War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Iacobi's J8A

2022-08-01T21:05:01Z

U135302351: /* Flight performance */

{{About
| about = Swedish premium fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the regular version
| link = J8A
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=gladiator_j8a_iacobi
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Iacobi%27s_JA8.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_gladiator_j8a_iacobi.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} premium Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]]. It was gifted to players during the [[wt:en/news/6536-new-year-in-war-thunder-en|2019 "New year holidays"]] mini-event.

{{PAGENAME}}, or the original Gloster Gladiator Mk II, was developed in an awkward time, in that it was an advancement in biplane technology over what was already in production, however, its time was almost up even before it rolled out the door, as state-of-the-art monoplanes were beginning to take to the skies and outperform even the most advanced biplanes. Though a long future looked grim for the Gladiator, nevertheless it went into production and found a place in the Air Forces not only for the British, but other nations, such as the Swedish.

Initially a private venture by Gloster, the SS.37 started by modifying an existing prototype, the Gloster Gauntlet and outfit it with a Bristol Mercury M.E.30 radial engine and streamlined the existing structure and wings to increase aerodynamic efficiency. By the time trials started, the plane was outfitted with a Mercury IV engine and then retooled for the Mercury VIS engine. Later adjustments outfitted the aircraft with a Mercury IX engine and a two-blade wooden fixed-pitch propeller, though some later models switched to a three-bladed metal pitch-adjustable propeller.

The Gladiator was the last British biplane to be produced, but it was the first one to feature a fully enclosed cockpit and though it entered service with the British, it almost immediately left the service, being replaced by newer-generation fighters such as the Hawker [[Hurricane (Family)|Hurricane]] and Supermarine [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]]. While the British no longer found use for the biplanes, other nations felt they would be a fine addition and countries such as Sweden and 12 other countries nabbed up 216 of the remaining Gladiators. Those picked up by Sweden were redesignated J8A (Jaktplan = fighter airplane).

On 13 December 1939, Sweden, after purchasing aircraft from the UK, including 12 Gladiator Mk II Aircraft (representing 1/3 of the entire Swedish Air Force at that time), formed a volunteer Swedish Air unit in order to assist Finnish Forces in the Winter War.<ref name="Facebook" />

This unit, known as F19, who flew into combat on 12 January 1940, (the first Combat mission for Swedish Air Forces in History) and whose acting commander was Ian Iacobi, was responsible for the northern parts of the country, which were saved from the worst bomb damage and the railway connection between Oulu and Sweden (which was critical for the transport of war material and foodstuffs) that they kept open and in operating condition. The fighters can be counted as having repelled at least 35 enemy bombing sorties to the northern region alone.<ref name="Facebook" />

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The J8A is an average biplane in terms of manoeuvrability, however, it is very stiff to the controls when attempting to roll the aircraft. Though an excellent flyer at lower altitudes and at lower speeds, keeping its speed up will increase its effectiveness when engaging in turn battles with other aircraft. The Bristol Mercury-IX engine allows this aircraft to reach top speeds of over 400 km/h (~250 mph) and can be a contender with other biplanes, however, it will start to struggle against early monoplanes, such as the Heinkel [[He 112 (Family)|He 112]], Messerschmitt [[Flegel's Bf 109 A|Bf 109A]], Polykarpov [[I-16 (Family)|I-16]] and the Brewster [[F2A-1|F2A]] fighters. Though not as fast, nor does having the armament these do, it does have a turning advantage they do not and can sometimes make a quick turn around or tail-chase a faster fighter long enough to put guns on target and eliminate an enemy.

The J8A has a very low stall speed and with the throttle reduced to around 55%, this fighter can maintain level flight at a speed of about 80 km/h (50 mph) without nosing over. The vertical stabilizer is rather large for an aircraft of this type which lends itself to being an excellent aircraft for performing wing-over and hammerhead manoeuvres, especially when luring newer and unsuspecting enemy pilots into a rope-a-dope manoeuvre allowing for the J8A to immediately change direction and pursue the tailing enemy fighter which may have themselves stalled out and set themselves up to be the perfect target for an inbound J8A.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,420 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 402 || 385 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 16.7 || 17.3 || 13.4 || 13.4 || rowspan="2" | 232
|-
! Upgraded
| 429 || 414 || 15.3 || 16.0 || 18.2 || 15.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 469 || 320 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 240 || < 200 || < 330 || > 190
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,115 m || 810 hp || 826 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


Like many aircraft just prior to the break out of World War II, the J8A was not outfitted with any armour plating. The J8A relied on its engine to get the aircraft where it needed to go and helped the aircraft get into a position where the guns could shoot down an enemy. Any attempts to install armour plating would have only slowed down the already relatively slow biplane, which would not have been worth the trade-off.

To maintain the centre of balance for this fighter, the pilot, fuel tank and engine take up the fuselage from the middle to the front, any attacks on this aircraft in this zone risk hitting a critical component, ending the J8A's fight in the battle earlier than expected. Though a closed cockpit may offer the pilot protection from glancing shots, it will not do much for head-on or side attacks.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}

=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Ksp m/22 (8 mm)}}

'''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 8 mm Ksp m/22 machine guns, side-mounted (600 rpg = 1,200 total)
* 2 x 8 mm Ksp m/22 machine guns, wing-mounted (400 rpg = 800 total)

The Swedish Air Forces decided to not outfit their J8A fighters with the standard .303 machine guns the British typically used, instead, they opted to install four 8 mm Ksp m/22 machine guns, two mounted on each side of the pilot within arm's reach and the other two were mounted one under each side of the lower wing. It is important for pilots of this aircraft to determine at what distance they typically engage enemy aircraft at as convergence of the machine guns is a necessity to manage to effectively put as many bullets as possible into the enemy fighter. Typically in biplanes, a closer convergence setting of 100 to 250 m is best for close-in fighting, typically as one gets farther out from there, bullets lose some of their punch.

Many ace pilots from all sides of the war stated that when the enemy filled the windscreen, there was no way you could not hit, thereby guaranteeing a hit and conserving ammunition. The J8A does not have the machine-gun speed of those found on some Soviet biplanes as it is necessary to synchronize the firing of the guns in the fuselage to fire through the propeller arc. With 2,000 rounds of ammunition distributed between all four machine guns, it is recommended to fire in short bursts, mainly to prevent overheating and jamming of the machine guns. Typically, you can continuously fire about 750 rounds of ammunition before the guns jam up and require a cool down before they can be used again.

When possible, change out the default ammunition belts for either Air Targets belts which are very effective against other biplanes, especially those which have fabric coverings and non-self sealing fuel tanks, as incendiary rounds have a good chance of setting planes on fire, which can rarely put the flames out. Universal belts are also a good choice, and the presence of extra AP rounds will help take down ground targets and more heavily built planes that can be seen in an up-tier, such as [[Hurricane (Family)|Hurricanes]]. For those pilots who like to sneak into a fight and catch enemy aircraft unaware, stealth belts are the way to go as there are no tracer rounds to give away your position. The enemy pilots tend to realize where the stealth bullets are coming from only too late as their aircraft is coming apart and falling to the ground.

This aircraft's Armoured Targets bullets are potent enough to penetrate tanks at this battle-rating, since they can penetrate around 20 mm of armour at 500 m. This, however, is not advised, since the projectiles fired are bullets rather than shells.

== Usage in battles ==


On early maps which tend to favour biplanes and some early monoplanes, the J8A pilot has the option to decide which type of target they will go after and arm up the ammunition to do so. The J8A is a multirole aircraft which can pursue either air-to-air combat, ground attack or both. The J8A is a very effective turn fighter and can hold its own against many early biplanes, but due to its speed, it has the option to turn fight or attempt early Boom & Zoom runs. If flying at an altitude above the enemy aircraft, the J8A can selectively choose targets, swoop down on them and either zoom back up to altitude or zoom away out of range of slower aircraft before turning around.

One of the advantages of this aircraft's low-speed capabilities is its very low stall speed, which lends itself to be handy when strafing ground targets. Lightly armoured targets, such as anti-aircraft artillery, light trucks and some light tanks can be in reach with the J8A. When swooping in at a lower speed and attacking ground targets, after a pass, fly up in a shallow climb and perform a wing-over to immediately face the direction you just came in and begin to target up enemy vehicles and repeat. Fortified pill-boxes, medium and heavy tanks should be avoided, as they will be relatively impervious to 8 mm gunfire unless using Armoured Targets belts, in which case, pillboxes and light tanks may be penetrated at ranges between 100 and 500 m. It will, however, take a fair amount of bullets, so pilots should be wary of their ammo count when engaging ground targets.

J8A fighters work great in teams of two or three. Fighters can rotate being "bait" for enemy aircraft, attempting to take an enemy for a tail and while the enemy if focusing on their target, one or both of your teammates then zip in and take out the enemy target and if you happen to catch them when they are close to stall speed, the easier it will be to eliminate them from the match.

'''Simulator Battles'''

In Simulator battles, like the similar Gladiator, the J8A is excellent in turning tightly and continuously, and it has lovely low-speed handling and low stall speeds, making it a great starter plane for Sim. However it does have its drawbacks: the rather big nose blocks the visibility a lot, offering very poor over-the-nose visibility which is a disadvantage in a turn fight, because when leading a shot the enemy will always get obstructed by the engine, making the player guess the shot. Also its upper wings and various frames and strings between the wings will get in the way when you look aside. Note: it is recommended to set the convergence within 300 m, because the majority of turnfights happen at that range or closer.

Before engaging a fight, it is better to have an altitude advantage first. When approaching the fight try to figure out which is your teammate and which is the enemy, to avoid going for a second pass, as the energy retention of the J8A is rather poor. Also pick your target carefully. For easier aiming, you want to go for those unmanoeuvrable twin engine aircraft for target practice, like [[Ju 88 (Family)|Ju 88]] or [[Ki-45 (Family)|Ki-45]], or bombers if there are any. Given the bad forward visibility of the J8A, these are the best options for Simulator beginners as they are quite slow and sluggish, and are a bigger target to hit. However getting hits on them doesn't mean good damage, so you must be patient. When dealing with fighters, it will be way harder to aim. The elevator control of the J8A is quite sensitive, giving it good manoeuvrability, but at the same time, bad handling. The J8A will respond in a very fast turn upon moving your stick/mouse by a little bit, which makes tracking nimble planes quite hard as it always over-pitch. But once you get used to it, try to lure every enemy into a turnfight, as that is where the J8A shines. If you find an enemy at your six, utilise your great turning ability and simply do tight turns, most monoplanes won't be able to cut inside your turn and they might disengage. However, with biplanes you will need some defensive manoeuvres, like barrel rolls.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

[[Ki-27 otsu]], [[N1K1]], [[He 51 (Family)|He 51]], [[Gladiator (Family)|Gladiator]], etc. - Those commonly seen planes are equally good at turnfights and will be a hard target to down since they are very small and agile. To deal with them you need to practice leading and deflection shots, plus manoeuvres like barrel rolls and scissors. They might survive a few bullets from the 8 mm MGs, so these kind of targets are quite hard to kill and requires great skills from the J8A pilot, especially in simulator.

[[Do 17 Z-2]] - In simulator battles, this early twin engine plane always shows up as an AI controlled recon aircraft that you have to down, which is a good news as AI won't manoeuvre aggressively. However this plane is extremely durable for the J8A's MGs. When it shows up as an AI, deflection shots are not recommended as the small shooting windows really do nothing. Instead, try disabling its 2 gunners first, then just sit behind it and burst on its wings and engines. When attacking the gunners try to not get your engine damaged by pulling evasive manoeuvres as soon as the bullets come close. The Do 17 might outrun the J8A in a level flight if your engine is damaged.

[[He 100 D-1]], [[Bf 109 E-1]], [[He 112 (Family)|He 112]] - These early monoplanes might not be able to out-turn the J8A but they can easily outrun it as the J8A is rather slow. These fighters will usually BnZ you, so you must constantly look above and behind you. If they are diving on you, use your roll rate and dodge under their negative G areas. Most players will try to follow up, if not immediately losing track of you. Several dodges might make them impatient and give up BnZ, and if they really start to turnfight with you, they are pretty much dead.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Can go up to 418 km/h
* Its four 8 mm machine guns can quickly shred other low-rank planes
* 2,000 rounds of ammunition total, can fire continuously about 750 rounds before guns jam
* Very high max altitude for its rank
* Fixed-pitch propeller reduces the need for manual engine control tweaking
* Fantastic rudder control for stall manoeuvres
* Three ammunition belt (Universal, Stealth, and Air targets) have belt composition with 2 incendiary rounds out of 4 rounds
* Very low stall speed

'''Cons:'''

* Climb rate is slower than most other planes that rival it
* Poor roll rate
* Higher than average required takeoff length for biplanes
* No armour protection
* During simulator battles, much of the front view is obscured by the upper wing and canopy framing
* No option for bombs or rockets, strict aerial or ground attack with 8 mm machine guns only

== History ==


=== J8 Gladiator ===
'''Deliveries'''

In 1936, a new defence resolution was made by the Swedish defence ministry to organise one new fighter wing and four new bomber wings in light of rising tensions in Europe. The new fighter wing was intended to provide an aerial defence to the Stockholm region and would consist of three squadrons. After a selection process, the Gloster Gladiator was found to be the aircraft most suited to requirements, and an order was made for 55 aircraft, which were to be locally fitted with engines and armament.

The first Gloster Gladiator was delivered to the Swedish Air Force on April 15th 1937 and locally designated as the 'Jaktplan 8' (J8). While the first few Swedish Gladiators were fitted with the Fairey three-bladed propeller, the decision was taken to switch back to the earlier fixed-pitch two-bladed wooden propeller. The first 37 aircraft were built to Gladiator Mk.I standard with a 645 hp NOHAB-built Bristol Mercury VIS2; the last batch of 18 aircraft were built to Gladiator Mk.II standard with an 840 hp NOHAB-built Bristol Mercury VIII. The former batch thus became known as the J8, while the latter batch was known as the J8A. Both types were armed with the Ksp m/36, which was a license-built version of the Browning M1917 chambered for 8x63 mm ammunition. Deliveries of the Swedish Gloster Gladiator concluded on July 16th 1939, but two aircraft were already lost in service before deliveries were finalised. The Gladiators were initially allocated to F1 Västmanland in 1937 before a new wing was formed. This wing, F8, was transferred to Barkarby, north of Stockholm, in October of 1938, becoming F8 Barkarby.

'''Service life'''

Initial impressions of the Gloster Gladiator were mixed: the type was brand-new (having first flown in 1934 and having entered RAF service in February of 1937), but already conceptually outdated in comparison with types such as the German Bf 109, British Hawker Hurricane and the American P-35. As a result, more modern types were urgently sourced.

International events led to the Swedish J8 to have their combat debut in 1939 - albeit not under Swedish colours. Following the invasion of Finland by the Soviet Union on November 30th 1939, numerous countries offered military support to Finland, including neighbouring Sweden which went as far to form a volunteer squadron - ''Flygflottilj 19'' - which would enter combat under Finnish colours. The F19 Wing consisted of 12 J8A Gloster Gladiators capable of carrying 8 light bombs and 4 B4 Hawker Harts light bombers, supported by a Junkers F13, a Raab-Katzenstein RB-26 and a Waco ZQC-6 liaison aircraft, and was manned entirely by Swedish volunteers. After intense negotiations and preparations during December 1939 and early January 1940, the F19 Wing entered combat on January 12th 1940 with a raid on Soviet troop concentrations and air bases near Märkäjärvi, Salmijärvi and Salla. While the Hawker Hart bombers fared rather badly against enemy opposition (two collided and one was shot down on this first raid, with one crew member killed, two taken prisoner of war and three managing to ski back to their bases), the Gloster Gladiators went on to do rather better during their deployment. Over the course of two months, Swedish pilots claimed 10 kills; other than the 3 Harts lost on the first raid, the unit only lost three Gladiators of which two were lost in accidents (one in a landing accident, pilot unhurt, and one due to structural failure, pilot killed), and one was shot down by Soviet airmen on January 23rd 1940 (pilot killed in action). Following the cease-fire of March 13th 1940, the F19 Wing returned to Sweden and was disbanded.

'''Post winter-war and withdrawal'''

In 1940, F8 Barkarby was re-equipped with the J9 (Seversky EP-1), with the J8s transferred to the F9 Säve wing which was tasked with protecting Gothenborg. The J8's stint with F9 was short, being replaced by the J11 (Fiat CR.42), after which they were used to equip the F10 Ängelholm Wing tasked with protecting Malmö. When the F10 Wing, in turn, was re-equipped with the J20 (Reggiane Re.2000), the J8's role as a frontline fighter in Swedish Air Force service was considered over, and the aircraft were distributed among other wings as advanced trainers, reserves and base hacks. During the latter part of their career in the Swedish Air Force, J8s were used piecemeal by the F8, F9, F10, F13, F16 and F20 wings. About 20 aircraft remained in service at the end of the Second World War, at which point they were progressively withdrawn from service as they were considered as being at the end of their service life. The last three Swedish J8 Gladiators were withdrawn from service on February 10th 1947.

=== Ian Iacobi ===
'''Background'''

Ian Iacobi was born on the 7th of May 1916. Iacobi was born and raised in Stockholm, and thus initially enlisted as a fighter pilot at F8 Barkarby, stationed just outside of town. The division operated Gloster Gladiators, and as the Finnish winter war began, Iacobi enlisted for the Swedish Volunteer Corps to aid the Finnish against the Soviet invasion.
[[File:Ian Iacobi.jpg|alt=grayscale image of Ian Iacobi wearing his uniform, captured in 1940.|thumb|Ian Iacobi pictured in 1940]]
'''Winter War Service'''

Iacobi was stationed at F19 fighter wing, an air division made up of volunteers, and various biplanes provided by the Swedish government. The air division was outfitted with early Bristol Bulldogs, along with the Swedish [[J6B|J6 Jaktfalken]] from December 8th. As the division was being set up, the government decided to send down J8 Gladiators on December 30th, along with volunteered pilots for said aircraft. Ian Iacobi was part of the twelve gladiators that flew missions over Finland and is famous for being the first Swedish aviator in history to down an enemy fighter. This kill was achieved by Iacobi on the 12th of January 1940. This mission, which was an aerial attack against the 145 IAP Soviet air-division made up of [[I-15 (Family)|I-15s]]. The attack was far from a success, as the Swedish division lost three Hawker Harts, two of which collided midair, resulting in a casualty. Ian Iacobi never got his kill confirmed by Soviet officials even after the war, but this isn't outside the box for many aerial victories. Ian Iacobi would take part in many aerial operations over Finland until the end of the Winter War. His second most successful mission was on January 23rd, where Iacobi, along with 8 other Gladiators, provided air support for Finnish Ground-Forces over Märkäjarvi-Salmijärvi. Iacobi was commanding the operation, and together the gladiators fended off the Soviet counterattack, by damaging three other I-15s. In February of the same year, Ian Iacobi took over command of F19, as the old captain went home to Sweden.

'''Post Winter War and later life'''

After the winter war, Iacobi continued his service in the air force, and in April 1941, Iacobi was promoted as a lieutenant at F10 Ängelholm, the southernmost airbase in Sweden. Iacobi would continue to climb ranks during the years and between 1962 and 1966, Ian Iacobi was the wing commander of F10. Ian Iacobi would pass away in 2008 aged 92. Although Iacobi never shot down more than a single plane, his importance during the Winter War, as well as his military service during the Swedish neutrality, makes him a remarkable aviator.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=gladiator_j8a_iacobi Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Other variants in-game

* [[Gladiator (Family)]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Grumman [[F3F-2|F3F]]
* Polikarpov [[I-15 (Family)|I-15]]
* Polikarpov [[I-153 M-62|I-153]]
* Fiat [[CR.32]]
* Fiat [[CR.42]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.ru/index.php?/topic/197035-gloster-gladiator-mk-ii-iis-iif-taka/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance (Russian Forum)]
* [[Wikipedia:Gloster_Gladiator|[Wikipedia] Gloster Gladiator]]
* [http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/gladiator_sweden.htm <nowiki>[Håkans aviation page]</nowiki> J8 Gloster Gladiator in the Swedish Air Force]
* [http://users.kymp.net/mode0522/planes/gladiator.html <nowiki>[Jari Juvonen's page]</nowiki> Gloster Gladiator Mk II ( J8A )]

=== References ===
<references>
<ref name="Facebook">War Thunder Facebook Photos - https://www.facebook.com/WarThunderNA/photos/a.219993068374000/976118789428087/?type=3&theater - used with permission of WT user '''Frying_Tiger'''.</ref>
</references>

{{AirManufacturer Gloster}}
{{Sweden fighters}}
{{Sweden premium aircraft}}

Iacobi's J8A

2022-08-01T21:04:46Z

U135302351: /* Description */

{{About
| about = Swedish premium fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the regular version
| link = J8A
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=gladiator_j8a_iacobi
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Iacobi%27s_JA8.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_gladiator_j8a_iacobi.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} premium Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]]. It was gifted to players during the [[wt:en/news/6536-new-year-in-war-thunder-en|2019 "New year holidays"]] mini-event.

{{PAGENAME}}, or the original Gloster Gladiator Mk II, was developed in an awkward time, in that it was an advancement in biplane technology over what was already in production, however, its time was almost up even before it rolled out the door, as state-of-the-art monoplanes were beginning to take to the skies and outperform even the most advanced biplanes. Though a long future looked grim for the Gladiator, nevertheless it went into production and found a place in the Air Forces not only for the British, but other nations, such as the Swedish.

Initially a private venture by Gloster, the SS.37 started by modifying an existing prototype, the Gloster Gauntlet and outfit it with a Bristol Mercury M.E.30 radial engine and streamlined the existing structure and wings to increase aerodynamic efficiency. By the time trials started, the plane was outfitted with a Mercury IV engine and then retooled for the Mercury VIS engine. Later adjustments outfitted the aircraft with a Mercury IX engine and a two-blade wooden fixed-pitch propeller, though some later models switched to a three-bladed metal pitch-adjustable propeller.

The Gladiator was the last British biplane to be produced, but it was the first one to feature a fully enclosed cockpit and though it entered service with the British, it almost immediately left the service, being replaced by newer-generation fighters such as the Hawker [[Hurricane (Family)|Hurricane]] and Supermarine [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]]. While the British no longer found use for the biplanes, other nations felt they would be a fine addition and countries such as Sweden and 12 other countries nabbed up 216 of the remaining Gladiators. Those picked up by Sweden were redesignated J8A (Jaktplan = fighter airplane).

On 13 December 1939, Sweden, after purchasing aircraft from the UK, including 12 Gladiator Mk II Aircraft (representing 1/3 of the entire Swedish Air Force at that time), formed a volunteer Swedish Air unit in order to assist Finnish Forces in the Winter War.<ref name="Facebook" />

This unit, known as F19, who flew into combat on 12 January 1940, (the first Combat mission for Swedish Air Forces in History) and whose acting commander was Ian Iacobi, was responsible for the northern parts of the country, which were saved from the worst bomb damage and the railway connection between Oulu and Sweden (which was critical for the transport of war material and foodstuffs) that they kept open and in operating condition. The fighters can be counted as having repelled at least 35 enemy bombing sorties to the northern region alone.<ref name="Facebook" />

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The J8A is an average biplane in terms of manoeuvrability, however, it is very stiff to the controls when attempting to roll the aircraft. Though an excellent flyer at lower altitudes and at lower speeds, keeping it's speed up will increase its effectiveness when engaging in turn battles with other aircraft. The Bristol Mercury-IX engine allows this aircraft to reach top speeds of over 400 km/h (~250 mph) and can be a contender with other biplanes, however, it will start to struggle against early monoplanes, such as the Heinkel [[He 112 (Family)|He 112]], Messerschmitt [[Flegel's Bf 109 A|Bf 109A]], Polykarpov [[I-16 (Family)|I-16]] and the Brewster [[F2A-1|F2A]] fighters. Though not as fast, nor does having the armament these do, it does have a turning advantage they do not and can sometimes make a quick turn around or tail-chase a faster fighter long enough to put guns on target and eliminate an enemy.

The J8A has a very low stall speed and with the throttle reduced to around 55%, this fighter can maintain level flight at a speed of about 80 km/h (50 mph) without nosing over. The vertical stabilizer is rather large for an aircraft of this type which lends itself to being an excellent aircraft for performing wing-over and hammerhead manoeuvres, especially when luring newer and unsuspecting enemy pilots into a rope-a-dope manoeuvre allowing for the J8A to immediately change direction and pursue the tailing enemy fighter which may have themselves stalled out and set themselves up to be the perfect target for an inbound J8A.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,420 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 402 || 385 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 16.7 || 17.3 || 13.4 || 13.4 || rowspan="2" | 232
|-
! Upgraded
| 429 || 414 || 15.3 || 16.0 || 18.2 || 15.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 469 || 320 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 240 || < 200 || < 330 || > 190
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,115 m || 810 hp || 826 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


Like many aircraft just prior to the break out of World War II, the J8A was not outfitted with any armour plating. The J8A relied on its engine to get the aircraft where it needed to go and helped the aircraft get into a position where the guns could shoot down an enemy. Any attempts to install armour plating would have only slowed down the already relatively slow biplane, which would not have been worth the trade-off.

To maintain the centre of balance for this fighter, the pilot, fuel tank and engine take up the fuselage from the middle to the front, any attacks on this aircraft in this zone risk hitting a critical component, ending the J8A's fight in the battle earlier than expected. Though a closed cockpit may offer the pilot protection from glancing shots, it will not do much for head-on or side attacks.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}

=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Ksp m/22 (8 mm)}}

'''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 8 mm Ksp m/22 machine guns, side-mounted (600 rpg = 1,200 total)
* 2 x 8 mm Ksp m/22 machine guns, wing-mounted (400 rpg = 800 total)

The Swedish Air Forces decided to not outfit their J8A fighters with the standard .303 machine guns the British typically used, instead, they opted to install four 8 mm Ksp m/22 machine guns, two mounted on each side of the pilot within arm's reach and the other two were mounted one under each side of the lower wing. It is important for pilots of this aircraft to determine at what distance they typically engage enemy aircraft at as convergence of the machine guns is a necessity to manage to effectively put as many bullets as possible into the enemy fighter. Typically in biplanes, a closer convergence setting of 100 to 250 m is best for close-in fighting, typically as one gets farther out from there, bullets lose some of their punch.

Many ace pilots from all sides of the war stated that when the enemy filled the windscreen, there was no way you could not hit, thereby guaranteeing a hit and conserving ammunition. The J8A does not have the machine-gun speed of those found on some Soviet biplanes as it is necessary to synchronize the firing of the guns in the fuselage to fire through the propeller arc. With 2,000 rounds of ammunition distributed between all four machine guns, it is recommended to fire in short bursts, mainly to prevent overheating and jamming of the machine guns. Typically, you can continuously fire about 750 rounds of ammunition before the guns jam up and require a cool down before they can be used again.

When possible, change out the default ammunition belts for either Air Targets belts which are very effective against other biplanes, especially those which have fabric coverings and non-self sealing fuel tanks, as incendiary rounds have a good chance of setting planes on fire, which can rarely put the flames out. Universal belts are also a good choice, and the presence of extra AP rounds will help take down ground targets and more heavily built planes that can be seen in an up-tier, such as [[Hurricane (Family)|Hurricanes]]. For those pilots who like to sneak into a fight and catch enemy aircraft unaware, stealth belts are the way to go as there are no tracer rounds to give away your position. The enemy pilots tend to realize where the stealth bullets are coming from only too late as their aircraft is coming apart and falling to the ground.

This aircraft's Armoured Targets bullets are potent enough to penetrate tanks at this battle-rating, since they can penetrate around 20 mm of armour at 500 m. This, however, is not advised, since the projectiles fired are bullets rather than shells.

== Usage in battles ==


On early maps which tend to favour biplanes and some early monoplanes, the J8A pilot has the option to decide which type of target they will go after and arm up the ammunition to do so. The J8A is a multirole aircraft which can pursue either air-to-air combat, ground attack or both. The J8A is a very effective turn fighter and can hold its own against many early biplanes, but due to its speed, it has the option to turn fight or attempt early Boom & Zoom runs. If flying at an altitude above the enemy aircraft, the J8A can selectively choose targets, swoop down on them and either zoom back up to altitude or zoom away out of range of slower aircraft before turning around.

One of the advantages of this aircraft's low-speed capabilities is its very low stall speed, which lends itself to be handy when strafing ground targets. Lightly armoured targets, such as anti-aircraft artillery, light trucks and some light tanks can be in reach with the J8A. When swooping in at a lower speed and attacking ground targets, after a pass, fly up in a shallow climb and perform a wing-over to immediately face the direction you just came in and begin to target up enemy vehicles and repeat. Fortified pill-boxes, medium and heavy tanks should be avoided, as they will be relatively impervious to 8 mm gunfire unless using Armoured Targets belts, in which case, pillboxes and light tanks may be penetrated at ranges between 100 and 500 m. It will, however, take a fair amount of bullets, so pilots should be wary of their ammo count when engaging ground targets.

J8A fighters work great in teams of two or three. Fighters can rotate being "bait" for enemy aircraft, attempting to take an enemy for a tail and while the enemy if focusing on their target, one or both of your teammates then zip in and take out the enemy target and if you happen to catch them when they are close to stall speed, the easier it will be to eliminate them from the match.

'''Simulator Battles'''

In Simulator battles, like the similar Gladiator, the J8A is excellent in turning tightly and continuously, and it has lovely low-speed handling and low stall speeds, making it a great starter plane for Sim. However it does have its drawbacks: the rather big nose blocks the visibility a lot, offering very poor over-the-nose visibility which is a disadvantage in a turn fight, because when leading a shot the enemy will always get obstructed by the engine, making the player guess the shot. Also its upper wings and various frames and strings between the wings will get in the way when you look aside. Note: it is recommended to set the convergence within 300 m, because the majority of turnfights happen at that range or closer.

Before engaging a fight, it is better to have an altitude advantage first. When approaching the fight try to figure out which is your teammate and which is the enemy, to avoid going for a second pass, as the energy retention of the J8A is rather poor. Also pick your target carefully. For easier aiming, you want to go for those unmanoeuvrable twin engine aircraft for target practice, like [[Ju 88 (Family)|Ju 88]] or [[Ki-45 (Family)|Ki-45]], or bombers if there are any. Given the bad forward visibility of the J8A, these are the best options for Simulator beginners as they are quite slow and sluggish, and are a bigger target to hit. However getting hits on them doesn't mean good damage, so you must be patient. When dealing with fighters, it will be way harder to aim. The elevator control of the J8A is quite sensitive, giving it good manoeuvrability, but at the same time, bad handling. The J8A will respond in a very fast turn upon moving your stick/mouse by a little bit, which makes tracking nimble planes quite hard as it always over-pitch. But once you get used to it, try to lure every enemy into a turnfight, as that is where the J8A shines. If you find an enemy at your six, utilise your great turning ability and simply do tight turns, most monoplanes won't be able to cut inside your turn and they might disengage. However, with biplanes you will need some defensive manoeuvres, like barrel rolls.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

[[Ki-27 otsu]], [[N1K1]], [[He 51 (Family)|He 51]], [[Gladiator (Family)|Gladiator]], etc. - Those commonly seen planes are equally good at turnfights and will be a hard target to down since they are very small and agile. To deal with them you need to practice leading and deflection shots, plus manoeuvres like barrel rolls and scissors. They might survive a few bullets from the 8 mm MGs, so these kind of targets are quite hard to kill and requires great skills from the J8A pilot, especially in simulator.

[[Do 17 Z-2]] - In simulator battles, this early twin engine plane always shows up as an AI controlled recon aircraft that you have to down, which is a good news as AI won't manoeuvre aggressively. However this plane is extremely durable for the J8A's MGs. When it shows up as an AI, deflection shots are not recommended as the small shooting windows really do nothing. Instead, try disabling its 2 gunners first, then just sit behind it and burst on its wings and engines. When attacking the gunners try to not get your engine damaged by pulling evasive manoeuvres as soon as the bullets come close. The Do 17 might outrun the J8A in a level flight if your engine is damaged.

[[He 100 D-1]], [[Bf 109 E-1]], [[He 112 (Family)|He 112]] - These early monoplanes might not be able to out-turn the J8A but they can easily outrun it as the J8A is rather slow. These fighters will usually BnZ you, so you must constantly look above and behind you. If they are diving on you, use your roll rate and dodge under their negative G areas. Most players will try to follow up, if not immediately losing track of you. Several dodges might make them impatient and give up BnZ, and if they really start to turnfight with you, they are pretty much dead.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Can go up to 418 km/h
* Its four 8 mm machine guns can quickly shred other low-rank planes
* 2,000 rounds of ammunition total, can fire continuously about 750 rounds before guns jam
* Very high max altitude for its rank
* Fixed-pitch propeller reduces the need for manual engine control tweaking
* Fantastic rudder control for stall manoeuvres
* Three ammunition belt (Universal, Stealth, and Air targets) have belt composition with 2 incendiary rounds out of 4 rounds
* Very low stall speed

'''Cons:'''

* Climb rate is slower than most other planes that rival it
* Poor roll rate
* Higher than average required takeoff length for biplanes
* No armour protection
* During simulator battles, much of the front view is obscured by the upper wing and canopy framing
* No option for bombs or rockets, strict aerial or ground attack with 8 mm machine guns only

== History ==


=== J8 Gladiator ===
'''Deliveries'''

In 1936, a new defence resolution was made by the Swedish defence ministry to organise one new fighter wing and four new bomber wings in light of rising tensions in Europe. The new fighter wing was intended to provide an aerial defence to the Stockholm region and would consist of three squadrons. After a selection process, the Gloster Gladiator was found to be the aircraft most suited to requirements, and an order was made for 55 aircraft, which were to be locally fitted with engines and armament.

The first Gloster Gladiator was delivered to the Swedish Air Force on April 15th 1937 and locally designated as the 'Jaktplan 8' (J8). While the first few Swedish Gladiators were fitted with the Fairey three-bladed propeller, the decision was taken to switch back to the earlier fixed-pitch two-bladed wooden propeller. The first 37 aircraft were built to Gladiator Mk.I standard with a 645 hp NOHAB-built Bristol Mercury VIS2; the last batch of 18 aircraft were built to Gladiator Mk.II standard with an 840 hp NOHAB-built Bristol Mercury VIII. The former batch thus became known as the J8, while the latter batch was known as the J8A. Both types were armed with the Ksp m/36, which was a license-built version of the Browning M1917 chambered for 8x63 mm ammunition. Deliveries of the Swedish Gloster Gladiator concluded on July 16th 1939, but two aircraft were already lost in service before deliveries were finalised. The Gladiators were initially allocated to F1 Västmanland in 1937 before a new wing was formed. This wing, F8, was transferred to Barkarby, north of Stockholm, in October of 1938, becoming F8 Barkarby.

'''Service life'''

Initial impressions of the Gloster Gladiator were mixed: the type was brand-new (having first flown in 1934 and having entered RAF service in February of 1937), but already conceptually outdated in comparison with types such as the German Bf 109, British Hawker Hurricane and the American P-35. As a result, more modern types were urgently sourced.

International events led to the Swedish J8 to have their combat debut in 1939 - albeit not under Swedish colours. Following the invasion of Finland by the Soviet Union on November 30th 1939, numerous countries offered military support to Finland, including neighbouring Sweden which went as far to form a volunteer squadron - ''Flygflottilj 19'' - which would enter combat under Finnish colours. The F19 Wing consisted of 12 J8A Gloster Gladiators capable of carrying 8 light bombs and 4 B4 Hawker Harts light bombers, supported by a Junkers F13, a Raab-Katzenstein RB-26 and a Waco ZQC-6 liaison aircraft, and was manned entirely by Swedish volunteers. After intense negotiations and preparations during December 1939 and early January 1940, the F19 Wing entered combat on January 12th 1940 with a raid on Soviet troop concentrations and air bases near Märkäjärvi, Salmijärvi and Salla. While the Hawker Hart bombers fared rather badly against enemy opposition (two collided and one was shot down on this first raid, with one crew member killed, two taken prisoner of war and three managing to ski back to their bases), the Gloster Gladiators went on to do rather better during their deployment. Over the course of two months, Swedish pilots claimed 10 kills; other than the 3 Harts lost on the first raid, the unit only lost three Gladiators of which two were lost in accidents (one in a landing accident, pilot unhurt, and one due to structural failure, pilot killed), and one was shot down by Soviet airmen on January 23rd 1940 (pilot killed in action). Following the cease-fire of March 13th 1940, the F19 Wing returned to Sweden and was disbanded.

'''Post winter-war and withdrawal'''

In 1940, F8 Barkarby was re-equipped with the J9 (Seversky EP-1), with the J8s transferred to the F9 Säve wing which was tasked with protecting Gothenborg. The J8's stint with F9 was short, being replaced by the J11 (Fiat CR.42), after which they were used to equip the F10 Ängelholm Wing tasked with protecting Malmö. When the F10 Wing, in turn, was re-equipped with the J20 (Reggiane Re.2000), the J8's role as a frontline fighter in Swedish Air Force service was considered over, and the aircraft were distributed among other wings as advanced trainers, reserves and base hacks. During the latter part of their career in the Swedish Air Force, J8s were used piecemeal by the F8, F9, F10, F13, F16 and F20 wings. About 20 aircraft remained in service at the end of the Second World War, at which point they were progressively withdrawn from service as they were considered as being at the end of their service life. The last three Swedish J8 Gladiators were withdrawn from service on February 10th 1947.

=== Ian Iacobi ===
'''Background'''

Ian Iacobi was born on the 7th of May 1916. Iacobi was born and raised in Stockholm, and thus initially enlisted as a fighter pilot at F8 Barkarby, stationed just outside of town. The division operated Gloster Gladiators, and as the Finnish winter war began, Iacobi enlisted for the Swedish Volunteer Corps to aid the Finnish against the Soviet invasion.
[[File:Ian Iacobi.jpg|alt=grayscale image of Ian Iacobi wearing his uniform, captured in 1940.|thumb|Ian Iacobi pictured in 1940]]
'''Winter War Service'''

Iacobi was stationed at F19 fighter wing, an air division made up of volunteers, and various biplanes provided by the Swedish government. The air division was outfitted with early Bristol Bulldogs, along with the Swedish [[J6B|J6 Jaktfalken]] from December 8th. As the division was being set up, the government decided to send down J8 Gladiators on December 30th, along with volunteered pilots for said aircraft. Ian Iacobi was part of the twelve gladiators that flew missions over Finland and is famous for being the first Swedish aviator in history to down an enemy fighter. This kill was achieved by Iacobi on the 12th of January 1940. This mission, which was an aerial attack against the 145 IAP Soviet air-division made up of [[I-15 (Family)|I-15s]]. The attack was far from a success, as the Swedish division lost three Hawker Harts, two of which collided midair, resulting in a casualty. Ian Iacobi never got his kill confirmed by Soviet officials even after the war, but this isn't outside the box for many aerial victories. Ian Iacobi would take part in many aerial operations over Finland until the end of the Winter War. His second most successful mission was on January 23rd, where Iacobi, along with 8 other Gladiators, provided air support for Finnish Ground-Forces over Märkäjarvi-Salmijärvi. Iacobi was commanding the operation, and together the gladiators fended off the Soviet counterattack, by damaging three other I-15s. In February of the same year, Ian Iacobi took over command of F19, as the old captain went home to Sweden.

'''Post Winter War and later life'''

After the winter war, Iacobi continued his service in the air force, and in April 1941, Iacobi was promoted as a lieutenant at F10 Ängelholm, the southernmost airbase in Sweden. Iacobi would continue to climb ranks during the years and between 1962 and 1966, Ian Iacobi was the wing commander of F10. Ian Iacobi would pass away in 2008 aged 92. Although Iacobi never shot down more than a single plane, his importance during the Winter War, as well as his military service during the Swedish neutrality, makes him a remarkable aviator.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=gladiator_j8a_iacobi Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Other variants in-game

* [[Gladiator (Family)]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Grumman [[F3F-2|F3F]]
* Polikarpov [[I-15 (Family)|I-15]]
* Polikarpov [[I-153 M-62|I-153]]
* Fiat [[CR.32]]
* Fiat [[CR.42]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.ru/index.php?/topic/197035-gloster-gladiator-mk-ii-iis-iif-taka/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance (Russian Forum)]
* [[Wikipedia:Gloster_Gladiator|[Wikipedia] Gloster Gladiator]]
* [http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/gladiator_sweden.htm <nowiki>[Håkans aviation page]</nowiki> J8 Gloster Gladiator in the Swedish Air Force]
* [http://users.kymp.net/mode0522/planes/gladiator.html <nowiki>[Jari Juvonen's page]</nowiki> Gloster Gladiator Mk II ( J8A )]

=== References ===
<references>
<ref name="Facebook">War Thunder Facebook Photos - https://www.facebook.com/WarThunderNA/photos/a.219993068374000/976118789428087/?type=3&theater - used with permission of WT user '''Frying_Tiger'''.</ref>
</references>

{{AirManufacturer Gloster}}
{{Sweden fighters}}
{{Sweden premium aircraft}}

S17BS

2022-08-01T20:51:04Z

U135302351: /* Usage in battles */

{{About
| about = Swedish bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = B17 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_b17bs
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_saab_b17bs.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Raining Fire"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,900 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 381 || 374 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.5 || 22.6 || 4.4 || 4.1 || rowspan="2" | 450
|-
! Upgraded
| 412 || 395 || 18.6 || 20.0 || 7.9 || 6.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 386 || 369 || 280 || ~9 || 6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 300 || < 310 || < 320 || > 320
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 10mm Steel plate in pilot's seat
* 10mm Steel plate in front of gunner*
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (4 in each wing)

<nowiki>*</nowiki>Note that the gunner is rear-facing

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Ksp m/22 Fh (8 mm)|Ksp m/22 Fv (8 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22 Fh machine gun, wing-mounted (500 rpg)
* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22 Fv machine gun, wing-mounted (500 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|sb m/42 (50 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 9 x 50 kg sb m/42 bombs (450 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Ksp m/22-37 R (8 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22-37 R machine gun, dorsal turret (300 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

While seeming unimposing, the ''[https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_b17bs {{PAGENAME}}]'' is not a bad plane. It has two forward facing machine guns, allowing you to dispatch lone enemies or lightly armoured ground targets. With the option to load 9 50 kg bombs, the [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_b17bs ''{{PAGENAME}}''] becomes a potent ground attacker for its battle rating. The pilot should not rely on this plane's maneuverability or speed. It is a slow and methodical plane that requires to gear down from faster and more potently armed planes. In arcade battles, the bombs allow for liberal aiming at specific targets, ideally columns of lightly armoured vehicles. Having a bomb sight means you can stay relatively high without endangering yourself. Should an enemy attempt an attack on you, dive away as quickly as possible. You do not have the turn speed nor the firepower for head-on attacks. The rear gunner, especially if armed with armour piercing bullets, might prove enough of a deterrent for fabric biplanes. If the attacker persists his desire to shoot down the [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_b17bs ''{{PAGENAME}}''], wiggle around. The plane has a sturdy enough construction to resist low calibre rifle rounds and has the strength to withstand a few poorly placed 20 mm cannon shots. When the [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_b17bs ''{{PAGENAME}}''] comes under enemy fire, it isn't unusual to lose the two water landing pontoons, which actually benefits the flight characteristics of the plane. Overall, the plane is a serviceable 1.3 light attacker.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Can land/float on water, unlike its [[B17 (Family)|brothers]]
* Great for bombing anti-aircraft vehicles and light pillboxes
* The 9 x 50 kg sb m/42 bombs perform well in Ground RB

'''Cons:'''

* Slow and large target profile
* Poor manoeuvrability
* Small bomb load
* Has weak defensive armament
* Floats create more drag, making the B-17BS slower than the [[B17B]] and the [[B17A]]

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_b17bs Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|VTHbJYa9SpM|'''Spade Review. B17BS. A Swedish Floaty Boi!''' - ''Joseph 2000''}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden bombers}}

J6B

2022-07-30T21:12:49Z

U135302351: /* Armaments */

{{Specs-Card
|code=j6b
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_j6b.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

Designed and manufactured in Sweden during the early 1930s, the {{PAGENAME}} biplane fighter was the last biplane fighter to be designed in Sweden and the last variant of its series to be built. It was manufactured by ASJA (AB Svenska Järnvägsverkstädernas Aeroplanavdelning) from 1933 to 1935, but the core-design was originally constructed by Svenska Aero AB (SA), which was purchased by ASJA in 1932.

The {{PAGENAME}} served as a fighter aircraft in the Swedish air force between 1934 to 1938 and as a fighter-trainer from 1938 to 1940. Two {{PAGENAME}}s were sent to Finland as war aid during the winter war. In Finland they were designated JF and served as trainers until 1945.

Though not a speedy aircraft compared to other reserve aircraft in the game, the {{PAGENAME}} features extremely good manoeuvrability and two nose-mounted 8 mm fast-firing machine guns which makes it extremely deadly in a skilled pilot's hands, but at the same time, also very forgiving to the new player. It has access to several ammunition belts which allow the {{PAGENAME}} to effectively fight both air and ground targets.

While its slower speed will not see it winning any speed competitions, it does, however, handle well in turning manoeuvres and, if enough altitude is gained, is able to quite effectively do Boom & Zoom manoeuvres, which is useful if fighting other turn-fighters. When firing against other aircraft, the 8 mm machine guns, with their high rate of fire, will do quite a bit of damage if fired within 600 m, but with a skilled player, they can effectively be used out to 1,000 m. Beyond 1,000 m the bullets lose too much energy and start to tumble.

The aircraft might not look impressive on paper, but any pilot with basic air combat knowledge can easily prove that this biplane fighter is no slouch. The great climb rate and manoeuvrability, in combination with some creativity, is all you need to perform and exceed in this aircraft.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 311 || 298 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 14.4 || 15.0 || 13.8 || 13.8 || rowspan="2" | 294
|-
! Upgraded
| 343 || 325 || 13.0 || 13.7 || 20.3 || 16.6
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || N/A || ~13 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 250 || < 200 || < 320 || > 170
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* No armour plating
* No armour glazing
* Critical components located in front of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)

Like many aircraft just prior to the outbreak of World War II, the {{PAGENAME}} was not outfitted with any armour plating. The {{PAGENAME}} was designed during a time period when armour was not seen as viable, due to its added weight. The added weight of armour lowered climb-rate, speed, manoeuvrability, and range greatly due to the low power of most biplanes. Armour first started to appear during the later stages of the 1930s.

To maintain the centre of balance for this fighter, the pilot, fuel tank and engine take up the fuselage from the middle to the front. Any attacks on this aircraft in this zone risk hitting a critical component, ending the {{PAGENAME}}'s fight in the battle earlier than expected. With an open cockpit, fabric coverings and a mediocre engine, the survivability of this aircraft, for the most part, rests in the pilot's hands and their ability to out-fly the enemy pilots.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Ksp m/22 Fh (8 mm)|Ksp m/22 Fv (8 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22 Fh (fixed right) machine gun, nose-mounted (500 rpg)
* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22 Fv (fixed left) machine gun, nose-mounted (500 rpg)

The Swedish Air Force chose to outfit the {{PAGENAME}} with license-built copies of the FN Browning M1919 air cooled aircraft machine gun. These were designated kulspruta m/22 (originally flygplankulspruta m/22), or ksp m/22 for short, in Sweden and were originally chambered for the Swedish 6.5x55 m/94 cartridge. But as this cartridge was seen as too weak against aircraft by 1930, a more powerful 8x63 mm cartridge was introduced in 1932. This cartridge, which went under the designation 8 mm sk ptr m/32 (8 mm skarp patron m/32 - 8 mm live cartridge m/32), was extremely powerful compared to similar cartridges around the world.

==== Gun placement ====
Both guns are mounted in the upper cowling and fire synchronized through the propeller arc. This makes it very easy to aim with the {{PAGENAME}}, as the bullets always flies in the same line as the aircraft. Aircraft with wing mounted guns are much harder to aim, as they have to deal with convergence calculations to hit aircraft. Bullet drop over distance is still a consideration.

Typically in biplanes, the most effective range for disabling or destroying another aircraft is around 100 to 250 m, although reliable damage can be sent out to 600 m or more with a potent pilot. Many ace pilots from all sides of the war stated that when the enemy filled the windscreen, there was no way you could not hit, thereby guaranteeing a hit and conserving ammunition.

===== Effect =====
The fire-rate of the {{PAGENAME}}'s guns are an above-average 1,200 rounds per minute. This is an ideal fire rate, as it is high enough to deal a high amount of damage per minute, but at the same time allow for longer bursts of fire before overheating. The ammunition amount of 500 rounds per gun is also within the ideal for this fire rate. 1,200 rounds per minute means 20 shots per second which in return means that it takes 25 seconds to fire through a full magazine. 25 seconds is more than enough for 4-5 kills if all shots connect. The average burst time before the guns starts to overheat is about 5-6 seconds, which is more than enough time to tear a plane apart.

==== Belts ====
The {{PAGENAME}} has access to 7 belt types. The default belt and ground target belts are effectively the same, as they use the same composition of bullets, except that the order is different. Due to this, there is no reason to use the ground targets belts. The same deal goes for the universal belt and air targets belt. They both share the same composition of bullets, just in a different order.

There are 4 belts which are of use for the average player.

* '''Tracers''': This belt is very effective against other biplanes, especially those that have fabric coverings and non-self-sealing fuel tanks. Tracer bullets, due to their phosphor tracer load, have a good chance of setting unprotected planes on fire. This is a good combination at rank I, as a lot of planes lack self-sealing fuel tanks.
* '''Air targets/Universal''': These belts contain 1 tracer bullet, one armour-piercing bullet and 2 incendiary bullets. As noted previously the tracer bullets are good at setting biplanes on fire. The incendiary bullets are good at setting full-metal monoplanes on fire.
* '''Stealth''': These belts lack a tracer bullet and only consist of armour-piercing and incendiary. Due to this they are ideal for attacking unsuspecting targets, as they cannot see the strings of bullets flying out from your machine guns. On the other hand, neither can you. The way to use stealth is to know the projectile paths by hart so you can calculate the trajectory without tracers. A lot of seasoned players uses stealth belts as they find tracers annoying and misleading.
* '''Armoured targets''': This belt apparently uses tungsten bullets instead of steel. This gives it an impressive penetration of 18 mm at 500 m. This is enough to penetrate some light tanks from the side or from the top. Although, the bullets do minor damage at best. It is possible to engage light pillboxes and light tanks with this belt, unlike the rest.

== Usage in battles ==

The J6B is one of Sweden's reserve aircraft, it is a great introduction to the Swedish aviation tree and it is able to compete with other planes. Like most other reserve aircraft, it lacks speed, armour protection and firepower.

The J6B can be used like any other biplane, thanks to its good manoeuvrability. The J6B takes a while to get to the desired speed to be manoeuvrable enough to repel attackers. It might look like an easy prey, but the J6B's Ksps machine guns are powerful and can make even enemy aircraft at higher BRs regret their decision.

Most notable enemies to be aware of are the [[He 100 D-1]], the [[I-16 (Family)|I-16]], the [[I-153 M-62]], the [[Ki-43 (Family)|Ki-43]] and the [[H-75A-4]].

'''Ground Battles'''

The J6B is effective in ground battles. The 8 mm [[Ksp m/22 (8 mm)|Ksp m/22]] pack a hard punch, having a great penetration capability of 18 mm at 500 m, and 20 mm at 100 m making it a decent at ground battles being able to keep up with the [[M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|M2 Browning]] in the early tiers, in terms of penetration power. That is useful against enemy tanks that have a lightly-armoured top, making them easy targets for the J6B to attack the tank's roof weak spots. The J6B is relatively slow, making it an easy target for low-tier SPAA like [[M13 MGMC]], [[P.7.T AA]] and [[Flakpanzer I]].

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great handling characteristics
* Good climb rate
* Nose mounted armament
* High rate of fire for main guns
* Large ammunition amount
* Large choice of ammunition belts for main guns
* Self-sealing fuel tanks

'''Cons:'''

* Below-average speed near the ground, slow level flight
* Weak armament against full metal aircraft
* Unprotected

== History ==


The {{PAGENAME}} is a Swedish designed and manufactured biplane fighter from the early 1930s. It was the last biplane fighter to be designed in Sweden and the last version of its aircraft-model to be built. Its designer and manufacturer, AB Svenska Järnvägsverkstädernas Aeroplanavdelning (The Swedish iron-works aeroplane department Ltd)(ASJA for short), acquired the base-model when they bought the company Svenska Aero AB (Swedish Aero Ltd)(SA for short) in 1932. Svenska Aero AB had designed and manufactured 3 previous iterations of the {{PAGENAME}} during a 4-year period prior to their acquisition by ASJA in 1932.

To get a good understanding of the {{PAGENAME}}'s history it is necessary to tell the history of its original designer, Svenska Aero AB as well as its previous iterations.

'''Svenska Aero AB'''

Svenska Aero AB was founded in 1921 as a response to the limitations put on the German aviation industry after WWI. Germany was not allowed to export military aircraft which led to a lot of German aviation companies and engineers to move work abroad. One of these were the German pilot and aviation-enthusiast Carl Clemens Bücker, known today for his popular WWII trainer aircraft such as the Bü 131 och Bü 133.

Carl Clemens Bücker had been a marine pilot in WWI, a time period where he among others had befriended Ernst Heinkel. In 1920 after the war, Bücker moved to Sweden in hope of starting an aviation company. After a year in Sweden, Bücker acquired Swedish citizenship and became a pilot for the Swedish torpedo department of Stockholm, as well as an adviser for the Swedish navy air corps. As a starter to his planned aviation company, Bücker planned to buy a reconnaissance aircraft from German company Caspar-Werke, which would then be smuggled to Sweden in parts. To make the purchase easier, Bücker would first have to found his aviation company, which he did with a bit of help from Ernst Heinkel. Once the company was created Bücker quit his job as an adviser for the Swedish navy to become the CEO and sole manager of the company.

The new company was named Svenska Aero AB and operated from the municipality Lidingö in Stockholm. Svenska Aero AB initially built planes under license from Caspar-Werke and Heinkel but the manufacturing capability of Svenska Aero AB was at the start very limited and the first planes built by the company were in fact fabricated secretly in Germany by Caspar-Werke or Heinkel and later put together by the Swedish torpedo department of Stockholm were Bücker had connections. Eventually though, around 1927, the company instituted their own construction department with the intent to construct in-house designs. A Swedish airplane constructor by the name of Sven Blomberg was hired as chief designer. Blomberg had previously worked for Heinkel Flugzeugwerke in Germany.

'''SA-11 Jaktfalken (J5)'''

Once the construction department was set up the company initiated the construction of 2 aircraft which they intended to propose to the newly formed Swedish air force. One of these was a fighter which they came to name Jaktfalken (the Gyrfalcon).

In 1928, Svenska Aero AB on their own initiative asked the Swedish air force for some preliminary guidelines for a fighter aircraft with the intent that they would develop such an aircraft for the Swedish air force at their own expense. The Swedish air force agreed and gave some basic specifications for what they wanted. Upon receiving these specifications Svenska Aero AB started a private venture to develop this fighter. As the company had deep ties to Heinkel a lot of design elements were taken directly from their aircraft. Svenska Aero also took a lot of inspiration from other fighter aircraft of the era.

The end product became known as SA-11 Jaktfalken (The Gyrfalcon), a conventional biplane fighter based on a mixed construction of fabric covered steel tubes and aluminium plates. The engine was an Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar radial engine with 500 hp. This propelled the SA-11 up to a maximum speed of 285 km/h. A prototype was finished in 1929 and was flight ready by fall that year. The Swedish air force was impressed with Svenska Aero AB's fighter aircraft and wanted to test the prototype at the Svea air force wing in Barkarby. The Swedish air force test pilot Nils Söderberg was selected to fly the aircraft during this test. The first flights were problem free and after one of the landings Nils Söderberg commented that it was the best aircraft he had ever flown. Not long after, on the 11th of november 1929, the SA-11 was demonstrated before Swedish authorities and press who all noted how good of an aircraft it was. After this the Swedish air force decided to acquire 3 Jaktfalken-planes, the initial prototype as well as 2 improved ones. These would then be used in trials against 3 Bristol Bulldogs Mk.IIs the air force planned to acquire.

On the 9th of February 1930, the SA-11 prototype was purchased by the Swedish air force and given the designation J5, J standing for Jakt (Pursuit) and 5 meaning that it was the fifth registered fighter aircraft of the Swedish air force. ''(A note of interest is that the Swedish air force at this time numbered aircraft types based on their role. For example J1, J2, J3 and B1, B2, B3 etc. This was seen as somewhat problematic when planes changed roles. For example S7 was changed into B4. After 1940 that system was scrapped and numbers were given to each main aircraft type, for example Fpl 20, Fpl 21, Fpl 22, starting from the number 15. This way planes could easily be re-designated in case they had to change role. For example B18 > S18, or J29 > A29.)''

'''SA-14 Jaktfalkten I (J6)'''

By February 1930, the Swedish air force decided that the 2 improved Jaktfalken-planes were to use Bristol Jupiter VI engines which required Svenska Aero AB to modify the design in various ways. These aircraft were named SA-14 Jaktfalken I (The Gyrfalcon 1) internally and received the designation J6 in the Swedish air force. An order for 5 more J6s soon followed for more testing.

Initial tests with the J6 showed complications with vibrations in the tail section. Both Svenska Aero AB and the Swedish air force's own production facilities tried to fix the problem without success. Despite this all aircraft entered service. Once the ordered Bristol Bulldogs had arrived in Sweden it was time for trials between them and the J6. The Bristol Bulldog formally entered service as the J7 in the Swedish air force. Trials between the J6 and J7 showed that the J6 had superior manoeuvrability and was easier to fly compared to the J7. However due to the limited production capacity of Svenska Aero AB the Swedish air force realized that they could never adopt the J6 in sufficient numbers. They tried to buy a license from Svenska Aero AB to produce the J6 in their own facilities but Svenska Aero AB turned it down. Due to this the Swedish air force decided in May 1931 to buy 8 improved Bristol Bulldog Mk.IIA-planes (J7A) to fulfil their needs. This prompted Svenska Aero AB to design an improved SA-14 for the air force to test.

'''SA-14 Jaktfalkten II (J6A & {{PAGENAME}})'''

The improved SA-14 got the name Jaktfalken II and featured a more powerful Jupiter VIIF engine as well an improved fuselage and landing gear. The Swedish air force decided to order 3 copies of Jaktfalken II for trials in late 1931. At this stage Svenska Aero AB was losing money due to the low orders from the Swedish air force. This prompted Bücker to sell the company to ASJA in 1932, after which he returned to Germany where he would found the much more successful Bücker Flugzeugbau aviation company.

The Swedish air force was however not finished with the J6 design. The Bristol Bulldog (J7) had shown itself to be a problematic design and 3 out of 11 aircraft had been destroyed within 2 years of entering service. On top of that the aircraft was prone to failure and almost every J7 in use had crash landed on at least one occasion. (A note of interest is that only two out of the original eleven J7s survived by the end of 1936) The J6s on the other hand had proven themselves as safe aircraft with only 1 destroyed by the summer of 1933. Due to this the Swedish air force ordered 7 improved Jaktfalken II aircraft from ASJA who now owned the design. ASJA further improved on the J6A design by modifying the windscreen and elevator which meant that the aircraft had to be considered a separate variant from the J6A. Due to this the 7 new planes got the designation {{PAGENAME}}.

'''{{PAGENAME}} service life'''

The {{PAGENAME}} entered service with the Swedish air force in 1934 with the last aircraft being delivered in 1935. In service the {{PAGENAME}} would serve with the F1 air force wing where it would initially be used as a fighter before being relegated to a fighter-trainer in 1938. By this time the {{PAGENAME}} was hopelessly outdated even as a fighter trainer and by 1940 the planes were put in storage and eventually scrapped in 1941.

However, two {{PAGENAME}}s and one J6A were donated as war aid to Finland during the winter war. In Finnish service they would be re-designated to JF (for '''J'''akt'''f'''alken) and used as trainers. Finland would continue to use the JF until 1945 when they were all pulled from service and scrapped.

=== [[wt:en/news/6486-development-j6b-jaktfalken-ii-falcon-from-the-north-en|Devblog]] ===
Researching any game nation in War Thunder begins with its reserves, and that's why we've chosen this aircraft as today's guest: the pre-war J6B Jaktfalken II (“gyrfalcon”) biplane fighter from Svenska Aero AB. This aircraft's story began in 1930, when Swedish company Svenska Aero AB released the J5 Jaktfalken fighter. The J5 was adequate, but nothing special compared to the foreign models being released in Sweden under license. The one thing the world's air forces truly lacked was training aircraft. Svenska Aero AB rushed to modify the J5 and converted it to a training fighter. The prototype was given the in-house designation SA14 but in the Swedish Air Force it was named the J6 Jaktfalken I, and it entered testing in 1930. A total of seven aircraft were built and joined the F5 lineup.

In the summer of 1931, the Swedish Air Force approved the production of three more Jaktfalken I fighter aircraft. The new vehicles were completely reworked in comparison to the previous model. They were produced in 1932 and put into service under the designation J6A.

The J6B appeared a little later, when the Swedish government ordered seven more aircraft. These in turn also underwent a lot of improvements. The new series was put into service in Sweden in 1935, and all the aircraft were retired by 1941.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=j6b Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:J6B WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:J6B WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:J6B WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:J6B WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:J6B WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:J6B WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Hawker [[Nimrod Mk I|Nimrod]]
* Heinkel [[He 51 (Family)|He 51]]
* Kawasaki [[Ki-10 (Family)|Ki-10]]
* Fiat [[CR.32 (Family)|CR.32]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6486-development-j6b-jaktfalken-ii-falcon-from-the-north-en|[Development] J6B Jaktfalken II - Falcon from the North]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/474727-j6b/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden fighters}}

J6B

2022-07-30T21:02:41Z

U135302351: /* Survivability and armour */

{{Specs-Card
|code=j6b
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_j6b.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

Designed and manufactured in Sweden during the early 1930s, the {{PAGENAME}} biplane fighter was the last biplane fighter to be designed in Sweden and the last variant of its series to be built. It was manufactured by ASJA (AB Svenska Järnvägsverkstädernas Aeroplanavdelning) from 1933 to 1935, but the core-design was originally constructed by Svenska Aero AB (SA), which was purchased by ASJA in 1932.

The {{PAGENAME}} served as a fighter aircraft in the Swedish air force between 1934 to 1938 and as a fighter-trainer from 1938 to 1940. Two {{PAGENAME}}s were sent to Finland as war aid during the winter war. In Finland they were designated JF and served as trainers until 1945.

Though not a speedy aircraft compared to other reserve aircraft in the game, the {{PAGENAME}} features extremely good manoeuvrability and two nose-mounted 8 mm fast-firing machine guns which makes it extremely deadly in a skilled pilot's hands, but at the same time, also very forgiving to the new player. It has access to several ammunition belts which allow the {{PAGENAME}} to effectively fight both air and ground targets.

While its slower speed will not see it winning any speed competitions, it does, however, handle well in turning manoeuvres and, if enough altitude is gained, is able to quite effectively do Boom & Zoom manoeuvres, which is useful if fighting other turn-fighters. When firing against other aircraft, the 8 mm machine guns, with their high rate of fire, will do quite a bit of damage if fired within 600 m, but with a skilled player, they can effectively be used out to 1,000 m. Beyond 1,000 m the bullets lose too much energy and start to tumble.

The aircraft might not look impressive on paper, but any pilot with basic air combat knowledge can easily prove that this biplane fighter is no slouch. The great climb rate and manoeuvrability, in combination with some creativity, is all you need to perform and exceed in this aircraft.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 311 || 298 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 14.4 || 15.0 || 13.8 || 13.8 || rowspan="2" | 294
|-
! Upgraded
| 343 || 325 || 13.0 || 13.7 || 20.3 || 16.6
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || N/A || ~13 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 250 || < 200 || < 320 || > 170
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* No armour plating
* No armour glazing
* Critical components located in front of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)

Like many aircraft just prior to the outbreak of World War II, the {{PAGENAME}} was not outfitted with any armour plating. The {{PAGENAME}} was designed during a time period when armour was not seen as viable, due to its added weight. The added weight of armour lowered climb-rate, speed, manoeuvrability, and range greatly due to the low power of most biplanes. Armour first started to appear during the later stages of the 1930s.

To maintain the centre of balance for this fighter, the pilot, fuel tank and engine take up the fuselage from the middle to the front. Any attacks on this aircraft in this zone risk hitting a critical component, ending the {{PAGENAME}}'s fight in the battle earlier than expected. With an open cockpit, fabric coverings and a mediocre engine, the survivability of this aircraft, for the most part, rests in the pilot's hands and their ability to out-fly the enemy pilots.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Ksp m/22 Fh (8 mm)|Ksp m/22 Fv (8 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22 Fh (fixed right) machine gun, nose-mounted (500 rpg)
* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22 Fv (fixed left) machine gun, nose-mounted (500 rpg)

The Swedish Air Force chose to outfit the {{PAGENAME}} with license-built copies of the FN Browning M1919 air cooled aircraft machine gun. These were designated kulspruta m/22 (originally flygplankulspruta m/22), or ksp m/22 for short, in Sweden and were originally chambered for the Swedish 6.5x55 m/94 cartridge. But as this cartridge was seen as too weak against aircraft by 1930, a more powerful 8x63 mm cartridge was introduced in 1932. This cartridge, which went under the designation 8 mm sk ptr m/32 (8 mm skarp patron m/32 - 8 mm live cartridge m/32), was extremely powerful compared to similar cartridges around the world.

==== Gun placement ====
Both guns are mounted in the upper cowling and fire synchronized through the propeller arc. This makes it very easy to aim with the {{PAGENAME}} as the bullets always flies in the same line as the aircraft. Aircraft with wing mounted guns are much harder to aim as they have to deal with convergence calculations to hit aircraft. However, bullet drop over distance is still a consideration.

Typically in biplanes, the most effective range for disabling or destroying another aircraft is around 100 to 250 m, although reliable damage can be sent out to ca. 600 m or more with a potent pilot. Many ace pilots from all sides of the war stated that when the enemy filled the windscreen, there was no way you could not hit, thereby guaranteeing a hit and conserving ammunition.

===== Effect =====
The fire-rate of the {{PAGENAME}}'s guns are an above-average 1,200 rounds per minute. This is an ideal fire rate as it is high enough to deal a high amount of damage per minute (DPS) but at the same time allow for longer bursts of fire before overheating. The ammunition amount of 500 rounds per gun is also within the ideal for this fire rate. 1,200 rounds per minute means 20 shots per second which in return means that it takes 25 seconds to fire through a full magazine. 25 seconds is more than enough for 4-5 kills if all shots connect. The average burst time before the guns starts to overheat is about 5-6 seconds which is more than enough time to tear a plane apart.

==== Belts ====
The {{PAGENAME}} has access to 7 belt types. The default belt and ground target belts are effectively the same as they use the same composition of bullets except that the order is different. Due to this there is no reason to use the ground targets belts. The same deal goes for the universal belt and air targets belt. They both share the same composition of bullets except that the order is different.

In any case, there are 4 belts which are of use for the average player.

* '''Tracers''': This belt is very effective against other biplanes, especially those that have fabric coverings and non-self-sealing fuel tanks. Tracer bullets, due to their phosphor tracer load, have a good chance of setting unprotected planes on fire. This is a good combination at rank I as a lot of planes lack self-sealing fuel tanks.
* '''Air targets/Universal''': These belts contain 1 tracer bullet, one armour-piercing bullet and 2 incendiary bullets. As noted previously the tracer bullets are good at setting biplanes on fire. The incendiary bullets are good at setting full metal monoplanes on fire.
* '''Stealth''': These belts lack a tracer bullet and only consist of armour-piercing and incendiary. Due to this they are ideal for attacking unsuspecting targets as they cannot see the strings of bullets flying out from your machine guns. On the other hand, neither can you. The way to use stealth is to know the projectile paths by hart so you can calculate the trajectory without tracers. A lot of seasoned players uses stealth belts as they find tracers annoying and misleading.
* '''Armoured targets''': This belt apparently uses tungsten bullets instead of steel. This gives it an impressive penetration of 18 mm at 500 m. This is enough to penetrate some light tanks from the side or from the top. Although, the bullets do minor damage at best. In any case it is possible to engage light pillboxes and light tanks with this belt unlike the rest.

== Usage in battles ==

The J6B is one of Sweden's reserve aircraft, it is a great introduction to the Swedish aviation tree and it is able to compete with other planes. Like most other reserve aircraft, it lacks speed, armour protection and firepower.

The J6B can be used like any other biplane, thanks to its good manoeuvrability. However, the J6B takes a while to get to the desired speed to be manoeuvrable enough to repel attackers. It might look like an easy prey, but the J6B's Ksps machine guns are powerful and can make even enemy aircraft at higher BRs become easy prey.

Most notable enemies to be aware of are the [[He 100 D-1]], the [[I-16 (Family)|I-16]], the [[I-153 M-62]], the [[Ki-43 (Family)|Ki-43]] and the [[H-75A-4]].

'''Ground Battles'''

The J6B is effective in ground battles. The 8 mm [[Ksp m/22 (8 mm)|Ksp m/22]] pack a hard punch, having a great penetration capability of 18 mm at 500 m, and 20 mm at 100 m making it a decent at ground battles being able to keep up with the [[M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|M2 Browning]] in the early tiers in terms of penetration power. That is useful against enemy tanks that have a lightly-armoured top, making them easy targets for the J6B to attack the tank's roof weak spots. But the J6B is relatively slow, making it an easy target for low-tier SPAA like [[M13 MGMC]], [[P.7.T AA]] and [[Flakpanzer I]].

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great handling characteristics
* Good climb rate
* Nose mounted armament
* High rate of fire for main guns
* Large ammunition amount
* Large choice of ammunition belts for main guns
* Self-sealing fuel tanks

'''Cons:'''

* Below-average speed near the ground, slow level flight
* Weak armament against full metal aircraft
* Unprotected

== History ==


The {{PAGENAME}} is a Swedish designed and manufactured biplane fighter from the early 1930s. It was the last biplane fighter to be designed in Sweden and the last version of its aircraft-model to be built. Its designer and manufacturer, AB Svenska Järnvägsverkstädernas Aeroplanavdelning (The Swedish iron-works aeroplane department Ltd)(ASJA for short), acquired the base-model when they bought the company Svenska Aero AB (Swedish Aero Ltd)(SA for short) in 1932. Svenska Aero AB had designed and manufactured 3 previous iterations of the {{PAGENAME}} during a 4-year period prior to their acquisition by ASJA in 1932.

To get a good understanding of the {{PAGENAME}}'s history it is necessary to tell the history of its original designer, Svenska Aero AB as well as its previous iterations.

'''Svenska Aero AB'''

Svenska Aero AB was founded in 1921 as a response to the limitations put on the German aviation industry after WWI. Germany was not allowed to export military aircraft which led to a lot of German aviation companies and engineers to move work abroad. One of these were the German pilot and aviation-enthusiast Carl Clemens Bücker, known today for his popular WWII trainer aircraft such as the Bü 131 och Bü 133.

Carl Clemens Bücker had been a marine pilot in WWI, a time period where he among others had befriended Ernst Heinkel. In 1920 after the war, Bücker moved to Sweden in hope of starting an aviation company. After a year in Sweden, Bücker acquired Swedish citizenship and became a pilot for the Swedish torpedo department of Stockholm, as well as an adviser for the Swedish navy air corps. As a starter to his planned aviation company, Bücker planned to buy a reconnaissance aircraft from German company Caspar-Werke, which would then be smuggled to Sweden in parts. To make the purchase easier, Bücker would first have to found his aviation company, which he did with a bit of help from Ernst Heinkel. Once the company was created Bücker quit his job as an adviser for the Swedish navy to become the CEO and sole manager of the company.

The new company was named Svenska Aero AB and operated from the municipality Lidingö in Stockholm. Svenska Aero AB initially built planes under license from Caspar-Werke and Heinkel but the manufacturing capability of Svenska Aero AB was at the start very limited and the first planes built by the company were in fact fabricated secretly in Germany by Caspar-Werke or Heinkel and later put together by the Swedish torpedo department of Stockholm were Bücker had connections. Eventually though, around 1927, the company instituted their own construction department with the intent to construct in-house designs. A Swedish airplane constructor by the name of Sven Blomberg was hired as chief designer. Blomberg had previously worked for Heinkel Flugzeugwerke in Germany.

'''SA-11 Jaktfalken (J5)'''

Once the construction department was set up the company initiated the construction of 2 aircraft which they intended to propose to the newly formed Swedish air force. One of these was a fighter which they came to name Jaktfalken (the Gyrfalcon).

In 1928, Svenska Aero AB on their own initiative asked the Swedish air force for some preliminary guidelines for a fighter aircraft with the intent that they would develop such an aircraft for the Swedish air force at their own expense. The Swedish air force agreed and gave some basic specifications for what they wanted. Upon receiving these specifications Svenska Aero AB started a private venture to develop this fighter. As the company had deep ties to Heinkel a lot of design elements were taken directly from their aircraft. Svenska Aero also took a lot of inspiration from other fighter aircraft of the era.

The end product became known as SA-11 Jaktfalken (The Gyrfalcon), a conventional biplane fighter based on a mixed construction of fabric covered steel tubes and aluminium plates. The engine was an Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar radial engine with 500 hp. This propelled the SA-11 up to a maximum speed of 285 km/h. A prototype was finished in 1929 and was flight ready by fall that year. The Swedish air force was impressed with Svenska Aero AB's fighter aircraft and wanted to test the prototype at the Svea air force wing in Barkarby. The Swedish air force test pilot Nils Söderberg was selected to fly the aircraft during this test. The first flights were problem free and after one of the landings Nils Söderberg commented that it was the best aircraft he had ever flown. Not long after, on the 11th of november 1929, the SA-11 was demonstrated before Swedish authorities and press who all noted how good of an aircraft it was. After this the Swedish air force decided to acquire 3 Jaktfalken-planes, the initial prototype as well as 2 improved ones. These would then be used in trials against 3 Bristol Bulldogs Mk.IIs the air force planned to acquire.

On the 9th of February 1930, the SA-11 prototype was purchased by the Swedish air force and given the designation J5, J standing for Jakt (Pursuit) and 5 meaning that it was the fifth registered fighter aircraft of the Swedish air force. ''(A note of interest is that the Swedish air force at this time numbered aircraft types based on their role. For example J1, J2, J3 and B1, B2, B3 etc. This was seen as somewhat problematic when planes changed roles. For example S7 was changed into B4. After 1940 that system was scrapped and numbers were given to each main aircraft type, for example Fpl 20, Fpl 21, Fpl 22, starting from the number 15. This way planes could easily be re-designated in case they had to change role. For example B18 > S18, or J29 > A29.)''

'''SA-14 Jaktfalkten I (J6)'''

By February 1930, the Swedish air force decided that the 2 improved Jaktfalken-planes were to use Bristol Jupiter VI engines which required Svenska Aero AB to modify the design in various ways. These aircraft were named SA-14 Jaktfalken I (The Gyrfalcon 1) internally and received the designation J6 in the Swedish air force. An order for 5 more J6s soon followed for more testing.

Initial tests with the J6 showed complications with vibrations in the tail section. Both Svenska Aero AB and the Swedish air force's own production facilities tried to fix the problem without success. Despite this all aircraft entered service. Once the ordered Bristol Bulldogs had arrived in Sweden it was time for trials between them and the J6. The Bristol Bulldog formally entered service as the J7 in the Swedish air force. Trials between the J6 and J7 showed that the J6 had superior manoeuvrability and was easier to fly compared to the J7. However due to the limited production capacity of Svenska Aero AB the Swedish air force realized that they could never adopt the J6 in sufficient numbers. They tried to buy a license from Svenska Aero AB to produce the J6 in their own facilities but Svenska Aero AB turned it down. Due to this the Swedish air force decided in May 1931 to buy 8 improved Bristol Bulldog Mk.IIA-planes (J7A) to fulfil their needs. This prompted Svenska Aero AB to design an improved SA-14 for the air force to test.

'''SA-14 Jaktfalkten II (J6A & {{PAGENAME}})'''

The improved SA-14 got the name Jaktfalken II and featured a more powerful Jupiter VIIF engine as well an improved fuselage and landing gear. The Swedish air force decided to order 3 copies of Jaktfalken II for trials in late 1931. At this stage Svenska Aero AB was losing money due to the low orders from the Swedish air force. This prompted Bücker to sell the company to ASJA in 1932, after which he returned to Germany where he would found the much more successful Bücker Flugzeugbau aviation company.

The Swedish air force was however not finished with the J6 design. The Bristol Bulldog (J7) had shown itself to be a problematic design and 3 out of 11 aircraft had been destroyed within 2 years of entering service. On top of that the aircraft was prone to failure and almost every J7 in use had crash landed on at least one occasion. (A note of interest is that only two out of the original eleven J7s survived by the end of 1936) The J6s on the other hand had proven themselves as safe aircraft with only 1 destroyed by the summer of 1933. Due to this the Swedish air force ordered 7 improved Jaktfalken II aircraft from ASJA who now owned the design. ASJA further improved on the J6A design by modifying the windscreen and elevator which meant that the aircraft had to be considered a separate variant from the J6A. Due to this the 7 new planes got the designation {{PAGENAME}}.

'''{{PAGENAME}} service life'''

The {{PAGENAME}} entered service with the Swedish air force in 1934 with the last aircraft being delivered in 1935. In service the {{PAGENAME}} would serve with the F1 air force wing where it would initially be used as a fighter before being relegated to a fighter-trainer in 1938. By this time the {{PAGENAME}} was hopelessly outdated even as a fighter trainer and by 1940 the planes were put in storage and eventually scrapped in 1941.

However, two {{PAGENAME}}s and one J6A were donated as war aid to Finland during the winter war. In Finnish service they would be re-designated to JF (for '''J'''akt'''f'''alken) and used as trainers. Finland would continue to use the JF until 1945 when they were all pulled from service and scrapped.

=== [[wt:en/news/6486-development-j6b-jaktfalken-ii-falcon-from-the-north-en|Devblog]] ===
Researching any game nation in War Thunder begins with its reserves, and that's why we've chosen this aircraft as today's guest: the pre-war J6B Jaktfalken II (“gyrfalcon”) biplane fighter from Svenska Aero AB. This aircraft's story began in 1930, when Swedish company Svenska Aero AB released the J5 Jaktfalken fighter. The J5 was adequate, but nothing special compared to the foreign models being released in Sweden under license. The one thing the world's air forces truly lacked was training aircraft. Svenska Aero AB rushed to modify the J5 and converted it to a training fighter. The prototype was given the in-house designation SA14 but in the Swedish Air Force it was named the J6 Jaktfalken I, and it entered testing in 1930. A total of seven aircraft were built and joined the F5 lineup.

In the summer of 1931, the Swedish Air Force approved the production of three more Jaktfalken I fighter aircraft. The new vehicles were completely reworked in comparison to the previous model. They were produced in 1932 and put into service under the designation J6A.

The J6B appeared a little later, when the Swedish government ordered seven more aircraft. These in turn also underwent a lot of improvements. The new series was put into service in Sweden in 1935, and all the aircraft were retired by 1941.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=j6b Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:J6B WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:J6B WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:J6B WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:J6B WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:J6B WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:J6B WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Hawker [[Nimrod Mk I|Nimrod]]
* Heinkel [[He 51 (Family)|He 51]]
* Kawasaki [[Ki-10 (Family)|Ki-10]]
* Fiat [[CR.32 (Family)|CR.32]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6486-development-j6b-jaktfalken-ii-falcon-from-the-north-en|[Development] J6B Jaktfalken II - Falcon from the North]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/474727-j6b/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden fighters}}

J6B

2022-07-30T21:01:43Z

U135302351: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=j6b
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_j6b.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

Designed and manufactured in Sweden during the early 1930s, the {{PAGENAME}} biplane fighter was the last biplane fighter to be designed in Sweden and the last variant of its series to be built. It was manufactured by ASJA (AB Svenska Järnvägsverkstädernas Aeroplanavdelning) from 1933 to 1935, but the core-design was originally constructed by Svenska Aero AB (SA), which was purchased by ASJA in 1932.

The {{PAGENAME}} served as a fighter aircraft in the Swedish air force between 1934 to 1938 and as a fighter-trainer from 1938 to 1940. Two {{PAGENAME}}s were sent to Finland as war aid during the winter war. In Finland they were designated JF and served as trainers until 1945.

Though not a speedy aircraft compared to other reserve aircraft in the game, the {{PAGENAME}} features extremely good manoeuvrability and two nose-mounted 8 mm fast-firing machine guns which makes it extremely deadly in a skilled pilot's hands, but at the same time, also very forgiving to the new player. It has access to several ammunition belts which allow the {{PAGENAME}} to effectively fight both air and ground targets.

While its slower speed will not see it winning any speed competitions, it does, however, handle well in turning manoeuvres and, if enough altitude is gained, is able to quite effectively do Boom & Zoom manoeuvres, which is useful if fighting other turn-fighters. When firing against other aircraft, the 8 mm machine guns, with their high rate of fire, will do quite a bit of damage if fired within 600 m, but with a skilled player, they can effectively be used out to 1,000 m. Beyond 1,000 m the bullets lose too much energy and start to tumble.

The aircraft might not look impressive on paper, but any pilot with basic air combat knowledge can easily prove that this biplane fighter is no slouch. The great climb rate and manoeuvrability, in combination with some creativity, is all you need to perform and exceed in this aircraft.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 311 || 298 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 14.4 || 15.0 || 13.8 || 13.8 || rowspan="2" | 294
|-
! Upgraded
| 343 || 325 || 13.0 || 13.7 || 20.3 || 16.6
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || N/A || ~13 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 250 || < 200 || < 320 || > 170
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* No armour plating
* No armour glazing
* Critical components located in front of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)

Like many aircraft just prior to the outbreak of World War II, the {{PAGENAME}} was not outfitted with any armour plating. The {{PAGENAME}} was designed during a time period when armour was not seen as viable due to its added weight. The added weight of armour lowered climb-rate, speed, manoeuvrability, and range greatly due to the low power of most biplanes. Armour first started to appear during the later stages of the 1930s.

To maintain the centre of balance for this fighter, the pilot, fuel tank and engine take up the fuselage from the middle to the front. Any attacks on this aircraft in this zone risk hitting a critical component, ending the {{PAGENAME}}'s fight in the battle earlier than expected. With an open cockpit, fabric coverings and a mediocre engine, the survivability of this aircraft, for the most part, rests in the pilot's hands and their ability to out-fly the enemy pilots.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Ksp m/22 Fh (8 mm)|Ksp m/22 Fv (8 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22 Fh (fixed right) machine gun, nose-mounted (500 rpg)
* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22 Fv (fixed left) machine gun, nose-mounted (500 rpg)

The Swedish Air Force chose to outfit the {{PAGENAME}} with license-built copies of the FN Browning M1919 air cooled aircraft machine gun. These were designated kulspruta m/22 (originally flygplankulspruta m/22), or ksp m/22 for short, in Sweden and were originally chambered for the Swedish 6.5x55 m/94 cartridge. But as this cartridge was seen as too weak against aircraft by 1930, a more powerful 8x63 mm cartridge was introduced in 1932. This cartridge, which went under the designation 8 mm sk ptr m/32 (8 mm skarp patron m/32 - 8 mm live cartridge m/32), was extremely powerful compared to similar cartridges around the world.

==== Gun placement ====
Both guns are mounted in the upper cowling and fire synchronized through the propeller arc. This makes it very easy to aim with the {{PAGENAME}} as the bullets always flies in the same line as the aircraft. Aircraft with wing mounted guns are much harder to aim as they have to deal with convergence calculations to hit aircraft. However, bullet drop over distance is still a consideration.

Typically in biplanes, the most effective range for disabling or destroying another aircraft is around 100 to 250 m, although reliable damage can be sent out to ca. 600 m or more with a potent pilot. Many ace pilots from all sides of the war stated that when the enemy filled the windscreen, there was no way you could not hit, thereby guaranteeing a hit and conserving ammunition.

===== Effect =====
The fire-rate of the {{PAGENAME}}'s guns are an above-average 1,200 rounds per minute. This is an ideal fire rate as it is high enough to deal a high amount of damage per minute (DPS) but at the same time allow for longer bursts of fire before overheating. The ammunition amount of 500 rounds per gun is also within the ideal for this fire rate. 1,200 rounds per minute means 20 shots per second which in return means that it takes 25 seconds to fire through a full magazine. 25 seconds is more than enough for 4-5 kills if all shots connect. The average burst time before the guns starts to overheat is about 5-6 seconds which is more than enough time to tear a plane apart.

==== Belts ====
The {{PAGENAME}} has access to 7 belt types. The default belt and ground target belts are effectively the same as they use the same composition of bullets except that the order is different. Due to this there is no reason to use the ground targets belts. The same deal goes for the universal belt and air targets belt. They both share the same composition of bullets except that the order is different.

In any case, there are 4 belts which are of use for the average player.

* '''Tracers''': This belt is very effective against other biplanes, especially those that have fabric coverings and non-self-sealing fuel tanks. Tracer bullets, due to their phosphor tracer load, have a good chance of setting unprotected planes on fire. This is a good combination at rank I as a lot of planes lack self-sealing fuel tanks.
* '''Air targets/Universal''': These belts contain 1 tracer bullet, one armour-piercing bullet and 2 incendiary bullets. As noted previously the tracer bullets are good at setting biplanes on fire. The incendiary bullets are good at setting full metal monoplanes on fire.
* '''Stealth''': These belts lack a tracer bullet and only consist of armour-piercing and incendiary. Due to this they are ideal for attacking unsuspecting targets as they cannot see the strings of bullets flying out from your machine guns. On the other hand, neither can you. The way to use stealth is to know the projectile paths by hart so you can calculate the trajectory without tracers. A lot of seasoned players uses stealth belts as they find tracers annoying and misleading.
* '''Armoured targets''': This belt apparently uses tungsten bullets instead of steel. This gives it an impressive penetration of 18 mm at 500 m. This is enough to penetrate some light tanks from the side or from the top. Although, the bullets do minor damage at best. In any case it is possible to engage light pillboxes and light tanks with this belt unlike the rest.

== Usage in battles ==

The J6B is one of Sweden's reserve aircraft, it is a great introduction to the Swedish aviation tree and it is able to compete with other planes. Like most other reserve aircraft, it lacks speed, armour protection and firepower.

The J6B can be used like any other biplane, thanks to its good manoeuvrability. However, the J6B takes a while to get to the desired speed to be manoeuvrable enough to repel attackers. It might look like an easy prey, but the J6B's Ksps machine guns are powerful and can make even enemy aircraft at higher BRs become easy prey.

Most notable enemies to be aware of are the [[He 100 D-1]], the [[I-16 (Family)|I-16]], the [[I-153 M-62]], the [[Ki-43 (Family)|Ki-43]] and the [[H-75A-4]].

'''Ground Battles'''

The J6B is effective in ground battles. The 8 mm [[Ksp m/22 (8 mm)|Ksp m/22]] pack a hard punch, having a great penetration capability of 18 mm at 500 m, and 20 mm at 100 m making it a decent at ground battles being able to keep up with the [[M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|M2 Browning]] in the early tiers in terms of penetration power. That is useful against enemy tanks that have a lightly-armoured top, making them easy targets for the J6B to attack the tank's roof weak spots. But the J6B is relatively slow, making it an easy target for low-tier SPAA like [[M13 MGMC]], [[P.7.T AA]] and [[Flakpanzer I]].

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great handling characteristics
* Good climb rate
* Nose mounted armament
* High rate of fire for main guns
* Large ammunition amount
* Large choice of ammunition belts for main guns
* Self-sealing fuel tanks

'''Cons:'''

* Below-average speed near the ground, slow level flight
* Weak armament against full metal aircraft
* Unprotected

== History ==


The {{PAGENAME}} is a Swedish designed and manufactured biplane fighter from the early 1930s. It was the last biplane fighter to be designed in Sweden and the last version of its aircraft-model to be built. Its designer and manufacturer, AB Svenska Järnvägsverkstädernas Aeroplanavdelning (The Swedish iron-works aeroplane department Ltd)(ASJA for short), acquired the base-model when they bought the company Svenska Aero AB (Swedish Aero Ltd)(SA for short) in 1932. Svenska Aero AB had designed and manufactured 3 previous iterations of the {{PAGENAME}} during a 4-year period prior to their acquisition by ASJA in 1932.

To get a good understanding of the {{PAGENAME}}'s history it is necessary to tell the history of its original designer, Svenska Aero AB as well as its previous iterations.

'''Svenska Aero AB'''

Svenska Aero AB was founded in 1921 as a response to the limitations put on the German aviation industry after WWI. Germany was not allowed to export military aircraft which led to a lot of German aviation companies and engineers to move work abroad. One of these were the German pilot and aviation-enthusiast Carl Clemens Bücker, known today for his popular WWII trainer aircraft such as the Bü 131 och Bü 133.

Carl Clemens Bücker had been a marine pilot in WWI, a time period where he among others had befriended Ernst Heinkel. In 1920 after the war, Bücker moved to Sweden in hope of starting an aviation company. After a year in Sweden, Bücker acquired Swedish citizenship and became a pilot for the Swedish torpedo department of Stockholm, as well as an adviser for the Swedish navy air corps. As a starter to his planned aviation company, Bücker planned to buy a reconnaissance aircraft from German company Caspar-Werke, which would then be smuggled to Sweden in parts. To make the purchase easier, Bücker would first have to found his aviation company, which he did with a bit of help from Ernst Heinkel. Once the company was created Bücker quit his job as an adviser for the Swedish navy to become the CEO and sole manager of the company.

The new company was named Svenska Aero AB and operated from the municipality Lidingö in Stockholm. Svenska Aero AB initially built planes under license from Caspar-Werke and Heinkel but the manufacturing capability of Svenska Aero AB was at the start very limited and the first planes built by the company were in fact fabricated secretly in Germany by Caspar-Werke or Heinkel and later put together by the Swedish torpedo department of Stockholm were Bücker had connections. Eventually though, around 1927, the company instituted their own construction department with the intent to construct in-house designs. A Swedish airplane constructor by the name of Sven Blomberg was hired as chief designer. Blomberg had previously worked for Heinkel Flugzeugwerke in Germany.

'''SA-11 Jaktfalken (J5)'''

Once the construction department was set up the company initiated the construction of 2 aircraft which they intended to propose to the newly formed Swedish air force. One of these was a fighter which they came to name Jaktfalken (the Gyrfalcon).

In 1928, Svenska Aero AB on their own initiative asked the Swedish air force for some preliminary guidelines for a fighter aircraft with the intent that they would develop such an aircraft for the Swedish air force at their own expense. The Swedish air force agreed and gave some basic specifications for what they wanted. Upon receiving these specifications Svenska Aero AB started a private venture to develop this fighter. As the company had deep ties to Heinkel a lot of design elements were taken directly from their aircraft. Svenska Aero also took a lot of inspiration from other fighter aircraft of the era.

The end product became known as SA-11 Jaktfalken (The Gyrfalcon), a conventional biplane fighter based on a mixed construction of fabric covered steel tubes and aluminium plates. The engine was an Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar radial engine with 500 hp. This propelled the SA-11 up to a maximum speed of 285 km/h. A prototype was finished in 1929 and was flight ready by fall that year. The Swedish air force was impressed with Svenska Aero AB's fighter aircraft and wanted to test the prototype at the Svea air force wing in Barkarby. The Swedish air force test pilot Nils Söderberg was selected to fly the aircraft during this test. The first flights were problem free and after one of the landings Nils Söderberg commented that it was the best aircraft he had ever flown. Not long after, on the 11th of november 1929, the SA-11 was demonstrated before Swedish authorities and press who all noted how good of an aircraft it was. After this the Swedish air force decided to acquire 3 Jaktfalken-planes, the initial prototype as well as 2 improved ones. These would then be used in trials against 3 Bristol Bulldogs Mk.IIs the air force planned to acquire.

On the 9th of February 1930, the SA-11 prototype was purchased by the Swedish air force and given the designation J5, J standing for Jakt (Pursuit) and 5 meaning that it was the fifth registered fighter aircraft of the Swedish air force. ''(A note of interest is that the Swedish air force at this time numbered aircraft types based on their role. For example J1, J2, J3 and B1, B2, B3 etc. This was seen as somewhat problematic when planes changed roles. For example S7 was changed into B4. After 1940 that system was scrapped and numbers were given to each main aircraft type, for example Fpl 20, Fpl 21, Fpl 22, starting from the number 15. This way planes could easily be re-designated in case they had to change role. For example B18 > S18, or J29 > A29.)''

'''SA-14 Jaktfalkten I (J6)'''

By February 1930, the Swedish air force decided that the 2 improved Jaktfalken-planes were to use Bristol Jupiter VI engines which required Svenska Aero AB to modify the design in various ways. These aircraft were named SA-14 Jaktfalken I (The Gyrfalcon 1) internally and received the designation J6 in the Swedish air force. An order for 5 more J6s soon followed for more testing.

Initial tests with the J6 showed complications with vibrations in the tail section. Both Svenska Aero AB and the Swedish air force's own production facilities tried to fix the problem without success. Despite this all aircraft entered service. Once the ordered Bristol Bulldogs had arrived in Sweden it was time for trials between them and the J6. The Bristol Bulldog formally entered service as the J7 in the Swedish air force. Trials between the J6 and J7 showed that the J6 had superior manoeuvrability and was easier to fly compared to the J7. However due to the limited production capacity of Svenska Aero AB the Swedish air force realized that they could never adopt the J6 in sufficient numbers. They tried to buy a license from Svenska Aero AB to produce the J6 in their own facilities but Svenska Aero AB turned it down. Due to this the Swedish air force decided in May 1931 to buy 8 improved Bristol Bulldog Mk.IIA-planes (J7A) to fulfil their needs. This prompted Svenska Aero AB to design an improved SA-14 for the air force to test.

'''SA-14 Jaktfalkten II (J6A & {{PAGENAME}})'''

The improved SA-14 got the name Jaktfalken II and featured a more powerful Jupiter VIIF engine as well an improved fuselage and landing gear. The Swedish air force decided to order 3 copies of Jaktfalken II for trials in late 1931. At this stage Svenska Aero AB was losing money due to the low orders from the Swedish air force. This prompted Bücker to sell the company to ASJA in 1932, after which he returned to Germany where he would found the much more successful Bücker Flugzeugbau aviation company.

The Swedish air force was however not finished with the J6 design. The Bristol Bulldog (J7) had shown itself to be a problematic design and 3 out of 11 aircraft had been destroyed within 2 years of entering service. On top of that the aircraft was prone to failure and almost every J7 in use had crash landed on at least one occasion. (A note of interest is that only two out of the original eleven J7s survived by the end of 1936) The J6s on the other hand had proven themselves as safe aircraft with only 1 destroyed by the summer of 1933. Due to this the Swedish air force ordered 7 improved Jaktfalken II aircraft from ASJA who now owned the design. ASJA further improved on the J6A design by modifying the windscreen and elevator which meant that the aircraft had to be considered a separate variant from the J6A. Due to this the 7 new planes got the designation {{PAGENAME}}.

'''{{PAGENAME}} service life'''

The {{PAGENAME}} entered service with the Swedish air force in 1934 with the last aircraft being delivered in 1935. In service the {{PAGENAME}} would serve with the F1 air force wing where it would initially be used as a fighter before being relegated to a fighter-trainer in 1938. By this time the {{PAGENAME}} was hopelessly outdated even as a fighter trainer and by 1940 the planes were put in storage and eventually scrapped in 1941.

However, two {{PAGENAME}}s and one J6A were donated as war aid to Finland during the winter war. In Finnish service they would be re-designated to JF (for '''J'''akt'''f'''alken) and used as trainers. Finland would continue to use the JF until 1945 when they were all pulled from service and scrapped.

=== [[wt:en/news/6486-development-j6b-jaktfalken-ii-falcon-from-the-north-en|Devblog]] ===
Researching any game nation in War Thunder begins with its reserves, and that's why we've chosen this aircraft as today's guest: the pre-war J6B Jaktfalken II (“gyrfalcon”) biplane fighter from Svenska Aero AB. This aircraft's story began in 1930, when Swedish company Svenska Aero AB released the J5 Jaktfalken fighter. The J5 was adequate, but nothing special compared to the foreign models being released in Sweden under license. The one thing the world's air forces truly lacked was training aircraft. Svenska Aero AB rushed to modify the J5 and converted it to a training fighter. The prototype was given the in-house designation SA14 but in the Swedish Air Force it was named the J6 Jaktfalken I, and it entered testing in 1930. A total of seven aircraft were built and joined the F5 lineup.

In the summer of 1931, the Swedish Air Force approved the production of three more Jaktfalken I fighter aircraft. The new vehicles were completely reworked in comparison to the previous model. They were produced in 1932 and put into service under the designation J6A.

The J6B appeared a little later, when the Swedish government ordered seven more aircraft. These in turn also underwent a lot of improvements. The new series was put into service in Sweden in 1935, and all the aircraft were retired by 1941.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=j6b Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:J6B WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:J6B WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:J6B WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:J6B WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:J6B WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:J6B WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Hawker [[Nimrod Mk I|Nimrod]]
* Heinkel [[He 51 (Family)|He 51]]
* Kawasaki [[Ki-10 (Family)|Ki-10]]
* Fiat [[CR.32 (Family)|CR.32]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6486-development-j6b-jaktfalken-ii-falcon-from-the-north-en|[Development] J6B Jaktfalken II - Falcon from the North]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/474727-j6b/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden fighters}}

B3C

2022-07-30T19:53:38Z

U135302351: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_b3c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

Originally built by the German aircraft firm Junkers, the {{PAGENAME}} started out as the Ju 86, developed in the mid-1930s alongside rival Heinkel's He 111. Since the Luftwaffe could not officially build bomber aircraft at the time, the main purpose of the aircraft was to be a ten-person airliner which could, with minimal effort, be converted into a medium bomber. When tested during the Spanish Civil War, it was found that its diesel engines could not hold up against the rigours of combat and were replaced with BMW 123 radial engines which vastly increased its reliability.

Later in development, the Ju 86K was created for the purpose of exporting this aircraft to foreign nations of which Sweden and Hungary were the first to accept. Sweden started producing their licensed version of the bomber, the B 3 which was outfitted with British Bristol Mercury engines instead of the German BMW radials, of which the Mercury engines were later were license-built in Sweden and Poland.

The {{PAGENAME}} though an early war bomber is not without a box of tricks. While relegated to a medium bomber function, options in its suspended armament give it the option to carpet bomb smaller and lighter targets or to bomb heavier protected targets and bases. Externally outfitting an 853 kg torpedo gives the bomber the option to strike fear in fleet captains eyes, especially when a crew member announces "Fish in the water". Though for the most part considered an average bomber when it comes to manoeuvrability, rate of climb and level speed, the {{PAGENAME}} has what it takes to deliver its ordnance to the target and has several critically placed defensive turrets to protect the bomber against any interlopers, intent on downing the bomber before it gets to its target.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is an average aircraft when it comes to flight characteristics, nothing really impressive, but nothing which hinders the bombers ability to do its job either. Acceleration, rate of climb and level flight speed are good enough, however, if caught in a low energy state with nowhere to dive, it will be relatively easy to catch, even in the most sluggish of fighters and attackers. The large surface area of the wings enable this aircraft to have a comparatively low stall speed and the dual vertical stabilizers detract from the rudder capabilities of this aircraft, compared to aircraft with single vertical stabilizer (see [[B-24D-25-CO|B-24]] vs [[PB4Y-2|PB4Y]] for comparison of vertical stabilizer types).

The {{PAGENAME}} was designed for mid to high altitude bombing, where it remains safe from a majority of the fighters found flying against it in a match. Dropping to lower altitudes enables even the slowest of biplanes ([[Po-2]] and [[Hs 123 A-1|Hs 123]]) to take pot-shots at the bomber. There is one situation, which will require the {{PAGENAME}} to fly low and slow, and that is when setting up for a torpedo run. The bomber will not only be vulnerable to fighters and attackers at the extremely low altitude, but also to anti-aircraft fire from the ships, which should not have much difficulty hitting such a large and slow target.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,600 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 372 || 363 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.8 || 18.4 || 5.5 || 5.5 || rowspan="2" | 530
|-
! Upgraded
| 421 || 395 || 16.3 || 17.0 || 10.5 || 7.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 310 || 297 || 240 || ~7 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 200 || < 200 || < 250 || > 324
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* No armour
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (4 in each wing)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|sb m/42 (50 kg)|mb m/40 (250 kg)|m/41 (450 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 16 x 50 kg sb m/42 bombs (800 kg total)
* 1 x 450 mm m/41 torpedo
* 4 x 250 kg mb m/40 bombs (1,000 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Ksp m/22-37 R (8 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22-37 R machine gun, nose turret (675 rpg)
* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22-37 R machine gun, dorsal turret (1,050 rpg)
* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22-37 R machine gun, ventral turret (825 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

While many aircraft found in War Thunder are considered multi-role capable (fighter and interceptor, attacker and bomber, etc), some aircraft sit within just one role, but have several subset capabilities within that role. The {{PAGENAME}} is no exception as its sole role in the game is that of a medium bomber, however, it is capable of defining its mission objective, depending on the type of suspended ordnance outfitted.

;Small target bomber

As an early rank bomber, the {{PAGENAME}} has access to several of the smaller bombs found in the game. Loading up with the 50 kg bombs allows the bomber to take out many of the lightly protect vehicles found on the map, such as trucks, light tanks, anti-aircraft artillery, light pillboxes/bunkers and aircraft parked on a runway. Vehicles travelling in columns make for an especially tempting target as when lined up properly, the {{PAGENAME}} can come in at a lower altitude and drop individual bombs per target, being more judicious with the suspended ordnance, especially in realistic and simulator battles, where reloads require heading back to base. Heavy pillboxes, medium and heavy tanks, along with bases, should be avoided, as these smaller bombs will be less effective against them.

;Large/protected target bomber

When it comes to attacking a base or targets, such as reinforced pillboxes, large ships, medium and heavy tanks, the 250 kg and 600 kg torpedo will come in handy. With a harder punch, these ordinances will make short work of the vehicles, which the 50 kg bombs will realistically just bounce off of. Base bombing will be more effective, specifically if the {{PAGENAME}} is flying at 4,000 m and above, where it is less likely to run into enemy fighters, and if it does, the defensive turrets can make it that much more difficult for them to get sights on you.

;Torpedo bomber

The {{PAGENAME}} can outfit an 853 kg torpedo to the external side of the aircraft's bomb bay. This big fish can make a big explosion, however, to get the torpedo into the water, the bomber must approach the intended target at a low altitude and slow speed. Typically, ships don't sit there and just watch the torpedo approach and will open up their anti-aircraft fire. The bomber pilot must remain calm to ensure a precise drop of the torpedo. Once released, the bomber must power back up to full speed and vacate the area to avoid further anti-aircraft fire and any potential enemy fighters, which may be in the area.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 8 mm defensive guns can ward off most enemy fighters at its BR

* Can carry a torpedo, unlike contemporary bombers at this BR
* Both bomb loads can destroy a base
* Defensive turrets have a high rate of fire
* Large amounts of tracers can scare off beginning players
* Turn time is better than some fighters
* The 3 x 250 kg mb m/40 bombs are enough to destroy a single base, so in most cases you can destroy 1 and 1/3 of the enemy bases.

'''Cons:'''

* Average flight characteristics
* Large wing profile, an easy target for attacking fighters
* Significant defensive blind spots from the side, above and below
* Gear retraction and lowering is painfully slow; you will have to start lowering the gear long before you make it to the runway
* Average speed: it will not be outrunning any fighters
* Below average defensive turrets

== History ==

The SAAB B3C began its life in the mid-1930s in Germany as the Junkers Ju 86. The purpose of this aircraft was to operate first as a high-speed passenger airliner but also function as a medium bomber with minimal conversion. Conversion from airliner required the removal of ten passenger seats and replaced with four bomb cells which carried each bomb in an upright position. Fuel tanks for the bomber version were located in the fuselage while the airliner moved them to the wings. Originally this bomber was outfitted with Junkers Jumo 205 diesel engines, their drawback was their weight, however, they were more fuel-efficient than standard petrol engines. Unfortunately during the Spanish Civil War, it was determined that the Ju 86 under-performed compared to the He 111, mainly because the diesel engines could not handle the rough treatment endured during combat situations. With this knowledge, the Ju 86 was converted to the BMW 132 radial engines which drastically improved the reliability of this bomber.

The Junkers model Ju 86K was the export version of the Ju 86 which allowed Sweden's aircraft manufacture SAAB to license build these medium bombers and designated them as the B 3. Instead of utilising BMW132 engines, SAAB opted to go with the Bristol Mercury XIX radial engines which had an output of 905 horsepower. The Swedes maintained their B 3 bombers throughout the war and continued to use them for another thirteen years with several being converted to maritime patrol and signal intelligence (SIGINT) aerial platforms to keep apprised of Soviet and Eastern Europe activity.

=== [[wt:en/news/6492-development-saab-b3c-bomber-to-start-from-en|Devblog]] ===
In 1934, a set of requirements was issued to both Heinkel and Junkers to develop a new twin engine aircraft, capable of acting as both a high-speed civilian airliner as well as a medium bomber for the German Luftwaffe. While Heinkel would go on to develop the far more successful He 111, Junkers developed the Ju 86, the first test flights of which occurred already in late 1934 and extending in early 1935.

Early production of the type commenced in late 1935 for military versions, while civilian variants entered service in 1936. Despite being seen as inferior to the He 111, especially in military service, the Ju 86 nonetheless remained a relatively popular aircraft on the export market, being purchased by various operators from around the globe, ranging from South America, over Europe and going all the way to Asia and Oceania.

Among its many operators was also Sweden, which not only purchased a number of Ju 86s directly from Junkers, but also acquired a licence to manufacture the type domestically in the late 1930s. Both imported and built under licence by the SAAB company, the aircraft received its new designation B3, and unlike the German original, the Swedish counterpart received different engines (namely licence-built versions of the Bristol Pegasus radial engines) as well as Swedish weaponry.

As with other countries, Sweden employed their Ju 86s in both military as well as civilian roles for many years before, during and after WWII, with the last of the Ju 86s being decommissioned during the late 1950s. In total, only about 15 B3C and one B3D were built for the Swedish Air Force by SAAB between 1939 - 1940 out of the original 40 aircraft planned.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_b3c Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<div><gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 007.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Heinkel [[He 111 H-6|He 111]]
* Dornier [[Do 17 (Family)|Do 17]]
* Savoia-Marchetti [[S.M.79 (Family)|SM.79]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6492-development-saab-b3c-bomber-to-start-from-en|[Devblog] SAAB B3C: Bomber to Start From]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/474729-saab-b3c/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden bombers}}

B3C

2022-07-30T19:46:35Z

U135302351: /* Flight performance */

{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_b3c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

Originally built by the German aircraft firm Junkers, the {{PAGENAME}} started out as the Ju 86, developed in the mid-1930s alongside rival Heinkel's He 111. Since the Luftwaffe could not officially build bomber aircraft at the time, the main purpose of the aircraft was to be a ten-person airliner which could, with minimal effort, be converted into a medium bomber. When tested during the Spanish Civil War, it was found that its diesel engines could not hold up against the rigours of combat and were replaced with BMW 123 radial engines which vastly increased its reliability.

Later in development, the Ju 86K was created for the purpose of exporting this aircraft to foreign nations of which Sweden and Hungary were the first to accept. Sweden started producing their licensed version of the bomber, the B 3 which was outfitted with British Bristol Mercury engines instead of the German BMW radials, of which the Mercury engines were later were license-built in Sweden and Poland.

The {{PAGENAME}} though an early war bomber is not without a box of tricks. While relegated to a medium bomber function, options in its suspended armament give it the option to carpet bomb smaller and lighter targets or to bomb heavier protected targets and bases. Externally outfitting an 853 kg torpedo gives the bomber the option to strike fear in fleet captains eyes, especially when a crew member announces "Fish in the water". Though for the most part considered an average bomber when it comes to manoeuvrability, rate of climb and level speed, the {{PAGENAME}} has what it takes to deliver its ordnance to the target and has several critically placed defensive turrets to protect the bomber against any interlopers, intent on downing the bomber before it gets to its target.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is an average aircraft when it comes to flight characteristics, nothing really impressive, but nothing which hinders the bombers ability to do its job either. Acceleration, rate of climb and level flight speed are good enough, however, if caught in a low energy state with nowhere to dive, it will be relatively easy to catch, even in the most sluggish of fighters and attackers. The large surface area of the wings enable this aircraft to have a comparatively low stall speed and the dual vertical stabilizers detract from the rudder capabilities of this aircraft, compared to aircraft with single vertical stabilizer (see [[B-24D-25-CO|B-24]] vs [[PB4Y-2|PB4Y]] for comparison of vertical stabilizer types).

The {{PAGENAME}} was designed for mid to high altitude bombing, where it remains safe from a majority of the fighters found flying against it in a match. Dropping to lower altitudes enables even the slowest of biplanes ([[Po-2]] and [[Hs 123 A-1|Hs 123]]) to take pot-shots at the bomber. There is one situation, which will require the {{PAGENAME}} to fly low and slow, and that is when setting up for a torpedo run. The bomber will not only be vulnerable to fighters and attackers at the extremely low altitude, but also to anti-aircraft fire from the ships, which should not have much difficulty hitting such a large and slow target.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,600 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 372 || 363 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.8 || 18.4 || 5.5 || 5.5 || rowspan="2" | 530
|-
! Upgraded
| 421 || 395 || 16.3 || 17.0 || 10.5 || 7.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 310 || 297 || 240 || ~7 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 200 || < 200 || < 250 || > 324
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* No armour
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (4 in each wing)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|sb m/42 (50 kg)|mb m/40 (250 kg)|m/41 (450 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 16 x 50 kg sb m/42 bombs (800 kg total)
* 1 x 450 mm m/41 torpedo
* 4 x 250 kg mb m/40 bombs (1,000 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Ksp m/22-37 R (8 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22-37 R machine gun, nose turret (675 rpg)
* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22-37 R machine gun, dorsal turret (1,050 rpg)
* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22-37 R machine gun, ventral turret (825 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

While many aircraft found in War Thunder are considered multi-role capable (fighter, interceptor, attacker and/or bomber), some aircraft sit within just one role but have several subset capabilities within that role. The {{PAGENAME}} is no exception as its sole role in the game is as a medium bomber, however, it is capable of defining its mission depending on the type of suspended ordnance is outfitted.

;Small target bomber

As an early rank bomber, the {{PAGENAME}} has access to many of the smaller weight bombs found in the game. Loading up with the 50 kg bombs allow the bomber to take out many of the lightly protect vehicles found on the map to include trucks, light tanks, anti-aircraft artillery, light pill-boxes/bunkers and aircraft parked on a runway. Vehicles travelling in columns make for an especially tempting target as when lined up properly, the {{PAGENAME}} can come in at a lower altitude and drop individual bombs per target being more judicious with the suspended ordnance, especially in realistic and simulator battles where reloads require heading back to base. Heavy pillboxes, medium and heavy tanks along with bases should be avoided as these smaller bombs will be less effective against them.

;Large/protected target bomber

When it comes to attacking a base or targets such as reinforced pillboxes, large ships, medium and heavy tanks, the 250 kg and 600 kg bombs will come in handy. With a harder punch, these bombs will make short work of the vehicles which the 50 kg bombs will realistically just bounce off of. Base bombing will be more effective specifically if the {{PAGENAME}} is flying at 4,000 m and above where it is less likely to run into enemy fighters and if it does, the defensive turrets can make it that much more difficult for them to get sights on.

;Torpedo bomber

The {{PAGENAME}} can outfit an 853 kg torpedo to the external side of the aircraft's bomb bays. The big fish can make a big explosion, however, to get the torpedo into the water, the bomber must approach at a low and slow speed heading towards the intended target. Typically, ships don't sit there and just watch the torpedo approach and will begin to open up their anti-aircraft fire. The bomber pilot must maintain calm and precision to drop the torpedo, once released, the bomber must power back up to full speed and vacate the area to avoid further anti-aircraft fire and any potential enemy fighters which may be in the area.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 8 mm defensive guns can ward off most enemy fighters at its BR

* Can carry a torpedo, unlike contemporary bombers at this BR
* Both bomb loads can destroy a base
* Defensive turrets have a high rate of fire
* Large amounts of tracers can scare off beginning players
* Turn time is better than some fighters
* The 3 x 250 kg mb m/40 bombs are enough to destroy a single base, so in most cases you can destroy 1 and 1/3 of the enemy bases.

'''Cons:'''

* Average flight characteristics
* Large wing profile, an easy target for attacking fighters
* Significant defensive blind spots from the side, above and below
* Gear retraction and lowering is painfully slow; you will have to start lowering the gear long before you make it to the runway
* Average speed: it will not be outrunning any fighters
* Below average defensive turrets

== History ==

The SAAB B3C began its life in the mid-1930s in Germany as the Junkers Ju 86. The purpose of this aircraft was to operate first as a high-speed passenger airliner but also function as a medium bomber with minimal conversion. Conversion from airliner required the removal of ten passenger seats and replaced with four bomb cells which carried each bomb in an upright position. Fuel tanks for the bomber version were located in the fuselage while the airliner moved them to the wings. Originally this bomber was outfitted with Junkers Jumo 205 diesel engines, their drawback was their weight, however, they were more fuel-efficient than standard petrol engines. Unfortunately during the Spanish Civil War, it was determined that the Ju 86 under-performed compared to the He 111, mainly because the diesel engines could not handle the rough treatment endured during combat situations. With this knowledge, the Ju 86 was converted to the BMW 132 radial engines which drastically improved the reliability of this bomber.

The Junkers model Ju 86K was the export version of the Ju 86 which allowed Sweden's aircraft manufacture SAAB to license build these medium bombers and designated them as the B 3. Instead of utilising BMW132 engines, SAAB opted to go with the Bristol Mercury XIX radial engines which had an output of 905 horsepower. The Swedes maintained their B 3 bombers throughout the war and continued to use them for another thirteen years with several being converted to maritime patrol and signal intelligence (SIGINT) aerial platforms to keep apprised of Soviet and Eastern Europe activity.

=== [[wt:en/news/6492-development-saab-b3c-bomber-to-start-from-en|Devblog]] ===
In 1934, a set of requirements was issued to both Heinkel and Junkers to develop a new twin engine aircraft, capable of acting as both a high-speed civilian airliner as well as a medium bomber for the German Luftwaffe. While Heinkel would go on to develop the far more successful He 111, Junkers developed the Ju 86, the first test flights of which occurred already in late 1934 and extending in early 1935.

Early production of the type commenced in late 1935 for military versions, while civilian variants entered service in 1936. Despite being seen as inferior to the He 111, especially in military service, the Ju 86 nonetheless remained a relatively popular aircraft on the export market, being purchased by various operators from around the globe, ranging from South America, over Europe and going all the way to Asia and Oceania.

Among its many operators was also Sweden, which not only purchased a number of Ju 86s directly from Junkers, but also acquired a licence to manufacture the type domestically in the late 1930s. Both imported and built under licence by the SAAB company, the aircraft received its new designation B3, and unlike the German original, the Swedish counterpart received different engines (namely licence-built versions of the Bristol Pegasus radial engines) as well as Swedish weaponry.

As with other countries, Sweden employed their Ju 86s in both military as well as civilian roles for many years before, during and after WWII, with the last of the Ju 86s being decommissioned during the late 1950s. In total, only about 15 B3C and one B3D were built for the Swedish Air Force by SAAB between 1939 - 1940 out of the original 40 aircraft planned.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_b3c Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<div><gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 007.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Heinkel [[He 111 H-6|He 111]]
* Dornier [[Do 17 (Family)|Do 17]]
* Savoia-Marchetti [[S.M.79 (Family)|SM.79]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6492-development-saab-b3c-bomber-to-start-from-en|[Devblog] SAAB B3C: Bomber to Start From]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/474729-saab-b3c/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden bombers}}

B3C

2022-07-30T19:43:11Z

U135302351: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_b3c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

Originally built by the German aircraft firm Junkers, the {{PAGENAME}} started out as the Ju 86, developed in the mid-1930s alongside rival Heinkel's He 111. Since the Luftwaffe could not officially build bomber aircraft at the time, the main purpose of the aircraft was to be a ten-person airliner which could, with minimal effort, be converted into a medium bomber. When tested during the Spanish Civil War, it was found that its diesel engines could not hold up against the rigours of combat and were replaced with BMW 123 radial engines which vastly increased its reliability.

Later in development, the Ju 86K was created for the purpose of exporting this aircraft to foreign nations of which Sweden and Hungary were the first to accept. Sweden started producing their licensed version of the bomber, the B 3 which was outfitted with British Bristol Mercury engines instead of the German BMW radials, of which the Mercury engines were later were license-built in Sweden and Poland.

The {{PAGENAME}} though an early war bomber is not without a box of tricks. While relegated to a medium bomber function, options in its suspended armament give it the option to carpet bomb smaller and lighter targets or to bomb heavier protected targets and bases. Externally outfitting an 853 kg torpedo gives the bomber the option to strike fear in fleet captains eyes, especially when a crew member announces "Fish in the water". Though for the most part considered an average bomber when it comes to manoeuvrability, rate of climb and level speed, the {{PAGENAME}} has what it takes to deliver its ordnance to the target and has several critically placed defensive turrets to protect the bomber against any interlopers, intent on downing the bomber before it gets to its target.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is an average aircraft when it comes to flight characteristics, nothing really impressive, but nothing which hinders the bombers ability to do its job. Acceleration, rate of climb and level speed are good enough however if caught in a low energy state with nowhere to dive, it will be relatively easy to catch even in the most sluggish of fighters and attackers. The large surface area of the wings enable this aircraft to have a comparatively low stall speed and the dual vertical stabilizers detract from the rudder capabilities of this aircraft compared to aircraft with single vertical stabilizers (see [[B-24D-25-CO|B-24]] vs [[PB4Y-2|PB4Y]] for comparison of vertical stabilizer types).

The {{PAGENAME}} was destined for mid to high altitude bombing where it remains safer from a majority of the fighters found flying against it in a match, however dropping to lower altitudes enables even the slowest of biplanes ([[Po-2]] and [[Hs 123 A-1|Hs 123]]) to take pot-shots at the bomber. There will be one option which will require the {{PAGENAME}} to fly low and slow and that will be when setting up for a torpedo run and the bomber will not only be vulnerable to fighters and attackers at the extremely low altitude, they will also be vulnerable to anti-aircraft fire from the ships which should not have much difficulty hitting such a large and slow target.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,600 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 372 || 363 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.8 || 18.4 || 5.5 || 5.5 || rowspan="2" | 530
|-
! Upgraded
| 421 || 395 || 16.3 || 17.0 || 10.5 || 7.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 310 || 297 || 240 || ~7 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 200 || < 200 || < 250 || > 324
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* No armour
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (4 in each wing)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|sb m/42 (50 kg)|mb m/40 (250 kg)|m/41 (450 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 16 x 50 kg sb m/42 bombs (800 kg total)
* 1 x 450 mm m/41 torpedo
* 4 x 250 kg mb m/40 bombs (1,000 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Ksp m/22-37 R (8 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22-37 R machine gun, nose turret (675 rpg)
* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22-37 R machine gun, dorsal turret (1,050 rpg)
* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22-37 R machine gun, ventral turret (825 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

While many aircraft found in War Thunder are considered multi-role capable (fighter, interceptor, attacker and/or bomber), some aircraft sit within just one role but have several subset capabilities within that role. The {{PAGENAME}} is no exception as its sole role in the game is as a medium bomber, however, it is capable of defining its mission depending on the type of suspended ordnance is outfitted.

;Small target bomber

As an early rank bomber, the {{PAGENAME}} has access to many of the smaller weight bombs found in the game. Loading up with the 50 kg bombs allow the bomber to take out many of the lightly protect vehicles found on the map to include trucks, light tanks, anti-aircraft artillery, light pill-boxes/bunkers and aircraft parked on a runway. Vehicles travelling in columns make for an especially tempting target as when lined up properly, the {{PAGENAME}} can come in at a lower altitude and drop individual bombs per target being more judicious with the suspended ordnance, especially in realistic and simulator battles where reloads require heading back to base. Heavy pillboxes, medium and heavy tanks along with bases should be avoided as these smaller bombs will be less effective against them.

;Large/protected target bomber

When it comes to attacking a base or targets such as reinforced pillboxes, large ships, medium and heavy tanks, the 250 kg and 600 kg bombs will come in handy. With a harder punch, these bombs will make short work of the vehicles which the 50 kg bombs will realistically just bounce off of. Base bombing will be more effective specifically if the {{PAGENAME}} is flying at 4,000 m and above where it is less likely to run into enemy fighters and if it does, the defensive turrets can make it that much more difficult for them to get sights on.

;Torpedo bomber

The {{PAGENAME}} can outfit an 853 kg torpedo to the external side of the aircraft's bomb bays. The big fish can make a big explosion, however, to get the torpedo into the water, the bomber must approach at a low and slow speed heading towards the intended target. Typically, ships don't sit there and just watch the torpedo approach and will begin to open up their anti-aircraft fire. The bomber pilot must maintain calm and precision to drop the torpedo, once released, the bomber must power back up to full speed and vacate the area to avoid further anti-aircraft fire and any potential enemy fighters which may be in the area.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 8 mm defensive guns can ward off most enemy fighters at its BR

* Can carry a torpedo, unlike contemporary bombers at this BR
* Both bomb loads can destroy a base
* Defensive turrets have a high rate of fire
* Large amounts of tracers can scare off beginning players
* Turn time is better than some fighters
* The 3 x 250 kg mb m/40 bombs are enough to destroy a single base, so in most cases you can destroy 1 and 1/3 of the enemy bases.

'''Cons:'''

* Average flight characteristics
* Large wing profile, an easy target for attacking fighters
* Significant defensive blind spots from the side, above and below
* Gear retraction and lowering is painfully slow; you will have to start lowering the gear long before you make it to the runway
* Average speed: it will not be outrunning any fighters
* Below average defensive turrets

== History ==

The SAAB B3C began its life in the mid-1930s in Germany as the Junkers Ju 86. The purpose of this aircraft was to operate first as a high-speed passenger airliner but also function as a medium bomber with minimal conversion. Conversion from airliner required the removal of ten passenger seats and replaced with four bomb cells which carried each bomb in an upright position. Fuel tanks for the bomber version were located in the fuselage while the airliner moved them to the wings. Originally this bomber was outfitted with Junkers Jumo 205 diesel engines, their drawback was their weight, however, they were more fuel-efficient than standard petrol engines. Unfortunately during the Spanish Civil War, it was determined that the Ju 86 under-performed compared to the He 111, mainly because the diesel engines could not handle the rough treatment endured during combat situations. With this knowledge, the Ju 86 was converted to the BMW 132 radial engines which drastically improved the reliability of this bomber.

The Junkers model Ju 86K was the export version of the Ju 86 which allowed Sweden's aircraft manufacture SAAB to license build these medium bombers and designated them as the B 3. Instead of utilising BMW132 engines, SAAB opted to go with the Bristol Mercury XIX radial engines which had an output of 905 horsepower. The Swedes maintained their B 3 bombers throughout the war and continued to use them for another thirteen years with several being converted to maritime patrol and signal intelligence (SIGINT) aerial platforms to keep apprised of Soviet and Eastern Europe activity.

=== [[wt:en/news/6492-development-saab-b3c-bomber-to-start-from-en|Devblog]] ===
In 1934, a set of requirements was issued to both Heinkel and Junkers to develop a new twin engine aircraft, capable of acting as both a high-speed civilian airliner as well as a medium bomber for the German Luftwaffe. While Heinkel would go on to develop the far more successful He 111, Junkers developed the Ju 86, the first test flights of which occurred already in late 1934 and extending in early 1935.

Early production of the type commenced in late 1935 for military versions, while civilian variants entered service in 1936. Despite being seen as inferior to the He 111, especially in military service, the Ju 86 nonetheless remained a relatively popular aircraft on the export market, being purchased by various operators from around the globe, ranging from South America, over Europe and going all the way to Asia and Oceania.

Among its many operators was also Sweden, which not only purchased a number of Ju 86s directly from Junkers, but also acquired a licence to manufacture the type domestically in the late 1930s. Both imported and built under licence by the SAAB company, the aircraft received its new designation B3, and unlike the German original, the Swedish counterpart received different engines (namely licence-built versions of the Bristol Pegasus radial engines) as well as Swedish weaponry.

As with other countries, Sweden employed their Ju 86s in both military as well as civilian roles for many years before, during and after WWII, with the last of the Ju 86s being decommissioned during the late 1950s. In total, only about 15 B3C and one B3D were built for the Swedish Air Force by SAAB between 1939 - 1940 out of the original 40 aircraft planned.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_b3c Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<div><gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 007.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Heinkel [[He 111 H-6|He 111]]
* Dornier [[Do 17 (Family)|Do 17]]
* Savoia-Marchetti [[S.M.79 (Family)|SM.79]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6492-development-saab-b3c-bomber-to-start-from-en|[Devblog] SAAB B3C: Bomber to Start From]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/474729-saab-b3c/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden bombers}}

Strv m/38

2022-07-30T19:40:36Z

U135302351: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_strv_m38
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Strv_m38.jpg|ArtImage_Strv_m-38.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 13 mm (58°) ''Upper glacis'' 13 mm (46°) ''Lower glacis'' 13 mm (31°) ''Upper plate'' 13 mm (19-26°) ''Driver bulge'' || 13 mm (15°) || 9 mm (23°) ''Top'' 13 mm (33°) ''Bottom'' || 13 mm (32°) ''Front glacis'' 9 mm (8°) ''Front'' 4-5 mm ''Middle'' 5 mm (4°) ''Rear''
|-
| Turret || 13 mm (14°) ''Turret front'' 15 mm (6°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 13 mm (14°) || 13 mm (20°) || 5 mm
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 13 mm (16°) || 5 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels, tracks and torsion bars are 15 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 220|rbMinHp= 126}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|kan m/38 (37 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[kan m/38 (37 mm)|37 mm kan m/38]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 100 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 15.2 || 21.1 || 25.6 || 28.3 || 30.1 || rowspan="2" | 4.03 || rowspan="2" | 3.57 || rowspan="2" | 3.29 || rowspan="2" | 3.10
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 9.5 || 11.2 || 13.6 || 15.0 || 16.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| slpprj m/38 || APBC || 59 || 55 || 41 || 28 || 19 || 13
|-
| slpgr m/39 || APBC || 55 || 51 || 37 || 26 || 17 || 12
|-
| 3,7 cm slpprj m/49 || APDS || 105 || 103 || 97 || 89 || 82 || 75
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| slpprj m/38 || APBC || 785 || 0.74 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| slpgr m/39 || APBC || 800 || 0.74 || 1.2 || 9 || 15 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| 3,7 cm slpprj m/49 || APDS || 1,150 || 0.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''100''' || 81 ''(+19)'' || 71 ''(+29)'' || 61 ''(+39)'' || 51 ''(+49)'' || 41 ''(+59)'' || 34 ''(+66)'' || 28 ''(+72)'' || 21 ''(+79)'' || 14 ''(+86)'' || 8 ''(+92)'' || 1 ''(+99)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_Strv_m38.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|ksp m/36 (8 mm)}}

The Strv m/38 is armed with a 8 mm ksp m36 machine gun, useful for hitting lightly armoured AA vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ksp m/36 (8 mm)|8 mm ksp m/36]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,250 (250) || 649 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Strv m/38 provides the player with a fast, manoeuvrable light tank boasting effective firepower for its BR. As a light tank, the armour cannot be relied upon to stop enemy fire, being too weak to stop even .50 cal MG fire. However, it has access to APDS, which allows it to punch through all opponents at its BR and even most tanks a rank above. Because of the excellent APDS shell, it is advised to keep it as your primary shell, but keep a few APBC shells to finish lighter opponents, as the APDS has poor post-penetration damage.

Even with weak armour, the Strv m/38 can be reliably depended upon even in uptiers with its speed, and as well as its penetration power (with the APDS shell), matching the likes of the German [[Pz.III]] series. The only drawback to this shell is the poor post-penetration damage, which calls for a playstyle relying on well-placed shots on enemy vehicles. This is why it's advised to aim for the turret or engine using the APDS shell, when unsure if your APBC shell will actually penetrate at all.

On rough uneven terrain, a viable tactic is to use your excellent gun depression to hit tanks on from a hull-down position.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has access to a high-penetrating APDS shell with an amazing 105 mm of penetration
* Effective in up-tiers with the APDS against heavy targets like the [[B1 bis]] and the [[Valentine I]]
* Quick reload rate
* Good -10° of gun depression means that it can adapt to different terrains well
* Has a small size compared to other reserve tanks
* Effective mobility - max speed of 51 km/h

'''Cons:'''

* APDS round has no explosive filler, multiple shots will be needed to finish off an enemy
* Has a slow reverse speed (-6 km/h) that may put the player at risk
* Armour is inadequate to resist any shells
* 5 mm roof armour can be penetrated by common aircraft, such as the ones with 12.7 mm and 20 mm guns

== History ==


The Landsverk L-60 was a Swedish tank developed in 1934, and included several advanced design features such as torsion bar suspension, periscopes rather than view slits and all-welded construction. The Strv m/38 was the earliest variant of the L-60 accepted into Swedish service, with 15 ordered in 1937 and delivered in 1939. Unlike other exported variants of the L-60, the m/38 did not see combat use due to Swedish neutrality during the Second World War.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=sw_strv_m38 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Toldi IIA]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{TankManufacturer AB Landsverk}}
{{Sweden light tanks}}

Strv m/38

2022-07-30T19:39:01Z

U135302351: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_strv_m38
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Strv_m38.jpg|ArtImage_Strv_m-38.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 13 mm (58°) ''Upper glacis'' 13 mm (46°) ''Lower glacis'' 13 mm (31°) ''Upper plate'' 13 mm (19-26°) ''Driver bulge'' || 13 mm (15°) || 9 mm (23°) ''Top'' 13 mm (33°) ''Bottom'' || 13 mm (32°) ''Front glacis'' 9 mm (8°) ''Front'' 4-5 mm ''Middle'' 5 mm (4°) ''Rear''
|-
| Turret || 13 mm (14°) ''Turret front'' 15 mm (6°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 13 mm (14°) || 13 mm (20°) || 5 mm
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 13 mm (16°) || 5 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels, tracks and torsion bars are 15 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 220|rbMinHp= 126}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|kan m/38 (37 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[kan m/38 (37 mm)|37 mm kan m/38]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 100 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 15.2 || 21.1 || 25.6 || 28.3 || 30.1 || rowspan="2" | 4.03 || rowspan="2" | 3.57 || rowspan="2" | 3.29 || rowspan="2" | 3.10
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 9.5 || 11.2 || 13.6 || 15.0 || 16.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| slpprj m/38 || APBC || 59 || 55 || 41 || 28 || 19 || 13
|-
| slpgr m/39 || APBC || 55 || 51 || 37 || 26 || 17 || 12
|-
| 3,7 cm slpprj m/49 || APDS || 105 || 103 || 97 || 89 || 82 || 75
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| slpprj m/38 || APBC || 785 || 0.74 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| slpgr m/39 || APBC || 800 || 0.74 || 1.2 || 9 || 15 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| 3,7 cm slpprj m/49 || APDS || 1,150 || 0.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''100''' || 81 ''(+19)'' || 71 ''(+29)'' || 61 ''(+39)'' || 51 ''(+49)'' || 41 ''(+59)'' || 34 ''(+66)'' || 28 ''(+72)'' || 21 ''(+79)'' || 14 ''(+86)'' || 8 ''(+92)'' || 1 ''(+99)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_Strv_m38.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|ksp m/36 (8 mm)}}

The Strv m/38 is armed with a 8 mm ksp m36 machine gun, useful for hitting lightly armoured AA vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ksp m/36 (8 mm)|8 mm ksp m/36]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,250 (250) || 649 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Strv m/38 provides the player with a fast, manoeuvrable light tank boasting effective firepower for its BR. As a light tank, the armour cannot be relied upon to stop enemy fire, being too weak to stop even .50 cal MG fire. However, it has access to APDS, which allows it to punch through all opponents at its BR and even most tanks a rank above. Because of the excellent APDS shell, it is advised to keep it as your primary shell, but keep a few APBC shells to finish lighter opponents, as the APDS has poor post-penetration damage.

Even with weak armour, the Strv m/38 can be reliably depended upon even in uptiers with its speed, and as well as its penetration power (with the APDS shell), matching the likes of the German [[Pz.III]] series. The only drawback to this shell is the poor post-penetration damage, which calls for a playstyle relying on well-placed shots on enemy vehicles. This is why it's advised to aim for the turret or engine using the APDS shell, when unsure if your APBC shell will actually penetrate at all.

On rough uneven terrain, a viable tactic is to use your excellent gun depression to hit tanks on from a hull-down position.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has access to a high-penetrating APDS shell with an amazing 105 mm of penetration
* Effective in up-tiers with the APDS against heavy targets like the [[B1 bis]] and the [[Valentine I]]
* Quick reload rate
* Good -10° of gun depression means that it can adapt to different terrains well
* Has a small size compared to other reserve tanks
* Effective mobility - max speed of 51 km/h

'''Cons:'''

* APDS round has no explosive filler, so multiple shots will be needed to finish off an enemy
* Has a slow reverse speed (-6 km/h) that may put the player at risk
* Armour is inadequate to resist any shells
* 5 mm roof armour can be penetrated by common aircraft such as ones with 12.7 mm and 20 mm guns

== History ==


The Landsverk L-60 was a Swedish tank developed in 1934, and included several advanced design features such as torsion bar suspension, periscopes rather than view slits and all-welded construction. The Strv m/38 was the earliest variant of the L-60 accepted into Swedish service, with 15 ordered in 1937 and delivered in 1939. Unlike other exported variants of the L-60, the m/38 did not see combat use due to Swedish neutrality during the Second World War.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=sw_strv_m38 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Toldi IIA]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{TankManufacturer AB Landsverk}}
{{Sweden light tanks}}

Strv m/31

2022-07-30T19:35:45Z

U135302351: /* Main armament */

{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_strv_m31
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Strv_m31.jpg|ArtImage_Strv_m-31.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


The armour of the Strv m/31 is thin and should not be relied on. The frontal hull armour tops at 24 mm and is poorly angled, meaning that almost any tank can penetrate it (e.g. [[BT-5]], [[M2]], [[Pz.II (Disambiguation)|Pz.II]]), even the .50 cal! The hull side is 24 mm thick which can also be penetrated with ease, but sometimes if the enemy messes up their aim, an angled 24 mm side may bounce one or two shots.

The turret front is weak against high-penetrating tanks like [[M3 GMC]] and [[Panzerjager I]], as it is still 24 mm thick and not angled. Against weaker small-calibre rounds it may be effective to some extent. The gun mantlet is full of 'obstacles' like the armoured housings for the coaxial MG, the cannon barrels and its hydraulic recoil cylinders which, with the implementation of volumetric shells, became fairly good at catching shells and making them lose penetration. Thus the parts where shells can actually go through without being interfered are very small and hard to target. Other than the gun mantlet, the rest of the turret, when viewed from the front, is composed of extreme angles, which will certainly ricochet any shells. When shot from other directions than the front, the turret is still poorly armoured and is not very likely to stop any shells.

The post-penetration survivability is very low since the 3 crew members are seated closely to each other. An explosive-packed shot would usually knock all of them out. Even a solid shot/autocannon shells might easily knock out 2 crew members, destroying the tank.

The one positive side is, perhaps, that the transmission is not located near the front, so the Strv m/31 will not be immobilized if it gets frontally penetrated.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 14 mm (59°) ''Upper Glacis'' 24 mm (31°) ''Lower Glacis'' 24 mm (1°) ''Machine Gun Port and Upper Hull Front'' 14 mm (35°-46°) ''Driver's Hatch'' 14 mm (39°) ''Machine Gunner's Hatch'' || 24 mm || 8 mm ''Upper'' 20 mm ''Lower'' || 8 mm ''Front and Rear'' 5 mm ''Middle''
|-
| Turret || 24 mm (14°-15°) ''Turret front'' 24 mm (1°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 24 mm || 24 mm || 8 mm
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels, tracks and torsion bars are 15 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=232|rbMinHp=133}}

The mobility of the Strv m/31 is in the top range. Though not as fast as tanks like BT-5, this tank is still able to lead the charge with its great speed (both on and off road). On average the Strv m/31 can cruise at around 42 km/h, allowing it to get to any location on time. The reverse speed is also great, topping at 19 km/h meaning the player can usually retreat from danger without turning around, increasing survivability. The tank's mobility gives it more agility to conduct short range tactical manoeuvres. The hull traverse is slightly worse, often needing a forward/backward acceleration before turning. Overall, the Strv m/31 is fast and agile.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|kan m/38 (37 mm)}}

The Strv m/31 is equipped with a 37 mm kan m/38 cannon, a good gun for a tank its rank. The cannon has adequate accuracy, which allows for the engagement of distant targets to some extent. It also has a short reload time of ~3.5 seconds ensuring quick follow-up shots, if the first shell failed to knock out the enemy target. An impressive -10° gun depression means the tank can comfortably fight among hills.

The default slpprj m/38 round is very average, with around 50 mm of penetration which is usually enough to penetrate most tanks, such as [[T-26 (Family)|T-26]], [[M3A1 Stuart|M3A1]], [[Chi-Ha (Family)|Chi-Ha]], etc. The post-penetration effect is quite poor, but this is to be expected for a solid APBC shell. The good news is the fast reload, which allows you to quickly pinpoint crew members untouched by earlier shots.

The unlockable slpgr m/39 shell comes with a 15g explosive filler which can be very helpful given that most early-war tanks are crammed with a small number of crew members. This will result in the Strv m/31 easily knocking out tanks like [[BT-5]]/[[BT-7 (Family)|7]], [[Pz.II (Disambiguation)|Pz.II]], [[Ke-Ni]] in one shot. One thing to note, is that the slpgr m/39 has slightly worse penetration than the default APBC, so it will struggle against better armoured tanks such as an angling [[M13/40 (Family)|M13/40]].

The slpprj m/49 APDS will be a nasty surprise should the m/31 fight in an uptier. This shell has formidable penetration of 105 mm, allowing the m/31 to penetrate tough tanks such as [[B1 bis]]/[[B1 ter|ter]], [[Matilda (Family)|Matilda]], or [[Valentine I|Valentine]]. Its velocity of more than 1,000 m/s is very fast, meaning sniping moving targets is easier. Such velocity leads to a noticeably flattened trajectory, further easing the task of sniping. Just like the default APBC, this shell has poor post-penetration damage, so be sure to aim for critical spots and use your fast reload well.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[kan m/38 (37 mm)|37 mm kan m/38]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 127 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 15.2 || 21.1 || 25.6 || 28.3 || 30.1 || rowspan="2" | 4.03 || rowspan="2" | 3.57 || rowspan="2" | 3.29 || rowspan="2" | 3.10
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 9.5 || 11.2 || 13.6 || 15.0 || 16.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| slpprj m/38 || APBC || 59 || 55 || 41 || 28 || 19 || 13
|-
| slpgr m/39 || APBC || 55 || 51 || 37 || 26 || 17 || 12
|-
| 3,7 cm slpprj m/49 || APDS || 105 || 103 || 97 || 89 || 82 || 75
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| slpprj m/38 || APBC || 785 || 0.74 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| slpgr m/39 || APBC || 800 || 0.74 || 1.2 || 9 || 15 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| 3,7 cm slpprj m/49 || APDS || 1,150 || 0.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Strv_m-31.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''127''' || 111 ''(+16)'' || 67 ''(+60)'' || 45 ''(+82)'' || 1 ''(+126)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* As they are modeled by sets of 2, 4 or 5, shells disappear from the rack only after you've fired all shells in the set.
* Turret and left flank empty: 45 ''(+82)'' shells.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|ksp m/14-29 (6.5 mm)}}

The Strv m/31 is equipped with a 6.5 mm machine gun, nothing out of the ordinary. It is useful for attacking AA vehicles or more lightly armoured foes.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ksp m/14-29 (6.5 mm)|6.5 mm ksp m/14-29]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,000 (250) || 499 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Strv m/31 is a light tank with poor armour. It shouldn't be used to rush into the heat of the battle or you will get knocked out very quickly. Its armour is inadequate, it can't even stop 12.7 mm HMG fire. Instead, it should be used to flank other enemy tanks, using your excellent speed to your advantage. The Strv m/31 has an unconventional armour layout. Its frontal area (e.g. upper hull, glacis area) armour is very weak while the rear is really strong. This tank also has pretty good speed in reverse, so you can drive into battle facing backwards using your rear armour and engine to soak up damage.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Access to APDS ammunition that can penetrate up to 105 mm
* APDS has high velocity, making it easy to aim at longer distances
* Very good reverse speed, it will save you in many situations
* Can bounce shots if angled properly

'''Cons:'''

* APDS has no explosive filler, multiple shots will be needed to finish off a tank
* Very weak stock shell (low penetration and post-penetration damage)
* Armour is poor, even for a rank one reserve vehicle
* Acceleration and top speed is quite poor, will find itself getting outrun by most vehicles.

== History ==

The Strv m/31 was designed during the 1930s as a continuation development of tanks German designer Joseph Vollmer had designed. When the Germans took over AB Landsverk in 1920 they had the idea of a tracked and wheeled armoured vehicle, which during that time was not allowed to be developed under the Treaty of Versailles. From the design and idea Joseph Vollmer had in Berlin, this idea would continue to be developed in Sweden using AB Landsverk. The tank would be designated L-30 by Landsverk and, along with the development of the L-30 which had both wheels and tracks, there was a purely tracked model of the tank which would be designated L-10.

AB Landsverk got an order from KAF in Autumn 1931 to build one L-30 and three L-10 for trials after an in-depth analysis of the vehicles where the L-30 and L-10 would get extensive trials. L-10 would be designated Strv m/31 while L-30, which shared the same construction, would be designated Strv fm/31. After many delays, the L-30 was finally ready from the AB Landsverk, but was deemed to be too outdated and all the advanced technology that had been put into it would make it too vulnerable, as in the meantime tracks had become stronger and suspension systems a lot more comfortable in tanks, favouring the L-10 instead.

When the L-10 was delivered from the factory, it could showcase the construction with new modern ideas being presented. Instead of the usually riveted armour, the tanks were welded, which improved the survivability since riveted tanks could eject rivets from enemy shell hits and become projectiles in the crew compartment. Along with the new armour, it also used a prism periscope in glass which would improve the view for the driver and not use the slits tanks used which, though they could be closed to protect from enemy fire, in doing so would turn the driver blind which would be inefficient to have.

L-10, designated Strv m/31 by the army, had adequate armour for the time with a total of 24 mm at the front. Also like the other tanks during this period, they were equipped with a 37 mm Bofors gun and two machine guns, one in the turret and one in the hull. They were also equipped with radio equipment and a strong 150 hp Maybach engine. However, Strv m/31 would come with a lot of problems, it was considered a good vehicle on terrain but the tracks would break a lot and would have a lot of problems with the transmission.

Strv m/31 saw very little use in service and was proposed to be dug down on Gotland as a static defence. They were also proposed as command tanks. The tank will always be an important part of tank history, leading the way for how the tanks would be constructed being the most advanced tank of the time during its early days.

=== [[wt:en/news/6589-development-stridsvagn-m-31-en|Devblog]] ===
Swedish tanks aren't very well known even by many enthusiastic historians or fans of military vehicles. However, many of the design and technological solutions conceived by Swedish tank designers were unique and rather practical. Sweden's armoured vehicles are truly fascinating, and the Swedish ground vehicle line in War Thunder will present to you some highly original tanks with one-of-a-kind features and gameplay finer points. We'll start our overview of the Swedish tech tree by looking at the first tank starting the progress of all the Swedish ground vehicles. Meet the reserve Strv m/31 (from "Stridsvagn", Swedish for "tank"), a 1935 light tank. According to some experts, this little tank came close to being the most high-tech tank of its time!

In 1930, the Swedish firm Landsverk developed two tank designs – one fully tracked and the other with a wheel/track arrangement – differing in their chassis construction and armour. In the autumn of 1931, the Swedish government ordered four experimental prototypes – one wheel-and-track and the other three fully tracked. The versatile tank could switch from tracks to wheels in an incredible 30 seconds flat and reach speeds of up to 80 km/h in such a configuration! However, the wheels were unable to bear the weight of substantial armour, so it was limited to 14 mm for this modification. The fully tracked version could cope with armour up to 24mm thick, which is pretty respectable for a pre-war vehicle. Moreover, the designers took a risk by choosing welded armour plating over the more common riveted design, this also had its advantages. Even more interesting is that they set the angle of the frontal armour plate in order to increase the chance of enemy shells ricocheting. Put into service under the designation Strv m/31, the new tank was given the Maybach petrol engine, which was able to provide a power-to-weight ratio of approximately 17-18 horsepower per ton. The tank's armament comprised a 37 mm cannon with 122 rounds. All of the prototypes were put into service, though they required certain improvements. The vehicles' weak point was their unreliable and difficult-to-maintain suspension, as well as the tanks' overreliance on foreign-made components. The tanks were used as training vehicles.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=sw_strv_m31 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Strv m 31 WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:Strv m 31 WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:Strv m 31 WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:Strv m 31 WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:Strv m 31 WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:Strv m 31 WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|CDl68kOR9ig|'''The Shooting Range #191''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:50 discusses the Strv m/31.}}

== See also ==


;Similar role:

* [[M2A4]]
* [[Pz.35(t)]]
* [[T-26 (Family)]]
* [[A13 (Family)]]
* [[Ha-Go (Family)]]
* [[M13/40 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6589-development-swedish-ground-forces-stridsvagn-m-31-en|[Devblog] Stridsvagn m/31]]

{{TankManufacturer AB Landsverk}}
{{Sweden light tanks}}

Strv m/31

2022-07-30T19:30:36Z

U135302351: /* Mobility */

{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_strv_m31
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Strv_m31.jpg|ArtImage_Strv_m-31.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


The armour of the Strv m/31 is thin and should not be relied on. The frontal hull armour tops at 24 mm and is poorly angled, meaning that almost any tank can penetrate it (e.g. [[BT-5]], [[M2]], [[Pz.II (Disambiguation)|Pz.II]]), even the .50 cal! The hull side is 24 mm thick which can also be penetrated with ease, but sometimes if the enemy messes up their aim, an angled 24 mm side may bounce one or two shots.

The turret front is weak against high-penetrating tanks like [[M3 GMC]] and [[Panzerjager I]], as it is still 24 mm thick and not angled. Against weaker small-calibre rounds it may be effective to some extent. The gun mantlet is full of 'obstacles' like the armoured housings for the coaxial MG, the cannon barrels and its hydraulic recoil cylinders which, with the implementation of volumetric shells, became fairly good at catching shells and making them lose penetration. Thus the parts where shells can actually go through without being interfered are very small and hard to target. Other than the gun mantlet, the rest of the turret, when viewed from the front, is composed of extreme angles, which will certainly ricochet any shells. When shot from other directions than the front, the turret is still poorly armoured and is not very likely to stop any shells.

The post-penetration survivability is very low since the 3 crew members are seated closely to each other. An explosive-packed shot would usually knock all of them out. Even a solid shot/autocannon shells might easily knock out 2 crew members, destroying the tank.

The one positive side is, perhaps, that the transmission is not located near the front, so the Strv m/31 will not be immobilized if it gets frontally penetrated.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 14 mm (59°) ''Upper Glacis'' 24 mm (31°) ''Lower Glacis'' 24 mm (1°) ''Machine Gun Port and Upper Hull Front'' 14 mm (35°-46°) ''Driver's Hatch'' 14 mm (39°) ''Machine Gunner's Hatch'' || 24 mm || 8 mm ''Upper'' 20 mm ''Lower'' || 8 mm ''Front and Rear'' 5 mm ''Middle''
|-
| Turret || 24 mm (14°-15°) ''Turret front'' 24 mm (1°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 24 mm || 24 mm || 8 mm
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels, tracks and torsion bars are 15 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=232|rbMinHp=133}}

The mobility of the Strv m/31 is in the top range. Though not as fast as tanks like BT-5, this tank is still able to lead the charge with its great speed (both on and off road). On average the Strv m/31 can cruise at around 42 km/h, allowing it to get to any location on time. The reverse speed is also great, topping at 19 km/h meaning the player can usually retreat from danger without turning around, increasing survivability. The tank's mobility gives it more agility to conduct short range tactical manoeuvres. The hull traverse is slightly worse, often needing a forward/backward acceleration before turning. Overall, the Strv m/31 is fast and agile.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|kan m/38 (37 mm)}}

The Strv m/31 is equipped with a 37 mm kan m/38 cannon, a good gun for a tank its rank. The cannon has adequate accuracy which allows for the engagement of distant targets to some extent. It also has a short reload time of ~3.5 seconds ensuring quick follow-up shots if the first shell failed to knock out the enemy target, and an impressive -10° gun depression meaning the tank can comfortably fight among hills.

The default slpprj m/38 round is very average, with around 50 mm of penetration which is usually enough to penetrate most tanks, such as [[T-26 (Family)|T-26]], [[M3A1 Stuart|M3A1]], [[Chi-Ha (Family)|Chi-Ha]], etc. The post-penetration effect is quite poor, but this is to be expected for a solid APBC shell. Good news is, the fast reload allows you to quickly pinpoint crews untouched by earlier shots.

The unlockable slpgr m/39 shell comes with a 15g explosive filler which can be very helpful given that most early-war tanks are cramped with small number of crew. This will result in the Strv m/31 easily knocking out in a single shot cramped tanks like [[BT-5]]/[[BT-7 (Family)|7]], [[Pz.II (Disambiguation)|Pz.II]], [[Ke-Ni]], etc. However this shell does have a slightly worse penetration than the default APBC, so it will struggle more against better armoured tanks such as an angling [[M13/40 (Family)|M13/40]].

The slpprj m/49 APDS will be a nasty surprise should the m/31 fights in an uptier. This shell has a formidable penetration of 105 mm max, allowing the m/31 to penetrate tough tanks such as [[B1 bis]]/[[B1 ter|ter]], [[Matilda (Family)|Matilda]], or [[Valentine I|Valentine]]. Its velocity of more than 1,000 m/s is very fast, meaning sniping moving targets is easier. Such velocity leads to a noticeably flattened trajectory, further easing the task of sniping. However, just like the default APBC, this shell has poor post-penetration damage, so be sure to aim for critical spots and use your fast reload well.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[kan m/38 (37 mm)|37 mm kan m/38]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 127 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 15.2 || 21.1 || 25.6 || 28.3 || 30.1 || rowspan="2" | 4.03 || rowspan="2" | 3.57 || rowspan="2" | 3.29 || rowspan="2" | 3.10
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 9.5 || 11.2 || 13.6 || 15.0 || 16.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| slpprj m/38 || APBC || 59 || 55 || 41 || 28 || 19 || 13
|-
| slpgr m/39 || APBC || 55 || 51 || 37 || 26 || 17 || 12
|-
| 3,7 cm slpprj m/49 || APDS || 105 || 103 || 97 || 89 || 82 || 75
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| slpprj m/38 || APBC || 785 || 0.74 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| slpgr m/39 || APBC || 800 || 0.74 || 1.2 || 9 || 15 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| 3,7 cm slpprj m/49 || APDS || 1,150 || 0.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Strv_m-31.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''127''' || 111 ''(+16)'' || 67 ''(+60)'' || 45 ''(+82)'' || 1 ''(+126)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* As they are modeled by sets of 2, 4 or 5, shells disappear from the rack only after you've fired all shells in the set.
* Turret and left flank empty: 45 ''(+82)'' shells.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|ksp m/14-29 (6.5 mm)}}

The Strv m/31 is equipped with a 6.5 mm machine gun, nothing out of the ordinary. It is useful for attacking AA vehicles or more lightly armoured foes.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ksp m/14-29 (6.5 mm)|6.5 mm ksp m/14-29]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,000 (250) || 499 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Strv m/31 is a light tank with poor armour. It shouldn't be used to rush into the heat of the battle or you will get knocked out very quickly. Its armour is inadequate, it can't even stop 12.7 mm HMG fire. Instead, it should be used to flank other enemy tanks, using your excellent speed to your advantage. The Strv m/31 has an unconventional armour layout. Its frontal area (e.g. upper hull, glacis area) armour is very weak while the rear is really strong. This tank also has pretty good speed in reverse, so you can drive into battle facing backwards using your rear armour and engine to soak up damage.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Access to APDS ammunition that can penetrate up to 105 mm
* APDS has high velocity, making it easy to aim at longer distances
* Very good reverse speed, it will save you in many situations
* Can bounce shots if angled properly

'''Cons:'''

* APDS has no explosive filler, multiple shots will be needed to finish off a tank
* Very weak stock shell (low penetration and post-penetration damage)
* Armour is poor, even for a rank one reserve vehicle
* Acceleration and top speed is quite poor, will find itself getting outrun by most vehicles.

== History ==

The Strv m/31 was designed during the 1930s as a continuation development of tanks German designer Joseph Vollmer had designed. When the Germans took over AB Landsverk in 1920 they had the idea of a tracked and wheeled armoured vehicle, which during that time was not allowed to be developed under the Treaty of Versailles. From the design and idea Joseph Vollmer had in Berlin, this idea would continue to be developed in Sweden using AB Landsverk. The tank would be designated L-30 by Landsverk and, along with the development of the L-30 which had both wheels and tracks, there was a purely tracked model of the tank which would be designated L-10.

AB Landsverk got an order from KAF in Autumn 1931 to build one L-30 and three L-10 for trials after an in-depth analysis of the vehicles where the L-30 and L-10 would get extensive trials. L-10 would be designated Strv m/31 while L-30, which shared the same construction, would be designated Strv fm/31. After many delays, the L-30 was finally ready from the AB Landsverk, but was deemed to be too outdated and all the advanced technology that had been put into it would make it too vulnerable, as in the meantime tracks had become stronger and suspension systems a lot more comfortable in tanks, favouring the L-10 instead.

When the L-10 was delivered from the factory, it could showcase the construction with new modern ideas being presented. Instead of the usually riveted armour, the tanks were welded, which improved the survivability since riveted tanks could eject rivets from enemy shell hits and become projectiles in the crew compartment. Along with the new armour, it also used a prism periscope in glass which would improve the view for the driver and not use the slits tanks used which, though they could be closed to protect from enemy fire, in doing so would turn the driver blind which would be inefficient to have.

L-10, designated Strv m/31 by the army, had adequate armour for the time with a total of 24 mm at the front. Also like the other tanks during this period, they were equipped with a 37 mm Bofors gun and two machine guns, one in the turret and one in the hull. They were also equipped with radio equipment and a strong 150 hp Maybach engine. However, Strv m/31 would come with a lot of problems, it was considered a good vehicle on terrain but the tracks would break a lot and would have a lot of problems with the transmission.

Strv m/31 saw very little use in service and was proposed to be dug down on Gotland as a static defence. They were also proposed as command tanks. The tank will always be an important part of tank history, leading the way for how the tanks would be constructed being the most advanced tank of the time during its early days.

=== [[wt:en/news/6589-development-stridsvagn-m-31-en|Devblog]] ===
Swedish tanks aren't very well known even by many enthusiastic historians or fans of military vehicles. However, many of the design and technological solutions conceived by Swedish tank designers were unique and rather practical. Sweden's armoured vehicles are truly fascinating, and the Swedish ground vehicle line in War Thunder will present to you some highly original tanks with one-of-a-kind features and gameplay finer points. We'll start our overview of the Swedish tech tree by looking at the first tank starting the progress of all the Swedish ground vehicles. Meet the reserve Strv m/31 (from "Stridsvagn", Swedish for "tank"), a 1935 light tank. According to some experts, this little tank came close to being the most high-tech tank of its time!

In 1930, the Swedish firm Landsverk developed two tank designs – one fully tracked and the other with a wheel/track arrangement – differing in their chassis construction and armour. In the autumn of 1931, the Swedish government ordered four experimental prototypes – one wheel-and-track and the other three fully tracked. The versatile tank could switch from tracks to wheels in an incredible 30 seconds flat and reach speeds of up to 80 km/h in such a configuration! However, the wheels were unable to bear the weight of substantial armour, so it was limited to 14 mm for this modification. The fully tracked version could cope with armour up to 24mm thick, which is pretty respectable for a pre-war vehicle. Moreover, the designers took a risk by choosing welded armour plating over the more common riveted design, this also had its advantages. Even more interesting is that they set the angle of the frontal armour plate in order to increase the chance of enemy shells ricocheting. Put into service under the designation Strv m/31, the new tank was given the Maybach petrol engine, which was able to provide a power-to-weight ratio of approximately 17-18 horsepower per ton. The tank's armament comprised a 37 mm cannon with 122 rounds. All of the prototypes were put into service, though they required certain improvements. The vehicles' weak point was their unreliable and difficult-to-maintain suspension, as well as the tanks' overreliance on foreign-made components. The tanks were used as training vehicles.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=sw_strv_m31 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Strv m 31 WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:Strv m 31 WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:Strv m 31 WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:Strv m 31 WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:Strv m 31 WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:Strv m 31 WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|CDl68kOR9ig|'''The Shooting Range #191''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:50 discusses the Strv m/31.}}

== See also ==


;Similar role:

* [[M2A4]]
* [[Pz.35(t)]]
* [[T-26 (Family)]]
* [[A13 (Family)]]
* [[Ha-Go (Family)]]
* [[M13/40 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6589-development-swedish-ground-forces-stridsvagn-m-31-en|[Devblog] Stridsvagn m/31]]

{{TankManufacturer AB Landsverk}}
{{Sweden light tanks}}

Strv m/31

2022-07-30T19:29:19Z

U135302351: /* Survivability and armour */

{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_strv_m31
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Strv_m31.jpg|ArtImage_Strv_m-31.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


The armour of the Strv m/31 is thin and should not be relied on. The frontal hull armour tops at 24 mm and is poorly angled, meaning that almost any tank can penetrate it (e.g. [[BT-5]], [[M2]], [[Pz.II (Disambiguation)|Pz.II]]), even the .50 cal! The hull side is 24 mm thick which can also be penetrated with ease, but sometimes if the enemy messes up their aim, an angled 24 mm side may bounce one or two shots.

The turret front is weak against high-penetrating tanks like [[M3 GMC]] and [[Panzerjager I]], as it is still 24 mm thick and not angled. Against weaker small-calibre rounds it may be effective to some extent. The gun mantlet is full of 'obstacles' like the armoured housings for the coaxial MG, the cannon barrels and its hydraulic recoil cylinders which, with the implementation of volumetric shells, became fairly good at catching shells and making them lose penetration. Thus the parts where shells can actually go through without being interfered are very small and hard to target. Other than the gun mantlet, the rest of the turret, when viewed from the front, is composed of extreme angles, which will certainly ricochet any shells. When shot from other directions than the front, the turret is still poorly armoured and is not very likely to stop any shells.

The post-penetration survivability is very low since the 3 crew members are seated closely to each other. An explosive-packed shot would usually knock all of them out. Even a solid shot/autocannon shells might easily knock out 2 crew members, destroying the tank.

The one positive side is, perhaps, that the transmission is not located near the front, so the Strv m/31 will not be immobilized if it gets frontally penetrated.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 14 mm (59°) ''Upper Glacis'' 24 mm (31°) ''Lower Glacis'' 24 mm (1°) ''Machine Gun Port and Upper Hull Front'' 14 mm (35°-46°) ''Driver's Hatch'' 14 mm (39°) ''Machine Gunner's Hatch'' || 24 mm || 8 mm ''Upper'' 20 mm ''Lower'' || 8 mm ''Front and Rear'' 5 mm ''Middle''
|-
| Turret || 24 mm (14°-15°) ''Turret front'' 24 mm (1°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 24 mm || 24 mm || 8 mm
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels, tracks and torsion bars are 15 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=232|rbMinHp=133}}

The mobility of the Strv m/31 is in the top range. Though not as fast as tanks like BT-5, this tank is still able to lead the charge with its great speed (both on and off road). On average the Strv m/31 can cruise at around 42 km/h, allowing it to get to any location on time. The reverse speed is also great, topping at 19 km/h meaning the player can usually retreat from danger without turning around, increasing survivability. This also gives it more agility to conduct short range tactical manoeuvres. The hull traverse is slightly worse, often needing a forward/backward acceleration before turning. Overall, the Strv m/31 is fast and agile.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|kan m/38 (37 mm)}}

The Strv m/31 is equipped with a 37 mm kan m/38 cannon, a good gun for a tank its rank. The cannon has adequate accuracy which allows for the engagement of distant targets to some extent. It also has a short reload time of ~3.5 seconds ensuring quick follow-up shots if the first shell failed to knock out the enemy target, and an impressive -10° gun depression meaning the tank can comfortably fight among hills.

The default slpprj m/38 round is very average, with around 50 mm of penetration which is usually enough to penetrate most tanks, such as [[T-26 (Family)|T-26]], [[M3A1 Stuart|M3A1]], [[Chi-Ha (Family)|Chi-Ha]], etc. The post-penetration effect is quite poor, but this is to be expected for a solid APBC shell. Good news is, the fast reload allows you to quickly pinpoint crews untouched by earlier shots.

The unlockable slpgr m/39 shell comes with a 15g explosive filler which can be very helpful given that most early-war tanks are cramped with small number of crew. This will result in the Strv m/31 easily knocking out in a single shot cramped tanks like [[BT-5]]/[[BT-7 (Family)|7]], [[Pz.II (Disambiguation)|Pz.II]], [[Ke-Ni]], etc. However this shell does have a slightly worse penetration than the default APBC, so it will struggle more against better armoured tanks such as an angling [[M13/40 (Family)|M13/40]].

The slpprj m/49 APDS will be a nasty surprise should the m/31 fights in an uptier. This shell has a formidable penetration of 105 mm max, allowing the m/31 to penetrate tough tanks such as [[B1 bis]]/[[B1 ter|ter]], [[Matilda (Family)|Matilda]], or [[Valentine I|Valentine]]. Its velocity of more than 1,000 m/s is very fast, meaning sniping moving targets is easier. Such velocity leads to a noticeably flattened trajectory, further easing the task of sniping. However, just like the default APBC, this shell has poor post-penetration damage, so be sure to aim for critical spots and use your fast reload well.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[kan m/38 (37 mm)|37 mm kan m/38]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 127 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 15.2 || 21.1 || 25.6 || 28.3 || 30.1 || rowspan="2" | 4.03 || rowspan="2" | 3.57 || rowspan="2" | 3.29 || rowspan="2" | 3.10
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 9.5 || 11.2 || 13.6 || 15.0 || 16.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| slpprj m/38 || APBC || 59 || 55 || 41 || 28 || 19 || 13
|-
| slpgr m/39 || APBC || 55 || 51 || 37 || 26 || 17 || 12
|-
| 3,7 cm slpprj m/49 || APDS || 105 || 103 || 97 || 89 || 82 || 75
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| slpprj m/38 || APBC || 785 || 0.74 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| slpgr m/39 || APBC || 800 || 0.74 || 1.2 || 9 || 15 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| 3,7 cm slpprj m/49 || APDS || 1,150 || 0.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Strv_m-31.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''127''' || 111 ''(+16)'' || 67 ''(+60)'' || 45 ''(+82)'' || 1 ''(+126)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* As they are modeled by sets of 2, 4 or 5, shells disappear from the rack only after you've fired all shells in the set.
* Turret and left flank empty: 45 ''(+82)'' shells.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|ksp m/14-29 (6.5 mm)}}

The Strv m/31 is equipped with a 6.5 mm machine gun, nothing out of the ordinary. It is useful for attacking AA vehicles or more lightly armoured foes.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ksp m/14-29 (6.5 mm)|6.5 mm ksp m/14-29]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,000 (250) || 499 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Strv m/31 is a light tank with poor armour. It shouldn't be used to rush into the heat of the battle or you will get knocked out very quickly. Its armour is inadequate, it can't even stop 12.7 mm HMG fire. Instead, it should be used to flank other enemy tanks, using your excellent speed to your advantage. The Strv m/31 has an unconventional armour layout. Its frontal area (e.g. upper hull, glacis area) armour is very weak while the rear is really strong. This tank also has pretty good speed in reverse, so you can drive into battle facing backwards using your rear armour and engine to soak up damage.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Access to APDS ammunition that can penetrate up to 105 mm
* APDS has high velocity, making it easy to aim at longer distances
* Very good reverse speed, it will save you in many situations
* Can bounce shots if angled properly

'''Cons:'''

* APDS has no explosive filler, multiple shots will be needed to finish off a tank
* Very weak stock shell (low penetration and post-penetration damage)
* Armour is poor, even for a rank one reserve vehicle
* Acceleration and top speed is quite poor, will find itself getting outrun by most vehicles.

== History ==

The Strv m/31 was designed during the 1930s as a continuation development of tanks German designer Joseph Vollmer had designed. When the Germans took over AB Landsverk in 1920 they had the idea of a tracked and wheeled armoured vehicle, which during that time was not allowed to be developed under the Treaty of Versailles. From the design and idea Joseph Vollmer had in Berlin, this idea would continue to be developed in Sweden using AB Landsverk. The tank would be designated L-30 by Landsverk and, along with the development of the L-30 which had both wheels and tracks, there was a purely tracked model of the tank which would be designated L-10.

AB Landsverk got an order from KAF in Autumn 1931 to build one L-30 and three L-10 for trials after an in-depth analysis of the vehicles where the L-30 and L-10 would get extensive trials. L-10 would be designated Strv m/31 while L-30, which shared the same construction, would be designated Strv fm/31. After many delays, the L-30 was finally ready from the AB Landsverk, but was deemed to be too outdated and all the advanced technology that had been put into it would make it too vulnerable, as in the meantime tracks had become stronger and suspension systems a lot more comfortable in tanks, favouring the L-10 instead.

When the L-10 was delivered from the factory, it could showcase the construction with new modern ideas being presented. Instead of the usually riveted armour, the tanks were welded, which improved the survivability since riveted tanks could eject rivets from enemy shell hits and become projectiles in the crew compartment. Along with the new armour, it also used a prism periscope in glass which would improve the view for the driver and not use the slits tanks used which, though they could be closed to protect from enemy fire, in doing so would turn the driver blind which would be inefficient to have.

L-10, designated Strv m/31 by the army, had adequate armour for the time with a total of 24 mm at the front. Also like the other tanks during this period, they were equipped with a 37 mm Bofors gun and two machine guns, one in the turret and one in the hull. They were also equipped with radio equipment and a strong 150 hp Maybach engine. However, Strv m/31 would come with a lot of problems, it was considered a good vehicle on terrain but the tracks would break a lot and would have a lot of problems with the transmission.

Strv m/31 saw very little use in service and was proposed to be dug down on Gotland as a static defence. They were also proposed as command tanks. The tank will always be an important part of tank history, leading the way for how the tanks would be constructed being the most advanced tank of the time during its early days.

=== [[wt:en/news/6589-development-stridsvagn-m-31-en|Devblog]] ===
Swedish tanks aren't very well known even by many enthusiastic historians or fans of military vehicles. However, many of the design and technological solutions conceived by Swedish tank designers were unique and rather practical. Sweden's armoured vehicles are truly fascinating, and the Swedish ground vehicle line in War Thunder will present to you some highly original tanks with one-of-a-kind features and gameplay finer points. We'll start our overview of the Swedish tech tree by looking at the first tank starting the progress of all the Swedish ground vehicles. Meet the reserve Strv m/31 (from "Stridsvagn", Swedish for "tank"), a 1935 light tank. According to some experts, this little tank came close to being the most high-tech tank of its time!

In 1930, the Swedish firm Landsverk developed two tank designs – one fully tracked and the other with a wheel/track arrangement – differing in their chassis construction and armour. In the autumn of 1931, the Swedish government ordered four experimental prototypes – one wheel-and-track and the other three fully tracked. The versatile tank could switch from tracks to wheels in an incredible 30 seconds flat and reach speeds of up to 80 km/h in such a configuration! However, the wheels were unable to bear the weight of substantial armour, so it was limited to 14 mm for this modification. The fully tracked version could cope with armour up to 24mm thick, which is pretty respectable for a pre-war vehicle. Moreover, the designers took a risk by choosing welded armour plating over the more common riveted design, this also had its advantages. Even more interesting is that they set the angle of the frontal armour plate in order to increase the chance of enemy shells ricocheting. Put into service under the designation Strv m/31, the new tank was given the Maybach petrol engine, which was able to provide a power-to-weight ratio of approximately 17-18 horsepower per ton. The tank's armament comprised a 37 mm cannon with 122 rounds. All of the prototypes were put into service, though they required certain improvements. The vehicles' weak point was their unreliable and difficult-to-maintain suspension, as well as the tanks' overreliance on foreign-made components. The tanks were used as training vehicles.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=sw_strv_m31 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Strv m 31 WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:Strv m 31 WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:Strv m 31 WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:Strv m 31 WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:Strv m 31 WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:Strv m 31 WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|CDl68kOR9ig|'''The Shooting Range #191''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:50 discusses the Strv m/31.}}

== See also ==


;Similar role:

* [[M2A4]]
* [[Pz.35(t)]]
* [[T-26 (Family)]]
* [[A13 (Family)]]
* [[Ha-Go (Family)]]
* [[M13/40 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6589-development-swedish-ground-forces-stridsvagn-m-31-en|[Devblog] Stridsvagn m/31]]

{{TankManufacturer AB Landsverk}}
{{Sweden light tanks}}