War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Type 89

2019-11-13T20:02:36Z

U17485804: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=jp_type_89}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage {{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

The full name is known as the Mitsubishi Type 89 infantry fighting vehicle (Japanese: 三菱89式装甲戦闘車 - ''Mitsubishi 89-shiki sōkō-sentō-sha''), the Type 89 provides an autocannon weapon combined with an anti-tank guided missile for a diverse range of attack methods.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


While Type 89 armour consists out of Rolled Homogenous Armour, it is not any better than modern light tanks of other factions, which use double or even triple the amount of aluminium to give roughly the same amount of protection. This means that its sides and even angled turret will still be vulnerable to all autocannons and will "hull break" easily if hit into a weak spot. One such weak spot is the suspension, for example, hitting the back wheels of chassis with 105 mm chemical shell may annihilate entire tank. Any 120 mm and higher kinetic shells hitting the hull will also likely instantly hull break it.

Armour profile can be closely compared to [[Merkava Mk.1 (USA)|Merkava Mk.1]], it has a long hull with turret on the back, and the entirety of it is sloped as much as possible. This means that inaccurate frontal hull shot will likely bounce and tank should always face the opponent. Unfortunately, due to how big the turret is, the bounced shell might actually fly straight into it, and there aren't any special shields or additional armour for the turret crew on this tank.

Internal module placement is rather smart on paper, with driver and MG operator hiding on the right side of the tank, and main weapon crew hiding on the back along with ammunition, while the rest of the tank is one giant engine compartment, sealed off with 5 mm RHA screen. In reality, the means of protecting the crew and critical weak points are insufficient. Most notably, the driver isn't completely sealed away from tank's front and the turret.

Due to overall low thickness of armour Type 89 gets [[Damage_mechanics#Breach_.2F_Overmatch_.2F_Stamping|overmatched]]. Whenever the tank hull side is even slightly opened, it will get easily penetrated by big guns, the armour is not thin enough to not trigger APHE fuses and even if it's a slow 19 mm fuse it will trigger off hitting engine and RHA screen, then cause violent explosion next to ammo rack, aside from extreme likelyhood of a hullbreak. Pure AP shells even of a small caliber autocannon will fly straight through the entire engine compartment, likely hitting the turret crew or ammo rack in the very back of the tank. It is also possible to lose entire tank crew to a single coaxial autocannon spray from the right side, as nothing is protecting the driver there.

The one time when when sealed compartment truly works is when {{PAGENAME}} drives around the town, or hides from snipers behind buildings, and someone suddenly shoots engine compartment into direction opposite from the crew, then enemy APHE may simply get stuck there, doing reduced damage to the turret crew. This does not make situation any better, though, as without team help or very unlikely ATGM counterattack Type 89 will still get repeatedly set on fire until it explodes.

Recommendations: Keep your opponents in front of you, if you can't - at least keep them on your left. Avoid being shot directly by 120+ mm shells. Do not needlessly taunt enemy SPAA. In close quarters be extremely aggressive and destroy enemy weapon or gunner as soon as possible. Otherwise try to scout enemy and hope to fire first or that there is a sniper to cover your back.

=== Mobility ===
''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability as well as the maximum speed forward and backwards.''

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Oerlikon KDE (35 mm)|Type 79}}

The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is outfitted with the following:

* 1 x 35 mm Oerlikon KDE autocannon
* 4 x Type 79 ATGMs

Both of weapons are listed as "main armament" and should be treated equally. The gun covers the tank close quarter battles, while ATGM covers the unexpected and medium to long range encounters.

Its auto cannon is an Oerlikon KDE autocannon, which is similar to KDA variant used by the [[Gepard]], the [[Type 87]], and the [[Chieftain Marksman]] and is widely considered to be one of the most effective guns in regards to damage output and reliability. This is due to their moderate calibre and rate of fire: 35mm is the largest of the small autocannons which allows it to have a much higher rate of fire than any 40 mm or 57 mm system.
[[File:Type 89 uses aphe to destroy soviet medium tank through suspension.jpg|thumb|Even medium tanks are not safe from stock APHE, as their belly armour is very weak. Shoot at the suspension wheels to set off the shell early. The method is not 100% reliable and does not show hit camera after penetration.]]
The difference between them is that KDE cannon fires slower than KDA, but it uses tank-specific ammunition instead, which makes it behave differently - for example, API-T will explode after penetration regardless of armour thickness (because planes have no armour), while APHE will explode only if it penetrates about 9 to 15 mm equivalent of Rolled Homogenous Armour, like with any normal tank shells. However, it generally does slightly more damage, if it '''does''' explode. Due to this, KDE shells also have tendency to penetrate modules like thin radiators and sometimes even engines, instead of just exploding upon hitting it, when attacking light tanks.

It is very important to remember, that even 3-5 direct APHE hits to a cannon barrel can neutralize almost any medium tank Type 89 can face, and should anything impenetrable suddenly attack, one can just fire at their gun.

This allows the Type 89 to easily deal with any lightly armoured vehicle in the game. It also has access to APDS ammunition, which allows it to deal with MBTs from the side, though this is usually not advised. It is also advisable to avoid attacking tanks like [[M3 Bradley]] from long range with a gun without APDS ammunition, as this light tank mostly specializes on annihilating other light tanks, has APDS from the get-go and it's hull can block almost any weak long range shots.

Tank still can use conventional HE instead of HEI-T to attack helicopters, if it must.

Whenever you see, that your gun can't deal with enemy target, or someone caught you off guard, you can launch ATGM. They are located on sides of a turret and can be launched on move '''at any speed''' as with hybrid medium tanks. Due to their placement, they only really arrive at crosshair location if target was about 500m away, so practice close range aim in test drive.

The Type 79 ATGM has around 700 mm flat penetration at any range and has a high velocity, making it one of the better ATGMs in-game, similar to MILAN 2 of [[Warrior]], though it falls short of the HOT series. This ATGM lets you deal with most tanks from the front, but be sure to avoid hitting NATO NERA composite armour, as these composite armours will likely reduce damage done to minimal or none at all. Try to remove ERA with your gun, as it may reduce damage taken by hostile tank and force you to use both missiles.

Since you have two ATGMs mounted to the outside of your vehicle at once (with four total), you can immediately fire another missile after first one. Firing second missile will cut off the first one, so only do this if you are sure it's on correct course. Keep in mind, that you can only reload missiles after both of them were fired, and it takes 30 seconds, which is arguably the longest ATGM reload time in the game.



=== Machine guns ===
''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has 2 ATGM loaded at the same time and can fire them in quick succession
* Unlike other IFV and non-hybrid ATGM carriers, can fire ATGM on move and '''at any speed'''
* Type 79 ATGM is hard to dodge and have high penetration power of 700 - can breach ERA and weak NERA
* Potent ammunition for autocannon - able to take out enemy tanks with one or two well-aimed penetrating hits:
** Second strongest APHE shell on an infantry fighting vehicle
** With APDS shells, can fight most medium tanks
** High explosive round can be used to one-shot low flying aircraft
* Can very efficiently exchange speed to manoeuvrability at gears 2 and 3
* Neutral steering
* Good reverse speed, turns better in reverse than forward
* Has thermal sight

'''Cons:'''

* Weak armour - has hull break, can't completely negate damage, like the [[Warrior]] with add-on composite shields, can lose entire crew to a single 23 mm API-T and even APDS shot from the right side
* Low ammo count for the main gun and only 4 ATGM
* Due to placement of ATGM launchers on turret, firing them in close combat is awkward and may result in a non-fatal hit
* Unlike [[type 60 ATM]], ATGM '''only''' reloads after you fired both of loaded missiles, forcing you to waste ammunition, on top of having only four ATGMs
* ATGM reload takes 30 seconds, which is three times slower than any other light tank and specialized ATGM carrier
* Unfavorable matchmaking compared to other infantry fighting vehicles like the [[M3 Bradley]]
* Driver is not able to handle first forward gear turning of the tank, resulting in abysmal forward first-gear turning speed. The problem can be avoided by manually shifting the transmission to gear 2 or driving forward until driver does it himself, but IFV will stutter in close combat

== History ==

At the beginning of the 1980s, the JSDF wanted to replace its outdated Type 60 and Type 73 APCs with more modern IFVs, similar to the American Bradley and the German Marder. The JSDF drew up a set of requirements and tasked the Mitsubishi company with developing a suitable replacement.

In 1984, funding was approved to build four different prototypes, all of which underwent testing until 1986. By 1989, one prototype design was selected and was adopted within the armed forces under the designation of Type 89.

Initially, the JSDF estimated the need for about 300 Type 89s to be built. However, the end of the Cold War in the 1990s combined with a limited budget prevented a rapid mass-production of Type 89 to take place. In fact, production was proceeding at a very low rate, with just over 50 vehicles entering service with the JSDF by 1999.

Although production of Type 89 was discontinued in 2004, the vehicle is still in service with the JSDF today. As of 2016, a total of 68 vehicles were present in the JSDF’s inventory from the initially planned 300.

''- From [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5936-development-type-89-the-fire-dragon-en Devblog]''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5936-development-type-89-the-fire-dragon-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Type 89: The Fire Dragon]

{{Japan light tanks}}

[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]

Type 90

2019-11-12T19:26:09Z

U17485804: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=jp_type_90}}
{{About
|about=the medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=other usages of "Type 90"
|link=Type 90 (Disambiguation)
}}
== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


The Type 90, although similar in design to the Leopard 2A4, does not boast the same superb survivability. Due to the three man crew, it is in your best interests to avoid getting hit if at all. Since there are more weak spots than areas that are protected, you only need to keep in mind that the sides of the frontal turret will block most shots if angled at 10 degrees. The turret ring is very vulnerable, susceptible to penetration by 30mm AP or APDS rounds and gives way to both commander and gunner.

If ambushed and can not shoot back (damaged barrel, chamber, or dead gunner) try to drive into the enemy so his hull is inclined against you and his gun mostly aiming your mantlet. The gun breach will hopefully absorb any shells shot into the turret and allowing for the repair to complete without dying.

It is recommended to carry only 19 shells: 18 on the back of your turret and 1 on the chamber. More shells beyond this first stage loadout would be placed in the wet storage fuel tank and is liable to exploding after any tanker sneezes in its general direction.

=== Mobility ===


{| class="wikitable"
|
|Arcade
|Realistic simulator
|-
|Max speed
|73 km/h 37 km/h reverse
|50-60km/h-(can get to 70km/h on some situations) 37km/h reverse
|-
|Engine horse power
| colspan="2" |1500hp-2400rpm
|-
|gearbox
| colspan="2" |7 gears forward, 2 gears backward
|-
|}

* Access to hydraulic suspension
** When hydraulics are deployed to maximum height it increase traction but decrease the vehicle's overall balance due to higher centre of mass (more than the stabilizer can counter).
* Neutral steering capabilities

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Type 90 (120 mm)|l1=Type 90 L/44 (120 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Type 90 (120 mm)|120 mm Type 90 L/44]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 42 || -7°/+10° || ±180° || Two-plane
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 28.6 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 17.9 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 5.00 || 5.00 || 5.00 || 5.00
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| JM33 || APFSDS || 540 || 530 || 520 || 500 || 480 || 460
|-
| JM12A1 || HEATFS || 650 || 650 || 650 || 650 || 650 || 650
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| JM33 || APFSDS || 1,640 || 4.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || ° || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| JM12A1 || HEATFS || 1,140 || 13.5 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 1,640 || ° || 65° || 72° || 75°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" width="10%" |Recommendations
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''42''' || XX ''(X+)'' ||  ''(+)'' ||  ''(+)'' ||  ''(+)'' ||  ''(+)'' ||  ''(+)'' || style="text-align:left" | Hull empty:  (18) || style="text-align:left" | no
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Browning M2HB (12.7 mm)|Type 74 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Browning M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 1,000 (200) || 577 || -8°/+40° || ±120°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Type 74 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Type 74]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 4,500 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


In realistic battles, the Type 90 continues the traditional Japanese roles of fire support, sniping, and flanking. You can use this vehicle to rush down the center of the map with its speed allowing it to quickly engage and disengage enemies, negating the downsides of the subpar armor by simply not being hit. With a five second reload time for the cannon, and a high-penetration round, it should only take 5-15 seconds to finish of an enemy tank. Through utilizing the terrain by using suspension to hide the chassis when peeking, and angling armor in a way to force enemies to hit your armored turret, the Type 90 can be a very powerful glass cannon in a battle.

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" |Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks||
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive||||
|-
| II
| Suspension||Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire||||
|-
| III
| Filters||
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation mechanism||Smoke grenade||
|-
| IV
| Transmission||Engine
|
| Artillery Support||JM33||Laser rangefinder
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

*Really good composite armour
*One of the best APFSDS shell in the entire game, able to penetrate all tanks from far range
*5 second autoloader and best reload speed combined with the best shell in the perfect turret
*Great mobility
*Great acceleration for both forward and reverse speed
*A bit smaller than the [[Leopard 2A4]], giving it a lower profile

'''Cons:'''

*Lacks composite armour on lower front armour plate, plus combined with the presence of shells in the front of the tank, a direct hit will quickly take it out
*[[Hydropneumatic suspension]] adjustment takes time and requires the tank to be stationary
*Lower general survivability than the Leopard 2A4 due to the crew of 3; one good hit and the tank is out
*Big and weak gun mantlet.

== History ==

Development of the Type 90 began almost immediately after the introduction of the Type 74 into service, with the Japanese High Command already looking for a superior replacement. A central aspect of the new machine would have to be the ability to take on and defeat the new Soviet T-72 main battle tank. With that in mind, Japanese engineers began working on a prototype design, which would see completion in 1980. Two prototypes of this initial design were built, tested and improved upon between 1980 - 1986.

Testing resumed in 1986 with a second batch of four prototype vehicles, featuring a number of improvements over the initial two. The most significant change included the replacement of a Japanese-made 120mm smoothbore gun with the established Rheinmetall 120 L/44, most notably used by the M1A1 Abrams and Leopard 2 at the time. The decision to change the gun from a domestic one to a licence-built alternative most likely came as a measure to reduce production costs. However, unlike the MBTs of western armies, the designers of the Type 90 opted to equip the tank with an autoloading mechanism, making it the only production vehicle that did so in combination with the Rh 120 cannon. Further testing and army trials of these prototypes was conducted during the late 80s before the Japanese army formally introduced the tank into service in 1990 as the Type 90. Production of the Type 90 began in 1990 and continued until 2009, with 341 vehicles made.

''- From [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5499-development-type-90-the-lightweight-heavy-hitter-en Devblog]''

== Media ==

[https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=japan&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=jp_type_90 '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the Type 90 from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5499-development-type-90-the-lightweight-heavy-hitter-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Type 90: The Lightweight Heavy Hitter]

{{Japan medium tanks}}

ZTZ96

2019-11-12T06:09:41Z

U17485804: /* Modules */

{{Specs-Card|code=cn_ztz_96}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.93 "Shark Attack"]].

The first Chinese MBT in the game not directly based on or modified from a foreign design, the ZTZ96 has a more distinctive appearance and introduces several features not seen in previous Chinese medium tanks. The general layout is reminiscent of the [[T-72A|Soviet T-72]], but upon inspection, major differences are apparent in the design of the turret and hull. Most obviously, the welded turret is quite flat and angular compared to the dome shape traditionally favoured by the Soviet Union and China. The hull is also a departure from the traditional T-54 chassis, featuring smaller and more numerous roadwheels, a more steeply sloped upper glacis, and a more prominent lower glacis. Composite armour is present in the turret cheeks and on the upper glacis.

The ZTZ96 features a 125 mm smoothbore cannon with an autoloader similar to the T-72, making it well armed. Its shell selection is somewhat limited but the APFSDS and HE shells should be sufficient for dealing with most ground targets.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


The ZTZ96's armour is a significant improvement over previous Chinese tanks like the [[CM11]] and [[ZTZ59D1]] but is not very competitive for its rank. It has a significant amount of chemical protection in the cheeks and upper glacis (580-600 mm). After the reduction of 120 mm HEAT-FS penetration in 1.93, this amount generally sufficient for resisting HEAT-FS rounds from enemy MBTs but remains vulnerable to certain ATGMs. Kinetic protection is less adequate, ranging from 350-380 mm. This is marginal against early APFSDS rounds, but most enemies at its rank can punch through it with their top rounds, not even mentioning the rounds of the Rank VII MBTs that the ZTZ96 will commonly face in battle.

As with other modern MBTs, the gun mantlet is highly susceptible to incoming fire, which can knock out the breech or hurt the crew. The lower glacis is also a weak point and should be hidden from enemy view when possible.

The survivability leaves much to be desired. The autoloader uses a layout similar to the [[T-72A]]; a penetrating shot to the lower glacis or hull side has a high likelihood of detonating the ammunition and instantly destroying the tank. Granted, this is slightly less likely to happen than in the T-64/80 since the propellant charges are stacked horizontally instead of vertically. In addition, with 3 only crew members, it is easier to knock out the tank with a good shot, particularly since the driver and gunner are lined up when the turret is facing forwards.

=== Mobility ===

The mobility of the ZTZ96 is generally unimpressive. It has 17.8 hp/ton when fully upgraded, which is about the same as the T-64B and less than the Challenger Mk.2; these two tanks are already considered quite immobile for their rank. The reverse speed of -9 km/h is painful but better than the agonizing 4 km/h of the Soviet T-64/72; do not count on being able to retreat from danger rapidly. In general the ZTZ96 will be among the last to arrive on the battlefield in top rank battles, and one should plan accordingly.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristics
|-
! Weight (tons)
! Add-on armour weight (tons)
! Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 41.0 || rowspan="2" | N/A
| 64 (AB)
|-
| 57 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! Mode !! Stock !! Upgraded
|-
| ''Arcade'' || ??? || ???
|-
| ''Realistic/Simulator'' || ??? || 730
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! Mode !! Stock !! Upgraded
|-
| ''Arcade'' || ??.?? || ??.??
|-
| ''Realistic/Simulator'' || ??.?? || 17.8
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Type 88C (125 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Type 88C (125 mm)|125 mm Type 88C]]
|-
! colspan="3" | Capacity
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
! Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 40 || -6°/+14° || ±180° || Two-plane
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! Mode
! Stock
! Upgraded
! Prior + Full crew
! Prior + Expert qualif.
! Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.??
|-
| ''Realistic'' || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.??
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Stock
! Prior + Full crew
! Prior + Expert qualif.
! Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.??
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| 125-I || APFSDS || 466 || 464 || 458 || 450 || 442 || 434
|-
| DTB-125 || HE || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45
|-
| DTP-125 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! rowspan="2" | Normalisation at 30° from horizontal
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 125-I || APFSDS || 1,730 || 4.02 || N/A || N/A || N/A || ?.?° || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| DTB-125 || HE || 850 || 23.0 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 5,463.9 || +0.0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| DTP-125 || HEATFS || 905 || 18.0 || N/A || 0.1 || 2,188.8 || +0.0° || 65° || 72° || 75°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || ?? ''(+??)'' || ?? ''(+??)'' || ?? ''(+??)'' || ?? ''(+??)'' || ?? ''(+??)'' || ?? ''(+??)'' || ??
|-
|}

==== [[Optics]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} Optics
|-
!
! Default magnification
! Maximum magnification
|-
! Main Gun optics
| X7.2 || X8.0
|-
! Comparable optics
| colspan="2" | ???
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|QJC88A (12.7 mm)|Type 86 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[QJC88A (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm QJC88A]]
|-
! colspan="4" | ''Commander cupola mount''
|-
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Fire rate (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| 500 (150) || 700 || -5°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Type 86 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Type 86]]
|-
! colspan="4" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Fire rate (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| 2,500 (250) || 700 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! colspan="2" | Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
|
| Horizontal Drive
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| NVD
| Adjustment of Fire
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Smoke grenade
| Elevation Mechanism
| Laser rangefinder
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
| ESS
|
| Artillery Support
| 125-I
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful gun with access to high-penetrating APFSDS
* Autoloader reloads the cannon even when putting out fires or replacing crew members
* HE shell is currently the most powerful available to any high-rank MBT, can cripple or outright destroy enemies with a good shot
* Low profile
* First Chinese tank equipped with composite armour, quite resistant to chemical munitions
* Roof mounted heavy machine gun is useful against aircraft and light targets
* Relatively-faster turret rotation speed, compared to Soviet tanks at it's battle-rating

'''Cons:'''

* Mobility is below average at its rank
* Composite armour's kinetic protection leaves some to be desired
* Has a larger lower front plate than Soviet MBTs, no composite armour there
* Autoloader carousel is a giant ammo rack
* Slightly slower reload speed than the T-72A
* No thermal sights, unlike the preceding ZTZ59D1
* Poor reverse speed
* Below average gun depression (-6°)
* Only 3 crew members

== History ==


The People's Liberation Army relied on the [[Type 59]] as its primary main battle tank for most of the Cold War. While cheap, reliable, and quite upgradeable, its design began to shows its age over the decades. The [[Type 69]] series differed little from the Type 59 in terms of appearance and was not used in quantity by the PLA. After relations with the Western world improved at the start of the 1980s, foreign technology was purchased and used to [[ZTZ59D1|upgrade the PLA's stock of existing tanks]]. However, there was only so much that could be done to bring the Type 59 up to a competitive level and more efforts were devoted to domestic tank development.

The new Type 80/88 tank retained the general appearance of the Type 59, but its chassis was heavily redesigned, featuring a new suspension, a licensed German engine, and other changes. The turret retained the cast dome design but a 105mm gun was installed.

As with other PRC tank models, development continued for a long time and a large number of variants were made. The Type 85 branch featured welded turrets; the initial Type 85-1 "Storm" was intended for export and was otherwise similar to the original series, but no orders were placed from the PLA or export customers. A more radical development was the Type 85-IIM, which featured a welded turret equipped with an autoloading 125mm gun derived from the T-72. It also featured composite armour. This variant was exported to Pakistan under the designation of Type 85-IIAP.

The Type 85-IIM was later procured for domestic use, with some changes, as the Type 88C or '''Type 96''', spurred by the poor performance of the Iraqi Army's Type 79 tanks (which featured roughly the same protection as the 80/88) in the Gulf War. As can be expected, this was further developed into the Type 96A and 96B variants. The 96A introduced applique "arrowhead" armour on the front turret face and ERA mounts on the upper glacis, improving protection significantly, and the electronics were improved to a standard approaching to the top-line Type 99 tank, including a gunner's thermal sight and FCS upgrades. The 96A has participated in Tank Biathlons, where it scored well in gunnery but was let down by its underpowered engine. The ultimate 96B variant appeared in 2016 and features comprehensive all-round upgrades with a much more powerful 1130 hp engine. Finally, an export variant called the VT-2 has been showcased by Norinco, generally similar to the Type 96A.

At present the Type 96 series can be considered the backbone of the PLA's tank forces, featuring good protection and firepower with a relatively low weight and cost, comparable in role to the Russian T-90. Elite units are issued the more advanced and heavier Type 99, but cost and terrain reasons have limited its deployment. Outside of China, the Type 96 has been exported to Sudan; reportedly these tanks have destroyed several South Sudanese T-72s in combat.

===[[wt:en/news/6445-development-ztz96-top-tier-chinese-en|Devblog]]===
Work on the ZTZ96 began in the early 1990s, as new Chinese MBT with larger 125mm smoothbore cannon supported by an autoloading mechanism and new composite armour protection. The first prototype was built in May 1991 and underwent successful testing until January of the following year. Having received the official designation ZTZ85-IIAP, production of the vehicle commenced, with the Pakistani army receiving its first units shortly afterwards.

Several years later, the decision was made to adopt the ZTZ85-IIAP for domestic use as a stopgap measure to equip the PLA with a capable combat vehicle. In 1996, the vehicles destined for PLA use were formally redesignated into ZTZ96 and production of the type began in 1998.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6445-development-ztz96-top-tier-chinese-en|[Development<nowiki>]</nowiki> ZTZ96: Top-Tier Chinese]]

{{China medium tanks}}

T-2

2019-11-11T23:23:28Z

U17485804: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=t2
|cockpit = 505994/1676691
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]].

After World War II, Japan was left without any modern jet fighters for defensive purposes and around 1955 the Japanese Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) put into motion development of a supersonic jet aircraft due to the Fuji T-1 trainer’s lack of proper training in supersonic flight. Japan had purchased front-line Mach 2 fighters such as the F-104 Starfighter and the [[F-4C_Phantom_II|F-4EJ]] Phantom, however, their pilots had difficulty in handling these fighters and a new trainer aircraft was needed.

Built as a trainer aircraft, the trainee pilot and instructor sat in tandem with the instructor in the rear-raised seat. With an instructor pilot in the aircraft, Japan was now ready to properly train their pilots in high-speed fighter usage. The {{PAGENAME}} paved the way to Japan’s development and production of their first supersonic military fighter, the Mitsubishi F-1.

The {{PAGENAME}} features dual Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries TF40-IHI-801A engines which are license-built Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Adour turbofans, the same utilised in the Jaguar fighters. The {{PAGENAME}} for the most part was manufactured with aircraft aluminium alloys, however, it did selectively use titanium for extra strength in certain areas. Shaped more like a dart than the stout Jaguar, the {{PAGENAME}} was built for speed, though to help with maneuverability the wings do not house fuel tanks and feature leading-edge root extensions (LERX) and full-span leading-edge slats on the wings to aid in creating a higher angle of attack or higher lift capacity, especially helpful during slow flight. The {{PAGENAME}} opted to eliminate ailerons and instead utilise twin spoilers for roll control. The tail portion of the aircraft like many modern fighters featured an all-moving tailplane and airbrakes were outfitted to allow for slowing the aircraft down either in manoeuvres or when preparing for landing.

[[File:T-2 sgko 002.png|350px|thumb|left|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' fighter on the hunt in air-to-air attack configuration.]]

The {{PAGENAME}} is an aggressive fighter aircraft and features a single 20 mm Vulcan cannon which requires a brief spin-up before ammunition begins to fire, thus does not have an instantaneous fire with trigger depress which will take a pilot time to get used to and preplan shots to allow for the gun to spool-up in time to get shots off at a high-speed target. AIM-9E Sidewinder air-to-air missiles round out the air attack arsenal and are highly effective missiles, however, a clever (and lucky) pilot can outmanoeuvre the Sidewinders, though, typically the enemy fighter is then left in a compromising situation and can be easily dispatched with the cannon.

Rockets mounted on the {{PAGENAME}} bridge the gap between air-attack and ground-attack, allowing the fighter to either hammer bombers with the rockets or ground targets such as trucks, anti-aircraft batteries and ships. For dedicated ground attack, the {{PAGENAME}} can be outfitted with two different bombs, namely the 500 and 750 lb bombs of which are the aerodynamic LDGP form type bombs. Though not built to be a fighter-bomber like the [[F-4C_Phantom_II|F-4C]], the Japanese fighter loses some of its hard-earned manoeuvrability while carrying bombs (hence the fuel tanks not being in the wings), however once released, the {{PAGENAME}} can be back in the aerial mix as long as it has the speed to do so.

Though developed as a training aircraft, the {{PAGENAME}} is a formidable foe which is fast, sleek and can carry a one-two punch which can easily knock-out enemy aircraft unfortunate enough to race through the Japanese fighters crosshairs.
== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===


The {{PAGENAME}} was designed and built for one main purpose and that was to train pilots in flight at around Mach 1.4 in preparation for flying faster Mach +2 fighters such as the F-4EJ, F-104 and the Mitsubishi F-1. With a long narrow body, short main wings without fuel tanks and an all-moving tailplane, this aircraft was built streamlined like the F-104, to get you from point A to point B in the shortest amount of time possible and not spend too much time manoeuvring. While excelling as an interceptor, this fighter will still hold its own in a manoeuvring fight, granted as long as under-wing armaments are limited to the Sidewinder missiles and not the heavy bombs.

The sleekness of the aircraft lends itself to flying fast and speed should be maintained when flying especially during air-to-air combat as a slow-flying {{PAGENAME}} is a relatively easy target due to poor manoeuvrability at slow speeds. To help in instances where the aircraft must fly at slower speeds (landing, bombing and ground rocket attack) slats and spoilers help to create a higher lift capacity and roll rate which prevent the aircraft from stalling and plummeting.

Air-to-air combat should be avoided when carrying bomb loads as this will significantly decrease manoeuvrability. During ground attack, all efforts should be made to get to the target as soon as possible and release the heavy ordnance and then proceed to any aerial combat in the near vicinity.

Damage to the aircraft, especially to the wings will typically result in the destruction of the aircraft. Due to their relatively small size, any loss in surface area will cause the fighter to over-lift on the good side sending the aircraft into a roll and then potentially into a flat-spin.
[[File:T-2 duckmcmallardson 001.png|500px|thumb|right|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' on coastal patrol.]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 10,975 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 1,675 || 1,657 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 36.6 || 38.1 || 103.6 || 93.5 || 900
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 10,975 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 1,758 || 1,710 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 35.4 || 36.0 || 133.8 || 120 || 900
|-
|}

[[File:T-2 sgko 001.png|350px|thumb|right|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' in a power-climb on an intercept path.]]

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 700 || ~10 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 540 || < 580 || < 590 || > 300
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 0 m || 1,990 kgf || 3,015
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 38 mm bulletproof glass - situated between the fore and aft cockpits

The {{PAGENAME}} fighter like many of the newer aircraft have shed most of its armour in lieu more speed and agility. The only armour outfitted on this aircraft is the 38 mm bulletproof glass situated between the fore and aft cockpit, giving the rear pilot a pretty good chance of surviving an impact or bullet strike which might take out the front pilot. Beyond that, the survivability of the aircraft is a mix of engineering and skill of the pilot. Damage sustained to the wings will not affect fuel loss as no tanks are mounted here; they are only mounted within the fuselage of the aircraft. While many aircraft can absorb a huge amount of ammunition rounds in the fuselage before losing something important, when it comes to the {{PAGENAME}} fuselage hits typically result in a hit to the engines, oil coolers, fuel, pilots or the radar. This is where pilot skill and manoeuvring come into play to make it very difficult for an enemy pilot to get a firing solution. High-G manoeuvres within this aircraft may hurt the speed and manoeuvrability; however, it may save the pilot’s lives by causing many of the missiles such as the AIM Sidewinders to miss due to their lower g-turn threshold.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|JM61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm JM61A1 cannon, chin-mounted (750 rpg)

[[File:T-2 der thunderer 001.jpg|450px|thumb|right|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' sporting a user-created skin.]]
The JM61A1 20 mm Vulcan cannon is a monster and at the same time a headache for new pilots not used to it. Unlike a majority of the other machine guns and cannons in the game (or in real-life for that matter), trigger depression here does not immediately produce flying bullets. Due to the characteristics of the JM61A1 cannon, it requires an initial spool-up time or spin of the cannon barrels before ammunition can be fired. The high rate of fire can easily melt the barrel, however with the rotating barrels, each barrel can cool off enough before it is its turn again to prevent damage. To initiate this, trigger depression will result in a .25 second delay before the ammunition begins to fire to allow for the barrels to get to proper rotating speed. Once it gets going, 750 rounds of ammunition do not last very long.

When targeting an aircraft, for example, the pilot must remember this formula to be successful, while leading an aircraft or before an aircraft passes through the crosshairs, start squeezing the trigger about .5 to .25 seconds before that event and the cannon rounds should land on target. Waiting until a target passes through the crosshairs (unless tailing them) will result in a miss as they will be out of the sights before the cannon starts firing.

Trigger discipline is necessary when using this cannon as due to its rate of fire (about 6,000 RPM, ~100 RPS or 7.5 seconds of ammunition) will easily blow through the 750 rounds carried by the {{PAGENAME}}.

=== Suspended armament ===

[[File:T-2 takemoto 001.png|450px|thumb|right|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' outfitted with FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets, Sidewinders and the obligatory 20 mm Vulcan cannon.]]
{{main|LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|JM117 cone 45 (750 lb)|AIM-9E|AIM-9B|FFAR Mighty Mouse}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 7 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (3,500 lb total)
* 5 x 750 lb JM117 cone 45 bombs (3,750 lb total)
* 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 2 x AIM-9B missiles
* 7 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs + 2 x AIM-9B missiles (3,500 lb total)
* 5 x 750 lb JM117 cone 45 bombs + 2 x AIM-9B missiles (3,750 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9B missiles + 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 2 x AIM-9E missiles
* 7 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs + 2 x AIM-9E missiles (3,500 lb total)
* 5 x 750 lb JM117 cone 45 bombs + 2 x AIM-9E missiles (3,750 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E missiles + 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''


=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="3" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Compressor
|
| Offensive 20 mm
| M82
|
|-
| II
| New boosters
|
| Airframe
|
|
| JLAU-3/A
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 20 mm cannons
| JM117
| AIM-9B
|-
| IV
| G-suit
|
| Cover
|
|
| AIM-9E
|-
|}

===Radars===
{{main|AN/APS-21|AN/APG-26}}
The Mitsubishi T-2 is equipped with an [[AN/APS-21]] search radar, as well as an [[AN/APG-26]] target tracking radar. Both radars are located in the nose of the aircraft.
[[File:T-2 YMSK 001.jpg|450px|thumb|right|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' taxiing for take-off.]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | [[AN/APS-21]] - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
| 45,000 m || 28,000 m || ±85° || ±16°
|-
! colspan="4" | [[AN/APG-26]] - Target Tracking Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 4,000 m || 150 m || ±60° || ±60°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''
[[File:T-2 jonigustavo 001.png|450px|thumb|right|The dart-shaped '''{{PAGENAME}}''' hugging the terrain in attempt to catch enemy fighters unaware.]]

* Has a radar and radar gun sight, allowing you to better plan your "boom"s and get your rounds on target more reliably
* Extremely fast
* Devastating armament
* High climb rate
* 2 pilots (Not vulnerable to pilot snipes)
* High acceleration
* Manoeuvrable enough to get onto the target with relative ease.
* Has a tail hook for landing on carriers
* Has a braking chute, making landings on short airstrips or carriers possible
* Strong ordinance options
* Can equip 2 AIM-9B/AIM-9E missiles

'''Cons:'''

* Burns through fuel at an astronomical rate in arcade battles
* JM61A1 electric-powered cannon takes getting used to because of 0.25 second spool time to get the barrel spinning before firing commences
* Poor energy retention
* Extremely poor low-speed manoeuvrability and the low speed of the plane mean lower than 500 kph
* Requires good trigger discipline and aim as the gun burns through ammunition
* Cannon tends to "spark"
* High repair cost
* Larger turning radius compared to most other jet fighters around it's battle-rating.

== History ==


Soon after WW2, Japan was mostly offered jet fighter aircraft from the USAAF / USAF, such as the later versions of the [[F-86F-40_(Japan)|F-86 Sabre]], in order to protect itself from threats such as North Korea, who was at the time in conflict with the United States (in the 1950s). In the late 50's and 60's, Japan had already developed its first modern jet-aircraft, the Fuji T-1, which was mainly used as a trainer aircraft. But by the 70's, it was obsolete; Japan needed a new trainer aircraft, which could be used to train pilots for near Mach 2 speeds.

During the time between 1964-1965, engineers at Mitsubishi began working on a project called "T-X", which would be either a 1 or 2 seater aircraft, that would later be developed into another project for a ground-attack aircraft called the "SF-X".

At the time, the United States offered Japan the T-38 and Britain/France offered the SEPECAT Jaguar for investigation. Japan thought of a project of license-building these aircraft, which has later failed due to issues between SEPECAT and the Japanese Imperial Family.

In 1967, Japanese aircraft manufacturers Fuji, Kawasaki and Mitsubishi proposed their designs for the XT-2, of which Mitsubishi's design was accepted. The prototype (pre-production model) would be built in 1971, seeing its maiden flight on July 20 1971, flown by Dr. Kenji Ikeda.

The XT-2 became the first Japanese-built aircraft to break the sound barrier in level-flight. It was put into final production later that year.

The variants of the final model, the T-2 were: T-2Z (early model that later ended up being modified for the SF-X program), T-2A and T-2B (trainer models) and the T-2K, the armed model, carrying an M-61 Vulcan 20mm fast-firing autocannon. The aircraft was produced until 1988, and was retired in 2006, when it was replaced by its successor, the Mitsubishi F1.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Japan jet aircraft}}

ZTZ96

2019-11-11T23:14:36Z

U17485804: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=cn_ztz_96}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.93 "Shark Attack"]].

The first Chinese MBT in the game not directly based on or modified from a foreign design, the ZTZ96 has a more distinctive appearance and introduces several features not seen in previous Chinese medium tanks. The general layout is reminiscent of the [[T-72A|Soviet T-72]], but upon inspection, major differences are apparent in the design of the turret and hull. Most obviously, the welded turret is quite flat and angular compared to the dome shape traditionally favoured by the Soviet Union and China. The hull is also a departure from the traditional T-54 chassis, featuring smaller and more numerous roadwheels, a more steeply sloped upper glacis, and a more prominent lower glacis. Composite armour is present in the turret cheeks and on the upper glacis.

The ZTZ96 features a 125 mm smoothbore cannon with an autoloader similar to the T-72, making it well armed. Its shell selection is somewhat limited but the APFSDS and HE shells should be sufficient for dealing with most ground targets.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


The ZTZ96's armour is a significant improvement over previous Chinese tanks like the [[CM11]] and [[ZTZ59D1]] but is not very competitive for its rank. It has a significant amount of chemical protection in the cheeks and upper glacis (580-600 mm). After the reduction of 120 mm HEAT-FS penetration in 1.93, this amount generally sufficient for resisting HEAT-FS rounds from enemy MBTs but remains vulnerable to certain ATGMs. Kinetic protection is less adequate, ranging from 350-380 mm. This is marginal against early APFSDS rounds, but most enemies at its rank can punch through it with their top rounds, not even mentioning the rounds of the Rank VII MBTs that the ZTZ96 will commonly face in battle.

As with other modern MBTs, the gun mantlet is highly susceptible to incoming fire, which can knock out the breech or hurt the crew. The lower glacis is also a weak point and should be hidden from enemy view when possible.

The survivability leaves much to be desired. The autoloader uses a layout similar to the [[T-72A]]; a penetrating shot to the lower glacis or hull side has a high likelihood of detonating the ammunition and instantly destroying the tank. Granted, this is slightly less likely to happen than in the T-64/80 since the propellant charges are stacked horizontally instead of vertically. In addition, with 3 only crew members, it is easier to knock out the tank with a good shot, particularly since the driver and gunner are lined up when the turret is facing forwards.

=== Mobility ===

The mobility of the ZTZ96 is generally unimpressive. It has 17.8 hp/ton when fully upgraded, which is about the same as the T-64B and less than the Challenger Mk.2; these two tanks are already considered quite immobile for their rank. The reverse speed of -9 km/h is painful but better than the agonizing 4 km/h of the Soviet T-64/72; do not count on being able to retreat from danger rapidly. In general the ZTZ96 will be among the last to arrive on the battlefield in top rank battles, and one should plan accordingly.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristics
|-
! Weight (tons)
! Add-on armour weight (tons)
! Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 41.0 || rowspan="2" | N/A
| 64 (AB)
|-
| 57 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! Mode !! Stock !! Upgraded
|-
| ''Arcade'' || ??? || ???
|-
| ''Realistic/Simulator'' || ??? || 730
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! Mode !! Stock !! Upgraded
|-
| ''Arcade'' || ??.?? || ??.??
|-
| ''Realistic/Simulator'' || ??.?? || 17.8
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Type 88C (125 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Type 88C (125 mm)|125 mm Type 88C]]
|-
! colspan="3" | Capacity
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
! Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 40 || -6°/+14° || ±180° || Two-plane
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! Mode
! Stock
! Upgraded
! Prior + Full crew
! Prior + Expert qualif.
! Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.??
|-
| ''Realistic'' || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.??
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Stock
! Prior + Full crew
! Prior + Expert qualif.
! Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.??
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| 125-I || APFSDS || 466 || 464 || 458 || 450 || 442 || 434
|-
| DTB-125 || HE || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45
|-
| DTP-125 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! rowspan="2" | Normalisation at 30° from horizontal
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 125-I || APFSDS || 1,730 || 4.02 || N/A || N/A || N/A || ?.?° || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| DTB-125 || HE || 850 || 23.0 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 5,463.9 || +0.0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| DTP-125 || HEATFS || 905 || 18.0 || N/A || 0.1 || 2,188.8 || +0.0° || 65° || 72° || 75°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || ?? ''(+??)'' || ?? ''(+??)'' || ?? ''(+??)'' || ?? ''(+??)'' || ?? ''(+??)'' || ?? ''(+??)'' || ??
|-
|}

==== [[Optics]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} Optics
|-
!
! Default magnification
! Maximum magnification
|-
! Main Gun optics
| X7.2 || X8.0
|-
! Comparable optics
| colspan="2" | ???
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|QJC88A (12.7 mm)|Type 86 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[QJC88A (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm QJC88A]]
|-
! colspan="4" | ''Commander cupola mount''
|-
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Fire rate (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| 500 (150) || 700 || -5°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Type 86 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Type 86]]
|-
! colspan="4" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Fire rate (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| 2,500 (250) || 700 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! colspan="2" | Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
|
| Horizontal Drive
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| NVD
| Adjustment of Fire
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Smoke grenade
| Elevation Mechanism
| Laser rangefinder
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
| ESS
|
| Artillery Support
| 125-I
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful gun with access to high-penetrating APFSDS
* Autoloader reloads the cannon even when putting out fires or replacing crew members
* HE shell is currently the most powerful available to any high-rank MBT, can cripple or outright destroy enemies with a good shot
* Low profile
* First Chinese tank equipped with composite armour, quite resistant to chemical munitions
* Roof mounted heavy machine gun is useful against aircraft and light targets
* Relatively-faster turret rotation speed, on-par with Japanese Type 90 and French Leclerc.

'''Cons:'''

* Mobility is below average at its rank
* Composite armour's kinetic protection leaves some to be desired
* Has a larger lower front plate than Soviet MBTs, no composite armour there
* Autoloader carousel is a giant ammo rack
* Slightly slower reload speed than the T-72A
* No thermal sights, unlike the preceding ZTZ59D1
* Poor reverse speed
* Below average gun depression (-6°)
* Only 3 crew members

== History ==


The People's Liberation Army relied on the [[Type 59]] as its primary main battle tank for most of the Cold War. While cheap, reliable, and quite upgradeable, its design began to shows its age over the decades. The [[Type 69]] series differed little from the Type 59 in terms of appearance and was not used in quantity by the PLA. After relations with the Western world improved at the start of the 1980s, foreign technology was purchased and used to [[ZTZ59D1|upgrade the PLA's stock of existing tanks]]. However, there was only so much that could be done to bring the Type 59 up to a competitive level and more efforts were devoted to domestic tank development.

The new Type 80/88 tank retained the general appearance of the Type 59, but its chassis was heavily redesigned, featuring a new suspension, a licensed German engine, and other changes. The turret retained the cast dome design but a 105mm gun was installed.

As with other PRC tank models, development continued for a long time and a large number of variants were made. The Type 85 branch featured welded turrets; the initial Type 85-1 "Storm" was intended for export and was otherwise similar to the original series, but no orders were placed from the PLA or export customers. A more radical development was the Type 85-IIM, which featured a welded turret equipped with an autoloading 125mm gun derived from the T-72. It also featured composite armour. This variant was exported to Pakistan under the designation of Type 85-IIAP.

The Type 85-IIM was later procured for domestic use, with some changes, as the Type 88C or '''Type 96''', spurred by the poor performance of the Iraqi Army's Type 79 tanks (which featured roughly the same protection as the 80/88) in the Gulf War. As can be expected, this was further developed into the Type 96A and 96B variants. The 96A introduced applique "arrowhead" armour on the front turret face and ERA mounts on the upper glacis, improving protection significantly, and the electronics were improved to a standard approaching to the top-line Type 99 tank, including a gunner's thermal sight and FCS upgrades. The 96A has participated in Tank Biathlons, where it scored well in gunnery but was let down by its underpowered engine. The ultimate 96B variant appeared in 2016 and features comprehensive all-round upgrades with a much more powerful 1130 hp engine. Finally, an export variant called the VT-2 has been showcased by Norinco, generally similar to the Type 96A.

At present the Type 96 series can be considered the backbone of the PLA's tank forces, featuring good protection and firepower with a relatively low weight and cost, comparable in role to the Russian T-90. Elite units are issued the more advanced and heavier Type 99, but cost and terrain reasons have limited its deployment. Outside of China, the Type 96 has been exported to Sudan; reportedly these tanks have destroyed several South Sudanese T-72s in combat.

===[[wt:en/news/6445-development-ztz96-top-tier-chinese-en|Devblog]]===
Work on the ZTZ96 began in the early 1990s, as new Chinese MBT with larger 125mm smoothbore cannon supported by an autoloading mechanism and new composite armour protection. The first prototype was built in May 1991 and underwent successful testing until January of the following year. Having received the official designation ZTZ85-IIAP, production of the vehicle commenced, with the Pakistani army receiving its first units shortly afterwards.

Several years later, the decision was made to adopt the ZTZ85-IIAP for domestic use as a stopgap measure to equip the PLA with a capable combat vehicle. In 1996, the vehicles destined for PLA use were formally redesignated into ZTZ96 and production of the type began in 1998.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6445-development-ztz96-top-tier-chinese-en|[Development<nowiki>]</nowiki> ZTZ96: Top-Tier Chinese]]

{{China medium tanks}}

ZTZ59D1

2019-11-11T23:12:10Z

U17485804: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=cn_type_59d}}

== Description ==


The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forward and backwards.''

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===
''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Advise about how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

=== Additional armament ===
''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on about how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.''

=== Machine guns ===
''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

== Usage in battles ==


The ZTZ59D1 is best used as a support tank or sniper to take advantage of its good firepower and decent protection while minimizing the effects of its poor gun handling and mobility. Ideally one can stay behind the front lines, moving up when prudent, and allow other teammates to push forwards. Enemies that appear or reveal themselves can then be dispatched at a safe distance, and incoming fire can be countered by the ERA with some luck. However one must be on the lookout for flanking enemies, as the gun handling is not adequate for responding quickly to unexpected threats. For this reason close range brawling should also be avoided. The mobility is also quite poor for its rank and it pays to be vigilant when moving up to sniping positions - enemies may be already present.

The APFSDS ammunition is well suited for the tank's intended role due to its high velocity. The HEAT-FS and HESH rounds are functionally identical to those available to other L7-armed tanks, but considering the 59D1's slower reload, using them regularly nullfies the firepower advantage over its contemporaries. It may still be a good idea to bring some for hull-breaking light targets.

A nice feature of the ZTZ59D1 is its access to thermal vision. While not of particularly high resolution, it helps with spotting targets significantly in both day and night battles and aids its sniping capabilities. However it is not the only tank with thermal vision at its rank, so this is not an absolute advantage.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful 105mm gun similar to other L7-armed tanks, has access to great APFSDS only outmatched by opponents such as the [[Type 74]] and [[Leopard A1A1 (L/44)]]
* Equipped with ERA on the turret and upper glacis, resistant to chemical munitions
* Hull ERA setup offers 120mm of kinetic protection
* Has a two-plane stabilizer
* Access to smoke grenades, night vision devices and laser rangefinder
* Night vision includes thermal vision
* Top mounted DShK heavy machine gun is helpful against light targets and aircraft
* Rubber side skirts, turret storage racks offer some protection from chemical munitions
* Stock APFSDS Shell

'''Cons:'''

* Mobility is slightly worse than the original [[Type 59]], quite inadequate at its match-making position
* Turret traverse and base armor are the same as the Type 59, gun handling is painful in close quarters and APFSDS will go straight through much of the tank
* ERA coverage is rather sparse, significant gaps around the gun and on the upper glacis
* Slow reload
* No wet ammo storage unlike the comparable [[T-55AM-1]], ammo rack next to the driver is vulnerable to detonation

== History ==


The [[Type 59]] tank was the primary tank of the People's Liberation Army in the Cold War era. While reliable, easy to manufacture, and available in large numbers, the design began to show its age as time went on. Improved derivatives like the [[Type 69]] were not used extensively by the PLA. In the 1980s the large inventory of old Type 59s was in need of modernization, but defrosting relations with the Western world around that time allowed the purchase, use, and study of foreign technology, greatly aiding in the improvement of existing vehicles and development of future models. The first Type 59 model to benefit from these upgrades was the Type-59-II, which boasted a 105mm rifled gun based on the ubiquitous Royal Ordinance L7 and improved vision systems. The '''Type 59D1''' variant was a further development, adding on modern computerized fire-control systems, passive night vision devices, an improved gun with thermal sleeve, and explosive reactive armor. Other variants of note include the similar Type 59D, which has a longer gun and support for gun-launched ATGMs, the Type 59G, an overhaul featuring a welded turret and 125mm gun similar to the modern Type 96, and the Jaguar, a joint Sino-American project with a heavily overhauled turret and hull.

Later Type 59 variants are still present in the inventory of the PLA at present, though they have been replaced over time by the Type 99 and [[ZTZ96|Type 96]] tanks. While outdated, they are still useful for reserve or training purposes.

The designation/acronym "ZTZ" is used at times by the Chinese military for its main battle tanks. In Mandarin, the first Z stands for "armored vehicle" or "armor", the T stands for "tank", and second Z stands for "main battle". This term is generally used to describe modern Chinese MBTs, but for the most part it can be interchanged freely with "Type".

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{China medium tanks}}