War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

I-16 type 10 (China)

2023-10-31T09:54:47Z

U157757836: added nfo

{{About
| about = fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = I-16 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=i-16_type10_china
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,160 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 430 || 413 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.0 || 18.9 || 14.7 || 14.7 || rowspan="2" | 210
|-
! Upgraded
| 467 || 453 || 15.9 || 16.7 || 24.8 || 19.8
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 700  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 260 || ~17 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 300 || < 240 || < 280 || > 190
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 6 mm steel behind pilot
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (1 in front of pilot)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns, nose-mounted (650 rpg = 1,300 total)
* 2 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns, wing-mounted (900 rpg = 1,800 total)

The I-16 type 10 improves upon the [[I-16 type 5 (China)|I-16 type 5]]'s armament with addition of two extra 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns in the nose, bringing the armament more in line with other aircraft it faces. It should be noted that the nose machine guns have 200 rounds less ammo per gun than the wing guns so will run out sooner. These 7.62mm cannons are helpful at low br's however it is noted that they are not the best and head-on attacks are not recommended for the I16 type 10

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|RBS-82|RS-82}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 6 x RS-82 rockets
* 6 x RBS-82 rockets

This I-16 type 10 is the first I-16 in the Chinese tree to get access to rockets (or any other suspended ordnance for that matter). The rockets can be used effectively against both ground targets and air targets (with a suitable detonation distance set).

== Usage in battles ==


The I-16 can be used in turnfighting, bomber intercepting and ground pounding. However in this mode, its characteristics appear to be quite conflicting. It is excellent in turning tightly and continuously, yet when manoeuvring it easily gets into uncontrollable spins which isn't beginner friendly. Also the rather big nose blocks the visibility a lot, offering very poor over-the-nose visibility which is a disadvantage in a turn fight, because when leading a shot the enemy will always get obstructed by the engine, making the player guess the shot. More ever, there is no trim control available in a sim battle and the I-16 always pitch up and down. Although not a lot, it is still annoying when trying to get a precise aim.

The small size of the I16s help in turnfights making them hard to hit and the low turn time helps. However cutting teh throttle is often recommnede due to its high speed which can decrease turn times.

It is recommended to set the convergence within 300 m, with vertical convergence on, because the majority of turnfights happen at that range or closer.

Sim is different from realistic, so discard the habit of bringing the least fuel. Bring at least 30 minutes of fuel, although it decreases the plane's performance a bit, it prevents constant refuelling which saves time for patrolling and fighting.

As your I-16 roars down the runway, you will notice that it shifts severely to the side, and the nose will tip down. If you don't correct it it will eventually strike the ground, causing a failed takeoff. Thus you must put rudder input as opposed to the side it's shifting towards, and apply positive pitch to keep the propeller off the ground. You do not want to use flaps anywhere except takeoff and landing, since they are very weak and will rip at more than 260 km/h, while the average speed during a battle tends to be around 300 km/h. Once one or both flaps are gone it creates an imbalance in the roll axis, making spins more common. It also makes landing harder.

Before engaging a fight, it is better to have an altitude advantage first. When approaching the fight try to figure out which is your teammate and which is the enemy, to avoid going for a second pass, as the energy retention of the I-16 is rather slow. Also pick your target carefully. For easier aiming, you want to go for those unmanoeuvrable twin engine aircraft like [[Ju 88 (Family)|Ju 88]] or [[Ki-45 (Family)|Ki-45]], or bombers if there are any. Given the bad forward visibility of the I-16, these are the best options as they are quite slow and sluggish, and are a bigger target to hit. However getting hits on them tend to do little work, as your MGs lack damage. When dealing with fighters, it is way harder to aim. The elevator control of the I-16 is extremely sensitive, giving it good manoeuvrability, but at the same time, bad handling. The I-16 will respond in a very fast turn upon moving your stick / mouse by a little bit, which makes tracking nimble planes quite hard. But once you get used to it, try to lure every enemy into a turnfight, as that is where the I-16 shines. Quite a bit of bullets are required to effectively damage the enemy so you must be patient. If you find an enemy at your 6, utilise your great roll rate to do defensive manoeuvres like scissors to make them overshoot. Or you can simply do tight turns, most monoplanes won't be able to cut inside your turn and they might disengage. Important note: DO NOT put too much rolling and pitching input at once, as aforementioned the I-16 tend to enter spins easily.

If you are not very experienced in sim, you can also go for even bigger targets (bombers) for easier aiming. However you want to be more careful when hunting bombers, since with the Sim control (whether it be mouse joystick or a real stick) the plane will manoeuvre much more gently, making itself a great target for the bomber's gunners. DO NOT follow behind a bomber's 6 unless you are sure that its tail gunners are unconscious. Chasing behind a bomber makes yourself stationary for the tail gunners, and you will be showered with bullets. Your big radial engine will usually get damaged. Instead, before attacking, get an altitude advantage over the bomber by flying around 2 km above it. The bomber should only fill up about 1/6 of your gunsight. The best position for an attack is at the bomber's high 6 so you can adjust the lead much easier. Dive at the bomber, but not directly at it, try to predict where you two will crash by imagining yourself as a missile, that's where you should aim at (deflection shooting). To maximise the damage it is better to aim for their wings and engines, as the fuselage usually soaks up quite some bullets. Only fire when the bomber passes in front of your guns. This short window might seem inadequate to do anything, but with a accurate burst on the engine the 4 MG can at least damage it. With an engine damaged most bombers cannot go far.

Ground pounding ability is limited as there is only rockets. The 6 rockets, with accurate aiming, can destroy 3 targets, whether them be tanks or pillboxes. Once the suspended armaments are gone, the 4 MG are good for killing soft targets like trucks, artillery and AA cars.

Just like the SB 2M, the I-16 can still fly when it's extremely slow, causing it to bounce up during landing which can lead to a fatal crash. The trick is similar: slow it down more than other aircraft. Make sure you are around 1 km from the start of the runway and is no more than 300 m high. When the runway fills up your gunsight, drop speed to around 210 km/h and deploy landing flaps. The good thing is, the I-16 will not pitch up drastically upon using its flaps so you don't need to counter the extra lift. Make sure that you extend landing gears early as they move very slow (takes around 15 seconds to deploy). When you are about to touch down you should be flying at around 140 km/h. You must control your rate of descent (I-16's gears are fragile) and make sure that you are slightly pitching upwards with the nose obstructing the horizon. This way the I-16 should land gently without having to brake for too long. Once you are sliding on the ground, fully deflect your elevators upwards to counter the momentum that can push the nose into the ground. You must release brakes once every 4 seconds, because if you only release them as the nose dips down, it's too late.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

[[Ki-27 otsu|Ki-27]], [[N1K1]], [[He 51 (Family)|He 51]], [[Gladiator (Family)|Gladiator]], etc. - Those commonly seen planes are equally good at turnfights and will be a hard target to down since they are very small and agile. To deal with them you need to practice leading and deflection shots, plus manoeuvres like barrel rolls and scissors. They still need plenty of bullets to get damaged, so these kind of targets are the hardest to kill and requires great skills from the player.

[[He 111 H-6]] - This bomber is not only quite durable, but also pretty fast. In level flight it can outrun the I-16 rather easily. Avoid being on its 6 as it will have at least 2 x 7.92 mm MGs facing its tail, and their rapid rate of fire and good penetration is a big threat. Either go for a head-on or use deflection shooting and aim for its engines. If you cannot keep up with it, disengage. If it flies way higher than you, change your target.

[[Sunderland Mk IIIa]] - This flying boat's huge fuselage is very spacious and can absorb lots of bullets and shells. It also has lethal defensive firepower: two 7.7 mm MGs in the nose, four forward-facing, two on the top and four at the tail, so attacking from behind, in front or above aren't the best options. Dive under it and suddenly pull up to shoot its defenseless underpart. Aim at the engines, avoid shooting the fuselage.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent turning ability- with combat flaps deployed it can out-turn [[He 112 (Family)|He 112]], [[He 100 D-1|He 100]] and even turn fighters like the early [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]]
* Extreme roll rate allows it to do offensive / defensive scissors easily, which is an advantage over [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109]] and [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]] as their roll rate aren't as good
* 4 x ShKAS machine guns have good rate of fire, adequate velocity and accuracy, and plenty of ammo (3,100 rounds total) for longer fights
* Suspended armament provides rockets and bombs which, to an extent, allows some ground attack ability
* Is a very short and small plane, offering the enemy a harder target to hit

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely poor level speed, climb rate, dive acceleration and energy retention- will get outran, out-climbed and out-dived easily by [[Bf 109 E-1|Bf 109 E]], He 100, and sometimes even struggles to keep up with bombers
* Engine tends to overheat when diving at more than 500 km/h
* Control surfaces are unresponsive over 450 km/h
* Flaps are very weak and will break over 250 km/h, severely limiting its sharp-turning potential at higher speeds
* No manual trim controls in Simulator which makes it hard to handle
* Although manoeuvrable, it can still get out-turned by biplanes like [[Ki-10 (Family)|Ki-10]] or [[He 51 (Family)|He-51]]
* Hard to fly in SB -- very unstable in pitch, poor over-the-nose visibility and is prone to enter flat spins

== History ==


On the 7th July 1937, fighting broke out between Chinese and Japanese forces, starting the Second Sino-Japanese War. When the war began the Chinese air force was using many obsolete aircraft such as the [[Hawk III]], which were no match for the Japanese A5M fighters.<ref name="PolikarpovAces">Maslov and Postlethwaite 2013</ref> China rapidly signed the Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact with the USSR, and as part of the agreement the Soviets began Operation Zet to secretly supply China with aircraft and pilots.

Between October 1937 and September 1939 the USSR delivered 885 aircraft (rising to 1,250 by 1941), including 216 Polikarpov I-16s, predominately Type 5s and Type 10s. At first the Soviet pilots would have to fly the aircraft over 1,500 miles across China to get them to their destination of Lanzhou, however this was a risky journey and so future batches of aircraft would be disassembled and transported to Hami (closer to Lanzhou), before final assembly and delivery to Lanzhou.<ref name="PolikarpovAces" /> The first I-16s were delivered in November 1937, however rushed training of the Chinese pilots meant many were lost to crashes. In Chinese service the I-16 became known as the "Lastochka" or "Swallow".<ref name="PolikarpovAces" /> In the early years of the war the I-16 was a capable fighter, however from 1939 onwards its performance was deemed to be lacking in comparison to newer fighters.

A number Chinese aces flew the I-16; among them Lo Ying-Teh who in 1938 shot down Japanese unit leader Lt Ryohei Ushioda's A5M2 in his I-16 type 5. Another ace to fly the I-16 was Liu Chi-Sheng who achieved 3 of his 10 kills while flying the I-16 type 5, along with another shared kill.<ref name="ChinaAces">Cheung and Davey 2015</ref>

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=i-16_type10_china Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/520554-i-16-type-10-17/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[Wikipedia:Polikarpov_I-16|[Wikipedia] Polikarpov I-16]]
* [http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/china_ying-teh.htm Biplane fighter aces China - General Lo Ying-Teh]
* [http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/china_chi-sheng.htm Biplane fighter aces China - Major General Liu Chi-Sheng]
* [http://www.century-of-flight.freeola.com/Aviation%20history/WW2/aces/Liu%20Chi-Sheng.htm Aviation during World War 2 - Major General Liu Chi-Sheng]

=== References ===

;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography

* Cheung, R., & Davey, C. (2015). Aces of the Republic of China Air Force. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing.
* Maslov, M., & Postlethwaite, M. (2013). Polikarpov I-15, I-16 and I-153 Aces. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing.

{{AirManufacturer Polikarpov}}
{{China fighters}}

SB 2M-103U (China)

2023-10-31T09:50:38Z

U157757836: added info

{{About
| about = Chinese bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = SB (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=sb_2m_103u_china
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]]. The Tupolev SB 20-103U is a mid 30's tactical bomber and is used as such in the game to strike bases or ground targets. The SB2m-103u entered service in 1943 but is still used in warthunder. Similar variants of the SB2M can be found on the ussr tree.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 403 || 388 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.0 || 25.7 || 5.8 || 5.8 || rowspan="2" | 366
|-
! Upgraded
| 446 || 423 || 24.0 || 24.2 || 13.0 || 8.9
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 580  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 315 || 309 || 280 || ~4 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 250 || < 300 || < 185 || > 350
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

This aircraft is lightweight compared to its colleagues such as the [[B-34]] or the [[Martin 167-A3|Maryland]]. It only has 6 mm steel behind the pilot and a poor defensive armament. But the fact that it is lightweight allows the plane to be more fast and manoeuvrable than a lot of 2.3 medium bombers. To survive, you don't especially need to fly in formation, you'll just have to make a detour to get away from main combat. The fuel tanks are located in the wings. There are 2 in each wing, and are self-sealing.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|FAB-100sv (100 kg)|FAB-250sv (250 kg)|FAB-500sv (500 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 6 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (600 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg FAB-250sv bombs + 6 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (1,100 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg FAB-250sv bombs (500 kg total)
* 4 x 250 kg FAB-250sv bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg FAB-500sv bombs + 2 x 250 kg FAB-250sv bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 1 x 500 kg FAB-500sv bomb (500 kg total)
* 3 x 500 kg FAB-500sv bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 1 x 500 kg FAB-500sv bomb + 2 x 250 kg FAB-250sv bombs (1,000 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, nose turret (960 rpg = 1,920 total)
* 1 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, dorsal turret (1,920 rpg)
* 1 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, ventral turret (500 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

'''Arcade Battles:'''

This bomber is quite fast for its BR so you should use this as an advantage. For example, you should climb directly at the beginning of the match to 5,000 m and destroy the enemy bases with setup 5 (2 x 250 kg + 2 x 500 kg) which is the heaviest payload you'll have with this plane.

'''Realistic Battles:'''

In Realistic battles you should use the same tactics as in Arcade battles. Note that 2 x 500 kg FAB 500 bombs are enough to destroy a base.

'''Simulator Battles:'''

In Simulator Mode, the general tactic still remains the same as for other bombers: base bombing and airfield bombing. However, unlike later bombers, the SB 2M is very challenging to control in the pitch axis, much like the equally unstable I-16. If you leave the joystick in its deadzone, the plane tends to automatically enter a climb or dive which, if unnoticed, will very likely lead to a stall or crash. Trimming doesn't seem to solve this issue. As you switch to the gunner sight, although you might have enabled the "autopilot when in gunner view" option, it will not always help since the aircraft will still pitch up and down like a ship on waves. Also, when you are changing to the gunner sight, there is a chance that the plane will randomly roll to one side which will make it enter a spin quickly, and you must level it immediately if this happens. Therefore, this plane can be quite frustrating to fly in Simulator.

When bombing airfields, be sure to fly above 2,000 m so the airfield AAA fire cannot hurt you. This is vital as the SB 2M is large and unprotected, its cooling systems are likely to get damaged leading to the engines overheating slowly. You can memorise the locations of each module in an airfield to maximise your damage. The long, visible airstrip is often the easiest target, however damaging other modules can also be very effective. The plane hangars are probably the second easiest since they are also quite visible: a column of big rectangular buildings. They impact the repair and reload speed of enemy aircraft. Other modules include the living quarter which is a series of small tents, and the fuel module which is a series of barrels with towers around.

'''Landing in Simulator''':

The SB 2M has a pair of giant wings lifting its slim fuselage, providing great lift. Though this is good when flying, it can make landing much trickier for new pilots. The abundance of lift when landing will make the plane bounce off the ground and leap into the air again and again, and the falling process can be dangerous. The key is to slow it down more than any other bomber, as well as setting keybinds for "flaps down" and "flaps up" instead of the default "toggle flaps". This way you can use the desired flap position any time and not be limited to landing flaps only. When approaching the airfield, make sure to descend to around 400 m altitude when you are about 2 km away from the start of the runway. Cut throttle if you feel you are a bit too fast, so that when the airstrip occupies around 1/3 of your windscreen you are flying at about 220 km/h. Now deploy landing gears and combat flaps, and push the nose down to counter the extra lift. When you are even lower to the ground, decelerate further to around 160 km/h, use takeoff flaps and push down the nose more. This speed may appear dangerously close to many plane's stall speed, but the SB 2M can still glide quite well at this speed. At the last second before touchdown, decelerate to ~140 km/h and use landing flaps. If you are a bit slower or faster than expected, adjust throttle and flap position accordingly to control your speed. As such, the bomber will be slow enough to gently land without bouncing into the air, but still fast enough to generate adequate lift to ensure a soft landing. Finally, do not constantly hold the brakes. Tap the brake key, release it at once if the bomber's nose starts to dip down.

'''Against the SB 2M (applies to all modes):'''

New fighter and interceptor pilots should be extra careful when dealing with bombers, especially in Simulator since with "full real controls" the plane will manoeuvre much more gently, which makes itself an easy target to lead for the bomber's gunners.

If you are flying an early fighter (e.g. [[He 51 (Family)|He 51]], [[Ki-10-II|Ki-10]], [[F2A (Family)|F2A]], etc) with weak armament (2-4 x 7.7 mm MGs or worse) you should use deflection shots. Imagine yourself as an air-to-air missile, fly on a path that will lead you crashing into the bomber, but adjust a little so that you will end up right behind the bomber instead of actually crashing into it (unless you are out of ammo). As the target passes in front of your guns, open fire. Make sure to engage from the SB 2M's underside, sides, or higher front to avoid its turrets. This way you give the SB 2M's gunners very small windows to lead and fire at you. Given your weak guns, target its critical components like the cockpit, gunners and engines. The pilot is ill-protected and may result in a surprising pilot snipe. Bullets to the engine compartment will either damage the engine or the cooling systems, hindering its speed. The gunners are also unprotected meaning they are easy to take out. With the SB 2M's gunner(s) knocked out, you can safely take your time and spray bullets at it until it dies.

If you are flying an interceptor/heavy fighter with great firepower and/or protection (e.g. [[Do 217 (Family)|Do 217]], [[Ki-45 (Family)|Ki-45]], etc), the most straightforward tactic is to just enter a tail chase behind the SB 2M and comfortably fire bursts at it. The SB 2M's 7.62 mm MGs will struggle to critically damage you. As for the safest tactic, it is still and will always be deflection shooting. A quick and well-placed burst will cripple the SB 2M's components easily. However given that most early-war heavy fighters and interceptors have poor flight characteristics (especially climb rate and energy retention) that limit them from doing manoeuvres to set up deflection shots, a tailchase might end up as the better solution most of the times.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Adequate speed for a bomber, allowing it to get to targets quickly
* Great turn rate allows it to change direction quickly, or to even dodge attacks
* Nice payload allows it to finish off a base in one go, or destroy tanks / pillboxes easily
* Great defensive firepower at the tail (2 x 7.62 mm MGs) with fast rate of fire, good trajectory and plenty of ammo allows it to deal with enemies on its six effectively

'''Cons:'''

* Defensive guns don't cover the belly and the sides well, and are quite light against fighters such as [[Bf 109 E-1]] or [[Ki-61 (Family)|Ki-61]]
* Crew and important parts (e.g. fuel tank, engines, coolers) lack protection, increasing the chance of being pilot-sniped or critically damaged
* In Simulator, it is extremely hard to control. No matter how precisely you trim, it will always automatically pitch up and down. Also when switching to gunner view, it will roll, causing a death spin.

== History ==

The SB2M entered service in 1934 and was used as a bomber in multiple conflicts. Although historically Sino-Russian relations (ROC and USSR at the time) were not good, right after the invasion of Japanese, on 21st August 1937, the Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (中蘇互不侵犯條約) was signed for supplies of weaponry from the Soviet Union; the Tupolev SB bombers were among the equipment received. The first batches of them were received in Lanzhou (蘭州, now the capital of Gansu Province) by the 1st Squadron, National Revolutionary Air Force (later ROCAF); these bombers were used in the first bombing operations against the Japanese in early 1938 along with Soviet Voluntary Air Force on Taipei's Songshan Airfield. There were also later deliveries to the NRAF in 1939 and 1940 which joined some of the major battles against Japanese forces. Spare parts for the SB also became the basis for the "XB-3" (轟研三式轟炸機) domestic design, but structural issues hindered further development.

After the introduction of [[B-25J-30 (China)|B-25]] to NRAF in 1943, the SB bombers were soon phased.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=sb_2m_103u_china Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Martin [[B-10B]]
* [[Martin 139WC]]
* Fiat [[BR.20 DR]]
* [[Martin 167-A3]] Maryland
* Mitsubishi [[Ki-21-Ia]]
* Heinkel [[He 111 H-3]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Tupolev}}
{{China bombers}}

SB 2M-103U (China)

2023-10-31T09:49:02Z

U157757836: i added more information

{{About
| about = Chinese bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = SB (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=sb_2m_103u_china
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]]. The Tupolev SB 20-103U is a mid 30's tactical bomber and is used as such in the game to strike bases or ground targets. The SB2m-103u entered service in 1943 but is still used in warthunder. Similar variants of the SB2M can be found on the ussr tree.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 403 || 388 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.0 || 25.7 || 5.8 || 5.8 || rowspan="2" | 366
|-
! Upgraded
| 446 || 423 || 24.0 || 24.2 || 13.0 || 8.9
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 580  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 315 || 309 || 280 || ~4 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 250 || < 300 || < 185 || > 350
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

This aircraft is lightweight compared to its colleagues such as the [[B-34]] or the [[Martin 167-A3|Maryland]]. It only has 6 mm steel behind the pilot and a poor defensive armament. But the fact that it is lightweight allows the plane to be more fast and manoeuvrable than a lot of 2.3 medium bombers. To survive, you don't especially need to fly in formation, you'll just have to make a detour to get away from main combat. The fuel tanks are located in the wings. There are 2 in each wing, and are self-sealing.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|FAB-100sv (100 kg)|FAB-250sv (250 kg)|FAB-500sv (500 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 6 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (600 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg FAB-250sv bombs + 6 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (1,100 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg FAB-250sv bombs (500 kg total)
* 4 x 250 kg FAB-250sv bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg FAB-500sv bombs + 2 x 250 kg FAB-250sv bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 1 x 500 kg FAB-500sv bomb (500 kg total)
* 3 x 500 kg FAB-500sv bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 1 x 500 kg FAB-500sv bomb + 2 x 250 kg FAB-250sv bombs (1,000 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, nose turret (960 rpg = 1,920 total)
* 1 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, dorsal turret (1,920 rpg)
* 1 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, ventral turret (500 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

'''Arcade Battles:'''

This bomber is quite fast for its BR so you should use this as an advantage. For example, you should climb directly at the beginning of the match to 5,000 m and destroy the enemy bases with setup 5 (2 x 250 kg + 2 x 500 kg) which is the heaviest payload you'll have with this plane.

'''Realistic Battles:'''

In Realistic battles you should use the same tactics as in Arcade battles. Note that 2 x 500 kg FAB 500 bombs are enough to destroy a base.

'''Simulator Battles:'''

In Simulator Mode, the general tactic still remains the same as for other bombers: base bombing and airfield bombing. However, unlike later bombers, the SB 2M is very challenging to control in the pitch axis, much like the equally unstable I-16. If you leave the joystick in its deadzone, the plane tends to automatically enter a climb or dive which, if unnoticed, will very likely lead to a stall or crash. Trimming doesn't seem to solve this issue. As you switch to the gunner sight, although you might have enabled the "autopilot when in gunner view" option, it will not always help since the aircraft will still pitch up and down like a ship on waves. Also, when you are changing to the gunner sight, there is a chance that the plane will randomly roll to one side which will make it enter a spin quickly, and you must level it immediately if this happens. Therefore, this plane can be quite frustrating to fly in Simulator.

When bombing airfields, be sure to fly above 2,000 m so the airfield AAA fire cannot hurt you. This is vital as the SB 2M is large and unprotected, its cooling systems are likely to get damaged leading to the engines overheating slowly. You can memorise the locations of each module in an airfield to maximise your damage. The long, visible airstrip is often the easiest target, however damaging other modules can also be very effective. The plane hangars are probably the second easiest since they are also quite visible: a column of big rectangular buildings. They impact the repair and reload speed of enemy aircraft. Other modules include the living quarter which is a series of small tents, and the fuel module which is a series of barrels with towers around.

'''Landing in Simulator''':

The SB 2M has a pair of giant wings lifting its slim fuselage, providing great lift. Though this is good when flying, it can make landing much trickier for new pilots. The abundance of lift when landing will make the plane bounce off the ground and leap into the air again and again, and the falling process can be dangerous. The key is to slow it down more than any other bomber, as well as setting keybinds for "flaps down" and "flaps up" instead of the default "toggle flaps". This way you can use the desired flap position any time and not be limited to landing flaps only. When approaching the airfield, make sure to descend to around 400 m altitude when you are about 2 km away from the start of the runway. Cut throttle if you feel you are a bit too fast, so that when the airstrip occupies around 1/3 of your windscreen you are flying at about 220 km/h. Now deploy landing gears and combat flaps, and push the nose down to counter the extra lift. When you are even lower to the ground, decelerate further to around 160 km/h, use takeoff flaps and push down the nose more. This speed may appear dangerously close to many plane's stall speed, but the SB 2M can still glide quite well at this speed. At the last second before touchdown, decelerate to ~140 km/h and use landing flaps. If you are a bit slower or faster than expected, adjust throttle and flap position accordingly to control your speed. As such, the bomber will be slow enough to gently land without bouncing into the air, but still fast enough to generate adequate lift to ensure a soft landing. Finally, do not constantly hold the brakes. Tap the brake key, release it at once if the bomber's nose starts to dip down.

'''Against the SB 2M (applies to all modes):'''

New fighter and interceptor pilots should be extra careful when dealing with bombers, especially in Simulator since with "full real controls" the plane will manoeuvre much more gently, which makes itself an easy target to lead for the bomber's gunners.

If you are flying an early fighter (e.g. [[He 51 (Family)|He 51]], [[Ki-10-II|Ki-10]], [[F2A (Family)|F2A]], etc) with weak armament (2-4 x 7.7 mm MGs or worse) you should use deflection shots. Imagine yourself as an air-to-air missile, fly on a path that will lead you crashing into the bomber, but adjust a little so that you will end up right behind the bomber instead of actually crashing into it (unless you are out of ammo). As the target passes in front of your guns, open fire. Make sure to engage from the SB 2M's underside, sides, or higher front to avoid its turrets. This way you give the SB 2M's gunners very small windows to lead and fire at you. Given your weak guns, target its critical components like the cockpit, gunners and engines. The pilot is ill-protected and may result in a surprising pilot snipe. Bullets to the engine compartment will either damage the engine or the cooling systems, hindering its speed. The gunners are also unprotected meaning they are easy to take out. With the SB 2M's gunner(s) knocked out, you can safely take your time and spray bullets at it until it dies.

If you are flying an interceptor/heavy fighter with great firepower and/or protection (e.g. [[Do 217 (Family)|Do 217]], [[Ki-45 (Family)|Ki-45]], etc), the most straightforward tactic is to just enter a tail chase behind the SB 2M and comfortably fire bursts at it. The SB 2M's 7.62 mm MGs will struggle to critically damage you. As for the safest tactic, it is still and will always be deflection shooting. A quick and well-placed burst will cripple the SB 2M's components easily. However given that most early-war heavy fighters and interceptors have poor flight characteristics (especially climb rate and energy retention) that limit them from doing manoeuvres to set up deflection shots, a tailchase might end up as the better solution most of the times.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Adequate speed for a bomber, allowing it to get to targets quickly
* Great turn rate allows it to change direction quickly, or to even dodge attacks
* Nice payload allows it to finish off a base in one go, or destroy tanks / pillboxes easily
* Great defensive firepower at the tail (2 x 7.62 mm MGs) with fast rate of fire, good trajectory and plenty of ammo allows it to deal with enemies on its six effectively

'''Cons:'''

* Defensive guns don't cover the belly and the sides well, and are quite light against fighters such as [[Bf 109 E-1]] or [[Ki-61 (Family)|Ki-61]]
* Crew and important parts (e.g. fuel tank, engines, coolers) lack protection, increasing the chance of being pilot-sniped or critically damaged
* In Simulator, it is extremely hard to control. No matter how precisely you trim, it will always automatically pitch up and down. Also when switching to gunner view, it will roll, causing a death spin.

== History ==

Although historically Sino-Russian relations (ROC and USSR at the time) were not good, right after the invasion of Japanese, on 21st August 1937, the Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (中蘇互不侵犯條約) was signed for supplies of weaponry from the Soviet Union; the Tupolev SB bombers were among the equipment received. The first batches of them were received in Lanzhou (蘭州, now the capital of Gansu Province) by the 1st Squadron, National Revolutionary Air Force (later ROCAF); these bombers were used in the first bombing operations against the Japanese in early 1938 along with Soviet Voluntary Air Force on Taipei's Songshan Airfield. There were also later deliveries to the NRAF in 1939 and 1940 which joined some of the major battles against Japanese forces. Spare parts for the SB also became the basis for the "XB-3" (轟研三式轟炸機) domestic design, but structural issues hindered further development.

After the introduction of [[B-25J-30 (China)|B-25]] to NRAF in 1943, the SB bombers were soon phased.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=sb_2m_103u_china Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Martin [[B-10B]]
* [[Martin 139WC]]
* Fiat [[BR.20 DR]]
* [[Martin 167-A3]] Maryland
* Mitsubishi [[Ki-21-Ia]]
* Heinkel [[He 111 H-3]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Tupolev}}
{{China bombers}}