War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Eremin's Yak-3(e)

2024-05-22T19:31:26Z

U132528921: /* Flight performance */

{{Specs-Card
|code=yak-3_eremin
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Alpha Strike"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/8877-event-legend-of-victory-eremins-yak-3-en|2024 Legend of Victory event]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 4,100 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 633 || 615 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|4100}} || 18.3 || 18.8 || 17.9 || 17.9 || rowspan="2" | 348
|-
! Upgraded
| 675 || 655 || 17.2 || 17.4 || 24.4 || 21.3
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 685  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || - || - || 320 || ~12 || ~9
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 380 || < 420 || < 490 || > 340
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ShVAK (20 mm)|Berezin UB (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm ShVAK cannon, nose-mounted (120 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, nose-mounted (150 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8877-event-legend-of-victory-eremins-yak-3-en|[Devblog] Legend of Victory: Eremin’s Yak-3!]]

{{AirManufacturer Yakovlev}}
{{USSR fighters}}
{{USSR premium aircraft}}

P-43A-1 (China)

2024-05-19T21:31:14Z

U132528921: /* Flight performance */

{{About
| about = Chinese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the American version
| link = P-43A-1
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=p-43a-1_china
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The P-43 was started as a private venture by the Seversky Aircraft Company (later known as Republic) which sought to improve upon its earlier fighter design the P-35. Several design changes turned this fighter into a good platform of which made the leap to the younger sibling, the P-47. The P-43 in its own right during 1940 when introduced to the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) was the only fighter which excelled at high-altitude performance due to its belly-mounted turbo-supercharger and an effective oxygen system to sustain the pilot at those heights.

Much like its predecessor and successor, the P-43 is a heavy fighter with a large engine which fills the role of a fighter/interceptor. Japanese aircraft at this rank can still outturn the P-43, but if used properly as a Boom & Zoom fighter, there should not be any need to turn fight. Priorities are to gain altitude and then be selective of the targets. Use diving speeds to zip in, shoot the enemy aircraft and then pull up and climb away. Resist the temptation of immediately turning back and finishing off an aircraft which was missed or wounded as doing so will only cause the P-43 to bleed energy it needs to work at its optimum. As a last resort, if caught in a situation where you need to dogfight, do so, but look for a way out so that you don't become easy pickings for another enemy pilot.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,600 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 546 || 529 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.9 || 20.6 || 10.8 || 10.8 || rowspan="2" | 343
|-
! Upgraded
| 589 || 566 || 18.1 || 19.0 || 17.1 || 13.6
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 426 || 396 || 241 || ~11 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 370 || < 400 || < 440 || > 270
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 7,620 m || 1,100 hp || 1,199 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 9.5mm steel plate behind pilot seat
* 38mm bulletproof glass, armoured windscreen

Critical components such as the pilot, engine and aircraft controls are clustered fairly close from the mid-fuselage to the nose. The aircraft also has fuel tanks located in the wings close to the fuselage which if ignited are quite difficult to extinguish.

Play to the P-43's speed and manoeuvrability to Boom & Zoom and avoid enemy fighters to get the upper hand, as the P-43 cannot take too many shells before a critical component fails, the pilot is knocked out, fuel fire burns the plane or a wing snaps off.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, nose-mounted (200 rpg = 400 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (200 rpg = 400 total)

The P-43 features 4 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns all holding 200 rounds of ammunition, meaning that all guns fire at the same rate and will empty out at the same time. Although two of the machine guns are mounted in the nose cowl and are synced to fire through the propeller arch the other two guns are each mounted in the wings.

Having the wing-mounted machine guns will require the pilot to consider their convergence range with 200 – 350 m being the ideal distance, depending on what the pilot is comfortable with. If the pilot tends to fly right on the tail of the enemy aircraft, then a 200 m convergence can be devastating especially when catching the enemy in a banking climb. For those pilots who tend to be a little ways off when firing, then a convergence of about 300 – 350 should work best.

== Usage in battles ==

P-43 pilots should climb at the beginning of a match. A climb angle of about 25 degrees should work fine. Aim to reach 4000 m before leveling out and gaining speed. Generally, the Lancer will be pitted against Japanese fighters.

As previously alluded to, the P-43 is a great fighter due to its turbo-supercharger in that with altitude, it can be devastating. The P-43 is a heavy hitter and can be used for both Boom & Zoom tactics or as a bomber hunter. While still a fairly manoeuvrable aircraft, it is suggested to avoid turn-fighting especially with Bf 109s and A6M Zeros which will dance around the P-43.

The four .50 calibre machine guns are the perfect platform for P-43 as a Boom & Zoom fighter. With diving speeds, the P-43 can race down and attack an enemy aircraft and then with full throttle can climb right back up to the perch where it was. Any enemy aircraft testing fate by climbing up after you, will most likely run out of energy and stall out, floating helplessly waiting for gravity to take over. At this point, the P-43 can rudder over with its large tail rudder and once again dive, but at this point will have a quite stationary target to eliminate. Once dispatched, the P-43 should climb right back up to its observation altitude and look for its next target.

One challenge of flying a fighter aircraft is the ability to climb higher altitudes to get to bombers. Many fighters simply do not have any superchargers or turbo-superchargers which allow it to continue to climb in the thinner air. The P-43 was outfitted with one such turbo-supercharger and therefore can easily get up to bomber altitude and pick off any pesky bombers orbiting ground targets. While the P-43 does not have any armour and can easily be disabled with a few machine gun rounds, it is advised to come at most bombers from the front, from above or from the side where many bombers tend to be the weakest in armament. It is important to attack critical components on the bomber such as the engines or the pilot as many bomber bodies and wings can easily soak up a large number of 12.7 mm rounds before systems begin to fail. As a bomber interceptor, it is important that you are attacking a bomber for the shortest amount of time possible because of their ability to shoot back.

For those aircraft which find themselves facing a P-43 in combat, head-on encounters can work to take out an engine or the pilot, but beware of the 4 x .50 calibre machine guns pointing at you, typically fire off some rounds at range and then take evasive manoeuvres setting up for an Immelmann or a Split-S right before or right after passing so to get your guns on target before the P-43 has a chance to manoeuvre or zoom away. If you are lucky to catch a P-43 pilot in a turn fight, maximize your turns with flaps and throttle control and it should not be long before you are in a situation where you have a firing solution and dispatch the aircraft. If you can bleed the P-43's energy, then there will not be many options left for that pilot and leave you holding all the important cards in the deck.

*The most dangerous enemies will be Ki-43s, A6Ms, Spitfires, P-40's, Bf-109's and Ki-61s.

The limited ammo means trigger discipline is important - something made a bit easier by the poor armour of those enemies. Use stealth belts. 400 m convergence is recommended, and you will want to wait until you are 0.5 km away to start firing. In a good pilot's hands, a P-43 can easily take out 5 enemy aircraft. However, if not played with a boom and zoom tactic, it is a sitting duck. The P-43 is a good plane for pilots the offers a great learning step towards the P-47.

* In simulator, the P-43 is overall good to fly. It is quite fast and climbs good, and can easily dive to >500 km/h while still having responsive controls. It has sufficient visibility over the nose, but its cockpit is like a cage with thick frames at the sides and front, significantly limiting your visibility. When you circle above an area hoping to find a target, the horizontal piece of frame will always get into your way which forces you to roll the entire plane just to look out to the side. Its razorback design also means poor backwards visibility which can be fatal. You might hear the plane behind you, but you can barely see it.
* During takeoff, its propeller starts off really slowly so patiently wait until it is spinning, then add throttle. It is easy to land as well, thanks to its strong gears it can withstand some heavy touch downs from beginners. You can also brake all the way until it stops and not worry about striking the propeller into the ground.
* The P-43 performs adequately as an interceptor but not so well as a dogfighter, due to the fact that low-tier battles are always turnfights which is something the P-43 lacks. Its rather low one-second burst mass means that in the common short firing windows in a dogfight, the P-43 usually cannot effectively damage the enemy fighter as it passes in front of your guns. Therefore your priority should be destroying AI surveillance aircraft, intercepting AI / human bombers and attackers, and wiping out ground pounders.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Auto controlled
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Efficient armament of 4 x .50 calibre Browning M2 machine guns
* Late Browning belts packs heavy firepower
* High red-line speed; 725 km/h, does not compress too badly after 650 km/h
* Decent energy retention for Boom & Zoom operations
* Excellent turn time, can turn with anything but biplanes and Japanese fighters
* Good performance at altitude thanks to a turbocharger
* Engine runs reliably during leaks
* Very durable

'''Cons:'''

* Long take off due to heavy aircraft
* Somewhat underwhelming climb rate
* Slow acceleration overall
* Extremely low ammunition count
* Overheats quickly, back off of WEP and don't run at 100% as needed
* Somewhat low roll rate

== History ==

The Seversky Aircraft Company (later known as Republic), was trying to break into the fighter aircraft manufacture scene. In the early to mid-1930s, Seversky designed, developed and built the P-35 fighter aircraft. This aircraft was featured in competition with the Curtiss Hawk 75 (P-36), whereas compared to the Hawk, the P-35 was heavier, underperformed and more expensive, but resulted in being the overall winner and the USAAC contracted with Seversky to build fighters. Unfortunately, Seversky ran into production issues and was not able to produce the P-35 in a timely manner resulting Curtiss being awarded a contract also for the P-36.

Undeterred, Seversky believed they were developing a fighter which could find a way as a main fighter with the USAAC. In 1939, Seversky changed its name to Republic and began to privately modify their design of the P-35, working through known issues and enhancing those qualities which worked well for the fighter. After five iterations, the AP-4 came about; its improvements and differences came from a new Pratt & Whitney R-1830-SC2G engine which featured a belly-mounted turbo-supercharger. Interesting note was that the turbo-supercharger was a product of Boeing which they developed for the [[B-17 (Family)|B-17]] and when other aircraft companies became aware of this device, they sought to implement it with their aircraft to enable fighters the ability to perform at high altitude (future fighters such as the P-38 and P-47). The AP-4 also featured flush rivets (added aerodynamics), fully retractable landing gear.

Unfortunately, the AP-4 prototype also had a tight cowl fitted to the aircraft which lead to overheating and engine catching on fire resulting in the pilot bailing out and the loss of the aircraft. Undeterred, the USAAC was impressed with the demonstration fighter and put in an order for 13 more. At this time, the AP-4's designation was changed to YP-43. By 1941, the initial 13 aircraft were delivered and has exceeded all expectations of the USAAC, the fighter was considered obsolete compared to other aircraft of the time due to lack of armour, limited manoeuvrability and no self-sealing fuel tanks. Further USAAC interest in the P-43 fizzled out as they began a hard look at Republic's new venture, the P-47.

Production issues with the P-47 resulted in the USAAC ordering upgraded P-43J fighters which featured an upgraded engine and .50 calibre guns in the wings (as opposed to the .30 calibre used on earlier versions). Unfortunately the USAAC started receiving reports from Europe that the new P-43 would be obsolete by the time it was delivered and therefore the order was cancelled. At this point, Republic's production line was rolling with P-47, however Pratt & Whitney was behind with their engine production causing production of the P-47s to halt. To keep the work moving, a lend-lease agreement with China was made to produce 125 P-43A-1 fighters. Very little difference was between the Chinese fighters and the others built by Republic except that the Chinese versions had added armour plates in the cockpit. During combat between China and Japan, the Chinese P-43s did not perform well and it was determined that the additional armour in the cockpit did not make a difference.

=== Usage in China ===
As early as May 1939, the interest in the P-43A-1 was showing when DR H.H. Kung, the president of China's Executive Yuan (A "Head of Cabinet" position usually held by Chiang Kai-Shek), inquired to John H. Jouett, the former head of the Unofficial U.S. Air Mission in China, as to the validity of whether "Seversky's guarantee of 320 mph is correct" in relating to the P-35 ordered by China. Some weeks later, Kung brought up a new issue with Seversky's fighter with U.S. diplomats after the subsequent cancellation of the "Patterson Contract" (A contract which would introduce Fifty-Four Seversky P-35 Fighters to China) and the arising difficulties resulting from it. In that meeting, Kung received a letter from Willys R. Peck providing addition information, initially containing diplomatic "niceties" but went on further to seemingly "tweak" the Chinese for cancelling their order of P-35 fighters, with later denying the obtaining of the P-43 in any prospect. The letter read as:

'''''"On what seems to be the best authority I learn that in 1936 the American War Department purchased a number of Seversky planes of the type P-35A – EP1, that they are still in service, and that they have been entirely satisfactory. Just recently, the War Department has contracted with the Seversky Company for some pursuit planes of the type YP-43 – AP-4A, similar to the ones mentioned but with later developments that make them unavailable for export, because these developments are regarded as military secrets"'''''<ref>Letter, Willys R. Peck, U.S. Embassy, to Dr. Kung, May 29, 1939</ref>

With this letter, it seemingly ended any possibility of the P-43 going to China, but even as U.S. diplomats and export control officials were critical on China's handling of the "Patterson Contract", U.S. foreign policy, as well as export control policy was changing. In 1938, the State Department approved more export sales for Japan than for China, and in 1939 the licenses valued at around $5 million were approved for China whole, for Japan, the approvals were valued at under $800,000, a tenth of the previous year's approvals. In December of 1940, Brig. General Mow Pang-Tsu, as well as other representatives of the Chinese Purchasing Mission met with Joseph Green, a part of the State Department's Division of Controls, presenting a list of fighter aircraft that China was interested in acquiring, the now Republic P-43 being included.

Introduced by Congress in January of the next year, the "Lend-Lease Act" was enacted in March of the same year. By that time, Britain's supply of Hard Currency was depleted, and the act ensured that continuous provisions of War Materials would continue with an absent of immediate payment. In April of 1941, President Roosevelt finally authorized China for the Lend-Lease Act, administering $125 million in aid the following June. In this aid was finally the Republic P-43A, so sought after by China from the fall of the "Patterson Contract". That same June in 1941, a contract for 125 Republic P-43A-1s funded by the Lend-Lease Act was enacted, although Republic Aviation was still filling the USAAF's contracts on their Lancers, which pushed production of the Chinese P-43s to late-1941, with the last one being delivered in March of 1942. These aircraft were shipped to China via Karachi, India in Early-1942, with Thirty aircraft arriving on March 20th, but by April 1st many other airframes were in various stages of shipment, with 57 P-43A-1s at sea in the Atlantic, and a further Twenty-One awaiting shipment at ports.

Once the aircraft arrived in Karachi, it wasn't quick to get them in the air. At the airfield, Malir, the aircraft were taken out of their crates and test flown, a process seemingly taking ages as Karachi was littered with activity, the Japanese having invaded Burma in March of 1942 and was close to its eventual capture. It wasn't until April 1942 that the aircraft were finally ready to be handed over to ferrying Chinese pilots for their final leg to China. Most, if not all, ferrying pilots were from the 4th Group of the Chinese Air Force (CAF), the group selected to first received the new plane. Additionally, they received help from the American Volunteer Group (AVG) in ferrying the planes. Although details are obscured, there are indications that the ferrying didn't go well. During the ferrying process, on April 24th, Deputy Commander Wu Zhenhua of the 4th Group's 24th Squadron was killed during a flight between Karachi and Kunming. Unfortunately, the Americans didn't keep records on the flights by the CAF, and it is unknown if the CAF kept detailed records, but one source estimates as much as 50% of ferried P-43s failed to reach China.

According to Col. Robert L. Scott, P-43's en route to China developed fuel leaks, and combined with the large turbo-charger underneath the aircraft combined to create a large fire hazard. Having been ditched by China, the Americans took the aircraft and made temporary repairs on the fuel tanks, Scott himself taking the aircraft up for familiarization flights as well as scouting missions, escorting transport planes over Burma between April and May, and even found time to fly over the Himalayas, capturing motion picture footage of Mt. Everest. However, the leaks persisted and were subsequently grounded, most if not all the aircraft still most likely retaining American National markings on prior to arrival in China. Despite the many setbacks and the death of Wu, as well as the abandonment of many fighters, the aircraft arrived in Kunming by Early-May. This is evident by the unfortunate death of Flight Commander Chen Lokun of the 24th Squadron, when on May 12th, he crashed during a landing attempt after a training flight at Kunming. Around the same time, Three A.V.G pilots arrived with seven Chinese pilots on a delivery flight of Sixteen P-43s, only Ten having made it to Kunming. By June 4th, 1942, the U.S. Status Reports showed that Eighty-Seven P-43s had been delivered, Fifty-Eight having been assembled, Fifty-Four tested, and the same number having been delivered to Karachi, with two having been lost during test flights. In July of that same year, the Lancer flown by renowned fighter pilot, and 4th Group Commander Cheng Hsiao-Yu had caught fire, resulting in his death.

These accidents during their delivery flights to Kunming resulted in General Mow, then serving as the Commander of the CAF, asserting that the aircraft we "Unsuitable for Combat Usage", and on July 2nd, the Senior U.S. Aviation Officer in the China, Burma, and India Theater Brig. General Cayton Bissell wrote to Cheng Kai-Shek regarding the P-43, including General Mow's opinion on the aircraft, as well the willingness of China to relinquish the airframes in favour of more suitable aircraft. However, Bissell was adamant on not knowing the movements of the aircraft, as they were under the command of the CAF, and asserted that sending these "unsuitable aircraft" to China would not move the war effort along. Bissell went on to point out that the engine in the P-43, the Wright R-1830, could be repurposed in transport aircraft like the C-47 and C-53 to help move supplies to China to help with the war effort on those fronts, and went to recommend that the U.S. reclaim the P-43s, as well as any spares, from India and their engines be used in transports.

In the end, all P-43s were grounded, although not all of the aircraft were removed. In a letter from the U.S. Ambassador to China Clarence E Gauss, the situation at Kunming was brought up to the State Department in July 1942:

'''''"Summary of the P-43 situation on July 5th: Col. Wang Commander of the 5th Air Force reports 35 arrived Kunming of which 4 crashed with total loss, 17 damaged in landings, need repairs, 14 in flying condition. Drummond Republic Aviation Corporation representative has just completed repairs to gas tank leaks on the 14 now serviceable planes using Fairprene cement of which supply wasting and reordered from the United States. Damages ascribed to rough landings, jarring rivets and seams of tanks and by reflection on wings, also over filled tanks in sun. I saw 12 P-43s flying in formation and practicing ground strafing at the field on the 6th."'''''<ref>Chungking (Gauss) rad. to Secretary of State, Jul. 7, 1942.</ref>

Not all serviceable P-43s remained in India, however, after the order of salvaging their engines. Ten having ben turned over to Chennault for usage in China with two more, possibly the ones Scott used during April-May 1942, being destroyed in a ground attack by the Japanese in October of 1942. After its initial setback, the P-43 finally entered combat on August 17th, 1942. While there is little activity of combat usage between July and early August, during a flight to the 75th Fighter Squadron's new home Kweilin, two P-40s and two P-43s intercepted a Japanese intruder reported by the warning net. While the P-40s were to reach their target, the P-43's made contact with the aircraft. Lt. Phillip B. O'Connell was able to get within range of what he called an "I-45", only for his radio to malfunction and his guns to jam. What ensued was a high-speed chase with what is believed to be a Type 100 Reconnaissance aircraft, including dives, climbs, and straight runs with the aircraft. Lt. Burrell Barnum was able to finally get in close after the chase, but never close enough to inflict any damage on the aircraft. Reported by Barnum, the aircraft was equal to the P-43 in speed at 20,000 ft.

During their service with the CAF, the P-43 was credited, with P-40s, for taking part in multiple missions, some resulting in kills for the pilots at hand. By New Years of 1943, though, the aircraft's time was coming and would prove to be the final year of combat usage for the aircraft in China. Due to the limited supply in China, the P-43 was usually used as a single-plane flight during "mundane" missions such as weather reconnaissance and communications. The former seemed to be a 'specialty' for the P-43 with flights between Kunming and Hanoi. By May 1944, the Chinese had a total of twenty P-43 aircraft, but a year later had grown to twenty-eight. By August of 1945, however, the aircraft were no longer included as a major strength in the Chinese Air Force's arsenal.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=p-43a-1_china Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/375197-p-43a/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

=== References ===

;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography

* Dunn, Richard L. Republic P-43 Lancer and China's Air War. Warbird Forum. 2004, [https://www.warbirdforum.com/richdunn.htm Website]

{{AirManufacturer Republic}}
{{China fighters}}

FJ-4B

2024-05-19T21:29:31Z

U132528921: /* Flight performance */

{{About
| about = American strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the gift version
| link-1 = FJ-4B VMF-232
| usage-2 = other aircraft of the family
| link-2 = F-86 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=fj_4b
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
|cockpit=cockpit_fj_4b.jpg
}}

== Description ==

In the early 1950s, the US Navy realized during the Korean War that their straight-wing fighters were inferior to the swept-wing [[MiG-15 (Family)|MiG-15s]]. Since the F7U and F9F fighters were still under development, the Navy looked elsewhere for a suitable swept-wing stop-gap fighter, eventually settling on the Air Force's [[F-86 (Family)|F-86 Sabre]]. Modifications were carried to make it compatible with aircraft carriers, including a stronger nose-wheel strut, all-moving flying tail without dihedral, outer wing panels folded upward and the windscreen was modified to aid the pilot's visibility. This version of the aircraft was designated as the FJ-2 Fury. The FJ-3 subsequently included a more powerful engine and improved and strengthened wings allowing both greater manoeuvrability and heavier ordnance payloads. The '''FJ-4''' was a more aggressive approach, with a much thinner wing and skin which was milled from solid alloy plates allowing for more strength, durability, and aerodynamics. As the FJ-4 was built to be an all-weather interceptor, it required a considerable amount of fuel for operations and contained 50% more fuel than the FJ-3. Also, due to the stronger wing of this fighter, a total of six underwing stations were available allowing for more carrying capacity.

Introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]], the {{PAGENAME}} is a solid multi-role aircraft which can fight air-to-air combat, ground-pound, or both. The fighter features four 20 mm autocannons and then can outfit several different ordnance to its underwing stores. Bomb loadouts range from 250, 500, 1,000 or 2,000 lb bombs effectively targeting from vehicles and pillboxes all the way up to bases. FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets make short work of ground targets, but also can be deadly against any of the bomber aircraft it may intercept. The {{PAGENAME}} can also sport either two or four AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles, increasing its effectiveness in air-to-air combat. However, unlike its [[FJ-4B VMF-232|event counterpart]], it does not have access to the AGM-12B Bullpup guided air-to-ground missiles.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The FJ-4B's flight performance is a bit sluggish. Due to the weight of the airframe, it has poor acceleration compared to other aircraft at 9.0. The FJ-4B is not a very fast aircraft, at most you will see 880 km/h at sea level. It is not recommended to climb vertically in this aircraft, what is recommended is to build up speed at sea level then zoom climb up to your desired altitude.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 152 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,058 || 1,027 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 32.5 || 33.3 || 28.1 || 26.2 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,107 || 1,090 || 30.2 || 31.0 || 42.8 || 35.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 600 || 575 || 435 || ~10 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 750 || < 690 || < 680 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="6" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Wright J65-W-16A || 1
| colspan="3" | 6,799 kg || colspan="3" | 299 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="5" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 15m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 50m fuel
|-
| 1,270 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 7,576 kg || 7,831 kg || 8,346 kg || 9,120 kg || 9,389 kg || 12,700 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="6" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 15m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 50m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,410 kgf || N/A
| 0.45 || 0.44 || 0.41 || 0.37 || 0.36 || 0.27
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 3,410 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.45 || 0.44 || 0.41 || 0.37 || 0.36 || 0.27
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 60 mm Bulletproof glass in front of the pilot.
* 12.7 mm Steel plate behind the pilot.

The {{PAGENAME}} fighter has minimal armour to save weight, which allowed for more fuel tanks to be installed. The armour on the aircraft is limited to a 12.7 mm steel plate behind the pilot's seat and a 60 mm bulletproof glass in the windscreen of the aircraft. This armour protection at best will help the pilot survive a pilot snipe, however, it will not do anything to protect the fuel tanks and jet engine which are all vulnerable to gun, rocket and missile fire.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Browning-Colt Mk12 Mod 3 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Browning-Colt Mk12 Mod 3 cannons, nose-mounted (144 rpg = 576 total)

Like many of the contemporary fighters of the time, the {{PAGENAME}} was considered a ''gunslinger'' fighter. Fighter aircraft were flying much faster than aircraft a few years earlier and needed to have more manoeuvrability than ever before, one way to do this was to remove the guns from the wings and mount them in the fuselage. For the F4-J, wing-mounted guns would not work due to the fuel tanks already outfitted there. All four 20 mm Browning-Colt Mk12 cannons were mounted in the nose of the aircraft around the air intake for the engine. The benefits for mounting them here are huge, not only does it keep the centre of gravity tight, but it also relieves the pilot of having to set any convergence for them.

For the pilot in the heat of battle, the less they have to remember and do allows them to focus more on the situation at hand and shooting down enemy aircraft (or evade if you are being shot at). Without having to calculate convergence, the pilot is free to fire from effectively 0 m - 800 m and know the rounds will fly true. This allows the {{PAGENAME}} pilot to pummel enemy aircraft within a few hundred meters or attempt to take pilot-sniping shots at longer ranges. The clustering of the four cannons allows for some serious damage to be inflicted especially if it connects with critical components such as an engine, oil/water cooler, pilot, control surfaces or even a wing. Due to the nature of this aircraft and the reduced ammunition load, the pilot must make every shot count or else they will be frequently waiting for a reload or heading back to base to reload.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="7%" | 1 !! width="7%" | 2 !! width="7%" | 3 !! width="7%" | 4 !! width="7%" | 5 !! width="7%" | 6
| rowspan="9" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 81 (250 lb)|250 lb LDGP Mk 81]] bombs
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83]] bombs
| || 1 || || || 1 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84]] bombs
| || 1 || || || 1 ||
|-
! [[FFAR Mighty Mouse]] rockets
| 19 || 19 || 19 || 19 || 19 || 19
|-
! [[Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP]] rockets
| 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4
|-
! [[AIM-9B Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 1
|-
| colspan="7" | Maximum permissible loadout weight: 2,675 kg Maximum permissible wing load: 1,337 kg Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 1,000 kg
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 114 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 24 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 6 x 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 6 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 2 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (4,000 lb total)
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==


In battle, you are a support aircraft or a ground attack aircraft. When being a support aircraft, your job is to bait the enemy into getting low and slow, which makes it easier for your allies to come and clean up the enemy. Since you don't retain energy very well and you have poor acceleration, try to always manoeuvre with the enemy and if possible, shoot down enemy aircraft. When using it as a ground attack aircraft you have many options. The recommended loadout is either is 114 FFAR Mighty Mouse Rockets, or the 76 FFAR Mighty Mouse Rockets and two AIM-9B sidewinders. It is recommended that you attack primary ground targets like pillboxes and artillery positions. It is not recommended to carry bombs on this aircraft as you do not have the bomb load to take out an enemy base. Try to fly as low as possible to avoid being detected by the enemy. If attacked by enemy aircraft, turn into your opponent as this will not give them a firing solution. In Ground RB, you are one of the most heavily armed ground attackers for its tier, although in this game mode enemy tanks will require more than one rocket in order to be knocked out.

The {{PAGENAME}} is an all-weather fighter/interceptor which includes multi-role capabilities also deeming it a fighter-bomber. While initially built for the Navy, this fighter saw most of its action with the US Marines and thus needed to be a multi-role aircraft which could combat both air and ground targets in support of US Marine operations.

;Ground attack

The {{PAGENAME}} has a wide variety of options for ground attack operations, especially in War Thunder. Stock aircraft are limited in the munitions they can carry, however as the pilot progresses, heavier ordnance becomes available. For this aircraft, there are choices between 250, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 lb bombs. The choice of bombs to be used depends on the map being played and the targets available on that map. For maps with many smaller targets such as light/medium tanks, trucks and anti-aircraft batteries, it is best to use the 250 lb bombs from lower altitudes, whereas when you begin to encounter targets with heavier armour they will require the larger bombs. When base attacking, it is best to utilise the 1,000 and 2,000 lb bombs.

Rockets, while listed as "Folding-Fin Aerial Rockets" can be effectively used against ground targets, predominantly clusters of vehicles or aircraft landing on runways to repair or during domination matches. Since the rockets are unguided, the pilot will typically need to fire off a salvo (+5) of rockets to chance at least one hits the target, however, due to the situation, it would not be improper to fire off 10 or more to ensure a hit. With 114 FFAR rockets, the {{PAGENAME}} will have plenty to spare, don't hesitate to use them as the pilot going down in flames with almost a full load of rockets is probably kicking themselves for not using more.

;Air interceptor

The {{PAGENAME}} was initially built as an interceptor and has the tools to do just that. In combination with the four autocannons, there are options to equip the FFAR rockets which can effectively be used against larger and slower aircraft such as bombers. Mighty Mouse rockets while small and unguided (aim, fire and forget) may seem to be a less effective choice, never underestimate them in large groups. When going against bombers, FFAR rockets can be highly effective, especially since they only need to explode close to the target and still can cause damage. Since the {{PAGENAME}} can carry 114 of these rockets, they are more effective when fired in large groups or salvos. This reasoning is due to the unguided nature of the rockets, it may be easy for a target aircraft to avoid one or two, however, if 10 or more are fired, chances are the evading aircraft may actually manoeuvre into the flight path of one of the rockets.

For direct air-to-air combat, the {{PAGENAME}} has the option to outfit the coveted AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles. These missiles were the missiles of choice for pilots in the Vietnam War as they had a higher rate of success compared to the Sparrow and other missiles used. While not a 100% guarantee to destroy an enemy aircraft after fired, they will usually cause the pilot immediately take evasive manoeuvres which at times may include energy haemorrhaging turns which may set up the aircraft an easy target for the FJ-4's autocannons.

;Multi-role fighter/bomber/interceptor

In regards to some maps, it is not always clear what the targets will be or if the match will end up fighter or bomber heavy. For this, there are several suspended armament load-outs which will cater to both bombing and aerial attack to include rockets/missiles, bombs/missiles and lots of bombs and missiles. Since the 20 mm autocannons are part of the offensive armament package, all loadout versions will include these weapons.

===Radars===

The FJ-4B is equipped with an AN/APG-30 rangefinding radar, located in the nose of the aircraft.
It will automatically detect other planes within the scanning area and display the range to the closest target. It is linked with a gyro gunsight and can help with aiming at close range.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | AN/APG-30 - Rangefinding radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 2,750 m || 300 m || ±9° || ±9°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Equipped with a tailhook, allowing for carrier landings if necessary
* High top speed (can reach up to 1,100 km/h)
* Effective air brakes
* Capable of carrying a vast array of ordnance including 2 x 2,000 lb bombs and up to 114 Mighty Mouse unguided rockets
* Can equip 4 AIM-9B air-to-air missiles

'''Cons:'''

* Hydra rockets relatively ineffective in high-rank battles except on soft targets
* Low acceleration, easily run-down by competing aircraft
* Below-average manoeuvrability
* Quite sluggish, especially when carrying ordnance
* Guns suffer from very bad dispersion when not upgraded

== History ==

The FJ-4 was the fourth modification of the Fury - the naval version of the F-86 Sabre, serving primarily with the USMC. Being initially conceived as an all-weather interceptor, the FJ-4 Fury had to incorporate several design changes compared to the previous fighter version in order to fulfill this new role. The most notable change was the increase in range and the installation of new, thinner wings with an increased surface area. To achieve the range increase, the aircraft underwent several structural changes which reduced its weight and allowed for additional fuel tanks to be installed. Additionally, a more powerful Wright J65-W-16A engine, producing 7,700 lbf of thrust, was installed on the production versions. Following successful test flights, production of the FJ-4 commenced in 1955 with first units entering service with the Navy in 1956. Over 150 FJ-4 Fury interceptors were built.

Wishing to increase the strike capabilities of the new FJ-4, engineers of the North American company went back to the drawing board and once more applied several changes to the design, creating the FJ-4B. The FJ-4B version most notably featured a strengthened wing, offering an increased payload by adding two additional hardpoints to each wing, bringing the total up from two to six. Furthermore, the aircraft received air brakes under the aft of the fuselage, making dive bombing and landing easier. Of the original order for 221 FJ-4 Fury interceptors, the last 71 were modified into the FJ-4B fighter-bomber version. An additional order for 151 FJ-4B Furies followed in April 1956, bringing the total of produced FJ-4Bs up to 222. Both the interceptor and fighter-bomber version of the FJ-4 served with the Navy and USMC until the early 1960s, before being phased out of active service and moved to the Naval Air Reserve. The FJ-4 was the last modification of the Fury and among the last mass-produced variants of the Sabre lineage.

''- From [[wt:en/news/5555-development-fj-4b-fury-last-of-its-kind-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fj_4b Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:GarageImage FJ-4B.jpg|FJ-4B as seen here in the hangar with the standard stock camouflage
File:GarageImage FJ-4B VMF-232.jpg|Event FJ-4B sporting the camouflage of the VMF-232 "Red Devils" Squadron
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Related development

* Canadair [[F-86 (Family)|Sabre]] (those Sabres manufactured with the designator "CL")
* North American [[F-86 (Family)|F-86A/F]]
* North American [[F-86K (France)|F-86D]] Sabre
* North American [[F-100D|F-100]] Super Sabre
* North American [[FJ-4B|FJ-4]] Fury

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Dassault [[Super Mystere B2|Super Mystère]]
* Grumman [[F9F-8|F-9]] Cougar
* Hawker [[Hunter F.1|Hunter]]
* Lavochkin [[La-15]]
* Mikoyan-Gurevich [[MiG-15]]
* Mikoyan-Gurevich [[MiG-17]]
* Saab [[J29D|J29]] Tunnan

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5555-development-fj-4b-fury-last-of-its-kind-en|[Devblog] FJ-4B Fury: Last of its Kind]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/414735-fj-4b-fury/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer NAA}}
{{USA jet aircraft}}

P-40F-10

2024-05-19T21:27:16Z

U132528921: /* Flight performance */

{{About
|about= American fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|other
|usage-1 = other versions
|link-1 = P-40 (Family)
|usage-2 = other uses
|link-2 = P40 (Disambiguation)

}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=p-40f_10
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
|cockpit=cockpit_p-40f_10.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The Allison engine found in many P-40 variants severely limited the Warhawks' capabilities. It lacked a supercharger gear for high-altitude performance and was overall lacklustre compared to other engines. To remedy that, a P-40D was fitted with a Merlin engine in 1941. It produced around 1,300 hp and would later lead to the P-40F. The P-40F was largely the same as the previous variant but the Packard-built Merlin engine immensely increased the Warhawk's capability. It was better suited at high altitudes, the range was far better, and overall performance was increased. Over 1,300 P-40Fs were built and some were exported to the Royal Air Force.

The {{Specs|name}} was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]]. The new Packard-built Merlin engine greatly increases the Warhawk's ability to fight at higher altitudes. It still retains many of the same elements as the previous Warhawk variants. There are two ways to visually distinguish a P-40F from other variants: the P-40F lacks the upper air intake found on Allison-powered Warhawks and the fuselage was lengthened to accommodate the extra torque produced by the Merlin engine. Overall, the P-40F is a general improvement to the Warhawk family.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

With the new features present on this plane, it now has a decent performance at high altitudes, as well as a superb diving capability while maintaining the ability to stand its ground in a dogfight, but not being the best at.

With a rather average climb ratio this plane will be able to reach 5,000 m in about 4 to 5 minutes, at that altitude it will maintain a decent straight-line acceleration and won't reach performance limits until 5,600 m. Above that altitude both the engine power and surfaces control will continuously decrease.

This plane has a good dive speed acceleration and it can also bear high maximum speeds, giving it a good [[Boom & Zoom|Boom and Zoom]] ability. It will be able to get out of a dive if pulled up at a maximum speed between 740 km/h and 760 km/h, although surfaces control will begin to decrease at 725 km/h, making it harder to adjust the direction.

When turn fighting, the P-40 will show its best turn ratio and manoeuvrability at 450 km/h; and if needed, combat flaps can be safely used at this speed to provide a slight boost. However, once it begins to lose speed, two problems will appear. First, it will begin to lose rudder stability, meaning that movement on the plane's vertical axis (yaw) will get unstable and sluggish, thus becoming harder to get guns on target. Second, the plane's turn ratio will begin to worsen once the speed drops below 350 km/h.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,029 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 588 || 568 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.1 || 21.9 || 7.7 || 7.8 || rowspan="2" | 350
|-
! Upgraded
| 646 || 615 || 18.9 || 20.0 || 15.9 || 11.2
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 819  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 595 || 530 || 245 || ~12 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 420 || < 380 || < 420 || > 340
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


;Armour plates

* 38 mm Bulletproof glass in front of pilot.
* 3 mm Steel plate in front of oil cooling system.
* 8 mm Steel plate behind the pilot.

;Critical components

* All critical components are located on the central airframe:
** Self-sealing fuel tanks are located behind and under the pilot seat.
** Engine and cooling systems are at the front of the plane.
** Traction cables of control surfaces are in the tail section.
* Except for the armament, there are no critical modules in the wings.
* The wings can take a good amount of damage from MGs, except the tip that is easily blown off.
* 20 mm ammunition will severe any wing clean.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 6 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (281 rpg = 1,686 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M30A1 (100 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs (200 lb total)
* 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb (500 lb total)
* 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb + 2 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs (700 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==

The P-40F-10 performs similarly to the P-40E-1, although it is neither as fast (at lower altitudes) nor as good at turning. Although this is compensated with the new Merlin engine, providing a better performance at higher altitudes, as well as the re-designed tail section, which allows a better elevator control at higher speeds, making it a very competitive aircraft when using Boom and Zoom tactics. It can also take a good amount of machine gun hits while keeping the critical modules safe; however, cannons will pose a more serious threat specially if they hit the wings. This aircraft comes too with a good fire power, which considering all the characteristics listed previously, allows for the pilot to choose from different tactics as well as objectives when engaging enemy aircraft.

==== Early Game ====
At the start of a match it's advised to reach and altitude of 4,500 m to 5,000 m, for this WEP can be used, shallowly side climbing at a 20° angle, up to 3,500 m, then reducing throttle to 100% and a 17° angle (to avoid engine overheating) until the desired altitude is reached. Once up there start heading towards a more central map position, while keeping it leveled off in order to regain speed.

==== Bomber Hunting ====
Up here, enemy bombers will either be at the same altitude or lower. Packing 6 x 12.7 mm machine guns, the P-40 usually deals fatal damage to enemy bombers in only one pass, either destroying the wings or setting them on fire; making them a good target to aim for when in the air. Therefore, if any enemy bomber, or group of bombers are spotted nearby, it's a good decision to attack them. Just keep in mind to check the surroundings as you don't want to get jumped on by a group of enemy fighters while attacking their bombers.

==== Enemy Fighters ====
Taking advantage of the P-40F-10 capabilities, there are three ways in which you can attack enemy fighters. According to the situation, you should either:

* [[Boom & Zoom|Boom and Zoom]]: If you spot any enemy below you, take advantage of this plane's high maximum speed in a dive and use Boom and Zoom tactics; basically diving on them, start shooting once you are in range of your chosen gun convergence distance, as this will concentrate the most fire power on the center of the enemy plane, and then climb back regaining the lost altitude. Your plane can safely pull out of a dive at a maximum speed of 750 km/h; however, if you are aiming for a plane that's dogfighting an ally or has seen you before you opened fire, keep in mind that if you're going faster than 725 km/h the rudder as well as the aileron's control will begin to stiffen up, making it harder to follow the enemy plane's movements. To counter this, you can zoom back with the throttle set to 0% to lose some speed or, if the enemy hasn't noticed you yet, you can loop around in a horizontal axis every time you are going faster than your desired speed, until you reach your target.

* [[Turn & Burn|Dogfight]]: If a dogfight approach is taken, this plane is able to outturn most axis fighters, except for Japanese ones. However, this will be relative to your energy state, since the performance of the P-40 will begin to decrease when going below a certain speed; therefore, it's recommended to first engage while going at around 500 km/h, this will provide you with the longest time before the aircraft's performance drops. Keep in mind that the plane will show its best turn ratio at about 450 km/h. Take advantage of the strong fire power of your aircraft to end these dogfights as soon as possible, and unless there are allies around to support you or the enemy aircraft is clearly more sluggish than yours at low speeds, do not stay in a dogfight if your speed goes below 300 km/h; you will notice that your turn ratio will get worse and the rudder control will become unstable. If you end up in this situation, the best decision would be to break from the dogfight, get some distance from the enemy and either: engage again if you have enough speed, this time with a Boom and Zoom mindset, or if the enemy is following and reaching you, force the enemy into scissors.

* [[Boom & Run|Boom and Run]]: Using this tactic is only viable if their is no dangerous enemy. This can be used to take out lower altitude planes, or ground targets. With the F-10 variant, this will throw out the altitude advantage and the improved high altitude, that is necessary to the P-40. If caught, try to either gain altitude, or make him overshoot and shred him to pieces with your armament. If you fail to do either, and it turns into a dogfight, try to run from the fight and set them up for a Boom and Zoom attack, or if you don't have enough speed force them into scissors.

'''Air SB'''

The P-40 can be used for BnZ fighting, bomber hunting and ground pounding in Sim. It is a decent plane with distinct pros and cons. Its heavy firepower of 6 x 12.7 mm MGs can critically damage the enemy and rip it apart. It has great dive speed and decent level speed, capable of outrunning slower opponents. However, it is a nose-heavy plane so unlike other planes, the P-40 has to trim the elevators upwards. It has quite limited visibility with lots of canopy frames and a razorback design. The P-40's over-the-nose visibility is one of the worst due to its big, long engine, and the small intake on top of the cowling, making leading very hard. Moreover, its engine tends to overheat frequently even with 95% throttle, meaning you have to cut throttle a lot to avoid damaging the engine.

Before entering a battle, it is recommended to set keybinds for trimming and vertical head movements to improve the forward visibility a bit. Take at least 30 minutes of fuel. Set the convergence between 250-500 m, with vertical targeting on.

The general tactics remain the same as above: BnZ the enemies. However against bombers, utilise deflection shooting instead of leading the shot like in realistic.

For ground pounding, the P-40 can carry a bomb payload of 2 x 100 lb or 1 x 500 lb or 2 x 100 lb + 1 x 500 lb (700 lb), making it a decent ground attack fighter for its rank. The Ground Targets belt for the .50 cals allow the P-40 to rip apart enemy AAA, Pillboxes, and even most German/Japanese light tanks. [[Pz.II (Family)|Pz.IIs]], [[BT-5]] and [[BT-7]], [[Chi-Ha]]s, etc. can all be torn to shreds with the .50 cals, primarily from the side and top. The P-40 will wobble a lot (sideways mainly) so you must get used to smoothing the plane down in order to hit ground targets.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good survivability
* Can outrun most on-tier vehicles in a straight-line path
* Good energy retention in a dive
* Better performance at mid to high speeds
* Effective armament with a relatively large ammo pool

'''Cons:'''

* Engine is prone to overheating
* Like the previous iteration of the P-40, does not do well in a turn fight
* Sub-par climb rate
* Rather unstable in pitch axis in SB
* Extremely bad visibility over the nose in SB

== History ==

Although early P-40s were equipped with one of the most powerful inline engines available to the American aircraft industry at the time, it quickly became apparent that even that wasn't enough. Due to its advanced and robust design, it's no secret that the P-40 was a relatively heavy aircraft for its type, resulting in power-to-weight issues which would never be fully solved. Nonetheless, Curtiss engineers continued tweaking and improving the design in all aspects, trying to lessen the drawbacks of high weight and insufficient power.

In 1940, the American Packard Motor Car Company acquired a licence to manufacture the Rolls-Royce Merlin engine, in an effort to satisfy the growing demand of the British aviation industry. Additionally, the licence gave American engineers access to a more powerful engine at a time where similar U.S. engines were not available. Naturally, Curtiss engineers didn't waste any time outfitting the P-40 with the brand new licence-built Merlin engine, resulting in the creation of the P-40F. Besides the internal engine upgrade, some external changes were also applied to the aircraft. For instance, the tail section of the fuselage was lengthened in an effort to counter the negative effects of strong engine torque on take-off and landing experienced on earlier modifications. With the changes applied, serial production of the new P-40F was scheduled to begin in 1942. As the British and Commonwealth air forces were particularly keen on a Merlin-engined P-40 variant, they were also the first ones to receive the new P-40Fs as early as summer of the same year.

Despite the British and Commonwealth forces receiving the P-40Fs first, the majority of the 1,300 manufactured machines served with units of the USAAF in the Mediterranean theatre. By the end of the Mediterranean campaign in late 1943, the P-40F had successfully proven the value of the applied changes by presenting itself as a more than capable air superiority fighter, when matched up against previously superior Axis counterparts such as the Bf 109F/G and M.C. 202/205. During its service in the Mediterranean, experienced pilots, applying the right tactics showed that the Warhawk could no longer be considered the underdog, but instead an equal at very least.

Interesting: The Soviet Union received P-40 fighters under the lend-lease program; they were considered to be aircraft with medium efficiency but were quite durable. Lieutenant Alexei Khlobystov in one battle conducted two successful rams and after that encounter, the pilot and his "Kittyhawk" returned to the airfield!

''- From [[wt:en/news/5508-development-curtiss-p-40f-the-mediterranean-angel-of-death-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=p-40f_10 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|PUw2CQ8e0lE|'''Best Combo #1''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 0:55 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|4hSjkacg4CQ|'''The Shooting Range #98''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 09:01 discusses the P-40F.}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* Curtiss [[P-36 (Family)|P-36]] Hawk
* Curtiss [[P-40 (Family)]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Hawker [[Hurricane (Family)|Hurricane]]
* Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov [[LaGG-3 (Family)|LaGG-3]]
* Macchi [[C.202]]
* Messerschmitt [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5508-development-curtiss-p-40f-the-mediterranean-angel-of-death-en|[Devblog] Curtiss P-40F: The Mediterranean Angel of Death]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/414730-p-40f-10/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[wikipedia:Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk_variants|[Wikipedia] Curtiss P-40 Warhawk variants]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/436250-what-are-your-thoughts-p-40f-10-warhawk/&ct=1590425635 <nowiki>[Forum] What are your thoughts? - P-40F-10 Warhawk</nowiki>]

{{AirManufacturer Curtiss}}
{{USA fighters}}

Ki-49-IIb

2024-05-19T21:22:12Z

U132528921: /* Flight performance */

{{About
| about = Japanese medium bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = Ki-49 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ki-49_2b
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

The Ki-49's role is a low-altitude medium bomber capable of destroying ground targets such as pillboxes and tanks. Although hindered by a low total bomb capacity, this aircraft is renowned for its impressive manoeuvrability. This being said, it is very easy for the Ki-49 to hover above an area and drop all of its payloads rather quickly. Heavy bombers such as the G8N1 Renzan have a harder time due to their sheer size and slow rate of turn. Make sure to select the 4 x 250 kg bomb load out if attacking targets like tanks, pillboxes, bases or smaller ships.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,150 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 481 || 464 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.0 || 31.8 || 9.6 || 9.6 || rowspan="2" | 650
|-
! Upgraded
| 524 || 502 || 29.0 || 30.0 || 16.1 || 12.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 610  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 427 || 398 || 250 || ~5 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 260 || < 360 || < 350 || > 340
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 68 mm Bulletproof glass in front of the pilot
* 12.5 mm Steel plate in front of the pilot
* 16.5 mm Steel plate behind the pilots
* 12.5 mm Steel plate behind the dorsal gunner
* 12.5 mm Steel plates surrounding the dorsal gunner
* 12.5 mm Steel plates in front of the tail gunner

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

* Being a bomber, speed is not necessarily an important attribute, however, payload and defensive armament is. Upgrading the bombs allows for more target flexibility and damage potential while turret upgrades will help survivability. the turret belts and the "new turrets" upgrades are useful. The "new turrets" upgrade will allow you to fire the turrets for longer periods of time and having access to multiple ammunition belts is also helpful. The engine upgrades are also useful in that they will help you reach your target faster and will control engine temperature. Having all of the weapons upgrades will help drastically in unlocking the other modules on this aircraft.

* The best way of grinding with this aircraft is to play cautiously and to use communication. As with any bomber, if you're caught alone or off guard you are as good as lost. Although not a sure tactic, having a fighter escort will boost RP gains drastically. This goes for all game modes. Generally, try to destroy as many targets as possible without wasting bombs. If done in a speedy fashion it is possible to drop multiple payloads in RB. The same goes for simulator battles. In arcade battles, having a high reload speed and a fighter escort will allow for constant bombardment. If done correctly, flying the Ki-49 in all modes will net you large amounts of RP.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Army Type 94 GPHE (50 kg)|Army Type 92 GPHE (250 kg)|Army Type 92 GPHE (500 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 12 x 50 kg Army Type 94 GPHE bombs (600 kg total)
* 4 x 250 kg Army Type 92 GPHE bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 1 x 500 kg Army Type 92 GPHE bomb (500 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Ho-1 (20 mm)|Ho-104 (12.7 mm)|Type 89 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 20 mm Ho-1 cannon, dorsal turret (180 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Ho-104 machine gun, nose turret (250 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Ho-104 machine gun, ventral turret (250 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Ho-104 machine gun, tail turret (250 rpg)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Type 89 machine gun, 2 x beam turrets (414 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==


If attacked by fighters, it is important to remember and recognize the Ki-49's turning capabilities. It is actually possible to win lateral turn fights against fighters with this aircraft. Try not to act like a "sitting duck" because the Ki-49 features little armour protection and has limited defensive capabilities as far as weapons go. If found in a sticky situation, the hard-hitting 20 mm dorsal cannon is deadly. The only problem is that it isn't located directly on the tail. If an enemy is directly behind or below the Ki-49, the 20 mm tail gunner's arc will not reach it. Therefore, one may need to change altitude in order to have the enemy plane both above and behind you. Pulling hard manoeuvres will throw the enemy off and allow you to set up for more defensive fire.

This aircraft has the ability to hold up to 1,000 kg of bombs in several different variations. 12 x 50 kg bombs, 4 x 250 kg bombs, and 1 x 500 kg bomb. Use the 12 x 50 kg bombs to attack light tanks and light pillboxes. They are not viable against bigger targets since direct hits are needed to destroy. This loadout is particularly useful on maps like Zhengzhou where there is an abundance of non-moving targets (light pillboxes). Use the 4 x 250 kg bomb versions to destroy heavier targets such as medium tanks, pillboxes, destroyers, and cargo ships.

In arcade battles, this aircraft is particularly proficient at bombing bases, especially with a maxed reload crew skill. Since the Ki-49 can virtually turn on a dime, instead of having to line up longer bombing runs like heavy bombers you can "hover" over the base or airfield and attempt dive attacks. It's also possible to use this same tactic against pillboxes or tanks. With fighter cover, a good reload time skill and good aim it's possible to destroy dozens of ground units.

Although unconventional, this aircraft is a fantastic weapon if you want to bait the enemy. Ideally, you would want to attract a higher flying enemy down to you and to get into a turn fight. This way, depending on the enemy aircraft you can outmanoeuvre and distract him while teammates fly down to finish him off. Also if the enemy aircraft attacks from above, the 20 mm Ho-1 cannon can do a lot of damage.

Specific aircraft to watch out for:

* North American Aviation B-25J Mitchel (This is due to the firepower the B-25J has with its nose-mounted machine guns and its airspawn).
* Bristol Beaufighter (This heavy fighter has 4 x 20 mm cannons and can destroy the Ki-49-IIb with relative ease).
* Northrop P-61 Black Widow (This heavy fighter has 4 x 20 mm cannons and 4 machine guns. This level of firepower can destroy the Ki-49-IIb with relative ease).
* Any planes with big guns (Bell P-39 Airacobra, Bell P-63 King Cobra....) this is because the Ki-49-IIb does not react well to damage.

When dealing with the Ki-49-IIb, be careful of its defensive armament. It may not be strong, however, do not underestimate it. To attack this bomber while taking minimal damage, attack it from the front of the plane or attack from below. Do not attack from above the rear of the Ki-49-IIb as the 20 mm cannon will cripple your plane if not outright destroy it.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very good manoeuvrability and turn time for a bomber
* Variety of payload options
* Multiple gunners for protection in almost all directions
* Armour protection around pilots and gunners
* Tremendous fuel capacity

'''Cons:'''

* Prone to engine and fuel fires
* Relatively slow
* Low total bomb capacity (1,000 kg)
* Below average defensive armament
* Low rate of climb
* Gunners are closely grouped together

== History ==


;Nakajima Ki-49-II Donryu Army Bomber, type 100 model 2 (code name "Helen")

Prior to the outbreak of the War in the Pacific, the Japanese utilised the Ki-49 in China where it served well. It wasn't until the spring of 1942 that the Japanese military determined that the Ki-49 should be fitted with upgraded engines, namely the Nakajima Ha-109 radial piston engines which were rated at 1450 hp. Upgrading the engines, however, required slight modification of the engine nacelles to accommodate the newer engines even though they were roughly the same size as the original engines. Unfortunately, the oil cooler would not fit inside the nacelle along with the new engine and was instead mounted on the exterior of the nacelle. Other changes were also made to improve combat conditions of this aircraft: upgraded armour protection protecting the aircrew was installed along with self-sealing fuel tanks and a bombsight. The defensive armament remained similar to that of the Ki-49-I, however, the Type 89 machine guns were replaced with Type 98 7.92 mm machine guns (which were based on the Rheinmetall-Borsig MG.15). The normal bomb-carrying capacity of the aircraft was increased to 1,000 kg. A few short months later in August of 1942, this new version of the Donryu entered production under the designation Ki-49-IIa (model 2 Ko).

Quickly it was determined that the defensive machine guns were proven to be ineffective against Allied fighters and this required a new modification, which became the Ki-49-IIb (model 2 Otsu) implemented with stronger defensive weaponry. In the bow, stern, and ventral firing positions, the Type 98 7.92 mm machine guns were replaced with Ho-103 12.7 mm machine guns (the Type 1 Japanese version of the Browning M2 .50 calibre machine guns). The two guns on the aircraft's sides were replaced with the original 7.7 mm Type 89 machine guns removed during the Ki-49-Ia upgrade. The bomb load remained unchanged at 1,000 kg. In later series, the Ki-49-IIb's common exhaust tube was replaced with several individual pipes. Even though the Ki-49-II bombers went through several revisions and upgrades, they were unable to completely replace the older models still in service. These bombers were used mainly in New Guinea, and China, and, in October of 1944, they were transferred to the Philippines where they actively participated in the Battle of Leyte Gulf. The Ki-49 was utilised as a jack-of-all-trades aircraft as she was used as both a day and a night bomber, long-range reconnaissance, transport, and anti-submarine patrols to name a few. Towards the end of the war, the Ki-49s were assigned to kamikaze units and modified for such action. Modifications for the kamikaze missions included stripping out all of the defensive armaments, the crew was reduced to two pilots and the bomb load was increased to 1,600 kg. Production of the Ki-49 ceased in December of 1944. In all its different variants, a total of 819 Ki-49s were constructed.

* 7th Sentai, 2nd Chutai 1944-45
* 74th Sentai, 2nd Chutai Philippines 1944-45

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Nakajima Ki-49-II Donryu Army Bomber, type 100 model 2 (code name "Helen")

In the spring of 1942, it was decided that the Ki-49 should be fitted with new engines, the Nakajima Ha-109 radial piston engines, rated at 1450 hp. This required only a slight modification of the engine nacelles, as the new engine was a similar size to that of its predecessor. However, the oil cooler could not fit inside the nacelle along with the engine and was put outside, instead. Other changes were made to improve combat conditions: the armour protecting the airplane's crew was upgraded and self-sealing fuel tanks were installed, as well as a new bomb sight.

The defensive armament remained similar to that of the Ki-49-I, but the Type 89 machine guns were replaced with 7.92 mm Type 98 machine guns (which were based on the Rheinmetall-Borsig MG.15). Normal bomb carrying capacity was increased to 1,000 kg.

In August of 1942, the new version of the Donryu entered production, under the designation Ki-49-IIa (model 2Ko). However, the fighters' machine guns were soon proven to be ineffective against Allied fighters, so a new modification, the Ki-49-IIb (model 2Otsu) was designed with stronger defensive weaponry. In the bow, stern, and lower firing locations, the 7.92 mm Type 98 machine guns were replaced with 12.7 mm Ho-103 machine guns (the Type 1 Japanese version of the Browning M2.50). The two guns on the aircraft's sides were replaced with the original 7.7 mm Type 89 machine guns. The bomb load remained unchanged.

In later series, the Ki-49-IIb's common exhaust was replaced with several separate pipes.

The Ki-49-II bombers were unable to completely replace the older models in service. They were used mainly in New Guinea and China, and, in October of 1944, they took active participation in the Battle of Leyte.

The Ki-49 was used as both a day and a night bomber as well as for long-range reconnaissance, transport, and anti-submarine patrols. Towards the end of the war, they were used in kamikaze units. For kamikaze missions, the Ki-49 was stripped of all defensive armaments, the crew was reduced to two pilots, and the bomb load was increased to 1,600 kg.

Production of the Ki-49 ceased in December of 1944. In all, 819 Ki-49s were constructed, including all variants.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ki-49_2b Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [http://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=559 [Military Factory<nowiki>]</nowiki> Nakajima Ki-49 Donryu (Helen)]
* [http://www.pilotfriend.com/photo_albums/timeline/ww2/Nakajima%20Ki%2049%20Helen.htm [Pilot Friend<nowiki>]</nowiki> Nakajima Ki 49 Helen]
* [http://wp.scn.ru/en/ww2/b/1033/65 [Wings Palette<nowiki>]</nowiki> Nakajima Ki-49 Donryu/Helen]

{{AirManufacturer Nakajima}}
{{Japan bombers}}

PB4Y-2 (China)

2024-05-19T21:16:35Z

U132528921: /* Flight performance */

{{About
|about= bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage= other versions
|link= B-24/PB4Y (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=pb4y-2_china
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The ROCAF received PB4Y-2s to replace the diminishing amount of B-24s in service. They saw active service well into the '50s over Mainland China, and multiple Liberators were shot down. One ROCAF Liberator was lost to a Burmese Hawker Sea Fury, and the aircraft was later phased out in the early '60s as they became obsolete.

Introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]], the '''{{Specs|name}}''', like many 4-engined bombers, is no exception to lacking any manoeuvrability and is incredibly slow. In level flight, the PB4Y struggles to hit 400 km/h (250 mph) so almost every fighter will be able to intercept you.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' has the same performance as the other Liberators. It is very slow and the engines suffer at high altitudes due to the PB4Y's inherent design of being a maritime patrol aircraft. At any altitude, the PB4Y will struggle to reach speeds of 400 km/h. The acceleration is also very weak, so it will take a long time to reach that speed in level flight. To make up for the low speed, the PB4Y does have an excellent structural rip speed of almost 600 km/h (375 mph) which can be utilized in a pinch, especially with the long-range bomber air spawn (4,500 m / 14,763 ft). However, the controls will stiffen up at high speeds so players should be wary of attempting aggressive dive angles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,620 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 385 || 379 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 39.4 || 41.0 || 1.3 || 1.3 || rowspan="2" | 950
|-
! Upgraded
| 427 || 404 || 36.7 || 38.0 || 6.5 ||3.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 360 || 263 || ~4 || ~2
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 200 || < 180 || < 180 || > 300
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

[[File:PB4Y Armour.png|thumb|400px|Bluish Green - 6.35 mm Steel Green - 9.5 mm Steel Yellowish Green - 12.7 mm steel Yellow - 38 mm Bulletproof glass Red - 55 mm Bulletproof glass]]

The PB4Y has a lot of armour and also has self-sealing fuel tanks. The self-sealing tanks are located where the wings and fuselage meet. It also has extinguishers to help aid against fires.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M30A1 (100 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)|AN-M66A2 (2,000 lb)|Type A Mark I mine}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 20 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 8 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 4 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 8 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 4 x 2,000 lb AN-M66A2 bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 4 x Type A Mark I mines
* 8 x Type A Mark I mines

The PB4Y has access to a multitude of bomb loadouts including mines. However, it does not get access to any custom loadouts.

The first bomb loadout is the 20 x 100lb. Against bombing bases, players will need to drop a significant amount of bombs to fully destroy a base. The same also goes for ground targets as these bombs only have 24.5 kg TNT equivalent and a dull 2-metre destruction radius against armoured targets. This loadout is relatively weak and mainly serves as a gateway to the other more effective bomb loadouts.

The second loadout is the 8 x 500 lb loadout. The AN-M64A1 has a 162.81 kg TNT equivalent which is a big improvement over the AN-M30A1. This loadout is much more effective compared to the previous loadout with an additional 2,000 lbs of bombs. Also, these bombs will be more potent against ground targets with a 9-metre armoured vehicle destruction radius.

The next bombs will be the 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs which come in 2 loadouts. There is a 4 x 1,000 lb loadout and an 8 x 1,000 lb loadout. The 4 x 1,000 lb loadout has the same mass as the 8 x 500 lb loadout but the former loadout will do more damage per bomb against targets. Ultimately, the 8 x 1,000 lb loadout is superior due to being able to carry more bombs since 5 bombs will be needed to destroy a single base. With a 12-metre destruction radius, this loadout will also be very effective against ground targets.

The final set of researchable bombs will be the whopping 2,000 lb AN-M66A2 bombs with a TNT equivalent of 632 kg. There is one loadout with these bombs and the PB4Y is only able to carry four of them. These have the same mass as the 8 x 1,000 lb bomb but each bomb dropped will do far more damage. However, 2 bombs will be needed to destroy a base. That is half of the total capacity and reduces the number of bases that can be damaged or destroyed. Against armoured targets, these bombs will be able to destroy any vehicle within an 18-metre radius so this bomb can be used effectively on ground targets.

The PB4Y also has access to the Type A Mark I mine. These mines have 2 loadouts, one with 4 mines and the other with 8 mines. They have a very similar destruction radius (16 m) to the 2,000 lb bombs and can be used against ground targets as well as naval targets. The 8 x Mine loadout is excellent for base bombing as only 3 will be needed to destroy a base. This allows for two bases to be destroyed and for a third base to be significantly damaged.

In the end, the best loadout for base bombing will be the 8 x Type A mines as players will be able to do far more damage. The 4 x 2,000 lb and 8 x 1,000 lb loadouts are simply inferior to this loadout especially since the mine modification is only tier two.

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is defended by six turrets each equipped with dual-mounted M2 Browning machine guns.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2 Browning]]
|-
! Mount
! Ammo per gun
! {{Annotation|Fire rate|Shots per minute}}
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| Nose || 600 || rowspan="4" | 750 || -55°/+70° || ±80°
|-
| 2 x Dorsal || 380 || -0°/+67° || ±180°
|-
| 2 x Beam || 400 || -95°/+55° || -55°/+80°
|-
| Tail || 400 || ±70° || -41°/+70°
|-
|}

The turrets on the PB4Y have access to 3 belts, default, armoured, and universal. The worst belt will be the armoured target belt as it lacks any sort of incendiary round (75% AP / 25% tracer). The default belt is composed of a tracer round, AP round, AP-I round, and an incendiary round. Half of the belt is incendiary which will be effective in lighting enemy aircraft on fire. The best belt will be the universal belt which is 75% AP-I and 25% tracer. This belt has the highest composition of incendiary rounds and has the best chance of lighting aircraft on fire. Although pure AP rounds will be able to go through more armour, it is only marginally better (30 mm) than the AP-I rounds which are able to penetrate 28 millimetres of armour.

The 6 turrets on the PB4Y provide an excellent amount of coverage. There are no blindspots, even directly below the aircraft as the dorsal turrets are able to traverse vertically down. The worst firing angle will be targets that come from the low 3 o'clock or 9 o'clock position as the front, rear, and beam turrets will be unable to engage. Another bad firing angle for the PB4Y will be enemy aircraft that approach from directly centerline from either the front or behind and below as the dorsal turrets and beam turrets are unable to engage in that angle. However, it's an incredibly tiny window and in most cases, the dorsal turrets will also be able to engage. The best firing angle will be targets that approach above you and in any position that isn't close to 90/270 degrees and 0/180 degrees.

== Usage in battles ==

There are two ways you can go about playing the ␗PB4Y-2 Privateer, side climbing or diving.

;Side climbing

Side climbing is the safest way of going about. Start by spawning with your Heavy Bomber air spawn, and climb away from the battle. This will give your fighters enough to time to climb up and duel with the enemies. After you see most of the enemies at low alt, you are safe to go in and bomb a point and return-to-base. With side-climbing, the chance to reaching the bombing point is significantly higher as altitude is gained and it becomes less likely the enemy fighters will locate the PB4Y-2. However, side climbing will take up a lot of time and can end with the game ending before reaching the bombing point, or the team decimated.

;Diving

Shallow diving:

Diving is probably the most risky way of trying to bomb but it is the quickest if you do it right. Start by spawning in then dive at about -10 degrees. This will make sure you will not overspeed before reaching the bombing point. However enemy interceptors with air spawn can potentially catch you in a head on, which is an extremely dangerous situation.

Steep diving:

Upon spawning, dive at an angle of about -40 degrees. The PB4Y will gradually pick up speed to around 500 km/h. Once you reach 580 km/h, cut throttle to avoid over speeding. If you are close to the bomb base, turn into shallow diving or level out and prepare for the bombing. Once bombs are out, bank towards your airfield while keep diving, you should fly at no more than 100 m above the ground.

Diving will also remove the defensive blind spot on the belly when staying low, as it is less likely a fighter will intercept from below. If a fighter decides to come down and attack, they lose their altitude and so friendly fighters can pounce on them more easily. However, the last point of fighters coming down may end up attracting the whole enemy team, and dealing with a swarm of enemy fighters is no one's desired outcome. At a low altitude, ground elements like anti-aircraft could also have a better chance of hitting the plane.

During an encounter with enemy aircraft, if you have time to adjust your position, try putting the enemy plane at your 10 / 2 o'clock. This way you can utilise up to 8 M2 Brownings scattered across your fuselage (2 x dorsal turrets, beam turret & nose turret) against the enemy, at the price of presenting a huge silhouette to it. This is a very dangerous tactic, but sometimes it is worth a try.

Overall, this usage is more risky than maintaining altitude and bombing, but it could be rewarding if pulled off successfully.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* [[Do 335 (Family)|Do 335]]: this interceptor posts a huge threat to the PB4Y due to its destructive firepower. An experienced Do 335 player might open fire from a far distance of 2.5 km away, at this range its MK108/MK103 shells still have adequate accuracy and damage to cripple the PB4Y, while the PB4Y's M2 Brownings can barely do any damage. The PB4Y's tail is also prone to being blown off by a few HE cannon shells.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great defensive armament
* Good payload, can carry small, medium, or large bombs
* Almost full coverage from the turrets
* Most vital parts such as gunners and cooling systems are protected by armour plates which can resist shrapnel/small calibre bullets
* Impressive rear, sideways, and top turret coverage makes it a very tough target in simulator
* Has two pilots who are protected by multiple layers of armour behind, meaning it is hard to pilot snipe it from behind
* Tricycle landing gear allows continuous breaking until full stop, without having to worry about flipping over
* Critical parts such as gunners/cooling systems are quite spread out, which helps to soak up damage

'''Cons:'''

* Inadequate stock payload options
* Poor climb rate
* Extremely slow, especially when stock
* Tail can break off when landing and can be easily shot off
* Low dive limit and turn limit
* No gun coverage under the fuselage

== History ==

Amid the ongoing Sino-Japanese War (抗日戰爭), USAAF had deployed dozens of B-24D in Chinese soil for strategic bombing operations against Japanese-occupied areas. Later in 1943, ROCAF got their hands on a few of those B-24Ds from 14th Air Force; although this would have to delay until 1944 where ROCAF finally has enough crew for the bombers, but this time B-24Ms.

These 37 B-24Ms then became part of the lend-lease program and strategic forces of ROCAF. During the upcoming Civil War in late 1940s and retreat of the Nationalist Forces to Taiwan, B-24s was the centerpiece of any bombing operation against PLA and the later Socialist China; due to the lack of replacement aircrafts from USAF and severe losses in Mainland China, these were soon phrased out by PB4Y-2s.

The arrival of PB4Y-2s were nowhere enough for any counter-attack operations to Mainland China with fleets of the latest jets and usually used for recon operations, including 34th "Black Bat" Squadron ''黑蝙蝠中隊'' ; while the Black Bats didn't lost any of them before changing for newer RB-57 and P-2V, there were records of shot downs over Mainland China from other squadrons (No. 012, during bombing operations; all crews KIA)<ref>http://www.mnd.gov.tw/NewUpload/201406/13-19.pdf</ref> and one was lost to Burmese Air Force in 1961 as it was carrying supplies to the Northern Burma Guerilla (緬北孤軍) of the Nationalist forces near Chinese borders.

PB4Y-2 ended its frontline services in 1960 while some might have been transferred into transports, but very few records can prove so.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=pb4y-2_china Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/365067-consolidated-pb4y-2-privateer/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Consolidated}}
{{China bombers}}
<references />

J8A

2024-05-19T21:11:27Z

U132528921: /* Flight performance */

{{About
| about = Swedish fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the premium version
| link = Iacobi's J8A
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=gladiator_j8a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_gladiator_j8a.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The J8A was the service name adopted by Sweden for their Gloster [[Gladiator Mk II]] acquired from Great Britain. The first Gloster Gladiator was delivered to the Swedish Air Force on April 15th 1937 and locally designated as the 'Jaktplan 8' (J8). While the first few Swedish Gladiators were fitted with the Fairey three-bladed propeller, the decision was taken to switch back to the earlier fixed-pitch two-bladed wooden propeller. The new J8s would serve in a new Fighter Wing that was intended to provide an aerial defence to the Stockholm region and would consist of three squadrons operating the J8. The new Fighter Wing was created alongside 4 Bomber Wing due to the rising of tensions in Europe. The J8s saw combat in Finland as part of military aid, while the rest were transferred to training units until their eventual retirement in 1947.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.93 "Shark Attack"]] but was unavailable to be played in any game mode, however, it could be flown in test-flight and with the mission editor against NPC aircraft. The aircraft was fully implemented in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]]. The J8A is quite average in terms of agility, and its roll rate is quite poor. However, its best asset is the high top speed of 400 km/h, one of the highest among biplanes, although it will still struggle against next-generation monoplanes like the [[I-16 (Family)|I-16]] and [[Flegel's Bf 109 A|Bf 109 A]]. Of course, against these aircraft, it will still have a turning advantage. It has access to four 8 mm MGs, which is a very standard armament for Rank I fighters, but they are very user friendly thanks to their large ammo pool and high rate of fire.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

[[File:J8a_an_trn_26_001.png|450px|thumb|right|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' on the tail of a [[Flegel%27s_Bf_109_A|Bf 109 A-1]].]]
The {{PAGENAME}} is an average biplane in terms of manoeuvrability, however, it is very stiff to the controls when attempting to roll the aircraft. Though an excellent flyer at lower altitudes and at lower speeds, keeping its speed up will increase its effectiveness when engaging in turn battles with other aircraft. The Bristol Mercury-IX engine allows this aircraft to reach top speeds of over 400 km/h (~250 mph) and can be a contender with other biplanes, however it will start to struggle against early monoplanes such as the Heinkel [[He 112 (Family)|He 112]], Messerschmitt [[Flegel's Bf 109 A|Bf 109A]], Polykarpov [[I-16 (Family)|I-16]] and the Brewster [[F2A-1|F2A]] fighters. Though not as fast nor does it have the armament these do, it does have a turning advantage they do not and can sometimes make a quick turn around or tail-chase a faster fighter long enough to put guns on target and eliminate an enemy.

The {{PAGENAME}} has a very low stall speed and with the throttle reduced to around 55%, this fighter can maintain level flight at a speed of about 80 km/h (50 mph) without nosing over. The vertical stabilizer is rather large for an aircraft of this type which lends itself to being an excellent aircraft for performing wing-over and hammerhead manoeuvres, especially when luring newer and unsuspecting enemy pilots into a rope-a-dope manoeuvre allowing for the {{PAGENAME}} to immediately change direction and pursue the tailing enemy fighter which may have themselves stalled out and set themselves up to be the perfect target for an inbound {{PAGENAME}}.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,420 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 402 || 387 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 16.7 || 17.4 || 13.4 || 13.4 || rowspan="2" | 232
|-
! Upgraded
| 429 || 414 || 15.3 || 16.0 || 18.2 || 15.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 469 || 320 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 240 || < 200 || < 330 || > 190
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,115 m || 810 hp || 826 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


Like many aircraft just prior to the break out of World War II, the {{PAGENAME}} was not outfitted with any armour plating. The {{PAGENAME}} relied on its engine to get the aircraft where it needed to go and helped the aircraft get into a position where the guns should shoot down an enemy, any attempts to install armour plating would have only slowed down the already relatively slow biplane which would not have been worth the trade-off.

To maintain the centre of balance for this fighter, the pilot, fuel tank and engine take up the fuselage from the middle to the front, any attacks on this aircraft in this zone risk hitting a critical component, ending the {{PAGENAME}}'s fight in the battle earlier than expected. Though a closed cockpit may offer the pilot protection from glancing shots, it will not do much for head-on or side attacks.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
[[File:J8a_an_trn_26_003.png|450px|thumb|right|A flight of {{PAGENAME}}s]]
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Ksp m/22 (8 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 8 mm Ksp m/22 machine guns, side-mounted (600 rpg = 1,200 total)
* 2 x 8 mm Ksp m/22 machine guns, wing-mounted (400 rpg = 800 total)

The Swedish Air Forces decided to not outfit their {{PAGENAME}} fighters with the standard .303 machine guns the British typically used, instead they opted to install four 8 mm Ksp m/22 machine guns, two mounted on each side of the pilot within arm's reach and the other two were mounted one under each side of the lower wing. It is important for pilots of this aircraft to determine at what distance they typically engage enemy aircraft at as convergence of the machine guns is a necessity to manage to effectively put as many bullets as possible into the enemy fighter. Typically in biplanes, a closer convergence setting of 100 to 250 m is best for close-in fighting, typically as one gets farther out from there, bullets lose some of their punch.

Many ace pilots from all sides of the war stated that when the enemy filled the windscreen, there was no way you could not hit, thereby guaranteeing a hit and conserving ammunition. The {{PAGENAME}} does not have the machine-gun speed of those found on some Soviet biplanes as it is necessary to synchronize the firing of the guns in the fuselage to fire through the propeller arc. With 2,000 rounds of ammunition distributed between all four machine guns, it is recommended to fire in short bursts, mainly to prevent overheating and jamming of the machine guns. Typically you can continuously fire about 750 rounds of ammunition before the guns jam up and require a cool down before they can be used again.

When possible, change out the default ammunition belts for either tracer belts which are very effective against other biplanes, especially those which have fabric coverings and non-self sealing fuel tanks as tracer rounds have a good chance of setting planes on fire which can rarely put the flames out. Air belts are another good choice due to the explosive filler in the round which helps to damage or disable aircraft faster than regular bullets. For those pilots who like to sneak into a fight and catch enemy aircraft unaware, stealth belts are the way to go as there are no tracer rounds to give away your position. The enemy pilots tend to realize where the stealth bullets are coming from only too late as their aircraft is coming apart and falling to the ground.

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:J8a_an_trn_26_002.png|450px|thumb|right|Scratch one more Bf 109.]]
On early maps which tend to favour biplanes and some early monoplanes, the {{PAGENAME}} pilot has the option to decide which type of target they will go after and arm up the ammunition to do so. The {{PAGENAME}} is a multirole aircraft which can pursue either air-to-air combat, ground attack or both. The {{PAGENAME}} is a very effective turn fighter and can hold its own against many early biplanes, but due to its speed, it has the option to turn fight or attempt early Boom & Zoom runs. If flying at an altitude above the enemy aircraft, the {{PAGENAME}} can selectively choose targets, swoop down on them and either zoom back up to altitude or zoom away out of range of slower aircraft before turning around.

One of the advantages of this aircraft's low-speed capabilities is its very low stall speed, which lends itself to be handy when strafing ground targets. Lightly armoured targets such as anti-aircraft artillery, light trucks and some light tanks can be in reach with the {{PAGENAME}}. When swooping in at a lower speed and attacking ground targets, after a pass, fly up in a shallow climb and perform a wing-over to immediately face the direction you just came in and begin to target up enemy vehicles and repeat. Fortified pill-boxes, medium and heavy tanks should be avoided as they will be relatively impervious to the 8 mm machine gunfire.

J8A fighters work great in teams of two or three. Fighters can rotate being "bait" for enemy aircraft, attempting to take an enemy for a tail and while the enemy if focusing on their target, one or both of your teammates then zip in and take out the enemy target and if you happen to catch them when they are close to stall speed, the easier it will be to eliminate them from the match.

'''Simulator Battles'''

In Simulator battles, like the similar Gladiator, the J8A is excellent in turning tightly and continuously, and it has lovely low-speed handling and low stall speeds, making it a great starter plane for Sim. However it does have its drawbacks: the rather big nose blocks the visibility a lot, offering very poor over-the-nose visibility which is a disadvantage in a turn fight, because when leading a shot the enemy will always get obstructed by the engine, making the player guess the shot. Also its upper wings and various frames and strings between the wings will get in the way when you look aside. Note: it is recommended to set the convergence within 300 m, because the majority of turnfights happen at that range or closer.

Before engaging a fight, it is better to have an altitude advantage first. When approaching the fight try to figure out which is your teammate and which is the enemy, to avoid going for a second pass, as the energy retention of the J8A is rather slow. Also pick your target carefully. For easier aiming, you want to go for those unmanoeuvrable twin engine aircraft like [[Ju 88 (Family)|Ju 88]] or [[Ki-45 (Family)|Ki-45]], or bombers if there are any. Given the bad forward visibility of the J8A, these are the best options for Simulator beginners as they are quite slow and sluggish, and are a bigger target to hit. However getting hits on them doesn't mean good damage, so you must be patient. When dealing with fighters, it will be way harder to aim. The elevator control of the J8A is quite sensitive, giving it good manoeuvrability, but at the same time, bad handling. The J8A will respond in a very fast turn upon moving your stick/mouse by a little bit, which makes tracking nimble planes quite hard as it always over-pitch. But once you get used to it, try to lure every enemy into a turnfight, as that is where the J8A shines. If you find an enemy at your six, utilise your great turning ability and simply do tight turns, most monoplanes won't be able to cut inside your turn and they might disengage. However with biplanes you will need some defensive manoeuvres like barrel rolls.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

[[Ki-27 otsu]], [[N1K1]], [[He 51 (Family)|He 51]], [[Gladiator (Family)|Gladiator]], etc. - Those commonly seen planes are equally good at turnfights and will be a hard target to down since they are very small and agile. To deal with them you need to practice leading and deflection shots, plus manoeuvres like barrel rolls and scissors. They might survive a few bullets from the 8 mm MGs, so these kind of targets are quite hard to kill and requires great skills from the J8A pilot, especially in simulator.

[[Do 17 Z-2]] - In Simulator battles, this early twin engine plane always shows up as an AI controlled recon aircraft that you have to down, which is a good news as AI won't manoeuvre aggressively. However this plane is extremely durable for the J8A's MGs. When it shows up as an AI, deflection shots are not recommended as the small shooting windows really do nothing. Instead, try disabling its 2 gunners first, then just sit behind it and burst on its wings and engines. When attacking the gunners try to not get your engine damaged by pulling evasive manoeuvres as soon as the bullets come close. The Do 17 might outrun the J8A in a level flight if your engine is damaged.

[[He 100 D-1]], [[Bf 109 E-1]], [[He 112 (Family)|He 112]] - These early monoplanes might not be able to out-turn the J8A but they can easily outrun it as the J8A is rather slow. These fighters will usually BnZ you, so you must constantly look above and behind you. If they are diving on you, use your roll rate and dodge under their negative G areas. Most players will try to follow up, if not immediately losing track of you. Several dodges might make them impatient and give up BnZ, and if they really start to turnfight with you, they are pretty much dead.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Can go up to 418 km/h
* Its four 8 mm machine guns can quickly shred other low rank planes
* Ground belt for machine guns can easily penetrate the roofs of player tanks it typically sees
* 2,000 rounds of ammunition total, can fire continuously about 750 rounds before guns jam
* Very high max altitude for its rank
* Fixed-pitch propeller reduces the need for manual engine control tweaking
* Fantastic rudder control for stall manoeuvres
* Very low stall speed

'''Cons:'''

* Climb rate is slower than most other planes that rival it
* Poor roll rate
* Higher than average required takeoff length for biplanes
* Bleeds a lot of speed in turns
* No armour protection
* During Simulator battles, much of the front view is obscured by the upper wing and canopy framing
* No option for bombs or rockets, strict aerial or ground attack with 8 mm machine guns only

== History ==


In 1936, a new defence resolution was made by the Swedish defence ministry to organise one new fighter wing and four new bomber wings in light of rising tensions in Europe. The new fighter wing was intended to provide an aerial defence to the Stockholm region and would consist of three squadrons. After a selection process, the Gloster Gladiator was found to be the aircraft most suited to requirements, and an order was made for 55 aircraft, which were to be locally fitted with engines and armament.

The first Gloster Gladiator was delivered to the Swedish Air Force on April 15th 1937 and locally designated as the 'Jaktplan 8' (J8). While the first few Swedish Gladiators were fitted with the Fairey three-bladed propeller, the decision was taken to switch back to the earlier fixed-pitch two-bladed wooden propeller. The first 37 aircraft were built to Gladiator Mk.I standard with a 645 hp NOHAB-built Bristol Mercury VIS2; the last batch of 18 aircraft were built to Gladiator Mk.II standard with an 840 hp NOHAB-built Bristol Mercury VIII. The former batch thus became known as the J8, while the latter batch was known as the J8A. Both types were armed with the Ksp m/36, which was a license-built version of the Browning M1917 chambered for 8x63mm ammunition. Deliveries of the Swedish Gloster Gladiator concluded on July 16th 1939, but two aircraft were already lost in service before deliveries were finalised. The Gladiators were initially allocated to F1 Västmanland in 1937 before a new wing was formed. This wing, F8, was transferred to Barkarby, north of Stockholm, in October of 1938, becoming F8 Barkarby.

Initial impressions of the Gloster Gladiator were mixed: the type was brand-new (having first flown in 1934 and having entered RAF service in February of 1937), but already conceptually outdated in comparison with types such as the German Bf 109, British Hawker Hurricane and the American P-35. As a result, more modern types were urgently sourced.

International events led to the Swedish J8 to have their ''combat debut'' in 1939 - albeit not under Swedish colours. Following the invasion of Finland by the Soviet Union on November 30th 1939, numerous countries offered military support to Finland, including neighbouring Sweden which went as far to form a volunteer squadron - ''Flygflottilj 19'' - which would enter combat under Finnish colours. The F19 Wing consisted of 12 J8A Gloster Gladiators capable of carrying 8 light bombs and 4 B4 Hawker Harts light bombers, supported by a Junkers F13, a Raab-Katzenstein RB-26 and a Waco ZQC-6 liaison aircraft, and was manned entirely by Swedish volunteers. After intense negotiations and preparations during December 1939 and early January 1940, the F19 Wing entered combat on January 12th 1940 with a raid on Soviet troop concentrations and air bases near Märkäjärvi, Salmijärvi and Salla. While the Hawker Hart bombers fared rather badly against enemy opposition (2 collided and 1 was shot down on this first raid, with 1 crew member killed, 2 taken PoW and 3 managing to ski back to their bases), the Gloster Gladiators went on to do rather better during their deployment. Over the course of two months, Swedish pilots claimed 10 kills; other than the 3 Harts lost on the first raid, the unit lost 3 Gladiators of which 2 were lost in accidents (one in a landing accident, pilot unhurt, and one due to structural failure, pilot killed), and 1 was shot down by Soviet airmen on January 23rd 1940 (pilot KIA). Following the cease-fire of March 13th 1940, the F19 Wing returned to Sweden and was disbanded.

In 1940, F8 Barkarby was re-equipped with the J9 (Seversky EP-1), with the J8s transferred to the F9 Säve wing which was tasked with protecting Gothenborg. The J8's stint with F9 was short, being replaced by the J11 (Fiat CR.42), after which they were used to equip the F10 Ängelholm Wing tasked with protecting Malmö. When the F10 Wing, in turn, was re-equipped with the J20 (Reggiane Re.2000), the J8's role as a frontline fighter in Swedish Air Force service was considered over, and the aircraft were distributed among other wings as advanced trainers, reserves and base hacks. During the latter part of their career in the Swedish Air Force, J8s were used piecemeal by the F8, F9, F10, F13, F16 and F20 wings. About 20 aircraft remained in service at the end of the Second World War, at which point they were progressively withdrawn from service as they were considered as being at the end of their service life. The last three Swedish J8 Gladiators were withdrawn from service on February 10th 1947.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=gladiator_j8a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Other variants in-game

* [[Gladiator (Family)]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Grumman [[F3F-2|F3F]]
* Polikarpov [[I-15 (Family)|I-15]]
* Polikarpov [[I-153 M-62|I-153]]
* Fiat [[CR.32]]
* Fiat [[CR.42]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.ru/index.php?/topic/197035-gloster-gladiator-mk-ii-iis-iif-taka/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance (Russian Forum)]
* [[Wikipedia:Gloster_Gladiator|[Wikipedia] Gloster Gladiator]]
* [https://www.ipmsstockholm.org/magazine/1999/05/stuff_eng_detail_gladiator.htm [IPMS Stockholm<nowiki>]</nowiki> Gloster Gladiator in Detail - Gladiators in Sweden]
* [http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/gladiator_sweden.htm [Håkans aviation page<nowiki>]</nowiki> J8 Gloster Gladiator in the Swedish Air Force]
* [http://users.kymp.net/mode0522/planes/gladiator.html [Jari Juvonen's page<nowiki>]</nowiki> Gloster Gladiator Mk II ( J8A )]

{{AirManufacturer Gloster}}
{{Sweden fighters}}