War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

FIM-92 Stinger

2024-09-16T13:13:44Z

U137489937: /* Effective damage */

[[File:Weapon FIM-92 Stinger.png|thumb|right|x250px|The FIM-92K missile after being launched from a Ozelot.]]

== Description ==

The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is an American infrared homing surface-to-air missile. It exists in two variants: FIM-92E and FIM-92K, and was introduced in [[Update "Wind of Change"]]. It is also known as the "'''Fliegerfaust 2 Stinger'''" in German service. The Stinger is what is commonly known as a MANPADS missile - short for MAN-Portable Air Defense System - and was developed to be portable and self-reliant. As such, the missile comes equipped with an Infra-Red Counter-Countermeasure (IRCCM) seeker, meaning it can reject enemy flares with devastating accuracy and home in straight towards an enemy aircraft. While lacking in range compared to larger, bulkier SAM systems such as the [[Tor-M1]] or [[ADATS]], the significantly more discreet hulls and moderate range of 6 km means just as in real life these missiles can pose a threat at a moment's notice.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|germ_flakpz_1a2_Gepard}}
* {{Specs-Link|us_lav_ad}}
* {{Specs-Link|il_machbet}}
* {{Specs-Link|germ_wiesel_2_adwc}}

== General info ==


The FIM-92E and 92K are identical outside of the 92K having a proximity fuse of 1 meter, noticeably increasing its lethality in cases of near misses.

{| class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | FIM-92E characteristics
|-
| '''Calibre''' || 70 mm
|-
| '''Mass''' || 10.1 kg
|-
| '''Guidance''' || IR
|-
| '''IRCCM''' || Yes
|-
| '''Aspect''' || All-Aspects
|-
| '''Lock range in rear-aspect''' || 11 km (6.84 mi)
|-
| '''Lock range in all-aspects''' || 6 km (3.73 mi)
|-
| '''Launch range''' || 5 km (3.11 mi)
|-
| '''Maximum speed''' || 670 m/s
|-
| '''Maximum overload''' || 13 G
|-
| '''Missile guidance time''' || 15 secs
|-
| '''Explosive mass''' || 540 g TNTe
|-
| '''Fuze delay''' || 1 m
|-
| '''Fuze Sensitivity''' || 0.1 mm
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | FIM-92K characteristics
|-
| '''Calibre''' || 70 mm
|-
| '''Mass''' || 10.1 kg
|-
| '''Guidance''' || IR
|-
| '''IRCCM''' || Yes
|-
| '''Aspect''' || All-Aspects
|-
| '''Lock range in rear-aspect''' || 11 km (6.84 mi)
|-
| '''Lock range in all-aspects''' || 6 km (3.73 mi)
|-
| '''Launch range''' || 5 km (3.11 mi)
|-
| '''Maximum speed''' ||670 m/s
|-
| '''Maximum overload''' || 13 G
|-
| '''Missile guidance time''' || 15 secs
|-
| '''Explosive mass''' || 540 g TNTe
|-
| '''Fuze delay''' || 1 m
|-
| '''Fuze Sensitivity''' || 0.1 mm
|-
| '''Trigger Radius''' || 1 m
|}

=== Effective damage ===

The Stinger produces somewhat low shrapnel, This is not to say the missile lacks lethality as some people like to claim, but as it is a man-portable missile its warhead simply isn't as large as conventional SAMs. A hit will usually prove fatal to almost all aircraft, but more resilient aircraft such as the [[Su-25 (Family)]] may occasionally survive a direct hit. It is however to be noted that often when a Su-25 is hit the aircraft itself may ''seem'' fine, but usually suffers irreparable damage to the control wires or fuel tanks in the process, so regardless of any situation firing off more than 2 Stingers at any aircraft is inadvisable.
=== Comparison with analogues ===

The Stinger is similar to its contemporaries which include but are not limited to the [[9M39 Igla | 9M39]], [[Type 91]], and [[Mistral SATCP | Mistral]] MANPADS class missiles. The 9M39 is roughly equivalent to the Stinger with a similar explosive warhead content and no proximity fuse like the FIM-92E, flying at a slightly slower speed and with a worse all aspect lock range, whereas the Mistral is closer to being a direct upgrade instead with more Gs pulled, a faster firing speed and a warhead with three times more filler. All in all, the Stinger is adequately balanced between practicality and efficiency.
== Usage in battles ==

Stingers are best used when an enemy plane is further away than gun range but is still causing you problems. Within an approximately 6 kilometer bubble around your vehicle, a Stinger launched with reasonable margins to the enemy will score a direct hit so long as the enemy does not actively dodge the missile. It is preferable that the missile is launched front aspect when it comes to maneuverability as it is more tricky to dodge a front aspect 10G missile than it is a rear aspect one - but it is also to be noted that this gives the enemy a chance to react. A good use for Stingers is to wait for an enemy aircraft to make a swooping pass, and then shoot the missile at the six of said enemy who will usually only be focusing on gaining some distance between the anti-aircraft systems and themselves. When doing this, it is also helpful to lead the missile - Stingers only pull in the low 10s of Gs, and as such giving the missile a figurative boost can and will often be the difference between a hit and a miss.

Against enemy rotary aviation the Stinger struggles more, unfortunately. The lack of an electro-optical track like its Strela contemporary means that if the seeker fails to see the helicopter you may be stuck staring at a helicopter 3 kilometers away leisurely taking care of your teammates with an unresponsive missile. In this case, it is advisable to try and get closer if possible, or to avoid areas with terrain clutter to reduce the chances of an unsuccessful lock.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fire-and-forget
* IRCCM makes it highly resistant to flares once launched
* K variant has a proximity fuse

'''Cons:'''

* Low overload of only 13 G sees that the missile is defeated by most defensive manoeuvres
* 6 km all aspect range is outranged by some AGMs
* Low accuracy within 1 mi (1.61 km)
* Small Warhead
* Low Missile Guidance Time (15s)

== History ==


===Stinger Development===
In the 1960s, the US military's standard man-portable air-defense system (MANPADS) was the FIM-43 Redeye, a missile launcher developed by Convair/Ponoma. However, the Redeye missiles were deemed to be too slow, unmanoeuverable, and could not distinguish its target source well enough to be an effective anti-aircraft weapon.<ref name="FAS_Stinger">Pike and Sherman 2000</ref> A program for an improved missile was launched in 1967, titled Redeye II. This new missile program was part of the Advanced Sensor Development Program, which sought to give the man-portable missile an all-aspect seeking capability. By 1971, Redeye II was chosen as the next standard MANPADS missile, and was given the designation FIM-92. The name of the program was eventually changed in March 1972 into the '''Stinger'''.<ref name="DS_Stinger">Parsch 2005</ref>
[[File:Sergeant shoulders the first Stinger to come off the production line.jpg|x250px|thumb|left|none|A US Army Sergeant shoulders a FIM-92 Stinger.]]

The contract to develop the missiles went to General Dynamics in June 1972.<ref name="FAS_Stinger" /> The first tests with the missiles began in November 1973, though technical problems caused delays that the first missile was only fired shoulder-launched in 1975.<ref name="DS_Stinger" /> The Stinger Production Qualification Test-Government (PQT-G) began in April 1976.<ref name="AT_Stinger">Army Technology "Stinger Man-Portable Air Defence System (MANPADS)"</ref> The PQT-G concluded in 1977, and resulted in a mass production contract in April 1978 for General Dynamics to produce the FIM-92A Stinger missiles. The missiles reached the US military, where the Stinger missiles reached IOC (Initial Operational Capability) status in February 1981, resulting in the Stinger's steady replacement of all other MANPADS in service. The basic model, the FIM-92A, featured a cooled conical-scan IR seeker that allowed all-aspect acquisition and homing abilities as well as a AN/PPX-1 Identification, Friend or Foe (IFF) system.<ref name="FAS_Stinger" />

Improvements into the FIM-92 stingers led to succeeding variants. The FIM-92B started development in 1977. It is also known as Stinger-POST (Passive Optical Seeker Technique) and featured an improved IR/UV seeker to better distinguish countermeasures. The next version, the FIM-92C began development in 1984 and was named as Stinger-RMP (Reprogrammable MicroProcessor). Introducing a new microprocessor that was reprogrammable, the Stinger-RMP allowed the Stinger platform to adapt to new threats and countermeasures without requiring a new missile design. The Stinger-RMP became the basis of the succeeding FIM-92D to G variants, which featured various improvements on the Stinger-RMP capabilities.<ref name="FAS_Stinger" />

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[ATAS (AIM-92)]] - Helicopter-borne variant of the Stinger

== External links ==


=== References ===

;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography

* Army Technology. "Stinger Man-Portable Air Defence System (MANPADS)." ''Army Technology'', Verdict Media Limited, [https://www.army-technology.com/projects/stinger-man-portable-air-defence-system-manpads/ Website]. Accessed 07 Apr. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210407164547/https://www.army-technology.com/projects/stinger-man-portable-air-defence-system-manpads/ Web Archive]).
* Parsch, Andreas. "FIM-92" ''Designation Systems'', 14 Feb. 2005, [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-92.html Website]. Accessed 07 Apr. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210407163825/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-92.html Web Archive]).
* Pike, John; Sherman, Robert. "FIM-92A Stinger Weapons System: RMP & Basic." ''Federation of American Scientists - Military Analysis Network'', 09 Aug. 2000, [https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/stinger.htm Website]. Accessed 07 Apr. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210407163553/https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/stinger.htm Web Archive]).

{{Missiles}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

MiG-21 Bison (Great Britain)

2024-06-24T14:22:31Z

U137489937: /* Details */

{{About
| about = Indian jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = MiG-21 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=mig-21_bison
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|store=13511
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} British jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Seek & Destroy"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" |16000|| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" |750
|-
! Upgraded
|2303||2240||35.6||37.0||262.0||225.00
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| No || Yes || Yes || Yes || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Tumansky R-25-300 || 1
| colspan="2" | _,___ kg || colspan="2" | ___ kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel
|-
| 1140 kg || colspan="2" | Jet
| _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (___%/WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || ___%/WEP
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || ___ kgf || ___ kgf
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Optimal'' || ___ kgf (_ km/h) || ___ kgf (_ km/h)
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! EEGS
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|GSh-23L (23 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannon, belly-mounted (200 rpg)
* 60 x large calibre countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 3 x 490 l drop tanks
* 64 x S-5K rockets
* 64 x S-5K rockets
* 4 x S-24 rockets
* 40 x S-8KO rockets
* 2 x R-73E missiles
* 2 x R-27R1 missiles
* 2 x R-27T1 missiles
* 8 x 100 kg OFAB-100 bombs (800 kg total)
* 4 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 4 x 250 kg FAB-250M-62 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 2 x 500 kg FAB-500M-62 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg KAB-500Kr bombs (1,000 kg total)
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Very capable R73E and R27 missles which can be used with an Head Mounted Display
* Improved RWR which allows for greater combat awareness
* The radar has access to Pulse Doppler mode
* Good maneuverability
* Small airframe

*

'''Cons:'''

* Only 4 missles
* Weak energy retention
* MiG-21bis airframe which may be lacking at the BR
* GSh-23L has very bad velocity making it difficult to aim
* Limited arsenal for ground attacking
**

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

=== [[wt:en/news/8935-development-pre-order-mig-21-bison-en|Devblog]] ===
In the early 1990s, Mikoyan and its partner companies launched an upgrade and modernization package for the MiG-21Bis with the aim of offering it to the many operators of the type over the world. Their aim was to prolong the service life of the aircraft against rapidly advancing newer types of aircraft coming along at the time and on competing offer.

Taking to the skies for the first time in 1995, the new 21-93 variant would see the integration of many modern features, such as R-73 and R-27. The latter made possible thanks to its upgraded pulse-doppler Kopyo radar developed from the Yak-141 / MiG-29 series of radar. A new canopy would be introduced, along with a modernized Heads-Up-Display and Helmet mounted sight to make full use of the R-73s capabilities.

India would officially pursue a contract in 1996, with the HAL company handling domestic modernization work after an initial batch of aircraft modified in Russia. India was already one of the largest operators of the type, having the MiG-21 in service since the 1960s across various types. The new upgrade was planned to take the type into the 21st century for the Indian Air Force. Known officially as the MiG-21UPG (For Upgrade) but later as the “Bison”. Internally the cockpit was also reworked to include HOTAS controls. New integrated countermeasures were installed along the wing roots on the upper surface, providing additional protection and survivability in combat.

The Indian Air Force plans to retire all MiG-21 Bison aircraft by 2025, replaced in service by the domestically developed HAL Tejas.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8935-development-pre-order-mig-21-bison-en|[Devblog] Pre-order: MiG-21 Bison]]

{{AirManufacturer MiG}}
{{Britain jet aircraft}}
{{Britain premium aircraft}}

Tu-2S-59

2024-06-14T11:09:47Z

U137489937: /* Description */

{{About
| about = Soviet bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Tu-2 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=tu-2_postwar_late
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.29]].

The Tu-2S-59 is an extremely versatile ground attacker, with a moderate payload better suited for destroying ground targets than bases. Although the tactics are different for arcade battles, in Realistic, the plane should be flown quite aggressively. It is recommended to equip the 9 FAB-100M-43 bombs (if the modules haven't been acquired yet) in order to destroy as many armoured foes as possible. Additionally, use a two-second bomb delay to allow ample time to escape the blast radius.

The defining feature of the Tu-2S-59 is its single defensive 20 mm cannon in place of the 12.7 mm machine gun found on the two older models. Other than that, there isn't much difference between this and the older [[Tu-2S]] and [[Tu-2S-44]]. See above for battle tactics.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,300 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 522 || 503 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 32.0 || 32.8 || 4.5 || 4.5 || rowspan="2" | 326
|-
! Upgraded
| 575 || 547 || 29.8 || 30.8 || 13.0 || 8.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 900  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 437 || 380 || 310 || ~8 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 360 || < 360 || < 440 || > 302
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 15 mm Steel plate behind the pilot.
* 6 mm Steel plate to the left of cockpit dorsal gunner.
* 8, 15 mm Steel plates in front of the cockpit dorsal gunner.
* 12, 15 mm Steel plates in front of the rear dorsal gunner.
* 8 mm Steel plate under the ventral gunner.
* 12 mm Steel plate in front of the ventral gunner.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ShVAK (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm ShVAK cannons, wing-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="15%" | 1 !! width="15%" | 2 !! width="15%" | 3
| rowspan="8" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_Tu-2.png]]</div>
|-
! [[FAB-100M-43 (100 kg)|100 kg FAB-100M-43]] bombs
| || 9 ||
|-
! [[FAB-250M-44 (250 kg)|250 kg FAB-250M-44]] bombs
| 1 || 2, 4 || 1
|-
! [[BRAB-250 (250 kg)|250 kg BRAB-250]] bombs
| 1 || 2, 4 || 1
|-
! [[FAB-500M-44 (500 kg)|500 kg FAB-500M-44]] bombs
| 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! [[BRAB-500 (500 kg)|500 kg BRAB-500]] bombs
| 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! [[FAB-1000M-44 (1,000 kg)|1,000 kg FAB-1000M-44]] bombs
| 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! [[BRAB-1000 (1,000 kg)|1,000 kg BRAB-1000]] bombs
| 1 || 1 || 1
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* Without load
* 9 x 100 kg FAB-100M-43 bombs (900 kg total)
* 4 x 250 kg FAB-250M-44 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 6 x 250 kg FAB-250M-44 bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 6 x 250 kg BRAB-250 bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 1 x 500 kg FAB-500M-44 bomb (500 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg FAB-500M-44 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 3 x 500 kg FAB-500M-44 bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 3 x 500 kg BRAB-500 bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 1 x 1,000 kg FAB-1000M-44 bomb (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 1,000 kg FAB-1000M-44 bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 3 x 1,000 kg FAB-1000M-44 bombs (3,000 kg total)
* 3 x 1,000 kg BRAB-1000 bombs (3,000 kg total)
{{Navigation-End}}

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|B-20E (20 mm)|Berezin UB (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 20 mm B-20E cannon, rear dorsal turret (120 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, front dorsal turret (190 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, rear ventral turret (350 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

Once spawned (~3,500 m), locate ground targets to engage. It is suggested to engage the targets farthest from the enemy's airfield in order to avoid detection. Attack pillboxes (light or heavy, it doesn't matter with 500 kg bombs) as these don't move. Only engage the AI tanks if there are no pillboxes, and if engaging the tanks, judge the speed of the tank column, and release the bombs, making sure to lead where the tanks will be as the bombs fall, not where they are in that moment.

When bombing anything, note that the center of the reticle should be aimed below the target by about a centimetre (looking at the screen). This will allow the bombs maximum precision. When releasing the two bombs from the bomb bay, hold the flight pattern for about 1/2 a second longer than normal to compensate for the opening of the bomb bay doors. Once the payload has dropped, begin attacking artillery and AAA guns with the 20 mm cannons. Fire in short bursts to conserve ammo, as the more of these light targets are destroyed, the better. Never attack light pillboxes with the frontal cannons! The ammo spent attempting to destroy these (~200 rounds) isn't worth it! Always attack lighter targets, or if the situation presents itself, enemy aircraft. Once the bombs and cannon ammo are/is exhausted, then high-tail it back to the airfield. Fully upgraded, the Tu-2S-59 can maintain ~450 km/h on the deck, no problem. Be careful upon landing, as the plane tends to stall at ~175 km/h. Rearm, and repeat!

====Specific enemies worth noting====

The Tu-2S-59 has a battle rating of 5.7. Should the Tu-2S-59 be engaged, here are some suggestions per plane.

Do not engage a fighter on purpose, the following is only for defensive and survival reference.

[[Ho 229 V3|Horten 229]] - This plane is agile, fast, and dangerous, possessing a pair of Mk 103 cannons. When engaged with one of these planes, force a head-on pass if he is either below or on equal altitude as the Tu-2S-59. Once the pass has concluded, and if neither of the two are down, push the throttle to WEP and run. When the 229 turns to pursue, it ''will'' catch up. Use the defensive turrets at this point, as these are the Tu-2S-59's only hope for making it out alive. Aim for the pilot.

[[Me 262 A-1a|Me 262 A-1]] and [[Me 262 A-1/U4|A-1/U4 Pulkzerstorer]] - These planes are a tough opponent. They are fast and possess better armour than the 229, so the turrets are not going to be as effective in destroying these enemies. Again, if the enemy is below or on equal altitude as the Tu-2S-59, force a head on pass and run after it ends (if able). Use the turrets, but know that these planes are designed to be bomber-hunters, and are ruthlessly efficient in their task.

[[F-80A-5|F-80A]], [[F-80C-10|F-80C]] & [[F-84B-26]] - Although most matches with the Tu-2S-59 will be on the Berlin map, mixed battles and alternate history is always a possibility. For these planes, use the same tactics. Force a head on, and then run after. Use the turrets to attack them while withdrawing.

''Late War Props (Spitfire 24, Fw 190 D-13, F8F-1B, etc.)'' - These should never be ignored. If possible, run back to base and don't commit to a head on with props, as they have a little more time to aim their shots and steady their plane. Rely mostly on the defensive turrets if needed.

''Player-Controlled Flak (Kugelblitz, Crusader AA, etc.)'' 
These are the bane of bombers (especially medium-sized ones such as the Tu-2S-59). When the tracers fly, don't risk a dive. Circle around or find some unsuspecting flanker that is outside the cover of these AAA guns.

====Counter-tactics====

If confronted with an enemy Tu-2S-59, initiate a head on pass ''but then pitch up and stall their plane out.'' Additionally, maintain a safe altitude and utilize Boom & Zoom tactics, but it is worth noting that the Tu-2 is able to turn adequately.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fast, for a medium bomber
* High wing rip speed (over 700 km/h)
* Air spawn in RB
* Very easy to land and take off
* Decent payload
* Forward-firing ShVAK cannons, can be useful in a head-on engagement
* Not as vulnerable as other 4-engine bombers
* Twin tail design leaves little restriction on back gunners
* Decently agile for its size
* Can often put out fires in fuel tanks due to pressurized gas system
* Individual bomb drops, very effective in tank battles
* Engines can cool down even with a 100% throttle
* Can pretty much WEP indefinitely
* Just need to research one modification for all payload options
* Has a lot of unlockable camouflages

'''Cons:'''

* Only two bombs when stock
* Relatively small defensive armament
* Only one pilot and is not protected by armour from the front
* High-ish stall speed (175 km/h, more of a pain when taking off/landing)
* Although it is fast, everything else is faster
* Performance starts to degrade with altitude
* Low amount of cannon ammo (150 rounds per gun)
* Camouflages need to be unlocked by bombing bases at which it is not that effective compared to other nation's bombers

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Tupolev Tu-2S Front Line Bomber with M-82FN engines, later production and export series (NATO reporting name: Bat).

The last stage of the Tu-2S's full-scale production began in 1949. The bomber's defensive armament was upgraded yet again. Production planes continued to be manufactured with machine guns in manual turrets, which by the late 40s seemed an obvious anachronism.

In August 1948, a VEU-1 electric turret with a 20 mm Berezin B-20 cannon was tested on series 55 aircraft, and from the spring of 1949 on it was used in mass production. The VEU-1 replaced the VUB-68 upper defensive turret.

More powerful GSN-300 electric generators also began to be installed. In addition, a new fire suppression kit, an RSB-5 radio set and strong LFSV-45 retractable lights were added. Beginning with series 59, a Goodrich de-icing system was installed on the front edges of the wings, horizontal stabilizer, and fins.

The upgraded equipment increased the aircraft's weight. Consequently, its speed and service ceiling decreased.

In the spring of 1950, production of the Tu-2 was finally discontinued. The last series of planes were intended mainly for export, as the Soviet Air Force was switching to the Ilyushin Il-28 jet bomber. A total of 1,211 Tu-2s (including all variants) were produced during the post-war period of 1946 to 1950. Afterward, some previously built planes were updated. From 1948 on, TON-2 rear attack warning radars were mounted on some of the aircraft. The ASh-82FN engines were replaced on a mass scale with later series engines with improved reduction gear; radio altimeters and new radio sets were installed, as well.

During the post-war period, as the industry supplied the Tu-2s, practically all units of the USSR Air Force were rearmed, replacing their Pe-2s and any lend-lease bombers.

After the war, the Tu-2s were accepted for service with the Air Forces of Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, China, and North Korea. The Tu-2s of the Chinese Air Force took an active part in the Korean War of 1950-53.

The Tu-2 aircraft were withdrawn from service with the USSR Air Force by the mid-50s. Virtually none of them were serving by 1954. It was in the flight schools that the Tu-2s continued to fly: some Tu-2s were still active in training units as late as the early 60s.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=tu-2_postwar_late Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|gxIVvUZGptw|'''The Shooting Range #51''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 07:12 discusses the Tu-2.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Tupolev}}
{{USSR bombers}}

FIM-92 Stinger

2024-06-14T11:00:27Z

U137489937: /* Pros and cons */

[[File:Weapon FIM-92 Stinger.png|thumb|right|x250px|The FIM-92K missile after being launched from a Ozelot.]]

== Description ==

The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is an American infrared homing surface-to-air missile. It exists in two variants: FIM-92E and FIM-92K, and was introduced in [[Update "Wind of Change"]]. It is also known as the "'''Fliegerfaust 2 Stinger'''" in German service. The Stinger is what is commonly known as a MANPADS missile - short for MAN-Portable Air Defense System - and was developed to be portable and self-reliant. As such, the missile comes equipped with an Infra-Red Counter-Countermeasure (IRCCM) seeker, meaning it can reject enemy flares with devastating accuracy and home in straight towards an enemy aircraft. While lacking in range compared to larger, bulkier SAM systems such as the [[Tor-M1]] or [[ADATS]], the significantly more discreet hulls and moderate range of 6 km means just as in real life these missiles can pose a threat at a moment's notice.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|germ_flakpz_1a2_Gepard}}
* {{Specs-Link|us_lav_ad}}
* {{Specs-Link|il_machbet}}
* {{Specs-Link|germ_wiesel_2_adwc}}

== General info ==


The FIM-92E and 92K are identical outside of the 92K having a proximity fuse of 1 meter, noticeably increasing its lethality in cases of near misses.

{| class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | FIM-92E characteristics
|-
| '''Calibre''' || 70 mm
|-
| '''Mass''' || 10.1 kg
|-
| '''Guidance''' || IR
|-
| '''IRCCM''' || Yes
|-
| '''Aspect''' || All-Aspects
|-
| '''Lock range in rear-aspect''' || 11 km (6.84 mi)
|-
| '''Lock range in all-aspects''' || 6 km (3.73 mi)
|-
| '''Launch range''' || 5 km (3.11 mi)
|-
| '''Maximum speed''' || 670 m/s
|-
| '''Maximum overload''' || 13 G
|-
| '''Missile guidance time''' || 15 secs
|-
| '''Explosive mass''' || 540 g TNTe
|-
| '''Fuze delay''' || 1 m
|-
| '''Fuze Sensitivity''' || 0.1 mm
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | FIM-92K characteristics
|-
| '''Calibre''' || 70 mm
|-
| '''Mass''' || 10.1 kg
|-
| '''Guidance''' || IR
|-
| '''IRCCM''' || Yes
|-
| '''Aspect''' || All-Aspects
|-
| '''Lock range in rear-aspect''' || 11 km (6.84 mi)
|-
| '''Lock range in all-aspects''' || 6 km (3.73 mi)
|-
| '''Launch range''' || 5 km (3.11 mi)
|-
| '''Maximum speed''' ||670 m/s
|-
| '''Maximum overload''' || 13 G
|-
| '''Missile guidance time''' || 15 secs
|-
| '''Explosive mass''' || 540 g TNTe
|-
| '''Fuze delay''' || 1 m
|-
| '''Fuze Sensitivity''' || 0.1 mm
|-
| '''Trigger Radius''' || 1 m
|}

=== Effective damage ===

The Stinger produces somewhat low shrapnel. This is not to say the missile lacks lethality as some people like to claim, but as it is a man-portable missile its warhead simply isn't as large as conventional SAMs. A hit will usually prove fatal to almost all aircraft, but more resilient aircraft such as the [[Su-25 (Family)]] may occasionally survive a direct hit. It is however to be noted that often when a Su-25 is hit the aircraft itself may ''seem'' fine, but usually suffers irreparable damage to the control wires or fuel tanks in the process, so regardless of any situation firing off more than 2 Stingers at any aircraft is inadvisable.
=== Comparison with analogues ===

The Stinger is similar to its contemporaries which include but are not limited to the [[9M39 Igla | 9M39]], [[Type 91]], and [[Mistral SATCP | Mistral]] MANPADS class missiles. The 9M39 is roughly equivalent to the Stinger with a similar explosive warhead content and no proximity fuse like the FIM-92E, flying at a slightly slower speed and with a worse all aspect lock range, whereas the Mistral is closer to being a direct upgrade instead with more Gs pulled, a faster firing speed and a warhead with three times more filler. All in all, the Stinger is adequately balanced between practicality and efficiency.
== Usage in battles ==

Stingers are best used when an enemy plane is further away than gun range but is still causing you problems. Within an approximately 6 kilometer bubble around your vehicle, a Stinger launched with reasonable margins to the enemy will score a direct hit so long as the enemy does not actively dodge the missile. It is preferable that the missile is launched front aspect when it comes to maneuverability as it is more tricky to dodge a front aspect 10G missile than it is a rear aspect one - but it is also to be noted that this gives the enemy a chance to react. A good use for Stingers is to wait for an enemy aircraft to make a swooping pass, and then shoot the missile at the six of said enemy who will usually only be focusing on gaining some distance between the anti-aircraft systems and themselves. When doing this, it is also helpful to lead the missile - Stingers only pull in the low 10s of Gs, and as such giving the missile a figurative boost can and will often be the difference between a hit and a miss.

Against enemy rotary aviation the Stinger struggles more, unfortunately. The lack of an electro-optical track like its Strela contemporary means that if the seeker fails to see the helicopter you may be stuck staring at a helicopter 3 kilometers away leisurely taking care of your teammates with an unresponsive missile. In this case, it is advisable to try and get closer if possible, or to avoid areas with terrain clutter to reduce the chances of an unsuccessful lock.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fire-and-forget
* IRCCM makes it highly resistant to flares once launched
* K variant has a proximity fuse

'''Cons:'''

* Low overload of only 13 G sees that the missile is defeated by most defensive manoeuvres
* 6 km all aspect range is outranged by some AGMs
* Low accuracy within 1 mi (1.61 km)
* Small Warhead
* Low Missile Guidance Time (15s)

== History ==


===Stinger Development===
In the 1960s, the US military's standard man-portable air-defense system (MANPADS) was the FIM-43 Redeye, a missile launcher developed by Convair/Ponoma. However, the Redeye missiles were deemed to be too slow, unmanoeuverable, and could not distinguish its target source well enough to be an effective anti-aircraft weapon.<ref name="FAS_Stinger">Pike and Sherman 2000</ref> A program for an improved missile was launched in 1967, titled Redeye II. This new missile program was part of the Advanced Sensor Development Program, which sought to give the man-portable missile an all-aspect seeking capability. By 1971, Redeye II was chosen as the next standard MANPADS missile, and was given the designation FIM-92. The name of the program was eventually changed in March 1972 into the '''Stinger'''.<ref name="DS_Stinger">Parsch 2005</ref>
[[File:Sergeant shoulders the first Stinger to come off the production line.jpg|x250px|thumb|left|none|A US Army Sergeant shoulders a FIM-92 Stinger.]]

The contract to develop the missiles went to General Dynamics in June 1972.<ref name="FAS_Stinger" /> The first tests with the missiles began in November 1973, though technical problems caused delays that the first missile was only fired shoulder-launched in 1975.<ref name="DS_Stinger" /> The Stinger Production Qualification Test-Government (PQT-G) began in April 1976.<ref name="AT_Stinger">Army Technology "Stinger Man-Portable Air Defence System (MANPADS)"</ref> The PQT-G concluded in 1977, and resulted in a mass production contract in April 1978 for General Dynamics to produce the FIM-92A Stinger missiles. The missiles reached the US military, where the Stinger missiles reached IOC (Initial Operational Capability) status in February 1981, resulting in the Stinger's steady replacement of all other MANPADS in service. The basic model, the FIM-92A, featured a cooled conical-scan IR seeker that allowed all-aspect acquisition and homing abilities as well as a AN/PPX-1 Identification, Friend or Foe (IFF) system.<ref name="FAS_Stinger" />

Improvements into the FIM-92 stingers led to succeeding variants. The FIM-92B started development in 1977. It is also known as Stinger-POST (Passive Optical Seeker Technique) and featured an improved IR/UV seeker to better distinguish countermeasures. The next version, the FIM-92C began development in 1984 and was named as Stinger-RMP (Reprogrammable MicroProcessor). Introducing a new microprocessor that was reprogrammable, the Stinger-RMP allowed the Stinger platform to adapt to new threats and countermeasures without requiring a new missile design. The Stinger-RMP became the basis of the succeeding FIM-92D to G variants, which featured various improvements on the Stinger-RMP capabilities.<ref name="FAS_Stinger" />

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[ATAS (AIM-92)]] - Helicopter-borne variant of the Stinger

== External links ==


=== References ===

;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography

* Army Technology. "Stinger Man-Portable Air Defence System (MANPADS)." ''Army Technology'', Verdict Media Limited, [https://www.army-technology.com/projects/stinger-man-portable-air-defence-system-manpads/ Website]. Accessed 07 Apr. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210407164547/https://www.army-technology.com/projects/stinger-man-portable-air-defence-system-manpads/ Web Archive]).
* Parsch, Andreas. "FIM-92" ''Designation Systems'', 14 Feb. 2005, [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-92.html Website]. Accessed 07 Apr. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210407163825/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-92.html Web Archive]).
* Pike, John; Sherman, Robert. "FIM-92A Stinger Weapons System: RMP & Basic." ''Federation of American Scientists - Military Analysis Network'', 09 Aug. 2000, [https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/stinger.htm Website]. Accessed 07 Apr. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210407163553/https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/stinger.htm Web Archive]).

{{Missiles}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

ATAS (AIM-92)

2024-03-20T14:24:24Z

U137489937: /* General info */

== Description ==
[[File:WeaponImage AIM-92 Stinger.png|thumb|left|420px|The AIM-92 Stinger missile with fins folded and deployed (scale is approximate)]]
{{Break}}

The '''AIM-92 Air-to-Air Stinger''' is an American [[Air-to-air_missiles#Infrared_homing_.28heat-seeking.29_missiles|infrared homing air-to-air missile]]. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]]. It is a helicopter-mounted variant of the well known FIM-92 Stinger fire-and-forget shoulder-fired anti-air missile.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Attack helicopters'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|A129}}{{Specs-Link|a_129_cbt}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a_129_d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|t_129_atak}}
{{Navigation-Line|AH-64A}}{{Specs-Link|ah_64a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ah_64a_greece_usa}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ah_64a_iaf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ah_64a_peten_iaf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ah_64a_peten}}
{{Navigation-Line|AH-64D}}{{Specs-Link|ah_64d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ahs}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ah_64d_japan}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ah_64d_i_saraph}}
{{Navigation-Line|EC-665}}{{Specs-Link|tiger_had_france}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|tiger_had_block2_france}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|tiger_hap_france}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|tiger_uht}}
{{Navigation-Line|MH-60L}}{{Specs-Link|mh_60l_dap}}
{{Navigation-Line|OH-58D}}{{Specs-Link|oh_58d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|oh_58d_china}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Utility helicopters'''}}{{Specs-Link|g_lynx}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|lynx_ah_mk1}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | Missile characteristics
|-
| '''Mass''' || 10 kg
|-
| '''Guidance''' || IR
|-
| '''Aspect''' || All-aspects
|-
| '''Lock range (rear-aspect)''' || 6 km
|-
| '''Lock range (all-aspect)''' || 6 km
|-
| '''IRCCM''' || Yes
|-
| '''Launch range''' || 5 km (3.11 mi)
|-
| '''Maximum speed''' || 2.0 M
|-
| '''Maximum overload''' || 13 G
|-
| '''Missile guidance time''' || 17 secs
|-
| '''Explosive mass''' || 540 g TNTe
|-
|}

=== Effective damage ===

The damage of the missile is poor to say the least, it requires a direct hit on a vital part like the engines or fuel tanks in order to do significant damage. Helicopters can be hit in the main fuselage by the Stinger with minimal damage to the flight performance. Securing a hit to a vital component is essential.

=== Comparison with analogues ===

The missile is identical in many points to the Soviet [[9M39 Igla]]. Its top speed is higher, and it only has a slightly longer guidance time and a slightly larger explosive mass.

== Usage in battles ==

This missile is designed with helicopter-based air to air combat in mind, with an emphasis on defence against strafing attacks by jets. The Stinger allows the helicopter to counterattack an aircraft that is quickly closing in, usually destroying or crippling it before it can fire. It is also useful against other helicopters, and its longer lock-on range than most IR missiles will give it a competitive advantage.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Best lock-on range of all helicopter IR missiles
* All-aspect tracking

'''Cons:'''

* Worse tracking than other missiles of its class
* Abysmal explosive mass compared to contemporaries

== History ==

{{main|FIM-92_Stinger#History|l1=History of the FIM-92 Stinger}}

===ATAS===
[[File:TigerUHTWeapons.jpg|x250px|thumb|right|none|An ATAS armament arrangement on the stub-wing of a [[EC-665 Tiger UHT]].]]
During the 1980s, around when the improved Stinger-RMP models became operational, these missiles were used as a basis for air-to-air weapons on aerial mounts. These adapted missiles are officially recognized as '''ATAS''' ('''A'''ir '''T'''o '''A'''ir '''S'''tinger). The missiles were initially designed and mounted onto OH-58 Kiowa observation helicopters for self-defence against enemy air targets.<ref name="DTIC_ATAS">Lawrence et al. 1988, pg 1</ref> Though the Stinger is sometimes referred to as '''AIM-92''' in the air configuration, it has been suggested that this naming is unofficial and that the ATAS is still referred as a FIM-92.<ref name="DS_Stinger">Parsch 2005</ref>

As with the standard Stinger-RMP, the ATAS were also upgraded in similar fashion. The first was the Block I modification which introduced improvements such as the removal of the need to "super-elevate" the missile (the additional elevation angle added to the missile's line-of-sight).<ref name="GS_Stinger">GlobalSecurity.org "Chapter 3: Firing the Stinger"</ref> The second improvement was the Block II modification which introduced a new seeker, a new battery, and advanced signal processing capabilities. These upgrades aim at improving the missile's shelf life, missile accuracy, night-fighting capability, and {{Annotation|IRCCM|Infra-Red Counter Counter Measure}} capability.<ref name="FAS_Stinger">Pike and Sherman 2000</ref>

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|hRzUuPPJrSE|'''Korean AH-64E APACHE GUARDIAN fires AIM-92 STINGER, shoots down...'''- ''MilitaryNotes''}}

== See also ==


* [[FIM-92 Stinger]] - Ground-launched variant of the Stinger
* [[9M39 Igla]] - Soviet anti-aircraft missile that was also derived from a MANPADS platform.

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Air-to-Air_Stinger|[Wikipedia] Air-to-Air Stinger]]

=== References ===

;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography

* GlobalSecurity.org "Chapter 3: Firing the Stinger" ''Global Security'', [https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/44-18-1/Ch3.htm Website]. Accessed 07 Apr. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210407192257/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/44-18-1/Ch3.htm Web Archive]).
* Lawrence, John S, et al. ''Preliminary Airworthiness Evaluation of the AH-64A Equipped with the Air To Air Stinger (ATAS) Missile System''. Defense Technical Information Center, December 1988.
* Parsch, Andreas. "FIM-92" ''Designation Systems'', 14 Feb. 2005, [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-92.html Website]. Accessed 07 Apr. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210407163825/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-92.html Web Archive]).
* Pike, John; Sherman, Robert. "FIM-92A Stinger Weapons System: RMP & Basic." ''Federation of American Scientists - Military Analysis Network'', 09 Aug. 2000, [https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/stinger.htm Website]. Accessed 07 Apr. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210407163553/https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/stinger.htm Web Archive]).

{{Missiles}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

FIM-92 Stinger

2024-03-20T14:19:48Z

U137489937: /* Pros and cons */

[[File:Weapon FIM-92 Stinger.png|thumb|right|x250px|The FIM-92K missile after being launched from a Ozelot.]]

== Description ==

The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is an American infrared homing surface-to-air missile. It exists in two variants: FIM-92E and FIM-92K, and was introduced in [[Update "Wind of Change"]]. It is also known as the "'''Fliegerfaust 2 Stinger'''" in German service.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|germ_flakpz_1a2_Gepard}}
* {{Specs-Link|us_lav_ad}}
* {{Specs-Link|il_machbet}}
* {{Specs-Link|germ_wiesel_2_adwc}}

== General info ==


{| class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | FIM-92E characteristics
|-
| '''Calibre''' || 70 mm
|-
| '''Mass''' || 10.1 kg
|-
| '''Guidance''' || IR
|-
| '''IRCCM''' || Yes
|-
| '''Aspect''' || All-Aspects
|-
| '''Lock range in rear-aspect''' || 11 km (6.84 mi)
|-
| '''Lock range in all-aspects''' || 6 km (3.73 mi)
|-
| '''Launch range''' || 5 km (3.11 mi)
|-
| '''Maximum speed''' || 670 m/s
|-
| '''Maximum overload''' || 13 G
|-
| '''Missile guidance time''' || 15 secs
|-
| '''Explosive mass''' || 540 g TNTe
|-
| '''Fuze delay''' || 1 m
|-
| '''Fuze Sensitivity''' || 0.1 mm
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | FIM-92K characteristics
|-
| '''Calibre''' || 70 mm
|-
| '''Mass''' || 10.1 kg
|-
| '''Guidance''' || IR
|-
| '''IRCCM''' || Yes
|-
| '''Aspect''' || All-Aspects
|-
| '''Lock range in rear-aspect''' || 11 km (6.84 mi)
|-
| '''Lock range in all-aspects''' || 6 km (3.73 mi)
|-
| '''Launch range''' || 5 km (3.11 mi)
|-
| '''Maximum speed''' ||670 m/s
|-
| '''Maximum overload''' || 13 G
|-
| '''Missile guidance time''' || 15 secs
|-
| '''Explosive mass''' || 540 g TNTe
|-
| '''Fuze delay''' || 1 m
|-
| '''Fuze Sensitivity''' || 0.1 mm
|-
| '''Trigger Radius''' || 1 m
|}

=== Effective damage ===
''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of missile (high explosive, splash damage, etc.)''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of missiles that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe situations when you would utilise this missile in-game (vehicle, pillbox, base, etc)''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fire-and-forget
* IRCCM makes it highly resistant to flares once launched
* K variant has a proximity fuse

'''Cons:'''

* Low overload of only 13 G sees that the missile is defeated by most defensive manoeuvres
* 6 km all aspect range is outranged by some AGMs
* Bad Short-Range Guidance
* Small Warhead
* Low Missile Guidance Time (15s)

== History ==


===Stinger Development===
In the 1960s, the US military's standard man-portable air-defense system (MANPADS) was the FIM-43 Redeye, a missile launcher developed by Convair/Ponoma. However, the Redeye missiles were deemed to be too slow, unmanoeuverable, and could not distinguish its target source well enough to be an effective anti-aircraft weapon.<ref name="FAS_Stinger">Pike and Sherman 2000</ref> A program for an improved missile was launched in 1967, titled Redeye II. This new missile program was part of the Advanced Sensor Development Program, which sought to give the man-portable missile an all-aspect seeking capability. By 1971, Redeye II was chosen as the next standard MANPADS missile, and was given the designation FIM-92. The name of the program was eventually changed in March 1972 into the '''Stinger'''.<ref name="DS_Stinger">Parsch 2005</ref>
[[File:Sergeant shoulders the first Stinger to come off the production line.jpg|x250px|thumb|left|none|A US Army Sergeant shoulders a FIM-92 Stinger.]]

The contract to develop the missiles went to General Dynamics in June 1972.<ref name="FAS_Stinger" /> The first tests with the missiles began in November 1973, though technical problems caused delays that the first missile was only fired shoulder-launched in 1975.<ref name="DS_Stinger" /> The Stinger Production Qualification Test-Government (PQT-G) began in April 1976.<ref name="AT_Stinger">Army Technology "Stinger Man-Portable Air Defence System (MANPADS)"</ref> The PQT-G concluded in 1977, and resulted in a mass production contract in April 1978 for General Dynamics to produce the FIM-92A Stinger missiles. The missiles reached the US military, where the Stinger missiles reached IOC (Initial Operational Capability) status in February 1981, resulting in the Stinger's steady replacement of all other MANPADS in service. The basic model, the FIM-92A, featured a cooled conical-scan IR seeker that allowed all-aspect acquisition and homing abilities as well as a AN/PPX-1 Identification, Friend or Foe (IFF) system.<ref name="FAS_Stinger" />

Improvements into the FIM-92 stingers led to succeeding variants. The FIM-92B started development in 1977. It is also known as Stinger-POST (Passive Optical Seeker Technique) and featured an improved IR/UV seeker to better distinguish countermeasures. The next version, the FIM-92C began development in 1984 and was named as Stinger-RMP (Reprogrammable MicroProcessor). Introducing a new microprocessor that was reprogrammable, the Stinger-RMP allowed the Stinger platform to adapt to new threats and countermeasures without requiring a new missile design. The Stinger-RMP became the basis of the succeeding FIM-92D to G variants, which featured various improvements on the Stinger-RMP capabilities.<ref name="FAS_Stinger" />

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[ATAS (AIM-92)]] - Helicopter-borne variant of the Stinger

== External links ==


=== References ===

;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography

* Army Technology. "Stinger Man-Portable Air Defence System (MANPADS)." ''Army Technology'', Verdict Media Limited, [https://www.army-technology.com/projects/stinger-man-portable-air-defence-system-manpads/ Website]. Accessed 07 Apr. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210407164547/https://www.army-technology.com/projects/stinger-man-portable-air-defence-system-manpads/ Web Archive]).
* Parsch, Andreas. "FIM-92" ''Designation Systems'', 14 Feb. 2005, [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-92.html Website]. Accessed 07 Apr. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210407163825/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-92.html Web Archive]).
* Pike, John; Sherman, Robert. "FIM-92A Stinger Weapons System: RMP & Basic." ''Federation of American Scientists - Military Analysis Network'', 09 Aug. 2000, [https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/stinger.htm Website]. Accessed 07 Apr. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210407163553/https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/stinger.htm Web Archive]).

{{Missiles}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

FIM-92 Stinger

2024-03-08T18:52:50Z

U137489937: /* Usage in battles */

[[File:Weapon FIM-92 Stinger.png|thumb|right|x250px|The FIM-92K missile after being launched from a Ozelot.]]

== Description ==

The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is an American infrared homing surface-to-air missile. It exists in two variants: FIM-92E and FIM-92K, and was introduced in [[Update "Wind of Change"]]. It is also known as the "'''Fliegerfaust 2 Stinger'''" in German service.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|germ_flakpz_1a2_Gepard}}
* {{Specs-Link|us_lav_ad}}
* {{Specs-Link|il_machbet}}
* {{Specs-Link|germ_wiesel_2_adwc}}

== General info ==


{| class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | FIM-92E characteristics
|-
| '''Calibre''' || 70 mm
|-
| '''Mass''' || 10.1 kg
|-
| '''Guidance''' || IR
|-
| '''IRCCM''' || Yes
|-
| '''Aspect''' || All-Aspects
|-
| '''Lock range in rear-aspect''' ||12 km (6.84 mi)
|-
| '''Lock range in all-aspects''' ||6 km (3.73 mi)
|-
| '''Launch range''' || 5 km (3.11 mi)
|-
| '''Maximum speed''' ||670 m/s
|-
| '''Maximum overload''' ||13 G
|-
| '''Missile guidance time''' || 15 secs
|-
| '''Explosive mass''' || 540 g TNTe
|-
| '''Fuze delay''' || 1 m
|-
| '''Fuze Sensitivity''' || 0.1 mm
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | FIM-92K characteristics
|-
| '''Calibre''' || 70 mm
|-
| '''Mass''' || 10.1 kg
|-
| '''Guidance''' || IR
|-
| '''IRCCM''' || Yes
|-
| '''Aspect''' || All-Aspects
|-
| '''Lock range in rear-aspect''' ||12 km (6.84 mi)
|-
| '''Lock range in all-aspects''' ||6 km (3.73 mi)
|-
| '''Launch range''' || 5 km (3.11 mi)
|-
| '''Maximum speed''' ||670 m/s
|-
| '''Maximum overload''' ||13 G
|-
| '''Missile guidance time''' || 15 secs
|-
| '''Explosive mass''' || 540 g TNTe
|-
| '''Fuze delay''' || 1 m
|-
| '''Fuze Sensitivity''' || 0.1 mm
|-
| '''Trigger Radius''' || 1 m
|}

=== Effective damage ===
''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of missile (high explosive, splash damage, etc.)''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of missiles that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe situations when you would utilise this missile in-game (vehicle, pillbox, base, etc)''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

* Fire-and-forget
* IRCCM makes it highly resistant to flares once launched
* K variant has a proximity fuse

'''Cons:'''

* Low overload of only 13 G sees that the missile is defeated by most defensive manoeuvres
* 6 km all aspect range is outranged by some AGMs

== History ==


===Stinger Development===
In the 1960s, the US military's standard man-portable air-defense system (MANPADS) was the FIM-43 Redeye, a missile launcher developed by Convair/Ponoma. However, the Redeye missiles were deemed to be too slow, unmanoeuverable, and could not distinguish its target source well enough to be an effective anti-aircraft weapon.<ref name="FAS_Stinger">Pike and Sherman 2000</ref> A program for an improved missile was launched in 1967, titled Redeye II. This new missile program was part of the Advanced Sensor Development Program, which sought to give the man-portable missile an all-aspect seeking capability. By 1971, Redeye II was chosen as the next standard MANPADS missile, and was given the designation FIM-92. The name of the program was eventually changed in March 1972 into the '''Stinger'''.<ref name="DS_Stinger">Parsch 2005</ref>
[[File:Sergeant shoulders the first Stinger to come off the production line.jpg|x250px|thumb|left|none|A US Army Sergeant shoulders a FIM-92 Stinger.]]

The contract to develop the missiles went to General Dynamics in June 1972.<ref name="FAS_Stinger" /> The first tests with the missiles began in November 1973, though technical problems caused delays that the first missile was only fired shoulder-launched in 1975.<ref name="DS_Stinger" /> The Stinger Production Qualification Test-Government (PQT-G) began in April 1976.<ref name="AT_Stinger">Army Technology "Stinger Man-Portable Air Defence System (MANPADS)"</ref> The PQT-G concluded in 1977, and resulted in a mass production contract in April 1978 for General Dynamics to produce the FIM-92A Stinger missiles. The missiles reached the US military, where the Stinger missiles reached IOC (Initial Operational Capability) status in February 1981, resulting in the Stinger's steady replacement of all other MANPADS in service. The basic model, the FIM-92A, featured a cooled conical-scan IR seeker that allowed all-aspect acquisition and homing abilities as well as a AN/PPX-1 Identification, Friend or Foe (IFF) system.<ref name="FAS_Stinger" />

Improvements into the FIM-92 stingers led to succeeding variants. The FIM-92B started development in 1977. It is also known as Stinger-POST (Passive Optical Seeker Technique) and featured an improved IR/UV seeker to better distinguish countermeasures. The next version, the FIM-92C began development in 1984 and was named as Stinger-RMP (Reprogrammable MicroProcessor). Introducing a new microprocessor that was reprogrammable, the Stinger-RMP allowed the Stinger platform to adapt to new threats and countermeasures without requiring a new missile design. The Stinger-RMP became the basis of the succeeding FIM-92D to G variants, which featured various improvements on the Stinger-RMP capabilities.<ref name="FAS_Stinger" />

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[ATAS (AIM-92)]] - Helicopter-borne variant of the Stinger

== External links ==


=== References ===

;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography

* Army Technology. "Stinger Man-Portable Air Defence System (MANPADS)." ''Army Technology'', Verdict Media Limited, [https://www.army-technology.com/projects/stinger-man-portable-air-defence-system-manpads/ Website]. Accessed 07 Apr. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210407164547/https://www.army-technology.com/projects/stinger-man-portable-air-defence-system-manpads/ Web Archive]).
* Parsch, Andreas. "FIM-92" ''Designation Systems'', 14 Feb. 2005, [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-92.html Website]. Accessed 07 Apr. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210407163825/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-92.html Web Archive]).
* Pike, John; Sherman, Robert. "FIM-92A Stinger Weapons System: RMP & Basic." ''Federation of American Scientists - Military Analysis Network'', 09 Aug. 2000, [https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/stinger.htm Website]. Accessed 07 Apr. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210407163553/https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/stinger.htm Web Archive]).

{{Missiles}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]