War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Aichi E13A1

2024-03-14T06:41:38Z

U145394566: Correct typo

{{Specs-Card
|code=aichi_e13a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_E13A1.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''E13A1''', designated as '''Type 0 Reconnaissance Seaplane ({{Annotation|零式水上偵察機|Rei Shiki Suijō Teisatsuki}})''', was a long-range reconnaissance floatplane and was the most numerous seaplane of the IJN. It was developed in response to a naval staff specification issued in 1937 and entered service in 1941. It participated in various missions, including the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Battle of Midway, coastal patrols, strikes against navigation, liaison, officer transports, castaway rescues, and some kamikaze attacks.

It was introduced in [[Update "Winged Lions"]] as a ship-launched reconnaissance aircraft. The E13A1 is a versatile plane that can be launched from ships with catapults. It can perform different roles in combat, such as scouting, bombing, capping, and smoking. Unlike regular planes, it has no ammo options or cockpit views. It has a [[Type 97 navy (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Type 97 machine gun]] for self-defense and 4 x 60 kg bombs for attacking. It can also capture zones and create smoke screens (up to 3 times) to help allies. The E13A1 has more bombs than most scout planes, so it can damage or destroy enemy boats and even destroyers. The best way to use the E13A1 depends on the situation, but it can offer many tactical advantages.

;Nicknames

* IJN Pilot nickname: ''{{Annotation|Reisui|Zero Water}}'' (零水, Abbriviation of {{Annotation|'''零'''式'''水'''上偵察機 ('''Rei''' Shiki '''Sui'''jō Teisatsuki)|Type 0 Reconnaissance Seaplane}}).
* Allied reporting name: ''Jake''.

'''Ships that carry the E13A1'''

* {{Specs-Link|jp_cruiser_agano}}
* {{Specs-Link|jp_cruiser_mogami}}
* {{Specs-Link|jp_battlecruiser_kongo}}
* {{Specs-Link|jp_battlecruiser_haruna}}
* {{Specs-Link|jp_battleship_ise}}

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 401 || 392 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.6 || 18.0 || 11.5 || 11.5 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || > ___
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 4 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (240 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Type 97 navy (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.7 mm Type 97 machine gun, dorsal turret (240 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Aichi}}
{{Ship-launched reconnaissance aircraft}}

Ki-10-II C

2024-02-26T19:58:38Z

U145394566: Correct mistype.

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = Ki-10 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ki_10_2_commander
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

This '''Ki-10-II (Commander)''', designated as '''Type 95 Fighter ({{Annotation|九五式戦闘機|Kyū Go-shiki Sentōki}})''', belongs to the 77th Hiko Sentai (''Air Combat Group''), which was created from the 8th Daitai (''Battalion''). The unit participated in the Second Sino-Japanese War, moving from its original base in Tachiarai, Japan, to various locations in Manchuria and China. Its main task was to support the ground troops in their offensive operations. The 8th Daitai scored several victories against Chinese planes in the early stages of the conflict, but faced more challenges when the Soviets supplied their allies with I-15 and I-16 fighters. Despite being outmatched by these faster and more modern planes, the 8th Daitai continued to use its Ki-10s alongside its limited number of Ki-27s, and even managed to shoot down some Soviet SB-2 and I-16 aircraft. On July 31st, 1938, the 8th Daitai changed its name and structure to become the 77th Sentai. The unit was separated from its maintenance crew and had no subordinate battalions, which gave it more mobility and flexibility to operate from different airfields with local ground support. The 77th Sentai also adopted a distinctive tail marking, consisting of a coloured field on the fin and rudder with thin horizontal white or blue stripes. Inside the field were two stylized arrowheads (sometimes called "seagulls") that looked like sevens on the right side (representing "77"). The colours of the field indicated the Chutai (''Squadron''): blue for headquarters; white for 1st Chutai (with blue stripes and arrows); red for 2nd Chutai; and yellow (with blue stripes and arrows) for 3rd Chutai when it was formed.

It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27. The Ki-10-II C is no longer acquirable in the game but is retained by those who obtained it before its removal. The Ki-10-II has a good turn rate, fair climb, low speed, and minimal armour. It is faster and climbs better than other biplanes, but has weaker guns and protection. The Ki-10-II can turn-fight well at low altitudes, but should avoid stalls and spins. Its 7.7 mm guns have low fire rate and poor belts. Stealth belt is the best choice. The Ki-10 should not attack armoured targets or bombers, but focus on other biplanes or slow monoplanes. Aim for the wings, not the fuselage. Teamwork is essential for the Ki-10.

;Nicknames:

* IJA Pilot Abbreviation: ''Kyū-Go Sen'' (九五戦, "9-5 Fighter")
* Allied reporting name: Perry

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 384 || 377 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 16.4 || 17.1 || 11.1 || 11.1 || rowspan="2" | 232
|-
! Upgraded
| 419 || 402 || 15.8 || 16.0 || 22.0 || 15.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || N/A || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 320 || < 320 || < 320 || > 200
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,500 m || 800 hp || 944 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* No armour plating
* No armour glazing
* All critical components located in front of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)

Like many biplanes before and contemporaries of the {{PAGENAME}}, armour was not an option, survival was based on the pilot's grit. Armour added weight, weight the early biplanes could not afford to carry and still be a viable fighter. Flying in open cockpit and fabric-covered aircraft, the only protection the pilot had was to place his engine between him and his enemy, otherwise, the pilot was vulnerable. Typically aircraft like this have the engine at the nose of the aircraft, followed by the fuel tank and then the cockpit, all three critical components relatively crammed together. The pilot's toolbox had to contain situational awareness as he needed to know where the enemy was around him. Tracer rounds could easily ignite the fabric-covered aircraft or large fuel tanks, so it was imperative the pilot was the attacker, not the one being attacked and knowing where the enemies are at can help avoid getting shot at.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

For such low-rank vehicles the order of research does not really matter. Improvements in firepower by new belts and new machine guns help a lot in arcade battles. For realistic mode, performance upgrades are more often necessary.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 89 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.7 mm Type 89 machine guns, nose-mounted (450 rpg = 900 total)

== Usage in battles ==

The Ki-10-II's low speed and tight turning ability make it a great turn-fighter, like most Japanese light fighters. The Ki-10-II excels at low and slow turn fighting at very low altitudes where enemies cannot out-dive it. Additionally, it has a climb rate to climb away from enemy biplanes. Very fast dives should be avoided, as the wings will shear off at very high speeds. Similarly, turning stalls should be avoided, as the Ki-10-II has a tendency to enter uncontrollable spins.

Its twin 7.7 mm armament is the weakest in the game, as it has a lower fire rate than its contemporaries, the [[ShKAS (7.62 mm)|ShKAS]], [[Browning (7.62 mm)|Browning]], and [[MG 17 (7.92 mm)|MG 17]]. The belts are poor as well; Stealth is most recommended, as it has the most AP-derivative shells. Strafing attacks on all but the least armoured targets are not recommended; Artillery, Vehicles, and Landing Craft are good and soft targets, while the Ki-10-II's weak construction makes attacking AAA and bombers risky. All bombers are pretty much invulnerable to the Ki-10-II (Beaufort, A-26, etc.) unless you are extremely good at making consistent pilot shots. Cargo Ships, Tanks and pillboxes are also invulnerable to the Ki-10-II. Instead, the best Ki-10-II targets are other biplanes or slow monoplanes, such as [[P-26 (Family)|P-26s]], [[Fury Mk I|Fury Mk Is]] or [[Nimrod Mk I|Nimrod Mk Is]]. The best practice is to aim for the wings! The fuselage's of all planes will absorb your shells like a sponge. Like most other planes, the Ki-10-II works best in numbers. Ki-10 pilots should focus primarily on sticking together and working as a team.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great manoeuvrability
* Excellent roll rate
* High climb angle and rate can be used as a tactical advantage
* Excellent vertical manoeuvrability
* Excellent energy retention for a biplane
* Does not get into a spin easily; spin recovery is quick

'''Cons:'''

* Mediocre top speed
* Very slow (horizontally) at best climb speed
* Weak armament
* Weak armour

== History ==

The Kawasaki Ki-10 was the last Biplane fighter used by the Japanese Army. Introduced in 1935, it beat the competing Nakajima Ki-11 (which would later be refined as the [[Ki-27 otsu|Ki-27]]) as the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force placed more priority on manoeuvrability than speed. Its excellent manoeuvrability made it extremely popular with Japanese pilots, who demanded similar high manoeuvrability from newer aircraft. Over the course of its service, the fighter would be refined several times with the ultimate version, the [[Ki-10-II]], appearing in 1937.

The Ki-10 saw service against Chinese air forces in the early stages of the Second Sino-Japanese War and against Soviet air forces during the battles of Khalkhin Gol (where it historically outperformed the Soviet [[I-15 M-22|I-15]]). It formed the backbone of the IJAAF fighter forces until 1940, but it was considered obsolete by Western military experts as early as 1938. By the start of the Pacific War, the Ki-10 had been regulated to training and courier roles, and received the Allied reporting name "Perry".

There are no known incidents where the Ki-10 engaged American- or British-crewed aircraft, though the Japanese fighter did fight Chinese National [[P-26A-33|P-26s]], and may have engaged British-built [[Gladiator_Mk_II|Gladiators]], Italian [[CR.32]]s (predecessor of the [[CR.42]]), and Soviet [[I-15bis|I-15s]], all crewed by Chinese pilots, during the early battles of the war.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Kawasaki Ki-10-II (Type 95-II, Allied reporting name: Perry) single-engine army fighter

The first Ki-10 production fighters began to enter service in December 1935. Military pilots highly appreciated the new fighter's speed and rate of climb. However, Kawasaki soon began to get non-stop requests from troops asking them to improve the machine's horizontal manoeuvrability The predominant opinion in the Japanese aviation industry of that time period was that fighters should first of all meet the requirements of high manoeuvrability for the close-range combats ("dog fights") of World War I. In addition, the Ki-10 was noted to have inadequate longitudinal stability that made accurate aiming and firing more difficult.

In response to these complaints, Takeo Doi presented a new version of the fighter, designated the Ki-10-II, in October 1937.

The new plane had its upper wing span increased to improve manoeuvrability, which resulted in decreased wing load. Also, the tail section of the fuselage was lengthened to extend the empennage, which made the plane more stable.

The designers managed to compensate completely for the increased drag after the plane's production standards were raised and, in particular, the airframe's surface was given a smoother finish. As a result, the Ki-10's manoeuvrability and takeoff/landing characteristics were noticeably improved, even though the plane retained the same engine and other flight performance parameters remained unchanged.

290 Ki-10-II fighters left the Kawasaki factory floor (located in the city of Gifu) during production, up until December 1938, when the machine's production ceased.

The Ki-10-I and the Ki-10-II became the most advanced biplane fighters in Japanese aviation. They took active part in combat operations in the Sino-Japanese War and in the Khalkhyn Gol conflict. Ki-10 aircraft became obsolete by the beginning of the Pacific War, and were mainly used as training machines.

In 1939, a practically undamaged Ki-10-II fighter was captured by the Chinese. This aircraft later appeared in the USSR. The machine was thoroughly studied there, and flight tests were even conducted at the Air Force Research Institute.

Soviet test pilots noted that the Japanese fighter had high production standards and was easy to operate and maintain. It was not difficult to pilot, but its stability was considered inadequate, and its spin characteristics were believed to be poor.

But in general, despite a number of disadvantages, the Ki-10-II was regarded as a very strong air-combat opponent which could fight Soviet I-15 fighters on an equal footing.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ki_10_2_commander Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|PrqqMtZin1U|'''The Shooting Range #48''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:36 discusses the Ki-10.}}

== See also ==


;[[Ki-10 (Family)|Related development]]

* [[Ki-10-I]]
* [[Ki-10-I C|Ki-10-I Commander]] - Command plane of the 1st Sentai
* [[Ki-10-II]]

;Planes of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[He 51 (Family)|He 51]]
* [[I-15 (Family)|I-15]]
* [[Fury (Disambiguation)#Rank I - Aircraft|Fury]]
* [[CR.32 (Family)|CR.32]]
* [[D.37 (Family)|D.371]]

== External links ==


* [https://www.warbirdforum.com/lucky.htm <nowiki>[Warbirdforum.com]</nowiki> Double Lucky? The Campaigns of the 77th Hiko Sentai]
* [http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_kawasaki_ki-10.html <nowiki>[HistoryOfWar.org]</nowiki> Kawasaki Ki-10 'Perry']
* [http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/kawasaki_ki-10.htm <nowiki>[Håkans aviation page]</nowiki> Ki-10]
* [[wikipedia:Kawasaki_Ki-10|[Wikipedia] Kawasaki Ki-10]]

{{AirManufacturer Kawasaki}}
{{Japan fighters}}
[[Category:Hidden vehicles]]

Ki-10-I C

2024-02-26T19:58:15Z

U145394566: Correct mistype.

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = Ki-10 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ki_10_1_commander
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

This '''Ki-10-I (Commander)''', designated as '''Type 95 Fighter ({{Annotation|九五式戦闘機|Kyū Go-shiki Sentōki}})''', was assigned to the 1st Hiko Sentai, which was established on July 5, 1938 as the first flying unit in the Japanese Army Air Force. The 1st Hiko Sentai operated the Ki-10-I until May 1942, when it switched to the Ki-27. The Ki-10-I was then retired to training and secondary missions.

In the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27, the Ki-10-I C performs similarly to the other Ki-10s. It has a good turn rate, fair climb, low speed, and minimal armour. It is faster and climbs better than other biplanes, but has weaker guns and protection. The Ki-10-I can turn-fight well at low altitudes, but should avoid stalls and spins. Its 7.7 mm guns have low fire rate and poor belts. Stealth belt is the best choice. The Ki-10-I should not attack armoured targets or bombers, but focus on other biplanes or slow monoplanes. Aim for the wings, not the fuselage. Teamwork is essential for the Ki-10-I.

;Nicknames:

* IJA Pilot Abbreviation: ''Kyū-Go Sen'' (九五戦, "9-5 Fighter")
* Allied reporting name: Perry

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 386 || 373 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 16.4 || 17.2 || 10.9 || 10.9 || rowspan="2" | 232
|-
! Upgraded
| 422 || 402 || 15.8 || 16.0 || 22.2 || 15.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || N/A || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 280 || < 350 || < 320 || > 190
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,500 m || 800 hp || 944 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* No armour plating
* No armour glazing
* All critical components located in front of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)

Like many biplanes before and contemporaries of the {{PAGENAME}}, armour was not an option, survival was based on the pilot's grit. Armour added weight, weight the early biplanes could not afford to carry and still be a viable fighter. Flying in open cockpit and fabric-covered aircraft, the only protection the pilot had was to place his engine between him and his enemy, otherwise, the pilot was vulnerable. Typically aircraft like this have the engine at the nose of the aircraft, followed by the fuel tank and then the cockpit, all three critical components relatively crammed together. The pilot's toolbox had to contain situational awareness as he needed to know where the enemy was around him. Tracer rounds could easily ignite the fabric-covered aircraft or large fuel tanks, so it was imperative the pilot was the attacker, not the one being attacked and knowing where the enemies are at can help avoid getting shot at.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

For such low-rank vehicles the order of research does not really matter. Improvements in firepower by new belts and new machine guns help a lot in Arcade Battles. For Realistic mode, performance upgrades are more often necessary.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 89 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.7 mm Type 89 machine guns, nose-mounted (450 rpg = 900 total)

== Usage in battles ==

The Ki-10-I's low speed and tight turning ability make it a great turn-fighter, like most Japanese light fighters. The Ki-10-I excels at low and slow turn fighting at very low altitudes where enemies cannot out-dive it. Additionally, it has a climb rate to climb away from enemy biplanes. Very fast dives should be avoided, as the wings will shear off at very high speeds. Similarly, turning stalls should be avoided, as the Ki-10-I has a tendency to enter uncontrollable spins.

Its twin 7.7 mm armament is the weakest in the game, as it has a lower fire rate than its contemporaries, the [[ShKAS (7.62 mm)|ShKAS]], [[Browning (7.62 mm)|Browning]], and [[MG 17 (7.92 mm)|MG 17]]. The belts are poor as well; Stealth is most recommended, as it has the most AP-derivative shells. Strafing attacks on all but the least armoured targets are not recommended; Artillery, Vehicles, and Landing Craft are good and soft targets, while the Ki-10-I's weak construction makes attacking AAA and bombers risky. All bombers are pretty much invulnerable to the Ki-10-I (Beaufort, A-26, etc.) unless you are extremely good at making consistent pilot shots. Cargo Ships, Tanks and pillboxes are also invulnerable to the Ki-10-I. Instead, the best Ki-10-I targets are other biplanes or slow monoplanes, such as [[P-26 (Family)|P-26s]], [[Fury Mk I]]s or [[Nimrod Mk I]]s. The best practice is to aim for the wings! The fuselage's of all planes will absorb your shells like a sponge. Like most other planes, the Ki-10-I works best in numbers. Ki-10 pilots should focus primarily on sticking together and working as a team.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great manoeuvrability
* Low stall speed
* Fast top speed for a biplane
* Good climb rate for a biplane

'''Cons:'''

* Weak armour
* Poor diving ability
* Poor spin characteristics

== History ==

The Kawasaki Ki-10 was the last Biplane fighter used by the Japanese Army. Introduced in 1935, it beat the competing Nakajima Ki-11 (which would later be refined as the [[Ki-27 otsu|Ki-27]]) as the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force placed more priority on manoeuvrability than speed. Its excellent manoeuvrability made it extremely popular with Japanese pilots, who demanded similar high manoeuvrability from newer aircraft. Over the course of its service, the fighter would be refined several times with the ultimate version, the [[Ki-10-II]], appearing in 1937.

The Ki-10 saw service against Chinese air forces in the early stages of the Second Sino-Japanese War and against Soviet air forces during the battles of Khalkhin Gol (where it historically outperformed the Soviet [[I-15 M-22|I-15]]). It formed the backbone of the IJAAF fighter forces until 1940, but it was considered obsolete by Western military experts as early as 1938. By the start of the Pacific War, the Ki-10 had been regulated to training and courier roles, and received the Allied reporting name "Perry".

There are no known incidents where the Ki-10 engaged American- or British-crewed aircraft, though the Japanese fighter did fight Chinese National [[P-26A-33|P-26s]], and may have engaged British-built [[Gladiator Mk II|Gladiators]], Italian [[CR.32]]s, and Soviet [[I-15bis|I-15s]], all crewed by Chinese pilots, during the early battles of the war.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Kawasaki Ki-10-I (Type 95-I, Allied reporting name: Perry) single-engine army fighter

A biplane of composite structure with non-retractable landing gear and an open cockpit. This plane was created in the design bureau of Kawasaki Heavy Industries under the direction of Takeo Doi. While the new fighter was being designed, experience and structural solutions were used from the Ki-5 monoplane fighter developed earlier.

The designers, headed by Takeo Doi, managed to create quite a successful aircraft with good flight performance. The Type 95 fighter got off the ground for the first time in February 1935, and it reached a maximum speed of 400 km/h during tests. At the time, this was probably the fastest speed attainable by a biplane.

The aircraft was launched into full-scale production under the designation of "Army Fighter Type 95 Model 1" (Ki-10-I). A total of 300 fighters of this variant were supplied by the Kawasaki company from December 1935 to October 1937.

The aircraft was equipped with a 850 hp Kawasaki Ha-9-IIa twelve-cylinder, double-row, liquid-cooled engine that featured a gear-driven centrifugal-type supercharger and a three-bladed, controllable-pitch metal propeller. The engine itself was a licensed version of the German BMW9.

The Ki-10's fuselage was a semi-monocoque with stressed duralumin skin panels overlapping each other. This technology made assembly easier, but the joints had to be puttied and covered with a thick layer of paint and lacquer to reduce friction resistance. As a result, the external finish was so thick that one could not see any of the duralumin sheets' joints, even when standing quite close.

All of these machines were produced with drop-shaped wheel fairings, but these were usually removed when the plane was operated on temporary airfields.

The plane's armament consisted of two synchronous 7.7 mm Type 89 (Vickers system, heavily upgraded) machine guns with 450 rounds each. These guns were mounted over the engine. The trigger button was placed in a very original location, not on the aircraft control stick but on the throttle.

The aircraft's instrumentation and on-board navigation lights enabled the Ki-10 to perform night flights. Provision was made for the installation of an oxygen apparatus. Command vehicles were equipped with radio sets. Externally, these fighters could be identified by the radio antennas mounted over their biplane cellules.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ki_10_1_commander Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|PrqqMtZin1U|'''The Shooting Range #48''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:36 discusses the Ki-10.}}

== See also ==


;[[Ki-10 (Family)|Related development]]

* [[Ki-10-I]]
* [[Ki-10-II]]
* [[Ki-10-II C|Ki-10-II Commander]] - Command plane of the 77th Sentai

;Planes of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[He 51 (Family)|He 51]]
* [[I-15 (Family)|I-15]]
* [[Fury (Disambiguation)#Rank I - Aircraft|Fury]]
* [[CR.32 (Family)|CR.32]]
* [[D.37 (Family)|D.371]]

== External links ==


* [http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_kawasaki_ki-10.html <nowiki>[HistoryOfWar.org]</nowiki> Kawasaki Ki-10 'Perry']
* [http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/kawasaki_ki-10.htm <nowiki>[Håkans aviation page]</nowiki> Ki-10]
* [[wikipedia:Kawasaki_Ki-10|[Wikipedia] Kawasaki Ki-10]]

{{AirManufacturer Kawasaki}}
{{Japan fighters}}

Ki-10-II

2024-02-26T19:57:27Z

U145394566: Correct mistype.

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Ki-10 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ki_10_2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''', designated as '''Type 95 Fighter ({{Annotation|九五式戦闘機|Kyū Go-shiki Sentōki}})''', was an upgrade of the [[Ki-10-I]] with a stronger engine, a new cowling, a bigger rudder, and a stronger landing gear, making it faster, more agile, and more stable. The new engine increased the speed from 400 km/h (249 mph) to 430 km/h (267 mph) and the climb rate from 11.7 m/s (2,300 ft/min) to 13.3 m/s (2,620 ft/min). The cowling, rudder, landing gear, and wings were modified to fit the new engine and improve performance.

In the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27, the Ki-10-II plays very similarly to the preceding [[Ki-10-I]]. It has a good turn rate, fair climb, low speed, and minimal armour. It is faster and climbs better than other biplanes, but has weaker guns and protection. The Ki-10-II can turn-fight well at low altitudes, but should avoid stalls and spins. Its 7.7 mm guns have low fire rate and poor belts. Stealth belt is the best choice. The Ki-10-II should not attack armoured targets or bombers, but focus on other biplanes or slow monoplanes. Aim for the wings, not the fuselage. Teamwork is essential for the Ki-10-I.

;Nicknames:

* IJA Pilot Abbreviation: ''Kyū-Go Sen'' (九五戦, "9-5 Fighter")
* Allied reporting name: Perry

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 384 || 377 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 16.4 || 17.1 || 11.1 || 11.1 || rowspan="2" | 232
|-
! Upgraded
| 419 || 402 || 15.8 || 16.0 || 22.0 || 15.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || N/A || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 280 || < 350 || < 320 || > 190
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,500 m || 800 hp || 944 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* No armour plating
* No armour glazing
* All critical components located in front of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)

Like many biplanes before and contemporaries of the {{PAGENAME}}, armour was not an option, survival was based on the pilot's grit. Armour added weight, weight the early biplanes could not afford to carry and still be a viable fighter. Flying in open cockpit and fabric-covered aircraft, the only protection the pilot had was to place his engine between him and his enemy, otherwise, the pilot was vulnerable. Typically aircraft like this have the engine at the nose of the aircraft, followed by the fuel tank and then the cockpit, all three critical components relatively crammed together. The pilot's toolbox had to contain situational awareness as he needed to know where the enemy was around him. Tracer rounds could easily ignite the fabric-covered aircraft or large fuel tanks, so it was imperative the pilot was the attacker, not the one being attacked and knowing where the enemies are at can help avoid getting shot at.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 89 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.7 mm Type 89 machine guns, nose-mounted (450 rpg = 900 total)

== Usage in battles ==

The Ki-10-II's low speed and tight turning ability make it a great turn-fighter, like most Japanese light fighters. The Ki-10-II excels at low and slow turn fighting at very low altitudes where enemies cannot out-dive it. Additionally, it has a climb rate to climb away from enemy biplanes. Very fast dives should be avoided, as the wings will shear off at very high speeds. Similarly, turning stalls should be avoided, as the Ki-10-II has a tendency to enter uncontrollable spins.

Its twin 7.7 mm armament is the weakest in the game, as it has a lower fire rate than its contemporaries, the [[ShKAS (7.62 mm)|ShKAS]], [[Browning (7.62 mm)|Browning]], and [[MG 17 (7.92 mm)|MG 17]]. The belts are poor as well; Stealth is most recommended, as it has the most AP-derivative shells. Strafing attacks on all but the least armoured targets are not recommended; Artillery, Vehicles, and Landing Craft are good and soft targets, while the Ki-10-II's weak construction makes attacking AAA and bombers risky. All bombers are pretty much invulnerable to the Ki-10-II (Beaufort, A-26, etc.) unless you are extremely good at making consistent pilot shots. Cargo Ships, Tanks and pillboxes are also invulnerable to the Ki-10-II. Instead, the best Ki-10-II targets are other biplanes or slow monoplanes, such as [[P-26 (Family)|P-26s]], [[Fury Mk I]]s or [[Nimrod Mk I]]s. The best practice is to aim for the wings! The fuselage's of all planes will absorb your shells like a sponge. Like most other planes, the Ki-10-II works best in numbers. Ki-10 pilots should focus primarily on sticking together and working as a team.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good manoeuvrability
* Low stall speed
* Decent top speed
* Great climb rate
* Great roll rate

'''Cons:'''

* Weak armour
* Poor diving ability
* Poor spin characteristics
* Poor high-alt performance
* Abysmal armament
* Wings are terribly weak

== History ==

The Kawasaki Ki-10 was the last Biplane fighter used by the Japanese Army. Introduced in 1935, it beat the competing Nakajima Ki-11 (which would later be refined as the [[Ki-27 otsu|Ki-27]]) as the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force placed more priority on manoeuvrability than speed. Its excellent manoeuvrability made it extremely popular with Japanese pilots, who demanded similar high manoeuvrability from newer aircraft. Over the course of its service, the fighter would be refined several times with the ultimate version, the [[Ki-10-II]], appearing in 1937.

The Ki-10 saw service against Chinese air forces in the early stages of the Second Sino-Japanese War and against Soviet air forces during the battles of Khalkhin Gol (where it historically outperformed the Soviet [[I-15 M-22|I-15]]). It formed the backbone of the IJAAF fighter forces until 1940, but it was considered obsolete by Western military experts as early as 1938. By the start of the Pacific War, the Ki-10 had been regulated to training and courier roles, and received the Allied reporting name "Perry".

There are no known incidents where the Ki-10 engaged American- or British-crewed aircraft, though the Japanese fighter did fight Chinese National [[P-26A-33|P-26s]], and may have engaged British-built [[Gladiator Mk II|Gladiators]], Italian [[CR.32]]s, and Soviet [[I-15bis|I-15s]], all crewed by Chinese pilots, during the early battles of the war.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Kawasaki Ki-10-II (Type 95-II, Allied reporting name: Perry) single-engine army fighter

The first Ki-10 production fighters began to enter service in December 1935. Military pilots highly appreciated the new fighter's speed and rate of climb. However, Kawasaki soon began to get non-stop requests from troops asking them to improve the machine's horizontal manoeuvrability The predominant opinion in the Japanese aviation industry of that time period was that fighters should first of all meet the requirements of high manoeuvrability for the close-range combats ("dog fights") of World War I. In addition, the Ki-10 was noted to have inadequate longitudinal stability that made accurate aiming and firing more difficult.

In response to these complaints, Takeo Doi presented a new version of the fighter, designated the Ki-10-II, in October 1937.

The new plane had its upper wing span increased to improve manoeuvrability, which resulted in decreased wing load. Also, the tail section of the fuselage was lengthened to extend the empennage, which made the plane more stable.

The designers managed to compensate completely for the increased drag after the plane's production standards were raised and, in particular, the airframe's surface was given a smoother finish. As a result, the Ki-10's manoeuvrability and takeoff/landing characteristics were noticeably improved, even though the plane retained the same engine and other flight performance parameters remained unchanged.

290 Ki-10-II fighters left the Kawasaki factory floor (located in the city of Gifu) during production, up until December 1938, when the machine's production ceased.

The Ki-10-I and the Ki-10-II became the most advanced biplane fighters in Japanese aviation. They took active part in combat operations in the Sino-Japanese War and in the Khalkhyn Gol conflict. Ki-10 aircraft became obsolete by the beginning of the Pacific War, and were mainly used as training machines.

In 1939, a practically undamaged Ki-10-II fighter was captured by the Chinese. This aircraft later appeared in the USSR. The machine was thoroughly studied there, and flight tests were even conducted at the Air Force Research Institute.

Soviet test pilots noted that the Japanese fighter had high production standards and was easy to operate and maintain. It was not difficult to pilot, but its stability was considered inadequate, and its spin characteristics were believed to be poor.

But in general, despite a number of disadvantages, the Ki-10-II was regarded as a very strong air-combat opponent which could fight Soviet I-15 fighters on an equal footing.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ki_10_2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|PrqqMtZin1U|'''The Shooting Range #48''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:36 discusses the Ki-10.|rpp-GqXiaKg|'''The Shooting Range #214''' - ''Air Triathlon'' section at 09:59 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;[[Ki-10 (Family)|Related development]]

* [[Ki-10-I]]
* [[Ki-10-I C|Ki-10-I Commander]] - Command plane of the 1st Sentai
* [[Ki-10-II C|Ki-10-II Commander]] - Command plane of the 77th Sentai

;Planes of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[I-15 (Family)|I-15]]
* [[He 51 (Family)|He 51]]
* [[CR.32 (Family)|CR.32]]
* [[D.37 (Family)|D.371]]
* [[Fury (Disambiguation)#Rank I - Aircraft|Fury]]

== External links ==


* [http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_kawasaki_ki-10.html <nowiki>[HistoryOfWar.org]</nowiki> Kawasaki Ki-10 'Perry']
* [http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/kawasaki_ki-10.htm <nowiki>[Håkans aviation page]</nowiki> Ki-10]
* [[wikipedia:Kawasaki_Ki-10|[Wikipedia] Kawasaki Ki-10]]

{{AirManufacturer Kawasaki}}
{{Japan fighters}}

Ki-10-I

2024-02-26T19:56:33Z

U145394566: Correct mistype.

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Ki-10 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ki_10_1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''', designated as '''Type 95 Fighter ({{Annotation|九五式戦闘機|Kyū Go-shiki Sentōki}})''', was a biplane fighter aircraft developed by Kawasaki for the Imperial Japanese Army in the mid-1930s. It was designed by Takeo Doi, who had succeeded the German Richard Vogt as chief designer for Kawasaki. The Ki-10 was the winner of the contract against Nakajima's Ki-11, a low-wing monoplane, as the Army preferred the more manoeuvrable biplane. The Ki-10 had a metal structure covered with fabric, a liquid-cooled V-12 engine, and two 7.7 mm machine guns. The Ki-10 entered service in 1937 and saw combat in Manchukuo, North China, and Southeast Asia during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the early stages of World War II. It was the last biplane fighter used by the Japanese Army, and was gradually replaced by more advanced monoplane fighters such as the Ki-27, Ki-43, and Ki-44.

In the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27, the Ki-10-I has a good turn rate, fair climb, low speed, and minimal armour. It is faster and climbs better than other biplanes, but has weaker guns and protection. The Ki-10-I can turn-fight well at low altitudes, but should avoid stalls and spins. Its 7.7 mm guns have low fire rate and poor belts. Stealth belt is the best choice. The Ki-10-I should not attack armoured targets or bombers, but focus on other biplanes or slow monoplanes. Aim for the wings, not the fuselage. Teamwork is essential for the Ki-10-I.

;Nicknames:

* IJA Pilot Abbreviation: ''Kyū-Go Sen'' (九五戦, "9-5 Fighter")
* Allied reporting name: Perry

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 386 || 373 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 16.4 || 17.2 || 10.9 || 10.9 || rowspan="2" | 232
|-
! Upgraded
| 422 || 402 || 15.8 || 16.0 || 22.2 || 15.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || N/A || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 280 || < 350 || < 320 || > 190
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,500 m || 800 hp || 944 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* No armour plating
* No armour glazing
* All critical components located in front of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)

Like many biplanes before and contemporaries of the {{PAGENAME}}, armour was not an option, survival was based on the pilot's grit. Armour added weight, weight the early biplanes could not afford to carry and still be a viable fighter. Flying in open cockpit and fabric-covered aircraft, the only protection the pilot had was to place his engine between him and his enemy, otherwise, the pilot was vulnerable. Typically aircraft like this have the engine at the nose of the aircraft, followed by the fuel tank and then the cockpit, all three critical components relatively crammed together. The pilot's toolbox had to contain situational awareness as he needed to know where the enemy was around him. Tracer rounds could easily ignite the fabric-covered aircraft or large fuel tanks, so it was imperative the pilot was the attacker, not the one being attacked and knowing where the enemies are at can help avoid getting shot at.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

For such low tier vehicles the order of research does not really matter. Improvements in firepower by new belts and new machine guns help a lot in arcade battles. For realistic mode, performance upgrades are more often necessary.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 89 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.7 mm Type 89 machine guns, nose-mounted (450 rpg = 900 total)

== Usage in battles ==

The Ki-10-I's low speed and tight turning ability make it a great turn-fighter, like most Japanese light fighters. The Ki-10-I excels at low and slow turn fighting at very low altitudes where enemies cannot out-dive it. Additionally, it has a climb rate to climb away from enemy biplanes. Very fast dives should be avoided, as the wings will shear off at very high speeds. Similarly, turning stalls should be avoided, as the Ki-10-I has a tendency to enter uncontrollable spins.

Its twin 7.7 mm armament is the weakest in the game, as it has a lower fire rate than its contemporaries, the [[ShKAS (7.62 mm)|ShKAS]], [[Browning (7.62 mm)|Browning]], and [[MG 17 (7.92 mm)|MG 17]]. The belts are poor as well; Stealth is most recommended, as it has the most AP-derivative shells. Strafing attacks on all but the least armoured targets are not recommended; Artillery, Vehicles, and Landing Craft are good and soft targets, while the Ki-10-I's weak construction makes attacking AAA and bombers risky. All bombers are pretty much invulnerable to the Ki-10-I (Beaufort, A-26, etc.) unless you are extremely good at making consistent pilot shots. Cargo Ships, Tanks and pillboxes are also invulnerable to the Ki-10-II. Instead, the best Ki-10-I targets are other biplanes or slow monoplanes, such as [[P-26 (Family)|P-26s]], [[Fury Mk I|Fury Mk Is]] or [[Nimrod Mk I|Nimrod Mk Is]]. The best practice is to aim for the wings! The fuselage's of all planes will absorb your shells like a sponge. Like most other planes, the Ki-10-I works best in numbers. Ki-10 pilots should focus primarily on sticking together and working as a team.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good manoeuvrability
* Low stall speed
* Fast top speed (for a biplane)
* Great climb rate (for a biplane or monoplane)
* Great roll rate

'''Cons:'''

* Weak armour
* Poor diving ability
* Poor spin characteristics
* Poor high-alt performance
* Abysmal armament
* Wings are terribly weak
* Poor brakes

== History ==

The Kawasaki Ki-10 was the last Biplane fighter used by the Japanese Army. Introduced in 1935, it beat the competing Nakajima Ki-11 (which would later be refined as the [[Ki-27 otsu|Ki-27]]) as the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force placed more priority on manoeuvrability than speed. Its excellent manoeuvrability made it extremely popular with Japanese pilots, who demanded similar high manoeuvrability from newer aircraft. Over the course of its service, the fighter would be refined several times with the ultimate version, the [[Ki-10-II]], appearing in 1937.

The Ki-10 saw service against Chinese air forces in the early stages of the Second Sino-Japanese War and against Soviet air forces during the battles of Khalkhin Gol (where it historically outperformed the Soviet [[I-15 M-22|I-15]]). It formed the backbone of the IJAAF fighter forces until 1940, but it was considered obsolete by Western military experts as early as 1938. By the start of the Pacific War, the Ki-10 had been relegated to training and courier roles, and received the Allied reporting name "Perry".

There are no known incidents where the Ki-10 engaged American- or British-crewed aircraft, though the Japanese fighter did fight Chinese National [[P-26A-33|P-26s]], and may have engaged British-built [[Gladiator Mk II|Gladiators]], Italian [[CR.32]]s, and Soviet [[I-15bis|I-15s]], all crewed by Chinese pilots, during the early battles of the war.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Kawasaki Ki-10-I (Type 95-I, Allied reporting name: Perry) single-engine army fighter

A biplane of composite structure with non-retractable landing gear and an open cockpit. This plane was created in the design bureau of Kawasaki Heavy Industries under the direction of Takeo Doi. While the new fighter was being designed, experience and structural solutions were used from the Ki-5 monoplane fighter developed earlier.

The designers, headed by Takeo Doi, managed to create quite a successful aircraft with good flight performance. The Type 95 fighter got off the ground for the first time in February 1935, and it reached a maximum speed of 400 km/h during tests. At the time, this was probably the fastest speed attainable by a biplane.

The aircraft was launched into full-scale production under the designation of "Army Fighter Type 95 Model 1" (Ki-10-I). A total of 300 fighters of this variant were supplied by the Kawasaki company from December 1935 to October 1937.

The aircraft was equipped with a 850 hp Kawasaki Ha-9-IIa twelve-cylinder, double-row, liquid-cooled engine that featured a gear-driven centrifugal-type supercharger and a three-bladed, controllable-pitch metal propeller. The engine itself was a licensed version of the German BMW9.

The Ki-10's fuselage was a semi-monocoque with stressed duralumin skin panels overlapping each other. This technology made assembly easier, but the joints had to be puttied and covered with a thick layer of paint and lacquer to reduce friction resistance. As a result, the external finish was so thick that one could not see any of the duralumin sheets' joints, even when standing quite close.

All of these machines were produced with drop-shaped wheel fairings, but these were usually removed when the plane was operated on temporary airfields.

The plane's armament consisted of two synchronous 7.7 mm Type 89 (Vickers system, heavily upgraded) machine guns with 450 rounds each. These guns were mounted over the engine. The trigger button was placed in a very original location, not on the aircraft control stick but on the throttle.

The aircraft's instrumentation and on-board navigation lights enabled the Ki-10 to perform night flights. Provision was made for the installation of an oxygen apparatus. Command vehicles were equipped with radio sets. Externally, these fighters could be identified by the radio antennas mounted over their biplane cellules.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ki_10_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|PrqqMtZin1U|'''The Shooting Range #48''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:36 discusses the Ki-10.}}

== See also ==


;[[Ki-10 (Family)|Related development]]

* [[Ki-10-I C|Ki-10-I Commander]] - Command plane of the 1st Sentai
* [[Ki-10-II]]
* [[Ki-10-II C|Ki-10-II Commander]] - Command plane of the 77th Sentai

;Planes of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[I-15 (Family)|I-15]]
* [[He 51 (Family)|He 51]]
* [[CR.32 (Family)|CR.32]]
* [[D.37 (Family)|D.371]]
* [[Fury (Disambiguation)#Rank I - Aircraft|Fury]]

== External links ==


* [http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_kawasaki_ki-10.html <nowiki>[HistoryOfWar.org]</nowiki> Kawasaki Ki-10 'Perry']
* [http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/kawasaki_ki-10.htm <nowiki>[Håkans aviation page]</nowiki> Ki-10]
* [[wikipedia:Kawasaki_Ki-10|[Wikipedia] Kawasaki Ki-10]]

{{AirManufacturer Kawasaki}}
{{Japan fighters}}

Aichi E13A1

2024-02-01T21:28:04Z

U145394566: Correct mistype.

{{Specs-Card
|code=aichi_e13a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_E13A1.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''E13A1''', designated as '''Type 0 Reconnaissance Seaplane ({{Annotation|零式水上偵察機|Rei Shiki Minakami Teisatsu-ki}})''', was a long-range reconnaissance floatplane and was the most numerous seaplane of the IJN. It was developed in response to a naval staff specification issued in 1937 and entered service in 1941. It participated in various missions, including the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Battle of Midway, coastal patrols, strikes against navigation, liaison, officer transports, castaway rescues, and some kamikaze attacks.

It was introduced in [[Update "Winged Lions"]] as a ship-launched reconnaissance aircraft. The E13A1 is a versatile plane that can be launched from ships with catapults. It can perform different roles in combat, such as scouting, bombing, capping, and smoking. Unlike regular planes, it has no ammo options or cockpit views. It has a [[Type 97 navy (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Type 97 machine gun]] for self-defense and 4 x 60 kg bombs for attacking. It can also capture zones and create smoke screens (up to 3 times) to help allies. The E13A1 has more bombs than most scout planes, so it can damage or destroy enemy boats and even destroyers. The best way to use the E13A1 depends on the situation, but it can offer many tactical advantages.

;Nicknames

* IJN Pilot nickname: ''{{Annotation|Reisui|Zero Water}}'' (零水, Abbriviation of {{Annotation|'''零'''式'''水'''上偵察機 ('''Rei''' Shiki '''Sui'''jō Teisatsuki)|Type 0 Reconnaissance Seaplane}}).
* Allied reporting name: ''Jake''.

'''Ships that carry the E13A1'''

* {{Specs-Link|jp_cruiser_agano}}
* {{Specs-Link|jp_cruiser_mogami}}
* {{Specs-Link|jp_battlecruiser_kongo}}
* {{Specs-Link|jp_battlecruiser_haruna}}
* {{Specs-Link|jp_battleship_ise}}

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 401 || 392 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.6 || 18.0 || 11.5 || 11.5 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || > ___
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 4 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (240 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Type 97 navy (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.7 mm Type 97 machine gun, dorsal turret (240 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Aichi}}
{{Ship-launched reconnaissance aircraft}}

E8N2

2024-02-01T21:19:44Z

U145394566: Correct mistype.

{{Specs-Card
|code=e8n2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''', designated as '''Type 95 Reconnaissance Seaplane ({{Annotation|九五式水上偵察機|Kyū Go Shiki Suijō Teisatsuki}})''' was a ship-borne, catapult-launched, reconnaissance seaplane used by Japan in the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Pacific War. It was deployed on various capital ships, cruisers, and seaplane tenders, and performed reconnaissance, dive-bombing, and artillery spotting missions. The E8N2 variant had a more powerful Nakajima Kotobuki Kai 2 engine of 630 hp over the earlier E8N1.

It was introduced in [[Update "Winged Lions"]] as a ship-launched reconnaissance aircraft.

;Nicknames

* Allied reporting name: ''Dave''.

'''Ships that carry the {{PAGENAME}}'''

* [[IJN Suzuya]]

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 397 || 389 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.9 || 18.7 || 10.6 || 10.6 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || > ___
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 97 navy (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 7.7 mm Type 97 navy machine gun, nose-mounted (500 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 2 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (120 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Type 92 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.7 mm Type 92 machine gun, dorsal turret (679 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Nakajima}}
{{Ship-launched reconnaissance aircraft}}