War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

DT (7.62 mm)

2022-02-06T17:30:40Z

U1619975:

[[File:DT.png|550px|thumb|right|The DT on the BT-7A (F-32)]]
== Description ==


The '''7.62 mm DT''' is a Soviet machine gun used on a variety of armoured fighting vehicles. A conversion of an infantry light machine gun for ground vehicle mounts, the DT provides a steady firing rate to suppress or harass enemy vehicles and their crew with.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Light tanks'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|BT-5}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_bt_5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_rbt_5}}
{{Navigation-Line|BT-7}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_bt_7_1937}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_bt_7_1937_td}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_bt_7a_f32}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_bt_7_m}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-26}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_26_1940}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_26_1940_1st_GvTBr}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_t_26_1940}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_t_26_no531}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_26_4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_26E}}
{{Navigation-Line|Other}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_ba_11}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_50}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_60_1941}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_70_1942}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_80}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_126sp}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Medium tanks'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-28}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_28}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_28E}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_28_1938}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-34}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_34_1940_l_11}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_34_1941}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_34_1941_57}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_34_1941_cast_turret}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_34_1941_l_11}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_34_1942}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_t_34_1942}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_t_34_747}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_34E}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_34E_STZ}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-34-57}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_34_57_1943}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-34-85}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_34_85_d_5t}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_t_34_85_d_5t}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_34_85_zis_53}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_t_34_85_zis_53_no215}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_34_85E}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_58}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-34-100}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_34_100}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-44}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_44}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_44_100}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_44_122}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Heavy tanks'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|IS-2}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_is_2_1943}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_is_2_1943}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_is_2_1943_no402}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_is_2_1944}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_is_2_1944_revenge}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_is_2_1944}}
{{Navigation-Line|KV-1}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_kv_1_L_11}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_kv_1_zis_5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_kv_1e}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_kv_1s}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_kv_1B_finland}}
{{Navigation-Line|KV-2}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_kv_2_1940}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_kv_2_zis_6}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_kv_2_754r}}
{{Navigation-Line|Matilda}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_a_12_mk_2_matilda_2A_F96}}
{{Navigation-Line|Other}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_is_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_is_3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_is_6}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_kv_85}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_kv_122}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_kv_220}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_35}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Tank destroyers'''}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_zis_30}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==

A conversion of a 1920s infantry light machine gun, the DT has lots of characteristics of an early machine gun with a rather slow rate of fire. The magazine-fed nature also means that there are frequent down time to reload the machine gun if firing discipline is not maintained. However, this reload time is short again due to the magazine feeding system.

The DT firepower is otherwise nothing special compared to other machine guns of other nations aside from its firing characteristics.

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==

As the primary coaxial weapon for the majority of the Soviet Union's World War II designed/produced armored fighting vehicles, the DT machine gun is a weapon that players will need to familiarize themselves with for a good part of the Soviet tech tree. Unlike most other nation which have belt-fed weapons, the DT is magazine-fed and so cannot carelessly fire away without worrying about the magazine being emptied. Though the reload time is short, it does leave the vehicle more vulnerable to targets that may otherwise be receiving a good hail of machine gun fire at the moment like aircraft or thin-skinned open-top vehicles.

That said, as a coaxial mount, the machine gun does not have great elevation and so should remain as a secondary armament against enemy ground units.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''
* No worse than most other machine gun round performance
* Reload time between magazines is short

'''Cons:'''
* Slow rate of fire means fire saturation is poor
* Magazine feeding system means that ammo reserve between reloads is small compared to belt-fed weapons

== History ==

After World War I, the new Soviet government and its military sought to learn from Russia's experience in World War I. The light machine guns were a particular type of weapons that were looked into, inspired by the Russian experience using the British [[Lewis (7.7 mm)|Lewis machine gun]]. The Soviet military tasked Vasily Alekseyevich Degtyaryov with the job of designing a new light machine gun for the Red Army. Degtyaryov produced a weapon with a rather simple design chambering the 7.62x54R mm cartridge, with the weapon's function composing of six working parts. The weapon was loaded by a pan-shaped magazine in a manner similar to the Lewis machine gun, a physical trait that Soviet soldiers would nickname the weapon as ''proigryvatel'' ("phonograph" or "record player").<ref name="WiB_DP">War Is Boring 2016</ref> Degtyaryov's weapon was adopted as the Red Army's newest light machine gun in 1927 under the name ''{{Annotation|DP|Degtyaryov Pechotnyi (Infantry)}}'' machine gun.<ref name="Popenker_Degtyarov">Popenker "Degtyarov DP DPM RP-46"</ref> The DP gun is also sometimes referenced as the ''DP-27'' or ''DP-28'' (1928 being the DP's general service distribution date).

The DP machine gun would serve in most Red Army conflict onward, most notably in World War II. Though well-served, the initial models had issues with bipod structural strength and lack of a manual safety (only a grip safety was present).<ref name="Popenker_Degtyarov"/> Until World War II, the only considered modification of the DP machine gun, based on the fighting experience against the Japanese and their [[Type 91 (6.5 mm)|Type 11 machine guns]] in 1938-1939, was transforming the feed mechanism from using the large pan-shaped magazine to a slimmer hopper-type system that is fed with ammunition clips. However, this design was dropped due to awkward handling and unsatisfactory reliability.<ref name="ForgottenWeapons_DPHopper">McCollum Mar. 2011</ref> Following the experience from World War II battles, the DP machine gun underwent a modernization between 1943-1944 as the ''DPM'', which introduced a pistol grip, redesigned stock, a safe/fire selector, the repositioning of the recoil spring to the rear, and a stronger bipod.<ref name="ForgottenWeapons_DPvDT">McCollum Apr. 2011</ref>
[[File:Machine gun DP and DT.jpg|x250px|thumb|right|A DP (rear) and DT (front) machine gun on display.]]

The DP was also be used as vehicle mounts under the variations ''[[DA (7.62 mm)|DA]]'' for aircraft mounts, and '''DT''' for tank mounts (alongside the modernised ''DTM''). These variants were notable for their removed barrel shroud for a heavy barrel, different stock design (the DT would have a collapsible stock), and a redesigned magazine that was smaller in width, but taller in height to reduce the weapon's width for mounting within a constrained vehicle space.<ref name="Popenker_Degtyarov"/><ref name="ForgottenWeapons_DTM">McCollum 24 Jan. 2011</ref>

After World War II, the Soviet decide to replace the cumbersome pan-magazine on the DP with a belt-fed system. The DP machine gun was modified once again in 1946 with an add-on module that converts a DP to be able to take an ammunition belt from the [[SGMT (7.62 mm)|SG-43/SGM]] machine gun.<ref name="ForgottenWeapons_RP46">McCollum 10 Jan. 2011</ref> This modification was adopted as the ''[[RP-46 (7.62 mm)|RP-46]]'' (''Rotnyj Pulemet'' (Company Machine Gun), 1946). The machine gun would remain in use in the Soviet military until supplemented by the universal [[PKT_(7.62_mm)|PK machine gun]].<ref name="Popenker_Degtyarov"/>

The DP and its variations sees wide-spread use in Soviet-aligned countries such as North Korea and China,<ref name="Popenker_Degtyarov"/><ref name="ForgottenWeapons_RP46Variants">McCollum 2018</ref> the latter of which license-produced the DPM machine gun as the Type 53.<ref name="DIA_SmallArms">Kettrick 1983, p.235</ref>

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150">
File:Weapon DT (7.62 mm).png|The hull-mounted DT on the ZiS-30
</gallery>

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


=== References ===
;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography:
* Kettrick, James F., ''Small Arms Identification and Operation Guide - Eurasian Communist Countries (U)'', Defense Intelligence Agency, 01 Aug. 1983.
* McCollum, Ian, "DP-28 vs DPM." ''Forgotten Weapons'', 27 Apr. 2011, [https://www.forgottenweapons.com/dp-28-vs-dpm/ Website]. Accessed 29 Mar. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20201030050107/https://www.forgottenweapons.com/dp-28-vs-dpm/ Archive]).
* McCollum, Ian, "DTM Manual." ''Forgotten Weapons'', 24 Jan. 2011, [https://www.forgottenweapons.com/dtm-manual/ Website]. Accessed 29 Mar. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210116121854/https://www.forgottenweapons.com/dtm-manual/ Archive]).
* McCollum, Ian, "Kubynov hopper-fed DP28." ''Forgotten Weapons'', 16 Mar. 2011, [https://www.forgottenweapons.com/kubynov-hopper-fed-dp28/ Website]. Accessed 29 Mar. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20201030102032/https://www.forgottenweapons.com/kubynov-hopper-fed-dp28/ Archive]).
* McCollum, Ian, "RP46 LMG." ''Forgotten Weapons'', 10 Jan. 2011, [https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rd-46-manual-and-photos/ Website]. Accessed 29 Mar. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210402170033/https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rd-46-manual-and-photos/ Archive]).
* McCollum, Ian, "RP46 Variations: Russian, North Korean, and US Reproduction." ''Forgotten Weapons'', 04 Jul. 2018, [https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rp46-variations-russian-north-korean-and-us-reproduction/ Website]. Accessed 29 Mar. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210402170133/https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rp46-variations-russian-north-korean-and-us-reproduction/ Archive]).
* Popenker, Maxim, "Degtyarov DP DPM RP-46." ''Modern Firearms'', [https://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/russia-machineguns/dp-dpm-rp-46-eng/ Website]. Accessed 29 Mar. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210402170143/https://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/russia-machineguns/dp-dpm-rp-46-eng/ Archive]).
* War Is Boring "The DP Machine Gun Looks Funny, But Spilled a Lot of Blood." ''Medium'', A Medium Corporation, 23 Feb. 2016, [https://medium.com/war-is-boring/the-dp-machine-gun-looks-funny-but-spilled-a-lot-of-blood-f91f1cb4bf36 Website]. Accessed 29 Mar. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210623160339/https://medium.com/war-is-boring/the-dp-machine-gun-looks-funny-but-spilled-a-lot-of-blood-f91f1cb4bf36 Archive]).

{{Tank machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]

Ki-84 ko (China)

2022-02-01T19:43:32Z

U1619975: /* Usage in battles */

{{About
| about = premium Chinese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the Japanese version
| link-1 = Ki-84 ko
| usage-2 = other versions
| link-2 = Ki-84 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ki_84_ko_china
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.93 "Shark Attack"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

Equipped with a 2,000 hp engine, this aircraft's performance is on par with that of the legendary P-51 Mustang. However, unlike the Mustang, the Ki-84 has slightly better turning characteristics and climb rate thanks to its lighter weight. This being said, the Ki-84 also has good energy retention, so try to make your opponent bleed energy to have an edge. The Ki-84 was also one of the first mass-produced Japanese aircraft to come equipped with armoured glass, armour plates and self-sealing fuel tanks, but the armour is still lacklustre compared to its Russian and American counterparts. However, as always, not everything is perfect. The aircraft controls stiffen significantly at speeds above 630 km/h, making even slight adjustments to heading impossible. Thus, at higher speeds, its elevator suffers. The Ki-84 also suffers a lot when no modules are researched, making the aircraft almost useless until modifications are unlocked.

This aircraft should be played as it appears: a lightweight Japanese version of the Mustang, retaining good engine performance, decent climb-rate, high diving performance, but relatively lacklustre armament.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 669 || 650 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.2 || 20.8 || 14.1 || 14.1 || rowspan="2" | 421
|-
! Upgraded
| 719 || 692 || 19.1 || 19.4 || 22.6 || 17.9
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 470 || 431 || 280 || ~13 || ~10
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 400 || < 480 || < 430 || > 324
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 2,000 m || 1,875 hp || 2,100 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,300 m || 1,675 hp || 1,876 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 6 mm steel behind pilot's head
* 13 mm steel behind pilot
* 70 mm bulletproof glass in front of pilot
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (1 under pilot's feet, 1 in each wingroot)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Ho-5 (20 mm)|Ho-103 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Ho-5 cannons, wing-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Ho-103 machine guns, nose-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)

Wing-mounted cannons require the pilot to align the target of the rounds by the gun targeting distance. The weak weaponry and limited ammunition narrow the window of opportunity for hits on critical components. Shorter engagement distances of sub 300 metres and attacking more fragile targets such as fighters instead of bombers and heavy fighters is recommended.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Army Type 94 GPHE (50 kg)|Army Type 92 GPHE (250 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 50 kg Army Type 94 GPHE bombs (100 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg Army Type 92 GPHE bombs (500 kg total)

The Ki-84 being an energy fighter is not suited to carrying large loadout configurations, though auxiliary ordnance can be equipped to support basic ground attack capabilities. Up to 500 kg of bombs allow the destruction of light armoured vehicles and battlefield emplacements.

== Usage in battles ==


The strong rate of climb of this fighter allows for a significant altitude advantage to be made in the beginning of battles. As this fighter is usually paired with the Soviets against the Japanese, make sure to utilise this advantage as your Soviet teammates and many of the Japanese fighters that you will encounter will be unable to climb as high as you. However, if German aircraft are present in the opposing team be cautious of climbing too high as they will be able to easily gain an altitude advantage over you.

When encountering Japanese Zeroes (i.e. the A6M5) do not attempt to "turn-fight" them. Instead, maintain your energy with a typical boom and zoom technique as they will be unable to match your altitudes. The [[N1K (Family)|N1K2 series]] and the [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109 series]] have greater rates of climb, but handle slightly worse at lower speeds, hence it is suggested that you should attempt to burn both your opponent's and your own energy using climbing corkscrew manoeuvres to bring both of you into your optimal fighting altitude (~4,000 m) at your best operating speed (< 400 km/h). Here you are more manoeuvrable and have a better chance at taking out these fast aircraft.

Due to your fairly weak weaponry, it is not advised to chase after heavily armoured bombers and instead focus on fighting enemy fighters. A potential approach is to support allied aircraft by maintaining a high altitude above them, preventing enemy aircraft from diving on top of your allies as you can control the airspace directly above them.

==='''Simulator Battles'''===

In Simulator, the Ki-84 is overall a decent plane to fly. It enjoys lovely visibility towards the rear, sides, above, and over the nose, giving the pilot great situational awareness. It has nice handling, good climb rate, great speed and acceleration. Armament-wise, the guns have enough fire rate to put quite a few projectiles into the target in one pass. However the Ki-84's disadvantages are the limited damage, rudder efficiency at high speeds, the rather poor roll rate, and the compass at the front-right of the gunsight that can obstruct your view. This aircraft can be used in BnZ fighting, turn fighting, intercepting (to some extent) and some ground pounding.

Before taking off, bring at least 30 minutes of fuel for longer patrol time. Set the convergence to around 250 m since your weapons have low velocity, therefore needing more precise aim at longer range. While your Ki-84 roars down the runway, you will notice that it shifts severely to the left, thus you must put rudder input to the right to taxi straight. As with other Ki series aircraft, only elevator trim is available, so when the stick is at its deadzone, the Ki-84 will roll and yaw to the left side. Therefore you always need to pull the stick a little to the right which can get a bit annoying. Usually, trim for around -1% when cruising around 470 km/h, around -5% when diving around 600 km/h, and when fighting at around 400 km/h no negative trim is needed. When carrying the 2x 250kg bombload, no negative trim is needed as well. Landing characteristics are forgiving: cut throttle to make sure you are not above 350 km/h before touchdown. Deploy combat then takeoff flaps to further decelerate in preparation for extending landing gears. Extend at around 260 km/h, control your descend rate throughout. Right before touchdown, deploy landing flaps. The gears are quite sturdy. You can break until the plane reaches full stop and not worry about propeller strike.

For dogfighting, it is always safer to enter with an altitude advantage. Most dogfights in Sim happen around or below 3,000 m so the Ki-84 can easily climb up to that altitude. Once at an advantageous height, boom & zoom the enemies. The Ki-84 can easily accelerate to more than 550 km/h in a dive which is decently fast but requires more precise manoeuvres to get the correct lead, since the faster you go the smaller the shooting window is. Important note: when fighting above 550 km/h, you want to be more precise in the roll and pitch axis, since at this speed the rudder locks up severely, preventing you from making aim adjustments which negatively impacts the lead. You must pretend that your rudder doesn't exist and fully rely on the ailerons and elevators to lead. A successful pass will not usually cripple the enemy given the projectiles' lacklustre damage, so multiple attacks are needed to destroy one plane. Aside from BnZ, the Ki-84 is also excellent at turn fighting - with the appropriate opponent, of course. Except a few dedicated turn fighters, the Ki-84 can out-turn and get on most opponents' tail with combat/takeoff flaps deployed, and can sustain its turning ability throughout the fight. The Ki-84's stable handling allows you to pull some tight manoeuvres, so don't worry too much about flat spins. If you become a prey, try some defensive manoeuvres like barrel rolls or disengage by diving steeply towards a nearby friendly airfield. Note that the Ki-84's roll rate is very average so avoid manoeuvres like scissors.

When performing the "destroy enemy surveillance aircraft/attackers/bombers" task, it is crucial to constantly evade the turrets. If it is a bomber/attacker with decent defensive firepower or robust protection, then you might want to disengage after some attempts if you don't want to die. Pay special attention to any plane equipped with M2 Browning MG, they can critically damage the Ki-84 especially on the engine, fuel tanks, and pilot which can always lead to a later crash. Before attacking try to get an altitude advantage and perform deflection shots. To maximise the damage it is better to aim for their wings and engines, as the fuselage usually soaks up quite some bullets. Only fire when the bomber passes in front of your guns. This short window is not enough to cripple a twin-engine aircraft given the slow velocity, light projectiles and low one-second burst mass. However sometimes it only takes one bullet to set the target aflame. DO NOT follow behind a bomber's 6 unless you are sure that its tail gunners are unconscious. Chasing behind a bomber makes yourself pretty much stationary for the tail gunners, and you will be showered with bullets.

For ground pounding, the best loadout is the 2 x 250 kg bombs. With an extra 500 kg of weight attached outside, the Ki-84 handles much clumsier during take offs, especially on the roll axis. Longer distance is needed before lifting off. It is quite easy to drop bombs accurately with a Ki-84 because this aircraft is able to quickly accelerate above 550 km/h in a dive, the bombs will travel an almost straight line towards the target, therefore you can aim the gunsight directly at the target and expect the bombs to land very close. After bombs away, immediately pull up. The 2 MGs perform well in killing trucks, AA guns and artilleries as they have plenty of ammo, but avoid wasting cannon shells. However, constantly watch your surrounding, especially your high 6 for any incoming enemies.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* [[Me 264]]: The Me 264 is armed with large calibre MG and cannons all over it, therefore tailing a 264 is basically suicide unless all of their gunners are knocked out. You can treat the 264 almost like a B-29 or B-17 as they are very similar in both design and defensive capabilities. It is best to head-on the 264 if you can as you can easily knock out the pilots due to its glazed nose while also taking minimal damage. However the bomber lacks a ventral turret on its belly, making it easy to deal damage from below, but be wary of the downwards facing rear 20 mm cannon near the tail. The safest way to attack is from a higher altitude, dive at an oblique angle and focus fire on the wings and nose. Never engage if you have no altitude advantage. Looking somewhat similar to a B-17, an Me 264 has huge back-swept wings with 2 engines on each, and a H-tail which differentiates it from a B-17/B-29.
* [[Yak-3 (Family)|Yak-3]]: this is a capable dogfighter or BnZ fighter that can be a huge threat. Although its firepower is not deadly, it can still critically damage a Ki-84. It is able to fly or dive at similar speeds, and can even engage a turn fight with a Ki-84 that is using takeoff flaps. The Yak-3 has a straight dorsal line housing an inline engine, a bubble canopy with a huge cooling intake sticking out the belly, and its symbolic, triangular wings.
* [[A6M (Family)|A6M]], [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]], etc: If you see these turn fighters on your tail try outrunning them by diving at around -40 degrees. The Ki-84 still remains responsive handling at 600 km/h, but its speed retention is not the best, meaning it will start to lose speed quickly and the enemy might catch up. If you are near a friendly airfield, great. If not, then hope for the best and run towards the friendly side. A Spitfire also has an uncurved dorsal outline and large, elliptical wings. A Zero has a radial engine that's usually painted black, rounded wingtips and stabiliser tips followed by a pointy tail.
* [[Ju 288 C]]: this is a very common bomber in air RB. Their tactics generally fall into two styles: shallow dive bombing and conventional climbing. For the ones that shallow dive towards a bomb base at the start of the match, think twice before engaging. The Ju 288 is fast, being able to reach >500 km/h in a shallow dive which makes it quite hard for an attacker to BnZ it, as it will be slow to catch up to it, giving it long enough time to shoot back. The Ki-84 locks up past 550 km/h, plus the mediocre damage, it is best to leave it for heavy-punching teammates. As for the Ju 288 that climb, do not engage if you have no altitude advantage. It has numerous guns with great downward coverage, posing a big threat to the fragile Ki-84.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Strong rate of climb compared to other fighters such as the [[Ki-61 (Family)|Ki-61 series]] and the [[A7M2]]
* Effective top speed and energy retention allowing for the effective use of "boom and zoom" tactics
* Great acceleration allowing speed to be regained quickly after duels
* Reasonable performance at high altitude
* Maintains a high degree of manoeuvrability at lower speeds
* Jack of all trades: nimble yet quick while having a good degree of energy retention, allows this fighter to hold its own against any fighter that it may encounter
* Thanks to its lack of canopy frames, a clear all-round canopy view especially over the nose gives it a huge advantage in simulator.
* Center of mass is behind main landing gears, allowing it to break continuously until it stops. Does not need to worry about propeller strike
* Engine cools down fairly quickly when overheated

'''Cons:'''

* Not as manoeuvrable as the Japanese fighters that you will be facing at this tier, and struggles to contest the high altitudes of the Bf 109 series due to their superior rates of climb
* The "jack of all trades, master of none" character of this aircraft makes it difficult to play as pilots will need to adapt their play-style to counter specific aircraft that they are facing, subsequently requiring a fair degree of knowledge over the strengths and weaknesses of each aircraft that they will encounter
* The weapons feel fairly lacklustre, with the 20 mm cannons having a relatively low quantity of ammunition (at least compared to the 12.7 mm machine guns)
* Severe lock-up of the rudder above 500 km/h renders dive bombing or high speed boom and zoom less effective
* Elevator locks up at high speeds preventing optimal usage of its great energy retention
* A reasonably slow roll-rate causing this fighter to be vulnerable against Japanese fighters or the Fw 190's which are the typical opponents
* Fairly susceptible to damage with fires being particularly devastating to this light aircraft

== History ==


'''Production'''

Some of the Ki-84 Hayate was licensed producted in Fengtian (now Shenyang), China by Manshū Aircraft Company (in Japanese: 満州飛行機製造株式会社／まんしゅうひこうきせいぞうかぶしきがいしゃ Manshū Hikōki Seizō Kabushiki Gaisha) during the war. This company also producted [[Ki-27 otsu (China)|Ki-27]], [[Ki-43-III ko (China)|Ki-43]], [[Ki-44-II hei (China)|Ki-44]], [[Ki-45 hei/tei (China)|Ki-45]], [[Ki-61-I otsu (China)|Ki-61]] and many other aircraft for IJAAF.

'''Captured aircraft'''

After the Second World War, Ki-84s stationed in Nanking, Beijing and Hankow by the IJAAF were requisitioned by the Kuomintang’s China Air Force. The markings and unit insignia were painted over or crudely removed, stripping away the camouflage and leaving the metal structure visible. The Kuomintang white star on blue circle roundel was applied to the aircraft, and these aircraft were ready for use in the Chinese Civil War spanning 1945 to 1949. Use of the aircraft in combat is supported with little recognition and considering Chang Kai-Shek’s forces were receiving deliveries from the United States, it is believed that these aircraft were maintained as reserve aircraft, should supplies from the US have difficulties arriving.<ref name=":0">Wieliczko, L. (2005) ''Enigma: Nakajima Ki-84 Hayate''. Lublin: Kagero, pp. 63-75.</ref>

Alternately, Ki-84s were also requisitioned by the opposite faction of the Chinese Civil War, the People’s Liberation Army Air Force. These were seized from Manchuria and Northern China. Symbols representative of the PLAAF were applied to these aircraft and would establish these roundels as those which would represent the People's Republic of China’s Air Forces in future. Unlike the Kuomintang, these aircraft saw combat, though limited to ground attack missions. To better adopt Ki-84s into the PLAAF, the early period of the civil war saw Japanese pilots flying as demonstrators, instructing Chinese pilots and training mechanics on maintenance. This use would ultimately be limited by the lack of a producible parts supply and by the early 1950s, they were no longer a sustainable aircraft for the PLAAF thus disappearing from service.<ref name=":0" />

The Ki-84 was also captured by the United States immediately after the war, being thoroughly tested to draw comparisons against the [[P-47D-25|P-47 Thunderbolt]] and [[P-51D-30|P-51 Mustang]].<ref name=":0" />

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ki_84_ko_china Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|CBEmKedmvXw|'''The Ultimate Energy Fighter! Ki-84 Ko - China - Premium Review!''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/111031-nakajima-ki-84-i-ko/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

=== References ===
<references />

{{AirManufacturer Nakajima}}
{{China fighters}}
{{China premium aircraft}}

I-16 type 10 (China)

2022-02-01T19:27:19Z

U1619975: /* Usage in battles */

{{About
| about = fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = I-16 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=i-16_type10_china
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,160 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 430 || 413 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.0 || 18.9 || 14.7 || 14.7 || rowspan="2" | 210
|-
! Upgraded
| 467 || 453 || 15.9 || 16.7 || 24.8 || 19.8
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 260 || ~17 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 300 || < 240 || < 280 || > 190
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 2,900 m || 750 hp || 830 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 6 mm steel behind pilot
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (1 in front of pilot)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns, nose-mounted (600 rpg = 1,200 total)
* 2 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns, wing-mounted (900 rpg = 1,800 total)

The I-16 type 10 improves upon the [[I-16 type 5 (China)|I-16 type 5]]'s armament with addition of two extra 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns in the nose, bringing the armament more in line with other aircraft it faces. It should be noted that the nose machine guns have 200 rounds less ammo per gun than the wing guns so will run out sooner.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|RBS-82|RS-82}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 6 x RS-82 rockets
* 6 x RBS-82 rockets

This I-16 type 10 is the first I-16 in the Chinese tree to get access to rockets (or any other suspended ordnance for that matter). The rockets can be used effectively against both ground targets and air targets (with a suitable detonation distance set).

== Usage in battles ==


The I-16 can be used in turnfighting, bomber intercepting and ground pounding. However in this mode, its characteristics appear to be quite conflicting. It is excellent in turning tightly and continuously, yet when maneuvering it easily gets into uncontrollable spins which isn't beginner friendly. Also the rather big nose blocks the visibility a lot, offering very poor over-the-nose visibility which is a disadvantage in a turn fight, because when leading a shot the enemy will always get obstructed by the engine, making the player guess the shot. More ever, there is no trim control available in a sim battle and the I-16 always pitch up and down. Although not a lot, it is still annoying when trying to get a precise aim.

It is recommended to set the convergence within 300m, with vertical convergence on, because the majority of turnfights happen at that range or closer.

Sim is different from realistic, so discard the habit of bringing the least fuel. Bring at least 30 minutes of fuel, although it decreases the plane's performance a bit, it prevents constant refueling which saves time for patrolling and fighting.

As your I-16 roars down the runway, you will notice that it shifts severely to the side, and the nose will tip down. If you don't correct it it will eventually strike the ground, causing a failed takeoff. Thus you must put rudder input as opposed to the side it's shifting towards, and apply positive pitch to keep the propeller off the ground. You do not want to use flaps anywhere except takeoff and landing, since they are very weak and will rip at more than 260 km/h, while the average speed during a battle tends to be around 300 km/h. Once one or both flaps are gone it creates an imbalance in the roll axis, making spins more common. It also makes landing harder.

Before engaging a fight, it is better to have an altitude advantage first. When approaching the fight try to figure out which is your teammate and which is the enemy, to avoid going for a second pass, as the energy retention of the I-16 is rather slow. Also pick your target carefully. For easier aiming, you want to go for those unmaneuverble twin engine aircraft like [[Ju 88 (Family)|Ju 88]] or [[Ki-45 (Family)|Ki-45]], or bombers if there are any. Given the bad forward visibility of the I-16, these are the best options as they are quite slow and sluggish, and are a bigger target to hit. However getting hits on them tend to do little work, as your MGs lack damage. When dealing with fighters, it is way harder to aim. The elevator control of the I-16 is extremely sensitive, giving it good maneuverbility, but at the same time, bad handling. The I-16 will respond in a very fast turn upon moving your stick / mouse by a little bit, which makes tracking nimble planes quite hard. But once you get used to it, try to lure every enemy into a turnfight, as that is where the I-16 shines. Quite a bit of bullets are required to effectively damage the enemy so you must be patient. If you find an enemy at your 6, utilise your great roll rate to do defensive maneuvers like scissors to make them overshoot. Or you can simply do tight turns, most monoplanes won't be able to cut inside your turn and they might disengage. Important note: DO NOT put too much rolling and pitching input at once, as aforementioned the I-16 tend to enter spins easily.

If you are not very experienced in sim, you can also go for even bigger targets (bombers) for easier aiming. However you want to be more careful when hunting bombers, since with the Sim control (whether it be mouse joystick or a real stick) the plane will manoeuvre much more gently, making itself a great target for the bomber's gunners. DO NOT follow behind a bomber's 6 unless you are sure that its tail gunners are unconscious. Chasing behind a bomber makes yourself stationary for the tail gunners, and you will be showered with bullets. Your big radial engine will usually get damaged. Instead, before attacking, get an altitude advantage over the bomber by flying around 2 km above it. The bomber should only fill up about 1/6 of your gunsight. The best position for an attack is at the bomber's high 6 so you can adjust the lead much easier. Dive at the bomber, but not directly at it, try to predict where you two will crash by imagining yourself as a missile, that's where you should aim at (deflection shooting). To maximise the damage it is better to aim for their wings and engines, as the fuselage usually soaks up quite some bullets. Only fire when the bomber passes in front of your guns. This short window might seem inadequate to do anything, but with a accurate burst on the engine the 4 MG can at least damage it. With an engine damaged most bombers cannot go far.

Ground pounding ability is limited as there is only rockets. The 6 rockets, with accurate aiming, can destroy 3 targets, whether them be tanks or pillboxes. Once the suspended armaments are gone, the 4 MG are good for killing soft targets like trucks, artillery and AA cars.

Just like the SB 2M, the I-16 can still fly when it's extremely slow, causing it to bounce up during landing which can lead to a fatal crash. The trick is similar: slow it down more than other aircraft. Make sure you are around 1 km from the start of the runway and is no more than 300m high. When the runway fills up your gunsight, drop speed to around 210 kph and deploy landing flaps. The good thing is, the I-16 will not pitch up drastically upon using its flaps so you don't need to counter the extra lift. Make sure that you extend landing gears early as they move very slow (takes around 15 seconds to deploy). When you are about to touch down you should be flying at around 140 kph. You must control your rate of descent (I-16's gears are fragile) and make sure that you are slightly pitching upwards with the nose obstructing the horizon. This way the I-16 should land gently without having to brake for too long. Once you are sliding on the ground, fully deflect your elevators upwards to counter the momentum that can push the nose into the ground. You must release brakes once every 4 seconds, because if you only release them as the nose dips down, it's too late.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

[[Ki-27 otsu|Ki-27]], [[N1K1]], [[He 51 (Family)|He 51]], [[Gladiator (Family)|Gladiator]], etc;

Those commonly seen planes are equally good at turnfights and will be a hard target to down since they are very small and agile. To deal with them you need to practice leading and deflection shots, plus maneuvers like barrel rolls and scissors. They still need plenty of bullets to get damaged, so these kind of targets are the hardest to kill and requires great skills from the player.

[[He 111 H-6]]:

This bomber is not only quite durable, but also pretty fast. In level flight it can outrun the I-16 rather easily. Avoid being on its 6 as it will have at least 2x 7.92mm MG facing its tail, and their rapid firerate and good penetration is a big threat. Either go for a head-on or use deflection shooting and aim for its engines. If you cannot keep up with it, disengage. If it flies way higher than you, change your target.

[[Sunderland Mk IIIa|Sunderland]]:

This flying boat is like a low-tier [[Be-6]]. Its huge fuselage is very spacious and can absorb lots of bullets and shells. It also has lethal defensive firepower: two 7.7mm in the nose, four forward-facing, two on the top and four at the tail, so attacking from behind, in front or above aren't the best options. Dive under it and suddenly pull up to shoot its defenseless underpart. Aim at the engines, avoid shooting the fuselage.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent turning ability- with combat flaps deployed it can out-turn [[He 112 (Family)|He 112]], [[He 100 D-1|He 100]] and even turn fighters like the early [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]]
* Extreme roll rate allows it to do offensive / defensive scissors easily, which is an advantage over [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109]] and [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]] as their roll rate aren't as good
* 4 x ShKAS machine guns have good fire rate, adequate velocity and accuracy, and plenty of ammo (3,100 rounds total) for longer fights
* Suspended armament provides rockets and bombs which, to an extent, allows some ground attack ability
* Is a very short and small plane, offering the enemy a harder target to hit

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely poor level speed, climb rate, dive acceleration and energy retention- will get outran, out-climbed and out-dived easily by [[Bf 109 E-1|Bf 109 E]], He 100, and sometimes even struggles to keep up with bombers
* Engine tends to overheat when diving at more than 500 km/h
* Control surfaces are unresponsive over 450 km/h
* Flaps are very weak and will break over 250 km/h, severely limiting its sharp-turning potential at higher speeds
* No manual trim controls in Simulator which makes it hard to handle
* Although manoeuvrable, it can still get out-turned by biplanes like [[Ki-10 (Family)|Ki-10]] or [[He 51 (Family)|He-51]]
* Hard to fly in SB -- very unstable in pitch, poor over-the-nose visibility and is prone to enter flat spins

== History ==


On the 7th July 1937, fighting broke out between Chinese and Japanese forces, starting the Second Sino-Japanese War. When the war began the Chinese air force was using many obsolete aircraft such as the [[Hawk III]], which were no match for the Japanese A5M fighters.<ref name="PolikarpovAces">Maslov and Postlethwaite 2013</ref> China rapidly signed the Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact with the USSR, and as part of the agreement the Soviets began Operation Zet to secretly supply China with aircraft and pilots.

Between October 1937 and September 1939 the USSR delivered 885 aircraft (rising to 1,250 by 1941), including 216 Polikarpov I-16s, predominately Type 5s and Type 10s. At first the Soviet pilots would have to fly the aircraft over 1,500 miles across China to get them to their destination of Lanzhou, however this was a risky journey and so future batches of aircraft would be disassembled and transported to Hami (closer to Lanzhou), before final assembly and delivery to Lanzhou.<ref name="PolikarpovAces" /> The first I-16s were delivered in November 1937, however rushed training of the Chinese pilots meant many were lost to crashes. In Chinese service the I-16 became known as the "Lastochka" or "Swallow".<ref name="PolikarpovAces" /> In the early years of the war the I-16 was a capable fighter, however from 1939 onwards its performance was deemed to be lacking in comparison to newer fighters.

A number Chinese aces flew the I-16; among them Lo Ying-Teh who in 1938 shot down Japanese unit leader Lt Ryohei Ushioda's A5M2 in his I-16 type 5. Another ace to fly the I-16 was Liu Chi-Sheng who achieved 3 of his 10 kills while flying the I-16 type 5, along with another shared kill.<ref name="ChinaAces">Cheung and Davey 2015</ref>

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/520554-i-16-type-10-17/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[Wikipedia:Polikarpov_I-16|[Wikipedia<nowiki>]</nowiki> Polikarpov I-16]]
* [http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/china_ying-teh.htm Biplane fighter aces China - General Lo Ying-Teh]
* [http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/china_chi-sheng.htm Biplane fighter aces China - Major General Liu Chi-Sheng]
* [http://www.century-of-flight.freeola.com/Aviation%20history/WW2/aces/Liu%20Chi-Sheng.htm Aviation during World War 2 - Major General Liu Chi-Sheng]

===Citations===
<references />

===Bibliography===
Cheung, R., & Davey, C. (2015). Aces of the Republic of China Air Force. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing.

Maslov, M., & Postlethwaite, M. (2013). Polikarpov I-15, I-16 and I-153 Aces. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing.

{{AirManufacturer Polikarpov}}
{{China fighters}}

F-100A (China)

2022-02-01T19:04:01Z

U1619975: /* Usage in battles */

{{About
| about = jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = F-100 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f-100a_china
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].

The first supersonic jet available in the ROCAF fighter line of the China tree, the F-100A is an early variant of the famous "Super Sabre", though in Taiwanese service it received a number of upgrades to bring it up to par with later models. Compared to the fighter-bomber [[F-100D]], it has a smaller wing with a straight trailing edge, fewer hardpoints, and no flaps. It also has an early J57P7 engine that produces less thrust than the D model's J57P21. The speed and acceleration remain comparable since the F-100A weighs less.

The F-100A's handling generally feels lighter than the F-100D and it enjoys a better roll rate, though the lack of flaps impacts low speed manoeuvrability. The weapons selection is inferior: while it can still carry goodies like the AGM-12B Bullpup and the AIM-9B Sidewinder, its bomb selection is far more limited and it lacks access to unguided rockets and the more advanced AIM-9E Sidewinder. Still, it has a very solid gun armament of four M39A1 20 mm cannons. With careful speed management, the F-100A can swoop in and swiftly take down its enemies.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


As mentioned earlier, the F-100A handles like a lighter version of the F-100D. The acceleration is decent for an early supersonic jet but falls behind some contemporary 9.7 jets such as the [[J-6A]] and [[Q-5A]], not to mention the [[J-7II]] (9.3 in RB). The top speed is about the same as the [[Q-5 early]] and lower than the F-100D. Turning performance is generally similar or improved compared to the F-100D. It can pull harder, which is helpful for snapshots, but there is also a risk of snapping the wings off in hard turns at high speed. The roll rate is improved. Controls stiffen at supersonic speeds. The low speed handling is poor and there are no flaps to help out. Turning energy retention is quite good at high subsonic speeds and not great elsewhere.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 10,671 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,357 || 1,349 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 29.5 || 30.3 || 104.7 || 93.2 || rowspan="2" | 900
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,387 || 1,370 || 28.5 || 29.0 || 139.1 || 121.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || X || X || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || N/A || ~11 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 640 || < 540 || < 610 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Pratt & Whitney J57P7 || 1
| colspan="2" | 9,079 kg || colspan="2" | 315 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 9m fuel || 20m fuel || 31m fuel
|-
| 900 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 9,737 kg || 10,489 kg || 11,272 kg || 13,141 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 9m fuel || 20m fuel || 31m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,383 kgf || 5,616 kgf
| 0.58 || 0.54 || 0.50 || 0.43
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 4,004 kgf (1,200 km/h) || 8,056 kgf (1,200 km/h)
| 0.83 || 0.77 || 0.71 || 0.61
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 64 mm bulletproof glass: windscreen
* 12.7 mm steel: behind pilot

For post-war fighter jets wanted to take advantage of the newer jet technology and maximize both speed and ordnance carried. To keep up speed and maximize ordnance, something had to give and that came with pilot survivability. The idea is to be faster than the enemy which would make it really difficult for them to get a targeting solution on you. Though the F-100A does have protection for the pilot, it isn't much and leaves the rest of the critical components virtually unprotected with armour. For the pilot, the back of the seat and headrest maintains a continuous piece of steel at 12.7 mm thick and the windscreen is rated at 64 mm bulletproof windscreen. Typically this type of protection is meant more for protection from defensive turret attacks from bombers rather than gun attacks from other aircraft.

The F-100A is a relatively sturdy aircraft and can take a beating before critical components begin to fail. While the engine and the pilot are important to protect as much as possible (without the engine you don't go and without the pilot…you don't go…) the wings are another critical component which you must protect as hits to the wings can make flying very difficult or send you to the respawn point. If being tailed by another aircraft try to speed away because if you try to pull up, turn to the side or pull-down, you risk exposing increased surface area of the skin, giving the enemy pilot more to shoot at and a greater opportunity of taking out a wing. If possible, increase speed and sway back and forth, even some very shallow elevator dips up and down maybe enough to throw off the sighting of the enemy pilot and spray his bullets all around you without exposing very much surface area of the jet, however, if there is a missile launch, take evasive action to avoid the missile and worry about the guns later.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M39A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm M39A1 cannons, chin-mounted (200 rpg = 800 total)

The M39A1 cannons are one of the F-100A's main selling points. They are revolver cannons with a rapid rate of fire, high muzzle velocity, and good stopping power. The four of them together provide a burst mass that approaches the [[M61 (20 mm)|M61 Vulcan]] without any spool-up delay and the ammo supply of 200 rounds per gun is quite generous.

The Ground Targets belt is a good all-round choice. Its AP-I rounds deal heavy kinetic damage with a high fire chance and the sheer volume of bullets will make short work of air targets. Thinly armoured ground targets such as light tanks and SPAAs are also easy prey. Other belts are still good options against air targets for those desiring HE rounds and explosive damage.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|M117 cone 45 (750 lb)|AN-M65A1 Fin M129 (1,000 lb)|AGM-12B Bullpup|AIM-9B Sidewinder}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 2 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 2 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles
* 4 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles

The F-100A's only air-to-air ordnance is the humble AIM-9B Sidewinder missile. It has poor tracking and manoeuvrability, so an attentive opponent can dodge them with a single well-timed turn. Still, they are helpful on occasion and give the F-100A more flexibility. Up to 4 can be carried, which is a capacity advantage over the J-6A and J-7II.

The F-100A does not have many options for ground attack, which reflects its status as a dedicated fighter model retrofitted with new ordnance as opposed to the F-100D, which was designed from the outset to lug around literal tons of bombs and rockets. The two hardpoints can carry two bombs or two AGM-12B air-to-ground missiles. In the bomb department, neither the 750 lb nor 1000 lb bombs are adequate for serious base-bombing in Air RB, but the latter can do some decent work against ground vehicles. The Bullpups are keyboard-guided MCLOS missiles that are a common sight on US jet aircraft. They take some practice to use, but once mastered they allow the F-100A to engage enemy tanks and ground vehicles from several kilometers away for precise and safe kills. Many of the later ROCAF aircraft such as the [[F-104G (China)|F-104G]] also feature Bullpups, so the F-100A offers a good platform to get familiar with them.

== Usage in battles ==

==='''Air Battles'''===
The F-100A is an early supersonic jet. Its speed, acceleration, and high speed handling are not the greatest for its battle rating, where it often faces much more advanced aircraft, but it does have lethal weapons and enough good qualities to get by. It is important to know the strengths and weaknesses of its opponents.

The general playstyle for the Super Sabres is to build up speed and try to maintain it, because once it is gone, the poor low-speed handling becomes a major issue and the subpar acceleration makes it hard to recover quickly. At the start of the match, it is generally a good idea to fly to the side and avoid entering battle directly. This gives the F-100A time to build speed, altitude, and energy without getting surprised by fast or airspawned opponents. Enter combat at high speed and look for vulnerable targets. Enemies that are flying in straight lines can be surprised with an AIM-9B. If they are manoeuvring and/or aware of your position, the guns might work better. The F-100A can turn well enough in the short term to credibly threaten most opponents and the excellent guns will seal the deal if you can outplay them, but remember to manage its speed as the situation requires: fly too quickly and there will be issues with control compression and wing overload, fly too slowly and the F-100A will be in trouble as stated before. Take advantage of the improved roll rate compared to the F-100D in rolling scissors manoeuvres.

Air-to-air missiles are an issue because the F-100A has no countermeasures. Early missiles like the AIM-9B and R-3S are easy to dodge by turning, but doing so will force the F-100A to lose some speed and energy. The F-100A can outrun missiles if they are launched from some distance away, so this is another reason to maintain speed. Perform some light manoeuvres to drain the missile's energy as necessary. Some opponents like the [[AV-8A]] and [[MiG-21 SPS-K (Germany)|MiG-21 SPS-K]] have advanced missiles that are difficult to counter, so be extra cautious.

==='''Ground Battles'''===

The F-100A is a handy accompaniment to ground lineups as well. It is the first aircraft in the Chinese tech tree with access to air-to-ground missiles and its supersonic speed makes it easier to dodge gunfire and fly to and from the airfield in between sorties. The two Bullpups can destroy enemies from safe distances (2-3 km away) upon a direct hit or near miss. This does require some good eyesight or spotting assistance by friendly light tanks. The missile capacity is low, but the F-100A can stick around for gun runs if there are no SPAAs around or otherwise quickly return to base to restock. Despite not being an attacker aircraft, the F-100A is arguably more practical than the [[Q-5 early]] and [[Q-5A]] simply because of the utility that the Bullpups offer compared to unguided weapons.

Be on the lookout for SAM vehicles because they may be able to engage the F-100A even from long distances, and the F-100A cannot drop chaff to disrupt radar locks or spoof IR missiles. If you spot a missile launch, perform evasive manoeuvres and try to keep a low profile while the vehicle is still around.

===Radars===

The F-100A is equipped with an AN/APG-30 rangefinding radar, located in the nose of the aircraft.
It will automatically detect other planes within the scanning area and display the range to the closest target. It is linked with a gyro gunsight and can help with aiming at close range.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | AN/APG-30 - Rangefinding radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 2,750 m || 300 m || ±9° || ±9°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent guns that have both high muzzle velocity, rate of fire, plenty of ammo (200 rpg), and pack a good punch with high-explosive and armour-piercing shells
* Can carry up to four AIM-9B missiles
* Access to AGM-12B Bullpup missiles for ground attack
* Fast and out-accelerates both MiG-15s and MiG-17s
* Good manoeuvrability for a large supersonic jet

'''Cons:'''

* Sluggish at slow speeds, no flaps
* Acceleration is not very fast in its class
* Suffers from severe lock-up past Mach 1
* Loses a lot of energy when trying to turn around at high speed

== History ==


In the early Cold War era, the Republic of China Air Force was equipped with US jet aircraft like the [[F-86F-30 (China) | F-86 Sabre]] and [[F-84G-21-RE_(China) | F-84 Thunderjet]], which were used in clashes with the People's Republic of China over the Taiwan Straits. Amid growing conflict in 1958, a number of assorted F-100 Super Sabres were delivered to Taiwan, including the F-100A, the two-seat F-100F, and the reconnaissance RF-100A. The former were upgraded with a number of features from the latest F-100D, such as a taller vertical tail fin and wiring for Sidewinder missiles. Another batch of F-100s was delivered in the 1970s and the type remained in service until the 1980s.

The F-100 was not an easy aircraft to handle and several were lost in accidents. The details of their combat experiences are unclear. They may have fought with PLAAF jets but it is unknown if any kills or losses were scored. The RF-100As in particular were only used for about two years before being returned to the United States due to unsatisfactory capabilities and maintenance issues. The ROCAF was the only foreign user of the F-100A.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f-100a_china Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/479186-f-100a-super-sabre/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer NAA}}
{{China jet aircraft}}

P-47D-23-RA (China)

2022-02-01T18:59:52Z

U1619975: /* Usage in battles */

{{About
| about = fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = P-47 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=p-47d_23_ra_china_rocaf
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,071 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 689 || 673 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.2 || 25.0 || 10.4 || 10.4 || rowspan="2" | 700
|-
! Upgraded
| 742 || 714 || 21.9 || 23.0 || 18.7 || 14.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 498 || 469 || 320 || ~13 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 402 || < 420 || < 470 || > 335
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The pilot and fuel tanks have decent armour protection from the front, but the engine is vulnerable from the front. The pilot has no armour protection from the rear, leaving him vulnerable.

* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Windshield
* 9.5 mm Steel - Below windshield
* 9.5 mm Steel - Behind engine, in front of fuel tanks and pilot
* Self-sealing fuel tanks

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 8 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (425 rpg = 3,400 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb (500 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs + 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb (2,500 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==
The P-47 can perform base-bombing, ground pounding, bomber intercepting and traditional BnZ fighting. Sim is different from realistic, so discard the habit of bringing the least fuel. Bring at least 30 minutes of fuel, although it decreases the plane's performance a bit, it prevents constant refueling which saves time for patrolling and fighting.

For base bombing, choose the maximum setup of 1 x 500 lbs and 2 x 1,000 lbs to maximise the damage. The fastest way to get to a base is to remain at tree-top level upon taking off. This way there is no need to climb so the P-47 can pick up quite some speed like that, even with the full bombload. It is also harder to be seen, since the P-47's dark colour will blend in with the ground for some maps. When approaching the base, check its position with the minimap to ensure it's the right target. When the base fills up the gunsight, pull up to around 500 m and then dive at the base at a rather shallow angle. When the gunsight slices past the furthest edge of the base, release all the bombs, bank to the direction of the nearest friendly airfield, descend back to tree-top level and fly back. If you are lucky, you might even catch some enemy bombers that just took-off from a nearby airfield. They will be some nice RP for you. Overall, base bombing is the safest way to get rewards but not the most efficient.

For ground pounding, you can choose to take the full bombload if you want. Use the bombs to take out pillboxes and tanks. The aiming method for bombs is pretty similar to base bombing, but there are differences for the 500 lb and 1000 lb, as their drop are different and you want to adapt the aim to be more precise, because now the targets are much smaller. Dive at a shallow angle to approach the target, try to get as close as possible but avoid crashing into the ground. When the gunsight slices through and just above the target, drop the 1000 lbs. When the target is at the center of the gunsight and fills up around 1/3 of it, release the 500 lb. The 8 MGs are perfect for killing trucks, AA guns and artilleries as they have plenty of ammo. However, constantly watch your surrounding, especially your high 6 for any incoming enemies.

You want to be more careful when hunting bombers, since with the Sim control (whether it be mouse joystick or a real stick) the plane will manoeuvre much more gently, making itself a great target for the bomber's gunners. DO NOT follow behind a bomber's 6 unless you are sure that its tail gunners are unconscious. Chasing behind a bomber makes yourself pretty much stationary for the tail gunners, and you will be showered with bullets. The big radial engine of the P-47 will usually get damaged. Instead, before launching an attack, get an altitude advantage over the bomber by flying around 2 km above it. The bomber should only fill up about 1/6 of your gunsight. The best position for an attack is at the bomber's high 6 so you can adjust the lead much easier. Dive at the bomber, but not directly at it, try to predict where you two will crash by imagining yourself as a missile, that's where you should aim at (deflection shooting). To maximise the damage it is better to aim for their wings and engines, as the fuselage usually soaks up quite some bullets. Only fire when the bomber passes in front of your guns. This short window might seems inadequate to do anything, but the 8 MG on the P-47 are actually quite destructive, as sometimes it only takes one bullet to set the target aflame.

As for dogfighting, because almost all aerial battles in Sim occurs at below 3,000 m, the P-47 can easily climb to this altitude and gather up lots of speed before engaging a battle. The tactic is similar to the RB one above. If, unfortunately, you find yourself being chased at your 6 and you don't know how to do any defensive manoeuvres, do a large, smooth turn towards the nearest friendly airfield to avoid bleeding too much speed. Then shallow-dive towards your airfield. The P-47 can quite easily outrun opponents like the A6M or Bf-109 E, but struggles to outrun Bf-109 F/G, FW-190 A or other P-47. Another way of disengaging is to do a sudden split-S to dodge under the chaser. Average Sim players will now try and see where you went, if not immediately losing track of you. You can then run for your airfield or shallow climb for another attack.

=== Simulator & Enduring Confrontation ===
In Simulator & Enduring Confrontation, bulkier planes that suffer in AB & RB shine and that of course includes the P-47. This plane is a great learning platform for new EC players since in Sim, the P-47 has great control handling, fast speed, and a wide range of additional armaments of bombs, plus the original 8 x .50 cal, meaning it is an excellent multi-role aircraft. However, comparing to the later Jugs with all-clear bubble canopy, the razorback P-47 has worse visibility. The front have quite some frames around the gunsight, but they are thin which is a good news. The sides are overall unaffected. The rear view, however, is greatly obstructed by the razorback, preventing the pilot from seeing what's on the tail which can be fatal sometimes.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* [[Me 264]]: This giant is one of the few bombers who get air spawns in Sim, so it usually flies higher than many would think. On top of this, the Me 264 is armed with large calibre MG and cannons all over it, therefore tailing a 264 is basically suicide unless all of their gunners are knocked out. Treat the 264 almost like a B-29 or B-17 as they are very similar in both design and defensive capabilities. It is best to head-on the 264 if possible to easily knock out the pilots due to its glazed nose while also taking minimal damage. However the bomber lacks a ventral turret on its belly, making it easy to deal damage from below, but be wary of the downwards facing rear 20 mm cannon near the tail. The safest way to attack is from a higher altitude, dive at an oblique angle and focus fire on the wings and nose. Never engage if the P-47 haa no altitude advantage.

* [[Bf 110 (Family)|Bf 110]], [[Ki-45 (Family)|Ki-45]], [[A-26 (Family)|A-26]]: As mentioned before, those twin engine aircraft are a big threat since their lack of manoeuvrability comparing to single engine fighters are minimised in Sim. They are usually armed with heavy guns & cannons in the nose, so an accurate burst will tear any plane apart, including the P-47. The P-47 manoeuvres rather sluggishly and the plane might get out-turned from even those heavy fighters, so engage them with either altitude or speed advantage to avoid being targeted. If they are not manoeuvring aggressively, aim for their wings or engines. If the fight is intense and the P-47D-22 RE pilot cannot smooth the aim, just burst anywhere as long as the guns hit them, the 12.7 mm bullets will damage their flight models quite a bit.
* [[Yak-2 KABB]]: Do not think that the P-47D-22 RE can confidently out maneuver this plane just because it is twin-engined. The Yak-2 has an amazing turn rate for a heavy fighter, thus the P-47D-22 RE must avoid turning with it, if not dogfighting with it in general. It bears a pair of ShVAK cannons that can easily damage vital parts like engine or cooling systems. It has green camo, greatly resembling an Me 410 but with an H-tail like a Bf 110's.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 1 gear || Auto controlled
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great bomber destroyer against a lone bomber
* Excellent high altitude performance
* If taken care of, can easily fly without half a wing
* Muscle car with wings, excellent at Boom and Zoom tactics
* 8 M2 Browning machine guns are accurate at a longer range than most cannons at its BR
* High speed, even while stock
* Very durable which semi-compensates with its lacklustre turn rate
* Plenty of ammo which is forgiving for bad aimers / beginners
* Can easily escape enemies with its high speed for its rank
* Great multirole aircraft, can carry various bombs and rockets, acting as an interceptor or ground-attack aircraft
* Is a nice platform to get use to the later P-47 with better speed & loadout

'''Cons:'''

* Frontal armour can easily be penetrated by 20 mm rounds
* Can easily snap a wing when even the slightest gunfire hits it
* Poor stall characteristics
* Mediocre climb performance (side climbing recommended)
* Slow and hard to manoeuvre at low altitudes
* Larger than average fighter
* Poor overall performance when mounting payloads
* After attacking ground targets, the P-47 lacks the altitude to Boom & Zoom enemy fighters
* Big engine easily hit during a head-on attack
* Worse cockpit visibility than in the other bubble canopy P-47s
* No armour protection for pilot from behind

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=p-47d_23_ra_china_rocaf Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/497251-p-47d-22/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Republic}}
{{China fighters}}

Talk:F-105D

2021-12-22T15:56:21Z

U1619975: Removed claiming article - claiming articles is not allowed, anyone is allowed to work on any in game vehicle article

== Description = Introduction??? ==

Wouldn't it be better to call the "description" section the "Introduction" instead? It makes far more sense from an english standpoint.

--[[User:U77215690|Aussie_Mantis]] ([[User talk:U77215690|talk]]) 13:30, 21 December 2021 (UTC)

Please do not change the section headers, they are what they are - For any suggestions & feedback please use for the War Thunder forums to provide it.

--[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 15:56, 22 December 2021 (UTC)

User talk:U44629479

2021-09-11T13:55:56Z

U1619975: /* Undoing changes */

= Talk page =
Hello Colok76286, it will be better for people to use this talk page to contact you and post questions/information as all posts here are immediately viewable and do not require a moderator to approve the message which is necessary on the User page. You can use your user page to annotate areas you are working on (such as the torpedoes) and maybe provide status updates on what you are specifically working on (it's up to you it is your space to work with). Also, using the talk page alerts you when you log back in that someone has left a new message for you, whereas this does not happen with the User Page. Good luck working with the torpedoes, they do need a little love and there is a lot of good information out there about them. -[[User:U64962917|U64962917]] ([[User talk:U64962917|talk]]) 12:21, 29 January 2020 (UTC)

= Award Request images =
Hello there!
First of all, thank you for all the edits you've been doing thus far on the Wiki.
I was looking through all the past edits in the last month, and noticed all the image work you and Jareel did. Given that many of the requested/missing award images are now up, do you still need the original award images?

Water multistrike--[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 07:32, 7 February 2020 (UTC)
: Hello, I don't need the pictures I uploaded anymore. You can totally delete them. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 11:32, 7 February 2020 (UTC)

=Tank mobility=
Hi! Thank you for your hard work but I basically made all the edits you've done obsolete. The wiki has a database with the tank weights, max speed, and spaded engine horsepowers(you can see them in the sidebar) so I made a template that taps into that and generated everything aside from stock engine power and addon armor weight. If you want to switch to the template then use <nowiki>{{tankMobility|abMinHp= number|rbMinHp= number|}}</nowiki>--[[User:U30585107|U30585107]] ([[User talk:U30585107|talk]]) 16:24, 7 February 2020 (UTC)
: That's even better. Thanks. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 21:07, 7 February 2020 (UTC)
::I don't think anyone has done any major errorchecking on the numbers. So if it's just 1 off like for max speed, I'd give it a pass as a rounding issue. If it's more than that send a message to the wiki admins. In the mean time you can overwrite the numbers with the parameters shown here [[Template:TankMobility]]--[[User:U30585107|U30585107]] ([[User talk:U30585107|talk]]) 15:49, 9 February 2020 (UTC)
Wow, great job, congrats on finally managing to add the template to every single tank page! We really appreciate the work you've put in here! - [[User:U38088265|U38088265]] ([[User talk:U38088265|talk]]) 11:10, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

:There is something weird going on with the tank mobility tables, as they seem to only have stock engine power now and last field says "division by 0". You might want to take a look at this? --[[User:U42773747|U42773747]] ([[User talk:U42773747|talk]]) 06:25, 26 July 2021 (UTC)

= Forum profile =
Hello Colok76286,

Could you please send/give me a link to your war thunder forum profile.

Kindest Regards
Wiki Team
--[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 01:05, 5 March 2020 (UTC)

Please see your forum PM o7 --[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 23:04, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

= Indexing =
Thanks for updating the information regarding the quotation/question mark issue. I did not realize the question marks caused problems with indexing, good to know, I learn something new every day! Thanks! --[[User:U64962917|U64962917]] ([[User talk:U64962917|talk]]) 21:19, 8 March 2020 (UTC)
: Yes, I tried searching for tables with missing values replaced by ?.??, ??.??, ??? or ???? but the Wiki search engine returned no results. On the other hand, when searching for missing values filled with _.__, __._, __.__, __. ___ or ____, the search results were correct. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 22:40, 8 March 2020 (UTC)

= List of images for deletion/modification =

== Files for deletion ==
Files deleted --[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 07:50, 11 September 2020 (UTC)

Done --[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 10:16, 20 October 2020 (UTC)

;Other images
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Matchmaker_Bf109SBMode.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:GarageImage P-39Q-15 (USSR).png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:GarageImage He 112 B-1 U2.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:GarageImage Do 17 E-1.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:GarageImage_Sea_Meteor_F_Mk_3.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Garage_Image_-_Potez_631.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:MTB 1.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:W.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Su-6 Modifications .png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:2020-11-08 (1).png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:EBR.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:EBR xray.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:MIG -21 PFM Parked in a Hanger.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:T72A_top.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:T72Aside.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Ammoracks Object 906.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Germany Flag.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Ammorack of the VCC-80 Dardo (ATGM).png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
</ul></div>

= m60t sabra to m60(family) =

i added sabra writing to m60(family) can you look what i have done? https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/506818-m60t-aka-sabra-mk-ii [[User:U73853576|U73853576]] ([[User talk:U73853576|talk]]) 09:38, 23 December 2020 (UTC)

= About References and sources; and user-created video guides. =

Hey there, it has come to my attention that one of the many topics that need some polishing (or filling as we'd call it back in the day) is torpedoes in general: first off, standardizing sources to simply Wikipedia (nowadays it works just well enough!) or rather other kind of military sources? (for example and as many people do, simply source the references with Wikipedia's sources instead of citing Wikipedia itself as the source).
Second, I believe it would be a great addition but rather high-effort to make video demonstrations of torpedo launches on aircraft, but that would need streamlining for the how-to as well (with technicalities such as video format, size, duration, which aircraft to choose in regards to torpedo models that can be used by several different planes, etc etc.); but I would not simply go and do it before a good format to follow. I invite anyone who wants to discuss that matter to my talk page as well: but I hope it is a topic that wants to be discussed. Keep up the good work!
I personally will focus on British torpedo pages for now; simply because it's the nation I personally have the most fleshed out.
--[[User:U47850888|U47850888]] ([[User talk:U47850888|talk]]) 09:28, 10 April 2021 (UTC)

= Torpedoes =
I will try and create a template for torpedo specs (Explosive mass, speed, etc), will post here for approval or modification (don't worry, I'm very used to waiting for mods to look onto templates) while I note down British torpedoes' stats ingame. --[[User:U47850888|U47850888]] ([[User talk:U47850888|talk]]) 10:06, 10 April 2021 (UTC)
: Templates for torpedoes already exist: [[WSP Table Templates#Ammunition]], see the table "Torpedo characteristics". Here is an example implemented: [[MTB-1 1 series#Additional armament]] --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 11:32, 10 April 2021 (UTC)

:: Thank you! I should've checked in first: then would be adding it to torpedo pages be okay (as I plan to)? Rather than it belonging only on the vehicle pages, it should be on the torpedo's page as well in my opinion, as for example, it is present on Naval vehicles, but isn't included for Air vehicles (In this case, the MTB-1 uses the [[18 inch Mark XII (450 mm)]] but the other users of the torpedo, such as the [[Beaufighter Mk VIc#Suspended Armament]]).

= Events =
Thanks for your comprehensive events summary, it's ridiculous this is not official part of the wiki.
Since the content of your Summer event page has not been approved, could you please include the template here also? [[User:U105837429|U105837429]] ([[User talk:U105837429|talk]]) 10:45, 10 May 2021 (UTC)

= Regarding your recent reversion on "[[F-4C Phantom II]]" =

You didn't state any reason for the reversion, so I was just looking to see why it was done so it might not happen again. Did you take issue with the performance facts I listed? From my use of the aircraft in game that is the reality of how it performs. If you have it unlocked you could try it out yourself in a test flight (or a match if you want to blow the lions), it really isn't able to climb to its listed altitude or achieve its max speed on arcade, realistic, or simulator.
--[[User:U4885444|U4885444]] ([[User talk:U4885444|talk]]) 04:17, 24 May 2021 (UTC)
:I asked for a 2nd opinion and most of your edits have been approved. Two points to keep in mind for future edits: 1) do not modify table templates and 2) if you find that a plane does not perform like it should historically, please file a bug report. Thank you,
--[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 11:20, 24 May 2021 (UTC)

= Removal of ammo rack information on the Ka-Chi =

I noticed you removed the information I filled in on the ammo racks of the Ka-Chi, I'm new to the wiki and I was wondering why you did this. I got the information myself from in-game (although it crashed my computer after I got the numbers on the first one so I decided not to continue), and I'm very confident the information I added on them was correct. Thanks! --[[User:U55492223|U55492223]] ([[User talk:U55492223|talk]]) 14:13, 13 August 2021 (UTC)
:We don't accept partially filled tables for ammoracks, only fully filled tables. I filled the table and included your remarks. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 14:36, 13 August 2021 (UTC)
::Ah so that is why, thank you! Also I can't believe I didn't notice the ammo rack in the turret being empty when I was getting the information. Thanks again! --[[User:U55492223|U55492223]] ([[User talk:U55492223|talk]]) 19:21, 13 August 2021 (UTC)

== Undoing changes ==

Hi
I have made many changes for the better in the wiki, but they keep getting undone. I would like to know why.-AngryDoggo2222
Hello, please send one of the wiki team a PM on the war thunder forums or myself, we will happily explain but we will not disclose any moderation action on a public page. Have a great weekend! --[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 13:55, 11 September 2021 (UTC)

Strv 103 (Family)

2021-09-08T20:46:42Z

U1619975: /* Vehicles based on Strv 103 chassis */ Not ready

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Strv 103 (Family)}}
== History ==


The Stridsvagn 103 (Strv 103), also known as the "S-Tank", is a Swedish post-World War II main battle tank, designed and manufactured in Sweden by Bofors AB (and to some extent Landsverk AB). It was developed in the late 1950s to the mid 1960s and was the first main battle tank to use a turbine engine and the first, and so far only service tank to not feature a turret. While some might argue that the S-Tank is not a tank, or that turretless casemate vehicles can be called tanks, it is a fact that the S-Tank was designed as, deployed as and used as a tank by the Swedish army. Besides lacking a turret it was however the first tank with a fixed main gun, meaning that the gun was fixed in the hull on both the X-axis and Y-axis. To aim the gun horizontally the entire vehicle had to be steered side to side (same as the hull gun on the [[B1 bis]]). To aim vertically the tank used a new type of controllable suspension, probably also a first in the world, that allowed the tank to tilt forwards and backwards using gas-hydraulic hydropneumatics.

The name "S-Tank" is not an English nickname for the tank, but actually a translation of the Swedish name "Stridsvagn S". Stridsvagn S was the name given to the design during its development and it also became the product name for it after development had finished. The "S" in the name S-Tank refers to Sweden (Sverige) and it was one of three base-designs that competed against each other to become Sweden's next generation MBT during the mid to late 1950s. The other two base-designs were called "A-Tank" (Stridsvagn A) and "T-Tank" (Stridsvagn T). The A-Tank (Amerika / America) was a turreted heavily armored MBT that followed the design principles of the Americans and British (such as the [[M48 Patton (Family)|M48 Patton]] and [[Centurion (Family)|Centurion]]), while the T-Tank (Tyskland / Germany) was a turreted lightly armoured MBT that followed the design-principles of the Germans and the French (such as the [[Leopard (Disambiguation)|Leopard 1]] and [[AMX-30 (Family)|AMX-30]]).
== Vehicles ==
{{Family-card
|title = Strv 103-0
|img = File:GarageImage_Strv_103-0.jpg
|wiki = Strv_103-0
|text = Strv 103-0 is the prototype series before the head series with Strv 103A got delivered to the Swedish army. After the trial of the two trial vehicles S1 and S2 in 1961, Sweden ordered 10 pre-series Strv 103 which would become the 0-series.

[[Strv 103-0|'''Click here to read more''']]

}}

{{Family-card
|title = Strv 103A
|img = File:GarageImage_Strv_103A.jpg
|wiki = Strv_103A
|text = 1967 the Strv 103A started to deliver to the army, a total of 70 Strv 103As were ordered to the army as the first series production. Strv 103A had a 300hk powered gasturbine that during delivery proved to be not quite effective and would be required a change in the upcoming version of the Strv 103. Directly when the S tank got delivered instructor courses began and it was not till 1968 that the first conscripts go the education on the Strv 103 "S" systems.

[[Strv 103A|'''Click here to read more''']]

}}

{{Family-card
|title = Strv 103C
|img = File:GarageImage_Strv_103C.jpg
|wiki = Strv_103C
|text = Strv 103C is the last official series of the S tank, in the army decision 1972 and 1982 it was decided that getting a new tank for the army was going to be post-pone to the 1990's and the Swedish army at time would foucs on a lighter combat vehicles. So to modernize the S tanks the Strv 103B's had to go through a renovation with upgrading the systems and improve the vehicles in a so called REMO (Renovation and Modification) process and it was not till 1986 the first Strv 103B got its REMO done and got designated Strv 103C

[[Strv 103C|'''Click here to read more''']]
}}



[[Category:Family pages]]

Strv 103 (Family)

2021-09-08T20:46:03Z

U1619975:

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Strv 103 (Family)}}
== History ==


The Stridsvagn 103 (Strv 103), also known as the "S-Tank", is a Swedish post-World War II main battle tank, designed and manufactured in Sweden by Bofors AB (and to some extent Landsverk AB). It was developed in the late 1950s to the mid 1960s and was the first main battle tank to use a turbine engine and the first, and so far only service tank to not feature a turret. While some might argue that the S-Tank is not a tank, or that turretless casemate vehicles can be called tanks, it is a fact that the S-Tank was designed as, deployed as and used as a tank by the Swedish army. Besides lacking a turret it was however the first tank with a fixed main gun, meaning that the gun was fixed in the hull on both the X-axis and Y-axis. To aim the gun horizontally the entire vehicle had to be steered side to side (same as the hull gun on the [[B1 bis]]). To aim vertically the tank used a new type of controllable suspension, probably also a first in the world, that allowed the tank to tilt forwards and backwards using gas-hydraulic hydropneumatics.

The name "S-Tank" is not an English nickname for the tank, but actually a translation of the Swedish name "Stridsvagn S". Stridsvagn S was the name given to the design during its development and it also became the product name for it after development had finished. The "S" in the name S-Tank refers to Sweden (Sverige) and it was one of three base-designs that competed against each other to become Sweden's next generation MBT during the mid to late 1950s. The other two base-designs were called "A-Tank" (Stridsvagn A) and "T-Tank" (Stridsvagn T). The A-Tank (Amerika / America) was a turreted heavily armored MBT that followed the design principles of the Americans and British (such as the [[M48 Patton (Family)|M48 Patton]] and [[Centurion (Family)|Centurion]]), while the T-Tank (Tyskland / Germany) was a turreted lightly armoured MBT that followed the design-principles of the Germans and the French (such as the [[Leopard (Disambiguation)|Leopard 1]] and [[AMX-30 (Family)|AMX-30]]).
== Vehicles ==
{{Family-card
|title = Strv 103-0
|img = File:GarageImage_Strv_103-0.jpg
|wiki = Strv_103-0
|text = Strv 103-0 is the prototype series before the head series with Strv 103A got delivered to the Swedish army. After the trial of the two trial vehicles S1 and S2 in 1961, Sweden ordered 10 pre-series Strv 103 which would become the 0-series.

[[Strv 103-0|'''Click here to read more''']]

}}

{{Family-card
|title = Strv 103A
|img = File:GarageImage_Strv_103A.jpg
|wiki = Strv_103A
|text = 1967 the Strv 103A started to deliver to the army, a total of 70 Strv 103As were ordered to the army as the first series production. Strv 103A had a 300hk powered gasturbine that during delivery proved to be not quite effective and would be required a change in the upcoming version of the Strv 103. Directly when the S tank got delivered instructor courses began and it was not till 1968 that the first conscripts go the education on the Strv 103 "S" systems.

[[Strv 103A|'''Click here to read more''']]

}}

{{Family-card
|title = Strv 103C
|img = File:GarageImage_Strv_103C.jpg
|wiki = Strv_103C
|text = Strv 103C is the last official series of the S tank, in the army decision 1972 and 1982 it was decided that getting a new tank for the army was going to be post-pone to the 1990's and the Swedish army at time would foucs on a lighter combat vehicles. So to modernize the S tanks the Strv 103B's had to go through a renovation with upgrading the systems and improve the vehicles in a so called REMO (Renovation and Modification) process and it was not till 1986 the first Strv 103B got its REMO done and got designated Strv 103C

[[Strv 103C|'''Click here to read more''']]
}}

== Vehicles based on Strv 103 chassis ==


[[Category:Family pages]]

Strv 103 (Family)

2021-09-08T20:45:42Z

U1619975:

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Strv 103 (Family)}}
== History ==


The Stridsvagn 103 (Strv 103), also known as the "S-Tank", is a Swedish post-World War II main battle tank, designed and manufactured in Sweden by Bofors AB (and to some extent Landsverk AB). It was developed in the late 1950s to the mid 1960s and was the first main battle tank to use a turbine engine and the first, and so far only service tank to not feature a turret. While some might argue that the S-Tank is not a tank, or that turretless casemate vehicles can be called tanks, it is a fact that the S-Tank was designed as, deployed as and used as a tank by the Swedish army. Besides lacking a turret it was however the first tank with a fixed main gun, meaning that the gun was fixed in the hull on both the X-axis and Y-axis. To aim the gun horizontally the entire vehicle had to be steered side to side (same as the hull gun on the [[B1 bis]]). To aim vertically the tank used a new type of controllable suspension, probably also a first in the world, that allowed the tank to tilt forwards and backwards using gas-hydraulic hydropneumatics.

The name "S-Tank" is not an English nickname for the tank, but actually a translation of the Swedish name "Stridsvagn S". Stridsvagn S was the name given to the design during its development and it also became the product name for it after development had finished. The "S" in the name S-Tank refers to Sweden (Sverige) and it was one of three base-designs that competed against each other to become Sweden's next generation MBT during the mid to late 1950s. The other two base-designs were called "A-Tank" (Stridsvagn A) and "T-Tank" (Stridsvagn T). The A-Tank (Amerika / America) was a turreted heavily armored MBT that followed the design principles of the Americans and British (such as the [[M48 Patton (Family)|M48 Patton]] and [[Centurion (Family)|Centurion]]), while the T-Tank (Tyskland / Germany) was a turreted lightly armoured MBT that followed the design-principles of the Germans and the French (such as the [[Leopard (Disambiguation)|Leopard 1]] and [[AMX-30 (Family)|AMX-30]]).

== Vehicles ==
{{Family-card
|title = Strv 103-0
|img = File:GarageImage_Strv_103-0.jpg
|wiki = Strv_103-0
|text = Strv 103-0 is the prototype series before the head series with Strv 103A got delivered to the Swedish army. After the trial of the two trial vehicles S1 and S2 in 1961, Sweden ordered 10 pre-series Strv 103 which would become the 0-series.

[[Strv 103-0|'''Click here to read more''']]

}}

{{Family-card
|title = Strv 103A
|img = File:GarageImage_Strv_103A.jpg
|wiki = Strv_103A
|text = 1967 the Strv 103A started to deliver to the army, a total of 70 Strv 103As were ordered to the army as the first series production. Strv 103A had a 300hk powered gasturbine that during delivery proved to be not quite effective and would be required a change in the upcoming version of the Strv 103. Directly when the S tank got delivered instructor courses began and it was not till 1968 that the first conscripts go the education on the Strv 103 "S" systems.

[[Strv 103A|'''Click here to read more''']]

}}

{{Family-card
|title = Strv 103C
|img = File:GarageImage_Strv_103C.jpg
|wiki = Strv_103C
|text = Strv 103C is the last official series of the S tank, in the army decision 1972 and 1982 it was decided that getting a new tank for the army was going to be post-pone to the 1990's and the Swedish army at time would foucs on a lighter combat vehicles. So to modernize the S tanks the Strv 103B's had to go through a renovation with upgrading the systems and improve the vehicles in a so called REMO (Renovation and Modification) process and it was not till 1986 the first Strv 103B got its REMO done and got designated Strv 103C

[[Strv 103C|'''Click here to read more''']]
}}

== Vehicles based on Strv 103 chassis ==


[[Category:Family pages]]

Strv 103 (Family)

2021-09-08T20:39:16Z

U1619975: /* Rank V */ Hidden WIP

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Strv 103 (Family)}}

== Description ==
The '''Stridsvagn 103 (Strv 103)''', also known as the '''S-Tank''', is a Swedish post-World War II main battle tank, designed and manufactured in Sweden by Bofors AB (and to some extent Landsverk AB). It was developed in the late 1950s to the mid 1960s and was the first main battle tank to use a turbine engine and the first, and so far only service tank to not feature a turret.

== Vehicles ==
=== Rank V ===

{{Family-card
|title = Strv 103-0
|img = File:GarageImage_Strv_103-0.jpg
|wiki = 103-0
|text = Strv 103-0 is the prototype series before the head series with Strv 103A got delivered to the Swedish army. After the trial of the two trial vehicles S1 and S2 in 1961, Sweden ordered 10 pre-series Strv 103 which would become the 0-series.

[[Strv 103-0|'''Click here to read more''']]

}}

{{Family-card
|title = Strv 103A
|img = File:GarageImage_Strv_103A.jpg
|wiki = 103A
|text = 1967 the Strv 103A started to deliver to the army, a total of 70 Strv 103As were ordered to the army as the first series production. Strv 103A had a 300hk powered gasturbine that during delivery proved to be not quite effective and would be required a change in the upcoming version of the Strv 103. Directly when the S tank got delivered instructor courses began and it was not till 1968 that the first conscripts go the education on the Strv 103 "S" systems.

[[Strv 103A|'''Click here to read more''']]

}}

=== Rank VI ===

{{Family-card
|title = Strv 103C
|img = File:GarageImage_Strv_103C.jpg
|wiki = 103c
|text = Strv 103C is the last official series of the S tank, in the army decision 1972 and 1982 it was decided that getting a new tank for the army was going to be post-pone to the 1990's and the Swedish army at time would foucs on a lighter combat vehicles. So to modernize the S tanks the Strv 103B's had to go through a renovation with upgrading the systems and improve the vehicles in a so called REMO (Renovation and Modification) process and it was not till 1986 the first Strv 103B got its REMO done and got designated Strv 103C

[[Strv 103C|'''Click here to read more''']]
}}

== Vehicles based on Strv 103 chassis ==


== History ==


The Stridsvagn 103 (Strv 103), also known as the "S-Tank", is a Swedish post-World War II main battle tank, designed and manufactured in Sweden by Bofors AB (and to some extent Landsverk AB). It was developed in the late 1950s to the mid 1960s and was the first main battle tank to use a turbine engine and the first, and so far only service tank to not feature a turret. While some might argue that the S-Tank is not a tank, or that turretless casemate vehicles can be called tanks, it is a fact that the S-Tank was designed as, deployed as and used as a tank by the Swedish army. Besides lacking a turret it was however the first tank with a fixed main gun, meaning that the gun was fixed in the hull on both the X-axis and Y-axis. To aim the gun horizontally the entire vehicle had to be steered side to side (same as the hull gun on the [[B1 bis]]). To aim vertically the tank used a new type of controllable suspension, probably also a first in the world, that allowed the tank to tilt forwards and backwards using gas-hydraulic hydropneumatics.

The name "S-Tank" is not an English nickname for the tank, but actually a translation of the Swedish name "Stridsvagn S". Stridsvagn S was the name given to the design during its development and it also became the product name for it after development had finished. The "S" in the name S-Tank refers to Sweden (Sverige) and it was one of three base-designs that competed against each other to become Sweden's next generation MBT during the mid to late 1950s. The other two base-designs were called "A-Tank" (Stridsvagn A) and "T-Tank" (Stridsvagn T). The A-Tank (Amerika / America) was a turreted heavily armored MBT that followed the design principles of the Americans and British (such as the [[M48 Patton (Family)|M48 Patton]] and [[Centurion (Family)|Centurion]]), while the T-Tank (Tyskland / Germany) was a turreted lightly armoured MBT that followed the design-principles of the Germans and the French (such as the [[Leopard (Disambiguation)|Leopard 1]] and [[AMX-30 (Family)|AMX-30]]).

[[Category:Family pages]]

Strv 103 (Family)

2021-09-08T20:36:04Z

U1619975: /* Media */

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Strv 103 (Family)}}

== Description ==
The '''Stridsvagn 103 (Strv 103)''', also known as the '''S-Tank''', is a Swedish post-World War II main battle tank, designed and manufactured in Sweden by Bofors AB (and to some extent Landsverk AB). It was developed in the late 1950s to the mid 1960s and was the first main battle tank to use a turbine engine and the first, and so far only service tank to not feature a turret.

== Vehicles ==
=== Rank V ===

{{Family-card
|title = Strv 103-0
|img = File:GarageImage_Strv_103-0.jpg
|wiki = 103-0
|text = Strv 103-0 is the prototype series before the head series with Strv 103A got delivered to the Swedish army. After the trial of the two trial vehicles S1 and S2 in 1961, Sweden ordered 10 pre-series Strv 103 which would become the 0-series.

[[Strv 103-0|'''Click here to read more''']]

}}

{{Family-card
|title = Strv 103A
|img = File:GarageImage_Strv_103A.jpg
|wiki = 103A
|text = 1967 the Strv 103A started to deliver to the army, a total of 70 Strv 103As were ordered to the army as the first series production. Strv 103A had a 300hk powered gasturbine that during delivery proved to be not quite effective and would be required a change in the upcoming version of the Strv 103. Directly when the S tank got delivered instructor courses began and it was not till 1968 that the first conscripts go the education on the Strv 103 "S" systems.

[[Strv 103A|'''Click here to read more''']]

}}

=== Rank VI ===

{{Family-card
|title = Strv 103C
|img = File:GarageImage_Strv_103C.jpg
|wiki = 103c
|text = Strv 103C is the last official series of the S tank, in the army decision 1972 and 1982 it was decided that getting a new tank for the army was going to be post-pone to the 1990's and the Swedish army at time would foucs on a lighter combat vehicles. So to modernize the S tanks the Strv 103B's had to go through a renovation with upgrading the systems and improve the vehicles in a so called REMO (Renovation and Modification) process and it was not till 1986 the first Strv 103B got its REMO done and got designated Strv 103C

[[Strv 103C|'''Click here to read more''']]
}}

== Vehicles based on Strv 103 chassis ==
=== Rank V ===

* [[VEAK 40]]

== History ==


The Stridsvagn 103 (Strv 103), also known as the "S-Tank", is a Swedish post-World War II main battle tank, designed and manufactured in Sweden by Bofors AB (and to some extent Landsverk AB). It was developed in the late 1950s to the mid 1960s and was the first main battle tank to use a turbine engine and the first, and so far only service tank to not feature a turret. While some might argue that the S-Tank is not a tank, or that turretless casemate vehicles can be called tanks, it is a fact that the S-Tank was designed as, deployed as and used as a tank by the Swedish army. Besides lacking a turret it was however the first tank with a fixed main gun, meaning that the gun was fixed in the hull on both the X-axis and Y-axis. To aim the gun horizontally the entire vehicle had to be steered side to side (same as the hull gun on the [[B1 bis]]). To aim vertically the tank used a new type of controllable suspension, probably also a first in the world, that allowed the tank to tilt forwards and backwards using gas-hydraulic hydropneumatics.

The name "S-Tank" is not an English nickname for the tank, but actually a translation of the Swedish name "Stridsvagn S". Stridsvagn S was the name given to the design during its development and it also became the product name for it after development had finished. The "S" in the name S-Tank refers to Sweden (Sverige) and it was one of three base-designs that competed against each other to become Sweden's next generation MBT during the mid to late 1950s. The other two base-designs were called "A-Tank" (Stridsvagn A) and "T-Tank" (Stridsvagn T). The A-Tank (Amerika / America) was a turreted heavily armored MBT that followed the design principles of the Americans and British (such as the [[M48 Patton (Family)|M48 Patton]] and [[Centurion (Family)|Centurion]]), while the T-Tank (Tyskland / Germany) was a turreted lightly armoured MBT that followed the design-principles of the Germans and the French (such as the [[Leopard (Disambiguation)|Leopard 1]] and [[AMX-30 (Family)|AMX-30]]).

[[Category:Family pages]]

Strv 103 (Family)

2021-09-08T20:35:07Z

U1619975: /* Vehicles */

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Strv 103 (Family)}}

== Description ==
The '''Stridsvagn 103 (Strv 103)''', also known as the '''S-Tank''', is a Swedish post-World War II main battle tank, designed and manufactured in Sweden by Bofors AB (and to some extent Landsverk AB). It was developed in the late 1950s to the mid 1960s and was the first main battle tank to use a turbine engine and the first, and so far only service tank to not feature a turret.

== Vehicles ==
=== Rank V ===

{{Family-card
|title = Strv 103-0
|img = File:GarageImage_Strv_103-0.jpg
|wiki = 103-0
|text = Strv 103-0 is the prototype series before the head series with Strv 103A got delivered to the Swedish army. After the trial of the two trial vehicles S1 and S2 in 1961, Sweden ordered 10 pre-series Strv 103 which would become the 0-series.

[[Strv 103-0|'''Click here to read more''']]

}}

{{Family-card
|title = Strv 103A
|img = File:GarageImage_Strv_103A.jpg
|wiki = 103A
|text = 1967 the Strv 103A started to deliver to the army, a total of 70 Strv 103As were ordered to the army as the first series production. Strv 103A had a 300hk powered gasturbine that during delivery proved to be not quite effective and would be required a change in the upcoming version of the Strv 103. Directly when the S tank got delivered instructor courses began and it was not till 1968 that the first conscripts go the education on the Strv 103 "S" systems.

[[Strv 103A|'''Click here to read more''']]

}}

=== Rank VI ===

{{Family-card
|title = Strv 103C
|img = File:GarageImage_Strv_103C.jpg
|wiki = 103c
|text = Strv 103C is the last official series of the S tank, in the army decision 1972 and 1982 it was decided that getting a new tank for the army was going to be post-pone to the 1990's and the Swedish army at time would foucs on a lighter combat vehicles. So to modernize the S tanks the Strv 103B's had to go through a renovation with upgrading the systems and improve the vehicles in a so called REMO (Renovation and Modification) process and it was not till 1986 the first Strv 103B got its REMO done and got designated Strv 103C

[[Strv 103C|'''Click here to read more''']]
}}

== Vehicles based on Strv 103 chassis ==
=== Rank V ===

* [[VEAK 40]]

== History ==


The Stridsvagn 103 (Strv 103), also known as the "S-Tank", is a Swedish post-World War II main battle tank, designed and manufactured in Sweden by Bofors AB (and to some extent Landsverk AB). It was developed in the late 1950s to the mid 1960s and was the first main battle tank to use a turbine engine and the first, and so far only service tank to not feature a turret. While some might argue that the S-Tank is not a tank, or that turretless casemate vehicles can be called tanks, it is a fact that the S-Tank was designed as, deployed as and used as a tank by the Swedish army. Besides lacking a turret it was however the first tank with a fixed main gun, meaning that the gun was fixed in the hull on both the X-axis and Y-axis. To aim the gun horizontally the entire vehicle had to be steered side to side (same as the hull gun on the [[B1 bis]]). To aim vertically the tank used a new type of controllable suspension, probably also a first in the world, that allowed the tank to tilt forwards and backwards using gas-hydraulic hydropneumatics.

The name "S-Tank" is not an English nickname for the tank, but actually a translation of the Swedish name "Stridsvagn S". Stridsvagn S was the name given to the design during its development and it also became the product name for it after development had finished. The "S" in the name S-Tank refers to Sweden (Sverige) and it was one of three base-designs that competed against each other to become Sweden's next generation MBT during the mid to late 1950s. The other two base-designs were called "A-Tank" (Stridsvagn A) and "T-Tank" (Stridsvagn T). The A-Tank (Amerika / America) was a turreted heavily armored MBT that followed the design principles of the Americans and British (such as the [[M48 Patton (Family)|M48 Patton]] and [[Centurion (Family)|Centurion]]), while the T-Tank (Tyskland / Germany) was a turreted lightly armoured MBT that followed the design-principles of the Germans and the French (such as the [[Leopard (Disambiguation)|Leopard 1]] and [[AMX-30 (Family)|AMX-30]]).

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

[[Category:Family pages]]

Strv 103-0

2021-09-08T20:12:36Z

U1619975: /* General info */

{{About|about=gift Swedish medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''|usage=other versions|link=Strv 103 (Family)}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_strv_103_0
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

{{Notice|With a superbly sloped front hull armour, incoming kinetic rounds are prone to harmlessly bounce off, though chemical rounds will typically do some damage. Side, rear and top armour of the vehicle are weak, most aircraft can penetrate the roof, especially if they have 20 mm rounds or larger. With a total of three crew members, survivability after taking hits tend to be slim. However, the Strv 103 series are the only tanks that can operate with only one crew member! A major drawback is without transmission/engine you can no longer manoeuvre the hull to aim left or right. '''[[Strv_103_(Family)|Check out the Strv Family here!]]'''|!!}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front (Slope angle)
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|40 mm (77°) ''Upper Glacis''
40 mm (74°) ''Lower Glacis''
|30 mm +10 mm ''Upper''
30 mm ''Lower''
|30 mm
|20 mm
|-
|Cupola
|35 mm
|35 mm
|35 mm
|20 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Main gun - 25 mm
* Machine guns - 10 mm
* Tracks - 20 mm
* Suspension - 15 mm
* The crew compartment is lined with 10 mm RHA
* Storage boxes - 10 mm

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 732|rbMinHp= 478}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|L74 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L74 (105 mm)|105 mm L74]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+12° || rowspan="2" | N/A || rowspan="2" | N/A || 67.2 || 67.2 || 81.6 || 90.2 || 96.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 42.0 || 42.0 || 51.0 || 56.4 || 60.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| slpprj m/61 || APDS || 303 || 302 || 296 || 277 || 257 || 252
|-
| slpprj m/62 || APDS || 260 || 258 || 250 || 240 || 231 || 222
|-
| slsgr m/61A || HE || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23
|-
| slspgr m/61 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| slpprj m/61 || APDS || 1,500 || 4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| slpprj m/62 || APDS || 1,450 || 4.5 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| slsgr m/61A || HE || 680 || 14.4 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 1,830 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| slspgr m/61 || HESH || 760 || 14.85 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 4,780 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| rökgr m/61 || 330 || 18.7 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 46 ''(+4)'' || 41 ''(+9)'' || 36 ''(+14)'' || 31 ''(+19)'' || 26 ''(+24)'' || 21 ''(+29)'' || 16 ''(+34)'' || 11 ''(+39)'' || 6 ''(+44)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|ksp 58 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ksp 58 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm ksp 58]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,375 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Coaxial || 1,375 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
The STRV 103-0 is a heavily angled tank offering 40mm sloped at 77 degrees able to bounce almost any Kinect round in the game from the front. However a HEAT-FS round will penerate right though the armour. It also lacks any ERA or composite protection, it’s rear and sides are not angled with only 10mm of protection meaning any type of round could penetrate and knockout the tank, even a .50 bullet.

In-order to stay alive, it is important to always have your front pointing towards the enemy. It’s 105 mm L74 cannon is able to offer a maximum penetration of 303 mm. It may seem low compared to other tanks ingame, however with a skilled commander who utilise the map and who can stay stealthy is able to become the Tanker version of the legendary Viking called Erik the Red.

One of the great advantages of this tank is it’s pure survivability, it’s crew is all located behind the engine & transmission. However one of the weakness is also this crew survivability, any shot that is able to penetrate from the side will knockout the engine and transmission, worse case causing fires or disables the tank in combat allowing the enemy tanker to flank to the rear or sides and fire a single shot into the Strv 103-0 ammoracks or crew compartments.

The ideal playstyle is to play the tank as an ambusher, stay in the bushes then pop out and fire, reverse and locate then move to another location. With the idea being to press the attack from their rear and cause mayhem.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The gun has good penetration and damage
* Four second reload time makes it much easier to dispatch enemy tanks
* The frontal armour is heavily sloped, which makes it quite tough even though being only 40 mm thick
* Has a tiny profile, making it much easier to hide in realistic and simulator battles
* Because the engine is located at the front most shots will not go through the whole tank if it penetrates and will simply be absorbed
* Has a 10 mm gun shield that will block most shrapnel.

'''Cons:'''

* The sloped frontal armour becomes redundant if faced with an enemy above it
* Very thin side and rear armour, any gun larger than a machine gun can go thro
* The turret is fixed to the hull and cannot swivel
* APDSFS and APDS shells will go straight through the front, most of the time no matter the angle

== History ==

Strv 103-0 is the prototype series before the head series with Strv 103A got delivered to the Swedish army. After the trial of the two trial vehicles S1 and S2 in 1961, Sweden ordered 10 pre-series Strv 103 which would become the 0-series. They were not finished until 1963, where they were put on trial to be combined with different vehicles to see how to efficiently utilize the tank system in squad and organization attempts. These attempts would have a great impact on how the Strv 103 would be shaped and molded and so the evaluation of the Strv 103 began that would last from 1963 till 1966. It only took half a year before it was decided that the Strv 103 "S" would become Sweden's new tank.

The trials with the 0-series worked well, the test results from the field testings, squad and organization attempts were favourable for the Strv 103-0 and it was not until 1964 that Sweden placed an order in a total value of around 500 million kr (SEK) which would total in 70 Strv 103 being produced to the first main series Strv 103 which would be designated [[Strv 103A]]. The main series tank order delivery started by 1967 giving the 0-series to be put to trials until the end of 1966.

=== [[wt:en/news/6505-development-strv-103-0-last-man-standing-en|Devblog]] ===
In the immediate postwar years, Sweden began looking for a replacement to the Centurion tanks, then in service with its army. The most straightforward solution was to once again look into the export market for potential candidates, although engineers were already working on a domestic design - the Kranvagn. While this process was ongoing, an engineer by the name of Sven Berge came up with a radical new tank design in 1956.

This new vehicle featured a turretless design with a cannon fixed to the hull, which would be trained onto its targets with the precise use of an adjustable suspension system. The design was based on results from a study on tank crew casualties during WWII and the Korean War, which showed a correlation between tank height and hit probability. As such, the 'S-Tank' was kept very small in dimensions and low in profile, while also utilizing some innovative new engineering solutions, such as a mixed power plant consisting of a diesel engine and a gas turbine.

In 1959, the Swedish government approved the construction and testing of two prototypes. In 1960, a pre-production batch of 10 vehicles of the '0-serie' was ordered for field trials, which went on into the mid '60s. Generating more than favorable test results, the vehicle was formally ordered into production and procured as the 'Stridsvagn 103'.

Despite its original purpose being to replace the Centurion tanks in the Swedish Army, the Strv 103 ended up serving alongside it for a number of decades, until it was ultimately decommissioned in the late 1990s. By that time, 290 Strv 103s were built, spanning over five variants.

== Media ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 07.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 08.jpg|
</gallery>

{{Youtube-gallery|qoprhFB5S7I|'''The Shooting Range #179''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 05:25 discusses the Strv 103.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6505-development-strv-103-0-last-man-standing-en|[Devblog] Strv 103-0: Last Man Standing]]

{{Sweden medium tanks}}
{{Sweden premium ground vehicles}}

Strv 103-0

2021-09-08T20:12:02Z

U1619975: /* Survivability and armour */

{{About|about=gift Swedish medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''|usage=other versions|link=Strv 103 (Family)}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_strv_103_0
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

{{Notice|With a superbly sloped front hull armour, incoming kinetic rounds are prone to harmlessly bounce off, though chemical rounds will typically do some damage. Side, rear and top armour of the vehicle are weak, most aircraft can penetrate the roof, especially if they have 20 mm rounds or larger. With a total of three crew members, survivability after taking hits tend to be slim. However, the Strv 103 series are the only tanks that can operate with only one crew member! A major drawback is without transmission/engine you can no longer manoeuvre the hull to aim left or right. '''[[Strv_103_(Family)|Check out the Strv Family here]]'''|!}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front (Slope angle)
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|40 mm (77°) ''Upper Glacis''
40 mm (74°) ''Lower Glacis''
|30 mm +10 mm ''Upper''
30 mm ''Lower''
|30 mm
|20 mm
|-
|Cupola
|35 mm
|35 mm
|35 mm
|20 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Main gun - 25 mm
* Machine guns - 10 mm
* Tracks - 20 mm
* Suspension - 15 mm
* The crew compartment is lined with 10 mm RHA
* Storage boxes - 10 mm

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 732|rbMinHp= 478}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|L74 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L74 (105 mm)|105 mm L74]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+12° || rowspan="2" | N/A || rowspan="2" | N/A || 67.2 || 67.2 || 81.6 || 90.2 || 96.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 42.0 || 42.0 || 51.0 || 56.4 || 60.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| slpprj m/61 || APDS || 303 || 302 || 296 || 277 || 257 || 252
|-
| slpprj m/62 || APDS || 260 || 258 || 250 || 240 || 231 || 222
|-
| slsgr m/61A || HE || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23
|-
| slspgr m/61 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| slpprj m/61 || APDS || 1,500 || 4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| slpprj m/62 || APDS || 1,450 || 4.5 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| slsgr m/61A || HE || 680 || 14.4 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 1,830 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| slspgr m/61 || HESH || 760 || 14.85 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 4,780 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| rökgr m/61 || 330 || 18.7 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 46 ''(+4)'' || 41 ''(+9)'' || 36 ''(+14)'' || 31 ''(+19)'' || 26 ''(+24)'' || 21 ''(+29)'' || 16 ''(+34)'' || 11 ''(+39)'' || 6 ''(+44)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|ksp 58 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ksp 58 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm ksp 58]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,375 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Coaxial || 1,375 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
The STRV 103-0 is a heavily angled tank offering 40mm sloped at 77 degrees able to bounce almost any Kinect round in the game from the front. However a HEAT-FS round will penerate right though the armour. It also lacks any ERA or composite protection, it’s rear and sides are not angled with only 10mm of protection meaning any type of round could penetrate and knockout the tank, even a .50 bullet.

In-order to stay alive, it is important to always have your front pointing towards the enemy. It’s 105 mm L74 cannon is able to offer a maximum penetration of 303 mm. It may seem low compared to other tanks ingame, however with a skilled commander who utilise the map and who can stay stealthy is able to become the Tanker version of the legendary Viking called Erik the Red.

One of the great advantages of this tank is it’s pure survivability, it’s crew is all located behind the engine & transmission. However one of the weakness is also this crew survivability, any shot that is able to penetrate from the side will knockout the engine and transmission, worse case causing fires or disables the tank in combat allowing the enemy tanker to flank to the rear or sides and fire a single shot into the Strv 103-0 ammoracks or crew compartments.

The ideal playstyle is to play the tank as an ambusher, stay in the bushes then pop out and fire, reverse and locate then move to another location. With the idea being to press the attack from their rear and cause mayhem.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The gun has good penetration and damage
* Four second reload time makes it much easier to dispatch enemy tanks
* The frontal armour is heavily sloped, which makes it quite tough even though being only 40 mm thick
* Has a tiny profile, making it much easier to hide in realistic and simulator battles
* Because the engine is located at the front most shots will not go through the whole tank if it penetrates and will simply be absorbed
* Has a 10 mm gun shield that will block most shrapnel.

'''Cons:'''

* The sloped frontal armour becomes redundant if faced with an enemy above it
* Very thin side and rear armour, any gun larger than a machine gun can go thro
* The turret is fixed to the hull and cannot swivel
* APDSFS and APDS shells will go straight through the front, most of the time no matter the angle

== History ==

Strv 103-0 is the prototype series before the head series with Strv 103A got delivered to the Swedish army. After the trial of the two trial vehicles S1 and S2 in 1961, Sweden ordered 10 pre-series Strv 103 which would become the 0-series. They were not finished until 1963, where they were put on trial to be combined with different vehicles to see how to efficiently utilize the tank system in squad and organization attempts. These attempts would have a great impact on how the Strv 103 would be shaped and molded and so the evaluation of the Strv 103 began that would last from 1963 till 1966. It only took half a year before it was decided that the Strv 103 "S" would become Sweden's new tank.

The trials with the 0-series worked well, the test results from the field testings, squad and organization attempts were favourable for the Strv 103-0 and it was not until 1964 that Sweden placed an order in a total value of around 500 million kr (SEK) which would total in 70 Strv 103 being produced to the first main series Strv 103 which would be designated [[Strv 103A]]. The main series tank order delivery started by 1967 giving the 0-series to be put to trials until the end of 1966.

=== [[wt:en/news/6505-development-strv-103-0-last-man-standing-en|Devblog]] ===
In the immediate postwar years, Sweden began looking for a replacement to the Centurion tanks, then in service with its army. The most straightforward solution was to once again look into the export market for potential candidates, although engineers were already working on a domestic design - the Kranvagn. While this process was ongoing, an engineer by the name of Sven Berge came up with a radical new tank design in 1956.

This new vehicle featured a turretless design with a cannon fixed to the hull, which would be trained onto its targets with the precise use of an adjustable suspension system. The design was based on results from a study on tank crew casualties during WWII and the Korean War, which showed a correlation between tank height and hit probability. As such, the 'S-Tank' was kept very small in dimensions and low in profile, while also utilizing some innovative new engineering solutions, such as a mixed power plant consisting of a diesel engine and a gas turbine.

In 1959, the Swedish government approved the construction and testing of two prototypes. In 1960, a pre-production batch of 10 vehicles of the '0-serie' was ordered for field trials, which went on into the mid '60s. Generating more than favorable test results, the vehicle was formally ordered into production and procured as the 'Stridsvagn 103'.

Despite its original purpose being to replace the Centurion tanks in the Swedish Army, the Strv 103 ended up serving alongside it for a number of decades, until it was ultimately decommissioned in the late 1990s. By that time, 290 Strv 103s were built, spanning over five variants.

== Media ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 07.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 08.jpg|
</gallery>

{{Youtube-gallery|qoprhFB5S7I|'''The Shooting Range #179''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 05:25 discusses the Strv 103.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6505-development-strv-103-0-last-man-standing-en|[Devblog] Strv 103-0: Last Man Standing]]

{{Sweden medium tanks}}
{{Sweden premium ground vehicles}}

Strv 103-0

2021-09-08T20:04:15Z

U1619975: /* Usage in battles */

{{About|about=gift Swedish medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''|usage=other versions|link=Strv 103 (Family)}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_strv_103_0
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front (Slope angle)
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|40 mm (77°) ''Upper Glacis''
40 mm (74°) ''Lower Glacis''
|30 mm +10 mm ''Upper''
30 mm ''Lower''
|30 mm
|20 mm
|-
|Cupola
|35 mm
|35 mm
|35 mm
|20 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Main gun - 25 mm
* Machine guns - 10 mm
* Tracks - 20 mm
* Suspension - 15 mm
* The crew compartment is lined with 10 mm RHA
* Storage boxes - 10 mm

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 732|rbMinHp= 478}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|L74 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L74 (105 mm)|105 mm L74]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+12° || rowspan="2" | N/A || rowspan="2" | N/A || 67.2 || 67.2 || 81.6 || 90.2 || 96.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 42.0 || 42.0 || 51.0 || 56.4 || 60.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| slpprj m/61 || APDS || 303 || 302 || 296 || 277 || 257 || 252
|-
| slpprj m/62 || APDS || 260 || 258 || 250 || 240 || 231 || 222
|-
| slsgr m/61A || HE || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23
|-
| slspgr m/61 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| slpprj m/61 || APDS || 1,500 || 4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| slpprj m/62 || APDS || 1,450 || 4.5 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| slsgr m/61A || HE || 680 || 14.4 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 1,830 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| slspgr m/61 || HESH || 760 || 14.85 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 4,780 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| rökgr m/61 || 330 || 18.7 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 46 ''(+4)'' || 41 ''(+9)'' || 36 ''(+14)'' || 31 ''(+19)'' || 26 ''(+24)'' || 21 ''(+29)'' || 16 ''(+34)'' || 11 ''(+39)'' || 6 ''(+44)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|ksp 58 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ksp 58 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm ksp 58]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,375 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Coaxial || 1,375 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
The STRV 103-0 is a heavily angled tank offering 40mm sloped at 77 degrees able to bounce almost any Kinect round in the game from the front. However a HEAT-FS round will penerate right though the armour. It also lacks any ERA or composite protection, it’s rear and sides are not angled with only 10mm of protection meaning any type of round could penetrate and knockout the tank, even a .50 bullet.

In-order to stay alive, it is important to always have your front pointing towards the enemy. It’s 105 mm L74 cannon is able to offer a maximum penetration of 303 mm. It may seem low compared to other tanks ingame, however with a skilled commander who utilise the map and who can stay stealthy is able to become the Tanker version of the legendary Viking called Erik the Red.

One of the great advantages of this tank is it’s pure survivability, it’s crew is all located behind the engine & transmission. However one of the weakness is also this crew survivability, any shot that is able to penetrate from the side will knockout the engine and transmission, worse case causing fires or disables the tank in combat allowing the enemy tanker to flank to the rear or sides and fire a single shot into the Strv 103-0 ammoracks or crew compartments.

The ideal playstyle is to play the tank as an ambusher, stay in the bushes then pop out and fire, reverse and locate then move to another location. With the idea being to press the attack from their rear and cause mayhem.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The gun has good penetration and damage
* Four second reload time makes it much easier to dispatch enemy tanks
* The frontal armour is heavily sloped, which makes it quite tough even though being only 40 mm thick
* Has a tiny profile, making it much easier to hide in realistic and simulator battles
* Because the engine is located at the front most shots will not go through the whole tank if it penetrates and will simply be absorbed
* Has a 10 mm gun shield that will block most shrapnel.

'''Cons:'''

* The sloped frontal armour becomes redundant if faced with an enemy above it
* Very thin side and rear armour, any gun larger than a machine gun can go thro
* The turret is fixed to the hull and cannot swivel
* APDSFS and APDS shells will go straight through the front, most of the time no matter the angle

== History ==

Strv 103-0 is the prototype series before the head series with Strv 103A got delivered to the Swedish army. After the trial of the two trial vehicles S1 and S2 in 1961, Sweden ordered 10 pre-series Strv 103 which would become the 0-series. They were not finished until 1963, where they were put on trial to be combined with different vehicles to see how to efficiently utilize the tank system in squad and organization attempts. These attempts would have a great impact on how the Strv 103 would be shaped and molded and so the evaluation of the Strv 103 began that would last from 1963 till 1966. It only took half a year before it was decided that the Strv 103 "S" would become Sweden's new tank.

The trials with the 0-series worked well, the test results from the field testings, squad and organization attempts were favourable for the Strv 103-0 and it was not until 1964 that Sweden placed an order in a total value of around 500 million kr (SEK) which would total in 70 Strv 103 being produced to the first main series Strv 103 which would be designated [[Strv 103A]]. The main series tank order delivery started by 1967 giving the 0-series to be put to trials until the end of 1966.

=== [[wt:en/news/6505-development-strv-103-0-last-man-standing-en|Devblog]] ===
In the immediate postwar years, Sweden began looking for a replacement to the Centurion tanks, then in service with its army. The most straightforward solution was to once again look into the export market for potential candidates, although engineers were already working on a domestic design - the Kranvagn. While this process was ongoing, an engineer by the name of Sven Berge came up with a radical new tank design in 1956.

This new vehicle featured a turretless design with a cannon fixed to the hull, which would be trained onto its targets with the precise use of an adjustable suspension system. The design was based on results from a study on tank crew casualties during WWII and the Korean War, which showed a correlation between tank height and hit probability. As such, the 'S-Tank' was kept very small in dimensions and low in profile, while also utilizing some innovative new engineering solutions, such as a mixed power plant consisting of a diesel engine and a gas turbine.

In 1959, the Swedish government approved the construction and testing of two prototypes. In 1960, a pre-production batch of 10 vehicles of the '0-serie' was ordered for field trials, which went on into the mid '60s. Generating more than favorable test results, the vehicle was formally ordered into production and procured as the 'Stridsvagn 103'.

Despite its original purpose being to replace the Centurion tanks in the Swedish Army, the Strv 103 ended up serving alongside it for a number of decades, until it was ultimately decommissioned in the late 1990s. By that time, 290 Strv 103s were built, spanning over five variants.

== Media ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 07.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 08.jpg|
</gallery>

{{Youtube-gallery|qoprhFB5S7I|'''The Shooting Range #179''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 05:25 discusses the Strv 103.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6505-development-strv-103-0-last-man-standing-en|[Devblog] Strv 103-0: Last Man Standing]]

{{Sweden medium tanks}}
{{Sweden premium ground vehicles}}

Strv 103-0

2021-09-08T20:00:22Z

U1619975: /* Survivability and armour */

{{About|about=gift Swedish medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''|usage=other versions|link=Strv 103 (Family)}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_strv_103_0
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front (Slope angle)
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|40 mm (77°) ''Upper Glacis''
40 mm (74°) ''Lower Glacis''
|30 mm +10 mm ''Upper''
30 mm ''Lower''
|30 mm
|20 mm
|-
|Cupola
|35 mm
|35 mm
|35 mm
|20 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Main gun - 25 mm
* Machine guns - 10 mm
* Tracks - 20 mm
* Suspension - 15 mm
* The crew compartment is lined with 10 mm RHA
* Storage boxes - 10 mm

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 732|rbMinHp= 478}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|L74 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L74 (105 mm)|105 mm L74]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+12° || rowspan="2" | N/A || rowspan="2" | N/A || 67.2 || 67.2 || 81.6 || 90.2 || 96.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 42.0 || 42.0 || 51.0 || 56.4 || 60.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| slpprj m/61 || APDS || 303 || 302 || 296 || 277 || 257 || 252
|-
| slpprj m/62 || APDS || 260 || 258 || 250 || 240 || 231 || 222
|-
| slsgr m/61A || HE || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23
|-
| slspgr m/61 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| slpprj m/61 || APDS || 1,500 || 4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| slpprj m/62 || APDS || 1,450 || 4.5 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| slsgr m/61A || HE || 680 || 14.4 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 1,830 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| slspgr m/61 || HESH || 760 || 14.85 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 4,780 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| rökgr m/61 || 330 || 18.7 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 46 ''(+4)'' || 41 ''(+9)'' || 36 ''(+14)'' || 31 ''(+19)'' || 26 ''(+24)'' || 21 ''(+29)'' || 16 ''(+34)'' || 11 ''(+39)'' || 6 ''(+44)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|ksp 58 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ksp 58 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm ksp 58]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,375 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Coaxial || 1,375 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
The STRV 103-0 is a heavily angled tank offering 40mm sloped at 77 degrees able to bounce almost any Kinect round in the game from the front. However a HEAT-FS round will penerate right though the armour. It also lacks any ERA or composite protection, it’s rear and sides are not angled with only 10mm of protection meaning any type of round could penetrate and knockout the tank, even a .50 bullet.

In-order to stay alive, it is important to always have your front pointing towards the enemy. It’s 105 mm L74 cannon is able to offer a maximum penetration of 303 mm. It may seem low compared to other tanks ingame, however with a skilled commander who utilise the map and who can stay stealthy is able to become the Tanker version of the legendary Viking called Erik the Red.

One of the great advantages of this tank is it’s pure survivability, it’s crew is all located behind the engine & transmission. However one of the weakness is also this crew survivability, any shot that is able to penetrate from the side will knockout the engine and transmission, worse case causing fires or disables the tank in combat allowing the enemy tanker to flank to the rear or sides and fire a single shot into the Strv 103-o ammoracks or crew compartments

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The gun has good penetration and damage
* Four second reload time makes it much easier to dispatch enemy tanks
* The frontal armour is heavily sloped, which makes it quite tough even though being only 40 mm thick
* Has a tiny profile, making it much easier to hide in realistic and simulator battles
* Because the engine is located at the front most shots will not go through the whole tank if it penetrates and will simply be absorbed
* Has a 10 mm gun shield that will block most shrapnel.

'''Cons:'''

* The sloped frontal armour becomes redundant if faced with an enemy above it
* Very thin side and rear armour, any gun larger than a machine gun can go thro
* The turret is fixed to the hull and cannot swivel
* APDSFS and APDS shells will go straight through the front, most of the time no matter the angle

== History ==

Strv 103-0 is the prototype series before the head series with Strv 103A got delivered to the Swedish army. After the trial of the two trial vehicles S1 and S2 in 1961, Sweden ordered 10 pre-series Strv 103 which would become the 0-series. They were not finished until 1963, where they were put on trial to be combined with different vehicles to see how to efficiently utilize the tank system in squad and organization attempts. These attempts would have a great impact on how the Strv 103 would be shaped and molded and so the evaluation of the Strv 103 began that would last from 1963 till 1966. It only took half a year before it was decided that the Strv 103 "S" would become Sweden's new tank.

The trials with the 0-series worked well, the test results from the field testings, squad and organization attempts were favourable for the Strv 103-0 and it was not until 1964 that Sweden placed an order in a total value of around 500 million kr (SEK) which would total in 70 Strv 103 being produced to the first main series Strv 103 which would be designated [[Strv 103A]]. The main series tank order delivery started by 1967 giving the 0-series to be put to trials until the end of 1966.

=== [[wt:en/news/6505-development-strv-103-0-last-man-standing-en|Devblog]] ===
In the immediate postwar years, Sweden began looking for a replacement to the Centurion tanks, then in service with its army. The most straightforward solution was to once again look into the export market for potential candidates, although engineers were already working on a domestic design - the Kranvagn. While this process was ongoing, an engineer by the name of Sven Berge came up with a radical new tank design in 1956.

This new vehicle featured a turretless design with a cannon fixed to the hull, which would be trained onto its targets with the precise use of an adjustable suspension system. The design was based on results from a study on tank crew casualties during WWII and the Korean War, which showed a correlation between tank height and hit probability. As such, the 'S-Tank' was kept very small in dimensions and low in profile, while also utilizing some innovative new engineering solutions, such as a mixed power plant consisting of a diesel engine and a gas turbine.

In 1959, the Swedish government approved the construction and testing of two prototypes. In 1960, a pre-production batch of 10 vehicles of the '0-serie' was ordered for field trials, which went on into the mid '60s. Generating more than favorable test results, the vehicle was formally ordered into production and procured as the 'Stridsvagn 103'.

Despite its original purpose being to replace the Centurion tanks in the Swedish Army, the Strv 103 ended up serving alongside it for a number of decades, until it was ultimately decommissioned in the late 1990s. By that time, 290 Strv 103s were built, spanning over five variants.

== Media ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 07.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 08.jpg|
</gallery>

{{Youtube-gallery|qoprhFB5S7I|'''The Shooting Range #179''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 05:25 discusses the Strv 103.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6505-development-strv-103-0-last-man-standing-en|[Devblog] Strv 103-0: Last Man Standing]]

{{Sweden medium tanks}}
{{Sweden premium ground vehicles}}

Strv 103-0

2021-09-08T19:57:15Z

U1619975: /* Usage in battles */

{{About|about=gift Swedish medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''|usage=other versions|link=Strv 103 (Family)}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_strv_103_0
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}
''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 732|rbMinHp= 478}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|L74 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L74 (105 mm)|105 mm L74]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+12° || rowspan="2" | N/A || rowspan="2" | N/A || 67.2 || 67.2 || 81.6 || 90.2 || 96.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 42.0 || 42.0 || 51.0 || 56.4 || 60.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| slpprj m/61 || APDS || 303 || 302 || 296 || 277 || 257 || 252
|-
| slpprj m/62 || APDS || 260 || 258 || 250 || 240 || 231 || 222
|-
| slsgr m/61A || HE || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23
|-
| slspgr m/61 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| slpprj m/61 || APDS || 1,500 || 4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| slpprj m/62 || APDS || 1,450 || 4.5 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| slsgr m/61A || HE || 680 || 14.4 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 1,830 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| slspgr m/61 || HESH || 760 || 14.85 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 4,780 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| rökgr m/61 || 330 || 18.7 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 46 ''(+4)'' || 41 ''(+9)'' || 36 ''(+14)'' || 31 ''(+19)'' || 26 ''(+24)'' || 21 ''(+29)'' || 16 ''(+34)'' || 11 ''(+39)'' || 6 ''(+44)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|ksp 58 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ksp 58 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm ksp 58]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,375 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Coaxial || 1,375 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
The STRV 103-0 is a heavily angled tank offering 40mm sloped at 77 degrees able to bounce almost any Kinect round in the game from the front. However a HEAT-FS round will penerate right though the armour. It also lacks any ERA or composite protection, it’s rear and sides are not angled with only 10mm of protection meaning any type of round could penetrate and knockout the tank, even a .50 bullet.

In-order to stay alive, it is important to always have your front pointing towards the enemy. It’s 105 mm L74 cannon is able to offer a maximum penetration of 303 mm. It may seem low compared to other tanks ingame, however with a skilled commander who utilise the map and who can stay stealthy is able to become the Tanker version of the legendary Viking called Erik the Red.

One of the great advantages of this tank is it’s pure survivability, it’s crew is all located behind the engine & transmission. However one of the weakness is also this crew survivability, any shot that is able to penetrate from the side will knockout the engine and transmission, worse case causing fires or disables the tank in combat allowing the enemy tanker to flank to the rear or sides and fire a single shot into the Strv 103-o ammoracks or crew compartments

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The gun has good penetration and damage
* Four second reload time makes it much easier to dispatch enemy tanks
* The frontal armour is heavily sloped, which makes it quite tough even though being only 40 mm thick
* Has a tiny profile, making it much easier to hide in realistic and simulator battles
* Because the engine is located at the front most shots will not go through the whole tank if it penetrates and will simply be absorbed
* Has a 10 mm gun shield that will block most shrapnel.

'''Cons:'''

* The sloped frontal armour becomes redundant if faced with an enemy above it
* Very thin side and rear armour, any gun larger than a machine gun can go thro
* The turret is fixed to the hull and cannot swivel
* APDSFS and APDS shells will go straight through the front, most of the time no matter the angle

== History ==

Strv 103-0 is the prototype series before the head series with Strv 103A got delivered to the Swedish army. After the trial of the two trial vehicles S1 and S2 in 1961, Sweden ordered 10 pre-series Strv 103 which would become the 0-series. They were not finished until 1963, where they were put on trial to be combined with different vehicles to see how to efficiently utilize the tank system in squad and organization attempts. These attempts would have a great impact on how the Strv 103 would be shaped and molded and so the evaluation of the Strv 103 began that would last from 1963 till 1966. It only took half a year before it was decided that the Strv 103 "S" would become Sweden's new tank.

The trials with the 0-series worked well, the test results from the field testings, squad and organization attempts were favourable for the Strv 103-0 and it was not until 1964 that Sweden placed an order in a total value of around 500 million kr (SEK) which would total in 70 Strv 103 being produced to the first main series Strv 103 which would be designated [[Strv 103A]]. The main series tank order delivery started by 1967 giving the 0-series to be put to trials until the end of 1966.

=== [[wt:en/news/6505-development-strv-103-0-last-man-standing-en|Devblog]] ===
In the immediate postwar years, Sweden began looking for a replacement to the Centurion tanks, then in service with its army. The most straightforward solution was to once again look into the export market for potential candidates, although engineers were already working on a domestic design - the Kranvagn. While this process was ongoing, an engineer by the name of Sven Berge came up with a radical new tank design in 1956.

This new vehicle featured a turretless design with a cannon fixed to the hull, which would be trained onto its targets with the precise use of an adjustable suspension system. The design was based on results from a study on tank crew casualties during WWII and the Korean War, which showed a correlation between tank height and hit probability. As such, the 'S-Tank' was kept very small in dimensions and low in profile, while also utilizing some innovative new engineering solutions, such as a mixed power plant consisting of a diesel engine and a gas turbine.

In 1959, the Swedish government approved the construction and testing of two prototypes. In 1960, a pre-production batch of 10 vehicles of the '0-serie' was ordered for field trials, which went on into the mid '60s. Generating more than favorable test results, the vehicle was formally ordered into production and procured as the 'Stridsvagn 103'.

Despite its original purpose being to replace the Centurion tanks in the Swedish Army, the Strv 103 ended up serving alongside it for a number of decades, until it was ultimately decommissioned in the late 1990s. By that time, 290 Strv 103s were built, spanning over five variants.

== Media ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 07.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 08.jpg|
</gallery>

{{Youtube-gallery|qoprhFB5S7I|'''The Shooting Range #179''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 05:25 discusses the Strv 103.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6505-development-strv-103-0-last-man-standing-en|[Devblog] Strv 103-0: Last Man Standing]]

{{Sweden medium tanks}}
{{Sweden premium ground vehicles}}

Challenger 2 (2F)

2021-08-29T10:44:15Z

U1619975: Undo revision 109872 by U65816794 (talk) Poke me please

{{About
| about = British medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Challenger (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_challenger_2_dorchester
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The Challenger 2 (2F) was created to give increased protection against shaped charges and as much is evident when evaluating the armour. While the internal composite armour remains the same from the previous variant, a large amount of external composite and ERA has been added to the hull front and sides as well as the turret sides. Additional slat armour has also been mounted to the sides and rear of the hull and turret.

With the only real change being the additional external armour, the same structural weakspots that exist on the Challenger 2 remain on the 2F. The large driver's port is an obvious target for enemy armour, which can penetrate it at almost any angle due to only RHA protection. Kinetic rounds aimed through the driver's port from the direct or near-direct front will often go straight through the tank, often taking several crew members, the cannon breech or the engine, occasionally resulting in a knocked out crew. Chemical rounds are less effective but fragments may set off the charges stored next to the driver, especially when fired at from above.

The gun mantlet is also a large weakspot, although kinetic rounds will be most effective, as chemical rounds will often only knock out the cannon breech or be blocked by the optics mounted at the top of the gun, which will allow the tank to pull back and repair provided it has the distance to do so. Kinetic rounds will often not fragment properly, going straight through the back of the turret, at max taking out two crew members due to the breech acting as a shield to the other side of the turret. Only when attacking from above will rounds have a significant chance of detonating ammunition due to the 2 stage system used by British tanks. Any ammunition stored in the turret will be warheads which are not able to be detonated.

As with the last variant and many other MBTs, the sides have no real kinetic protection, however the 2F has additional protection against chemical rounds. Most shots to the side of the front half of the turret have a high likelihood of taking out the cannon breech and a crew member, occasionally knocking out 2 or 3 crew. Any shots the the back half of the turret from the side will be ineffective due to the large amount of empty space. Aiming low on the tank's hull will give the best results for penetration and ammo detonation. Despite the additional ERA on the lower frontal plate, chemical rounds such as the German DM12A1 can still get through, and can get through the side mounted composite screens on a flat angle (0-25°).

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 38-50 mm (56-83°) ''Upper Plate''
70 mm (31-34°) ''Lower Glacis'' 60 mm (0-80°) ''Driver's Port''
| 25 mm Top (70°)
25 mm Middle (0°) 38 mm ''Bottom'' (0°)
| 25 mm (32°) || 10-20 mm
|-
| Turret || 38 - 50 mm (56-82°) ''Turret Front'' 30 mm (3-82°) ''Gun Mantlet'' || 20-25 mm (8-10°) || 20 mm (18°) || 10-38 mm
|-
| Cupola || 8 mm (3-78°) || 8 mm (9-60°) || 8 mm (1-80°) || 44-60 mm
|-
!Composite Armour
!Front
! colspan="3" |Sides
|-
|Hull
|'''Upper''' Kinetic: 420-1000 mm Chemical: 700-950 mm '''Lower''' Kinetic: 100-400 mm Chemical: 350-570 mm
'''With Dorchester 2F Modification''' 
'''Upper''' Kinetic: 420-1000 mm Chemical: 700-1200 mm 
'''Lower''' Kinetic: 140-180 mm Chemical: 200-860 mm
| colspan="3" |'''Ext. Composite with NERA:''' Kinetic: 30 mm Chemical: 400 mm
|-
|Turret
|'''Turret Cheeks''' Kinetic: 440-720 mm Chemical: 780-1000 mm
| colspan="3" |'''Internal Composite''' Kinetic: 190-740 mm Chemical: 300-1000 mm '''Ext. Composite with NERA''' Kinetic: 30 mm Chemical: 400 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* ''Upper Frontal Plate'' has additional 10 mm external plate.
* ''Lower Frontal Plate'' has 25.4 mm external steel and ROMOR-A ERA. This is upgraded to a composite with NERA plate when mounting the Dorchester 2F upgrade, as detailed in the table above.
* Parts of the side and rear hull have mounted Slat Armour (50 mm Chemical Protection).

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,886|rbMinHp=1,076|AoAweight=1.1|weight=63.6}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|L30A1 (120 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L30A1 (120 mm)|120 mm L30A1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 29.5 || 40.8 || 49.6 || 54.8 || 58.4 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 18.4 || 21.7 || 26.4 || 29.1 || 31.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Shot L23A1 || APFSDS || 396 || 394 || 387 || 376 || 367 || 357
|-
| Shell L31A7 || HESH || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152
|-
| L26 || APFSDS || 493 || 491 || 487 || 481 || 474 || 468
|-
| L27A1 || APFSDS || 564 || 562 || 557 || 551 || 545 || 538
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Shot L23A1 || APFSDS || 1,535 || 3.89 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| Shell L31A7 || HESH || 670 || 17.1 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 6,560 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| L26 || APFSDS || 1,650 || 4.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| L27A1 || APFSDS || 1,650 || 4.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| L34 || 670 || 17.1 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo part
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50'''
| ''Projectiles'' ''Propellants''
| 44 ''(+6)'' 45 ''(+5)''
| 39 ''(+11)'' 39 ''(+11)''
| 32 ''(+18)'' 30 ''(+20)''
| 30 ''(+20)'' 22 ''(+28)''
| 28 ''(+22)'' 13 ''(+37)''
| 25 ''(+25)'' 5 ''(+45)''
| 22 ''(+28)'' 1 ''(+49)''
| 14 ''(+36)''  
| 5 ''(+45)''  
| 4 ''(+46)''  
| 1 ''(+49)''  
| No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_Challenger_2.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the Challenger 2]]

* Projectile racks 10 and 11, and propellant rack 7, are first-stage ammo racks
* Hull front empty: 22 ''(+28)''

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|L37A2 (7.62 mm)|L94A1 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L37A2 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L37A2]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,700 (100) || 650 || -10°/+50° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L94A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L94A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,300 (2,000) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

In many ways, the Challenger (2F) plays the same as the precursor [[Challenger 2]]. This is because the original armour from the base Challenger 2 chassis remains unchanged, the same occurs with the powerplant. However, it distinguishes with an increase in the ability to brawl, mainly because of the optional Dorchester armour package. The 2F can more confidently find itself brawling alongside its teammates. Though players should be wary of the adversaries they are facing to decide which way of engagement is safer, depending on the map or the circumstances of the battle.

==== Protecting the Challenger ====
Ideally, Challenger 2 needs distance to operate to its full potential as a support tank sniping from very afar. This is beneficial for 3 main reasons:

* Obscure major weak spots on frontal armour (Driver position and gun mantlet)
* Protect the side armour from faster tanks capable of flanking
* Increase the effectiveness of the armour against enemy rounds

As expected, the tank excels at sniping as it has access to its Depleted Uranium round, the L27A1. It will be enough to knock out most enemy tanks, even at large distances. The combined use of the laser range finder and this round will be very effective during sniping. Smoke rounds are readily available for more supporting roles. Some moments will be more appropriate to use the smoke shells, as when capturing a point, interrupting an enemy sniper, or covering allied tanks while they advance; perfect for those who desire a more teamplayer gameplay.
[[File:Challenger 2F hulldown.png|thumb|Challenger's gun elevation angles should be used to increase the armour effectiveness whenever possible.]]
Apart from distance, another key aspect in the gameplay of the Challenger 2 is the'' smart terrain placing and hull-down tactics''. The nearly-unbeatable turret cheeks of the Challenger 2 are one of its specialities, therefore is greatly rewarding to enhance these protection levels even more with the gun depression levels; in a way echoing the older British MBTs as the Chieftains and Challenger Mk.1

The best way to use this strong turret protection is by choosing uneven terrain, where the lower frontal plate remains hidden from the enemy light of sight. Usually, on slopes, small rocks, impact craters or even destroyed enemy tanks. Most maps will offer some degree of elevations or slopes in which the Challenger 2 can lay down to snipe. This hull-down can be mixed with shoot-and-scoot tactics and sustained throughout the entire match, if done correctly this is one of the best ways of fighting.

Unfortunately, this playstyle comes with the hindrance of putting the Challenger 2 in exposed positions against enemy aircraft and helicopters, therefore is very important to relocate and keep a situational awareness, even if the tank is not in the core of the fight. Luckily, the Challenger can now more easily resist missiles from helicopters which one can expect to happen in open areas that lend to sniping. This is possible provided the missile does not hit the roof, so if a player sees a missile approaching, release smoke grenades and aim the turret towards the missile. The slat armour on the back of the tank is very effective against chemical rounds, including missiles, which can be the difference between living and being knocked out. Once hit, however, it will fall off and therefore players should attempt to avoid exposing their rear more-so where slat armour has been destroyed.

==== Urban maps ====
Brawling with the Challenger is now more plausible because of the 2F armour pack, although is not recommended to brawl in every scenario. Since the tank is heavier, taller and with more weak spots than many tanks in close ranges. Especially against enemies such as the [[T-90A]] or [[T-72B3]]. Both of these Soviet tanks are similar in speed to the Challenger, but their weak spots in frontal armour are harder to pinpoint than those on the Challenger. The brawling also creates an unsustainable situation against relentless adversaries such as the [[Leopard (Family)|Leopards]], [[T-80 (Family)|T-80]]<nowiki/>s or other various light tanks. Whenever possible, these fast vehicles will flank the Challenger 2. If CQB cannot be avoided, slight angling should be used to counter rounds. Players should attempt to draw attention to their turret or bait shots onto the Challenger 2s impenetrable turret cheeks, any experienced enemy player will quickly target the gun mantlet or driver's hatch. Challenger players should never attempt to endure in brawling with tanks as a [[Leopard 2A6]] or [[Ariete]], these tanks bring powerful rounds capable of nullifying any armour advantage of the Challenger on close ranges.

Anticipation, ambushing and camping tactics are important while in urban areas (guarding roads, crossroads or bridges). Moving up, taking a position, and waiting to see tanks or hear approaching engines is a viable strategy. Especially when going against Russian or American tanks, as their turbine engines give off that characteristic rotary whine.

During the early module research, the urban engagements can be done with some level of success, once the laser rangefinder, 2F armour pack and the L27A1 round has been researched, the full sniping potential of the Challenger 2 will be unleashed.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Effective side-ERA against air-to-ground missiles
* Fast reload, particularly for a 120 mm (5 seconds aced)
* Sights with high zoom, 2nd generation thermals and a wide FOV
* High reverse of -40 km/h
* The L30A1 120 mm gun is incredibly accurate, even at long range
* Turret cheeks are invulnerable to all HEAT-FS and APFSDS, including the dreaded DM53 shell

'''Cons:'''

* Vulnerable commander's hatch and cannon breech
* No CITV (Commander Independent Thermal Viewer)
* Dorchester 2F only marginally increases LFP armour against FIN shells and ATGMs
* Dorchester 2F adds 1,100 kg of weight to an already sluggish tank
* L27A1 has low penetration compared to other top rank NATO ammunition
* Accessible weakspots, especially the gun mantlet

== History ==

The Challenger 2F or CR2 TES is an upgraded version of the Challenger 2, featuring the upgrade kit known as TES (Theatre Entry Standard) and nicknamed 'Megatron'. The upgrade protection kit saw several adjustments over the years until the present time.

These modifications were ordered by the MOD, as part of the numerous updates inside the Challenger 2's LEP (Life Extension Programme) to increase the operability, lethality and protection of the 1998 design until 2025, or until a new British MBT design is available. The TES aims to increase the protection levels against the operational threats of the British Army such as the IEDs, hollow charges or Tandem charges - common threats during suburban deployments.

'''MCS'''

The Challenger 2 was covered with an MCS (Mobile Camouflage System) all around the tank, reducing the heat signature and keeping the vehicle almost indistinguishable from Thermal imaging devices.

'''Bar armour '''

The slat or bar armour was added to the sides and the rear of the vehicle to increase the levels of protection against rocket-propelled grenades while not downgrading the mobility of the Challenger. The bar armour must disrupt any hollow charges from detonating; either by crushing it upon impact or damaging the warhead and the fuze through contact with the '''bars.'''

'''Dorchester 2F armour kit'''

Most previous NERA (Non-Explosive Reactive Armour) side plates have been reinforced with additional Dorchester armour plates, notably the lower frontal-glacis protection was drastically improved, with the addition of a large block of Dorchester armour; augmenting the protection in one of the most vulnerable areas for the Challenger 2. Furthermore, the sides of the turret also received external Dorchester armour packages, enhancing the protection of the crew inside the fighting compartment from possible side-attacks.

'''Remote controlled weapon systems (RCWS) '''

As an offensive upgrade, the TES received a new Remote controlled weapon systems (RCWS) over the loader's hatch ring, capable of assessing the battlefield and engaging light targets or infantry from within the vehicle. Previously, the operator had to open the hatch to fire the pintle-mounted L37A2 7.62mm GPMG machine gun.

The CR2 TES also received IED jammers near the left and right front fenders and ECM countermeasures antennas capable of detecting nearby Improvised Explosive Devices.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=uk_challenger_2_dorchester Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Gj2pAfJ5cxo|'''Should You Grind The Challenger 2 (2F)?''' - ''Sako Sniper''}}

== See also ==


;Analogues in other nations

* [[Leopard 2A6]]
* [[Ariete PSO]]
* [[Leclerc S2]]
* [[M1A2 Abrams]]
* [[T-72B3]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain medium tanks}}

Battle Pass Seasons

2021-08-20T20:27:55Z

U1619975: Undo revision 109043 by U105837429 (talk)

{{Frame-card
|img=File:BP main.png
|text='''Battle Pass''' is an event during which you will earn progress points and use them to open new levels. Each opened level brings you a valuable reward, from Silver Lions and boosters to exclusive season prizes: decorations, profile icons and premium vehicles.

You can join the Battle Pass seasons immediately after purchase of any researchable vehicle of rank II of any gaming nation.
You can access the “Battle Pass” window through the promo block on the right side in the hangar screen.
}}

== Battle Pass ==
[[File:BP awards.jpg|thumb|Examples of awards]]
Battle pass allows you to pick up awards from all already opened season levels. It can be purchased for Golden Eagles in the game at any time and pick up all awards from already opened levels.

You can also open levels and receive awards with the mark “Free” without the “Battle Pass”.

=== Other benefits from Golden Eagles ===
Improved battle pass - works like a normal battle pass but its purchase opens 15 season levels and prizes from them can be picked up immediately.

Battle Pass season levels can be opened for Golden Eagles but this option is only available after the purchase of a Battle Pass or an improved Battle Pass.

The cost of level purchasing for Golden Eagles increases according to the number of levels purchased previously.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Already purchased levels (including levels from an improved Battle Pass) !! Level cost
|-
| Until 14 || 75
|-
| 15 – 24 || 125
|-
| 25 – 34 || 175
|-
| 35 and higher || 250
|}

{{Notice
|In terms of Golden Eagles, buying levels as part of an improved Battle Pass may be more profitable than buying levels individually. For 15 levels it will be 500 Golden Eagles.
|+
}}

During the first four weeks of the season you can purchase 15 levels (but not more than 150 progress points). The levels purchased as part of the improved Battle Pass or the purchase of separate levels will be taken into account. The opportunity to purchase the remaining levels of the Battle Pass will be opened from the 29th day of the season.

== Season ==
Each Battle Pass season lasts a minimum of 13 weeks. The level lineup is endless and after receiving all exclusive awards you can continue to participate in the “Battle Pass” season and receive new awards.

Seasons have exclusive awards and their duration can be adjusted to suit other game events.
* [[Battle Pass: Season IV, "Fearless Voltigeur"]]
* [[Battle Pass: Season III, "Strength athletics"]]
* [[Battle Pass: Season II, "Steel Centurion"]]
* [[Battle Pass: Season I, 75th Anniversary of the Great Victory]]

== Progress points ==
Progress points are required to open each season's levels. Each level opens for 10 progress points. Points will be awarded for entering the game daily, completing Battle tasks and Season tasks.

=== Entering the game ===
Progress points will be awarded together with daily entry rewards. The more often you visit the game during the season (only one login daily), the more progress points you will receive for the next entrances.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Days logged into the game !! Award in progress points
|-
| 1 – 21 || 1
|-
| 22 – 42 || 2
|-
| 43 – 63 || 3
|-
| 64 – 77 || 4
|-
| 78 – 91 || 5
|}

{{Notice
|The progress points counter will work independently of the daily login counter and will not be reset if you don’t attend the game regularly.
}}

=== Battle Tasks ===
Completing Battle Tasks brings you Progress points!

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Task complexity !! Award in progress points
|-
| Easy task || 2
|-
| Medium task || 3
|-
| Special task || 5 + “Battle trophy” award
|}

Special tasks must first be purchased in the [[Warbonds]] shop. You can do this if you have a special permit that will be issued together with an award for performing a battle task of medium complexity.
Permits will be collected during the season and can be used when convenient. When the season ends, unused permits and unperformed battle tasks will disappear.

=== Season Challenges ===
Season tasks are tasks of high complexity which can be performed in battles in the main game modes. Task completion will be awarded with 30 Progress points. Completion of all 14 tasks will be awarded with an additional prize of 45 Progress points.

Season tasks are listed on the additional “Tasks” tab in the main “Battle Pass” window.

There are 14 tasks available in one single season. They are not immediately available:

* At the season start, you will have 1 task.
* Each week, you will be issued one new task.
* 3 tasks can be received among the prizes for opened levels.

== F.A.Q. ==

* ''How long does a season last?''

: The minimum duration for a season is 75 days. But it may also be longer, depending on the calendar and other in game events.

* ''Can I earn progress points and receive prizes after a season ends?''

: No, after the season ends any earning of progress points will be disabled until the start of a new season. Please note also that all earned in the current season permissions for performing (Special) tasks will be reset. So you will not be able to “stockpile” them between seasons.

* ''Will it be possible to use the awards after a season ends?''

: Yes, all rewards will remain with you after a season ends. Some of the prizes are exclusive and can be received only during the season, but you can use them without any restrictions.

* ''How do I purchase a “Battle Pass”?''

: The "Battle Pass" and "Improved Battle Pass" can be purchased for Golden Eagles on the special in-game page. You can also purchase “Battle Pass” levels for Golden Eagles.

* ''What will happen if I purchase a “Battle Pass” after a season has started, in the middle or at the end of the season?''

: You will receive all the rewards you have earned, both exclusive and free, up to your current “Battle Pass'' level at the end of the event. Taking into account that the speed of earning progress points is not reliant on the purchase of a “Battle Pass” nor is it necessary to purchase a “Battle Pass” immediately. However it is not advisable to delay its purchase as a late receipt of the part of the “Battle Pass” rewards may deprive you of your well-deserved competitive advantage in the peak season. ''

* ''Why is it preferable to purchase the “Improved Battle Pass”? Does it give any special prize?''

: An “Improved Battle Pass” doesn't give access to any special new prizes, but it does open 15 levels of the “battle Pass” immediately, which is 20% of the entire basic prize table.

* ''Do I have to purchase a "Battle Pass"? Is it possible to receive rewards for free?''

: It isn’t necessary to purchase a “Battle Pass”. In any season, a significant part of the prize fund is free, including one of the exclusive premium vehicles. Also all the Warbonds within the main part of the prize table are free.

* ''Can I earn progress points on any vehicles and in any game modes?''

: The process of earning progress points is universal in terms of awards for entering the game. Earning the Daily Battle Tasks are traditionally connected with random battles with restrictions on low rank vehicles. Accordingly, earning on Season Сhallenges of the “Battle Pass” is made by analogy with daily tasks and are also connected to random battles and has restrictions on the Battle Rating of the vehicles. On some vehicle types there are no restrictions at all: you can earn progress points in all vehicle types; aircraft, ground vehicles, naval vessels and helicopters.

* ''As the known number of Warbonds that you can collect is limited. What will happen if my prize in the Warbonds exceeds this limit? Will it just “expire” to nowhere?''

: No, earned Warbonds will not “expire”. The awarding of a prize will just be postponed until you have spent an amount of Warbonds to fit the limit for the selected prize.

* ''Will I be able to trade received coupons on the market?''

: Yes, after the coupon becomes tradable. You must make the coupon tradable with the Coupon Upgrade prize item, then wait until the resulting tradable coupon becomes available for sale. The date the coupon becomes tradable may vary per season, but will not be less than 75 days after upgrade. [[Category:Game mechanics]]

XM1 (Chrysler)

2021-08-13T22:26:32Z

U1619975: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_xm1_chrysler
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]]. The XM-1 (Chrysler) is an Xbox One exclusive vehicle, only available from the [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/war-thunder-xm-1-chrysler/bxntjdjgsk54?activetab=pivot:overviewtab Microsoft store].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The armour on this vehicle is not very good. Most APFSDS at this rank will have no issue penetrating the armoured zones with ease. In a down-tier, you will be able to soak up some damage when being hit by weaker rounds, but not much.

'''Armour type:'''

* Spaced armour (Hull front)
* Composite armour (Turret front)
* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 50.8 mm (81°), 38.1 mm (81°) ''Upper glacis'' 76.2* mm + 38.1* mm (25°), 31.75 mm (68°) ''Lower glacis'' || 19 mm ''Sponson'' 38.1 mm ''Front'' 27.6 mm ''Rear'' || 31.75 mm (6-56°) || 31.75 mm ''Front'' 25.4 mm ''Sides'' 5 mm ''Engine grilles''
|-
| Turret || 38.2** mm (32°) + 102** mm ''Turret cheeks'' 203 mm (5-58°) ''Gun mantlet'' 38.1 mm (68-81°), 50.8 mm (77°) ''Upper'' 25 mm (78-81°) ''Turret underside'' || 38 mm (36°) ''Left'' 38 mm (35°) ''Right'' || 12.7 mm (40-49°) || 31.75 mm ''Front'' 25.4 mm ''Rear'' 12.7 mm ''Blowout panels''
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 25.4 mm || 25.4 mm
|-
! Spaced armour* !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 225 mm ''Kinetic'' 155 mm ''Chemical'' || N/A || N/A || N/A
|-
! Composite armour** !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Turret || '''Turret front:''' 240 mm ''Kinetic'' 550 mm ''Chemical'' || N/A || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick
* 38 mm RHA plate separates the fighting compartment from the engine
* 38 mm RHA plate between the driver and fuel tanks
* Side skirts are 6.35 mm thick

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=2,357|rbMinHp=1,345}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M68 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M68 (105 mm)|105 mm M68]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 55 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 34.27 || 47.44 || 57.60 || 63.70 || 67.76 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 21.42 || 25.20 || 30.60 || 33.84 || 36.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M728 || APDS || 260 || 258 || 250 || 240 || 231 || 222
|-
| M393A2 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| M456 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| M735 || APFSDS || 353 || 350 || 342 || 333 || 322 || 312
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M728 || APDS || 1,426 || 4.65 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| M393A2 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 4,310 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M456 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M735 || APFSDS || 1,501 || 3.7 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 76° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M416 || 730 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''55''' || 53 ''(+2)'' || 48 ''(+7)'' || 25 ''(+30)'' || 1 ''(+54)'' || No
|-
|}

* Rack 4 is a first-stage ammo rack

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|M85 (12.7 mm)|M240 (7.62 mm)|M60D (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M85 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M85]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (200) || 626 || -9°/+65° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M60D (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M60D]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (100) || 651 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M240 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M240]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 6,000 (200) || 941 || ±6° || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


This vehicle is best used as a support tank to flank and knock out other tanks from their flanks and not as a "brawler". Instead of charging full speed into the enemy head on. This tank is best suited to attacking from the flank. Flanking is where this tank succeeds, using its speed and manoeuvrability to get to the rear or sides of the enemy. Another good tactic is to shoot-and-scoot to maximize the manoeuvrability and gun over an opponent.

This tank can also be used to devastating effect in urban combat. In urban combat, it is advised that you never go alone, stay with or behind friendly tanks, and do not rush forward. If you play an ambush and defensive style of combat, at least at the beginning of the match, it is likely you will be able to get multiple kills/assists and should be able to stop the enemy push. If your team is winning, and the enemy is outnumbered, it may be possible to push forward quickly but cautiously, in order to flank and catch enemies off guard, hopefully securing victory for your team.

The survivability of the XM-1 (Chrysler): The XM-1 has relatively weak armour, but it is oddly survivable. It is somewhat rare to get killed by a single shot when playing the XM-1. Usually, it takes two or more shots to take it out, thanks to the spacey interior, and the blowout ammo racks in the turret. However a single heat-fs hit will render you knocked out of the fight.
Sometimes it takes up to 10 badly aimed or unlucky shots to take out the XM-1, this is especially true for long-range shots. To further increase the survivability odds, use the terrain to cover you, after firing a shot reverse back and pop out again like a jack in a box. The excellent mobility of this fine tank allows for this to achieved, and used well it can turn the tide of a impending defeat to a victory.

Some enemies to be concerned about:

[[T-64B]]: Aim for the drivers hatch if you facing it frontally. If possible, get around its side and hit it dead under the turret, you will blow up its ammo racks this way.

[[Leopard 2A4]], [[Leopard 2A5]] & [[Type 90]] is extremely potent against XM-1's seeing as their speed and mobility is similar but the Leo has a better gun. The 2K, however, lacks sufficient armour to defeat your ammunition so hit the lower front plate or turret with M735.

[[Leopard 2A4]], [[Leopard 2A5]] & [[Type 90]]: The hull and gun mantlets are weak spots and can be penetrated with M735. The Type 90 also has a glaring turret ring that can easily be targeted and penetrated.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very good speed, manoeuvrability and acceleration
* Very fast turret traverse
* Excellent manoeuvrability/speed
* Not one, not two, but three secondary machine guns
* Blow out ammo rack prevents an ammo shot from destroying the tank immediately

'''Cons:'''

* Average gun against enemies
* While it has composite armour, it is useless against most weapons it will face
* Gun is sub-par; same APFSDS round (360 mm of penetration point-blank) as on the Type 74 and M60A1 RISE (P)
* Front plate is made up of spaced armour, which doesn't provide the protection comparable to composite
* Similar ammo storage to the M1 Abrams, has the same side weak spot (although it is rarely exploited, due to the sub-par armour everywhere else)
* Tracks are very noisy (louder than the engine!)

== History ==


It started in the early 1970s, at the height of the Cold War and the arms race. After the joint German-American project to create the MBT-70 main battle tank was closed, and the new all-American XM803 project was deemed an insufficient and too expensive response to the newest Soviet developments, the US Department of Defense developed a new list of requirements for the future American main battle tank. Two engineering giants joined the contest: the Chrysler and General Motors companies. Both contestants decided to use the developments for the MBT-70 and XM803 to design a new tank. Many corrections and additions were made to the tactical and technical requirements of the American government, first and foremost, on the defensive characteristics of the future main battle tank. The requirements for the tank's armour and survivability increased, along with its maintainability in the field. In addition, the Arab-Israeli conflict showed that a modern tank must have the ability to effectively destroy armoured targets at long distances, including with kinetic shells, and also have a sufficiently large complement of shells. In spite of the changes and additions to the technical specification, the contestants managed to achieve their goals, and by 1976, they presented their developments, the experimental prototypes of the XM-1 tank, for testing. Both vehicles were outwardly very similar, with practically identical dimensions. They were alike in their layouts and used the same 105 mm M68 rifled cannon. Both tanks turned out very well. Which prototype did the military choose, and why?

The XM-1 (GM), the contest model from General Motors, became a further development of ideas and technological solutions for the MBT-70 and XM803 projects, including the diesel powertrain and mixed undercarriage with six roller wheels per side, three with hydraulic suspension and three with torsion bar suspension. The competitor to General Motors, the Chrysler company, used their XM-1 (C) model to present not only a progressive gas-turbine engine but also a new undercarriage with seven independent roller wheels on each side with individual torsion bar suspension. In addition, the Chrysler engineers were able to save funds on constructing the tank by optimizing the components of the aiming equipment and the gun stabilization system. These details played a decisive role in the selection of the contractor to make the XM-1 project a reality. In spite of the fact that numerous flaws and "teething problems" arose during the project, the prototype for the USA's next-generation main battle tank was confirmed. After several cycles of correcting issues and modernizing the prototype XM-1 (C), the first vehicles began to be deployed under the designation M1 Abrams.

''-From [[wt:en/news/5515-development-xm-1-c-and-xm-1-gm-ancestors-of-the-abrams-updated-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=us_xm1_chrysler Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:XM-1 (GM) and (C) Comparison.jpeg|thumb|none|300px|Side by side comparison between a [[XM-1 (GM)]] and a {{PAGENAME}}.]] </li>
</ul></div>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|WAV4oXHb5aY|'''Premium Vehicles: XM-1 GM vs Chrysler''' - ''War Thunder Wiki''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5515-development-xm-1-c-and-xm-1-gm-ancestors-of-the-abrams-updated-en|[Devblog] XM-1 (C) and XM-1 (GM): Ancestors of the Abrams]]
* [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/war-thunder-xm-1-chrysler/bxntjdjgsk54?activetab=pivot:overviewtab Microsoft Store - XM-1 Chrysler]

{{TankManufacturer Chrysler Defense}}
{{USA medium tanks}}
{{USA premium ground vehicles}}

XM1 (Chrysler)

2021-08-13T16:57:37Z

U1619975: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_xm1_chrysler
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]]. The XM-1 (Chrysler) is an Xbox One exclusive vehicle, only available from the [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/war-thunder-xm-1-chrysler/bxntjdjgsk54?activetab=pivot:overviewtab Microsoft store].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The armour on this vehicle is not very good. Most APFSDS at this rank will have no issue penetrating the armoured zones with ease. In a down-tier, you will be able to soak up some damage when being hit by weaker rounds, but not much.

'''Armour type:'''

* Spaced armour (Hull front)
* Composite armour (Turret front)
* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 50.8 mm (81°), 38.1 mm (81°) ''Upper glacis'' 76.2* mm + 38.1* mm (25°), 31.75 mm (68°) ''Lower glacis'' || 19 mm ''Sponson'' 38.1 mm ''Front'' 27.6 mm ''Rear'' || 31.75 mm (6-56°) || 31.75 mm ''Front'' 25.4 mm ''Sides'' 5 mm ''Engine grilles''
|-
| Turret || 38.2** mm (32°) + 102** mm ''Turret cheeks'' 203 mm (5-58°) ''Gun mantlet'' 38.1 mm (68-81°), 50.8 mm (77°) ''Upper'' 25 mm (78-81°) ''Turret underside'' || 38 mm (36°) ''Left'' 38 mm (35°) ''Right'' || 12.7 mm (40-49°) || 31.75 mm ''Front'' 25.4 mm ''Rear'' 12.7 mm ''Blowout panels''
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 25.4 mm || 25.4 mm
|-
! Spaced armour* !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 225 mm ''Kinetic'' 155 mm ''Chemical'' || N/A || N/A || N/A
|-
! Composite armour** !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Turret || '''Turret front:''' 240 mm ''Kinetic'' 550 mm ''Chemical'' || N/A || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick
* 38 mm RHA plate separates the fighting compartment from the engine
* 38 mm RHA plate between the driver and fuel tanks
* Side skirts are 6.35 mm thick

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=2,357|rbMinHp=1,345}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M68 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M68 (105 mm)|105 mm M68]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 55 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 34.27 || 47.44 || 57.60 || 63.70 || 67.76 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 21.42 || 25.20 || 30.60 || 33.84 || 36.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M728 || APDS || 260 || 258 || 250 || 240 || 231 || 222
|-
| M393A2 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| M456 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| M735 || APFSDS || 353 || 350 || 342 || 333 || 322 || 312
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M728 || APDS || 1,426 || 4.65 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| M393A2 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 4,310 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M456 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M735 || APFSDS || 1,501 || 3.7 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 76° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M416 || 730 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''55''' || 53 ''(+2)'' || 48 ''(+7)'' || 25 ''(+30)'' || 1 ''(+54)'' || No
|-
|}

* Rack 4 is a first-stage ammo rack

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|M85 (12.7 mm)|M240 (7.62 mm)|M60D (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M85 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M85]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (200) || 626 || -9°/+65° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M60D (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M60D]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (100) || 651 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M240 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M240]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 6,000 (200) || 941 || ±6° || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


This vehicle is best used as a support tank and not as a "brawler". Flanking is where this tank succeeds, using its speed and manoeuvrability to get to the rear or sides of the enemy. Another good tactic is to shoot-and-scoot to maximize the manoeuvrability and gun over an opponent.

This vehicle is best used as a support tank to flank and knock out other tanks from their flanks and not as a "brawler". Instead of charging full speed into the enemy head on. This tank is best suited to attacking from the flank. Flanking is where this tank succeeds, using its speed and manoeuvrability to get to the rear or sides of the enemy. Another good tactic is to shoot-and-scoot to maximize the manoeuvrability and gun over an opponent.

This tank can also be used to devastating effect in urban combat. In urban combat, it is advised that you never go alone, stay with or behind friendly tanks, and do not rush forward. If you play an ambush and defensive style of combat, at least at the beginning of the match, it is likely you will be able to get multiple kills/assists and should be able to stop the enemy push. If your team is winning, and the enemy is outnumbered, it may be possible to push forward quickly but cautiously, in order to flank and catch enemies off guard, hopefully securing victory for your team.

The survivability of the XM-1 (Chrysler): The XM-1 has relatively weak armour, but it is oddly survivable. It is somewhat rare to get killed by a single shot when playing the XM-1. Usually, it takes two or more shots to take it out, thanks to the spacey interior, and the blowout ammo racks in the turret. However a single heat-fs hit will render you knocked out of the fight.
Sometimes it takes up to 10 badly aimed or unlucky shots to take out the XM-1, this is especially true for long-range shots. To further increase the survivability odds, use the terrain to cover you, after firing a shot reverse back and pop out again like a jack in a box. The excellent mobility of this fine tank allows for this to achieved, and used well it can turn the tide of a impending defeat to a victory.

Some enemies to be concerned about:

[[T-64B]]: Aim for the drivers hatch if you facing it frontally. If possible, get around its side and hit it dead under the turret, you will blow up its ammo racks this way.

[[Leopard 2A4]], [[Leopard 2A5]] & [[Type 90]] is extremely potent against XM-1's seeing as their speed and mobility is similar but the Leo has a better gun. The 2K, however, lacks sufficient armour to defeat your ammunition so hit the lower front plate or turret with M735.

[[Leopard 2A4]], [[Leopard 2A5]] & [[Type 90]]: The hull and gun mantlets are weak spots and can be penetrated with M735. The Type 90 also has a glaring turret ring that can easily be targeted and penetrated.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very good speed, manoeuvrability and acceleration
* Very fast turret traverse
* Excellent manoeuvrability/speed
* Not one, not two, but three secondary machine guns
* Blow out ammo rack prevents an ammo shot from destroying the tank immediately

'''Cons:'''

* Average gun against enemies
* While it has composite armour, it is useless against most weapons it will face
* Gun is sub-par; same APFSDS round (360 mm of penetration point-blank) as on the Type 74 and M60A1 RISE (P)
* Front plate is made up of spaced armour, which doesn't provide the protection comparable to composite
* Similar ammo storage to the M1 Abrams, has the same side weak spot (although it is rarely exploited, due to the sub-par armour everywhere else)
* Tracks are very noisy (louder than the engine!)

== History ==


It started in the early 1970s, at the height of the Cold War and the arms race. After the joint German-American project to create the MBT-70 main battle tank was closed, and the new all-American XM803 project was deemed an insufficient and too expensive response to the newest Soviet developments, the US Department of Defense developed a new list of requirements for the future American main battle tank. Two engineering giants joined the contest: the Chrysler and General Motors companies. Both contestants decided to use the developments for the MBT-70 and XM803 to design a new tank. Many corrections and additions were made to the tactical and technical requirements of the American government, first and foremost, on the defensive characteristics of the future main battle tank. The requirements for the tank's armour and survivability increased, along with its maintainability in the field. In addition, the Arab-Israeli conflict showed that a modern tank must have the ability to effectively destroy armoured targets at long distances, including with kinetic shells, and also have a sufficiently large complement of shells. In spite of the changes and additions to the technical specification, the contestants managed to achieve their goals, and by 1976, they presented their developments, the experimental prototypes of the XM-1 tank, for testing. Both vehicles were outwardly very similar, with practically identical dimensions. They were alike in their layouts and used the same 105 mm M68 rifled cannon. Both tanks turned out very well. Which prototype did the military choose, and why?

The XM-1 (GM), the contest model from General Motors, became a further development of ideas and technological solutions for the MBT-70 and XM803 projects, including the diesel powertrain and mixed undercarriage with six roller wheels per side, three with hydraulic suspension and three with torsion bar suspension. The competitor to General Motors, the Chrysler company, used their XM-1 (C) model to present not only a progressive gas-turbine engine but also a new undercarriage with seven independent roller wheels on each side with individual torsion bar suspension. In addition, the Chrysler engineers were able to save funds on constructing the tank by optimizing the components of the aiming equipment and the gun stabilization system. These details played a decisive role in the selection of the contractor to make the XM-1 project a reality. In spite of the fact that numerous flaws and "teething problems" arose during the project, the prototype for the USA's next-generation main battle tank was confirmed. After several cycles of correcting issues and modernizing the prototype XM-1 (C), the first vehicles began to be deployed under the designation M1 Abrams.

''-From [[wt:en/news/5515-development-xm-1-c-and-xm-1-gm-ancestors-of-the-abrams-updated-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=us_xm1_chrysler Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:XM-1 (GM) and (C) Comparison.jpeg|thumb|none|300px|Side by side comparison between a [[XM-1 (GM)]] and a {{PAGENAME}}.]] </li>
</ul></div>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|WAV4oXHb5aY|'''Premium Vehicles: XM-1 GM vs Chrysler''' - ''War Thunder Wiki''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5515-development-xm-1-c-and-xm-1-gm-ancestors-of-the-abrams-updated-en|[Devblog] XM-1 (C) and XM-1 (GM): Ancestors of the Abrams]]
* [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/war-thunder-xm-1-chrysler/bxntjdjgsk54?activetab=pivot:overviewtab Microsoft Store - XM-1 Chrysler]

{{TankManufacturer Chrysler Defense}}
{{USA medium tanks}}
{{USA premium ground vehicles}}

XM1 (Chrysler)

2021-08-13T16:47:55Z

U1619975: Undo revision 108829 by U36975796 (talk)

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_xm1_chrysler
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]]. The XM-1 (Chrysler) is an Xbox One exclusive vehicle, only available from the [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/war-thunder-xm-1-chrysler/bxntjdjgsk54?activetab=pivot:overviewtab Microsoft store].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The armour on this vehicle is not very good. Most APFSDS at this rank will have no issue penetrating the armoured zones with ease. In a down-tier, you will be able to soak up some damage when being hit by weaker rounds, but not much.

'''Armour type:'''

* Spaced armour (Hull front)
* Composite armour (Turret front)
* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 50.8 mm (81°), 38.1 mm (81°) ''Upper glacis'' 76.2* mm + 38.1* mm (25°), 31.75 mm (68°) ''Lower glacis'' || 19 mm ''Sponson'' 38.1 mm ''Front'' 27.6 mm ''Rear'' || 31.75 mm (6-56°) || 31.75 mm ''Front'' 25.4 mm ''Sides'' 5 mm ''Engine grilles''
|-
| Turret || 38.2** mm (32°) + 102** mm ''Turret cheeks'' 203 mm (5-58°) ''Gun mantlet'' 38.1 mm (68-81°), 50.8 mm (77°) ''Upper'' 25 mm (78-81°) ''Turret underside'' || 38 mm (36°) ''Left'' 38 mm (35°) ''Right'' || 12.7 mm (40-49°) || 31.75 mm ''Front'' 25.4 mm ''Rear'' 12.7 mm ''Blowout panels''
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 25.4 mm || 25.4 mm
|-
! Spaced armour* !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 225 mm ''Kinetic'' 155 mm ''Chemical'' || N/A || N/A || N/A
|-
! Composite armour** !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Turret || '''Turret front:''' 240 mm ''Kinetic'' 550 mm ''Chemical'' || N/A || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick
* 38 mm RHA plate separates the fighting compartment from the engine
* 38 mm RHA plate between the driver and fuel tanks
* Side skirts are 6.35 mm thick

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=2,357|rbMinHp=1,345}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M68 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M68 (105 mm)|105 mm M68]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 55 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 34.27 || 47.44 || 57.60 || 63.70 || 67.76 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 21.42 || 25.20 || 30.60 || 33.84 || 36.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M728 || APDS || 260 || 258 || 250 || 240 || 231 || 222
|-
| M393A2 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| M456 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| M735 || APFSDS || 353 || 350 || 342 || 333 || 322 || 312
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M728 || APDS || 1,426 || 4.65 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| M393A2 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 4,310 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M456 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M735 || APFSDS || 1,501 || 3.7 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 76° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M416 || 730 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''55''' || 53 ''(+2)'' || 48 ''(+7)'' || 25 ''(+30)'' || 1 ''(+54)'' || No
|-
|}

* Rack 4 is a first-stage ammo rack

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|M85 (12.7 mm)|M240 (7.62 mm)|M60D (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M85 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M85]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (200) || 626 || -9°/+65° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M60D (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M60D]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (100) || 651 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M240 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M240]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 6,000 (200) || 941 || ±6° || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


This vehicle is best used as a support tank and not as a "brawler". Flanking is where this tank succeeds, using its speed and manoeuvrability to get to the rear or sides of the enemy. Another good tactic is to shoot-and-scoot to maximize the manoeuvrability and gun over an opponent.

This vehicle is best used as a support tank and not as a "brawler". Flanking is where this tank succeeds, using its speed and manoeuvrability to get to the rear or sides of the enemy. Another good tactic is to shoot-and-scoot to maximize the manoeuvrability and gun over an opponent. This tank can also be used to devastating effect in urban combat. In urban combat, it is advised that you never go alone, stay with or behind friendly tanks, and do not rush forward. If you play an ambush and defensive style of combat, at least at the beginning of the match, it is likely you will be able to get multiple kills/assists and should be able to stop the enemy push. If your team is winning, and the enemy is outnumbered, it may be possible to push forward quickly but cautiously, in order to flank and catch enemies off guard, hopefully securing victory for your team.

The survivability of the XM-1 (Chrysler): The XM-1 has relatively weak armour, but it is oddly survivable. It is somewhat rare to get killed by a single shot when playing the XM-1. Usually, it takes two or more shots to take it out, thanks to the spacey interior, and the blowout ammo racks in the turret. However a single heat-fs hit will render you knocked out of the fight.
Sometimes it takes up to 10 badly aimed or unlucky shots to take out the XM-1, this is especially true for long-range shots. To further increase the survivability odds, use the terrain to cover you, after firing a shot reverse back and pop out again like a jack in a box. The excellent mobility of this fine tank allows for this to achieved, and used well it can turn the tide of a impending defeat to a victory.

Some enemies to be concerned about:

[[T-64B]]: Aim for the drivers hatch if you facing it frontally. If possible, get around its side and hit it dead under the turret, you will blow up its ammo racks this way.

[[Leopard 2A4]], [[Leopard 2A5]] & [[Type 90]] is extremely potent against XM-1's seeing as their speed and mobility is similar but the Leo has a better gun. The 2K, however, lacks sufficient armour to defeat your ammunition so hit the lower front plate or turret with M735.

[[Leopard 2A4]], [[Leopard 2A5]] & [[Type 90]]: The hull and gun mantlets are weak spots and can be penetrated with M735. The Type 90 also has a glaring turret ring that can easily be targeted and penetrated.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very good speed, manoeuvrability and acceleration
* Very fast turret traverse
* Excellent manoeuvrability/speed
* Not one, not two, but three secondary machine guns
* Blow out ammo rack prevents an ammo shot from destroying the tank immediately

'''Cons:'''

* Average gun against enemies
* While it has composite armour, it is useless against most weapons it will face
* Gun is sub-par; same APFSDS round (360 mm of penetration point-blank) as on the Type 74 and M60A1 RISE (P)
* Front plate is made up of spaced armour, which doesn't provide the protection comparable to composite
* Similar ammo storage to the M1 Abrams, has the same side weak spot (although it is rarely exploited, due to the sub-par armour everywhere else)
* Tracks are very noisy (louder than the engine!)

== History ==


It started in the early 1970s, at the height of the Cold War and the arms race. After the joint German-American project to create the MBT-70 main battle tank was closed, and the new all-American XM803 project was deemed an insufficient and too expensive response to the newest Soviet developments, the US Department of Defense developed a new list of requirements for the future American main battle tank. Two engineering giants joined the contest: the Chrysler and General Motors companies. Both contestants decided to use the developments for the MBT-70 and XM803 to design a new tank. Many corrections and additions were made to the tactical and technical requirements of the American government, first and foremost, on the defensive characteristics of the future main battle tank. The requirements for the tank's armour and survivability increased, along with its maintainability in the field. In addition, the Arab-Israeli conflict showed that a modern tank must have the ability to effectively destroy armoured targets at long distances, including with kinetic shells, and also have a sufficiently large complement of shells. In spite of the changes and additions to the technical specification, the contestants managed to achieve their goals, and by 1976, they presented their developments, the experimental prototypes of the XM-1 tank, for testing. Both vehicles were outwardly very similar, with practically identical dimensions. They were alike in their layouts and used the same 105 mm M68 rifled cannon. Both tanks turned out very well. Which prototype did the military choose, and why?

The XM-1 (GM), the contest model from General Motors, became a further development of ideas and technological solutions for the MBT-70 and XM803 projects, including the diesel powertrain and mixed undercarriage with six roller wheels per side, three with hydraulic suspension and three with torsion bar suspension. The competitor to General Motors, the Chrysler company, used their XM-1 (C) model to present not only a progressive gas-turbine engine but also a new undercarriage with seven independent roller wheels on each side with individual torsion bar suspension. In addition, the Chrysler engineers were able to save funds on constructing the tank by optimizing the components of the aiming equipment and the gun stabilization system. These details played a decisive role in the selection of the contractor to make the XM-1 project a reality. In spite of the fact that numerous flaws and "teething problems" arose during the project, the prototype for the USA's next-generation main battle tank was confirmed. After several cycles of correcting issues and modernizing the prototype XM-1 (C), the first vehicles began to be deployed under the designation M1 Abrams.

''-From [[wt:en/news/5515-development-xm-1-c-and-xm-1-gm-ancestors-of-the-abrams-updated-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=us_xm1_chrysler Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:XM-1 (GM) and (C) Comparison.jpeg|thumb|none|300px|Side by side comparison between a [[XM-1 (GM)]] and a {{PAGENAME}}.]] </li>
</ul></div>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|WAV4oXHb5aY|'''Premium Vehicles: XM-1 GM vs Chrysler''' - ''War Thunder Wiki''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5515-development-xm-1-c-and-xm-1-gm-ancestors-of-the-abrams-updated-en|[Devblog] XM-1 (C) and XM-1 (GM): Ancestors of the Abrams]]
* [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/war-thunder-xm-1-chrysler/bxntjdjgsk54?activetab=pivot:overviewtab Microsoft Store - XM-1 Chrysler]

{{TankManufacturer Chrysler Defense}}
{{USA medium tanks}}
{{USA premium ground vehicles}}

JaPz.K A2

2021-08-10T18:36:39Z

U1619975: /* History */ Image removed - for any questions please contact me on the war thunder forum - Have a great day!

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_sk105_a2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Ixwa Strike"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

Even though it is angled at 62°, the hull armour of the JaPz.K A2 is relatively weak. In most cases, it will stop 20 mm cannons but any bigger calibre will have no problems punching right trough the hull armour which in most cases leads to an instant death, as the crew is sitting tightly packed together. Rapid firing autocannons such as the ones mounted on the [[Gepard]] or the [[ZSU-37-2]] will have no problems shredding the Kürassier in less than a second.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 20 mm (62°) ''Frontal Glacis'' 20 mm (49°) ''Bottom Glacis'' || 14 mm ''Top hull side'' 14 mm ''Bottom hull side'' || 12 mm || 5-10 mm
|-
| Turret || 20-40 mm (19-69°) ''Turret front'' 40 mm (cylindrical) ''Gun Mantlet'' || 20-40 mm || 10-20 mm || 10 mm
|-
| Cupola || 10 mm(60°) || 10 mm || 10 mm || 10 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and torsion bars are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=455|rbMinHp=283}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|PzK M57 (105 mm)}}

In terms of weaponry, the JaPz.K A2 carries the 105 mm PzK M57 which is very effective at dispatching almost every enemy tank with a well placed shot. It possesses an autoloader with a fixed 4-second reload time and a ready rack of 12 rounds. After the 12 rounds have been depleted, the user has to wait until the ready rack replenishes at least one round. This can be quite problematic as it takes a lot of time when in the heat of the battle.

Another important aspect is that the gun is not stabilized. Combined with the low weight of the vehicle, the player can have a hard time to lay its gun if coming from full stop or when firing consecutive shots due to recoil.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PzK M57 (105 mm)|105 mm PzK M57]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 38 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+13° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 28.6 || 39.5 || 48.0 || 53.1 || 56.5 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 17.9 || 21.0 || 25.5 || 28.2 || 30.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| OCC 105 F1 || HEAT || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| OE 105 F1 Mle.60 || HE || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25
|-
| OFL 105 G1 || APFSDS || 346 || 344 || 335 || 326 || 315 || 306
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| OCC 105 F1 || HEAT || 1,000 || 10.95 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,020 || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| OE 105 F1 Mle.60 || HE || 700 || 12.1 || 0 || 0.1 || 2,000 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| OFL 105 G1 || APFSDS || 1,475 || 3.41 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| OFPH 105 F1 || 700 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''38''' || 38 ''(+0)'' || 13 ''(+25)'' || 7 ''(+31)'' || 1 ''(+37)'' || Yes
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* The visual discrepancy concerns the number of rounds: 42 shells are modeled but only 38 shells can be fired. Rack 1 is therefore always empty.
* Rack 3 and 4 (autoloader magazines) are first stage ammo racks. They total 12 shells.
** These racks get filled first when loading up the tank and are also emptied first.
** As the {{PAGENAME}} is equipped with an autoloader, manual reloading of the gun is not possible.
** Once the autoloader magazines have been depleted, you can't shoot until the loader has restocked the autoloader. The restocking time is longer than the normal reload time of the gun. Take this into account when playing.
** Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from rack 2 into rack 4 then 3. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready racks.
** The depletion order at full capacity is: 3 - 4 - 2.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The JaPz.K A2 has access to the [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]] machine gun. While it lacks any sort effective penetration, its high rate of fire can dispatch exposed crew members easily. The single belt contains 1,000 rounds with average velocity. It is largely inadequate against armour and should be used exclusively to dispatch exposed crew members or to destroy environmental objects such as fences with ease.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,000 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

With 2nd generation thermals on gunner optics, a laser rangefinder and one of the best APFSDS rounds at its rank against sloped armour, the JaPz.K A2 is a very potent sniper. Stick to areas with long lines of sight and utilize your superior long range firepower. Do not attempt to brawl, ever. The lack of stabilizer combined with the low weight of the vehicle means your gun will jump all over the place and will be slow to bring on target compared to its peers. Shots fired on the move are achievable only through sheer luck and it is almost impossible to squeeze a first shot if coming to a stop from full speed. If forced to close quarters combat like on urban maps, avoid direct confrontation: flank or ambush. The latter can be done extremely well due to your small size, excellent mobility and 4-second reload time.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 12-round autoloader with a 4-second reload time
* Strong APFSDS shells
* Has a smoke grenade launcher with 2 salvos
* Has access to night vision device and 2nd generation thermal imager on gunner optics
* Has access to a laser rangefinder with automatic sight adjustment
* Commander gun controls, able to shoot back with an unconscious gunner

'''Cons:'''

* Has thin armour that can be penetrated even by .50 cal machine guns
* Lacks a stabilizer
* No roof-mounted MG for anti-air purposes
* Has only 3 crew members sitting close to each other
* Very unstable gun: high recoil and low accuracy while moving
* APFSDS is unlocked only at tier III
* Mediocre mobility for a light tank
* If the magazine runs out of rounds, the user has to wait until it is refilled to engage

== History ==


The SK-105 ''Kürassier'' was developed in Austria by Sauer-Werk in response to military requests for a lightweight and mobile anti-tank vehicle. The first prototype arrived in 1967, with pre-production vehicles following in 1971. The vehicle consisted of a oscillating turret weapons platform possessing a potent 105mm cannon, atop the modified chassis of the already existing Saurer APC.

After its creation, the vehicle was adopted by the Austrian military, with a total of 286 being operated until the 1990s, while hundreds more were exported to countries around the world including Argentina, Morocco, Tunisia, and others. Argentina's order totalled 118 vehicles. In November 2005 the first prototype of the Patagón was delivered. This vehicle was to be a modernisation of the JaPz.K A2, replacing the original turrets with surplus AMX-13 (105) turrets, however the project was abandoned in 2008 due to authorities "considering the manufacture of the 40 planned units uneconomical".

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_sk105_a2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* [[AMX-13]] - Similar tank designation and oscillating turret design
* [[SK-105A2]] - Domestic service version

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:SK-105_Kürassier|[Wikipedia] SK-105 Kürassier]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/Austria/SK-105_Kurassier.php <nowiki>[tanks-encyclopedia] SK-105 Kurassier</nowiki>]

{{Germany light tanks}}

SK60B

2021-08-03T09:56:59Z

U1619975: Undo revision 108201 by U110538094 (talk)

{{About
| about = Swedish strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = SAAB-105 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_sk60b
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

The {{PAGENAME}}, better known as the Saab 105, is a light training vehicle designed for the Swedish army. The vehicle is incredibly light and nimble, and served as ground attacker, thanks to its versatile arsenal of suspended armaments.

== General info ==
The {{PAGENAME}} is one of the more unique planes the Swedish tech-tree offers, especially at the higher ranks. The plane is fairly modern in comparison to jets of the same BR, sporting the same paint-scheme and armament as the much faster [[J35D]]. The {{PAGENAME}} is incredibly small, but with a wide fuselage to accommodate the twin-seat configuration the trainer offers. The wings are mounted in a high-up position, similar to planes like the [[La-15]]. The plane is propelled by two engines that are mounted just outside the fuselage, giving the plane a top speed of just around 800 km/h. The tail is of a T-shape design and works effectively at all speeds, contributing to good manoeuvrability and low stall-speed. Overall the {{PAGENAME}} is a fitting plane for pilots not yet used to jet combat. The plane flies like most piston-engine fighters, lacking in speed but featuring supreme mobility, but also firepower. The {{PAGENAME}} doesn't feature any internal weaponry, but carries two Akan m/55 gunpods, with the same fire rate, burst mass, and positioning as the Draken. This firepower is one of the best at its rank, especially considering the {{PAGENAME}} carries almost twice the ammunition compared to the J35D. Although it's easy to feel godlike with firepower this immense, staying away from fully commit head-on engagements will definitely keep you alive a lot longer, as the {{PAGENAME}} isn't particularly survivable.

=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


Being a trainer aircraft by nature, the {{PAGENAME}} is very forgiving in aerodynamics. The plane performs ideally at most speeds, and has a stall speed below 200 km/h, allowing for advanced manoeuvring without risking the pilot's life. The rudder and elevators respond quickly, and deflect even at speeds the airframe itself can't sustain. The ailerons are also powerful, allowing the {{PAGENAME}} to smoothly roll in engagements, which along with the other control surfaces, makes it superior in dogfights.
[[File:SK60B Attack Run by D33F.png|left|thumb|420x420px|A pair of {{PAGENAME}}s diving on a target with air-brakes deployed.]]
The flight performance isn't perfect, as the {{PAGENAME}} has obvious downsides from its trainer background. The {{PAGENAME}} is incredibly slow. The plane struggles to break above 700 km/h at most, and will slowly decrease in speed as the fight goes on, as manoeuvres bleeds speed. The {{PAGENAME}} has no real way to gain this speed back either, as the acceleration is sluggish. Although nothing out of the ordinary for early jets, the {{PAGENAME}} doesn't have the top speed to back this up compared to its peers, meaning that most low-altitude dogfights will result in the Saab being the "sitting duck" most of the time. Taking suspended armaments (which is a must) doesn't aid the overall engine performance. Even taking the Akan m/55 gunpods, which are considered aerodynamic, lowers the rate-of-climb significantly, putting it below 20 m/s. Thankfully, the {{PAGENAME}} is classed as an attacker, giving it an altitude spawn of around 1,000 metres. A smart pilot goes for the altitude advantage, as it compensates for any lack of power the {{PAGENAME}} suffers from.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 760 || 741 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.0 || 25.4 || 17.7 || 16.7 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 824 || 792 || 23.6 || 24.0 || 26.8 || 22.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 387 || 350 || ~12 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 650 || < 650 || < 580 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="6" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Turbomeca RM9B || 2
| colspan="3" | 2,262 kg || colspan="3" | 204 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="5" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 29m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 60m fuel || 98m fuel
|-
| 298 kg || colspan="2" | Low-bypass turbofan
| 2,577 kg || 2,588 kg || 2,751 kg || 2,914 kg || 3,327 kg || 5,606 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="6" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (102%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || 102%
! 29m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 60m fuel || 98m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 720 kgf || 763 kgf
| 0.59 || 0.59 || 0.55 || 0.52 || 0.46 || 0.27
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 720 kgf (0 km/h) || 763 kgf (0 km/h)
| 0.59 || 0.59 || 0.55 || 0.52 || 0.46 || 0.27
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The {{PAGENAME}} is lightweight, and thus forgoes any sort of armour protection to save weight. This decision is logical, as the {{PAGENAME}} was originally designed with only training purposes in mind. This can be experienced in-game, especially in the lack of cockpit protection, as the pilot and navigator will take turns getting killed in frontal attacks. It is thus never recommended to fully commit in a head-on engagement, as even if a pilot survives, the {{PAGENAME}} will become critically damaged, most likely causing it to crash. Even if the {{PAGENAME}} survives, the flight performance is heavily crippled, making the plane even slower than it already was.

Although weak, the {{PAGENAME}} has a few design tricks making its survivability advantageous, one of which is the engine layout. Since the {{PAGENAME}} is a twin-engine design, getting hit in one of these engines isn't considered fatal. The {{PAGENAME}} flies considerably well even using a single engine, making it back to base without any issue. Thanks to engines being slightly external, engine fires don't wound the overall fuselage as much as a single engine mount would. This makes putting out fires a bit easier, as the {{PAGENAME}} can just dive down to the deck with the engines shut off to extinguish it most of the time. The wings are also a strength of the {{PAGENAME}}. Although prone to breaking as the structure isn't particularly strong, the good aerodynamics allow the {{PAGENAME}} to fly despite missing a wing. The plane can also be easily landed after this, as the low stall speed, and robust fuselage, allow for effective emergency landings.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Rb05A|m/56D|psrak m/49A|Akan m/55 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 2 x 30 mm Akan m/55 cannons (150 rpg = 300 total)

The standard armament found on the {{PAGENAME}} are two powerful Akan m/55 gunpods. These cannons are identical to platforms like the [[J35D]], giving the {{PAGENAME}} a formidable burst-mass of 12.15 kg/s! These guns are incredibly reliable and fast in velocity, as they're replicas of the [[ADEN (30 mm)|ADEN]] platform. This is one of the main advantages of the {{PAGENAME}} outside of manoeuvrability. Since the {{PAGENAME}} isn't particularly swift, having armament capable of reaching most opponents is a welcome addition. This can catch many people off-guard, and thus it's recommended to practice aiming these guns, along with finding a comfortable convergence setting for maximum efficiency.

These gunpods are also good against ground-based targets, especially in Air Realistic battles, where light pillboxes are common. The Akan m/55 is capable of destroying these in a short burst, allowing for some effective ticket bleed when there are no enemy fighters around. They can also be used in Ground Realistic to a certain extent, as they disintegrate any open-top vehicle. They also aid in air-support, as most fighters at this BR are propeller powered, unable to defend themselves against high-velocity 30 mm revolver cannons.

* 2 x Rb05A missiles

[[File:SK60B using Rb05A's by D33F.png|thumb|345x345px|The {{PAGENAME}} carrying the Rb05A AGM during a roll.]]
The {{PAGENAME}} features a lot of unique armament compared to most other Swedish vehicles. One of the most unique of which are two Rb05A Air-to-Ground missiles. Similar to the American [[AGM-12B Bullpup]] in design and explosive mass, the {{PAGENAME}} goes one step further by featuring a proximity-fuse inside the missile. This makes the Rb05 incredibly unique for its class, as it is the only missile, outside of helicopters, capable of effectively dealing with both aerial and grounded opponents. Since the missile is intended for distanced ground-attacks, the Rb05 features a range of over 8 km, making it useful against long-range bombers such as the [[B-29/Tu-4 (Family)|B-29]]. In Ground battles the missile is even more useful, as the explosive mass of 48 kg allows for reliable kills against ground units without putting the {{PAGENAME}} in front of radar SPAA. And since the Rb05 can be used against aerial opponents, the {{PAGENAME}} can easily deal with helicopters without going back to base.

* 6 x psrak m/49A rockets
* 12 x m/56D rockets

For players more interested in unguided air-support, the {{PAGENAME}} doesn't disappoint! The {{PAGENAME}} features 12 m/56D rockets also found on the J35D. Thanks to the superior aerodynamics of the {{PAGENAME}}, along with a lower battle-rating, the m/56 rockets get a lot more use than on the Draken. The velocity is immense, reaching 650m/s, allowing for accurate and distanced engagements. The m/56D carriers less explosives than the earlier m/49A, but compensates for this by still featuring the same penetration values. This makes the m/56 overall better than the earlier m/49A, as the higher velocity makes engagements a lot easier.

It is important to remember that the {{PAGENAME}} is incredibly vulnerable to SPAA when using the m/56D, as they require the {{PAGENAME}} to position itself close to the battlefield. And since the {{PAGENAME}} is one of the slowest jet-powered aircraft in the game, even machine-gun fire can prove lethal if the plane is flown carelessly. Sticking low to the ground and carefully observing opponents is a must if a pilot wants to make every rocket count.

== Usage in battles ==

'''Air Realistic Battles'''

* Climb to 3,500-5,000 m (11,500-16,500 ft)
* Boom & Zoom opponents
* Conserve ammunition at longer ranges
* Force faster opponents to turnfight
* Prioritize bombers if possible
* Ground strike after dealing with enemy players

The {{PAGENAME}} gets the luxury of spawning at around 1,000 metres from the start, as the plane is classified as an attacker. Just like the [[A-4B|A-4B Skyhawk]], the {{PAGENAME}} can use this advantage to gain the upper hand during the first few minutes of the game. Although many players are purely playing the {{PAGENAME}} for ground battles, diving to the deck will overall limit the {{PAGENAME}}'s success, as the plane has no opportunity to gain speed back at low altitudes. At altitude however, the {{PAGENAME}} can be played more like a piston-engine fighter, using Boom & Zoom tactics to eliminate opponents. This is useful considering the {{PAGENAME}} performs incredibly well at altitude, having a maximum altitude of over 10,000 metres. The {{PAGENAME}} should still try to remain fairly fast, however, as many opponents, such as the [[F-89B]] or [[F-84 (Family)|F-84G]], can easily reach the Saab's altitude by zooming towards it. Keeping the {{PAGENAME}} at a 10° will result in airspeeds around 400 km/h, giving it some room to manoeuvre in case an opponent wants to take care of it. This speed can be maintained for a long time, but keeping the {{PAGENAME}} at an altitude below 5,000m will result in the most efficiency, as most opponents will stay below that threshold. After diving on opponents several times over, the {{PAGENAME}} can afford to be aggressive if the opportunity arises. The {{PAGENAME}} can force most opponents into dogfights, where they have no chance of defeating its superior turn-rate.

If the {{PAGENAME}} gets to face off against the US in a down-tier, it can be recommended to use the Rb05A AGM missile. This weapon system is originally meant for tanks and is indeed highly lethal in ground battles. But a hidden quirk of the missile is a proximity fuse, similar to the [[AA-20 Nord]] found on French aircraft. This is guaranteed to be lethal against planes like the [[B-29A-BN|B-29 Superfortress]], which is commonly found at this BR. The missile works incredibly well against fighters as well, as nobody expects the {{PAGENAME}} to fire a 48 kg warhead in a head-on engagement. The only downside is that the {{PAGENAME}} can only carry two of these, and is completely defenceless afterward. It's more of a fun gimmick at the beginning of a game, but can be quite useful when dealing with the last opponent camping in space.

'''Ground Realistic Battles'''

* Stay close to the ground - This counters SPAA

* Engage ground-units by shooting their compact areas at low altitude (m/56D, m/49/5)
* Attack heavier opponents by gaining altitude before the attack and then swiftly returning to low altitude after the engagement (Rb05A)
* Prioritize helicopters and enemy fighters (Rb05A, Akan m/55)
* Avoid enemy fighters (m/56D, m/49/56)
* Return to base immediately if needed

The most popular use of the {{PAGENAME}} is its intended purpose, known as Close Air Support. The {{PAGENAME}} performs somewhat favourably in this role, being incredibly lethal against tanks since the ordnance options are quite modern for its BR. The {{PAGENAME}} is the earliest example of AGM missiles of any plane in the game, being more than a whole BR below planes like the Fiat [[G.91 R/3 (Germany)|G.91 R/3]], and [[FJ-4B VMF-232]]. Although the Rb05A might look like the obvious option when selecting ground ordnance, the {{PAGENAME}} can easily rack up more kills using the m/56D rockets instead, as they can take out opponents in a single hit, without wasting more than one rocket at a time. This makes the m/56D six times as effective as the Rb05A if practised by an experienced pilot. They are also less dangerous to use, as the unguided rockets don't require any altitude to safely deploy.

When using the {{PAGENAME}} at higher battle ratings, the Rb05A is the most obvious option. Many tanks, especially modern ones, feature advanced protection against chemical explosions, something Swedish m/56 rockets make full use of. The Rb05 AGM missile is a lot more useful here, as no tank can survive a warhead its size, no matter where it impacts. This guarantees the {{PAGENAME}} at least two ground kills, something that can change the tide of the battle at higher ranks, where every opponent is of key importance. Staying low is even more important now, however, as radar SPAA is incredibly deadly at this BR, featuring heavy-calibre cannons and surface-to-air missiles. Only gaining altitude when engaging enemy tanks is important here, as only a few seconds of visibility results in total annihilation by SPAA, as the {{PAGENAME}} is too slow to avoid anything coming towards it.

{{Notice
|When using the {{PAGENAME}} at higher ranks, make sure to prioritize heavy attack helicopters. These can rack up several kills without anyone being equipped to engage them. The Rb05A was designed for this in mind, and can safely engage helicopters over 8km away, thanks to the deadly proximity fuse!
}}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Incredible manoeuvrability - Responds quickly to inputs and turns better than most opponents
* Devastating firepower - Access to ADEN gunpods and AGM missiles at a low battle-rating
* Access to attacker spawn
* Long endurance - High fuel and ammo count makes returning to base less frequent
* Decent survivability - It has 2 pilots, can fly without a wing, or without one of the engines
* Easy to land - Low stall speed and strong landing gear aids in critical touchdowns

'''Cons:'''

* Slow top-speed - Unable to catch most opponents it faces
* Weak engines - Loses speed in vertical manoeuvres
* Lack of cockpit protection - Pilot knockout incredibly common in head-on engagements
* Slow acceleration
* No integral offensive armament, requiring gun pods

== History ==

'''Background'''

Unlike most aircraft orders from the Swedish Air-Force, the Sk60 has an unusual background compared to its peers. The aircraft initially started as a commercial project under the name 220, led by none other than Eric Bratt, one of the main engineers behind the J35D. The aircraft was supposed to serve as a private airliner, sporting two engines, and a delta-wing design. But in the autumn of 1958, the Swedish Air-Force was looking for a successor to replace the ageing Sk28C Vampire. This led Bratt and his team to rework the design of project 220, switching the delta-wing design for a conventional straight-wing one. When the Air-Force later specified that this trainer had to carry external ordnance in the form of gun pods, rockets, and bombs, the wing was moved to an upper position. A result of this radical change forced a complete reconstruction of the elevator, mounting it higher than before. Along with some tweaking of the cockpit design, the project received the official name Saab 105.
[[File:Saab 105 prototype.png|alt=A black & white image showing the Second Saab 105 prototype mid-flight. The aircraft is mostly unpainted, while carrying civilian markings.|thumb|Second Saab 105 prototype mid-flight]]
The first test flight was conducted in July of 1963, piloted by Karl-Erik Fernberg. The second prototype flew a year later, in June 1964. After some extensive modifying of the air-intakes and wing-structure, the plane was deemed worthy of production. However, during this period the design was going through extensive changes in terms of propulsion, as the French Turbomèca-Aubisque engines (RM9) lacked the required strength. This problem would delay the program another year, but would increase the overall engine thrust.
The third prototype was deemed worthy of service by December of 1965. And by April 1966, the Sk60A would enter service with F5 Air-Division stationed at Ljungbyhed. Disappointingly, the French engines showed a lack of reliability and required a lot of modifying. This issue was however solved by SAAB during the second batch. The deliveries were finalized by 1968.

'''Sk60B'''

The Sk60B was the second modification of the Saab 105. This version, just like the Sk60C, was directly modified from already existing Sk60A's. The Sk60B featured a gunsight, along with the capability of carrying external ordnance in the form of bombs and rockets. The Sk60C went through identical modifications but featured an elongated nose-cone housing a panoramic camera for additional reconnaissance capabilities. Although the early Sk60 only sported a carrying capacity of around 700 kg, the external ordnance allowed for diverse options depending on the mission, capable of dealing with lightly, and heavily armoured targets.

'''Light attack purposes'''

The Sk60B and Sk60C would see extensive use outside the primary training purpose, as on the 29th of May, 1972, the Swedish government decided a reorganization of the Air-Force's attacker divisions. This forced four attack divisions to be converted into four light-attack divisions, making use of the lightweight Sk60B and Sk60C. These would be stationed accordingly at F21, F5, F3, and F16 fighter wing. The Sk60 was light and slow compared to the Viggen platform. The plane operated inland, as the strike capacity wasn't enough for naval operations, aside from small patrol boats and landing crafts. One major advantage of the Sk60 however, was the small profile and good aerodynamic properties, allowing for precise strike operations. This was already realized long before 1972, as F21 Luleå, an air division located alongside infantry and armoured divisions, saw potential in the Sk60 for close air support as early as 1969. This attacker mentality was put into action on all divisions between 1974 and 1976 and would see extensive use throughout the decade. Although the Sk60B was more of a last-ditch vehicle for air support, the plane proved lethal when put against armoured targets and helicopters, as it could remain fairly hidden by flying low against the ground. This strategy was necessary to avoid incoming fire, as the Sk60 featured no countermeasures or modern avionics. But as a result of the twin-seat design, low altitude flying became a lot safer. The pilot could focus entirely on flying as the second seat was occupied by a navigator giving directions. Though a lack of avionics was a major as the Sk60B required full eye-contact with the target to engage it. This limited the plane to only operate during clear weather, and along with a limited range, made the plane less ideal for wartime conditions.

'''Present day'''

The light attack divisions were already getting disbanded by the early 80s, and the light-attack educational program, along with the remaining light-attack divisions, were entirely disbanded by 1998. Although it's easy to determine this as the end for the Sk60, the plane was still a fantastic trainer. The Sk60 went through a major engine overhaul in 1992, doubling its carrying capacity thanks to a much stronger engine. This fixed a lot of reliability issues, and thanks to modern avionics, the Sk60 featured ballistic computers and navigational systems. The Sk60 was projected to be withdrawn from service several times, but thanks to its reliability and flight performance, the Sk60 remains in active use with both the Swedish and Austrian air force, more than 55 years after its introduction. By some estimates, the Sk60 will remain in the Swedish Air-Force until 2030, making the Sk60 older than its numerical designation.

=== [[wt:en/news/6912-development-saab-sk-60b-instructed-to-destroy-en|Devblog]] ===
In 1959, Saab began development of a new twin-engine jet aircraft, intended to serve a wide variety of different roles both in civilian and military use. This led to questions being raised regarding the powerplant choice for the new aircraft, causing delays in development. However, once the decision was made to develop the new aircraft solely for military purposes, the project substantially picked up in momentum.

By 1961, Saab's efforts were endorsed by the Swedish Air Force, which sponsored the development of the aircraft, by then known as the Saab 105, and ordered the production of a prototype in trainer configuration for testing. The prototype took to the skies for its maiden flight in June 1963 and quickly demonstrated excellent handling characteristics. In 1964, the Swedish Air Force placed an initial order for 130 Saab 105's, with that order being raised to 150 machines soon after. The machine received the designation Sk 60 in Swedish service.

During production, the Swedish Air Force drew conclusions from the experiences made by the U.S. forces during the Vietnam War and decided to convert the Saab 105 trainer into a light attack and reconnaissance aircraft. This undertaking proved to be successful, with 60 machines of the trainer version being converted for ground attack missions.

Apart from the Swedish Air Force, Austria also ordered a modified multirole version of the Saab 105 for its air force. Both air forces still employ the Saab 105 to the present day and around 190 units of the type were built in total.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=sweden&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=assault&vehicle=saab_sk60b Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" caption="SK60B Devblog Images" heights="200">
File:SK60B WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:SK60B WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:SK60B WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:SK60B WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:SK60B WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:SK60B WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
File:SK60B WTWallpaper 007.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|0aM7hS-ciYY|'''The Shooting Range #233''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 01:00 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|a6OMuCFCTvo|'''JUST AWESOME! SK60B! - Sweden''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==


;Similar aircraft in terms of performance and BR

* [[A2D-1]]
* [[F-84G-21-RE|F-84G]]
* [[Sea Hawk FGA.6]]
* [[G.91 R/3 (Germany)|G.91 R/3]]

;Similar Swedish Aircraft

* [[J35D]]
* [[A21RB]]
* [[T18B-1]]
* [[J21RA]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6912-development-saab-sk-60b-instructed-to-destroy-en|[Devblog] Saab Sk 60B: Instructed to Destroy]]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden jet aircraft}}

Talk:SM.91

2021-08-01T20:57:56Z

U1619975:

This airplane and its brother the SM 92 are almost impossible to land smoothly. They will almost always flip over no matter what (brake or no brake, flaps or no flaps, pull tail down or not). Fortunately, on the other hand, it never flips over completely and the propellers suffer no damage.

Hello,

When your on final approach, come in nice and slow and just before you touch down - prepare yourself to do a nice long flair. When the plane tells you to put the nose down, put it down slowly. - Don't just slam the nose wheel into the ground when you feel the plane touch the tarmac or your flip over like a yoyo.

Kind Regards, War Thunder Wiki team.

A6M6c

2021-07-30T15:21:12Z

U1619975: /* Pros and cons */ No copy and paste

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = A6M (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=a6m6c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Red Skies"]] as a reward for [[Battle Pass: Season IV, "Fearless Voltigeur"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


On top of that with the new Sakae 31a engine, the A6M6c has a water-methanol injection that makes the WEP slightly stronger and doesn't overheat the engine as much in trade-off having only limited WEP.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 522 || 506 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.9 || 21.7 || 7.8 || 7.8 || rowspan="2" | 350
|-
! Upgraded
| 566 || 543 || 19.1 || 20.0 || 14.4 || 10.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 398 || 369 || 220 || ~14 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 280 || < 420 || < 410 || > 336
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 99 Model 2 (20 mm)|Type 3 (13.2 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 2 cannons, wing-mounted (125 rpg = 250 total)
* 1 x 13.2 mm Type 3 machine gun, nose-mounted (230 rpg)
* 2 x 13.2 mm Type 3 machine guns, wing-mounted (240 rpg = 480 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|Navy Type Number 25 Model 2 (250 kg)|Type 3 No.1 Mod.28 Mk.1|Type 3 No.6 Mod.27 Mk.1}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (120 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg Navy Type Number 25 Model 2 bomb (250 kg total)
* 10 x Type 3 No.1 Mod.28 Mk.1 rockets
* 2 x Type 3 No.6 Mod.27 Mk.1 rockets

== Usage in battles ==


=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}
The Zero's manual engine controls are simple to learn. The propeller pitch should be kept at 95% at all times. The radiators both should be kept between 5 and 15% depending if you are on a hot or cold map. The second supercharger gear should be activated at 3,500 m and above.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

'''Cons:'''

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=a6m6c Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7247-development-battle-pass-vehicles-a6m6c-en|[Devblog] Battle Pass vehicles: A6M6c]]

{{AirManufacturer Mitsubishi}}
{{Japan fighters}}
{{Japan premium aircraft}}

A6M6c

2021-07-30T15:19:40Z

U1619975: /* Flight performance */ No copy and paste - redo

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = A6M (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=a6m6c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Red Skies"]] as a reward for [[Battle Pass: Season IV, "Fearless Voltigeur"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


On top of that with the new Sakae 31a engine, the A6M6c has a water-methanol injection that makes the WEP slightly stronger and doesn't overheat the engine as much in trade-off having only limited WEP.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 522 || 506 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.9 || 21.7 || 7.8 || 7.8 || rowspan="2" | 350
|-
! Upgraded
| 566 || 543 || 19.1 || 20.0 || 14.4 || 10.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 398 || 369 || 220 || ~14 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 280 || < 420 || < 410 || > 336
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 99 Model 2 (20 mm)|Type 3 (13.2 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 2 cannons, wing-mounted (125 rpg = 250 total)
* 1 x 13.2 mm Type 3 machine gun, nose-mounted (230 rpg)
* 2 x 13.2 mm Type 3 machine guns, wing-mounted (240 rpg = 480 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|Navy Type Number 25 Model 2 (250 kg)|Type 3 No.1 Mod.28 Mk.1|Type 3 No.6 Mod.27 Mk.1}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (120 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg Navy Type Number 25 Model 2 bomb (250 kg total)
* 10 x Type 3 No.1 Mod.28 Mk.1 rockets
* 2 x Type 3 No.6 Mod.27 Mk.1 rockets

== Usage in battles ==


=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}
The Zero's manual engine controls are simple to learn. The propeller pitch should be kept at 95% at all times. The radiators both should be kept between 5 and 15% depending if you are on a hot or cold map. The second supercharger gear should be activated at 3,500 m and above.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* '''A'''6M as a carrier-based fighter:
** Arrestor hook
** Strictly air-to-air role
*** Gets 2 x [[Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|60 kg Type 97 No. 6 Land Bombs]], though strongly ill-advised for air battles
** Decent cannon armament
** Extremely manoeuvrable
*** Excellent turn rate
*** Excellent roll rate
** Very short takeoff distance

* Common Navy plane construction:
** Decent offensive armament: [[Type 99 Model 2 (20 mm)|20 mm Type 99 Model 2 Cannon]]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
::* ''Ground targets'': Great for Ground battles
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:::* AP-I:
::::* Shreds soft targets, and can weaken/destroy tanks with weak top armour, especially engine decks
::::* Easily sets fire to air targets
:::* HEF(T):
::::* Tracer can help you aim on target
::::* The few rounds in the belt can still wreck havoc on enemy planes with their HE filler
</div></div>
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
::* ''Stealth'': Great for Air battles
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:::* No tracers
:::* HEF:
::::* Near full HE belt
::::* Wrecks havoc on enemy planes with HE filler
:::* AP-I:
::::* Easily sets fire to air targets
</div></div>
:* Excellent manoeuvrability
:* Little radiator drag

* '''A6M5+''' specific:
** Can mount a bomb rack for a single 250 kg bomb, still strongly ill-advised for air-battles

* '''A6M6c''' specific:
** Gets rid of the 7.7 mm's and has 2 x [[Type 3 (13.2 mm)]] in the wings and 1 x in the nose
** Gets air-to-air time fused rockets
** Up-armored compared to its previous variants
** New Sakae 31a Engine
*** Slightly more HP over other previous models
*** Has more powerful WEP

'''Cons:'''
* '''A'''6M as a carrier-based fighter:
** Mainly air-to-air role
** Limited ammo
** Slow
** Low dive speed, and compresses easily in a dive

* Common Navy plane construction:
** Poor offensive armament when stock: [[Type 99 Model 2 (20 mm)|20 mm Type 99 Model 2 Cannon]]
*** No HE filler
*** T & FI rounds usually do nothing

* '''A6M6c''' specific:
** Heavier than your average A6M
*** Turns slightly longer
*** Slightly worse climb rate

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=a6m6c Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7247-development-battle-pass-vehicles-a6m6c-en|[Devblog] Battle Pass vehicles: A6M6c]]

{{AirManufacturer Mitsubishi}}
{{Japan fighters}}
{{Japan premium aircraft}}

A6M6c

2021-07-30T15:18:03Z

U1619975: /* Survivability and armour */ Undone - No copy and paste

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = A6M (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=a6m6c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Red Skies"]] as a reward for [[Battle Pass: Season IV, "Fearless Voltigeur"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

Due to the weight of the self-sealing fuel tanks, pilot armour, and the additional heavy machine guns, the climb rate on this plane is rather poor for its BR. The engine won't overheat under combat conditions. The A6M6c can feel quite sluggish as it cannot turn as well as other planes in the A6M family. However, while the plane's turning ability is hampered by the extra weight, you will still be able to out-turn every other plane.

On top of that with the new Sakae 31a engine, the A6M6c has a water-methanol injection that makes the WEP slightly stronger and doesn't overheat the engine as much in trade-off having only limited WEP.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 522 || 506 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.9 || 21.7 || 7.8 || 7.8 || rowspan="2" | 350
|-
! Upgraded
| 566 || 543 || 19.1 || 20.0 || 14.4 || 10.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 398 || 369 || 220 || ~14 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 280 || < 420 || < 410 || > 336
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 99 Model 2 (20 mm)|Type 3 (13.2 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 2 cannons, wing-mounted (125 rpg = 250 total)
* 1 x 13.2 mm Type 3 machine gun, nose-mounted (230 rpg)
* 2 x 13.2 mm Type 3 machine guns, wing-mounted (240 rpg = 480 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|Navy Type Number 25 Model 2 (250 kg)|Type 3 No.1 Mod.28 Mk.1|Type 3 No.6 Mod.27 Mk.1}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (120 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg Navy Type Number 25 Model 2 bomb (250 kg total)
* 10 x Type 3 No.1 Mod.28 Mk.1 rockets
* 2 x Type 3 No.6 Mod.27 Mk.1 rockets

== Usage in battles ==


=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}
The Zero's manual engine controls are simple to learn. The propeller pitch should be kept at 95% at all times. The radiators both should be kept between 5 and 15% depending if you are on a hot or cold map. The second supercharger gear should be activated at 3,500 m and above.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* '''A'''6M as a carrier-based fighter:
** Arrestor hook
** Strictly air-to-air role
*** Gets 2 x [[Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|60 kg Type 97 No. 6 Land Bombs]], though strongly ill-advised for air battles
** Decent cannon armament
** Extremely manoeuvrable
*** Excellent turn rate
*** Excellent roll rate
** Very short takeoff distance

* Common Navy plane construction:
** Decent offensive armament: [[Type 99 Model 2 (20 mm)|20 mm Type 99 Model 2 Cannon]]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
::* ''Ground targets'': Great for Ground battles
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:::* AP-I:
::::* Shreds soft targets, and can weaken/destroy tanks with weak top armour, especially engine decks
::::* Easily sets fire to air targets
:::* HEF(T):
::::* Tracer can help you aim on target
::::* The few rounds in the belt can still wreck havoc on enemy planes with their HE filler
</div></div>
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
::* ''Stealth'': Great for Air battles
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:::* No tracers
:::* HEF:
::::* Near full HE belt
::::* Wrecks havoc on enemy planes with HE filler
:::* AP-I:
::::* Easily sets fire to air targets
</div></div>
:* Excellent manoeuvrability
:* Little radiator drag

* '''A6M5+''' specific:
** Can mount a bomb rack for a single 250 kg bomb, still strongly ill-advised for air-battles

* '''A6M6c''' specific:
** Gets rid of the 7.7 mm's and has 2 x [[Type 3 (13.2 mm)]] in the wings and 1 x in the nose
** Gets air-to-air time fused rockets
** Up-armored compared to its previous variants
** New Sakae 31a Engine
*** Slightly more HP over other previous models
*** Has more powerful WEP

'''Cons:'''
* '''A'''6M as a carrier-based fighter:
** Mainly air-to-air role
** Limited ammo
** Slow
** Low dive speed, and compresses easily in a dive

* Common Navy plane construction:
** Poor offensive armament when stock: [[Type 99 Model 2 (20 mm)|20 mm Type 99 Model 2 Cannon]]
*** No HE filler
*** T & FI rounds usually do nothing

* '''A6M6c''' specific:
** Heavier than your average A6M
*** Turns slightly longer
*** Slightly worse climb rate

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=a6m6c Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7247-development-battle-pass-vehicles-a6m6c-en|[Devblog] Battle Pass vehicles: A6M6c]]

{{AirManufacturer Mitsubishi}}
{{Japan fighters}}
{{Japan premium aircraft}}

A6M6c

2021-07-30T15:17:09Z

U1619975: /* Usage in battles */ Undone - No copy and paste

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = A6M (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=a6m6c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Red Skies"]] as a reward for [[Battle Pass: Season IV, "Fearless Voltigeur"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

Due to the weight of the self-sealing fuel tanks, pilot armour, and the additional heavy machine guns, the climb rate on this plane is rather poor for its BR. The engine won't overheat under combat conditions. The A6M6c can feel quite sluggish as it cannot turn as well as other planes in the A6M family. However, while the plane's turning ability is hampered by the extra weight, you will still be able to out-turn every other plane.

On top of that with the new Sakae 31a engine, the A6M6c has a water-methanol injection that makes the WEP slightly stronger and doesn't overheat the engine as much in trade-off having only limited WEP.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 522 || 506 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.9 || 21.7 || 7.8 || 7.8 || rowspan="2" | 350
|-
! Upgraded
| 566 || 543 || 19.1 || 20.0 || 14.4 || 10.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 398 || 369 || 220 || ~14 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 280 || < 420 || < 410 || > 336
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The A6M6c has self-sealing fuel tanks and has three armoured components:

*45 mm bulletproof glass in front of the pilot, angled at 68°
*55 mm bulletproof glass behind the pilot, angled at 12°
*8 mm of steel behind the pilot, angled at 12°

This armour is enough to survive light machine gun fire and light AA fire. However, the A6M6c is still very fragile: don't rely solely on this armour, because the guns you will be facing at its battle rating will not be stopped by it. The self-sealing fuel tanks allow you to put out wing fires.
=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 99 Model 2 (20 mm)|Type 3 (13.2 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 2 cannons, wing-mounted (125 rpg = 250 total)
* 1 x 13.2 mm Type 3 machine gun, nose-mounted (230 rpg)
* 2 x 13.2 mm Type 3 machine guns, wing-mounted (240 rpg = 480 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|Navy Type Number 25 Model 2 (250 kg)|Type 3 No.1 Mod.28 Mk.1|Type 3 No.6 Mod.27 Mk.1}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (120 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg Navy Type Number 25 Model 2 bomb (250 kg total)
* 10 x Type 3 No.1 Mod.28 Mk.1 rockets
* 2 x Type 3 No.6 Mod.27 Mk.1 rockets

== Usage in battles ==


=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}
The Zero's manual engine controls are simple to learn. The propeller pitch should be kept at 95% at all times. The radiators both should be kept between 5 and 15% depending if you are on a hot or cold map. The second supercharger gear should be activated at 3,500 m and above.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* '''A'''6M as a carrier-based fighter:
** Arrestor hook
** Strictly air-to-air role
*** Gets 2 x [[Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|60 kg Type 97 No. 6 Land Bombs]], though strongly ill-advised for air battles
** Decent cannon armament
** Extremely manoeuvrable
*** Excellent turn rate
*** Excellent roll rate
** Very short takeoff distance

* Common Navy plane construction:
** Decent offensive armament: [[Type 99 Model 2 (20 mm)|20 mm Type 99 Model 2 Cannon]]
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
::* ''Ground targets'': Great for Ground battles
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:::* AP-I:
::::* Shreds soft targets, and can weaken/destroy tanks with weak top armour, especially engine decks
::::* Easily sets fire to air targets
:::* HEF(T):
::::* Tracer can help you aim on target
::::* The few rounds in the belt can still wreck havoc on enemy planes with their HE filler
</div></div>
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
::* ''Stealth'': Great for Air battles
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:::* No tracers
:::* HEF:
::::* Near full HE belt
::::* Wrecks havoc on enemy planes with HE filler
:::* AP-I:
::::* Easily sets fire to air targets
</div></div>
:* Excellent manoeuvrability
:* Little radiator drag

* '''A6M5+''' specific:
** Can mount a bomb rack for a single 250 kg bomb, still strongly ill-advised for air-battles

* '''A6M6c''' specific:
** Gets rid of the 7.7 mm's and has 2 x [[Type 3 (13.2 mm)]] in the wings and 1 x in the nose
** Gets air-to-air time fused rockets
** Up-armored compared to its previous variants
** New Sakae 31a Engine
*** Slightly more HP over other previous models
*** Has more powerful WEP

'''Cons:'''
* '''A'''6M as a carrier-based fighter:
** Mainly air-to-air role
** Limited ammo
** Slow
** Low dive speed, and compresses easily in a dive

* Common Navy plane construction:
** Poor offensive armament when stock: [[Type 99 Model 2 (20 mm)|20 mm Type 99 Model 2 Cannon]]
*** No HE filler
*** T & FI rounds usually do nothing

* '''A6M6c''' specific:
** Heavier than your average A6M
*** Turns slightly longer
*** Slightly worse climb rate

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=a6m6c Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7247-development-battle-pass-vehicles-a6m6c-en|[Devblog] Battle Pass vehicles: A6M6c]]

{{AirManufacturer Mitsubishi}}
{{Japan fighters}}
{{Japan premium aircraft}}

EC-665 Tiger HAD

2021-07-28T18:32:37Z

U1619975: Undo revision 107815 by U5573367 (talk) It is possible for the HAD to survive hits from the Vikas missile system. For the bug please report it on the forums - Have a great day!

{{About
| about = French helicopter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other French Tiger helicopter
| link = EC-665 Tiger HAP
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=tiger_had_france
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French attack helicopter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Heli-Flight}}


Fully spaded without load this attack helicopter can fly 315 km/h in cruise speed. In reality with the most common load of 8 x Hellfire missiles and 4 x Mistrals is reaching almost 300 km/h which is still really great. Tiger itself requires skill to fly. Proper manipulation of collective pitch and understanding in what circumstances you as a pilot cannot overload the engines and how to perform aggressive manoeuvres (especially on low attitudes and against planes) will make this machine extremely deadly. Tiger feels heavy but agile at the same time.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 1,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 291 || 277 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}}
|-
! Upgraded
| 334 || 315
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Heli-Armour}}

This is one of the best-protected helicopters in the game, thanks to the composite tub around the crew and the firewall separating the 2 engines. To make use of this, when attacked by plane the best option is to face it frontally to create the smallest possible area to hit. But like every helicopter damaged near engines, main rotor or tail ([[OTOMATIC]]'s rain of explosive shells is very dangerous) can be taken down fairly quickly.

* AMAP-AIR, Advanced Modular Armour Protection - Air: Composite martial encloses all the crew compartment - 20 mm thick.
* Kevlar seats - 5 mm thick
* Single steel firewall between the engines - 8 mm thick

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Heli-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Offensive}}

{{main|GIAT M781 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 30 mm GIAT M781 cannon (450 rpg)
** 1 x 30 mm GIAT M781 cannon (750 rpg) + 60 x countermeasures

30 mm cannon only fires high explosive ammo (4 mm penetration), so it is advised only to use it against aircraft and light-armoured, open-topped vehicles.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Suspended}}

{{main|AGM-114B Hellfire|HOT-3|Mistral|SNEB type 23|TDA}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 44 x TDA rockets
* 44 x TDA rockets + 24 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 8 x HOT-3 missiles
* 8 x HOT-3 missiles + 24 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 4 x AGM-114B Hellfire missiles
* 4 x AGM-114B Hellfire missiles + 24 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 8 x AGM-114B Hellfire missiles
* 8 x AGM-114B Hellfire missiles + 24 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 4 x Mistral missiles
* 4 x Mistral missiles + 44 x TDA rockets
* 4 x Mistral missiles + 8 x HOT-3 missiles
* 2 x Mistral missiles + 8 x HOT-3 missiles + 12 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 4 x Mistral missiles + 4 x AGM-114B Hellfire missiles
* 4 x Mistral missiles + 8 x AGM-114B Hellfire missiles
* 2 x Mistral missiles + 4 x AGM-114B Hellfire missiles + 12 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 2 x Mistral missiles + 8 x AGM-114B Hellfire missiles + 12 x SNEB type 23 rockets

=== Defensive systems ===

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' only has the following Defensive systems installed:

*'''Flares''' - installs 60 Flares.
*'''MAW''' - Missile Approach Warning system.
*'''ATAM'''- Air To Air Missile.

The '''MAW''' system allows for 60 Flares to be installed, along with warnings that missiles have been launched.
The '''ATAM''' allows for the Mistral air-to-air missile to be installed, these are installed on each wings hard point, which means 50% of the available hard points are used by the mistral air-to-air missiles, meaning the suspended armament are reduced by half. However the Mistral missiles are one of the best missiles in the game, able to destroy anything which it locks on to.

== Usage in battles ==


For Realistic and Simulation Battles best tactic is to stay as low as possible and at first perform reconnaissance. If you start with the helicopter, your first goal is to find and take down enemy helicopters on flanks (don't bother on ones over the battlefield as you will most likely be destroyed by anti-aircraft fire). It is best to use flares before you think you might need them as firing them too late are a very common mistake that helicopter pilots make, as when the red launch is an indication that it already may be too late.

The second task is to find good flank position or behind if possible (watch out for helipads anti-aircraft fire) spot to scan for potential ground enemies. Targeting sight on top of the cabin called STRIX gives the possibility to stay low and watch the area around. Use thermal vision, but don't hesitate to switch back to normal view (especially while shooting HOT-3 missiles which might cause light-bloom and obscure your view in thermal-mode). The Tiger can carry up to 8 x Hellfire missiles. The biggest advantage of AGM-114 is the fact that while shooting they do not give up and will continue to seek the enemy's helicopter position until the fuel runs out, unlike other directly shot ATGMs. In terms of effectiveness, it can be very deadly but only when know how to use it, however since Hellfire attacks from the top it might be hard to hit moving targets with it. The best way is to aim and shoot behind or before the target and in last moment re-aim on the enemy (typically around four seconds before hit-this technique requires practice). This might make your chance higher to directly hit the enemy on the move. Once again stay low, between buildings, trees, almost on the ground if necessary, listen to the sky for planes sound. Don't stay in gunner's view to long. Watch what's going on around you all the time. Eurocopter Tiger HAD has all the tools to fight with air and ground and to survive. Use all tools, bind all keys for easy access (flares, hoover mode, aim and launch AA mistrals). It's a high learning curve, high reward deadly machine.
=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

*Tough air frame, can withstand multiple hits from [[9K127_Vikhr|9K127 Vikhr missiles]].
*Very agile and fast.
*Great manoeuvrability at low speeds.
*Great payload selection.
*Mistral missiles are some of best in-game air to missiles, great range and lock-on.

'''Cons:'''

*Lacks the same level of defensive systems as on rival platforms from [[AH-64D| NATO AH-64D Longbow]] and [[Ka-52|Russia's Ka-52 Alligator.]]
*Only has four wing mounts, compared to the six on the [[AH-64D|American AH-64D Longbow]] and [[Ka-52|Russia's Ka-52 Alligator.]]

== History ==


The '''EC-665 Tiger HAD''' is an improved model of the Tiger HAP. HAD stands for Hélicoptère d'Appui Destruction in French and Helicóptero de Apoyo y Destrucción in Spanish for "Support and Destruction Helicopter". The Spanish Army ordered 24 Tiger HADs in 2004, while the French Army Light Aviation (ALAT) ordered 40. France also decided to upgrade their existing Tiger HAPs to the HAD standard starting in 2015.

The Tiger HAD is mostly similar to the earlier Tiger HAP, but with more powerful Enhanced MTR390 engines with 14% more engine power. This increased the maximum takeoff weight to 6,600 kg. Additionally, the communications suite was expanded with an Up Link and Down Link satellite antenna. The ballistic protection was also increased due to a request by the Spanish Army.

The armament consists of a 30 mm Nexter (formerly GIAT) M781 nose-mounted gun turret, and either 68 mm SNEB or 70 mm Hydra 70 rockets, Hellfire II anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs), or Mistral air-to-air missiles in French service. Other armaments are available for the Spanish helicopters; they use the Spike-ER rather than the Hellfire II ATGMs. The EC-665 Tiger HAD can be used in the attack, escort, fire support, reconnaissance, and air-to-air combat roles.

Spanish Tiger HADs were deployed to Afghanistan in March 2013, in order to support the Spanish ground forces that were already there. The first French combat deployment of the Tiger HAD was to Mali in November 2014, as support for the French intervention in the Mali War; they were sent to Mali after being deemed combat capable.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=tiger_had_france Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights=200>
File:Eurocopter Tiger HAD WTWallpaper 001.jpg
File:Eurocopter Tiger HAD WTWallpaper 002.jpg
File:Eurocopter Tiger HAD WTWallpaper 003.jpg
File:Eurocopter Tiger HAD WTWallpaper 004.jpg
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|ADl4WeY-R2A|'''The Shooting Range #167''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:32 discusses the Eurocopter Tiger.}}

== See also ==


* [[EC-665 Tiger UHT]] - A version found in the German tech tree.
* [[AH-64D]] - An American attack helicopter at the same BR.
* [[Mi-28N]] and [[Ka-52]] - Russian helicopters at the same BR.
* [[AH Mk.1]] - A British helicopter at the same BR.

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6338-development-eurocopter-tiger-pouncing-on-the-prey-en|[Development] Eurocopter Tiger: Pouncing on the Prey]]

{{AirManufacturer Eurocopter}}
{{France helicopters}}

Sagittario 2

2021-07-26T20:59:58Z

U1619975: /* History */

{{Specs-Card
|code=sagittario_2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Red Skies"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The Sagittario 2 has great manoeuvrability, at its battle rating and even above it, there won't be many aircraft that can match your speed, rate of climb, or energy retention. Whilst playing the Sagittario 2, you are able to do amazing manoeuvres that the enemy team could only dream of doing. Due to this, an experienced player in this aircraft can become quite a dangerous opponent. The max altitude of the Sagittario 2 is 11,000 metres, thanks to its rate of climb, you should be able to reach it at the beginning of the match with minimal effort required. One other great thing is how easily you can pull Gs with it, use it to your advantage and you should rack up quite a few eliminations.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,005 || 978 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.0 || 25.6 || 36.6 || 34.7 || rowspan="2" | 1,000
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,085 || 1,050 || 23.5 || 24.0 || 54.5 || 45.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,125  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 498 || 469 || 320 || ~12 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 600 || < 550 || < 610 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Derwent 9 || 1
| colspan="2" | 2,405 kg || colspan="3" | 227 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel
|-
| 580 kg || colspan="2" | Centrifugal-flow turbojet
| 2,686 kg || 2,946 kg || 3,216 kg || 3,341 kg || 5,641 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,536 kgf || N/A
| 0.57 || 0.52 || 0.48 || 0.46 || 0.27
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,536 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.57 || 0.52 || 0.48 || 0.46 || 0.27
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 40 mm bulletproof glass - Windscreen
* 6.5 mm steel - Behind pilot's seat

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano HS 825 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm Hispano HS 825 cannons, nose-mounted (120 rpg = 240 total)

== Usage in battles ==


Using the Sagittario 2 is quite straightforward, it's an aircraft that nearly anyone can pick up and do fairly well in. This is mainly due to its amazing flight performance, which when compared with the majority of aircraft you'll face at your battle rating, make this vehicle quite fun to use. The best way to play the Sagittario 2 is to climb as high as you can, and use boom and zoom tactics. This is highly effective mainly due to the powerful 30 mm HS 825 cannons that the Sagittario has access to. When you've descended, you're still a really good dog-fighter so you are able to perform quite a lot of manoeuvres that many aircraft are not able to pull off. Make sure you always consider that during engagements, especially because the aircraft can easily pull G's without too much punishment towards the player controlling it. Keep in mind, if you want to take advantage of its speed and manoeuvrability, you will have to keep the aircraft as light as possibile, meaning bringing the minimal amount of fuel. This to some may seem like a disadvantage, but it's most likely the most effective way to get eliminations with the vehicle as it allows the aircraft to remain fast and nimble. Do keep in mind that if you decide not to bring a lot of fuel, you won't be in the battle as long, so make sure to make every second count.

Another thing that people may claim is a disadvantage is the low ammo count; although this is true, doesn't mean the vehicle suffers. The HS 825 cannons are extremely deadly, they have a very high muzzle velocity, which paired up with the hard hitting 30 mm cannons, means that the majority of enemy aircraft you'll face will be destroyed after a small barrage of your main weapon. One of the other many advantages of the Sagittario 2 is its high speed, it can go up to 1,050 km/h in realistic battles. The Sagittario 2 can also work at low altitude, as an AI ground pounder, the main cannons it has access to are just as effective at taking out ground AI targets as they are at taking down air targets. This can be very effective as you can easily take advantage of your speed at the beginning of the match to slip past undetected by enemy aircraft. You could also use this to surprise enemies by flanking them once they've flown past you, unaware that you're actually able to go behind them.

The Sagittario 2 does not have access to any countermeasures so keep that in mind if you choose to bring it in ground RB. Its cannons are enough to easily make make short work for the majority of lightly armoured ground vehicles, such as IFVs and SPAAs. Considering it doesn't have any payload options such as rockets or bombs, you'll have to entirely rely on your main cannons, and that also goes for air vehicles, as you don't have access to air-to-air missiles. It is not recommended to land on short runways, it should be avoided or risk crashing at the end. This also applies for Arcade battles, overall in the Sagittario 2, try at all times to take advantage of your abilities, as its the best way to come on top in duels, and win the match.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Extremely agile, able to outturn most aircraft
* Relatively high top speed for its BR
* 2 x hard hitting 30 mm cannons are excellent at taking down other aircraft
* The HS 825 cannons have a very high muzzle velocity (1,050 m/s)

'''Cons:'''

* Limited ammunition capacity, only 120 rpg
* No payload options
* The only available belt is 100% tracers, no armour-piercing ammo

== History ==


The story of the Sagittario 2 began roughly around the 1950's, during the cold war. The aircraft would be designed by Sergio Stefanutti, who was one of the most original and innovative Italian aeronautical designers. In fact in 1939 he produced the S.S.4 that was the first fighter in the world to fly with canard lifting surfaces and forward landing gear.

During the Second World War he was involved in the construction of the “Light fighter”, fast and well-armed, which was able to compete with those in its class, equal in weight, dimensions and even greater in power, which couldn’t be mass-produced because of the unfavorable conclusion of the conflict. His work as a designer also continued into the 1940s and 1950s, when, despite the destruction of the war, the Italian aviation industry was still showing its strength, proposing numerous new types of aircraft for both the internal and international market.

Eventually, he'd come up with The Aerfer “Sagittario II” (Sagittarius II), the light jet fighter with arrow wings. It was the first Italian supersonic jet fighter, designed and produced at the beginning of the 1950s by Sergio Stefanutti and was a logical development on the light fighters previously built for SAI Ambrosini. The Sagittario 2 was actually a development of previous Stefanutti designs, originally based of a pre-war piston-engine aircraft meant for racing.

Eventually, after a few shortcomings which included some issues with the jet engine, the Sagittario was born. There were a lot of advancements made during the development of the Sagittario, but sadly whilst conducting tests, it was quickly learned about certain defects of the aircraft, one of them being discovered after landing.

To keep it simple, when the aircraft utiliste its breaks to stop. The weight of the engine placed in the bow gave the aircraft a tendency to rotate with the nose low down, making impact with the ground and an ensuing somersault of the aircraft a possible and dangerous outcome.

At the beginning of 1953, while the prototype of the “Sagittario”, obtained by modifying the SAI S.7, was still being subjected to flying tests and was giving its first positive results, the “Sagittario II” was created on the drawing boards of SAI Ambrosini. The main difference between the Sagittario 2 and the previous Sagittario 1 would be the fact that the new aircraft would be built entirely with metal and propelled by a jet engine with a much greater thrust. The Sagittario 2's engine would be a Rolls-Royce Derwent 9, which allowed the Sagittario 2 to reach speeds of over 1000km an hour.

As mentioned previously it was the first Italian supersonic jet Italy would have produced. In September 1953, while the planning continued, the Aeronautica Militare Italiana (Italian Air force), which financed the work on the aircraft making use of the funds made available by the United States, under the aegis of the M.D.A.P. programs of mutual assistance to the NATO countries, decided that its construction, more complex than that of the previous Sagittario I, would be entrusted to the Neapolitan Company Aerfer. Aerfer had been previously known for in the aeronautical field by making some parts for the Republic F-84 G “Thunderjet” jet fighter-bombers. In addition, they offered maintenance for certain US made aircraft stationed in Europe.

After a lot of discussion, eventually an agreement was would be made between the SAI Ambrosini and Aerfer for the transfer of the preliminary project and the rights to produce Stefanutti’s new light fighter under licence, so that it would be given the new complete name <nowiki>''</nowiki>Aerfer-Ambrosini S. “Sagittario II”. The Italian air-force would order a total of 2 prototypes, and would make them undergo a series of intense tests. Part of the tests would focus on the armament, speaking of which, the Sagittario 2 was armed with a Hispano-Suiza 825 cannon.

It would hold up to 120 rounds per cannon, they fired bullets that were 113mm long and 30mm in diameter. The bullets had a total weight of 360 grams. The reason the cannons would actually be as powerful as they were was due to the ammunition being 40% larger than the bullets of the same caliber used by the other small Western cannons then in production. As an example, the French DEFA used a 275 gram bullet, and the British Aden used 220 gram bullet.

That paired up with its amazing muzzle velocity would guarantee a very hard-hitting weapon, which rest assured, would be able to completely destroy a lot of aircraft with just a short burst. Overall, the Sagittario 2 would be a very promising vehicle, it didn't get picked up by the Italian air force, but was was learnt from the Sagittario 2 would be later re-used on a later project by Aerfer, called the Aerfer Ariete, a modified Sagittario 2 with a more powerful engine.

=== [[wt:en/news/7191-development-aerfer-sagittario-2-the-legacy-continues-en|Devblog]] ===
In the early 1950's, Italian aircraft designers began work on developing a jet aircraft on the basis of a successful pre-war piston-engine race plane, initially with the goal of constructing a pure technology demonstrator. This aircraft - named Sagittario - took to the skies in January 1953, displaying promising performance.

Convinced of the aircraft's potential, the aircraft designers continued work and developed the design further into the Sagittario 2. The new aircraft featured an improved design, a significantly more powerful jet engine and comparably heavy armament for an aircraft of its time. Two prototypes of the Sagittario 2 were built and test flown in 1956.

However, despite its state-of-the-art design and excellent performance, the Sagittario 2 faced many problems during development as its manufacturer - Aerfer - struggled to allocate enough resources into its development. As a result, the aircraft had a drawn out development period which meant that newer aircraft were entering service while the Sagittario 2 was still being tested. Because of this, the Sagittario 2 would fail to enter production as the procurement of the more promising Fiat G.91 was right around the corner.

While not getting past prototype stage, the Sagittario 2 would serve as a basis for the subsequent development of another jet fighter prototype.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7191-development-aerfer-sagittario-2-the-legacy-continues-en|[Devblog] Aerfer Sagittario 2: The Legacy Continues]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/526650-sagittario-ii/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{Italy jet aircraft}}

A32A

2021-05-27T12:43:32Z

U1619975: /* Survivability and armour */

{{About
|about=Swedish strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=the fighter version
|link=J32B
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_a32a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

The A32A "Lansen" was designed and developed by the Swedish company SAAB. The development began in 1948 and it first flew in 1952. Deliveries to the Swedish air force, Flygvapnet, began in 1954. In Flygvapnet it was used as a ground-attack aircraft, being able to carry a large array of different bombs and unguided rockets as well as four 20 mm Akan m/49 canons. It remained in service until 1978 but never saw use in combat. Powered by a license-built Rolls Royce Avon engine, locally designated the RM5, it was able to break the speed of sound in a dive, thus becoming the first Swedish aircraft to fly faster than the speed of sound.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,088 || 1,084 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 34.6 || 35.6 || 44.8 || 42.0 || rowspan="2" | 900
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,101 || 1,094 || 33.6 || 34.0 || 66.2 || 55.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 524 || 491 || 320 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 850 || < 600 || < 600 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Svenska Flygmotor RM5A || 1
| colspan="2" | 8,322 kg || colspan="3" | 297 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 14m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 46m fuel
|-
| 1,350 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 9,163 kg || 9,523 kg || 10,123 kg || 11,084 kg || 13,500 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 14m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 46m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,424 kgf || 4,633 kgf
| 0.51 || 0.49 || 0.46 || 0.42 || 0.34
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 3,424 kgf (0 km/h) || 4,899 kgf (1,000 km/h)
| 0.53 || 0.51 || 0.48 || 0.44 || 0.36
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 10 mm Steel - behind the pilot and radioman seats.
* 50 mm Bulletproof glass - Windscreen.
* 15 mm Steel - In front of forward pilot.
* 5 mm Steel - Below forward pilot.
* 5 mm Steel - Just in the upper front of the instrument panel.
* Self-sealing fuel tanks - 8 in each wing, 4 in the fuselage.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Akan m/49 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Akan m/49 cannons, nose-mounted (180 rpg = 720 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|sb m/61 (120 kg)|mb m/50 (250 kg)|mb m/56 (500 kg)|mb m/50 (600 kg)}}
{{main|psrak m/49A|srak m/51|hprak m/49}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 12 x 120 kg sb m/61 bombs (1,440 kg total)
* 5 x 250 kg mb m/50 bombs (1,250 kg total)
* 3 x 500 kg mb m/56 bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 3 x 600 kg mb m/50 bombs (1,800 kg total)
* 24 x psrak m/49A rockets
* 24 x srak m/51 rockets
* 12 x hprak m/49 rockets

== Usage in battles ==

In Air Realistic Battles, the A32A can make very effective use of its available bombs. The 3 x [[Mb m/50 (600 kg)|600 kg m/50 bombs]] deliver 480 kg of explosive mass each, which is more than enough to destroy a base at its tier. The aircraft has sufficient speed to outrun any enemy attackers in the initial phase of the match, and can generally drop its bombs on at least one base, if sufficient at avoiding [[Su-7B|Su-7]]s and/or [[Harrier (Family)|Harrier]]s. From there onwards, it's recommended to either return to the airfield, or pick off targets using the tactic described below.

An alternative route is the traditional fighter route. The A32A has an attacker spawn, and as a result may pursue enemy attackers, including but not limited to [[AV-8A|AV-8 Harriers]], [[Yak-38]]s, [[Vautour IIA IDF/AF (France)|Vautour]] bombers, and the easiest target, the [[A-4E Early|A-4E]]. The aircraft has mediocre manoeuvrability compared to its tier, but has quite decent energy retention, and can be effective if used as a boom and zoom aircraft, maintaining speed as much as possible. Unlike the fighter variant, the [[J32B|J32]], the A32 does not have missiles. This makes it entirely reliant on 4 x 20 mm cannons, which are sufficient in taking down anything that they hit. Be warned, the cannons have a finnicky placement on the bottom of the aircraft, and take some getting used to. The elevator will also lock up at high speeds, which can be a problem.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good climb rate
* Fast top speed
* Has 4 powerful nose-mounted cannons with high rate of fire, giving good one-second burst mass
* Good roll rate
* Fowler flap design provides excellent lift at low speeds
* Has a wide range of bombs and rockets loadouts, beneficial in tank RB
* Has decent pilot protection & airframe endurance
* Radar warning receiver

'''Cons:'''

* Mediocre manoeuvrability, almost every opponent it faces can outmanoeuvre it
* Very inefficient airbrake design that requires high angle-of-attack or aggressive banking to slow down
* Large target making it easy to get hit
* High rate of fire with low ammo count (90 RPG): ammunition will deplete very quickly, strict trigger control required
* Can be difficult to land as landing flaps rip above 300 km/h

== History ==

The A32A Lansen was the initial ground-attack variant of the Saab 32 ‘Lansen’ attacker / fighter aircraft. Designed to replace the obsolete propeller-powered Saab 18, the aircraft’s design was influenced by late-war German aircraft designs such as the P. 1101, P.1110, P.1111 and P.1112. The aircraft featured a conventional low-mounted swept-wing with a sleek fuselage housing a two-man crew, while the later J 32 fighter variant had a single crewmember. The A32A was introduced in 1955 with a total of 287 aircraft built for the attack role, serving until the end of the 1970s.

Following the end of the Second World War, the primary Swedish ground-attack aircraft was the obsolete Saab 18, a propeller-driven aircraft initially designed in the late 1930s. The initial design was influenced by late-war German aircraft designs such as the P. 1101, P.1110, P.1111 and P.1112, whose blueprints were given to Saab by former Messerschmitt engineers who fled to Switzerland. Among these engineers was Hermann Behrbohm, who would become a key contributor to the Saab 29, 32 and J 35 programs.

In terms of design, the A32A had a sleek fuselage with a low-mounted wing swept 35 degrees. The aircraft was powered by a Svenska Flygmotor RM5, which was a license-produced version of the Rolls-Royce Avon jet engine. This engine provided the A 32A with a thrust-to-weight ratio of ~0.3, while the later J32B fighter featured a heavily-upgraded RM6 engine producing significantly-more thrust. From the outset, the A32A was designed to house significant amounts of electronic warfare and weapons systems. The aircraft carried four 20 mm Oerlikon aircraft cannons in the nose, and could be fitted with unguided weapons including rockets and bombs up to 600 kg. The A32A could also carry two Rb 04 anti-ship missiles, one of the first cruise missiles to enter service.

In total, 287 A32A Lansens were produced for the Swedish Air Force between 1955 and 1957, replacing the Saab 18. The aircraft proved to be fairly reliable in service in terms of both aircraft and weapons systems. Additionally, the A32A was intended to carry nuclear weapons as part of Sweden’s nuclear program; these plans were shelved with the end of Sweden’s nuclear program. The A32A was Sweden’s last dedicated ground-attack aircraft; the last airframes were phased out in the 1970s in favour of the AJ 37 Viggen.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=sweden&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=assault&vehicle=saab_a32a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150">
Image:A32A over the sea!.jpg|A32A
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|s6mS74VckHw|'''Nothing To OFFER! A32A! - Sweden - Review!''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[J32B]] - Fighter variant of the aircraft.

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/480094-a-32a-lansen/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[wikipedia:Saab_32_Lansen|[Wikipedia] Saab 32 Lansen]]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden jet aircraft}}

A32A

2021-05-27T12:43:09Z

U1619975: /* Survivability and armour */

{{About
|about=Swedish strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=the fighter version
|link=J32B
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_a32a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

The A32A "Lansen" was designed and developed by the Swedish company SAAB. The development began in 1948 and it first flew in 1952. Deliveries to the Swedish air force, Flygvapnet, began in 1954. In Flygvapnet it was used as a ground-attack aircraft, being able to carry a large array of different bombs and unguided rockets as well as four 20 mm Akan m/49 canons. It remained in service until 1978 but never saw use in combat. Powered by a license-built Rolls Royce Avon engine, locally designated the RM5, it was able to break the speed of sound in a dive, thus becoming the first Swedish aircraft to fly faster than the speed of sound.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,088 || 1,084 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 34.6 || 35.6 || 44.8 || 42.0 || rowspan="2" | 900
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,101 || 1,094 || 33.6 || 34.0 || 66.2 || 55.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 524 || 491 || 320 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 850 || < 600 || < 600 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Svenska Flygmotor RM5A || 1
| colspan="2" | 8,322 kg || colspan="3" | 297 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 14m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 46m fuel
|-
| 1,350 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 9,163 kg || 9,523 kg || 10,123 kg || 11,084 kg || 13,500 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 14m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 46m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,424 kgf || 4,633 kgf
| 0.51 || 0.49 || 0.46 || 0.42 || 0.34
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 3,424 kgf (0 km/h) || 4,899 kgf (1,000 km/h)
| 0.53 || 0.51 || 0.48 || 0.44 || 0.36
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 10 mm Steel - behind the pilot and radioman seats.
* 50 mm Bulletproof glass - Windscreen.
* 15 mm Steel - In front of forward pilot.
* 5 mm Steel - Below forward pilot.
* 5 mm Steel - just in the upper front of the instrument panel.
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (8 in each wing, 4 in the fuselage).

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Akan m/49 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Akan m/49 cannons, nose-mounted (180 rpg = 720 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|sb m/61 (120 kg)|mb m/50 (250 kg)|mb m/56 (500 kg)|mb m/50 (600 kg)}}
{{main|psrak m/49A|srak m/51|hprak m/49}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 12 x 120 kg sb m/61 bombs (1,440 kg total)
* 5 x 250 kg mb m/50 bombs (1,250 kg total)
* 3 x 500 kg mb m/56 bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 3 x 600 kg mb m/50 bombs (1,800 kg total)
* 24 x psrak m/49A rockets
* 24 x srak m/51 rockets
* 12 x hprak m/49 rockets

== Usage in battles ==

In Air Realistic Battles, the A32A can make very effective use of its available bombs. The 3 x [[Mb m/50 (600 kg)|600 kg m/50 bombs]] deliver 480 kg of explosive mass each, which is more than enough to destroy a base at its tier. The aircraft has sufficient speed to outrun any enemy attackers in the initial phase of the match, and can generally drop its bombs on at least one base, if sufficient at avoiding [[Su-7B|Su-7]]s and/or [[Harrier (Family)|Harrier]]s. From there onwards, it's recommended to either return to the airfield, or pick off targets using the tactic described below.

An alternative route is the traditional fighter route. The A32A has an attacker spawn, and as a result may pursue enemy attackers, including but not limited to [[AV-8A|AV-8 Harriers]], [[Yak-38]]s, [[Vautour IIA IDF/AF (France)|Vautour]] bombers, and the easiest target, the [[A-4E Early|A-4E]]. The aircraft has mediocre manoeuvrability compared to its tier, but has quite decent energy retention, and can be effective if used as a boom and zoom aircraft, maintaining speed as much as possible. Unlike the fighter variant, the [[J32B|J32]], the A32 does not have missiles. This makes it entirely reliant on 4 x 20 mm cannons, which are sufficient in taking down anything that they hit. Be warned, the cannons have a finnicky placement on the bottom of the aircraft, and take some getting used to. The elevator will also lock up at high speeds, which can be a problem.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good climb rate
* Fast top speed
* Has 4 powerful nose-mounted cannons with high rate of fire, giving good one-second burst mass
* Good roll rate
* Fowler flap design provides excellent lift at low speeds
* Has a wide range of bombs and rockets loadouts, beneficial in tank RB
* Has decent pilot protection & airframe endurance
* Radar warning receiver

'''Cons:'''

* Mediocre manoeuvrability, almost every opponent it faces can outmanoeuvre it
* Very inefficient airbrake design that requires high angle-of-attack or aggressive banking to slow down
* Large target making it easy to get hit
* High rate of fire with low ammo count (90 RPG): ammunition will deplete very quickly, strict trigger control required
* Can be difficult to land as landing flaps rip above 300 km/h

== History ==

The A32A Lansen was the initial ground-attack variant of the Saab 32 ‘Lansen’ attacker / fighter aircraft. Designed to replace the obsolete propeller-powered Saab 18, the aircraft’s design was influenced by late-war German aircraft designs such as the P. 1101, P.1110, P.1111 and P.1112. The aircraft featured a conventional low-mounted swept-wing with a sleek fuselage housing a two-man crew, while the later J 32 fighter variant had a single crewmember. The A32A was introduced in 1955 with a total of 287 aircraft built for the attack role, serving until the end of the 1970s.

Following the end of the Second World War, the primary Swedish ground-attack aircraft was the obsolete Saab 18, a propeller-driven aircraft initially designed in the late 1930s. The initial design was influenced by late-war German aircraft designs such as the P. 1101, P.1110, P.1111 and P.1112, whose blueprints were given to Saab by former Messerschmitt engineers who fled to Switzerland. Among these engineers was Hermann Behrbohm, who would become a key contributor to the Saab 29, 32 and J 35 programs.

In terms of design, the A32A had a sleek fuselage with a low-mounted wing swept 35 degrees. The aircraft was powered by a Svenska Flygmotor RM5, which was a license-produced version of the Rolls-Royce Avon jet engine. This engine provided the A 32A with a thrust-to-weight ratio of ~0.3, while the later J32B fighter featured a heavily-upgraded RM6 engine producing significantly-more thrust. From the outset, the A32A was designed to house significant amounts of electronic warfare and weapons systems. The aircraft carried four 20 mm Oerlikon aircraft cannons in the nose, and could be fitted with unguided weapons including rockets and bombs up to 600 kg. The A32A could also carry two Rb 04 anti-ship missiles, one of the first cruise missiles to enter service.

In total, 287 A32A Lansens were produced for the Swedish Air Force between 1955 and 1957, replacing the Saab 18. The aircraft proved to be fairly reliable in service in terms of both aircraft and weapons systems. Additionally, the A32A was intended to carry nuclear weapons as part of Sweden’s nuclear program; these plans were shelved with the end of Sweden’s nuclear program. The A32A was Sweden’s last dedicated ground-attack aircraft; the last airframes were phased out in the 1970s in favour of the AJ 37 Viggen.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=sweden&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=assault&vehicle=saab_a32a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150">
Image:A32A over the sea!.jpg|A32A
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|s6mS74VckHw|'''Nothing To OFFER! A32A! - Sweden - Review!''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[J32B]] - Fighter variant of the aircraft.

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/480094-a-32a-lansen/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[wikipedia:Saab_32_Lansen|[Wikipedia] Saab 32 Lansen]]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden jet aircraft}}

A32A

2021-05-27T12:42:11Z

U1619975: /* Survivability and armour */

{{About
|about=Swedish strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=the fighter version
|link=J32B
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_a32a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

The A32A "Lansen" was designed and developed by the Swedish company SAAB. The development began in 1948 and it first flew in 1952. Deliveries to the Swedish air force, Flygvapnet, began in 1954. In Flygvapnet it was used as a ground-attack aircraft, being able to carry a large array of different bombs and unguided rockets as well as four 20 mm Akan m/49 canons. It remained in service until 1978 but never saw use in combat. Powered by a license-built Rolls Royce Avon engine, locally designated the RM5, it was able to break the speed of sound in a dive, thus becoming the first Swedish aircraft to fly faster than the speed of sound.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,088 || 1,084 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 34.6 || 35.6 || 44.8 || 42.0 || rowspan="2" | 900
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,101 || 1,094 || 33.6 || 34.0 || 66.2 || 55.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 524 || 491 || 320 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 850 || < 600 || < 600 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Svenska Flygmotor RM5A || 1
| colspan="2" | 8,322 kg || colspan="3" | 297 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 14m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 46m fuel
|-
| 1,350 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 9,163 kg || 9,523 kg || 10,123 kg || 11,084 kg || 13,500 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 14m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 46m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,424 kgf || 4,633 kgf
| 0.51 || 0.49 || 0.46 || 0.42 || 0.34
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 3,424 kgf (0 km/h) || 4,899 kgf (1,000 km/h)
| 0.53 || 0.51 || 0.48 || 0.44 || 0.36
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 10 mm Steel - behind the pilot and radioman seats.
* 50 mm Bulletproof glass - Windscreen.
* 15 mm Steel - In front of forward pilot.
* 5 mm Steel - Below forward pilot.
* 5 mm Steel - just in front of instrument panel.
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (8 in each wing, 4 in the fuselage).

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Akan m/49 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Akan m/49 cannons, nose-mounted (180 rpg = 720 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|sb m/61 (120 kg)|mb m/50 (250 kg)|mb m/56 (500 kg)|mb m/50 (600 kg)}}
{{main|psrak m/49A|srak m/51|hprak m/49}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 12 x 120 kg sb m/61 bombs (1,440 kg total)
* 5 x 250 kg mb m/50 bombs (1,250 kg total)
* 3 x 500 kg mb m/56 bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 3 x 600 kg mb m/50 bombs (1,800 kg total)
* 24 x psrak m/49A rockets
* 24 x srak m/51 rockets
* 12 x hprak m/49 rockets

== Usage in battles ==

In Air Realistic Battles, the A32A can make very effective use of its available bombs. The 3 x [[Mb m/50 (600 kg)|600 kg m/50 bombs]] deliver 480 kg of explosive mass each, which is more than enough to destroy a base at its tier. The aircraft has sufficient speed to outrun any enemy attackers in the initial phase of the match, and can generally drop its bombs on at least one base, if sufficient at avoiding [[Su-7B|Su-7]]s and/or [[Harrier (Family)|Harrier]]s. From there onwards, it's recommended to either return to the airfield, or pick off targets using the tactic described below.

An alternative route is the traditional fighter route. The A32A has an attacker spawn, and as a result may pursue enemy attackers, including but not limited to [[AV-8A|AV-8 Harriers]], [[Yak-38]]s, [[Vautour IIA IDF/AF (France)|Vautour]] bombers, and the easiest target, the [[A-4E Early|A-4E]]. The aircraft has mediocre manoeuvrability compared to its tier, but has quite decent energy retention, and can be effective if used as a boom and zoom aircraft, maintaining speed as much as possible. Unlike the fighter variant, the [[J32B|J32]], the A32 does not have missiles. This makes it entirely reliant on 4 x 20 mm cannons, which are sufficient in taking down anything that they hit. Be warned, the cannons have a finnicky placement on the bottom of the aircraft, and take some getting used to. The elevator will also lock up at high speeds, which can be a problem.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good climb rate
* Fast top speed
* Has 4 powerful nose-mounted cannons with high rate of fire, giving good one-second burst mass
* Good roll rate
* Fowler flap design provides excellent lift at low speeds
* Has a wide range of bombs and rockets loadouts, beneficial in tank RB
* Has decent pilot protection & airframe endurance
* Radar warning receiver

'''Cons:'''

* Mediocre manoeuvrability, almost every opponent it faces can outmanoeuvre it
* Very inefficient airbrake design that requires high angle-of-attack or aggressive banking to slow down
* Large target making it easy to get hit
* High rate of fire with low ammo count (90 RPG): ammunition will deplete very quickly, strict trigger control required
* Can be difficult to land as landing flaps rip above 300 km/h

== History ==

The A32A Lansen was the initial ground-attack variant of the Saab 32 ‘Lansen’ attacker / fighter aircraft. Designed to replace the obsolete propeller-powered Saab 18, the aircraft’s design was influenced by late-war German aircraft designs such as the P. 1101, P.1110, P.1111 and P.1112. The aircraft featured a conventional low-mounted swept-wing with a sleek fuselage housing a two-man crew, while the later J 32 fighter variant had a single crewmember. The A32A was introduced in 1955 with a total of 287 aircraft built for the attack role, serving until the end of the 1970s.

Following the end of the Second World War, the primary Swedish ground-attack aircraft was the obsolete Saab 18, a propeller-driven aircraft initially designed in the late 1930s. The initial design was influenced by late-war German aircraft designs such as the P. 1101, P.1110, P.1111 and P.1112, whose blueprints were given to Saab by former Messerschmitt engineers who fled to Switzerland. Among these engineers was Hermann Behrbohm, who would become a key contributor to the Saab 29, 32 and J 35 programs.

In terms of design, the A32A had a sleek fuselage with a low-mounted wing swept 35 degrees. The aircraft was powered by a Svenska Flygmotor RM5, which was a license-produced version of the Rolls-Royce Avon jet engine. This engine provided the A 32A with a thrust-to-weight ratio of ~0.3, while the later J32B fighter featured a heavily-upgraded RM6 engine producing significantly-more thrust. From the outset, the A32A was designed to house significant amounts of electronic warfare and weapons systems. The aircraft carried four 20 mm Oerlikon aircraft cannons in the nose, and could be fitted with unguided weapons including rockets and bombs up to 600 kg. The A32A could also carry two Rb 04 anti-ship missiles, one of the first cruise missiles to enter service.

In total, 287 A32A Lansens were produced for the Swedish Air Force between 1955 and 1957, replacing the Saab 18. The aircraft proved to be fairly reliable in service in terms of both aircraft and weapons systems. Additionally, the A32A was intended to carry nuclear weapons as part of Sweden’s nuclear program; these plans were shelved with the end of Sweden’s nuclear program. The A32A was Sweden’s last dedicated ground-attack aircraft; the last airframes were phased out in the 1970s in favour of the AJ 37 Viggen.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=sweden&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=assault&vehicle=saab_a32a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150">
Image:A32A over the sea!.jpg|A32A
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|s6mS74VckHw|'''Nothing To OFFER! A32A! - Sweden - Review!''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[J32B]] - Fighter variant of the aircraft.

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/480094-a-32a-lansen/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[wikipedia:Saab_32_Lansen|[Wikipedia] Saab 32 Lansen]]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden jet aircraft}}

Golovachev's Yak-9M

2021-05-27T12:28:14Z

U1619975: /* Usage in battles */

{{About
| about = premium gift Soviet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Yak-9 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=yak-9m
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

'''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.49 "Weapons of Victory"]]. The plane is painted after the camouflage scheme of Soviet pilot Pavel Y. Golovachev in the 900th fighter squadron from February 1945 onward, where he piloted a Yak-9M plane during the Battle of Berlin.

This vehicle, as with all Yaks, is a decent fighter when used properly. Climbing to ~ 2000 m will ensure that the fighter will have enough energy to engage targets. With flaps, the Yak-9M is a decent turner, though this should not be relied on as it quickly loses energy when fighting in the horizontal.

Golovachev's Yak-9M is the only Yak-9M in the game. It features a distinct camouflage with pre-applied decals and text along the fuselage, setting it apart visually from its contemporaries. With a nose-mounted 20 mm and a 12.7 mm Berezin machine gun, it has a fairly effective armament for a Russian fighter at this tier, though it is lacklustre compared to other nations.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 614 || 604 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.7 || 18.4 || 15.6 || 14.6 || rowspan="2" | 350
|-
! Upgraded
| 633 || 617 || 17.5 || 18.0 || 18.7 || 16.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 280 || ~12 || ~9
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 380 || < 420 || < 490 || > 340
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The Yak-9M isn't the worst protected aircraft, but it isn't great either. It has some armour protection, and the fuel tanks are self-sealing. Most of the fuel tanks are located in the wings, and one is located beneath the pilot's seat in the fuselage, along with the oil cooler. All of the important modules are located in the inner wings or the front half of the fuselage. You can not rely on the armour of the Yak-9M, although it may save you on a rare occasion.

* 64 mm Bulletproof glass - Windscreen
* 64 mm Bulletproof glass - Behind pilot's head
* 8 mm Steel - Behind pilot's seat
* Self-sealing fuel tanks

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ShVAK (20 mm)|Berezin UB (12.7 mm)}}

'''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm ShVAK cannon, nose-mounted (120 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, nose-mounted (200 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

A distinct Boom & Zoom aircraft, it is important to have the altitude advantage over your opponents. Though this plane has quite a bit of power flight wise, it is lacking in the ability to sustain itself in prolonged fights, especially in turning engagements.

Japanese fighters will out-turn you in both the horizontal and vertical, though they, for the most-part, lack the punching power at this BR to quickly destroy you. As long as you keep your energy up, engaging any aircraft at this tier is no issue unless their have rear gunners.

Many will head-on this aircraft if you give them the opportunity. Since the Yak-9M doesn't have a particularly heavy armament, it is inadvisable to rely on sniping them in this type of engagement. Bomber gunners will shred your engine if you give them the opportunity, so engaging them from directly above or from the sides is preferable to ensure survival.

=== Naval and Ground Battles ===
The Yak-9M cannot be equipped with bombs or any secondary ordnance, it should only be used an areal denial fighter to fight off enemy fighters and knockout bombers which pose a threat to the team capping the zones.

==== Ground Battle ====
One of the advantages is the Yak-9M has a 20 mm shVAK cannon it can penetrate up to 27 mm, which is enough to knock out most enemy tanks by shooting at the roofs which are normally between 5-25 mm thick.

==== Naval Battle ====
In a naval battles, the Yak-9M armament is enough to reap havoc upon the enemy patrol ships. The important factour is not to come in straight by instead climb and dive upon them like Zeus throwing a lighting bolt into the ground, when that bolt hits the ground it explodes! Make sure to lead the enemy ship and aim for the bridge, a few shots here with it's 20 mm shVAK will sink the ship, if not cause major damage and knockout most of it's crew.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The nose mounted cannon and machine gun allow for excellent aiming, even when convergence is set to close range
* Decent acceleration and energy retention
* Great elevator authority at most speeds

'''Cons:'''

* Low amount of ammo
* The singular Berezin UB is a lacklustre secondary
* Engine is vulnerable to anything bigger than a 7.7 mm

== History ==


[[File:Pavel_Golovachev.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Hero of the Soviet Union twice, Pavel Golovachev was credited with 31 aerial victories.]]
=== Pavel Golovachev ===
Pavel Golovachev was born on 15 December 1917 in the village of Koshelovo, in present-day Belarus. He entered trade school in 1933, graduated in 1935, and began working at a timber processing plant directly afterwards. He attended the Gomel aeroclub and graduated in 1938. He then went on to graduate from Odessa Military Aviation School of Pilots in 1940, after joining the military. His first assignment was to the 168th Fighter Aviation Regiment in Crimea.

Golovachev was stationed at Iași when the Germans began Operation Barbarossa on 22 June 1941. He flew a number of ground attack missions in a Polikarpov I-16 until October of the same year, when he was transferred to the 69th Fighter Aviation Regiment (renamed to 9th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment in March 1942).

On one mission that year, Golovachev flew a mission that resulted in his hospitalization. He and his wingman were engaged by four Bf 109s. Golovachev shot down one of the enemy fighters before his cockpit glass and instruments were shot out by the others. Golovachev successfully completed a belly landing upon returning to base, as his landing gear had been damaged. Surgeons were able to remove all but five pieces of shrapnel.

On 23 August, Golovachev was hospitalized after another mission went wrong. In the engagement that day Golovachev shot down one Ju 88, but then lost consciousness after being hit by enemy cannon fire. When he regained consciousness his LaGG-33 was in a spin, but Golovachev was able to get his aircraft back into level flight. The tail then fell off, causing the aircraft to crash into the Don River.

After his recovery and subsequent release from the hospital, Golovachev was retrained to fly the Yak-1. As a lieutenant, Golovachev's assignment was as a flight commander in the 3rd Squadron; the squadron was then commanded by Amet-khan Sultan, a flying ace. While flying for the squadron, Golovachev participated in a large number of engagements against German aircraft - many of the times the Germans had an advantage in numbers. He became a member of the Communist Party in 1943 and was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for shooting down 17 enemy aircraft in November. He had by then participated in 92 dogfights and flown 225 sorties.

He was promoted to Captain in the summer of 1944, and was assigned as the deputy squadron commander. During a mission over East Prussia on 30 December 1944, Golovachev ran out of ammunition whilst attempting to down a German Ju-188, so he rammed the aircraft. As a result of the ramming his aircraft entered a dive, but he was able to pull out and make it back to the airfield. For this action he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

Golovachev became the commander of the first squadron in February 1945. On 25 April 1945, he scored his two last aerial victories when he shot down two German FW-190s. His total at the end of the war was 31 aerial victories, one group aerial victory, 457 sorties, and 125 aerial battles. On 29 June 1945, he was again awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

He remained in the Air Force after the end of the war, graduating from the Red Banner Air Force Academy in 1951, and in 1959 he graduated from the Military Academy of General Staff. He held several senior positions in the Air Force, becoming a General-Major of Aviation in 1957. He died in Belarus in 1972.

=== Yak-9M ===
The first Yak-9M began testing at the Air Force Research Institute on 17 December 1944, and testing ended on the 27th of the same month. Production of the Yak-9M had actually started ten months earlier at factory #153; production lasted between May 1944 and June 1945, with a total of 4239 Yak-9Ms produced.

The Yak-9M was an improvement of the Yak-9D, and it featured a new VK-105PF2 engine and VISh-105SV-01 propeller. Additionally, the cockpit was moved 400 mm (40 cm) towards the rear of the fuselage. The Yak-9M incorporated a jettisonable canopy, automatic water temperature control unit, and a pneumatic rather than mechanical armament control - the Yak-9M was the first Yak-9 to include these features. The performance of the Yak-9M was comparable to that of the Yak-9D, but with the large number of improvements listed above.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/235707-yakovlev-yak-9m/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Yakovlev}}
{{USSR fighters}}
{{USSR premium aircraft}}

G-5

2021-05-25T23:35:20Z

U1619975: Undo revision 103718 by U44982996 (talk) This is not accurate

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_g5_mtb
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a reserve rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet motor torpedo boat {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]] when the Soviet fleet was implemented into the game. It has a single 12.7 mm DShK machine gun and carries two torpedoes

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}


[[File:X-RayImage StarboardView G-5.png|thumb|Profile shot of the G-5. The two engines sit at the bow and ammunition storage is tucked behind the bridge where the turret is.]]
The G-5 has no armour in its overall design, to the point where the only armour is the armoured glass, which provides 5mm of protection! located on the windows of the bridge. As such, any small arms armament can penetrate and destroy, critical modules and knock out crew members. The G-5 carries a crew complement of six, which are all located around the conning tower of the ship. Meaning any well placed shots with high explosive rounds or concentration of fire on this area, can see all the crew members knocked out and the ship destroyed!

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

In Arcade battles the ship can reach its top speed of 132 km/h within 14.9 seconds and in Realistic & Simulator it can reach up to 94 km/h within 14.3 Seconds.
The Reverse speeds can reach up to an impressive 62 km/h! Its small size, combined with its very fast speed, manoeuvrability creates a highly agile ship.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|DShK (12.7 mm)}}

The only gun on the G-5 is a single 12.7 mm DShK machine gun. It can destroy any motor torpedo boats and some larger boats if your lucky. Being located in the centre of the vessel it does have 360 degrees of aiming but is somewhat restricted in elevation when pointed towards the bow due to structural designs meaning it can only be reliably fired at other vessels when aimed at the sides or rear of the ship. You can research two different ammo belts for the 12.7 mm, the high explosive incendiary (HEI) and armour piercing incendiary tracer (APIT) rounds.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|53-38 (533 mm)}}

The G-5 carries two 533 mm 53-38 torpedoes. They have a range of 4 km at a speed of 82 km/h. With the Torpedo Mode module installed, they can reach 10 km at a reduced speed of 75 km/h. As both torpedoes sit in the aft pointing towards the bow, they are accurate and easy to aim with.

== Usage in battles ==


The G-5 is a fast and manoeuvrable ship, with speeds up to 122 km/h in Arcade and 94 km/h in Realistic & Simulator Battles. The G-5 also offers excellent manoeuvrability, at high speeds compared to it competitors such as the PT, LS and others. The G-5 is one of the fastest vessels in the game, almost twice as fast as other similar vessels in its class.

As such it is best utilised to capture points early, providing cover to allies with smokescreen, and sneaking around enemies and ambushing them with hit-and-run tactics with its slightly faster and accurate torpedoes.

When playing the G-5 in Arcade battles, it is important to be aware of your team mates - since most vessels travel at high speed it is not impossible for your team mates to accidentally collide into you. When this happens, the G-5 is a small and lightweight vessel, it is possible when they collide in the heat of battle, that they can flip you over and you drown.

In battle, the G-5 can be compared to a piranha, its small size, high agility, resilience and being very fast makes it unstoppable in the hands of a skilled player. When engaging enemy ships, turn the G-5 into them, keeping G-5 profile, very small and hard to hit. Using the great high speed manoeuvrability offered, bring the ship along side and blast them with the 12.7 mm machine gun.

It is important to make every shot count, do not aim for open spaces, aim for areas such the bridge and engine room where the rounds from the G-5 will be able to cause alot of damage to critical parts and knocking out sailors on the enemy vessel.

Using the G-5 torpedoes, are more suited to bigger, slower and less manoeuvrable ships such as the following the class of ships: [[BMO]], [[165 ft PC-451]],[[SF40 Leichte]], [[Isles_class_(T-285)|Isles class]], [[Type K-3 / No.1 Class]] and other types which are similar to these. However, it is not impossible to use the torpedoes on smaller & manoeuvrable targets, one of the ways is to out manoeuvre the opponent, and turn into them and launch it allowing the rival to sail into it.

=== Pros and cons ===


* Machine gun can carry a surplus of ammunition
* Two torpedoes facing forwards, can help lead to incoming enemies
* Small profile can make it hard to hit from a distance, especially against large-calibre weapons that have a slow fire rate
* Speedy
* Long range torpedoes (10 km)

'''Cons:'''

* Basically no armour
* Armament cannot fire towards the front except at high elevations
* Machine gun armament has small belt of 50 rounds before reloading
* Front is filled with engines, center filled with other important parts and crew, enemies can easily prioritize targeting for elimination
* Gunner is somewhat exposed due to the lack of a gun shield.

== History ==


The G-5 motor torpedo boat, produced from 1933 until 1941, was developed from the Sh-4 class of motor torpedo boats. The unarmed prototype model of the G-5, designed in 1932, used imported Italian engines as no satisfactory Russian engines were yet available. The production model, however, used an adapted Mikulin AM-34 aircraft engine, designated as GAM-34. Its torpedo release system was based off of British WWI-era coastal torpedo boats that were captured during the Russian Civil War. It was also armed with a 7.62mm machine gun, however, later models were instead fitted with a 12.7mm machine gun, and it is this iteration of the G-5 that is available as a reserve boat in the USSR naval tech tree. Other variants that were produced included ships that possessed two 12.7mm machine guns instead of one, and ships that were additionally mounted with ROFS-82 or ROFS-132 rocket launchers. Some even had both (Such as the G-5 TKA 106, available in the USSR's premium naval tech tree). Still others replaced the 12.7mm machine gun entirely with a 20mm ShVAK cannon (Such as the G-5 (ShVAK), also available in the USSR's premium naval tech tree). Including all variants, an approximate 300 G-5s were built. Despite their classification, they are not known to have been used to torpedo enemy ships very often, instead being relegated for the most part to more standard assignments such as landing units, transports, escorts, and the like. Four were exported to the Spanish Republican Navy for use in the Spanish Civil War, and an additional unknown number to North Korea. They remained in Soviet service until the 1950s.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on ship;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR boats}}

G-5 (ShVAK)

2021-05-25T23:35:07Z

U1619975: Undo revision 103719 by U44982996 (talk) This is not accurate

{{About
| about = premium Soviet motor torpedo boat '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = G-5 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_g5_mtb_shvak
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet motor torpedo boat {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.83 "Masters of the Sea"]] as part of the fleet release into open beta test. This is a nice modification to the regular reserve version. The 20 mm cannon has good fire rate and good penetration.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

[[File:X-RayImage StarboardView G-5.png|thumb|Profile shot of the G-5. The two engines sit at the bow and ammunition storage is tucked behind the bridge where the turret is.]]

The G-5 ShVAK has no armour in its overall design, to the point where the only armour is the bulletproof glass on the windows of the bridge, which provides 5 mm of protection! As such, any small arms armament can penetrate and destroy critical modules and knock out crew members. The G-5 carries a crew complement of six, all located around the conning tower of the ship, meaning any well-placed shots with high explosive rounds or concentration of fire on this area can see all the crew members knocked out and the ship destroyed!

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

In Arcade battles, the ship can reach its top speed of 132 km/h within 14.9 seconds, and in Realistic & Simulator, it can reach up to 94 km/h within 14.3 seconds. The reverse speeds can reach up to an impressive 62 km/h! Its small size, combined with its breakneck speed and manoeuvrability, creates a highly agile ship.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|ShVAK (20 mm)}}

The 20 mm ShVAK cannon is a truly menacing tool, it provides great destructive capabilities over to enemy vehicles, whether it be aerial or naval targets which are met in battle. The cannon is placed at the rear of the conning tower, and provides great defensive and offensive capabilities for the ship. However, it is important to note that the ShVAK is unable to provide any stopping power when enemy ships are in front of it due to the ship commander is placed in front, along with the ship radio mask which prevents the cannon from being lowered.

* It takes between 5.85 and 4.5 Seconds to reload this in game - 4.5 second time is achieved with a fully qualified & upgraded crew.

The 20 mm ShVAK cannon has three choices of ammunition:

* '''Universal'''
* '''HE''' '''H'''igh '''E'''xplosive
* '''AP''' '''A'''rmour '''P'''iercing

Each ammunition has a unique belt that defines how the rounds are loaded into the gun.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|53-38 (533 mm)}}

The G-5 ShaVAK has two [[53-38]] torpedoes, placed in the rear of the ship. When these are launched from the ship, they are ejected backwards into the water and then submerse under the ship. These torpedoes are able to take down any ship in the game with well placed & calculated shots.

== Usage in battles ==


The G-5 ShVAK is a fast and manoeuvrable ship, with speeds up to 122 km/h in Arcade and 94 km/h in Realistic & Simulator Battles. The G-5 ShVAK also offers excellent manoeuvrability at high speeds compared to its competitors, such as the PT, LS, and others. Additionally, the G-5 ShVAK is armed with a 20 mm cannon; not all rivals have cannons or machine guns. The G-5 ShVAK is one of the fastest vessels in the game, almost twice as fast as other vessels similar in its class. As such, it is best utilised to capture points early, providing cover to allies with a smokescreen, and sneaking around enemies and ambushing them with hit-and-run tactics with its slightly faster and accurate torpedoes.

When playing the G-5 ShVAK in Arcade battles, it is crucial to be aware of your teammates - since most vessels travel at high speed, it is not impossible for your teammates to accidentally collide into you. When this happens, the G-5 is a small and lightweight vessel, and when they clash in the heat of battle, they can flip you over, and you drown.

In battle, whether it is Arcade, Realistic or Simulator, the G-5 ShVAK can be compared to a piranha; it's small, highly agile, resilient, and very fast, making it unstoppable in the hands of a skilled player. When engaging enemy ships, turn the G-5 into them, keeping G-5 profile, very small, and hard to hit. Using the tremendous high speed and manoeuvrability offered, bring the ship alongside and blast them with the ShVAK 20 mm cannon.

It is essential to make every shot count, do not aim for open spaces, aim for areas such as the bridge and engine room where the rounds from the G-5 will be able to cause a lot of damage to critical parts and knocking out sailors on the enemy vessel.

It should be noted that the ShVAK cannon armament, while relatively potent at close-range, is wildly inaccurate at longer ranges. Especially while travelling at or near top speeds, with no modern stabilizer of any kind, the ShVAK is subject to 'bouncing' over the waves, making long-distance shots very difficult. As such, the armament is most effective at short to medium-ranges (100-300 m). The 'HE' belt, with three fragmentation/incendiary-tracer & fragmentation/incendiary rounds to every one AP round, will be the most effective belt against smaller vessels, as they typically have little to no armour, making penetration not terribly important. Against medium to large-sized vessels or a smaller ship with a thick hull, the 'AP' belt, with three AP/AP-I rounds for every one FI-T round, will be most effective. Given its role as a short-to-medium range 'brawler,' though, one should consider taking mostly HE belts, with only a few AP belts, as the likelyhood of engaging a well-armored vessel at this BR is relatively low. That being said, consideration should also be given to the possibility of facing certain other Russian or Japanese vessels, as some of these ''do'' indeed sport relatively thick armor. Larger vessels should ideally be engaged with the torpedoes.

The G-5's torpedoes are more suited to be used against bigger, slower, and less manoeuvrable ships such as the [[BMO]], [[165 ft PC-451]], [[SF40 Leichte]], [[Isles class (T-285)|Isles class]], [[Type K-3 / No.1 Class]] and other types which are similar to these. However, it is not impossible to use the torpedoes on smaller targets.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great top speed
* Great manoeuvrability
* 20 mm ShVAK cannon packs a more powerful punch than the DShK machine gun
* As with all PT boats, wields powerful torpedoes
* Torpedoes are stored internally, making it difficult to spot a launch
* Long range torpedoes (10 km)

'''Cons:'''

* No armour
* Low ammunition capacity for the ShVAK; can run out of ammo quickly if not properly handled.
* Inadequate gun elevation and transverse

== History ==

This is one of the probable modifications of the original G-5 ship since there is little to none historical data to prove it. Already using an engine from the aircraft, it is possible that one was modified with the 20 mm cannon. Standard armament on these patrol boats was a single 7.62 mm (0.300 in) machine gun, which was later upgraded to one or two 12.7 mm (0.50 in) DShK machine guns in different mounts.

== Media ==

[[File:Ussr g5 mtb shvak.jpg|thumb|none|250px|{{PAGENAME}} featured in in-game art.]]

== See also ==


* [[G-5]] - tech-tree version of the vessel

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4291-development-g-5-torpedo-boat-the-little-terror-en/|[Development] G-5 torpedo boat: The Little Terror]]

{{USSR boats}}
{{USSR premium ships}}

F.C.20 Bis

2021-05-24T15:36:36Z

U1619975: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card
|code=fc_20_bis
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,700 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 425 || 410 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 26.0 || 27.2 || 4.8 || 4.6 || rowspan="2" | 600
|-
! Upgraded
| 456 || 439 || 24.1 || 25.0 || 8.1 || 6.4
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 320 || 260 || ~9 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 280 || < 280 || < 410 || > 250
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 8 mm of steel in the nose in front of the pilot
* 8 mm of steel in the floor of the cockpit
* 8 mm of steel of the pilot seat
* 8 mm of steel in rear fuselage
* 38 mm bulletproof glass in front of pilot
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (2 in each wing)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 37 mm Breda Model 39 37/45 cannon, nose-mounted (42 rpg)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, wing-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|GP 50 (50 kg)|GP 100T (100 kg)|SAP 100M (100 kg)|A.P 160 (160 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (100 kg total)
* 2 x 100 kg GP 100T bombs (200 kg total)
* 2 x 100 kg SAP 100M bombs (200 kg total)
* 2 x 160 kg A.P 160 bombs (320 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Scotti (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 12.7 mm Scotti machine gun, turret (650 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

''Air battles''

The F.C.20 Bis is an attacker, very good at its BR. At the beginning of the battle, attack ground targets or climb to altitude and attack bombers, attackers and interceptors. Your 37 mm cannon is very powerful, even one shot can destroy a plane, in fact the 37 mm cannon can be used against ground targets with armour. If an enemy plane is approaching to attack you from behind, use your rear [[Scotti (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm Scotti machine gun]] with the universal belt that contains 2 AP-I bullets and 2 API-T bullets per belt.

Use the tracer ammunition belt that contains 4 API-T bullets per belt for the [[Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT]] offensive machine gun. For the [[37 mm/54 Breda Mod.39 (37 mm)|37 mm 37/45 Breda Mod.39]], use the air targets belt that contains 4 HEF-T bullets per belt against enemy aircraft, and the armored targets belt that contains 4 APHE bullets per belt against ground targets. The later belt is good because it has a post-penetration damage that increases the damage caused by these shots.

''Ground battles''

When using the F.C.20 Bis in mixed ground battles, use the following payloads: 2 x [[SAP 100M (100 kg)|SAP 100M]] or 2 x AP 160. After spawning with the F.C.20 Bis, increase your altitude and dive to drop your bombs with greater accuracy. Set the fuse on the bombs to a minimum of 1 to 1.5 seconds.. After delivering your bombs, gain some altitude and perform dive attacks with the 37/45 Breda Mod.39 to shoot through the top of ground vehicles where you can easily penetrate them and cause damage or destroy them.

''Naval battles''

You can use the F.C.20Bis in land mode, use the following payloads: 2x [[SAP 100M (100 kg)|SAP 100M]] or 2x AP 160. Set the fuse on the bombs to assault fuse, after you spawn with the F.C.20 Bis, increase your altitude and choose a naval target. After selecting it, fly in its direction until you're above, perform a vertical dive attack. While you are diving, evade the AA shots and after positioning yourself perpendicularly on the enemy ship, try to drop the bombs in the vital points of the ship (turrets, bridge, engine bay), then fly away, dodging anti-aircraft fire.

'''AB mode'''

In arcade mode, you can attack ground targets or you can dogfight with enemy planes with your manoeuvrability. Make sure that no one is behind you because if a fighter comes from behind you can not easily defend yourself.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good ground attack capabilities
** Has a quick firing 37 mm (with 49 mm AP penetration)
** Payloads can serve a variety of different purposes
* Defensive turret has a 180° turn radius, covering a wide range

'''Cons:'''

* Mediocre climb rate
* Heavy plane
* Weak engines
* Catches fire easily
* Rather underwhelming defensive armament
* Loses a lot of speed in turns
* Not very fast for its BR

== History ==

'''History'''

The multi-role attacker '''FIAT CANSA F.C.20''' was developed by the Giacomo Mosso, an Italian aeronautic engineer, after the experience made with Ing. Rosatelli on the ''CR.25'', he decided, in order to reduce design time, to adopt for the new aircraft the side wings, engines and undercarriage of the twin-engine FIAT.

Thus the '''F.C.20 (FIAT CANSA 20)''' was built and was proposed to the Regia Aeronautica in competition with the Caproni-Bargamasche ''Ca.331'', ''AUT.45'' of the Aeronautica Umbra, Ambrosini ''SAI.9'' and ''IMAM Ro.61''.

The Aeronautical Administration ordered two examples of ''Ca.331'', ''AUT.45'' (later cancelled) and '''F.C.20''', the order was communicated to CANSA and on 15 October 1938 the two prototypes were assigned serial numbers '''MM 403''' and '''MM 404'''.

The '''F.C.20''' continued its evaluation cycle at Guidonia, without arousing any particular enthusiasm and probably would have been abandoned if, at the request of the new Chief of Staff General Fouger, the competition for an assault and ground attack aircraft had not been announced together with that for a twin-engine dive-bombing aircraft.

CANSA immediately saw the chance to save its aircraft and immediately undertook the transformation of the two prototypes.

New versions of the '''F.C.20''' were thus born, one of which, the '''F.C.20Bis''', was to be a a true remake of the original aircraft. The most noticeable renovations were in the fuselage, which underwent extensive structural and architectural modifications.

The crew area was protected by armoring the front fuselage, the rear turret, the floor and the pilot's seat. The crew was reduced to only two persons: pilot and gunner-radio operator.

The armament consisted of a Breda 37/45 gun from two [[Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT]] machine guns fixed in the fighter with 350 shots each, and a [[Scotti_(12.7_mm)|12.7 mm "Scotti"]] mounted in a ''Caproni Lanciani Delta E'' dorsal turret with 500 shots.

In addition to the 250 kg wing attachments, the installation of a "Nardi" ventral splitter with 2 kg anti-personnel bombs was also planned, but it does not appear that this was installed.

Other variants:

* '''F.C.20'''
* '''F.C.20Ter '''
* '''F.C.20Quater'''

'''Italian military service'''

Few production '''FC.20Bis''' were built and it is known that three served the 174th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron in July 1943 but were not used operationally. Italian military operations ceased with the armistice of September 1943.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=italy&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=assault&vehicle=fc_20_bis Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
* [[Ki-45 (Family)|Ki-45]]
* [[Bf 110 C-6]]
* [[XA-38]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/504173-cansa-fc20-bis/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Fiat}}
{{Italy strike aircraft}}

F-4F Early (Germany)

2021-05-23T22:40:39Z

U1619975: Undo revision 103585 by U32030065 (talk) Please go to the forums for any bugs - have a great weekend!

{{About
| about = German jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = F-4 Phantom II (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f-4f
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|market=items_F-4F Early (Germany)
|cockpit=Cockpit f-4f early.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Ixwa Strike"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/7107-event-future-technology-en|Future Technology]] event.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 12,192 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,066 || 2,020 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 26.5 || 27.8 || 162.3 || 152.4 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,197 || 2,126 || 25.5 || 26.0 || 236.1 || 204.9
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 607 || 580 || 463 || ~11 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 810 || < 750 || < 700 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | MTU Aero Engines J79-MTU-17A || 2
| colspan="2" | 14,375 kg || colspan="2" | ___ kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 27m fuel
|-
| 1,724 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 15,941 kg || 18,196 kg || 19,595 kg || 24,000 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 27m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 5,200 kgf || 8,008 kgf
| 1.00 || 0.88 || 0.82 || 0.67
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 5,200 kgf (0 km/h) || 10,170 kgf (1,400 km/h)
| 1.28 || 1.12 || 1.04 || 0.85
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm M61 cannon, chin-mounted (640 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|M117 cone 45 (750 lb)|LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)|M61 (20 mm)}}
{{main|AIM-9B FGW.2 Sidewinder|AIM-9E Sidewinder|AIM-9J Sidewinder|FFAR Mighty Mouse|Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 20 mm M61 cannons (1,200 rpg = 2,400 total)
* 2 x 20 mm M61 cannons + 4 x AIM-9B FGW.2 Sidewinder missiles
* 2 x 20 mm M61 cannons + 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles
* 2 x 20 mm M61 cannons + 4 x AIM-9J Sidewinder missiles
* 24 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (12,000 lb total)
* 16 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (12,000 lb total)
* 11 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (11,000 lb total)
* 3 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 4 x AIM-9B FGW.2 Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9J Sidewinder missiles
* 285 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 60 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 18 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (9,000 lb total) + 4 x AIM-9B FGW.2 Sidewinder missiles
* 18 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (9,000 lb total) + 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles
* 18 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (9,000 lb total) + 4 x AIM-9J Sidewinder missiles
* 10 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (7,500 lb total) + 4 x AIM-9B FGW.2 Sidewinder missiles
* 10 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (7,500 lb total) + 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles
* 10 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (7,500 lb total) + 4 x AIM-9J Sidewinder missiles
* 7 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (7,000 lb total) + 4 x AIM-9B FGW.2 Sidewinder missiles
* 7 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (7,000 lb total) + 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles
* 7 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (7,000 lb total) + 4 x AIM-9J Sidewinder missiles
* 3 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (6,000 lb total) + 4 x AIM-9B FGW.2 Sidewinder missiles
* 3 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (6,000 lb total) + 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles
* 3 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (6,000 lb total) + 4 x AIM-9J Sidewinder missiles
* 171 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 4 x AIM-9B FGW.2 Sidewinder missiles
* 171 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles
* 171 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 4 x AIM-9J Sidewinder missiles
* 36 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets + 4 x AIM-9B FGW.2 Sidewinder missiles
* 36 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets + 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles
* 36 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets + 4 x AIM-9J Sidewinder missiles

== Usage in battles ==


The aircraft is pretty heavy, rather quick in acceleration and top speed and doesn't have the best turn time. Its armament, however, is impressive. With the gun pod modification equipped, you'll fire enough lead downrange to destroy any air target. Using the phantom as a turnfighter is generally ill-advised. Therefore, try to ambush a unsuspecting enemy. Even the single 20 mm cannon will give any foe a fiery end.

Using the bombs on the F-4F usually isn't that great of an idea: the match often evolves to the later stages before you will be able to rearm, and then two situations usually occur. Situation 1 involves your team destroying more aircraft of the enemy team, leading to a victory where bombing bases turned out to not be decisive and therefore it can be argued you are a dead weight. Situation 2 is when your team is losing. After you dropped the payload and destroyed the base in situation 2, the opposite team will start to hunt down the remaining friendly players. You might be able to survive 1 or 2 enemies, but having four on our tail usually ends badly.

Any engagement will boil down to three basic situations: you find an enemy doing a head-on, you chase an enemy or you get chased by the enemy. When doing a head-on, missiles aren't very effective so don't bother using them. Keep in mind if you're fighting another phantom, that he'll often have the afterburner on, and given the engines slight downward angle, kind of "drift", which has to be taken into account before taking the shot. You usually want to fire at around 3 km during the head-on, and keep on firing either until you get a critical hit(i.e he lost tail control, wings or he is on fire) or you can hear his shells whizzing by. In either situation, break off (an aircraft with no control travelling at 600 or more km/h still has a lot of kinetic energy, and the second situation speaks for itself). Otherwise, try to get onto his tail by starting to break off before he has passed you.

If you are chasing an enemy, try to predict his movements: your shells have a high muzzle velocity, but the enemy is still a fast and therefore difficult target. Fire along the path they can possibly go through, wasting ammo but securing a (usually critical) hit. Know when to disengage, i.e rolling scissors or another enemy is engaging you.

If you are being chased by the enemy, try to be as far and as fast as possible: if you have friendly fighters nearby, try to bait the enemies towards your teammates. If you play on a map with ships that have CIWS, many players usually underestimate those systems. It doesn't give you the kill but it keeps you alive to get more kills or bait more players. If a missile is locked onto you, try to lose as little energy as possible whilst also making sure the missile won't hit. Remember that you do not have countermeasures.

The missiles on the F-4F, apart from the AIM-9J, aren't very good. the AIM-9B FGW.2 and AIM-9E both have pretty poor lock-on range, small targeting window and they can pull roughly 10 G. The AIM-9J is better, it has a higher lock-on range, a pretty large targeting window, can pull 20 G and is faster. You want to fire a missile when the enemy is close and slow. Very close targets usually don't have the time to activate countermeasures, or the countermeasures are flat out ignored. Another way of using missiles is to make the enemy lose their energy, and making them an easy target to hit with either another missile or with your cannon.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good performance at high altitude
* Can carry up to 12,000 lb of ordnance
* Varied and mixed armament presets allow for multipurpose usage in ground battles
* AIM-9J are one of the best missiles in game

'''Cons:'''

* Lacks countermeasures (flares/chaff)
* Lacks SARH missiles found on other Phantoms, such as the AIM-7 Sparrow
* Underwhelming performance at very low altitudes
* Lacks a [[Ballistic Computer]]
* Cannot carry more than 4 missiles
* Dodging IR missiles is harder, with its 2 engines, which make a bigger heat signature near the plane

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=jet_fighter&vehicle=f-4f Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;'''Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era'''

* Mikoyan-Gurevich [[MiG-21 (Family)]]
* SAAB [[J35D]]
* Dassault [[Mirage IIIC]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7104-development-craft-srafting-event-early-f-4f-phantom-ii-en|[Devblog] Сrafting event: Early F-4F Phantom II]]

{{AirManufacturer McDonnell}}
{{Germany jet aircraft}}

MC-490

2021-05-23T16:29:01Z

U1619975: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_mc490_folgore
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian motor torpedo boat {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}


The P-490 is fairly well-defended for a boat of its size. Although it does not have any armour plating, its internal modules are well-placed to increase survivability. The ammunition storage is located beneath the waterline, making detonation unlikely. One of its fuel tanks is also located below the waterline. With this protection, the P-490 can survive a good number of hits from low-calibre guns. However, the main calibre rounds fired by destroyers and other large ships will have no difficulty in destroying or at least dealing great damage to this vessel.

With its modest 38-man crew, the Folgore finds itself in a modestly balanced position among its most common contenders. The Folgore often finds itself against the American [[89 ft PT-810]]; the German [[MZ1]]; the Soviet [[Groza]] and [[MBK pr.186]] and finally the Japanese [[Type 11]]. Of these five, the most dangerous were the PT-810 and Type 11 because with their [[Bofors L/60 Mark 3 (40 mm)]] automatic cannons they are able to inflict a considerable amount of damage on the P-490.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

The propulsion is four diesel engines on four axles with a total power of 10,000 hp that allows for a speed of 65 km/h (35 knots) with a range of 629 miles. The modernisation saw the substitution from the main previous engine type MB511 of 2,500 hp with all new types of engines called MB 518 which provided 3,000 hp for a total power of 12,000 hp, it allowes the boat to reach a speed of 38 knots with a range of 700 miles thanks to the greater quantity of embarked fuel, passed from 22 to 30 tons.

With its remarkable agility it can move the rudder from left to right in 3.5 seconds and once it has reached the maximum speed it can make a U-turn in 20 seconds.

It has a maximum speed of 66 km/h while in reverse it reaches -25 km/h. Compared to other the ships at its battle rating this is one of the slowest ships for reverse speeds, but this does not mean that it is not a good ship. Don't go backwards, go forwards!

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|Bofors L/60 Mark 3 (40 mm)}}

The two Bofors cannons on the P-490 are both fully traversable, and have a good traverse rate of 30 degrees per second. They are able to easily destroy any small vessel that the P-490 may face in battle. If necessary, they can be used against destroyers, if it is not possible to use the P-490 torpedoes, but this is less effective.

The two [[Bofors L/60 Mark 3 (40 mm)]] have a great rate of fire 150 rounds per minute and can easily destroy anything within an 800-meter radius.

One of the cannons is located at the bow of the ship, while the other is located at the stern. This means that it is sometimes not possible to fire both at the same target simultaneously.Engaging broadside eliminates this issue, but of course, makes the P-490 a larger target for the enemy to hit.

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
* '''40 mm HE clips:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''40 mm AP clips:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Universal || 80 || 77 || 66 || 57 || 50 || 45
|-
| 40 mm HE clips || 80 || 77 || 66 || 57 || 50 || 45
|-
| 40 mm AP clips || 80 || 77 || 66 || 57 || 50 || 45
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|W.200/450X5,75 (450 mm)}}

This vessel's four torpedoes are best used against large, slow, cumbersome targets such as destroyers, minesweepers and barges. They will do significant damage if they hit, a weak spot. Unfortunately these are the slowest (81 km/h) at this battle rating compared with the English (84 km/h) and American (85 km/h). The 4 torpedoes are positioned on the 2 sides of the ship and offer only a non-directable frontal launch.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | '''Torpedo Characteristics'''
|-
! Torpedo Mode !! Mass (kg) !! Maximum speed in water (km/h) !! Travel distance (km) !! Depth stroke (m) !! Arming distance (m) !! Explosive type !! Explosive mass (kg)
|-
| {{Annotation|No|'Torpedo Mode' modification uninstalled}} || 930 || 81 || 3.00 || 1 || 50 || TNT || 200
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The '''P-490''' is a light vessel, and like all smaller ships effective in more compact areas of the map, where it is easy to find cover. Using this vessel in open waters, at long range, makes it vulnerable to fire from enemy destroyers, and provides only a little ability to fight back.

If it is necessary to engage a destroyer, flak barge or someother powerful foe, the P-490 is equipped with four torpedoes for just this purpose. They are large enough to do significant damage if they hit, but it is often hard to use them effectively.

The best way to make use of the vessel's torpedoes is to get very close to an enemy ship without them noticing and fire at close range.

Other than torpedoes, the P-490 is equipped with two [[Bofors L/60 Mark 3 (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors L/60 Mark 3]] cannons, these are very effective against small boats. Not surprisingly, they do little damage against larger ships, and are best used at closer range.

The ship prefers to do boardside attacks (side attacks), so the Folgore can use all its almighty armament against the enemy. With a very little effort you can also attempt a confrontation with larger ships, such as destroyers, the 40mm can destroy the armament of the enemy ship or cause fires, which disable critical components reducing the enemy combat efficiency. To ensure the kill it is recommended to use torpedoes.

The two [[Bofors L/60 Mark 3 (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors L/60 Mark 3]] guns are super effective against small ships or any ships that lack armour protection and with a little effort are capable of shooting down even the largest of aircraft.

Although the 40 mm Bofors are quite penalized when engaging an aircraft because they have a relatively slow horizontal swing and along with no anti-aircraft belt..

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Good cannons at close range (2x [[Bofors L/60 Mark 3 (40 mm)]].
* Good survivability
* It's well-defended for a boat of its size.

'''Cons:'''

* Its large size could be disadvantageous in trying to avoid enemy fire.
* Not too much armour, only 8mm in the hull.
* No anti-aircraft armament.
* Loss much speed when turning.
* Easy target for enemy planes, can be killed easily with 12.7mm guns.

== History ==
[[File:Folgore P-490 2.png|thumb|Pattugliatore P-490 ]]
The first sea trials revealed a marked tendency to raise the bow, with a consequent loss of speed due to the excessive strain, so that in order to increase the thrust of the aft area, a special "bottazzo" structure was applied in the shipyard, which resulted in an extension of the living structure towards the stern, bringing the overall length of the unit from 37.2 m to 39.4 m.

Later in 1957, in order to dampen the splashes of water generated during navigation at high speed and in slightly rough seas, at the Arsenal of Taranto shipyard located, the bridge was equipped with a plexiglass windshield and at the bow given a splash guard, to prevent the waves from splashing over and preventing the ship from gaining water. The coeval corvette Sentinel, built in the same yard had recorded similar problems.

In 1959 to 1960 ferro guides were added for twelve mines. Despite numerous changes made during the fifties, the unit did not respond in a complete way to the nautical characteristics expected at the time of design and in June 1962 entered the shipyard at the Military Arsenal of Taranto for a radical reconstruction. The transformation works ended at the end of 1963.

The armament in the new configuration saw the replacement of the [[Bofors L/60 Mark 3 (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors L/60 Mark 3]] cannons, with the [[40 mm/70 Breda-Bofors type 107 (40 mm)|40 mm/70 Breda-Bofors]], the modification of the ferro guides to allow the embarkation of fourteen bottom mines, equipped with disposable trolleys, instead of twelve, while the original torpedo launchers were not embarked. The armament of the unit could not be defined as completely convertible, since the different operational predisposition did not contemplate the momentary disembarkation of weapons and equipment. A factor which was negatively reflected in this phase of use, with the displacement and encumbrance of the bridge. The configuration of the torpedo boat did not contemplate the embarkation of bottom mines, while in the configuration of the torpedo boat and minelayer torpedoes were not embarked.
[[File:Folgore P-490 1.png|thumb|Pattugliatore P-490 ]]
The unit, which returned to service in 1964, was renamed Folgore on September 1, 1965, when the Navy abandoned the custom of indicating torpedo boats with an alphanumeric code and assigned a name to each unit of this type.

The vessel, assigned to COMOS, the motor gunboat section of the III Naval Division, was decommissioned on October 1st, 1976 and the ship was decommissioned on October 15th. The initials P 490 were assigned to the patrol boat Comandante Cigala Fulgosi of the Comandanti class.

Name and armament changes:

* In 1954 was called '''Motocannoniera convertibile 490 (MC.490) (ENG trans. Convertible Motor Gunboat 490)'''
* In 1965 was called '''Pattugliatore 490 (P-490) (ENG trans. Patrol boat 490)'''

== Media ==

<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:Folgore P-490 2.png|
File:Folgore P-490 1.png|
File:Folgore P-490 3.png|
</gallery>

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

* Historical skin for P-490 used in the historical screens can be found here https://live.warthunder.com/post/912776/en/

{{Italy boats}}

Su-11

2021-05-22T22:34:42Z

U1619975: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card
|code=su-11
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Ixwa Strike"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 917 || 892 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.2 || 25.7 || 25.3 || 25.3 || rowspan="2" | 900
|-
! Upgraded
| 958 || 940 || 23.8 || 24.0 || 41.4 || 33.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 558 || 529 || 380 || ~11 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 480 || < 580 || < 660 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | A.Lulka TR-1 || 2
| colspan="3" | 4,752 kg || colspan="2" | 297 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 35m fuel
|-
| 760 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 5,306 kg || 5,805 kg || 6,331 kg || 6,598 kg || 6,650 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 35m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,306 kgf || N/A
| 0.49 || 0.45 || 0.41 || 0.40 || 0.39
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,306 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.49 || 0.45 || 0.41 || 0.40 || 0.39
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 6 mm steel above pilot's head
* 12 mm steel headrest
* 12 mm steel behind pilot
* 15 mm steel behind frontal fuel tank
* 15 mm steel in front of armament
* 90 mm bulletproof glass in front of pilot
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (1 cleaver-shaped one behind pilot, 1 cleaver-shaped one in front of pilot)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|N-37 (37 mm)|NS-23 (23 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 37 mm N-37 cannon, nose-mounted (30 rpg)
* 2 x 23 mm NS-23 cannons, nose-mounted (100 rpg = 200 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|FAB-250M-46 (250 kg)|FAB-500M-46 (500 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 1 x 250 kg FAB-250M-46 bomb (250 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg FAB-250M-46 bombs (500 kg total)
* 1 x 500 kg FAB-500M-46 bomb (500 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==
The Su-11 can easily be one of the best aircraft at its battle rating. Her primary strength is her excellent acceleration, relative to other contemporary jets. She has excellent energy retention (ER) and average to good manoeuvring energy retention (MER).

In general, the best tactic with the Su-11 is to play to her strengths, as with any vehicle; In the Su-11's case, particularly her acceleration and ER can be exploited. Take off from the airfield, and level out quickly. Don't bother gaining initial altitude, jet engines particularly early jet engines, accelerate better at sea level. Turn at least 30 degrees away from the center of the map, and build up speed. It's recommended to build up to about 725 km/h - 805 km/h (450 mph to 500 mph), then place the aircraft into a 20-30 degree zoom climb (steady-state climbing is possible in this aircraft, but like most early jets, zoom climbing is most efficient).

This will take the Su-11 well above 3.5 km, usually closer to 5 km. Dive on unsuspecting enemies, particularly aircraft that don't manoeuvre well, and once they are destroyed, begin a 20-30 degree zoom climb to regain your lost altitude. The energy retention is excellent, and you can typically regain all your lost altitude, if not gain on top of it. Usually enemies on the Su-11 tail can be out-accelerated, which causes most players to lose interest in engaging and break off the chase, even if their aircraft's top speed is higher than the Su-11.

Manoeuvrability is average, but certainly not poor. The Su-11's manoeuvring energy retention is excellent, If forced to dogfight and the opponent vehicle has similar manoeuvrability, simply drain them of their energy with long, sweeping movements.

While the Su-11's armament packs a punch, excellent marksmanship is an absolute necessity. Her cannon's low ammo pool of only 200 23 mm rounds, 30 37 mm rounds which provides a total of 230 rounds. In addition it has a relatively low rate of fire (on both cannons). The rounds are also relatively low velocity (especially the 37 mm round). However, the rounds are extremely powerful, with the 37 mm round able to destroy heavy bombers with a couple of well placed hits, and the 23 mm round able to destroy lighter aircraft with 1-2 hits. The best option is to get as close as possible before opening fire to ensure that the enemy plane gets knocked out.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Decent manoeuvrability
* Good acceleration for an early jet
* Fast aircraft
* Heavy armament

'''Cons:'''

* Engines overheat quickly at 100% power
* Low ammo pool
* Low rate of fire, relatively low velocity (particularly the 37 mm) cannons

== History ==

The Su-9 was an early Soviet jet fighter built using knowledge and parts derived from the German Me 262 jet fighter.

The Su-11 was a project in 1946 to mount Yakovlev versions of the RD-10F engines in the Su-9 jet fighter. After testing the Su-9 in the wind tunnel, it was found that engines mounted in the wings rather than underneath reduced drag and that the wingtips also needed a redesign. As such, the Su-11 received a completely redesigned wing and before completion it was also received the Lyulka TR-1 turbojet engines. The two engines produced 2,865 lbf of thrust each for 5930 lbf of thrust total.

The Su-11 first flew on 28 May 1947, demonstrating a maximum speed of 940 km/h at sea level. Unfortunately, the design had a bad longitudinal stability and even modifications to the wing engine nacelles did not solve the issue. Because of these issues, the Su-11 programme was cancelled and did not enter production.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=ussr&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=jet_fighter&vehicle=su-11 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|1nCwVACmDQw|'''The Shooting Range #247''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:25 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/521170-su-11/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Sukhoi}}
{{USSR jet aircraft}}
{{USSR premium aircraft}}

RN Aquilone

2021-05-16T18:21:41Z

U1619975: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_destroyer_aquilone
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

'''RN Aquilone''' compared to the other ships of its rating is the smallest, with a hull of 91 metres compared to the 140 metres of the British Town class or the 103 metres of the [[IJN Mutsuki|Mutsuki]], but even if it is the smallest ship it defends itself well.

It is protected with 16 mm of steel on the hull. Her low-profile hull makes her very difficult to hit over long distances, but at the same time she is very agile and fast.

Thanks to her intrepid crew of 179 sailors she takes first place as the most manned ship at her battle rating, in second place we find the [[Frunze]] with 168 members and in third place we find the [[Clemson (DD-336)|USS Litchfield (DD-336)]]. These ships mentioned above will also be the most present along with the [[Type 1924 Leopard]] in battle, the advantage is that all three have one thing in common, they all have little protection on the main hull.

The Litchfield and the Leopard are the most vulnerable because right next to the hold they have the principal fuel tank, something that the Frunze does not have.

Unfortunately, Aquilone also has this flaw, which is a problem because during combat the front of the ship is one of the most vulnerable. To remedy this flaw, it is recommended that the ship be angled slightly to the left or right in the direction of enemy fire, so that the enemy rounds do not find a flat surface to penetrate and blow Aquilone to oblivion.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

Aquilone is equipped with 2 powerful turbines that deliver 40,000 horsepower, taking it up to 36 knots (66 km/h). Its draught of only 3 metres makes it very agile even at maximum speed. Its rudder can turn from left to right and vice versa in just 5 seconds.

The advantage of being small and wide increases the stability of the ship even in case of a sudden turn. Aquilone, once it reaches maximum speed, is able to stop completely in 32 seconds and its maximum speed in reverse is -14 knots (-26 km/h).

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)}}

First produced by Ansaldo in 1926, this gun was continually modified during the 1930s by both Ansaldo and Odero-Terni-Orlando (OTO). The 120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 in the double mounts suffered from excessive dispersion which seems to be the result of mounting the barrels too close together. On later destroyers, a single 120 mm/50 (4.7") mount was used to replace the obsolete 120 mm/15 (4.7") star shell howitzers, thus improving the ship's firepower.

In combat this type of weapon is very strong at its battle rating, as the ammunition it can offer are HE, APHE, and HE-TF. The speed of the rounds are 850 m/s and are fired with a frequency of 8.2 seconds. HE and HE-TF have an explosive mass of 2.39 kg and APHE 1.16 kg.

The HEs which Aquilone can use are currently the most explosive of the early destroyers, the [[Frunze]] only has 2.1 kg, the [[Type 1924 Leopard|1924 Leopard]] has 2 kg, the [[IJN Mutsuki]] 1.86 kg, the [[Clemson (DD-336)|'''USS Litchfield (DD-336)''']] 1.23 kg and the [[Town (L45)]] with only 721 g. The great velocity of its rounds almost guarantees an almighty success in long distance fights.

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)}}

Introduced into the Royal Navy in March 1915 as a large calibre MG AA. These guns used 25-round fabric belts, which are used only in single mounts. Britain produced a total of 795 cannons of which 577 were still available in 1939.

The original Mark II design was prone to many defects and the Mark II* was a modified version that improved reliability. Stoppages and jams were still common in these models as the bullets slipped out of their mounts and the fabric belts which carried them often tore. The Mark II*C was another modification that used a 14-shot steel-link belt instead of the fabric belt. These steel-mesh belts were also used on the later 2-pdr. Mark VIIIs. About 50 of these guns were sold to the Italian Navy. They were then manufactured under license by Terni (Italy) until the early 1930s. The Terni version used a 50-round ammunition box.

Aquilone is equipped with no less than three [[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917]] guns, 2 in the center and 1 in the rear of the ship. This positioning guarantees complete aerial coverage within a radius of 1.1 km. Unfortunately, their short range limits the air defense of the ship, but as soon as an air target enters the maximum effective range of these anti-aircraft guns, i.e. 800 metres, the aircraft will be instantly neutralized by the HE-TF rounds which use 31 g of explosive.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|S.I. 250/533,4X7,5 Tipo A (533 mm)|Bollo P.125/1932 mine}}

Aquilone is equipped with 6 torpedoes [[S.I. 250/533,4X7,5 Tipo A (533 mm)|S.I. 250/533,4X7,5 Type A (533 mm)]] and 52 [[Bollo P.125/1932 mine|Bollo P.125/1932 mines]]. The torpedo launchers are arranged in a linear fashion in the central part of the ship and have a range of 180 degrees on both sides of the ship.The torpedoes without the improved torpedo modification have a range of 4 km and travel at 76 km/h, while with the modification installed the torpedoes increase the range to 12 km, however their speed is reduced to 48 km/h.

These torpedoes have a mass of 1,781 kg and inside they contain 250 kg of explosives. After their launch, they need 50 metres to arm themselves and become destructive.

The 52 mines are placed in the rear of the ships carried on rails that start from the middle of the ship and go all the way to the stern. The mines in question have a mass of 221 kg of which 125 kg of explosives alone, once released into the sea these mines will stay stationary to float and will not detonate until a ship goes very close.

== Usage in battles ==

The '''RN Aquilone''' at its battle rating has a good armament composed by 4 [[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926,]] that can cause heavy damage to enemy ships, using HE rounds. These can destroy enemy ships with a single shot, using the APHE rounds they can cause massive amounts of damage and destroy in a few shots the enemy ships such as destroyers, by aiming for their unarmoured or weakly protected areas.

Using the main armament as if they were anti-aircraft you can use the HE-FT according to the distance calculated by the ship's crew these shots explode near the aerial target causing its destruction or serious critical damage. The only sin of the main guns is the recharge time of 8.5 seconds The ship has only 3 anti-aircraft guns ([[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod. 1915 /1917]]) which are very powerful but their range is so low that they are not very good as an anti-aircraft deterrent.

The ship is the smallest reserve among all reserves of the bluewater ships in the game. The ship has a good speed and good maneuverability making the ship able to dodge enemy torpedoes. The ship can also carry mines and torpedoes, the mines are deadly and can cause serious damage to destroyers making them sink very quickly, while the torpedoes can be modified with the torpedo mode, from stock the torpedoes reach 4 km distance and have a speed of 76 km / h while if you use the modification of the torpedo mode torpedoes become much slower 48 km / h, while the distance is increased to 12 km.

Increasing the distance of the torpedoes allows for unexpecting enemy ships to sail into them or if near a capture zone and enemy vessels are in the cap zone, fire them towards the zone and any ships which they hit will be sunk.

The '''RN Aquilone''' must be used as a support ship or for side attacks; its cannons fire slowly but cause serious damage to enemy ships. Instead do not go to the front because the enemies have the ability to destroy the '''RN Aquilone''' easily with a well placed single shot, the ship is also very small so the '''RN Aquilone''' is a difficult target to hit, when sailing towards the enemy ships - however exposing the boardside will make the '''RN Aquilone''' a bigger target to hit.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

*Good Primary Armament ([[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]]).
*Good choice of ammunitions for primary armament (APHE, HE, HE-FT).
*Good Survivability (179 of crew).
*Good Speed (67 km/h).
*Good Maneuverability (circa 45 seconds for a complete circle).
*Good Torpedoes Range 12 km with torpedo mode modification.
*Good Velocity Torpedoes (76 km/h) without Torpedo mode modification.

'''Cons:'''

*Slow turn rate of AA guns with [[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917]].
*Short Range AA guns with [[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917]].
*The ammo rack can explode easily when hit, causing the ship to explode!
*Slow reload for the primary armament it reloads in 8,5 seconds
*Slow Torpedoes, only 48 km/h of speed with torpedo mode modification.
*Very short range torpedoes (4 km) without torpedo mode modification.
*Carrying mines, if the ship is hit in the mine they will do an ammo rack explosion on the ship resulting in the total destruction of the '''RN Aquilone'''.

== History ==

Turbine class

The Turbine class comprised 8 destroyers with wind names ('''Turbine''', '''Borea''', '''Nembo''', '''Aquilone''', '''Euro''', '''Espero''', '''Zeffiro''' and '''Ostro'''). It was one of the first classes of military ships after the First World War. This class succeeded fairly well, they had 2 twin turrets with [[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]] guns with 6 torpedoes of auxiliary armament.

They fought in the war, but suffered 6 losses already in 1940 and the other 2 sank after the armistice of 8 September.

The Turbine Class ships presented characteristics that can be defined as intermediate between the ships of the first post-war period and those of the 1930s. They were launched in the two-year period 1927-28, and compared to their predecessors had a hull lengthened by 3 meters, so as to be able to accommodate a propulsion apparatus of 10% more powerful.

The propulsion apparatus was given by 2 groups of steam turbines on 2 axles, each on a funnel of different sizes (larger the front) with the modest power of 40. The torpedo launchers were 2 triples of 533 mm, there were also depth charges and, similarly to the other ships of the category in service in the Regia Marina, there were up to 50 mines for fast mine actions.

The main armament was based on 2 twin towers of [[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]] cannons.The twin cannons allowed for a much more compact design of the ships than 4 single installations, and certainly also contributed to the aesthetic harmony of the design, more compact and powerful, but the cannons very close together interfered with each other during fire, causing a dispersion of fire that haunted the naval engineers throughout the war.

Turbine class ships:

In the initial construction

* '''[[Turbine|RN Turbine (1927)]]'''
* '''RN Borea (1927)'''
* '''RN Nembo (1927)'''
* '''RN aquilone (1927)'''
* '''RN Euro (1927)'''
* '''RN Espero (1928)'''
* '''RN Zeffiro (1928)'''
* '''RN Ostro (1928)'''

'''RN Aquilone''' History:

The '''RN Aquilone''' (1927) built by the Odero Shipyard, entered into service on December 3, 1927, in 1929 '''RN Aquilone (1927)''' constituted, together with the twins '''[[Turbine|RN Turbine]]''', '''RN Euro''' and '''RN Nembo''', the II Squadron of the 1st Flotilla of the I Division of Torpedoes, framed in the 1st Naval Squadron, based in La Spezia, the ship participated in some cruises in the Meditteranean from 1929 to 1932.

The crew of RN Aquilone was commanded by Lieutenant Commander Enrico Baroni.

In 1931 '''RN Aquilone''', [[Turbine|RN Turbine]], '''RN Ostro''', '''RN Borea''', '''RN Daniele Manin''', '''RN Giovanni Nicotera''' and '''Esploratore Pantera''' formed the 1st Battleship Destroyer assigned to the 2nd Division of the 1st Squadron.

In 1932 the same year the '''RN Aquilone''' accidentally hit with one of its torpedoes (the weapon was defective) the '''RN Zeffiro'''.

In 1934 the '''RN Aquilone''', together with [[Turbine|RN Turbine]], '''RN Euro''' and '''RN Nembo''', constituted the VIII Destroyer Squadron, assigned, together with the IV (composed by the other four units of the Turbine class) and the II Naval Division (heavy cruisers '''RN Fiume''' and '''RN Gorizia''').

In 1936-1937 the destroyer took part in the Spanish Civil War.

On 15 December 1938, the destroyer risked capsizing due to the rough sea and suffered serious damage, including the removal of a cage containing depth charges and several doors of the dynamo and machine rooms, as well as damage to the motorboat, which risked ending up in the sea.

In November 1939 the '''RN Aquilone''' returned to Italy, reaching Fiume, where, with the crew reduced to one third, it was subjected in dry dock to work, which included the repair of damage caused by storms. In April the '''RN Aquilone''' went to Tobruk to do shooting exercises, both by day and by night, with night navigations along the coast. Starting from 20 May 1940 the '''RN Aquilone''' participated in the mine operations of the access routes to Tripoli, Tobruk and Benghazi. Between 6 June and 10 July, the four units of the Squadron, together with the minelayer Barletta, laid 14 minefields in Libyan waters, for a total of 540 mines.

At the entrance of Italy in the Second World War '''RN Aquilone''', [[Turbine|RN Turbine]], '''RN Euro''' and '''RN Nembo''' these ships of the Turbine class, were already old and had a lower speed because with all the service that made the hull was so worn that it showed that the ship could not reach 36 knots but arrived at a maximum speed of 31 knots.

The '''RN Aquilone''' from 11 June fought against several British air raids at Tobruk, the ship used her [[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917]] guns against the enemy planes, the destroyer was not hit.

Although never hit directly, the destroyer had numerous holes in her hull, caused by shrapnel and bombs falling nearby.

On 14 June 1940 '''RN Aquilone''' bombarded with its own guns, together with '''RN Nembo''' and [[Turbine|RN Turbine]], the British positions at Sollum.

On June 26 the destroyer participated in a second naval bombardment of Sollum. These attacks served to weaken the British defenses in order to make an Italian incursion possible.

On 28 June 1940 the crew of the '''RN Aquilone''' witnessed the shooting down of Italo Balbo's plane over the skies of Tobruk.
[[File:War Thunder Screenshot 2021.05.14 - 22.55.57.57.png|thumb|'''RN Aquilone''' with its sister '''[[Turbine|RN Turbine]]''']]
In Tobruk during the torpedo attacks of 5 and 19 July 1940, the ships '''RN Zeffiro''', '''RN Nembo''' and '''RN Ostro''', the steamers Manzoni and Sereno were sunk, while the RN Euro and the steamers Liguria and Serenitas were seriously damaged, the '''RN Aquilone''' remained unharmed, and at the end of August the '''RN Aquilone''' was transferred to Benghazi, since Tobruk was by now considered too exposed to air attacks.

On 17 September at 20.15 '''RN Aquilone''' and [[Turbine|RN Turbine]] sailed to Tripoli, again with the intent to decentralize part of the ships concentrated in a port, that of Benghazi, also too exposed to air attacks.

Shortly after having passed the entrance of the port, at 20.45, when the two units had already passed the area indicated by the buoy of more than one mile, the '''RN Aquilone''', which was proceeding behind the Turbine, was shaken in rapid succession by two explosions, one in the middle of the ship and one at the stern, finding itself with the bridge at perpendicular on the surface of the sea. The rudder was jammed, preventing it from maneuvering, and some men were thrown into the sea by the detonations, which made two rafts unusable.

The ship had been hit by the explosion of two magnetic mines, but at the time many thought it was an attack by aircraft, so much so that the anti-aircraft on land opened fire, while the Turbine while it was accelerating zigzagged.

The Turbine, after having reduced again the speed, tried to call the '''RN Aquilone''' that resulted in useless as action was made to continue for Tripoli, while from Benghazi came out the units destined to the rescues. On the '''RN Aquilone''', irreparably damaged, it was initially ordered to move to the coast, then, again by order of Commander Agostini, the machines were stopped and the aft ammunition depots were flooded, then the boats were put to sea, one of which (a boat), after being lowered, capsized because of the rough sea. As a result of the explosion the starboard depth charges fell into the water, but thanks to the shallow depth (13-15 meters) they did not detonate. The abandonment of the ship, surrounded by fuel oil leaking from the tanks, took place in an orderly manner, thus limiting losses.

After having heartened the crew, Captain Agostini remained on board, on the parts that were still emerging, until he was dragged into the sea by a wave. Bumping against the bottom, the '''RN Aquilone''' returned to buoyancy and then laid down on the seabed.

Despite the rapidity of the sinking and the rough sea, the human losses were rather limited, consisting of 4 dead, 9 missing and 20 injured (the latter caused mainly by the impact against the ship's structures immediately after the explosions).

The search - directed, starting from about 23. 30, by Commander Agostini, decorated on that occasion with the MAVM (Silver Medal for Military Valor), recovered from a lifeboat of the old torpedo boat Abba after two and a half hours spent adrift - lasted until 2 a.m. on the 18th and led to the rescue of the remaining crew (some shipwrecked, in water or on rafts, were found after six hours from the sinking), then brought on board the hospital ship California and in the Colonial Hospital of Benghazi after what happened to the '''RN Aquilone''' the port of Benghazi was temporarily blocked: It was forbidden the entry and exit of any ship until the arrival, from Italy, of a magnetic minesweeper that took care of the demining.

Two survivors of the crew of the '''RN Aquilone''', G. Giannoni and P. L. Fazzi later donated the crowning light, a short section of the anchor chain and the bow star of the '''RN Aquilone''' to the Museum of the Italian Military Memorial of El Alamein.

== Media ==

<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:Aquilone front.png
File:Aquilone rear.png
File:Aquilone shooting down aircraft.png
</gallery>

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy destroyers}}
{{Italy premium ships}}

Re.2001 CB

2021-05-16T18:10:50Z

U1619975: /* Air RB */

{{About
| about = Italian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| and
| usage = other versions
| link-1 = Re.2001 serie 1
| link-2 = Re.2001 CN
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=re_2001_cb
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

The Re.2001 CB is a modification of the [[Re.2001 serie 1]] into a fighter-bomber. The changes consist of bomb racks and bulletproof glass, which introduce minor performance penalties but make the aircraft much more useful against ground vehicles. The CB is a good choice for mixed battles, where its 250 kg and 100 kg bombs can do considerable damage against low rank vehicles.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The Re.2001 CB's performance is generally similar to the Re.2001 serie 1. The top speed and climb rate are slightly worse owing to the weight of the new features. But the general characteristics of the serie 1 still apply. It is a fairly well rounded aircraft with good turning capabilities and average to below-average speed. The climb rate, roll rate, and energy retention are all decent.

Despite using the same RC.41 engine as the [[C.202]], the Re.2001 suffers from more severe overheating. Even opening the radiators fully is not enough to stop the engine from cooking itself when running WEP continuously. Use WEP sparingly and consider using Manual Engine Controls to help keep the engine cool outside of combat.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,450 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 508 || 494 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.8 || 19.4 || 12.4 || 12.4 || rowspan="2" | 155
|-
! Upgraded
| 551 || 530 || 17.2 || 18.0 || 20.0 || 15.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 455 || 420 || 250 || ~12 || ~9
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 350 || < 350 || < 420 || > 312
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,500 m || 1,080 hp || 1,214 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


*8 mm Steel - Pilot's seat
*8 mm Steel - Armoured plate behind the pilot
*50 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen
*Critical components located at the front of aircraft (pilot, engine, controls)
*More fuel tanks located in wings near the fuselage
*Fuel tank in the fuselage behind the pilot

The Re.2001 CB now has fairly thick bulletproof glass to protect the pilot from the front, something the serie 1 sorely lacked. Pilot snipes in head-ons are less of an issue, but still keep in mind that its water-cooled inline engine cannot take much punishment. The distribution of the fuel tanks also makes it easy to set the Re.2001 on fire, which is usually fatal.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)|Breda-SAFAT (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, wing-mounted (600 rpg = 1,200 total)

The Re.2001 has typical armament for an early Italian fighter. The twin 12.7 mm heavy machine guns are underwhelming, generally considered the second worst heavy machine guns in the game. They have very poor ballistics and a mediocre rate of fire, being incapable of dealing serious damage outside of 300-400 meters. Their one redeeming quality is the availability of AP-I rounds. For best results, use the Air Targets belt, engage targets at close range, and lead generously.

The 7.7 mm machine guns are nothing special and are unlikely to take any target down by themselves. It is best to equip them with Stealth belts and focus on the heavy machine guns instead. The ballistics are similar between the two guns and they provide some supplemental damage.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|GP 50 (50 kg)|GP 100T (100 kg)|GP 250 (250 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 1 x 250 kg GP 250 bomb (250 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg GP 250 bomb + 2 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (350 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg GP 250 bomb + 2 x 100 kg GP 100T bombs (450 kg total)

The Re.2001 CB was designed to carry bombs and it does a good job in this regard. It actually carries a heavier maximum bomb load than the contemporary [[F.C.20 Bis]] twin-engined attacker. The 250 kg bomb has good explosive effects and is sufficient for destroying at least a single tank in combined battles, perhaps more if they are lightly armoured and closely bunched together. The 100 kg bombs require some more precision but are still large enough to be useful, especially against soft targets. The 50 kg bombs should be avoided as they will require almost a direct hit to destroy armoured vehicles.

== Usage in battles ==


The Re.2001 CB can be used in air battles as a fighter since it does not differ greatly from the original Re.2001. In this role, it should be primarily used against other fighters as opposed to hunting bombers or heavy twin-engined fighters because of its lacklustre guns. It is best to drag opponents into extended engagements since it is unlikely that the Re.2001 will be able to destroy a target in one pass.

At the start of a match, try to climb and gain some altitude. If using MEC, open the radiators fully and keep an eye on the engine temperatures. If things get too hot, dial back the throttle and let the engine cool off. Scan around for enemies. The best targets are those that are fragile, less manoeuvrable than the Re.2001, and at a lower energy state. If you have a significant altitude advantage over your target, dive in, make a pass, then loop around. Repeat until your target has lost significant energy, then try to jump on their tail and hose them down with the machine guns. If you can force them to constantly manoeuvre and corral them into a turnfight, the results will usually be in your favour. A faster opponent that chooses to run instead can be difficult to dispatch. In that case, let them go and start climbing to reset the engagement.

The Re.2001 CB will fare better in head-ons compared to the original Re.2001, but committing to head-ons is still risky. Enemies with high-velocity machine guns or cannons are likely to damage you first, so only go all-in if your target has poor armament and using a fragile plane. Otherwise, fire off a burst, break off early, and observe what your target does after the merge. If they commit to a turnfight, again try to latch onto their tail. If they continue their course and are fast enough to escape, let them go and try to conserve your own energy.

Be wary of engaging targets that are as or more manoeuvrable than the Re.2001 in turning engagements. Try to obtain an altitude advantage before engaging and stick to boom-and-zoom or energy fighting tactics instead of flat turning. A Spitfire can put up a very tough fight if it has the same energy level as the Re.2001, but as with any plane, it becomes less threatening with less altitude and speed. Other targets that should be attacked with caution include planes with decent defensive armament like the [[IL-2 M-82]]. There is a very real chance that the IL-2's rear gunner can ignite or pilot-snipe the Re.2001 more quickly than it can whittle down the "flying tank" in turn. Large bombers with multiple engines and gunners are similarly hazardous. If you must engage these, try to set their engines on fire and break off.

It is generally best to leave ground attack duties to actual attackers like the [[Ju 87 D-3 (Italy)|Stuka]] since the Re.2001 CB does not have an airspawn, but if one insists on lugging bombs for destroying vehicles or finishing off a base, fly carefully and try to avoid attention. The performance of this aircraft suffers while it is carrying bombs and the engine overheating problems pose a major issue on extended trips to and from the front lines. Be careful of AAA emplacements and vehicles, even a few hits can cause oil or water leaks that necessitate a return to base.

===Ground RB===

The Re.2001 CB is the most useful in Ground RB, where its good bombload can finally be put to good use against player-controlled vehicles. Take the heaviest loadout, and upon spawning in, look around for choke points or sniping positions where stationary enemies are likely to be located. Once you have identified your target(s), enter a fairly steep dive and release the bombs shortly before you pull up. This approach is recommended since the Re.2001 CB's bombs do not have a generous blast radius; dropping bombs in shallow dives tends to be less accurate. After the bombs have been expended, examine if there are any enemy aircraft around. The Re.2001 has sufficient performance to deal with most other contemporary fighters and its overheating problems are not as egregious in the short duration of Ground RB battles. Just be careful of engaging aircraft with defensive armament. If the skies are clear, either return to base for another set of bombs or strafe targets to mark them for your team. Note that the Breda-SAFAT heavy machine guns have poor ballistics and poor penetration that drops off shockingly quickly, so the only ground targets that can be reliably harmed by the Re.2001's guns are those that lack roofs. Be careful when SPAA vehicles are active since the Re.2001 is poorly protected.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Nose-mounted 12.7 mm offensive guns
* Decent climb rate
* Has secondary loadouts, good for mixed battles
* Decent armour protection
* Good turn rate especially with flaps

'''Cons:'''

* Subpar firepower
* Outclassed by many of its opponents
* Bad control stiffening at high speed (500+ km/h)
* Engine overheats quickly

== History ==


The [[Re.2000 serie 1|Re.2000]] "Falco I" was the Reggiane company's first successful fighter design. Taking some design notes from the Seversky P-35, the Re.2000 was a very capable design compared to other early Italian fighters like the Macchi [[C.200 serie 3|C.200]]. It did have several issues: the wing mounted fuel tanks were not self sealing and the engine was unreliable. In light of this, the Regia Aeronautica declined to order the Re.2000 for mass production and it was largely produced for export.

The Re.2000's basic design was good and its issues were solvable. After the Re.2000 first flew, the Italian government proposed that Reggiane look into equipping the Re.2000 with a R.A.1000 RC.41 inline engine, which was a license-produced version of the famous German DB601 that powered early [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109s]]. The RC.41 was more compact and mechanically reliable than the Re.2000's Piaggio radial engine. The Re.2000 design was modified to accept the engine and trim off some weight, and the resulting prototype '''Re.2001''' "Falco II" first flew in June 1940. Further development work resulted in the addition of a 7.7 Breda-SAFAT machine gun in each wing, an electric engine starter, and other minor changes. Series production of the Re.2001 began in mid 1941, but delays in obtaining the engines resulted in the orders being cut from 200 aircraft to 110.

As with other Italian fighters, a large number of Re.2001 variants were explored. The [[Re.2001 CB]] was a fighter-bomber variant equipped with bomb racks, produced after late 1941. It was capable of mounting 100 kg and 250 kg bombs.
Limited numbers of Re.2001 CBs were delivered to the 22° Gruppo, who later deployed to Malta to join in bombing raids against British forces. However, the Re.2001 was primarily used for bomber escort and other air combat roles and there is little information about the fighter-bomber exploits of the CB model.

Though the Re.2001 proved to be a capable fighter against RAF Spitfires and Hurricanes, attrition dwindled the numbers of Re.2001s in Italian service over time. It was never produced in large numbers due to the difficulty of its construction and the limited availability of engines, which were prioritized for the C.202 instead. Only 71 Re.2001s were operational by the summer of 1943 and the Allied invasion of Sicily cut their numbers further. The Italian armistice in September 1943 saw a portion of the 33 surviving Re.2001s transferred to the new Co-Belligerent Air Force, where they fought alongside the Allies against the Italian Social Republic and Nazi Germany until the end of the war. Combat aside, they were also used on a few occasions to carry money in underslung containers.

The few Re.2001s that survived World War II were largely scrapped in the postwar era since they were long obsolete compared to the fine "Series 5" fighters like the Macchi C.205 and Fiat G.55 that lingered in Italian service. A few were retained for communications tasks and meteorological testing. None are known to survive today.

A contemporary of the C.202 with the same engine and armament, the Re.2001 is not as famous in the present day as the Folgore. Much of this is due to its smaller production numbers and limited role in World War II. Only 237 Re.2001s were produced compared to over 1000 C.202s and they were all deployed close to Italy. Its combat records show that it was still a formidable aircraft and a close match to the early Spitfires, especially in the hands of skilled pilots. Despite being a clean-sheet design, the Re.2005 "Saggitaro" can be seen as the successor to the Re.2001 with similar aerodynamic features. Though the Saggitaro was even harder to produce than the Re.2001, it had fantastic performance and could compete with the finest wartime Allied aircraft on equal terms.

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|uCO0chq-xcw|'''The Shooting Range #186''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:10 discusses the Re.2001.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/436314-re-2001-cb/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Reggiane}}
{{Italy fighters}}

Re.2000 G.A.

2021-05-16T18:10:17Z

U1619975: /* Usage in battles */

{{About
| about = Italian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other Re.2000
| link = Re.2000 serie 1
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=re_2000_ga
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]].

The Re.2000 G.A. is a modification of the [[Re.2000 serie 1]]. The external appearance has not changed much, but it has an extra fuel tank in the fuselage, armor for the pilot, and provisions for bomb racks. The G.A.'s performance is largely the same as the serie 1 and it can be used as a fighter or fighter-bomber as needed.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The Re.2000 G.A. has a similar empty weight to the Re.2000 serie 1. The much larger fuel capacity (by about two times) increases the maximum takeoff weight and the climb performance does suffer if full fuel is taken, but at lower fuel loads the differences are minor. The top speed is lower by a few km/h at all altitudes.

As with the serie 1, the Re.2000 is a fairly balanced jack-of-all trades fighter for its battle rating. The climb rate, acceleration, and agility are all good. The top speed is decent and it should be able to outrun all biplanes and some early monoplanes. The turn rate is enough to tangle with most other monoplanes other than Japanese aircraft. It picks up speed quite well in a dive but the controls tend to lock up at over 500 km/h IAS, so attention should be paid to the throttle during extended dives.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 506 || 490 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.8 || 18.3 || 9.7 || 9.7 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 546 || 525 || 16.3 || 17.0 || 17.0 || 12.9
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 457 || 428 || 280 || ~11 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 350 || < 350 || < 380 || > 200
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

* 8 mm Steel - Pilot's seat
* 8 mm Steel - Armoured pilot's headrest
* Self sealing fuel tanks located underneath and behind the pilot

The Re.2000 G.A.'s armor protection is a welcome improvement over the unarmored serie 1. The pilot protection should be sufficient to avoid pilot-snipes from behind, but keep in mind that there is still no bulletproof glass in the cockpit canopy. In head-ons, the pilot is only protected by the large radial engine, and even that does not stop a lucky bullet from hitting the pilot's head.

The fuel tank in the rear fuselage behind the pilot can be ignited by bullets from the rear and if this happens the results are usually fatal. Do not let an enemy constantly pepper the Re.2000 G.A. from the rear, even if they only have rifle-calibre machine guns.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:
* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)

The Re.2000 G.A. has typical armament for an early Italian fighter. The twin 12.7 mm heavy machine guns are underwhelming, generally considered the second worst heavy machine guns in the game. They have very poor ballistics and a mediocre rate of fire, being incapable of dealing serious damage outside of 300-400 meters. Their one redeeming quality is the availability of AP-I rounds for igniting unarmored opponents. For best results, use the Air Targets belt, engage targets at close range, and lead generously.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|GP 50 (50 kg)|GP 100 (100 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:
* Without load
* 2 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (100 kg total)
* 2 x 100 kg GP 100 bombs (200 kg total)

These bombs are a main selling point of the Re.2000 G.A. The twin 50 kg bombs are very small and limited in power; they require accurate placement to even damage unarmored targets and armored targets practically need direct hits. The 100 kg bombs are significantly more usable and their combined blast radius is enough to not require pinpoint accuracy against armored targets.

== Usage in battles ==


The Re.2000 G.A. can be used in the same way as the Re.2000 serie 1 in the air superiority role. The bomb load is not large enough to be worthwhile against ground targets or base bombing, especially since the Re.2000 G.A. does not have an airspawn, so using it as an attacker or bomber is not recommended.

Try to gain as much altitude as possible at the start of the match. The Re.2000s have good climb rates for their rank and can fulfil an energy fighting role if an altitude advantage is attained. A goal of around 3000 meters of altitude should be reasonable. Keep an eye on the engine temperatures during the climb and throttle back as required. Once enemy fighters are spotted, look for a target below the Re.2000 (but not more than a kilometer or two below) and wait for a good opportunity to dive on them. The Re.2000's guns are rather poor and the first pass should not be expected to secure the kill against all but the most fragile targets, so after firing off a burst, zoom climb back up and prepare to dive again. Repeat this process until the target has been worn down in energy, at which point the Re.2000 can switch into maneuvering combat as needed to finish the job. This is a reliable tactic for most Italian aircraft and the Re.2000 offers a good chance to practice it.

Keep an eye on the indicated airspeed during dives and start throttling back before the compression becomes a major issue. The actual wing rip speed of 740 km/h IAS is solid for the Re.2000's rank and unlikely to be reached in normal combat.

Going after well-protected enemy bombers and attackers should not be a first choice since the Breda-SAFAT machine guns struggle against anything with decent constructional strength and armor. Defensive gunners can also do a number on the Re.2000 G.A. since it still lacks bulletproof glass for the pilot. For this reason, avoid committing to head-ons; dodge early and try to get on your opponent's tail.

'''Ground RB:'''

The Re.2000 G.A.'s bomb armament is significantly more useful in combined battles. At the battle rating of 2.0, a pair of 100 kg bombs is capable of destroying most vehicles and the Re.2000 can compete in low altitude dogfights. Against tightly clustered and poorly protected targets, even multi-kills are possible. But do not expect tremendous explosive power; those who want a large bomb delivery should consider the [[Ju 87 D-3 (Italy)|Italian Stuka]] instead.

Gain some altitude after spawning in and start looking for enemy tanks. The best targets are those that are distracted and not moving, which is important since the bombs do not have a generous blast radius. Enter a fairly steep dive, dial back the throttle, and drop the bombs just before pulling up. Deep dives are not recommended to maintain maximum controllability.

After the bombs have been expended, extend away, loop around, and start climbing again. It is best to switch to hunting aircraft as the Breda-SAFAT machine guns have terrible ballistics and penetration against ground targets. Only open topped vehicles can be realistically damaged by them, so if none of them are around, the bullets are much better spent on enemy fighters. Stick to energy fighting if possible but also take advantage of the Re.2000's manueverability, which tends to be more important at low altitudes, if not fighting biplanes. Be wary of attacking enemy SPAA since the disappointing frontal protection is again a major liability against heavy machine guns or cannons.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''
* Decent speed
* Good climb rate
* Agile
* Can carry bombs
* Decent pilot protection from behind

'''Cons:'''
* Underwhelming firepower
* Poor high-speed performance
* Poor pilot protection from the front
* Flies somewhat worse than the Re.2000 serie 1

== History ==


The [[Re.2000 serie 1|Re.2000]] "Falco I" was the Reggiane company's first successful fighter design. Taking some design notes from the Seversky P-35, the Re.2000 was a very capable design compared to other early Italian fighters like the Macchi [[C.200 serie 3|C.200]]. It was an all-metal aircraft like the C.200 but boasted unique elliptical wings and sleeker aerodynamics. Overall performance was better than the earlier Italian monoplanes and it could even compete with the German Bf 109 E. The Re.2000 did have several issues as a prototype: the wing mounted fuel tanks were not self sealing and the engine was unreliable. It also flew and become operational about two years later than the C.200 and [[G.50 serie 2|G.50]]. In light of this, the Regia Aeronautica declined to order the Re.2000 for mass production and it was largely produced for export to countries like Hungary and [[J20|Sweden]]. The Re.2000 did provide a basis for more successful aircraft, its immediate successor being the [[Re.2001 serie 1|Re.2001]] with an inline engine. A special catapult-launched variant, the "Re.2000 Cat.", holds the distinction of being the perhaps only navalized fighter used in combat by the Italian Navy in World War II.

The Re.2000 G.A. was a subvariant of the third production series of the Re.2000, of which 12 were manufactured. This series featured a new 170 litre fuel tank installed in the rear fuselage, racks for bombs or fuel tanks under the fuselage, and minor modifications to the canopy and radio equipment.

The Re.2000's service in Italian hands was limited. Only a small number were procured by the Italian Air Force and the aircraft often experienced issues with maintenance and reliability. It did feature a long range, which was put to use in 1941 when a special long-range escort and reconnaissance unit, the "Sezione Sperimentale Reggiane", was formed. It operated out of Italy but conducted missions into North Africa. The unit was credited with only destroying one Blenheim bomber and switched to other aircraft later that year.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=italy&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=re_2000_ga Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|W72aq0lGW20|'''(Arcade): {{PAGENAME}} - Fueled for a Fight''' - ''tx141TX''|5Ffcj34B3d8|'''Realistic: {{PAGENAME}} [Spaghetti Pop Guns!]''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==


;Related development
* [[Re.2000 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/414725-re-2000-ga/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[wikipedia:Reggiane_Re.2000|[Wikipedia] Reggiane Re.2000]]

{{AirManufacturer Reggiane}}
{{Italy fighters}}

SB2C-5 (France)

2021-05-16T16:31:55Z

U1619975: /* Usage in battles */

{{About
|about = naval bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage = other uses
|link = SB2 (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=sb2c_5_france
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_SB2C-5France.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French dive bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.73 "Vive la France"]].

The SB2C-5 Helldiver dive-bomber was designed as a replacement for the [[SBD-3|SBD Dauntless]] in US Navy service. US pilots may be familiar with the [[SB2C-1c]] and [[SB2C-4]] and this plane is virtually identical besides its inability to carry the 1000 lb Type A magnetic mine. While the Helldiver works well as a dive-bomber or attacker, its good armament and bomber spawn also allow it to hunt other aircraft. The good turning ability can be a lethal surprise during dogfights.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The SB2C-5 is large and bulky, as with many other US Navy aircraft. Its speed, climb, and acceleration are poor by fighter standards, not exceptional by attacker standards, and acceptable by bomber standards. Roll rate and general energy retention are substandard as well. But like the [[IL-2 (Family)|Soviet IL-2]], it has a good turn rate in the horizontal, which can turn the tables on enemies who underestimate the SB2C. The rudder tends to lose effectiveness at higher speeds, so take advantage of the airbrakes during extended dives to maintain control.

The SB2C-5 has the same R-2600-8 engine as the SB2C-1c but the engine performance appears to be modeled identically to the SB2C-4's R-2600-20 engine.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,998 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 441 || 423 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.0 || 24.8 || 3.7 || 3.6 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 482 || 459 || 22.1 || 23.0 || 9.0 || 6.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 503 || 481 || 250 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 257 || < 350 || < 380 || > 326
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Compressor
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
! Setting 1
| 975 m || 1,750 hp || 1,878 hp
|-
! Setting 2
| 4,572 m || 1,450 hp || N/A
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass in front of pilot.
* 11.11 mm Steel plate behind pilot.
* 8.5 mm Steel plate underneath the engine.
* 6.35 mm Steel plate on top of fuselage in front of cockpit.
* 6.35 mm Steel plate on dorsal turret gun.
* Self-sealing fuel tanks located behind the pilot and in the wing roots

The SB2C-5 is a fairly rugged plane. In head-ons, the pilot is protected from instant knockouts by the bulletproof glass and the radial engine can soak up some incoming fire. The firewall behind the pilot also helps to avoid pilot knockouts from the rear, though the gunner has very limited protection and the fuselage fuel tank might be ignited by cannons or heavy machine guns. It also presents a very large target, so don't allow enemies to sit on your tail.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|AN/M2 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm AN/M2 cannons, wing-mounted (200 rpg = 400 total)

The two cannons are arranged with one in each wing. Each are armed with the same amount of ammunition, which means that all guns will fire with each other until empty.

The AN/M2 cannons are very powerful. They have a decent rate of fire and good muzzle velocity along with strong kinetic effects for the AP-T rounds and good explosive filler for the HEF-I rounds. Use either Default, Air Targets, or Universal: Default consists of 2/3rds HEF-I and 1/3rd AP-T, which works just fine, and Air Targets consists of 3/4ths HEF-I and 1/4th AP-I for those who want maximum explosive damage. For ground attack, the Universal belt has 50/50 AP-T and HEF-I content and is the best option. Ground Targets and Stealth have practice rounds that deal little damage, so these should be avoided. Note that the HEF-I rounds don't have tracers, so those who are not accustomed to leading the cannons should consider Universal.

Gun convergence should be considered since the cannons are mounted far apart on the wings. 400-500 meters should work well.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M57 (250 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)|HVAR|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}
{{main|Mk.13 (569 mm)|Mk.13/44 (569 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 2 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (500 lb total)
* 1 x 569 mm Mk.13 torpedo
* 1 x 569 mm Mk.13/44 torpedo
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 4 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 1 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bomb (1,000 lb total)
* 1 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bomb + 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 8 x HVAR rockets
* 4 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (gunpods) (340 rpg = 1,360 total)

The SB2C-5 has a good array of ordnance. It can carry up to 2000 lb of bombs, which is not exceptional for its rank but not bad either. The HVAR rockets are somewhat underwhelming in terms of explosive power and ballistics and typically need direct hits to destroy ground targets. They also cannot be taken in conjunction with other ordnance, so it is best to avoid them. The twin M2 Browning gun pods are a significant boost the SB2C-5's firepower and are a good choice for bomber hunting or head-on engagements at the cost of dogfight performance and bomb carrying capacity. The torpedos should be disregarded. They are useful against ships and only ships, but there are currently no French naval units to pair the Helldiver with.

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 7.62 mm Browning machine guns, dorsal turret (2,000 rpg = 4,000 total)

The twin 7.62 mm machine guns are not very effectively at warding off enemies at the Helldiver's rank. They can only pilot-snipe aircraft with no bulletproof glass and are not very effective at setting fires or damaging modules. Causing an oil or fuel leak is a lucky occurence and do not rely on the gunner to protect the plane.

== Usage in battles ==


The SB2C-5 enjoys a bomber spawn in RB, but using it as a pure bomber is not very productive since its bombload isn't very impressive; 2000 lbs maximum is not enough to take out a base at its battle rating. As such, the bombs are best used against ground targets and pillboxes. The cannon armament, decent durability, and bomber spawn also make it good at hunting other bombers, who may not expect to be intercepted by another aircraft so quickly.

One method of using the SB2C is to use it initially as a high-altitude bomber hunter and later as a dive bomber and attacker. There is a window of time at the start of the match where enemy fighters will generally not have climbed up to bomber altitudes, and during this time any bombers encountered are typically not escorted. The powerful AN/M2 cannons can destroy enemies from a safe distance and the SB2C can afford to take a hit or two from defensive gunners. When enemies and/or teammates have reached your altitude, start thinking about when to dive down. If you are carrying bombs, they can be used to destroy quickly pillboxes and tanks. The cannon and gun pods can be used against lightly armored targets, and if there is a surplus of ammo, against light pillboxes as well. The SB2C can use its maneuverability and guns to dive down and engage enemies below it, but keep in mind that the energy retention and climb rate prevent it from regaining that altitude easily once expended. Try to stay close to teammates as a knowledgeable enemy fighter will know to exploit the SB2C's poor speed and vertical performance to take it out safely. If any enemy attackers have survived up to this point, the SB2C stands a better chance of cleaning them up. But be wary of head-ons; some attackers like the [[SM.91]] have ludicruous forward armament that exceed the SB2C handidly, and others like the [[IL-2M type 3|IL-2]] have both lethal guns and heavy armor.

=== Ground RB ===

The SB2C-5 can be used to good effect in Ground RB, though it does not have an accompanying tank lineup at the battle rating of 4.0. The best loadout for tank busting is the 1x 1000 lb + 2x 500 lb bomb setup, which should be sufficient for a few sizeable bomb drops. This SB2C lacks the ability to carry the extremely powerful magnetic mine available to its US cousins, which makes it somewhat less entertaining, but the traditional bombload is often more practical. Bomb delivery is easy due to the SB2C's slow speed and easy handling. The airbrakes are helpful for deep dives. Once the bombs are expended, keep an eye out for enemy fighters and attackers. The SB2C can fare surprisingly well in the low-altitude turnfights common in Ground RB, so make good use of the cannons. The cannon's AP-T rounds also do good work against lightly armored vehicles like light tanks and SPAA, and even some medium tanks like the [[Pz.IV H|Panzer IV]]. Note that SPAA is a major threat to the SB2C since it is slow, big, and not heavily armored, so keep an eye on the ground and try not to stall out in full view of a [[Wirbelwind]].

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Multi-role capable aircraft both as a dive bomber and bomber hunter
* Has air brakes to keep aircraft stabilized and from accelerating during a dive
* Good armament, especially with gun pods equipped
* Good turn rate in the horizontal

'''Cons:'''
* Slow, poor climb and acceleration
* Poor manoeuvrability, especially when laden with suspended ordnance
* Bombload is not very good by bomber standards
* Aircraft's vertical stabilizer (tail) causes a blind spot for the dorsal gunner
* Weak defensive armament

== History ==


The Curtiss SB2C Helldiver was a dive-bomber that entered service with the US Navy in 1942, replacing the earlier [[SBD-3|SBD Dauntless]]. A much larger aircraft than the Dauntless, it was powered by the R-2600 Twin Cyclone engine and featured an internal bomb bay. The Helldiver experienced difficulties during development and was initially unpopular with its crews. It had a shorter range than the Dauntless, was difficult to maintain, and had worse handling characteristics, earning it some colorful nicknames like "Big-tailed Beast" or "Son of a ***** 2nd Class". The design was progressively improved and the SB2C served extensively in the Pacific, participating in the sinking of the Japanese battleship Yamato and other storied campaigns. The US Navy continued to use the SB2C after the end of World War II for a few years, but the concept of the dive bomber had become outdated due to the advent of powerful air-to-ground rockets, guided weapons, and other technological advances. Even during the war, the Helldiver's role was often taken over by fighter-bombers like the [[F6F-5|F6F Hellcat]]. The Helldiver was retired in 1947 and a number were sold to other countries.

France purchased 110 SB2C-5 Helldivers beginning in 1949 as a replacement for their own SBD Dauntlesses and used them until 1958. The SB2C-5 model was a minor improvement over the [[SB2C-4]] featuring slightly more fuel and a modified canopy that did not enter service with the US Navy until after the end of World War 2. The Helldivers were based on three French aircraft carriers and saw use in the First Indochina War.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Curtiss}}
{{France bombers}}

LeO 451 late

2021-05-16T16:29:13Z

U1619975: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card
|code=leo_451_late
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,250 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 466 || 451 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.3 || 32.2 || 3.1 || 3.1 || rowspan="2" | 550
|-
! Upgraded
| 517 || 490 || 28.8 || 30.0 || 9.6 || 5.8
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 385 || 366 || 270 || ~7 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 315 || < 310 || < 350 || > 340
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 12 mm behind the pilot
* 12 mm behind the dorsal gunner
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (2 in each wing)

[[File:LeO_bomber_001.jpg|400px|thumb|right|A LeO 451 bomber with a fatal engine fire, which can be extremely difficult to extinguish before disintegrating.]]

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|MAC 1934 (7.5 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine gun, nose-mounted (1,500 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.A. MMN. 50 (50 kg)|No.1 (100 kg)|No.1 (200 kg)|No.2 (500 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 16 x 50 kg G.A. MMN. 50 bombs (800 kg total)
* 7 x 100 kg No.1 bombs (700 kg total)
* 6 x 200 kg No.1 bombs + 1 x 100 kg No.1 bomb (1,300 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg No.2 bombs + 4 x 200 kg No.1 bombs + 1 x 100 kg No.1 bomb (1,900 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Hispano 404 (20 mm)|MAC 1934 (7.5 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 20 mm Hispano 404 cannon (120 rpg) + 2 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine guns (750 rpg = 1,500 total), dorsal turret
* 1 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine gun, ventral turret (500 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==


The Leo 451 can be used as more than just a bomber. Due to the size of the aircraft, it is able to manoeuvre more like a heavy fighter allowing it to fight against other twin-engine aircraft or anything heavier. Unfortunately, the lack of proper offensive armament means that scoring hits will do little other than damage fuel and oil tank in most cases. In any kind of aerial combat, the dorsal gunner is one of the best options for scoring solid hits, especially when flying under other aircraft and firing upwards into them. Flying this close to get a shot comes with risks as flying in front of the enemies guns will also paint a target on your aircraft. For defending from fighters a good tactic is to gain some altitude so that when an enemy appears you can accelerate into a dive. A fast aircraft makes it much harder for fighters to close the distance giving the dorsal gunner and opportunity to do his job. While diving to make an aircraft fast can be a good thing, it is important to not go too fast as the wings are not invincible and will potentially rip off. Turning in this aircraft is relatively effective for a plane its size, though unfortunately, it does not handle like a sports car. Factors such as an empty bomb bay will increase its manoeuvrability to something closer to a heavy fighter.

When it comes to the ground attack role, the bombs are a gimmie, for destroying tanks and pillboxes, though, if lucky enough an entire armoured column may be destroyed. On the other hand, the nose gun can be used to attack lightly armoured ground targets such as trucks or anti-aircraft guns, while the 20 mm dorsal gun can be used to take out armoured cars.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Dorsal gunner has large ammunition pool
* Comes included with an offensive armament
* Very manoeuvrable after the payload has been released
* Accelerates very fast in a dive
* Abilities allow for it to multifunction as a bomber, heavy fighter and attacker
* Powerful dorsal turret

'''Cons:'''

* Dorsal gunners main gun runs out of ammunition before the coaxial 7.5 mm machine gun
* Offensive armament is insufficient for most engagements
* Prone to engine fires
* Aircraft does not excel in any particular role
* Many blind spots for gunners

== History ==

[[File:LeO_bomber_002.jpg|400px|thumb|right|A LeO 451 bomber's final moments after a fatal engine fire.]]
Development of the LeO 451 began in the early 1930s, after the newly formed Armée de l'air issued the so called Plan I, intended to increase the number of modern military aircraft available to the French Air Force. As part of this plan, the young Air Force was keen on expanding and developing their strategic bombing branch. However, as the already available bombers, such as the Farman F.221, were considered unsuitable for the needs of the Air Force, a set of specifications was issued for the development of a brand new bomber. Among other aircraft manufacturers, Lioré et Olivier (which would be nationalized as part of SNCASE) also submitted their LeO 45 design. Being a long-time supplier to the French Air Force, Lioré et Olivier had a reputation of building reliable and effective bombers dating back to WW1. Thanks to this, the further development of the LeO 45 was approved. The first prototype (LeO 45-01), powered by a pair of Hispano-Suiza engines, took flight on 16 January 1937. Despite showing some minor issues, the LeO 45 prototype displayed excellent performance. A second prototype, equipped with a pair of Gnome-Rhone engines was also constructed and subsequently designated LeO 451-01. Testing of the 451 prototype began in October 1938.

However, due to various production issues associated with the Gnome-Rhone engine, production of the LeO 451 was delayed, beginning only in late 1938. Although the Armée de l'air only fielded a handful of operational LeO 451 bombers at the outbreak of WW2, their number would rise up prior to the Invasion of France in May 1940. During this chapter of WW2, the LeO 451 saw wide use against both advancing German forces on the east and Italian forces on the south. While the aircraft suffered great losses at the hands of Luftwaffe's superior fighters and the Wehrmacht's relentless anti-air guns, it fared a lot better on the southern front against Italian forces. Nonetheless, the LeO 451 did eventually retire in September 1957 as the final pre-war French aircraft to leave active duty.

''- From [[wt:en/news/5128-development-leo-451-early-catch-me-if-you-can-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

* [[LeO 451 early]] - Early variant of the LeO 451

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/414731-leo-451-late/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer LeO}}
{{France bombers}}

Q-5A

2021-05-16T15:47:10Z

U1619975: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card
|code=q_5a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|Q-5A WebsiteImage 1.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

The Q-5A is externally very similar to the [[Q-5 early]] aside from the pure white paint scheme. This variant has several new features: it now has access to flares and a radar warning receiver and can use 130 mm rockets with impressive explosive power for ground attack. The flight performance has also been improved noticeably courtesy of the more powerful engines. The Q-5A's battle rating is the same as the [[J-6A]] and its air-to-air armament and high-speed handling are disappointing compared to its peers. This is not an aircraft for the faint of heart, but Fantan fans may be able to use the new features creatively.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The Q-5A weighs negligibly more when empty than the Q-5 early, which is more than compensated by the fact that its engines produce about 15% more thrust. Its top speed is now practically the same as or in some cases slightly better than the J-6A under 10,000 meters. The internal bomb bay has been replaced with a fuel tank and the maximum fuel capacity is now 70% larger.

It still compresses more in dives and has somewhat worse low speed handling than the J-6A, but at reasonable fuel settings the Q-5A comes very close to the J-6A in terms of climb, acceleration, and energy retention. The control compression can be considered its primary weakness: watch the indicated airspeed carefully and remember to throttle back or use airbrakes as needed to ensure that the Q-5A remains controllable. The turn rate and manoeuvring energy retention are quite balanced at subsonic speeds, which can be used to gain the upper hand in extended dogfights.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,434 || 1,430 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.4 || 25.7 || 139.4 || 129.4 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,450 || 1,442 || 24.5 || 24.9 || 187.0 || 161.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} ||N/A||577||450|| ~9 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 540 || < 650 || < 350 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic Mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Shenyang Liming WP-6 || 2
| colspan="2" | 6,593 kg || colspan="3" | 337 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel
|-
| 725 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 7,424 kg || 8,256 kg || 9,087 kg || 9,420 kg || 12,500 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 2,650 kgf || 3,709 kgf
| 1.00 || 0.90 || 0.82 || 0.79 || 0.59
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 2,677 kgf (1,000 km/h) || 3,786 kgf (1,000 km/h)
| 1.02 || 0.92 || 0.83 || 0.80 || 0.61
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 10 mm steel plate behind nose cone
* 60 mm bulletproof glass in cockpit front
* 8 mm steel plate underneath cockpit
* 25 mm steel armoured pilot's seat
* 10 + 16 mm steel armoured pilot's headrest
* Self-sealing fuel tanks behind cockpit and underneath engines in rear fuselage

The Q-5 protects the pilot from small arms fire, but at a battle rating of 10.0 and up, this level of protection does not amount to much. Enemy cannons and missiles will make short work of the Q-5 so avoiding incoming fire is paramount. The twin engines are likely to be damaged by attacks from the rear, but having two of them offers some extra survivability since it is capable of flying back to base on one engine. The elevators also have separate damage models and the aircraft remains somewhat controllable if one of them is blown off.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 23-2K (23 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 23 mm Type 23-2K cannons, wing-mounted (120 rpg = 240 total)

As on the Q-5 early, the Q-5A is equipped with 23 mm cannons identical to the [[NR-23 (23 mm)|NR-23]] cannons found on earlier Soviet jets like the [[J-4]]/[[MiG-17]]. These are significantly less powerful than the contemporary J-6A's [[Type 30-1 (30 mm)|Type 30]]/[[NR-30 (30 mm)|NR-30]] cannons due to their lower explosive content, rate of fire, kinetic damage, and muzzle velocity. They typically require a solid burst of hits to destroy a target instead of dismembering enemy fighters with a brief touch. On the bright side, they have more ammunition with about 8 seconds of firing time. Lead generously and try to get close to your opponent before unloading. Using them against ground targets should not be a priority since their penetration is no higher than a heavy machine gun and the ammo supply is not plentiful, all things considered.

The default belt has an even mix of FI-T and AP-I rounds and should be satisfactory from the start. Gun convergence is not a major issue since the cannons are mounted close to the centerline of the aircraft in the wing roots, and is up to personal preference.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Type 250-2 (250 kg)|Type 90-1|Type 130-2}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 4 x 250 kg Type 250-2 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 14 x Type 90-1 rockets
* 14 x Type 90-1 rockets + 4 x 250 kg Type 250-2 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 8 x Type 130-2 rockets
* 8 x Type 130-2 rockets + 4 x 250 kg Type 250-2 bombs (1,000 kg total)

The Q-5A has access to all of the loadouts of the Q-5 early, the difference being that it can equip two rocket pods with four 130 mm Type 130-2 rockets each in lieu of the 90 mm Type 90-1 rockets. The 130 mm rockets have the same ballistics as the 90 mm rockets, traveling at 610 m/s, but instead of HEAT warheads they pack HE warheads with 16.56 kg of TNT equivalent each. They can penetrate 70 mm of armour through explosive power alone and come close to the infamous S-13DF rockets (19.15 kg TNT equivalent) used by the [[Mi-28N]] and [[Ka-52]]. They are actually more powerful than the S-21 rockets used by the [[J-2]] or [[J-4]]. A direct hit to the roof or side armour of a MBT will cause catastrophic or even fatal damage. Lightly armoured targets should be annihilated if hit anywhere due to hull break and even near misses can be lethal. But as with the 90 mm rockets, the capacity is very limited, in this case to four salvos.

The Type 90-1 rockets are better than the anaemic S-5 rockets used by typical Soviet jets and can penetrate 280 mm of armour with 1.03 kg of TNT equivalent, but typically several hits are required to destroy an armoured target due to the lower post-penetration effect. The total of seven salvos is significantly greater than the Type 130-2 rockets but still unimpressive for its rank.

The four 250 kg bombs should be familiar to anyone who has used the Q-5 early, but the Q-5A does not have an internal bomb bay and all four are mounted on fuselage hardpoints instead. This causes more drag but the pilot no longer has to worry about manually opening the bomb bay. These are small for the Q-5's battle rating and four of them is not enough to destroy a single base. In mixed battles, they require more precision against ground targets than the typical 1000 lb/500 kg bombs used for CAS.

== Usage in battles ==


The usage of the Q-5A does not differ drastically from the Q-5 early in Air Battles. The better flight performance is a plus, but the higher battle rating means that it does not face easier opposition than the [[J-6A]] and its limited armament becomes a greater liability. Those not in the mood for a challenge may find other Chinese fighters more competitive.

Although it was historically an attack aircraft, the Q-5 is not a first-rate ground attacker in Air RB since its ordnance is rather anaemic compared to other jets at its battle rating. It cannot destroy a base with its four 250 kg bombs, but this is still an option for supplementary research points when grinding: stay at low altitude, loop around to a side base, drop the bombs, then head towards the center of the map to join the furball. Going after AI ground vehicles with the bombs and rockets can also be successful provided that other jets do not arrive quickly to crash the party.

The Q-5A is less likely to fight subsonic aircraft than the Q-5 early, so it must utilize its acceleration and climb more than its raw speed. In fact, fighting at transonic or supersonic speeds should be avoided because of the control compression. Stay at lower altitudes and try to pounce on distracted opponents. At high altitudes, the Q-5A has a more significant speed deficit compared to other aircraft, is more vulnerable to missiles, and will suffer from compression if forced into long dives. The best way to reverse enemies is to pull them into a climbing spiral or other vertical manoeuvres; the Q-5 has enough of the MiG-19's climb and thrust-to-weight to energy fight in a similar manner, the declining airspeed relaxes the control compression, and a stalled-out target is easier to gun down. Note that while bulky aircraft like Phantoms can be outmanoeuvred and out-accelerated fairly easily, aircraft with delta wings like the [[Mirage IIIC]], [[J35D]], and MiG-21s have good instantaneous turn rates and may be able to outturn the Q-5A in the short term. These aircraft also tend to have deadly missiles with wide acquisition cones. Watch where their noses are pointing, be ready to drop flares, and avoid presenting an easy target while they still have significant airspeed. It should be obvious that actual MiG-19 models such as the [[MiG-19S (Germany)|German MiG-19S]] are better than the Q-5A in almost every regard when it comes to air-to-air combat. Be very careful about engaging them.

Take advantage of the flares and RWR. Flares are intended to spoof infrared guided missiles. For best results, deploy them in bursts while cutting the afterburner and making evasive manoeuvres, which will hopefully cause the missile to chase a flare instead. Only 18 flares can be carried in total, which is really not much compared to the [[F-4E]]'s 90, so dropping flares should not be the primary strategy of missile evasion. Definitely use them against very dangerous missiles that cannot be evaded easily, as they will buy time for reversing the target and can save the Q-5A during energy-draining vertical combat. Missiles with limited manoeuvrability or track rates can be dodged with good manoeuvring. Do not waste them on radar-guided missiles, which can be identified either by a radar lock warning from the RWR or from being fired in the front aspect.

The RWR will not stop any missiles by itself, but knowing if there are pursuers or radar locks behind you reduces the chance of being surprised by a missile or cannon burst out of nowhere. Remember that not every enemy aircraft has a radar or will have it turned on and that infrared guided missiles do not require radar guidance at all. The RWR is not a replacement for situational awareness, it is still the pilot's duty to look for approaching enemies and missile launches whenever possible.

'''Ground RB'''

Like the Q-5 early, the Q-5A is a light ground attacker whose rockets are limited in capacity and whose bombs are limited in power. For those who are not confident with their aim, it's best to use up the rockets and bombs in a few passes, then switch to providing air cover. It can out-accelerate and outmanoeuvre most contemporary fighters and the Ground RB environment makes advantages in top speed or radar-guided missiles less significant.

The Q-5A has a choice between 90 mm and 130 mm rockets. The former have almost twice the ammunition and the latter are significantly more lethal, so choosing one or the other largely depends on one's aim. The 130 mm rockets are generally better for attacking MBTs since the lesser damage of the 90 mm rockets tends to negate their capacity advantage. A successful hit with more than 16 kg of TNT equivalent will crack open tanks quite nicely, so treat them more similarly to the heavy S-24 rockets used by Soviet aircraft in terms of aim and pacing. Even without a ballistic computer, four salvos of heavy rockets should be enough to blow at least one target to smithereens.

The 250 kg bombs, which are dropped individually, do not have much explosive content and need to be delivered with decent accuracy in order to score kills. This can be a tall order for a supersonic jet aircraft like the Q-5, especially against moving targets, so consider dropping several (or even all of them) at once. Carpet bombing a capture point or lane can lead to decent results. A relatively short fuse can be used due to the bombs' limited blast radius.

The Q-5A's radar warning receiver can help detect SPAA vehicles, but be sure to visually inspect the battlefield as well. Some players turn off their radars for greater stealth and some SPAAs lack radars entirely. The majority of SAMs are manually guided by their operators and thus flares will not work against them; the main exceptions are the Japanese [[Type 93]] and the Italian [[SIDAM 25 (Mistral)]]. Do not head-on or stall out in full view of an SPAA, and even when the coast appears to be clear, avoid flying in straight lines.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High acceleration, great energy retention, and decent climb rate
* Faster than the Q-5 early
* Good ammunition stock
* Good sustained manoeuvrability, can out-turn F-4 Phantoms and keep up with MiG-21s
* First aircraft in the Chinese tech tree to have flares
* Has a radar warning receiver
* 130 mm rockets pack quite a punch against ground targets

'''Cons:'''

* Gun-fighter only, still no missiles despite high rank placement
* Average roll rate
* Tail locks up at high speeds
* Easily beaten in manoeuvrability by aircraft such as the Mirage, Draken and MiG-19
* The 23 mm cannons sometimes fall short in damage, much less lethal than J-6A's 30 mm cannons
* Ordnance capacity is still below average for its rank

== History ==

The Nanchang Q-5A 'Fantan' was the first variant of the Chinese ground attack aircraft, which has seen over 50 years of continuous service.<ref name=":0">Peck, M. (2019)</ref> Developed in the early 1950s as a replacement for ageing Soviet-made [[IL-10 (1946) (China)|IL-10]] attack aircraft, the plane was developed from the MiG-19 airframe. Though it entered service relatively late due to the effects of the Cultural Revolution, it still saw extensive service as the primary attack aircraft of the Chinese Air Force. As well, it was exported to several countries including Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. Though it has now been retired from active Chinese service, the aircraft remains in service with the Myanmar Air Force.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Eastern Order of Battle. (n.d.)</ref>

=== Design and development ===
In the early 1950s, China lacked and needed a new ground attack aircraft. While other nations were re-equipping with advanced attack aircraft such as the [[A-4B|A-4 Skyhawk]] and [[F-100A (China)|F-100 Super Sabre]], the Chinese Air Force still used the obsolete propeller-powered IL-10, a relic of the Second World War. As a result, the Chinese Air Force started studying concepts for a new supersonic jet-powered attack aircraft. As the state of Chinese aircraft technology was far behind from other nations, and as a result, existing designs were studied; these included the Soviet [[Su-7B|Su-7]] and [[MiG-19PT|MiG-19]], which was already in service as the Shenyang J-6.<ref name=":1" /> As a result, the final design was based on the MiG-19, and shared many of its characteristics.<ref name=":1" />

The Q-5 shared the MiG-19's aft section and engines, but had a completely redesigned forward section making it 25% longer.<ref name=":1" /> As a result, the aircraft had a significantly reduced top speed, though it was still capable of flying supersonic. The nose was redesigned and featured the air intakes on the sides, behind the cockpit, while the cockpit canopy was adjusted as well. The armament was changed to two 23 mm cannons in place of the MiG-19's NR-30s.<ref name=":1" />

The Q-5's construction was delayed due to the effects of the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution. Thus, the first Q-5 prototype flew on June 4th, 1965.<ref name=":1" />

=== Operational history ===
[[File:Q5 parked.png|thumb|300x300px|Nanchang Q-5 in reflective white paint scheme.]]
The first Q-5As entered in the early 1970s in limited quantities, followed by mass-scale production. Over the course of a decade, almost 600 Q-5A airframes were built. As well, a small number of Q-5As were modified to carry a single nuclear bomb semi-recessed in the fuselage; one of the modified aircraft was indeed used in this manner in a nuclear bomb test in January of 1972.<ref name=":2">Staff Writer. (2020)</ref> The Q-5As used in this role are easily identifiable because of the bright-white anti-flash paint scheme that protected the aircraft from nuclear flash.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

The Q-5A saw little combat action due to its relatively short time in service before being superseded by later variants of the aircraft. However, modified Q-5As remained the backbone of China's tactical nuclear strike force for several years. Though it has since been superseded in the nuclear and conventional strike role by the JH-7 Flying Leopard, late variants of the Q-5 remain in service with the Myanmar Air Force.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== Media ==

''Videos''
{{Youtube-gallery|YMhIrdAFQ9g|Are You READY For PAIN? Q-5A - China - War Thunder Review! - Jengar}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/504161-q-5a/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

=== References ===
<references />

=== Works Cited ===

* Peck, M. (2019, October 18). Meet the Nanchang Q-5: China's Nuclear Bomber. Retrieved November 20, 2020, from <nowiki>https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/meet-nanchang-q-5-chinas-nuclear-bomber-89681</nowiki>
* Eastern Order of Battle. (n.d.). Nanchang Q-5 Fantan attack aircraft at the People's Liberation Army Air Force Part One. Retrieved November 20, 2020, from <nowiki>http://www.easternorbat.com/html/nanchang_q-5_fantan_01_eng.html</nowiki>
* Staff Writer. (2020, April 27). Nanchang Q-5 (Fantan) Ground Attack / Close-Air Support (CAS) Aircraft. Retrieved November 20, 2020, from <nowiki>https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=568</nowiki>

{{AirManufacturer Nanchang}}
{{China jet aircraft}}

F-5A (China)

2021-05-16T15:45:33Z

U1619975: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card
|code=f-5a_china
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Ixwa Strike"]].

Designed from the N-156 prototype of Northrop Corporation (now Northrop Grumman), F-5A is the first-comer of the long-lasting family of F-5 series lightweight fighter; which is still widely used by various military powers throughout the planet with ROCAF (currently F-5E/F Tiger II) being the largest operator among them.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

Being a lightweight supersonic jet fighter, the F-5A is a really manoeuvrable aircraft: the aerodynamic design and the structure of this fighter can sustain high-G manoeuvres even around 1,000 km/h at around 11 G of overloading without losing much energy. Try to stay above 800 km/h, if you go below that your speed starts dropping rapidly. You don't really have to care about ripping your wings. At lower speeds, the F-5A stand amongst the best jets in terms of manoeuvrability. The angle of attack in a turn stays really low, as it does not have delta wings and is really light. However, the aircraft does not have a high top speed and the acceleration is subpar compared to same-tier jets due to the limitations on the J85 engines.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 10,668 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,430 || 1,422 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.1 || 28.3 || 112.5 || 99.3 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,461 || 1,444 || 26.9 || 27.0 || 160.0 || 135.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 926 || 559 || 555 || ~11 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 680 || < 750 || < 700 || N/A
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

There is no armour at all on the F-5A. As such, all of the modules, control surfaces, and the pilot are exposed to any projectiles that connect.

The F-5A has two self-sealing fuel tank located in the rear fuselage right besides the engine. While this minimizes fuel strikes to a small portion of the plane, the issue comes in that the fuel tanks are overlapping each other closely. A cannon round or two fired in a volley by an enemy can easily strike both fuel tanks at the same time, leading to both tanks leaking fuels, or worse case both tanks catching on fire which would severely hamper the F-5A's survival chances.

The engines are mounted all the way towards the fuselage rear, contained around the area of the tail. This means the engine are in one of the least likely areas to be hit when attacked by an enemy in a high-deflection attack. This also means that if the enemy aims for the F-5A's rear end via guns or missiles, both the tail control and the engines are liable to be knocked out at the same time, leading to gravity taking over and dooming the aircraft.

Though it is possible to lose a wing and still maintain enough lift to fly back to base, this is a very situational case of the wings tearing off from excessive G-force (also a rare case) and if the enemy shoots it off with their armaments and damaging nothing else. The prevalence of missiles at top-rank jet battles mean this is a very unlikely situation and the F-5A most likely would not survive a direct hit by a cannon round or missile.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Part of the F-5A's forte in the air is its manoeuvrability, as such there should be an emphasis towards unlocking the modifications in the ''Flight Performance'' and ''Survivability'' category to boost engine power, flight speed, and turning rate.

''Weaponry'' can be prioritized depending on the intent of use of the F-5A. IF one requires a more reliable and flexible cannon armament, the ''Offensive 20 mm'' and ''New 20 mm cannons'' should be considered, though the default belt is already sufficient for knocking out both enemy aircraft and ground AI target in Air Realistic battles. If trying to take down enemy aircraft more reliably, the ''AIM-9P'' module should be prioritized, though this requires unlocking the ''LAU-3/A'' and ''AGM-12B Bullpup'' modules to get to. If trying to attack ground targets in Ground Realistic battles, the ''AGM-12B'' is also a good place to go while unlocking the ''AIM-9P'' as it will unlock four Bullpup missiles ready to be mounted on the F-5A.

The research priority of the bombs is up to the user's preference and ability to skillfully put bombs onto target, as the F-5A does not comes with a ballistic computer to help guide where the bombs will drop. User's intuition and skill are relied upon for an accurate drop, which can be harder to do in Ground Realistic battles due to the likely contested airspace the F-5A would find themselves in when the enemy team begin deploying SPAAs.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm M39A2 cannons, nose-mounted (280 rpg = 560 total)

The F-5 can make short work of enemy jet fighters thanks to its fairly accurate cannons, the generous amount of rounds and the directional controllability of the aircraft. The two nose-mounted autocannons are not as fast-firing as many of the top-rank vehicles like the [[M61 (20 mm)|M61 Vulcan]] on Phantoms or the [[GSh-23L_(23_mm)|GSh-23L]] on MiG-21s. However, the M39A2 cannon shells are of similar nature to the M61, so the same effect on enemy targets can be expected if the shots land onto target. One benefit of the lower rate of fire is the longer time of firing available to a F-5A pilot. So if the pilot aims carefully, the F-5A can deliver devastating effects with their 20 mm M39A2 for a longer period of time.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|LDGP Mk 81 (250 lb)|LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|M117 cone 45 (750 lb)|LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)}}
{{main|AGM-12B Bullpup|AIM-9P Sidewinder|FFAR Mighty Mouse}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 18 x 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs (4,500 lb total)
* 5 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 5 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (3,750 lb total)
* 3 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 1 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bomb (2,000 lb total)
* 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 4 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 18 x 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs (4,500 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 5 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 5 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (3,750 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 3 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 1 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bomb (2,000 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 2 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 6 x 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 2 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles + 3 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 2 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles + 3 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (2,250 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 1 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bomb (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 1 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bomb (750 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 3 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (2,250 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 2 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles + 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 1 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bomb (750 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 2 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles + 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 1 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bomb (500 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 2 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles + 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 1 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bomb (1,000 lb total)

Once AIM-9P missiles are unlocked, your attack capability is vastly increased and F-5A becomes an effective dogfighter.

== Usage in battles ==


F-5A was designed to be a lightweight fighter at the first place, so one thing players may find is the better manoeuvrability over most jets at the same tier, also another traits of this aircraft is its directional controllability (that is, the nose points to whether your mouse pointed at without much corrections); but you will also suffer from a major drawback of it- the subpar thrust of the pair of J85 on the it, which provides lower-than-average acceleration to fighters of the same tier, unless necessary or 1-on-1 battles, DO NOT have the airspeed lower than 800kph which the speed drops even significantly.

One way to cope with the lack of acceleration is to use the directional controllability to bait enemies during head-on, with the currently smallest size jet at 10.7, players can dodge devastating cannons with relatively ease and use that manoeuvrability to turn back on the enemy; or trick their shots then immediately point the nose back onto the enemy during head-on albeit risky. Another safer option is pick those fighters with lower energy and make quick and short work of them with those pair of M39A2 cannons; until players unlock AIM-9P with exceptional accuracy and long range; with missiles, try to keep the target at around 2km where the missiles can track with more accuracy but keep in mind that you only have 2 chances as F-5A has no underwing pylon for AAMs.

For Ground(RB):

One thing that makes F-5A different from most ROCAF and PLAAF aircraft is the surprising amount of variety of CAS configs ranging from 250-2000 lbs LDGP bombs, FFARs or 4 AGM-12B AGMs that proves lethal to ground vehicles. But lacks of ballistic computers (not even a gyroscope gunsight) makes it struggles on pin-point bombings against your targets, so experience on jet ground-attacks is very essential for this aircraft; alternatively, if you prefer AGMs, these 4 AGM-12B can make really short work to any ground targets.

The key to ground attack in a F-5A is keep on track of SPAAGs as you don't have a RWR and if necessary, bring 2 extra AIM-9Ps to protect your team from other ground attackers.

*the ZTZ-99 could be supported by a F-5A

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Many payload options
* AIM-9P missiles are quite effective
* Highly manoeuvrable
* Amazing energy retention, even in high-G manoeuvres
* Hard to rip the wings
* Can be used in many roles, such as fighter, attacker and base bomber
* Competitive speed at sea level, on par with MiG-21s
* Reasonable ammo pool for the cannons

'''Cons:'''

* No flares and RWR
* No radar or rangefinder
* No extra protection on the aircraft
* Low top speed, acceleration, and climb rate compared to its counterparts

== History ==

=== [[wt:en/news/7060-development-f-5a-freedom-fighter-bring-em-hell-en|Devblog]] ===
In the mid-50's, a group of specialists from the Northrop Corporation began developing a light multi-role short-range support fighter on their own initiative that could take off and land on short runways. The idea did not receive much appreciation from the military authorities, as the main stake was then placed on high-tech expensive fighters, for which the length of the runway did not play a decisive role. However, within Northrop Corporation, the project continued to develop. While research, construction and testing of prototypes were going on, the strengthening of the NATO and SEATO alliances required the United States to supply a cheap multi-role fighter to allies.

This is where the work of the Northrop engineers came in handy. With minor modifications, the experimental aircraft went into production under the designation F-5A. Very easy to assemble and maintain, without modern navigation and guidance systems, the aircraft was able to carry a huge arsenal of suspended weaponry and effectively carry out missions to destroy various types of ground targets, as well as successfully participate in air battles, often against more expensive and advanced enemy aircraft.

The F-5A Freedom Fighter was first put in service by the Norwegian Air Force in 1964, later she was supplied to a large number of US allies and was actively used in many conflicts around the world, including Vietnam, the Iran-Iraq conflict and the War of Ogaden.

== Media ==


;'''Skins'''

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=china&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=jet_fighter&vehicle=f-5a_china Skins and camouflages for the F-5A from live.warthunder.com.]

'''Images'''<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:F-5A WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:F-5A WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:F-5A WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:F-5A WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:F-5A WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:F-5A WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/519024-f-5a/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Northrop}}
{{China jet aircraft}}

I-16 type 17 (China)

2021-05-16T15:38:12Z

U1619975: /* Usage in battles */

{{About
| about = Chinese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = I-16 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=i-16_type17_china
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,400 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 444 || 423 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.6 || 18.6 || 14.8 || 14.8 || rowspan="2" | 210
|-
! Upgraded
| 480 || 461 || 15.5 || 16.5 || 23.1 || 18.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 260 || ~16 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 300 || < 240 || < 280 || > 190
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Compressor
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
! Setting 1
| 2,900 m || 700 hp || 830 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 6 mm steel behind pilot

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ShVAK (20 mm)|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm ShVAK cannons, wing-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)
* 2 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns, nose-mounted (650 rpg = 1,300 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|FAB-50 (50 kg)|FAB-100 (100 kg)|RS-82|RBS-82}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 100 kg FAB-100 bombs (200 kg total)
* 2 x 50 kg FAB-50 bombs (100 kg total)
* 6 x RS-82 rockets
* 6 x RBS-82 rockets

== Usage in battles ==


The I-16 type 17 shares a similar playstyle as its predecessors, which is turnfighting. Start off the match by climbing between 10-17 degrees to gain altitude. Although this is not a real BnZ fighter, getting some altitude will still grant you many opportunities.

Your biggest threat when flying the I-16 Type 17 comes from pretty much any fighter aircraft at this BR, since they all have a significant top speed/climb rate advantage (such as Ki-43 and Bf 109 F). A common scenario you will encounter is, you will see those planes higher than you before an engagement due to your inferior climb rate. They will always try to BnZ you, while your only effective tactic is to evade their dives and bleed their energy. Bank towards your teammates and keep climbing with WEP. As the enemy starts diving on you, wait until the distance closes to ~0.9 km, then use your great roll rate and turn rate, suddenly roll to one side and dodge under the attacker. This will usually force them to either shoot at an awkward position and miss (usually), or they will straight-up relinquish the pass and pull up. Some enemies might lose patience after a few successful dodges and chase you rather than zooming away to try and destroy you. Now again utilise your agility to perform horizontal manoeuvres such as scissors, in a combination of short vertical movements such as Immelmanns and chandelles, to force an overshoot or to get on their tail. With careful aiming, the pair of ShVAK cannons will quickly destroy a fighter.

Do not try to out-dive any monoplane as the I-16's light weight means that it is relatively slow at building up speed in a dive and also causes it to have lacklustre energy retention. However some short dives will gather you speed for more manoeuvres, or drag enemy BnZ planes to the deck. Once they are low, it is rather easy to out-manoeuvre them.

When confronting slower but more manoeuvrable planes such as Ki-27, energy tactics like BnZ are to be favoured over turning and burning. When you do not have altitude advantage over the Ki-27, the use of rolls is the most desired if not a nigh obligatory form of evasion. There is minimal chance to turn out or outrun the Ki-27, but you can out-roll it, particularly at high speeds. On the other hand, zoom climbs are a bit of a mixed bag. While the I-16 sometimes can get away with it through its superior power-to-weight ratio, the Ki-27 has a much lower stall speed which sometimes allows it to stay all the way through the zoom climb with I-16.

The I-16 Type 17 is not a very effective interceptor, not being much faster than most monoplane bombers in its rank while having both a rather weak armament and protection.

'''Simulator:'''

The I-16 can be used in turnfighting, bomber intercepting and ground pounding. However in this mode, its characteristics appear to be quite conflicting. It is excellent in turning tightly and continuously, yet when manoeuvring it easily gets into uncontrollable spins which isn't beginner friendly. Also the rather big nose blocks the visibility a lot, offering very poor over-the-nose visibility which is a disadvantage in a turn fight, because when leading a shot the enemy will always get obstructed by the engine, making the player guess the shot. More ever, there is no trim control available in a sim battle and the I-16 always pitch up and down. Although not a lot, it is still annoying when trying to get a precise aim.

It is recommended to set the convergence within 300m, with vertical convergence on, because the majority of turnfights happen at that range or closer.

Sim is different from realistic, so discard the habit of bringing the least fuel. Bring at least 30 minutes of fuel, although it decreases the plane's performance a bit, it prevents constant refuelling which saves time for patrolling and fighting.

As your I-16 roars down the runway, you will notice that it shifts severely to the side, and the nose will tip down. If you don't correct it it will eventually strike the ground, causing a failed takeoff. Thus you must put rudder input as opposed to the side it's shifting towards, and apply positive pitch to keep the propeller off the ground. You do not want to use flaps anywhere except takeoff and landing, since they are very weak and will rip at more than 260 km/h, while the average speed during a battle tends to be around 300 km/h. Once one or both flaps are gone it creates an imbalance in the roll axis, making spins more common. It also makes landing harder.

Before engaging a fight, it is better to have an altitude advantage first. When approaching the fight try to figure out which is your teammate and which is the enemy, to avoid going for a second pass, as the energy retention of the I-16 is rather slow. Also pick your target carefully. For easier aiming, you want to go for those unmanoeuvrable twin engine aircraft like [[Ju 88 (Family)|Ju 88]] or [[Ki-45 (Family)|Ki-45]], or bombers if there are any. Given the bad forward visibility of the I-16, these are the best options as they are quite slow and sluggish, and are a bigger target to hit. When dealing with fighters, it is way harder to aim. The elevator control of the I-16 is extremely sensitive, giving it good manoeuvrability, but at the same time, bad handling. The I-16 will respond in a very fast turn upon moving your stick/mouse by a little bit, which makes tracking nimble planes quite hard. But once you get used to it, try to lure every enemy into a turnfight, as that is where the I-16 shines. Several hits with the ShVAK cannon will effectively damage the enemy. If you find an enemy at your 6, utilise your great roll rate to do defensive manoeuvres like scissors to make them overshoot. Or you can simply do tight turns, most monoplanes won't be able to cut inside your turn and they might disengage. Important note: DO NOT put too much rolling and pitching input at once, as aforementioned the I-16 tend to enter spins easily.

If you are not very experienced in sim, you can also go for even bigger targets (bombers) for easier aiming. However you want to be more careful when hunting bombers, since with the Sim control (whether it be mouse joystick or a real stick) the plane will manoeuvre much more gently, making itself a great target for the bomber's gunners. DO NOT follow behind a bomber's 6 unless you are sure that its tail gunners are unconscious. Chasing behind a bomber makes yourself stationary for the tail gunners, and you will be showered with bullets. Your big radial engine will usually get damaged. Instead, before attacking, get an altitude advantage over the bomber by flying around 2 km above it. The bomber should only fill up about 1/6 of your gunsight. The best position for an attack is at the bomber's high 6 so you can adjust the lead much easier. Dive at the bomber, but not directly at it, try to predict where you two will crash by imagining yourself as a missile, that's where you should aim at (deflection shooting). To maximise the damage it is better to aim for their wings and engines, as the fuselage usually soaks up quite some bullets. Only fire when the bomber passes in front of your guns. This short window might seem inadequate to do anything, but with a accurate burst on the engine the twin ShVAK can deal quite a bit of damage. Without an engine most bombers cannot go far.

Although ground pounding ability is limited, there are still bombs and rockets to choose from. The 2 bombs can effectively destroy pillboxes or tanks while the rockets, with accurate aiming, can destroy 3 targets. Once the suspended armaments are gone, use the 2 MG for soft targets like trucks, artillery and AA cars. Save the ammo for the ShVAK in case of an unwanted dogfight.

Just like the SB 2M, the I-16 can still fly when it's extremely slow, causing it to bounce up during landing which can lead to a fatal crash. The trick is similar: slow it down more than other aircraft. Make sure you are around 1 km from the start of the runway and is no more than 300m high. When the runway fills up your gunsight, drop speed to around 210 kph and deploy landing flaps. The good thing is, the I-16 will not pitch up drastically upon using its flaps so you don't need to counter the extra lift. Make sure that you extend landing gears early as they move very slow (takes around 15 seconds to deploy). When you are about to touch down you should be flying at around 140 kph. You must control your rate of descent (I-16's gears are fragile) and make sure that you are slightly pitching upwards with the nose obstructing the horizon. This way the I-16 should land gently without having to brake for too long. Once you are sliding on the ground, fully deflect your elevators upwards to counter the momentum that can push the nose into the ground. You must release brakes once every 4 seconds, because if you only release them as the nose dips down, it's too late.

==== Against the I-16 ====
'''Turn fighter''': if you are in a biplane (eg. He 51, CR.32), you can simply choose to lure the I-16 into a turn fight with purely flat turns. But before doing so it might dive at you, perform the classical evading manoeuvre by dodging under its negative G area. The I-16 is indeed good at turning, but its monoplane configuration, small wings and weak engine leads to poor energy retention and high wing loading, causing it to bleed speed in continuous turns. Biplanes will last longer in a prolonged turn fight and will eventually end up at the I-16's tail. Monoplane turn fighters like the Spitfire and A6M2 all have superior level speed, climb rate and dive speed, although their turn rate might be slightly worse. Now with better energy retention you can choose a combination of turn fighting and BnZ fighting.

'''Jack-of-all-trades fighter''': this type of aircraft (eg. Ki-43, Bf 109 E) can find it quite easy to deal with an I-16, since they all have significantly better climb rate, acceleration, level and dive speed, despite having slower turn rate. With this superior performance, players have every advantage possible and should perform BnZ attacks on the I-16. It will most certainly dodge your dives like described above, but do not lose patience. Keep either speed or altitude advantage and never get lured down to the same height as an I-16. An experienced I-16 pilot will utilise its amazing turn rate and roll rate to force overshoots or even an ultimate reversal should you somehow bleed all your energy/speed. In Simulator, this kind of jack-of-all-trades fighter usually has much better stability and smoother handling than an I-16, and maybe better visibility too, so you can choose a combination of manoeuvres to play with it. The I-16 has very limited over-the-nose visibility, and absurdly bad stableness that it usually ends up in flatspins if its pilot is not gentle with the stick.

'''High speed BnZ fighter''': with fast fighters, the tactic is straightforward: keep up your speed at all times, even if it means trading altitude for it. Approach the I-16 fast, perform a quick and precise deflection shooting and zoom climb/shallow climb away, leaving the I-16 far behind. Its slow speed means that it will never catch up to a high speed aircraft like the He 100, P-40, Ki-61, etc. Note, as you approach a veteran I-16 pilot might dance around to mess up your shots. if you do miss, do not try and follow up for more shots, immediately zoom away. This is a very vicious trap: the slower "prey" presents its tail to an attacker to disguise as an easy target, lure it closer and closer until the BnZ becomes a face to face dogfight, then before the attacker may realise the reversal comes.

'''Attacker/bomber''': many attackers are faster than the I-16, like the B18, Hs 129, even bombers like the SBD and He 111. For the former, if an I-16 tries to get on your tail, enter a steep dive, gradually level out and gain some separation. It connot catch up to you. The best scenario is to force a head-on with it, as it has rather weak armaments. For planes with defensive guns, keep your plane steady as the I-16 dives/approaches, then aim carefully at its huge radial engine. It will not be fast even in a dive, and with its engine damaged it will be even slower, making itself an easier target for your gunners.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

[[Ki-27 otsu|Ki-27]], [[N1K1]], [[He 51 (Family)|He 51]], [[Gladiator (Family)|Gladiator]], etc;

Those commonly seen planes are equally good at turnfights and will be a hard target to down since they are very small and agile. To deal with them you need to practice leading and deflection shots, plus manoeuvres like barrel rolls and scissors. They are easily damaged by your ShVAK.

[[He 111 H-6]]:

This bomber is not only quite durable, but also pretty fast. In level flight it can outrun the I-16 rather easily. Avoid being on its 6 as it will have at least 2x 7.92mm MG facing its tail, and their rapid firerate and good penetration is a big threat. Either go for a head-on or use deflection shooting and aim for its engines. If you cannot keep up with it, disengage. If it flies way higher than you, change your target.

[[Sunderland Mk IIIa|Sunderland]]:

This flying boat is like a low-tier [[Be-6]]. Its huge fuselage is very spacious and can absorb lots of bullets and shells. It also has lethal defensive firepower: two 7.7 mm in the nose, four forward-facing, two on the top and four at the tail, so attacking from behind, in front or above aren't the best options. Dive under it and suddenly pull up to shoot its defenceless underside. Aim at the large wings and engines, avoid shooting the fuselage.

[[He 100 D-1|He 100]], [[Bf 109 E-1|Bf 109 E]]/F, [[A6M2]]:

These planes might not be able to out-turn the I-16, but they can easily outrun it as the I-16 is very slow. These fighters will usually BnZ you, so you must constantly look above and behind you. If they are diving on you, do what you do in realistic: use your roll rate and dodge under their negative G areas. Most players will try to follow up, if not immediately losing track of you. Several dodges might make them impatient and if they really start to turn with you, they are already dead.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent turning ability- with combat flaps deployed it can out-turn any Bf 109, Fw 190 A and even turn-fighters like the [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]]
* Extreme roll rate allows it to do offensive/defensive scissors easily, which is an advantage over Bf 109 and [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]] as their roll rates aren't as good.
* Powerful twin ShVAK cannons with good fire rate, adequate velocity and accuracy, while 150 RPG capacity allows for reasonably long engagements
* Is at rank III but with a 2.7 BR, meaning it can research rank IV planes while playing at low BR matches which can be more enjoyable
* Suspended armament provides rockets and bombs, which, to an extent, allows some ground attack ability
* Is a very short and small plane, offering the enemy a harder target to hit

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely poor level speed, climb rate, dive acceleration and energy retention- will get outran, out-climbed and out-dived easily by Bf 109 E/F, Fw 190 A or [[A6M2]].
* Engine tends to overheat when diving at more than 500 km/h
* Control surfaces are unresponsive over 450 km/h
* Flaps are very weak and will break over 250 km/h, severely limiting its sharp-turning potential at higher speeds
* No manual trim controls in Simulator which makes it hard to handle
* Although manoeuvrable, it can still get out-turned by the Japanese turn-fighters
* Hard to fly in SB -- very unstable in pitch, poor over-the-nose visibility and is prone to enter flat spins

== History ==


On the 7th July 1937, fighting broke out between Chinese and Japanese forces, starting the Second Sino-Japanese War. When the war began, the Chinese air force was using many obsolete aircraft such as the [[Hawk III]], which were no match for the Japanese A5M fighters.<ref name="PolikarpovAces">Maslov and Postlethwaite 2013</ref> China rapidly signed the Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact with the USSR, and as part of the agreement the Soviets began Operation Zet to secretly supply China with aircraft and pilots.

Between October 1937 and September 1939 the USSR delivered 885 aircraft (rising to 1,250 by 1941), including 216 Polikarpov I-16s, predominately Type 5s and Type 10s. At first the Soviet pilots would have to fly the aircraft over 1,500 miles across China to get them to their destination of Lanzhou, however this was a risky journey and so future batches of aircraft would be disassembled and transported to Hami (closer to Lanzhou), before final assembly and delivery to Lanzhou.<ref name="PolikarpovAces" /> The first I-16s were delivered in November 1937, however rushed training of the Chinese pilots meant many were lost to crashes. In Chinese service the I-16 became known as the "Lastochka" or "Swallow".<ref name="PolikarpovAces" /> In the early years of the war the I-16 was a capable fighter, however from 1939 onwards its performance was deemed to be lacking in comparison to newer fighters.

A number Chinese aces flew the I-16; among them Lo Ying-Teh who in 1938 shot down Japanese unit leader Lt Ryohei Ushioda's A5M2 in his I-16 Type 5. Another ace to fly the I-16 was Liu Chi-Sheng who achieved 3 of his 10 kills while flying the I-16 Type 5, along with another shared kill.<ref name="ChinaAces">Cheung and Davey 2015</ref>

The I-16 Type 17 was a late modification to the I-16 which aimed to improve firepower, by replacing the two wing-mounted 7.62 mm machine guns with 20 mm cannons. The improved armament was well received by pilots, however the increased weight and drag did have a notable impact on the performance of the aircraft.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/520554-i-16-type-10-17/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[Wikipedia:Polikarpov_I-16|[Wikipedia<nowiki>]</nowiki> Polikarpov I-16]]
* [http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/china_ying-teh.htm Biplane fighter aces China - General Lo Ying-Teh]
* [http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/china_chi-sheng.htm Biplane fighter aces China - Major General Liu Chi-Sheng]
* [http://www.century-of-flight.freeola.com/Aviation%20history/WW2/aces/Liu%20Chi-Sheng.htm Aviation during World War 2 - Major General Liu Chi-Sheng]

===Citations===
<references />

===Bibliography===
Cheung, R., & Davey, C. (2015). Aces of the Republic of China Air Force. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing.

Maslov, M., & Postlethwaite, M. (2013). Polikarpov I-15, I-16 and I-153 Aces. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing.

{{AirManufacturer Polikarpov}}
{{China fighters}}