War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Mk.13-6 Case (2,216 lb)

2020-12-25T02:02:11Z

U1600600: /* General info */

{{DISPLAYTITLE:22.5-inch Mk.13/44}}
[[File:Torpedo_Mk.13_44_portrait.png|thumbnail|right|x250px|]]

== Description ==

[[File:Torpedo_Mk.13_44_Sideview.png|700px|thumb|left|Side view of an '''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedo.]]

{{break}}
The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedo was a guinea pig of a torpedo having been the subject of testing and modification since 1925. Used early in World War II, this torpedo failed to operate properly approximately 70% of the time with problems of running cold (propeller mechanism failed to start), sinking, not running true (deviating path), improper depth, running on the surface or porposing (continuous jumping out of the water) due to improper water contact. Aircraft were required to fly extremely slow and low when dropping the torpedo as to not damage it on impact with the water and to provide the most stable drop possible, unfortunately, this put the torpedo bomber in a bad position of being an easy target for anti-aircraft guns mounted on enemy ships.

Extensive testing in 1942 determined that the low and slow approach to the Mk.13 launch was actually counterproductive as it caused the torpedo to “belly-flop” on the water resulting in damage sustained to its internal components. New modifications were tested which replaced fragile parts and components which were susceptible to damage upon impact with the water. A new study also implemented the addition of frangible “drag rings” and box-shaped tail stabilizers. These devices served to stabilize the torpedo during higher drops, lower the nose for the initial impact and reduce the depth at which the torpedo dove after impact. The wood drag rings and stabilizers were obliterated on impact with the water which absorbed some of the impact, protecting the torpedo.<ref name="NAO" /> By 1944 the Mk.13 was essentially a brand new torpedo and was accepted as the best aircraft torpedo in the U.S. inventory at that time and was credited with the sinking of the Japanese battleship Yamato.<ref name="NavWeaps" />

Later after World War II, there came a need for river patrol boats to be outfitted with torpedo launchers. The Mk.13 was the ideal torpedo to fulfil this need due to its short stature (compared to other torpedoes) and excelled in a shallow launch and run which afforded it to operate in shallow waters without hitting the bottom. Opportunities for sea use on smaller vessels were available in shallow areas where larger ships and torpedoes could not operate.
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=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===

{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Fighters'''}}{{Specs-Link|f6f-3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f6f-5_france}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f6f-5n}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f6f-5n_france}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|hellcat_fmk1}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Attackers'''}}{{Specs-Link|a2d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|douglas_ad_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|douglas_ad_4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|douglas_ad_4_france}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|am_1_mauler}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Bombers'''}}{{Specs-Link|avenger_mk1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|b_34}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|btd-1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|pby-5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|pby-5a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|pby-5a_raf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|pby-5a_ussr}}
{{Navigation-Line| }}{{Specs-Link|pv_2d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sb2c_1c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sb2c_4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sb2c_5_france}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|tbd-1_1938}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|tbf-1c}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==

The aircraft torpedo Mk.13 is typically carried on attack-type aircraft<ref name="NAO" />, however, there are a few light bombers which can also be outfitted with them. The design of the Mk.13 departed from conventional torpedo design for submarines and destroyers to accommodate being delivered by aircraft and being dropped.<ref name="NavWeaps" /> Due to the short and stocky size of the torpedoes, they were also ideal to be outfitted on motor torpedo boats where they could either be launched from tubes or just rolled off the side of the boat for more stealthy approaches.

The appearance of this torpedo is similar to many others in that it has the appearance of a mini-submarine which contains an engine, fuel and steering devices. At almost one ton in weight, 600 lbs of it is the detachable warhead which is filled with the highly explosive Torpex.<ref name="NAO" />
[[File:Torpedo_Mk.13_Shroud_ring.png|200px|thumb|right|A view of the shroud ring (ring tail) of the [[Mk.13]] and [[Mk.13/44]] torpedoes.]]
The Mk.13 torpedo was specifically designed to be used from an aerial platform with a range of 5.7 km with an in-water speed of almost 67 kph. The Mk.13 designation applies to the entire torpedo assembly as a whole, however, portions of the torpedo (warhead, gyroscope and other sub-assemblies) will have their own mark and mod designations.

=== Implemented modifications ===

;Perminant modification

*'''Shroud Ring''': The shroud ring (or “ring tail) is a metal cylindrical band, coaxial with the torpedo and mounted near the rear end of the tail vanes just fore of the propellers. The shroud ring does not provide any help with stability while the torpedo is airborne, however, it does provide a considerable amount of stability for the torpedo while it is in the water. In addition to providing stability in the water, the shroud prevents the torpedo from deep-diving, hooks, water roll or breaching the surface and keeps it on a steady course heading toward its target.<ref name="NAO" /><ref name="NavWeaps" />

[[File:Torpedo_Mk.13_44_Front_View.png|200px|thumb|right|A view of the wooden ''drag ring'' covering the nose of the torpedo.]]

;Frangible add-on parts for an aerial drop

*'''Drag ring''': The drag ring ( also known as the “pickle barrel”) which covered the rounded nose of the torpedo and secured with a length of softwood pinning the drag ring into place through the torpedoes nose ring. It was found that the aerodynamics of the torpedo was such that it would oscillate during the fall causing the torpedo to impact and damage the tail section.<ref name="NavWeaps" /> The drag ring stabilized the torpedoes drop eliminating the oscillations by reducing the aerodynamics, helping keep the nose pointed downwards to breach the surface instead of skipping on the surface. As the drag ring enters the water it breaks apart and falls away, but in the process creates a bubble around the torpedo which helps to absorb the shock of the impact, reducing potential damage to the warhead portion of the torpedo.<ref name="NAO" />

*'''Box stabilizer''': A plywood, box-shaped stabilizer has been built around the shroud ring of the torpedo and is held together with wooden pegs which shear during impact with the water. The wooden stabilizer acts to guide the torpedo to drop in a smooth curve and help the drag ring in pointing the torpedo nose-first into the water. After impact with the water and the box stabilizer has fallen away, the torpedo is free to make a clean run to the target.<ref name="NAO" /><ref name="NavWeaps" />

[[File:Torpedo_Mk.13_44_Rear_View.png|200px|thumb|right|A view of the wooden ''box stabilizer'' covering the shroud ring of the torpedo.]]
=== Effective damage ===

The Mk.13 torpedo had a large high-explosive warhead compared to the Mk.VII which was frequently used at the time. The Mk.13 had a 600 lb (270 kg) Torpex (Torpedo Explosive) warhead compared the Mk.VII’s 466 lb (211 kg) warhead. Torpex was an explosive which was about 50% more powerful than TNT by mass alone as this mixture contained 40% TNT, 42% RDX and 18% powdered aluminium.<ref name="NavWeaps" /> While not as fast nor had as long of range as other torpedoes, the Mk.13 was used effectively at night when stealthy operations from PT boats which took place requiring torpedoes to reach the target with the least amount of warning. Aerial operations took advantage of the slower torpedo by dropping it from a higher altitude, increasing its time in the air and getting it closer to the target before it entered the water.<ref name="NAO" />

=== Comparison with analogues ===


* [[Mk.13]] : This is the same torpedo as the {{PAGENAME}}, however, it has not been outfitted with the frangible drag ring and box stabilizer to allow for higher drops at faster speeds. The Mk.13 is the culmination of upgrades and modifications prior to the addition of the drag ring and box stabilizer. This version of torpedo requires a lower and slower altitude to be released at than the {{PAGENAME}}.<ref name="NAO" />

== Usage in battles ==

The upgraded Mk.13 torpedo can be utilised against any target which is in the water which can include ships, boats, tanks (at the water's edge), boat-planes or even structures. Due to the higher altitude in which it can be dropped from, the delivering bomber can make a safer approach, release and get-away avoiding ship-board anti-aircraft fire and fighters patrolling around ships.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Can be dropped from higher altitudes (maximum 820 ft (250 m))
* Can be dropped at higher speeds (maximum 322 mph (518 kph))
* Higher release increases glide distance, decreases time in the water to the target

'''Cons:'''

* Aircraft typically only carry one or two at a time
* Slow, given enough distance a ship can avoid the torpedo

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|RvjAQduI1uU|Technical operations of U.S. Mk.13 Torpedoes [Historical]}}

;Images
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Torpedo_Mk.13_44_Dropped_from_TBF-1C.png|thumb|none|425px|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedo being dropped from a [[TBF-1C]].]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Torpedo_Mk.13_44_Successful_Drop.png|thumb|none|425px|Successful drop of a '''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedo from a [[TBF-1C]] naval bomber.]] </li>
</ul></div>
== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the weapon;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* NavWeaps Website [[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WTUS_WWII.php World War II Torpedoes of the United States]]
* Flight Journal Website [[https://www.flightjournal.com/iconic-firepower-the-outstandingly-bad-mark-13-torpedo/ Iconic Firepower: The Outstandingly Bad Mark 13 Torpedo]]
* Ordnance Pamphlet No. 629(A) [[https://archive.hnsa.org/doc/torpedomk13/index.htm U.S. Navy Torpedoes Mark 13, B-1 & 2 July 1942]]
* NAVPERS 10826 [[https://bulletpicker.com/pdf/NAVPERS%2010826,%20Naval%20Airborne%20Ordnance.pdf Naval Airborne Ordnance]], p. 153-166

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="NAO">U.S. Naval and Systems Ordnance Command. (1952). [https://bulletpicker.com/pdf/NAVPERS%2010826,%20Naval%20Airborne%20Ordnance.pdf Naval Airborne Ordnance (OP 10826)][[File:Pdf_fileicon.png|.pdf document|link=]].</ref>
<ref name="NavWeaps">NavWeaps Website [[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WTUS_WWII.php World War II Torpedoes of the United States]].</ref>
</references>

{{Torpedoes}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

Yak-30D

2020-11-22T19:21:09Z

U1600600: Fixed typos.

{{Specs-Card|code=yak-30d}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Russian jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.59 "Flaming Arrows"]]. The Yak-30 is the current top-rank Yak fighter aircraft in the USSR tech tree.

Lacking external ordinance, the Yak-30 is purely a fighter/bomber interceptor and excels in such a role.

Many people tend to ignore the Yak-30 for it's easier-to-grind contemporary, the [[La-15]]. Those who persist, however, are awarded a faster and more durable airframe (unlike that of the La-15); however, this comparison isn't entirely fair either. The La-15 is generally much more agile at lower speeds and also carries significantly more cannon ammunition. As such, the preference between the Yak-30 and La-15 will vary depending on play style. Those that want a dependable and speedy fighter should choose the Yak-30; those that want an agile and ammo-friendly fighter should choose the La-15.

Unlike previous Yak jets (such as the Yak-23/17/15) the Yak-30 is a conventional swept-wing jet fighter that performs much more akin to the famed Mig-15/17 than its more manoeuvrable, straight-winged forebears. At 8.0 BR the Yak-30 is an excellent aircraft that can compete with the best other nations have to offer.

For an 8.0 vehicle, the Yak-30 is incredibly fast, capable of over 1,000 kph in level flight. Unfortunately, acceleration over 850 kph isn't particularly good and significant energy is lost in any sort of manoeuvre at those speeds.

Please note that the Yak-30 starts to compresses significantly at high speeds and cannot effectively make high-speed deflection shots unless the target in question is flying idly and is not spatially aware.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 981 || 953 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.2 || 22.6 || 31.5 || 29.9 || rowspan="2" | 520
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,045 || 1,026 || 20.8 || 21.0 || 45.0 || 38.0
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 520 || 520 || 320 || ~12 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 660 || < 540 || < 640 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Klimov RD-500 || 1
| colspan="2" | 2,600 kg || colspan="2" | 219 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 9m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel
|-
| 567 kg || colspan="2" | Centrifugal-flow turbojet
| 2,820 kg || 3,077 kg || 3,310 kg || 3,870 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (112%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || 112%
! 9m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,349 kgf || 1,499 kgf
| 0.53 || 0.49 || 0.45 || 0.39
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,349 kgf (0 km/h) || 1,499 kgf (0 km/h)
| 0.53 || 0.49 || 0.45 || 0.39
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 64 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|NR-23 (23 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 3 x 23 mm NR-23 cannons, chin-mounted (75 rpg = 225 total)

The two right mounted cannons can be fired independently of the left mounted one, allowing for potential conservation of ammunition.

== Usage in battles ==

If facing 7.0 to 8.0, Boom & Zoom is the tactic that should be employed with the Yak-30; it is key to keep your speed above 750 km/h at all times to give yourself a chance of running away if the engagement you are partaking in turns into the enemies favour. Although the Yak-30 at the specified speed is able to turn with most of its targets, don't depend on turning with your enemy as you may be caught off guard and unable to react if another enemy player enters the engagement. If you encounter an enemy who is on par or faster than your Yak-30, refer to the paragraph below.

If facing 8.0 to 9.0, Energy fighting or (if the engagement calls for it) turn fighting may be employed for the Yak-30; It is absolutely vital to know your enemies strengths and weaknesses. Your best tactic to use is deception; never let the enemy guess where you're going to go next. Keep the Yak-30 in its state of compression for as long as possible; At such high speeds, the Yak-30 is still manoeuvrable enough to out turn most of the jets it will face, causing a chasing enemy to overshoot or in rare cases, rip their wings off. A good tactic for engaging faster jets is to let them get onto your tail before baiting them into a turn. continue the turn until the enemy has lost a reasonably large chunk of energy before zooming away; The Yak-30's acceleration at low to medium speeds is still exceptional and will aid you with opening a gap between the enemy and you for setting up an actual dogfight.

====Specific enemies worth noting====

[[G.91_R/1|G.91s]], [[Me 163 B|Me 163s]] and [[Me 262 C-2b|Me 262 C-2b]]s are all effective matches for the Yak-30.
the G.91s are the most comparable fighter to the Yak-30, like a MiG-15's F-86 Sabre or a Spitfire's Bf 109; facing off against one relies on the skill of the pilot and other external factors such as prior damage or altitude. A Yak-30's strength against a G.91 is its ability to compress and airframe strength (It is possible to make a chasing G.91 rip its wings executing the same manoeuvre as you at certain speeds). If you end up in a one on one engagement with a G.91, make sure to read your opponent and guess what their next move is going to be. Be patient and wait for your enemy to make a mistake.

====Counter-tactics====

Defensive flying is a strong point of the Yak-30 due to its relatively high turn rate at all speeds. It's roll rate although not being good at high speeds, can still be used in conjunction with other control surfaces to throw the enemy off and gain neutral ground. Careful throttle/flap control can always be used to great effect against any higher-energy opponent; however- the Yak-30 is no Yak-23- the Yak-30 will not and cannot accelerate and climb to disengage. Effective teamwork and squads can help eliminate most disadvantages a Yak-30 pilot may experience against any opposing fighter.
The Yak-30 does not like damage; a single burst of a .50cal weapon is able to cripple the Yak-30's ability to manoeuvre and therefore is an easy target.
Although being fast for an 8.0, It's top speed is it's downfall for 9.0 matches and most 9.0 jets will be able to catch the Yak-30.

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="1" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Compressor
|
| Offensive 23 mm
|-
| II
| New Boosters
|
| Airframe
|
|-
| III
| Wing Repair
|
|
| New 23 mm Cannons
|-
| IV
|
| Engine
| Cover
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Guns are deadly when they work
* Good energy retention
* Good acceleration (up to 600-700 km/h)
* Decent manoeuvrability
* God-like turn rate below 600 km/h, specially when using flaps
* Good zoom-climb rate
* Engine has 112% throttle for added thrust
* Difficult to rip the wings

'''Cons:'''

* Control surfaces compress significantly at higher speeds
* Low ammo count
* Guns are hard to aim
* Unreliable guns that are notoriously ineffective at times
* Engine overheats easily at 112% throttle, use with caution!
* Minimal fuel load is usually too little for Air RB matches
* Flaps are easy to break if not careful
* Mediocre acceleration past 600 km/h
* Tends to be uptiered constantly, which faces aircraft that outclasses it in many ways

== History ==

The Yak-30 was the unsuccessful rival to the MiG-15. Design of the Yakovlev prototype, to the same specification as the MiG, fell behind its competitor and the Yak did not have its first flight until the MiG had already completed service trials. Its own September 1948 debut indicated it was a strong aircraft with excellent handling and good all-round performance, but it never moved past the prototype stage.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/3741-development-the-yak-30d-a-long-anticipated-top-jet-fighter-in-the-yakovlev-fighters-branch-en|[Devblog] The Yak-30D: A long anticipated top jet fighter in the Yakovlev fighters branch]]

{{AirManufacturer Yakovlev}}
{{USSR jet aircraft}}