War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

User talk:U132382093

2023-05-30T22:59:18Z

U132382093: /* Usage Of US / UK English */

= Usage Of US / UK English =
Hi heyimastopsign,

Thank you for your interest in editing on the WT Wiki, but for standardization/consistency's sake could you keep edits to UK English?

Thanks in advance!

Greetings,
--[[User:U17577377|Shimakaze]] ([[User talk:U17577377|talk]]) 02:36, 27 May 2023 (UTC)

Thanks Shimakaze

I apologise, as I am Australian which can result in a bit of a mix between British and American English. I'll make sure to read over all edits in future

AMX-50 (TOA100)

2023-05-23T23:25:40Z

U132382093: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = French medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = AMX-50 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_amx_50
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.75 "La Résistance"]]. It features the same armament and turret as the [[Lorraine 40t]] on a more robust chassis, similar to that of the [[AMX M4]], in sum, it is a fusion of the former's firepower and the latter's mobility and protection. It is the logical next step to the French rank IV medium tech tree.

The lower part resembles that of a [[Panther D|Panther]]'s hull with its overlapping metal road wheels, its two large fans over the engine deck, its sloped front and back armour and its high profile. There are a few things that distinguishes it from its predecessor: there is not longer a "flat" portion between the LFP and UFP and the two fan casings have been removed. As for the turret, it is quite a classical post-war French design: an oscillating turret fitted with an autoloader mechanism, a long gun and turret bulge and a thick turret ring.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret roof, cupola roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (turret, cupola)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 80 mm (55°) ''Front glacis'' 35 mm (61°) ''Lower glacis'' 60 mm (39°) ''Front cheeks'' || 40 mm (24°) ''Top'' 40 mm ''Bottom'' || 40 mm (0-30°) 30 mm (30°) ''Transmission hatch'' || 20 mm
|-
| Turret || 45 mm (39-56°) ''Turret front'' 30 mm (9-26°) ''Turret base'' 50 mm (7-82°) ''Barrel shroud'' || 30 mm (0-55°) ''Turret'' 30 mm (0-25°) ''Turret base'' || 30 mm (0-30°) ''Turret bustle'' 30 mm (6-22°) ''Pivot ball'' 20 mm (69-90°) ''Turret underside'' || 20 mm
|-
| Cupola || 30 mm (45°) || colspan="2" style="text-align:center" | 30 mm (conical) || 20 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick. Suspension wheels are interleaved and thus overlap in some areas.
* Add-on tracks hang on the hull sides in the crew compartment area.
* Hull undersides above tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 20 mm thick.
* There is a 20 mm plate separating the crew compartment from the engine bay at the top of the hull.
* There is a 5 mm plate separating the crew compartment from the engine bay at the bottom of the hull.
* Overlapping wheels provide extra 20 mm to the hull's lower side.

The {{PAGENAME}}'s hull is very similar to that of the famous German medium tank, even in armour values. It is only slightly weak from the side, making angling quite ineffective. This armour should be able to deflect incoming shots from the weaker tanks it may encounter at its BR spread, notably the famous Soviet [[D-5T (85 mm)|85 mm D-5T]]. With its good slope, it can easily deflect APCR shots. The only negative point is the turret: it is very weak to incoming shots: with only 45 mm sloped at 52°, it is weaker than a [[T-34-85 (D-5T)]]'s hull. The turret armour is a noticeable downgrade from the [[AMX M4]], so you will need to be more careful about taking hits. The only way to avoid being taken down too easily is to increase distance between the AMX-50 position and the enemy. Don't worry about that: the 100 mm gun is suited for that purpose.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,550|rbMinHp=884}}

While not the fastest tank, the {{PAGENAME}} certainly is capable of many feats of agility. This tank may be the slowest French rank IV tank, which is not a bad thing considering French tank's general dynamic gameplay at this BR. "Don't put the tank in nasty front-line situations" is the best advice to follow with this tank. As it is, this 800+ HP engine should be able to carry the tank to any location in good time.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|SA47 L/58 (100 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[SA47 L/58 (100 mm)|100 mm SA47 L/58]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 28.6 || 39.5 || 48.0 || 53.1 || 56.5 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 17.9 || 21.0 || 25.5 || 28.2 || 30.0
|-
|}

The SA47 L/58 is a very potent gun for a rank IV tank: it performs in a similar way to the Soviet [[D-10T (100 mm)|100 mm D-10T]] equipped on the [[T-54/55 (Family)]] series. While not having any HE filler in their AP rounds, the French engineers somehow managed to optimize armour spalling on penetrating shots and muzzle velocity, making these shells very good at long-range engagements. This gun is also mounted with an autoloader, which provides it with a solid 4 seconds reload time. It has good gun depression and a fast turret traverse, which enables this tank to react quickly to flankers and take solid hulled-down position, its high gun placement minimizes the tank's silhouette behind hills.

==== Ammunition ====
{{:SA47 L/58 (100 mm)/Ammunition|100 mm Obus de rupture, 100 mm Obus explosif}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
|-
| '''50''' || 49 ''(+1)'' || 44 ''(+6)'' || 37 ''(+13)'' || 30 ''(+20)'' || 23 ''(+27)''
|-
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
!
|-
| 16 ''(+34)'' || 12 ''(+38)'' || 7 ''(+43)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || No
!
|-
|}
This tank features an auto-loading system that removes the need for a crew member to reload the main gun, although a loader is present to restock the autoloader. A large drum of seven rounds is found underneath the gun breech for rapid use. Once this drum is empty, rounds in the hull will need to be placed in the autoloader rack before it can be used by the autoloader, which takes about 14 seconds to perform for one round. Nine rounds are found in three racks near the bottom of the hull behind the driver and machine-gunner while the rest of the stowage is found in the side sponsons above the tracks, aside from a small rack of 5 rounds near the rear of the turret.

'''Notes''':

* Ammo rack 9 is the autoloader drum and takes priority in being filled at the beginning of the battle, then fills racks 8 through 1.
* If the autoloader drum is empty, the main gun cannot fire until ammo is loaded into the autoloader drum.
* Simply not firing when the main gun is loaded will load ammo from racks 1-8 into the ready rack, as long as there is ammo present in racks 1-8. Firing the main gun will interrupt the loading of the ready racks.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MAC 31 (7.5 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MAC 31 (7.5 mm)|7.5 mm MAC 31]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,800 (150) || 551 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

The small calibre of the MAC 31 machine gun makes it largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. It still can be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help or to mow down minor obstacles blocking your line of sight.

== Usage in battles ==

This medium tank performs good in its role, being versatile enough to take many battlefield roles: flanker, sniper and ambusher. The only thing it is insufficient at is absorbing damaging shots: there are too many weak spots on this tank to take anything bigger than HMG to the front. Don't stay too close to the front line since the reverse speed will not allow the tank to escape sufficiently fast and flanking manoeuvres will make the weak sides vulnerable.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Impressive top speed, allowing for rapid movement across the battlefield
* Highly maneuverable, enabling quick and agile responses to changing situations
* Wide tracks provide excellent mobility on various types of terrain, maintaining good speed
* Equipped with a crew of 5 members, enhancing operational efficiency and allowing more hits to be taken
* Powerful 100 mm main gun with an autoloader, delivering high penetration capabilities and relatively fast reload
* Stock APCBC shells offer exceptional conical spread, ensuring deadly frontal hits
* Fast turret rotation speed, enabling swift target acquisition and engagement
* Sloped frontal armor has the potential to ricochet lower rank guns and APCR rounds
* Higher muzzle velocity than the Soviet[[D-10T (100 mm)|100 mm D-10T]] gun, easier to aim at range
* Well-suited for flanking maneuvers, offering tactical advantages

'''Cons:'''

* Armor is insufficient to protect against higher rank guns in the 4/5 range
* Weak lower front plate (LFP), vulnerable to enemy fire
* Turret shares the same lightly-armored design as the [[Lorraine 40t]], posing a potential vulnerability
* Large, [[Panther D|Panther]]-like hull, making it challenging to conceal and minimize exposure
* Limited shell choices, lacking APHE, HEAT, APDS, or APFSDS rounds
* Shells lack explosive filler, resulting in rare one-hit knockouts from the side
* Lower penetration compared to the Soviet 100 mm APCBC rounds, with reduced post-penetration damage
* Gun elevation speed is slow due to oscillating turret design
* Incapacitated loader hampers the tank's ability to utilize its coaxial MG

== History ==


===Design===
In the late 1940s, the French Army was looking to replace the medium tanks Panther and ARL 44 that were becoming obsolete with a new 50t medium tank. The new tank was to be the future spearhead of French armoured divisions. The French company AMX started working on a proposal which was essentially an improved Tiger II on the drawing board. The project evolved and later resulted in the AMX-50 tank. The AMX-50 present in the game is the second prototype of the project.

===Development===
In order to save weight from the Tiger II's initial weight of 70 tons, the first AMX proposal was an underarmoured version of the Tiger II with only 30 mm armour plates. The French Army quickly indicated that such a thickness was too weak for the intended purpose. The armour of the hull was increased to 80 mm frontally and 40 mm for the sides and the weight-saving measures were then applied to other components. The original turret was changed for an oscillating turret whose design was already available and the suspension wheels were redesigned to get rid of the interleaving wheels. The new version was approved and a first prototype dubbed M4 was produced at the end of 1949 with a 90 mm SA 45 gun and a weight slightly above 50 tons. The second prototype called AMX-50/100 was produced 1 year later with the 100 mm SA 47 L/50 gun, a slightly modified turret and a weight close to 55 tons. After testing in 1952 and 1953, the French Army reclassified the AMX-50 as heavy tank as it could not reach more than 50 km/h on roads and 20 km/h off-road due to an insufficient output of the powerplant. The tank had a ratio of 15 hp/ton against the 20 expected. The availability of the more modern M47 medium tank through NATO cooperation made the need for the AMX-50 obsolete. Following its reclassification, there were several attempts to transform the AMX-50 in a real heavy tank like the AMX-50 Surbaissé or the AMX-50 Surblindé. But the need for heavy tanks would gradually disappear with the appearance of shaped charges (HEAT projectiles and missiles).

===Combat usage===
The AMX-50 never saw either service or combat action with the French Army.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fr_amx_50 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|PosWOnOGkSo|'''Best experimental vehicles''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 0:38 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|4hSjkacg4CQ|'''The Shooting Range #98''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:24 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[AMX-50 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:AMX-50|[Wikipedia] AMX-50]]
* [https://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/France/AMX-50.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> AMX-50]

{{TankManufacturer AMX}}
{{France medium tanks}}

KV-2 (ZiS-6)

2023-05-23T23:11:09Z

U132382093: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
|about= gift Soviet heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage= other versions
|link= KV-2 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_kv_2_zis_6
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.59 "Flaming Arrows"]] as a [[wt:en/news/3698-development-new-additions-to-the-kv-2-series-en|premium pack]] but was removed from the store at the end of the [[wt:en/news/5865-special-big-war-thunder-birthday-sale-en|2018 6th Anniversary]] sale. It was available from the store for a short time during the [[wt:en/news/6488-shop-black-friday-sale-en|2019 "Black Friday"]]. It was also made available for purchase in-game with Golden Eagles ({{GE}}) during the [[wt:en/news/6368-special-tankers-day-celebrate-with-us-en|2019 "Tankers' Day"]], [[wt:en/news/7054-event-defender-of-the-fatherland-en|2021 "Defender of the Fatherland"]], and the [[wt:ru/news/15896-akciya-s-dnyom-tankista-ru|2022 "Tankers' Day"]] mini-events.

This tank is a spiritual successor of the original KV-2 in combat operations. Despite its high crew count of 6, the rate of fire is relatively slow; it is however faster than the howitzer-equipped KV-2s, with a higher velocity and flatter trajectory. It does share the same unfortunately slow turret traverse, reverse, acceleration, and heavy weight.

Operational and visual characteristics of the KV-2 (ZiS-6) retain the visual and operational similarities to the KV-2 which it is upgraded from. Players experienced in operating previous models of the KV-2 or Soviet SPGs should have little to no difficulty in adjusting to this vehicle. The ZiS-6 can be distinguished from its KV and KV-2 predecessors by its enlarged and tall rectangular turret and longer barrel. A quick glance at this vehicle may be mistaken for similar looking tanks such as the KV-2 in which shares the same turret shape.

The KV-2 (ZiS-6)'s closest and most popular competitor of the same battle-rating is the [[KV-85]]. The KV-85 when compared, is free to unlock with currency spending, is lighter in weight, more manoeuvrable, faster in fire rate and turret traverse at the expense of fewer crew members. What the ZiS-6 lacks in these qualities may be compensated by its firepower comparable to a "mini-[[IS-2]]" as well as the added Premium talisman RP and SL increase bonus of which the KV-85 will lack on the get-go. These detail and information should be considered by the interested user when deciding whether to purchase this tank and incorporating it into their existing arsenal, or when taking into battle. The KV-2 (ZiS-6) will reward those who are patient, and is a boon to those seeking increased premium firepower unmatched by any other USSR vehicle at its rank.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

Despite its significantly powerful armament, the KV-2 (ZiS-6) is plagued by many of the same weaknesses as all of the the KV lineage. At its battle rating, the tank's armour will be of little protection against other hostile vehicles it will face. With just 75 mm armour all around and including the largely flat and exposed turret, almost all tanks the ZiS-6 will face - a significant number of which have double the penetration value of the thickness of the KV's armour - will penetrate with little to no difficulty. This will more than likely cripple the crew to the point the rate of fire is reduced to virtually a standstill. Besides, tightly packed ammunition both within and at the base of the turret will turn the entire vehicle into an erupting volcano upon ammo rack detonation.

The armour protection of the KV-2 (ZiS-6) is really not great at its BR. The hull front and sides largely consist of 75 mm thick armour plates, which allow the player to angle the hull and increase its effective thickness to ~90-110 mm. However this is still penetrable by common opponents, such as [[Tiger H1]], [[M4A2 (76) W]], [[Chi-Nu (Family)|Chi-Nu]], etc. The biggest and most noticeable weakspot of this KV-2 is of course the huge and flat turret. Protected by 75 mm unsloped armour all round, the turret usually fails to resist incoming shells regardless of whether the player angles it or not. While the original KV-2 has a large bulge on the gun mantlet that can bounce/absorb shells, the KV-2 (ZiS-6) does not. The huge gun mantlet only has the gun barrel sticking out, making it even easier to penetrate. The only advantage brought by this all-round protection is probably that the KV-2 is immune to almost all SPAA (eg. [[Wirbelwind]], [[M19]]) or, when angling, low tier tanks. Opponents who deliberately bring low tier tanks (eg. [[M22]], [[Ho-Ro]]) into this BR will have a hard time trying to penetrate a KV-2 (ZiS-6). The roof armour is between 30-35 mm which can effectively block .50 cal AP bullets, commonly used by Allied planes like P-47D and P-51. However, some aircraft have the ability to penetrate this 30 mm of armour even from far away, for example the Do 335 B-2 whose MK 103 penetrate ~60 mm at ~600 m.

Thanks to the spacious interior and an abundance of crew (6), the KV-2 (ZiS-6) can usually survive a few penetrations in the turret or even in the hull. However as soon as spare crews run out, the KV-2 will once again be very vulnerable.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope Angle°) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 75 mm (31°) ''Front plate'' 70 mm (71°) ''Front glacis'' 75 mm (25-74°) ''Lower glacis'' 45 mm (1-50°) ''Machine gun port'' || 75 mm || 60 mm (3-86°) ''Top'' 70 mm (11-58°) ''Bottom'' || 35 mm ''Front'' 30 mm ''Rear'' 35 mm ''Hatches''
|-
| Turret || 75 mm (1°) ''Front turret'' 70 + 70 mm (1-62°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 75 mm || 75 mm (1°) 45 mm (1-50°) ''Machine gun port'' || 30 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick, torsion bars are 20 mm thick, and tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Front belly armour is 35 mm thick, rear belly armour is 30 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 775|rbMinHp= 531}}

As a KV-2 heavy tank, the {{PAGENAME}} has a slow top speed and HP ratio. However, the acceleration on the {{PAGENAME}} is pretty good: the top speed is reached within seconds on flat terrain, even off-road. Its slow speed won't let you reach the frontline quickly but its good cannon combined with its tall profile and average armour rather call for a playstyle at a good distance from the enemy. The reverse speed is average: it won't let you retreat quickly but isn't a handicap either. The lack of neutral steering makes turning on the spot slow (2 km/h): make sure to build a little speed before turning to increase it (4 km/h). The tracks are quite large and grant you a decent mobility on hard (solid ground, roads) and soft terrain (mud, snow, sand). The {{PAGENAME}} reaches 16 km/h when fording, it struggles at a meagre 4 km/h when climbing uphill from idling and 12 km/h uphill with some speed built-up. Due to its weight, the tank's mobility is unhindered by obstacles. The {{PAGENAME}} also brakes quickly and without skidding although it is a heavy tank.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|ZIS-6 (107 mm)}}
The KV-2 (ZiS-6) is a heavy artillery tank. It is an experimental up-gunned variant of the [[KV-1 (Family)|KV-1]] and [[KV-2 (Family)|KV-2]] models. It was built with an emphasis of destroying fortifications, bunkers, and enemy armoured vehicles, and featured the new 107 mm ZiS-6 cannon. While this vehicle has the same armour as the KV-1 and KV-2, this vehicle is notable for having a more powerful cannon; although smaller in calibre to the other KV-2 variants, the ZiS-6 has much higher armour penetration values. This tank will obliterate all enemy vehicles upon penetration with the exception of some lightly-armoured vehicles on which the contact fuse may fail to detonate.

The 107 mm ZiS-6 cannon, like many Soviet high-calibre cannons, has a few great strengths and some glaring weaknesses. In terms of ballistics, a close comparison in penetration would be the [[KwK36 (88 mm)|88 mm KwK36 cannon]] found on the [[Tiger I (Family)|Tiger I]], but the ZiS-6 has considerably more HE filler. The gun is fairly accurate out to one kilometre, but does suffer an occasional flyer.

As with most large-bore Soviet cannons, the biggest weakness is the long reload - almost 22 seconds with an untrained crew, and not much faster than 17 seconds with an Aced crew. The turret that the ZiS-6 is housed in offers no advantageous features - it is still in essence the same slow-traversing KV-2 turret found on the 152 mm models found at a lower BR. This means that the armour leaves much to be desired at the BR, and that the limited vertical guidance (particularly depression) will leave the ZiS-6 compromised in hilly terrain.

Due to the turret's slow traverse, limited vertical guidance, and the gun's very long reload, the KV-2 ZiS-6 is best used from longer ranges where it can utilize hard cover.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ZIS-6 (107 mm)|107 mm ZIS-6]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 36 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+12° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 4.9 || 6.7 || 8.2 || 9.0 || 9.6 || rowspan="2" | 21.71 || rowspan="2" | 19.21 || rowspan="2" | 17.70 || rowspan="2" | 16.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 3.6 || 4.2 || 5.1 || 5.6 || 6.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The ammunition choice is limited but sufficient:

* '''B-420''': APHEBC - A capped armour-piercing shell with a ballistic cap that has relatively high penetration power and explosive filler. It will destroy any armoured target it penetrates.
* '''OF-420''': HE; useful for destroying open and lightly armoured vehicles.

{{:ZIS-6 (107 mm)/Ammunition|B-420, OF-420}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo part
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''36''' || ''Projectiles'' ''Propellants'' || 34 ''(+2)'' 33 ''(+3)'' || 31 ''(+5)'' 18 ''(+18)'' || 16 ''(+20)'' 12 ''(+24)'' || 12 ''(+24)'' 7 ''(+29)'' || 6 ''(+30)'' 4 ''(+32)'' || 1 ''(+35)'' 1 ''(+35)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* The {{PAGENAME}} uses two-piece ammunition, composed of projectiles (yellow) and propellant bags (orange). Both have separate racks.
* Projectiles and propellant charges are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Turret left side empty: 18 ''(+18)''

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|DT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm DT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,087 (63) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

At its rank and battle rating, the KV-2 (ZiS-6)'s armour is no longer up to par against newer and more powerful weapon systems of opposition vehicles it will face. Although unlike the [[IS-1]] successor of which is unable to protect itself by angling due to the rounded turret mount causing a vulnerability, the KV-2 has less of this issue as the entire front potion of the front and lower-plate is designed to be straight and rectangular and allowing it to deflect or ricochet some shots when angled optimally but the large turret is extreme exposed and vulnerable to head-on fire.

Due to its unsatisfactory manoeuvrability, rate of fire and traverse speed, close-quarters engagements against multiple enemies in small-spaced environments are highly discouraged unless absolutely necessary. The tank is too large and slow to escape or retreat from what would be overwhelming situations, and too large to hide. Should the need to enter tight alleyways and streets if towns or cities, escort either by or with other friendly units are of utmost importance and should best serve in a support capacity should more heavily armoured opponents are encountered. This tank excels best at long to medium range engagements on largely open areas. Due to its poor -5 degrees of gun depression - a trait inherited by all USSR armoured vehicles, engaging hostiles by cresting over the tops of hills are highly discouraged unless absolutely necessary. Should clusters of multiple hostile vehicles are encountered in combat, the optimal tactic is to wait for them to split up before engaging them one-by-one if the opportunity presents itself.

Lightly armoured vehicles where the contact fuse may not activate upon penetration such as the [[Waffentrager]] or [[Nashorn]] are of the most concern as the default B-420 APHE shell has the tendency of penetrating from the front to rear dealing less damage than what is expected. Follow up shots may be required. Although the HE OF-420 shell is an excellent solution, the 16 .7 to 21.51 seconds of shell swap may not warrant enough justification for use when few seconds are only available to determines survival.

Another class of vehicles of significant threat are fast-tanks such as the [[M18 GMC]] or [[T-34 (Family)|T-34]] tanks capable of running circles in ways the KV-2 (ZiS-6)'s slow turret traverse rate and poor manoeuvrability will be unable to cope in close-quarters engagements. The last type of vehicle of concern are low-chassis tanks such as the [[ASU-57]], [[ASU-85]], [[PT-76B]] and even some German tank-destroyers are so small to the point they safely drive up to the vicinity of KV-2 and be immune from retaliation due to the 107 mm gun situated on a high turret and only -5° degrees of elevation down and 15° up

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Exceptional firepower, capable of delivering devastating blows to enemy targets
* Significantly improved reload speed compared to earlier KV-2 models, enabling more frequent engagements
* High crew capacity with 6 members, facilitating long engagements even with several crew members eliminated
* Impressive velocity and power of munitions, ensuring superior penetration and damage potential along with more accurate shots due to lower drop
* Premium talisman status provides additional RP and SL bonuses, enhancing progression and earning potential

'''Cons:'''

* Reload time, although improved, still remains relatively long, necessitating careful planning and timing
* Insufficient armor protection, demanding cautious positioning and reliance on cover for survivability
* Limited gun depression of -5°, a common characteristic among USSR tanks, imposing constraints on firing positions
* Large profile, making the vehicle more susceptible to enemy detection and targeting
* Reduced maneuverability and slow speed, requiring strategic positioning and planning to compensate
* High weight, affecting acceleration and mobility in certain terrains
* Increased risk of internal ammunition explosions when hit by penetrating shells, necessitating exercised caution to minimize vulnerability

== History ==

In the late 1930s, the Soviet Directorate of Artillery, a part of the Soviet Ministry of Defense, issued a directive to design and build larger field artillery. By late 1937, going into 1938, proposals included both 95 mm calibre and 107 mm calibre. In the early 1940s, the Soviets had incorrectly received reports of up-armoured German tanks, leading them to question if their current 45 mm and 76 mm cannons were sufficient to combat the new German tanks. In response, the Soviets eventually drew up plans for the KV-4, to be armed with a ZiS-6 107 mm cannon. The 107 mm cannon passed factory tests in early 1941, and by mid 1941, had been mounted into the turret of a KV-2 for further testing and analysis. It was through this testing that the KV-2 with ZiS-6 cannon came into existence, as we see it in War Thunder.

Several hundred 107 mm ZiS-6 guns were created in anticipation of being fitted to the KV-4 and KV-5 heavy tanks. When the KV-4 was dropped in favour of the KV-5 (also to be armed with ZiS-6), and the KV-5 subsequently dropped due to the siege of Leningrad, all of the ZiS-6 guns were destroyed and scrapped, since the heavy tanks they were intended to be mounted in would never materialize.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_kv_2_zis_6 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|58HLHnOFjd0|'''{{PAGENAME}}- Railgun''' - ''Oxy''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/3698-development-new-additions-to-the-kv-2-series-en/|[Devblog] New additions to the KV-2 series]]

{{TankManufacturer Kirov}}
{{USSR heavy tanks}}
{{USSR premium ground vehicles}}

IAR 316B

2023-05-23T23:01:03Z

U132382093: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = French utility helicopter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = Alouette (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=iar_316b
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} French utility helicopter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced as a [[wt:en/news/6062-development-sa-316b-alouette-iii-the-high-flying-skylark-en|premium pack]] in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]] and was removed from the store after the [[wt:en/news/6464-shop-war-thunder-birthday-sale-en|2019 Birthday Sale]].

Aérospatiale licensed the Romanian aircraft manufacturer Industria Aeronautică Româniă to build the SA.316B as the IAR 316B. Manufacturing began in 1971 in Brasov, Romania, with production ending in 1987. These helicopters were built with the Turbomeca Artouste IIIB powerplant. 250 total units were manufactured, with 125 remaining for use in with the Romanian military. The rest of the manufactured helicopters were exported to other nations including Pakistan, Angola, and Guinea.

The cockpit of the helicopter is built for both a pilot and co-pilot to operate with excellent views through the spacious glass canopy. Two cabin doors open to the passenger compartment, which can accommodate up to three passengers.

The IAR 316B was modified to carry weapon systems more readily available in the Eastern-bloc section of Europe to include 57 mm rocket pods, 7.62 mm machine guns and other anti-tank missiles.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Heli-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - at sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 194 || 182 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}}
|-
! Upgraded
| 230 || 212
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Heli-Armour}}
''Examine the survivability of the helicopter. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Heli-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Offensive}}

{{main|PKA (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.62 mm PKA machine guns (500 rpg = 1,000 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Suspended}}

{{main|9M14-2 Malyutka-2|S-5K}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 6 x 9M14-2 Malyutka-2 missiles + 32 x S-5K rockets

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in a helicopter, the features of using the helicopter in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Abundant arsenal of rockets and missiles, offering exceptional air-to-ground firepower
* Effective machine guns capable of providing defense against enemy helicopters

'''Cons:'''

* Absence of armor, requiring caution to avoid vulnerability to enemy attacks
* Limited secondary armament options, potentially restricting tactical versatility
* Machine guns are ineffective against heavily armored targets, necessitating alternative approaches for engaging such threats

== History ==

[[File:Iar316.jpg|thumb|The IAR-316, alongside with crew members]]
The IAR 316 was a training helicopter produced by the "Industria Aeronautica Românească" (in translation: "Romanian Aeronautics Industry") as a licensed version of the French "Aérospatiale Alouette III" (SA316 Alouette III Light Utility Helicopter). The production of this model started in 1971 at the IAR Factory in Ghimbav, Romania, and it was halted in 1987. A total of 250 helicopters were built, 125 for the Romanian Army, and the rest exported to countries like Pakistan, Angola, and Guinea. Some helicopters were even modified to use 57 mm rockets and Anti-Tank Guided Missiles.
[[File:IAR-317 Skyfox.jpg|thumb|A IAR-317 Skyfox attack helicopter - this is the only example ever made.]]
There was an attempt to convert the original model of IAR 316 into an attack helicopter named IAR 317 "Airfox", however, only 1 prototype was ever built.
{{Clear}}

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=iar_316b Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
File:SA 316 WTWallpaper 001.jpg
File:SA 316 WTWallpaper 003.jpg
File:SA 316 WTWallpaper 004.jpg
File:SA 316 WTWallpaper 005.jpg
File:SA 316 WTWallpaper 006.jpg
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[SA 316B Alouette III]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:IAR 316|[Wikipedia] IAR 316]]
* [https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/a316sa319alouetteiii/ <nowiki>[airforce-technology]</nowiki> SA316 / SA319 Alouette III Light Utility Helicopter]

{{AirManufacturer IAR}}
{{France helicopters}}

F1M2

2023-05-20T02:46:25Z

U132382093: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=f1m2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==


The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (Type 0 Observation Plane) was a short-range observation plane to recon and observe for Japanese battleships and replace the [[E8N2]] in the process.

It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27. While it comes in as a bomber, it gets a high-altitude bomber spawn but only carries 2 x 60 kg bombs. The best approach is to spawn at the airfield and compete with fellow biplanes as a fighter, a role the F1M2 excels better at.

'''Ships that carry the {{PAGENAME}} as a ship-launched reconnaissance aircraft:'''
* {{Specs-Link|jp_cruiser_myoko}}

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 397 || 388 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.8 || 18.4 || 11.0 || 11.0 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 426 || 412 || 16.3 || 17.0 || 16.9 || 13.6
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 356 || 337 || 240 || ~10 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 280 || < 320 || < 320 || > 313
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The F1M2 lacks protective armour, however, its fuel tanks are self-sealing. There is one below the pilot and three behind the engine which are arranged side by side. The gunner subsequently is also not protected by any armour and can be hit easily.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 97 navy (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.7 mm Type 97 navy machine guns, nose-mounted (500 rpg = 1,000 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (120 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Type 92 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.7 mm Type 92 machine gun, dorsal turret (582 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

The F1M2 is quite an interesting little biplane, and has several perks that allow it to fulfil a multitude of roles. It has surprisingly good manoeuvrability, decent armament, as well as the ability to land on water due to its floatplane design. All in all, it is a fun aircraft to fly in both air and naval battles.

'''Air battles''':

The F1M2 would seem to be a relatively bad fighter, given that it has massive floats. However, the opposite is actually true. The F1M2 is very capable as a fighter, and has very impressive manoeuvrability for an aircraft of its type. However, be aware that the large, heavy floats result in a worse turning circle than most dedicated biplane fighters such as the [[I-15 (Family)|I-15]], [[He 51 (Family)|He-51]] or [[Fury Mk I|Fury]]. Though the F1M2 is still an able turner and can keep up with some fighters such as the [[P-26 (Family)|P-26]], pursuing a direct fighter engagement is not advised as it is generally a bit worse than dedicated fighter aircraft. As well, the F1M2 is rather slow, so don't expect it to outrun anything (other than extremely slow aircraft like the [[Po-2]] or [[Swordfish Mk I|Swordfish]], of course).

The F1M2 is equipped with two 7.7 mm Type 97 machine guns which are quite adequate for tearing biplanes apart. However, these guns are relatively bad for everything else, and won't do much damage to aircraft built out of metal. Of course, most aircraft at its BR are wooden biplanes, so the weapon is quite adequate. As well, the F1M2 can carry two 60 kg bombs, which are more than enough to destroy any lightly-armoured targets. Finally, the F1M2 has an ace up its sleeve - the 7.7 mm defensive gun. This weapon is mounted on a flexible mounting at the rear, and is a potent anti-aircraft weapon. In general, due to its lack of powerful guns or suspended ordnance, the F1M2 should be played more as a "heavy" fighter, utilizing its great manoeuvrability, airspawn, and defensive armament.

'''Naval battles''':

Naval battles are the area where the F1M2 shines. Due to its floatplane design, it can easily cap bases by landing on them. When flying in this capacity, beware of any PT boats in the nearby area, and never land when there are enemy vessels close by. Though most ships at its BR have little to no heavy armament, they are still very capable of shredding a plane sitting on the water - a literal sitting duck. As well, the F1M2 can use its 7.7 mm machine guns and bombs against enemy torpedo boats, but this is generally rather ineffective. The 7.7 mm MGs are rather bad at doing heavy damage against PT boats, and the 60 kg bombs have to be dropped at extremely low altitudes in Naval RB to have good accuracy. Thus, in naval battles, it's best to play the F1M2 as an aircraft to quickly capture points.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Receives bomber spawn, allowing for strategic positioning and potential early attacks
* Capable of landing on water, expanding its operational capabilities
* Can land and take off from the ground; spawning mid-air after repairs
* Exhibits impressive performance as a fighter, often surpassing other biplanes in combat
* Can continue flying even if floats are damaged or destroyed
* The center float serves as protection against attacks from below
* Equipped with [[Type 97 navy (7.7 mm)|Type 97s]], which are arguably the best Japanese 7.7 mm
* Demonstrates noteworthy speed compared to aircraft it usually will face, offering a competitive advantage
* Features takeoff, combat, and landing flaps, a rare characteristic among biplanes
* Incorporates self-sealing fuel tanks, distinguishing it from other Japanese aircraft

'''Cons:'''

* Lacks armor protection, leaving the aircraft vulnerable to even weak enemy fire
* Exhibits slower turning capabilities compared to other biplanes
* Vulnerable to I-15s and I-16s, which possess superior armament
* Payload options are generally ineffective or lacking in utility

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Mitsubishi F1M2 Type 0 (Rei Kan/Zero Kan) Observation Seaplane Model 11 (Allied reporting name: Pete)

A single-engine all-metal biplane with a main central float and two additional underwing floats. It was originally built as a catapult-launched reconnaissance floatplane specializing in gunnery spotting for battleships and heavy cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy.

Flight tests of the first prototype Ka-17 (F1M1) aircraft (with a Nakajima Hikari 1 engine) were performed in June 1936. The tests showed that the seaplane had multiple issues, mostly having to do with poor directional stability. In addition, the F1M1's seaworthiness was doubtful.

Two years were spent performing a serious redesign. A new central float was built for the F1M, replacing the Nakajima E8N1 hydroplane float used on the prototypes. The Nakajima Hikari engine was replaced with a more powerful Mitsubishi Zuisei 13 fourteen-cylinder double-row air-cooled engine (the same as that used for Zero fighters) with a maximum take-off power of 875 hp.

An improved version of the hydroplane, designated as the Type 0 Observation Seaplane Model 11 (F1M2), began full-scale production in 1940.

The F1M2 was armed with two 7.7 mm Type 97 Model 3a synchronized fuselage-mounted machine guns with 500 rounds each, and one more 7.7 mm Type 97 (Lewis Mk.III) machine gun with 582 rounds (6 standard magazines) was mounted in the turret in the observer's cockpit to protect the rear of the plane from attacks from above. The lower wing panels had lugs installed to suspend two 60 kg, two 30 kg, or six 20 kg bombs.

At the beginning of the Pacific War, the F1M2s took part in the Battles for the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. The seaplanes were launched from floating bases and later from battleships, cruisers, and coastlines. The Rei Kans were used as scouts, gunnery spotters, light bombers, and anti-submarine aircraft. In June 1942, they were used as dive bombers over the Aleutian Islands; they also covered the Japanese positions there from the air as sea fighters.

A total of 1,118 F1M2s were manufactured, and their production was discontinued in March 1944. The aircraft remained in service until the end of the war.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f1m2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Mitsubishi}}
{{Japan bombers}}
{{Ship-launched reconnaissance aircraft}}

IL-2 (1942) (Germany)

2023-05-19T04:43:10Z

U132382093: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about= premium strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage= other variants
| link= IL-2 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=il_2_1942_luftwaffe
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} German strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.51 "Cold Steel"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The aircraft has an inadequate engine and cooling system, and as such, is slow and has a tendency to try to hit the ground. Air speed bleeds off easily, and climbing is close to impossible.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 2,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 406 || 390 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.9 || 26.7 || 6.2 || 6.2 || rowspan="2" | 450
|-
! Upgraded
| 445 || 423 || 24.1 || 25.0 || 10.8 || 8.3
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 270 || ~15 || ~15
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 320 || < 320 || < 370 || > 360
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

Known as the "flying tank" during the Second World War, the IL-2 has a steel "armoured bathtub" around the cockpit and engine, with an average thickness of between 4-6 mm. Its front windscreen however is made from armoured glass, totaling 64 mm, with the side and rear windscreens offering no protection whatsoever. Behind the cockpit is a 12 mm section of steel armour.

German ace Erich Hartmann recalled "a Shturmovik IL-2, which was the toughest aircraft to bring down because of the heavy armour plate. You had to shoot out the oil cooler underneath, otherwise, it would not go down". Receiving damage to your oil or water coolers is usually fatal, as it will cause your engine to under-perform and eventually cause your demise. The tail area is especially weak, and can be ripped off by enemy fire. The aircraft's engine is inadequate, as is the cooling system; as such, using WEP with this aircraft is not recommended.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|VYa-23 (23 mm)|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 23 mm VYa-23 cannons, wing-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)
* 2 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns, wing-mounted (750 rpg = 1,500 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|SC50JA (50 kg)|SC250JA (250 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 4 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (200 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs (500 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==

In Air RB, this aircraft can devastate entire columns of enemy tanks and soft targets with ease. The plane's 23 mm cannons' armour-piercing rounds will make easy work of enemy medium tanks when attacking from the sides, and can sometimes from the rear, though this seems to take more ammunition. It's recommended to use bursts when dealing with enemy armour. This aircraft can also excel in head-on attacks against enemy fighters, if needed for defensive actions. If using this plane with a squad of German IL-2s, one could potentially form a makeshift "circle of death", with each plane circling while covering the squad-mate ahead of them. If being attacked from behind, reducing power and flying low to the ground may cause the enemy fighter to overshoot into the player's firing zone.

The main threats to the IL-2 are enemy AAA and SPAA weapons, the occasional Allied attacker (A-36) and once they've arrived, enemy fighters. Most of the time the IL-2 can win a head-on with enemy fighters, however once an enemy climbs, usually the IL-2 player is doomed.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

[[Yak-2 KABB]] - Do not think that the {{PAGENAME}} can confidently outmanoeuvre this plane just because it is twin-engined. The Yak-2 has an amazing turn rate for a heavy fighter, thus the {{PAGENAME}} must avoid turning with it, if not dogfighting with it in general. It bears a pair of ShVAK cannons that can easily damage vital parts like engine or cooling systems. It has green camo, greatly resembling an Me 410 but with an H-tail like a Bf 110's.

[[ZSD63]] - A dangerous SPAA to go up against in Tank Realistic Battles. Though it is hard to identify specific SPAA vehicles on the ground (especially when they are shooting tracers at the plane), if a ZSD63 is identified, avoid it at all costs and do not attempt head-ons with it, ever. It can easily snap a wing off by casually putting a short burst in the {{PAGENAME}}'s flight path. Don't even get close to it unless the {{PAGENAME}} has a bomb. Even ground target belts on your cannons cannot effectively damage it as its hull is overall quite empty, causing your shells to do little to no damage. Some identifying features of the ZSD63 is its rather boxy and tall hull with a geometric turret sitting at the back, slightly similar to a Wirbelwind's. The firing manner is also distinctive: the sound and green tracers are very rapid, much like a buzz saw, but then it will remain silent for half a minute reloading. Note that an experienced ZSD player will hold its fire or shoot in single salvos with long halts between, making it look like that it's reloading.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Impressive armament, providing significant firepower against a wide range of targets.
* Offers premium rewards, allowing for enhanced progression and benefits.
* Engine and cockpit are protected by armor, increasing survivability in combat.
* Capable of serving as a makeshift fighter, provided the enemy doesn't gain altitude advantage.
* 23 mm cannons equipped with armored target belts can effectively penetrate most light tanks, medium tanks, and self-propelled anti-aircraft guns (SPAA) at its battle rating.
* Ample ammunition supply ensures sustained engagement capability.

'''Cons:'''

* Lacks defensive armament, making it vulnerable to enemy attacks
* Engine and cooling systems are inadequate, impacting overall performance
* Stalling occurs at a speed of 170 km/h (105 mph), resulting in accidental stalls being common without careful maneuvering to avoid such situations
* While the frontal part of the aircraft is armored, the tail remains susceptible to damage
* Does not offer rocket payloads, limiting its versatility in ground attacks
* Adjusting to bombing without dive brakes or a bombsight may require additional practice and adaptation
* Limited rear visibility in the cockpit, particularly crucial in Simulator battles, affecting both visibility and survivability
* Only three available payload options, significantly fewer than the 23 options available on the Russian version

== History ==

{{main|IL-2 (1942)#History}}

This particular IL-2 (1942) was originally marked as Red/White 4 of the Soviet Air Force and was captured by the Germans on the Eastern Front. The aircraft's paint scheme suggests it was most likely built at Zavod 18, as it is typical of paint schemes from this particular factory. All weapons were removed (and later reinstalled) and all markings were painted over, with the addition of a yellow band painted in front of the tail section and under the tips of the wings. Of note is the lack of the inclined Swastika which was present on the original.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=il_2_1942_luftwaffe Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150">
File:The German IL-2 in flight.jpg
File:IL-2 (1942) (Germany) In hangar.png|IL-2 (1942) (Germany) in hangar with bombs
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[IL-2 (1941)]]
* [[IL-2 (1942)]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/195737-ilyushin-il-2-1942/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[wikipedia:Ilyushin_IL-2|Ilyushin IL-2]]
* [http://massimotessitori.altervista.org/sovietwarplanes/pages/il-2/il2-camo/germans/germans.html <nowiki>[massimotessitori.altervista.org]</nowiki> Axis remarked Il-2s]

{{AirManufacturer Ilyushin}}
{{Germany strike aircraft}}
{{Germany premium aircraft}}

MGB-61

2023-05-19T04:36:34Z

U132382093: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_70ft_mgb
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British motor gun boat {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.83 "Masters of the Sea"]] as part of the British fleet closed beta test. With the split of the naval tech trees in [[Update "New Power"]], {{PAGENAME}} was moved to the coastal fleet tech tree.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}


[[File:{{PAGENAME}}_Internals.png|thumb|{{PAGENAME}} internals (starboard). Note the ammo storages below the bridge and in front of the rear gun.]]

MGB-61 has the following armour layout:

* [[2pdr Rolls Royce (40 mm)| 40 mm 2pdr Rolls Royce]] gun shield: 12.7 mm hardened armour
* Hull: 40 mm, wood
* Superstructure: 15 mm, wood

Like most coastal vessels, MGB-61 has no practical armour. The gunshields are largely superficial; while they may stop low-calibre machine guns, heavy machine guns and cannons will easily penetrate them at any range. The hull and superstructure are unarmoured and will not stop any sort of gunfire.

The hull is split into three compartments. Starting from the bow and working towards the stern, the first compartment starts at the bow and ends in front of the bridge; the second ends between the fuel tanks and the engines; the third ends at the stern.

MGB-61 can be hull-broken by any round with a large enough diameter and explosive mass. In general, this is limited to HE rounds greater with a diameter greater than or equal to 4 inches (102 mm) with an explosive mass greater than 1.5 kg. At MGB-61's own battle rating, there is only one gun capable of hull-breaking her:

* the [[8cwt QF Mk I (114 mm)|114 mm 8cwt QF Mk I]], found on {{Specs-Link|uk_dark_class}}.

There are two ammunition storages: the first, holding the ammunition for the primary armament, is located just above the waterline in front of the aft 40 mm 2pdr Rolls Royce cannon; the other ammunition storage, holding the ammunition for the secondary armament, is located just above the waterline directly underneath each of the two twin 12.7 mm Vickers Mk.V machine gun mounts. Destroying either will instantly destroy MGB-61.

MGB-61 has a crew complement of 12. With a stock crew, it is knocked out when 7 crew are lost; with an aced crew, this is increased to 8. Overall, the survivability is average.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}


{{NavalMobility
|SpeedForwardStockAB = 73
|SpeedBackStockAB = 20
|TurnTimeStockAB = 23.21
|TurnSpeedStockAB = 41

|TurnTimeSpadedAB = 15.41
|TurnSpeedSpadedAB = 39

|SpeedForwardStockRB = 64
|SpeedBackStockRB = 17
|TurnTimeStockRB = 25.64
|TurnSpeedStockRB = 42

|TurnTimeSpadedRB = 21.18
|TurnSpeedSpadedRB = 41
}}

MGB-61 has a displacement of 34 tons.

When moving forwards at high speeds, the bow will lift out of the water. This creates a blind spot at close ranges in front of the boat where, depending on the angle, one or both of the twin 12.7 mm Vickers Mk.V mounts are unable to depress far enough to get the guns on target.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The recommended modification research order is:

# Tool Set
# Fire Protection System
# 12.7 mm I
# Smokescreen
# 40 mm AP
# Rudder Replacement
# Improved Rangefinder
# Artillery

After that, research the rest of the seakeeping modifications, followed by the rest of the modifications in whatever order you prefer.

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|Vickers Mk.V (12.7 mm)}}

The primary armament consists of four 12.7 mm Vickers Mk.V machine guns in two twin mounts, one on either side of the bridge. There are 4,000 rounds of ammunition available for each mount, 2,000 rounds per gun, for a total of 8,000 rounds. Stock, the mounts can traverse horizontally and vertically at a rate of 64°/s; with the "Primary Armament Targeting" modification installed, this is increased to 75°/s. Each gun has a belt capacity of 200 rounds and a cyclic rate of fire of around 600 rounds/min, though the outboard guns on both mounts fire slightly faster, around 685 rounds/min. With a stock crew, the guns can be reloaded in 13 seconds; with an aced crew, they can be reloaded in 10 seconds.

{{Notice|Turrets are named sequentially, clockwise, starting at the bow}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
! colspan="8" | Primary armament guidance
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" | No.1 Turret (starboard)
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" | No.2 Turret (port)
|-
! Horizontal !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Vertical
|-
| ±180° || -10°/+70° || ±180° || -10°/+70°
|-
|}

There are three ammunition choices available:

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|T|M1 tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|M1 incendiary}}
* '''12.7 mm I:''' {{Annotation|T|M1 tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|M1 incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|M1 incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|M1 incendiary}}
* '''12.7 mm API:''' {{Annotation|T|M1 tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|M1 incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}

{{:Vickers Mk.V (12.7 mm)/Ammunition|T, AP, I}}

Of the belts, the I belt has a noticeably higher damage output than both the Universal and API belts, both of which are about the same in terms of damage. This is because it has the highest concentration of incendiary rounds, which are the only ones with any high-explosive filler. However, because it lacks any armour-piercing rounds, the I belt has slightly less armour penetration than the other two belts. In general, though, any armour that can stop the incendiary round will also be able to stop the armour-piercing round. For the most effectiveness, take only the I belt once unlocked, and switch the primary 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II cannon to deal with armoured targets.

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|2pdr Rolls Royce (40 mm)}}

The secondary armament consists of a single 40 mm 2pdr Rolls Royce cannon mounted aft, with a maximum of 1,200 rounds of ammunition. Stock, the mount can traverse horizontally at a rate of 38°/s and vertically at a rate of 47°/s; with the "Auxiliary Armament Targeting" modification installed, this is increased to 45°/s and 55°/s respectively. The gun has a magazine capacity of 4 rounds and a cyclic rate of fire of 231 rounds/min. With a stock crew, the gun can be reloaded in 2.21 seconds; with an aced crew, it can be reloaded in 1.7 seconds.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="25%"
! colspan="2" | Secondary armament guidance
|-
! Horizontal !! Vertical
|-
| ±151° || -12°/+60°
|-
|}

There are three ammunition choices available:

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|HEF|High-explosive fragmentation}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF|High-explosive fragmentation}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''40 mm HE:''' {{Annotation|HEF|High-explosive fragmentation}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF|High-explosive fragmentation}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF|High-explosive fragmentation}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''40 mm AP:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF|High-explosive fragmentation}}

{{:2pdr Rolls Royce (40 mm)/Ammunition|AP-T, HEF}}

The best ammunition for general use is the HE belt, due to it having the highest ratio of HE rounds to AP rounds, making it the most effective against both aircraft and the vast majority of surface targets. Because of this, the HE belt should be the main ammunition once it is unlocked. Additionally, take a substantial amount of the belt as well for use against armoured targets. Alternatively, take only Universal if you want to avoid the reload delay between switching ammunition types, though this comes at the cost of lesser damage efficiency.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.VII depth charge}}

{{PAGENAME}}
has two possible loadouts:

# 2 x Mk.VII depth charge
# Without load

'''Depth Charges'''

[[File:{{PAGENAME}}_DC_Order.png|thumb|Mk.VII depth charges numbered according to their drop order.]]

The Mk.VII depth charges are carried amidships in front of the aft gun, one on each side. They are dropped one at a time in the following order:

# Starboard
# Port

Before spawning, the detonation time delay can be set anywhere between 3 seconds and 10 seconds.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Depth charge characteristics
|-
! Mass (kg)
! Explosive type
! Explosive mass (kg)
! TNT equivalent (kg)
! HE armour penetration (mm)
! Armoured vehicle destruction radius (m)
! Fragment dispersion radius (m)
|-
| 196 || TNT || 130 || 130 || 101 || 8 || 122
|}

There is almost no practical reason to use depth charges on any naval vessel in the game. Although they usually result in a one-hit kill if used properly, they are extremely situational, requiring the player to close to point-blank ranges to even use them. In almost every case, anytime a depth charge could be used, the guns or torpedoes can be used instead to greater effect. In fact, depth charges tend to actually be a liability in battle, since they essentially act as exposed ammo racks before they're dropped. They can be shot at, and if destroyed, they have a chance to detonate, instantly destroying the boat.

Despite this, some success can be had in dropping them either next to, or in front of a large, slow target. If dropping them next to the target, remember the depth charge drop order, since it's most likely that only the depth charges dropped on the side closest to the enemy will deal any damage. If dropping in front of the target, rush in from the sides as quickly as possible and drop them all at once directly in front of the target. For both cases, set the depth charge time delay to the minimum 3 seconds, since any higher time delay will only allow the depth charge to sink further away from the target, giving them more time to move out of the way. Again, using depth charges is extremely situational, and they will only be a liability the vast majority of the time, so take them at your own discretion.

== Usage in battles ==


As a motor gun boat, MGB-61's primary armament is actually quite good, unlike the previous vessels in its tech tree line. With four 12.7 mm Vickers Mk.V machine guns, the damage output is roughly comparable to two or three 20 mm cannons, and with a belt capacity of 200 rounds each, they can sustain fire for much longer than most contemporary autocannons. While most of her cannon-armed counterparts must reload after one or two kills, MGB-61 can easily take out multiple enemies in quick succession, making her well suited for aggressive playstyles. However, this firepower comes at the cost of a long reload, anywhere between 13 and 10 seconds depending on the level of the crew.

In addition to a long reload, the primary armament's firing arcs are also somewhat restrictive. Both gun mounts are unable to fire in a ~117° arc in the direction of the other mount, and at rest, both are unable to fire at anything within ~275 m directly behind the boat. When on the move, the bow will lift out the water, eliminating the rear blind spot, but also creating a new one in front of the boat that extends for several hundred metres where one or both of the mounts are unable to depress far enough to get guns on target.

With all of this in mind, play MGB-61 aggressively, but always be aware of the limits of the guns. Because of the long reload, be proactive with the reloads. Keep an eye on the ammunition counter and be sure to fire off any remaining ammo after engagements if there isn't much left in the belts, retreating to do so if necessary. A good time to start doing so is when there are around 250 rounds or less between all four guns. Additionally, because of the poor firing arcs, keep enemies either directly in front or directly behind you at all times so that all of the guns are able to fire, and be ready to speed up or slow down to eliminate the fore or aft blindspots as needed. MGB-61's survivability is rather average and is largely reliant on being able to destroy opponents before they can deal much damage in return, so not being able to fire for even just for a few seconds due to any reason will often result in your own destruction, especially while playing aggressively.

Lastly, if you come across any armoured targets that the 12.7 mm machine guns fail to penetrate — in particular, the {{Specs-Link|ussr_1124_art}}, {{Specs-Link|ussr_1124_ack}}, and {{Specs-Link|ussr_pr_191}} — switch to the secondary 40 mm 2pdr Rolls Royce cannon. This gun is more than capable of punching through any armour MGB-61 might come across, and it also has a higher effective range, making it useful for long-range engagements. However, its damage output is noticeably lower than the four machine guns, so only switch to it when required, but always be ready to do so on a moment's notice.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Primary armament boasts an impressive combination of a high rate of fire, generous belt capacity, and significant damage output, ensuring sustained firepower during engagements.
* Secondary armament exhibits exceptional reload speed, remarkable penetration capabilities with AP rounds, and advantageous firing arcs, allowing for effective target engagement.
* Mobility enhances manoeuvrability and responsiveness, providing an advantage in more dynamic combat scenarios.

'''Cons:'''

* While moving at high speeds, there is a slight blind spot directly in front of the vessel, necessitating cautious positioning to maintain situational awareness.
* Primary armament experiences a relatively longer reload time and limited firing arcs, requiring strategic planning and well-timed shots for optimal effectiveness.
* Secondary armament lacks the ability to fire directly forwards, possesses a smaller magazine capacity, and lacks full 360° rotation, potentially requiring careful targeting and ammunition conservation.

== History ==


Over the course of the Second World War, British Power Boat Company (BPB), based at Hythe, manufactured three motor anti-submarine boat (MASB) designs — all three essentially being scaled-up versions of the same overall design — as follows: a 60-foot version, consisting of MASBs 1-5; a 63-foot version, consisting of MASBs 22-45; and a 70-foot version, consisting of MASBs 6-21, 46, and 50-67. These boats were originally designed as motor torpedo boats (MTBs), but with the increasing threat of German U-Boats, those ordered by the Royal Navy were ordered instead as MASBs, their torpedo tubes replaced with depth charge racks and ASDIC equipment.

The 70-foot boats, in particular, had a standard displacement of around 30 tons, with a full displacement of up to 38 tons, depending on the boat. They had a length of 70 ft (21.3 m), a beam of 16 ft 7 in (5.05 m), and a draught of around 3 ft (~1 m) depending on the boat. They were powered as follows:

* MASBs 6-21: Ordered by the Royal Navy as MASBs, all were completed throughout 1940 and 1941. These were originally planned to be powered by Rolls Royce engines. However, these engines eventually became reserved only for Hurricane and Spitfire fighter aircraft by the time the boats were built. Instead, they were powered by two weaker Napier Sea Lion engines and could only achieve 23 knots. In 1942, they received stronger Packard engines, increasing their top speed to 38 knots.
* MASB 46: Originally ordered by the Royal Netherlands Navy as an MTB, with the capitulation of the Netherlands before her completion in May 1940, she was requisitioned by the Royal Navy in July 1940 and completed as a MASB on 13th July 1941. MASB 46 was powered by three Rolls Royce petrol engines and could achieve a top speed of 42.5 knots.
* MASBs 50-67: Originally ordered by the French Navy as MTBs, with the capitulation of France before the completion of most of the order in June 1940, they were requisitioned by the Royal Navy in July 1940 and completed as a MASB throughout 1940 and 1941. MASBs 50-67 were powered by three Isotta-Fraschini engines and could achieve a top speed of 40 knots.

Around 1941, to counter the more heavily armed German E-Boats, the Royal Navy converted most of their MASBs, including all of the BPB 70-foot MASBs, into motor gun boats (MGBs). During this time, the BPB 70-foot boats were redesignated MGBs 6-21, 46, and 50-67 and were all refitted with a standardized armament consisting of 2-pdr aft gun and a twin .50 calibre machine gun mount on either side of the bridge.

MASB-61 was one of the ex-French BPB 70-foot boats. She was completed on 12th April 1941, but with the capitulation of France, she was requisitioned by the Royal Navy in July 1940 and converted into a MASB. In January 1941, she was refitted as a motor gun boat and redesignated as MGB-61. MGB-61 was commanded by the following:

* Lt. P.N. Howes, RN: December 1940 to August 1941
* Lt. I.R. Griffiths, RN: August 1941 to December 1941
* T/Lt. D.P. James, RNVR: December 1941 to July 1942
* T/Lt. J. Collins, RNVR: July 1942 to August 1943

MGB-61 served as part of the 6th MGB Flotilla with HMS Beehive at Felixstowe from 1941 to 1943. She was disposed of in February 1945.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_70ft_mgb Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* {{Specs-Link|uk_fairmile_a_ml100}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_71ft_mgb}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_fairmile_b_ml345}}

== External links ==


* [http://cfv.org.uk/research/boat/database <nowiki>[Coastal Forces Veterans]</nowiki> Boat Database]
* [https://www.unithistories.com/units_british/RN_CoastalForces.html#MGB%20Boats <nowiki>[Unit Histories]</nowiki> Royal Navy Coastal Forces 1940-1945]
* [http://www.naval-history.net/WW2BritishLosses3Coastal.htm <nowiki>[naval-history.net]</nowiki> British vessels lost at sea in World War 2 - MGB, MTB, SGB, ML, etc] - originally published in ''British Vessels Lost at Sea, 1935-45'', His Majesty's Stationary Office, 1947
* [http://www.navypedia.org/ships/uk/brit_c_f_mgb6.htm <nowiki>[NAVYPEDIA]</nowiki> MGB6 motor gun boats (35, 1939 - 1941)]
* [https://uboat.net/allies/warships/class.html?ID=671&navy=HMS <nowiki>[uboat.net]</nowiki> BPB 70 feet-type (ex: French) class]
* [https://d-dayrevisited.co.uk/projects/masb-27-restoration/ <nowiki>[D-Day Revisited]</nowiki> MASB 27 Restoration]
* [https://www.yalumba.co.uk/Framesets/British%20Power%20Boat%20Co%20-%20Page%204,%20MGBs.html <nowiki>[yalumba.co.uk]</nowiki> British Power Boat Co Page 4]
* [http://www.coastal-forces.org.uk/boats.html <nowiki>[Coastal Forces Heritage Trust]</nowiki> Boats]

===References===

* Konstam, Angus (2010). ''British Motor Gun Boat 1939–45''. Osprey Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84908-077-4.

{{ShipManufacturer British Power Boat Company}}
{{Britain boats}}

PT-71

2023-05-19T04:33:53Z

U132382093: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_higgins_78ft_pt71
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American motor torpedo boat {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]] as part of the fleet closed beta test.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}


The {{PAGENAME}} has the following structural layout:

* Hull: 40 mm, wood
* Superstructure: 15 mm, wood

It has a crew of only 12 but is capable of surviving losing up to 9 members before being destroyed. All of its components packed together with little room to spare so penetrating shots will likely hit modules as well as damaging the hull. With no additional armour besides the wood it is composed of, this is not a ship that can take very much damage.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}


{{NavalMobility
|SpeedForwardStockAB = 76
|SpeedBackStockAB = 17
|SpeedForwardStockRB = 63
|SpeedBackStockRB = 14
}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is a very mobile ship and boasts an excellent speed of 74 km/h, able to keep up with all but the fastest of Russian MTBs. The {{PAGENAME}} has a displacement of 49 tons.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|AN-M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The four 12.7 mm AN-M2 machine guns have a great rate of fire, allowing it to deal plenty of damage quickly. It is best used at ranges under 1 km, any further and the bullets do significantly less damage and require more compensation for the ballistics. Since the guns rely on sheer rate of fire to destroy enemies, it is capable of engaging both naval and air targets. The recommended belt is APIT. It has slightly less penetrating than AP, but gains the ability to set fires.

Three ammo belts are available:

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|M1 incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}
* '''.50 AP belt:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}
* '''.50 APIT belt:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|M1 incendiary}}

{{:AN-M2 (12.7 mm)/Ammunition|AP, I, API-T}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)}}

The 20 mm Oerlikon on the rear of the boat covers the rear blind spot of your quad machine guns. Since the 20 mm has far less damage output compared to the four machine guns, the 20 mm cannon should only be used when the enemy is in that rear blind spot.

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|HEF-T|High-explosive fragmentation tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''20 mm HE:''' {{Annotation|HEF-T|High-explosive fragmentation tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}
* '''20 mm AP:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}

{{:20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)/Ammunition|HEF-T, AP-T, HEF-I}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|21 in Mk.8 (533 mm)}}

Torpedoes are not particularly useful at the PT-71's BR. They should only be used to against slow moving gunboats or spammed towards commonly travelled choke points.

== Usage in battles ==

The PT-71 can be considered a direct upgrade to the reserve tier [[PT-6]] and should be played similarly. The quad machine guns benefit from a great vantage point, and can both be fired directly forward, making relatively quick work of most opponents you will face. The 20 mm Oerlikon Mk.II also packs a good punch, and, considering its positioning, has a decent field of coverage as well.

The optimal angle to engage other boats is to sail directly at them. You reveal only your bow and bridge to enemy fire, while all four of your machine guns can pepper them with bullets. When going up against bigger ships, use your speed, evasive manoeuvres, and natural cover to approach and drop torpedoes as closely as possible. Then turn tail and run, using your 20 mm and smoke to shake off any pursuers. Alternatively, some players choose to forgo torpedoes altogether, favouring a lower chance of ammo detonation over the ability to engage bigger ships. All in all, the PT-71 is a versatile boat that is not lacking in any department except for armour (but this is the standard at the rank), and it is a good boat for those just getting into Naval Battles.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good rate of fire, ensuring a steady stream of firepower and maximizing damage potential.
* Unobstructed gun placement, offering clear firing arcs (with the exception of potential interference between guns).
* Equipped with four torpedoes, providing substantial offensive capabilities against enemy vessels.
* Good speed

'''Cons:'''

* Weak armour, necessitating a reliance on agility and strategic positioning for survival (though this is standard for the rank)
* Compact size of the boat results in closely packed components, making it susceptible to significant damage from a single well-placed hit.

== History ==


The '''PT-71''' was laid down on December 2, 1941 by Higgins Industries, in New Orleans, Louisiana. It was launched on May 4, 1942, and was completed on July 20, 1942. It was commissioned on April 27, 1943 as the USS PT-71, and it was assigned to Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron FOUR (MTBRon 4) under the command of Lt. Comdr. William C. Specht, USN. MTBRon 4 was the training squadron for motor torpedo boat crews, based at MTB Squadrons Training Center, at Melville, Rhode Island.

The PT-71 was transferred to Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron SIXTEEN (MTBRon 16) under the command of Lt. Comdr. Russell H. Smith, USN, on January 20, 1943. MTBRon saw action during the Aleutian Campaign.

On March 13, 1943 the PT-71 was transferred to Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron SEVENTEEN (MTBRon 17) under the command of Lt. Comdr. Russell B. Allen, USN. MTBRon 17 was assigned to the Hawaiian Sea Frontier. On April 16, 1943 the PT-71 was transferred back to MTBRon 4.

On March 18, 1944 the ship was transferred to Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron TWO - (MTBRon 2) under the command of Comdr. John D. Bulkeley, USN. MTBRon 2 was assigned to the Office of Strategic Services, and was located in the English Channel. Between May and October of 1944 the squadron carried out 20 missions, landing supplies and personnel in enemy occupied territory. On October 11, 1945 the PT-71 was struck from the Naval Register. It was stripped and destroyed on October 21, 1945 at Samar, in the Philippines.

The PT-71 had a displacement of 56 t, a length of 71 ft, a beam of 20 ft 8 in, and a draft of 5 ft 3 in. It was powered by three 1,500 shp Packard W-14 M2500 gasoline engines, and had three shafts. The armament consisted of four 21" torpedoes, one 40 mm mount, and two twin .50 cal. machine guns. The crew complement was 17 sailors and officers, and it had a maximum speed of 40 knots.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_higgins_78ft_pt71 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


=== References ===

;Bibliography

* Radigan, Joseph M. PT-71. NavSource Naval History. http://www.navsource.org/archives/12/05071.htm

{{ShipManufacturer Higgins}}
{{USA boats}}

Breda Model 31 (13.2 mm)

2023-05-19T04:27:35Z

U132382093: /* Pros and cons */

[[File:Breda Mod.31.png|x280px|thumb|right|The Breda Model 31 inside of the M14/41 (47/40) machine gunner area]]

== Description ==

[[File:Breda Model 31.jpg|thumb|Breda Model 31 on a vessel]]
The '''13.2 mm Breda Model 31''' is a heavy machine gun, used by the Italian Army in the Second World War. It was used by the Regia Marina (Navy), Regio Esercito (Army) and Regi Sommergibili (submarines).

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


;Ground vehicles

* {{Specs-Link|it_m14_41_47_40}}

;Naval vessels

* {{Specs-Link|it_mas_stefano_turr}}
* {{Specs-Link|it_destroyer_dardo}}
* {{Specs-Link|it_destroyer_leone_class}}
* {{Specs-Link|it_destroyer_navigatori_class_verazzano}}
* {{Specs-Link|it_cruiser_bartolomeocolleoni_1940}}
* {{Specs-Link|it_cruiser_trento}}
* {{Specs-Link|it_cruiser_zara_class}}
* {{Specs-Link|it_cruiser_zara_class_pola}}

== General info ==

As a heavy machine gun, the Breda Model 31 is capable of dealing with lightly armoured targets and torpedo boats. The presence of incendiary components in the {{Specs-Link|it_m14_41_47_40}}'s belt also makes it quite effective against aircraft.

=== Available ammunition ===


* '''Default ({{Specs-Link|it_m14_41_47_40}}):''' {{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''Universal (Naval vessels):''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|T|Tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || 28 || 25 || 16 || 10 || 6 || 3
|-
| Universal || 27 || 27 || 23 || 19 || 16 || 14
|-
|}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

For the [[M14/41 (47/40)]] the ammo count is very low in comparison with other nations' counterparts, like American M4s' [[M2HB (12.7 mm)]] heavy machine gun. Compared with the Japanese [[Type 93 (13.2 mm)]] heavy machine gun, the Italian one has poor ammo belts choice, with only one option for every vehicle.

== Usage in battles ==

In battle the Breda Model 31 has to be used only against light armoured vehicles, trucks, open top vehicles or motor torpedo boats, since at best it can provide 24/27 mm of penetration. It also needs to be fired carefully to save ammo in the [[M14/41 (47/40)]].

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Respectable penetration ability, allowing for effective engagement of moderately armoured targets.

'''Cons:'''

* Limited ammunition capacity on [[M14/41 (47/40)]], requiring careful ammo management and potential reloads during prolonged engagements.
* The absence of alternative ammo belts limits tactical flexibility and adaptability in different scenarios.

== History ==

During the rebuilding of the ''Regia Marina'', the Italian's anti-air machine gun armament for the ships was the French 13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun.<ref name="FriedmanBreda_PG585">Friedman 2013, 585</ref> However, a domestic firearms production was desired and so a request was sent by the Italian Navy in 1929 to replace the Hotchkiss with an Italian production model. Breda responded with a license acquired in 1929, with a license-production model beginning production in 1931 as the '''Model 1931''' (Italian full name: ''Mitragliatrice Antiaerea "Breda" calibro 13.2mm Tipo R. Marina'').<ref name="Popenker_ModernFirearms">Popenker n.d.</ref> However, a shift in naval priorities caused a lack of interest in the 13.2 mm Breda Model 1931, with the Italians opting for armaments chambered in 8 mm or 20 mm, though the Model 1931 still saw use in anti-aircraft mounts in both naval and land applications.

The ''Regia Marina'' used the Model 1931 in single or dual mounts of various configurations. On merchant ships or auxiliary cruisers, there was a "lightweight" single, free-swinging mount or a "heavyweight" twin, hand-worked mount for the Model 1931. On submarines, a twin, disappearing, free-swinging mount was available.<ref name="CampBell">Campbell 1985, 347</ref><ref name="NavWeaps_Mod1931">DiGiulian 2021</ref>

The Breda Model 31 saw use on land as vehicle mounts, replacing twin-machine gun mountings on vehicles such as the [[L3/33 CC|L3 tankette]],<ref name="Popenker_ModernFirearms" /> the [[M14/41 (47/40)|M14/41]] and [[M15/42]] medium tank, or being the primary armament of command tanks.<ref name="Osprey_ItalianMed">Cappellano and Battistelli 2012, 35 & 46</ref>

Improving the armament caliber, Breda would produce the [[20_mm/65_Breda_(20_mm)|20 mm/65 Breda Model 1935]] that was derived from the Model 1931 design.<ref name="FriedmanBreda_PG585" /><ref name="NavWeaps_Mod1935">DiGiulian 2016</ref>

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Breda Mod. 31 Barrel.png|The Breda Model 31 barrel outside of the M14/41 (47/40)
</gallery>

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

===References===

;Citations:
<references />

;Bibliography:

* Campbell, John. 1985. ''Naval Weapons of World War Two''. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
* Cappellano, Filippo and Pier Paolo Battistelli. 2012. ''Italian Medium Tanks 1939-45''. Great Britain: Osprey Publishing.
* DiGiulian, Tony. 2016. "20 mm/65 Models 1935, 1939 and 1940 (Breda)." NavWeaps. Last modified October 30, 2016. [http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNIT_20mm-65.php Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220310180431/http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNIT_20mm-65.php Archive])
* DiGiulian, Tony. 2021. "13.2 mm/75.7 (0.52") AA MG Model 1931." NavWeaps. Last modified May 18, 2021. [http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNIT_132-757_m1931.php Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220310165002/http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNIT_132-757_m1931.php Archive])
* Friedman, Norman. 2013. ''Naval Anti-Aircraft Guns & Gunnery''. Great Britain: Seaforth Publishing.
* Popenker, Maxim. n.d. "Breda Modelo 1931 M1931 heavy machine gun (Italy)." Modern Firearms. Accessed March 10, 2022. [https://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/italy-machineguns/breda-m1931-2/ Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220310164518/https://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/italy-machineguns/breda-m1931-2/ Archive])

{{Tank machine guns}}
{{Naval machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]
[[Category:Naval machine guns]]

Hotchkiss (13.2 mm)

2023-05-18T03:37:17Z

U132382093: /* General info */

== Description ==

The 13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun, featuring dual turrets, serves a crucial role as an anti-aircraft gun on the K2 Frigate in War Thunder. With an ammunition capacity of 1800 rounds and a belt capacity of 30 rounds, it offers substantial firepower. Using a fire rate of 476 shots per minute, this weapon delivers a semi-rapid barrage against airborne targets.

In its role as an anti-aircraft gun, the 13.2 mm Hotchkiss proves effective in defending against enemy aircraft. The dual turrets provide enhanced coverage, increasing the chances of hitting incoming aerial threats. Players commanding the K2 Frigate can rely on this potent weapon, along with the other AA guns offered to establish a protective shield in the skies, denying adversaries freedom of movement.

To optimize the potential of the 13.2 mm Hotchkiss, precise targeting and efficient ammunition management are crucial. With its decent fire rate, players must ensure a steady supply of ammunition for sustained defensive capabilities. Careful consideration of firing intervals and reload times will help maintain uninterrupted protection against enemy aircraft.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|germ_kanonenboot_k2}}

== General info ==

The 13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun features a user-friendly 30-round strip feeding system, allowing for quick and easy reloading. This design ensures minimal downtime and enhances the weapon's overall performance in combat situations.

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Exceptionally short reload time, allowing for rapid engagements and sustained firepower.
* Remarkable heat dissipation capabilities, minimizing the risk of overheating even during intense combat situations.

'''Cons:'''

* Small magazine size, necessitating frequent reloads and strategic ammunition management.
* Adequate but not exceptional rate of fire, requiring efficient targeting and precise shots to maximize effectiveness.

== History ==


The Hotchkiss et Cie company began producing their lineage of air-cooled, gas-operated machine guns in 1894-1895 when they bought the rights to a design from an Austrian Baron. The Hotchkiss M1897 was sold on export but they would develop the gun into what was planned to be designed for the ''Armée de Terre'' (French Army). The Hotchkiss Male. 1900 was not initially adopted by the French Army who instead decided to choose the competing Puteaux Mle. 1905 which was upgraded to the Saint-Eintinne Mle. 1907 as their main machine gun. However, when World War I broke out in 1914, Manufacture d’armes d'Saint-Eintinne couldn’t keep up with the desired production, so the Armée de Terre decided to revisit the Hotchkiss and adopted it in 1914 as the [[Hotchkiss Mle 1914 (8 mm)|Hotchkiss Mle 1914]]. The design was distinct from the machine guns of the other world powers by its air-cooled design, but it was no less reliable and served as the French machine gun of choice into World War II.

Hotchkiss would continue developing the design after World War I and seeing the reliably of the action and the increasing provenance of aircraft in warfare, they proposed in the late 1920s a series in calibers ranging from 13.2 mm to 25 mm and finally 37 mm to serve in the needed role of short-range air-defense. The 13.2 mm design became the '''Hotchkiss Mle. 1929'''. The Armée de Terre did not initially adopt this Hotchkiss design either, but it was successfully exported to Japan and Italy produced the design under license as the [[Type 93 (13.2 mm)|Type 93]] and [[Breda Model 31 (13.2 mm)|Breda Model 31]] respectively. While it wasn't accepted by the army as an anti-aircraft weapon due to concerns about friendly fire, the design was strictly used as an anti-tank weapon and as a vehicle machine gun for the Calvary units. The gun got used in the intended anti-aircraft role by Marine Nationale (French Navy) on their ships for close-range air defense on their most notably their battleship ''Richelieu'' and their destroyer ''Le Terrible'' which were used by ''Forces Navales Françaises Libres'' (Free France Naval Forces) though the guns would be replaced in a 1943 refit with the [[20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)|20 mm/70 Oerlikon]] cannon as heavy machine guns were found to be ineffective anti-aircraft weapons. The guns came in both dual and quad mount variants. Some of the old navy guns were used in self-propelled mounts by the Free French Forces.

The recoil-operated design had an effective rate of 450 rounds per minute, but the practical rate of fire was closer to 250 rounds per minute due to the fact it was fed by 30-round box magazines. When France fell in June 1940, the Germans captured a number of French military equipment including the Mle. 1929 Hotchkiss which was designated the MG 271(f).

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[Type 93 (13.2 mm)]] Japanese version built under licence
* [[Breda Model 31 (13.2 mm)]] Italian version built under licence
* [[Hotchkiss Mle 1930 (13.2 mm)]] Naval quad mount in ground use

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Naval machine guns}}

[[Category:Naval machine guns]]

Hotchkiss (13.2 mm)

2023-05-18T03:36:31Z

U132382093: /* Pros and cons */

== Description ==

The 13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun, featuring dual turrets, serves a crucial role as an anti-aircraft gun on the K2 Frigate in War Thunder. With an ammunition capacity of 1800 rounds and a belt capacity of 30 rounds, it offers substantial firepower. Using a fire rate of 476 shots per minute, this weapon delivers a semi-rapid barrage against airborne targets.

In its role as an anti-aircraft gun, the 13.2 mm Hotchkiss proves effective in defending against enemy aircraft. The dual turrets provide enhanced coverage, increasing the chances of hitting incoming aerial threats. Players commanding the K2 Frigate can rely on this potent weapon, along with the other AA guns offered to establish a protective shield in the skies, denying adversaries freedom of movement.

To optimize the potential of the 13.2 mm Hotchkiss, precise targeting and efficient ammunition management are crucial. With its decent fire rate, players must ensure a steady supply of ammunition for sustained defensive capabilities. Careful consideration of firing intervals and reload times will help maintain uninterrupted protection against enemy aircraft.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|germ_kanonenboot_k2}}

== General info ==

The machine gun is fed by a 30-round strip, which can be loaded quickly and easily.

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Exceptionally short reload time, allowing for rapid engagements and sustained firepower.
* Remarkable heat dissipation capabilities, minimizing the risk of overheating even during intense combat situations.

'''Cons:'''

* Small magazine size, necessitating frequent reloads and strategic ammunition management.
* Adequate but not exceptional rate of fire, requiring efficient targeting and precise shots to maximize effectiveness.

== History ==


The Hotchkiss et Cie company began producing their lineage of air-cooled, gas-operated machine guns in 1894-1895 when they bought the rights to a design from an Austrian Baron. The Hotchkiss M1897 was sold on export but they would develop the gun into what was planned to be designed for the ''Armée de Terre'' (French Army). The Hotchkiss Male. 1900 was not initially adopted by the French Army who instead decided to choose the competing Puteaux Mle. 1905 which was upgraded to the Saint-Eintinne Mle. 1907 as their main machine gun. However, when World War I broke out in 1914, Manufacture d’armes d'Saint-Eintinne couldn’t keep up with the desired production, so the Armée de Terre decided to revisit the Hotchkiss and adopted it in 1914 as the [[Hotchkiss Mle 1914 (8 mm)|Hotchkiss Mle 1914]]. The design was distinct from the machine guns of the other world powers by its air-cooled design, but it was no less reliable and served as the French machine gun of choice into World War II.

Hotchkiss would continue developing the design after World War I and seeing the reliably of the action and the increasing provenance of aircraft in warfare, they proposed in the late 1920s a series in calibers ranging from 13.2 mm to 25 mm and finally 37 mm to serve in the needed role of short-range air-defense. The 13.2 mm design became the '''Hotchkiss Mle. 1929'''. The Armée de Terre did not initially adopt this Hotchkiss design either, but it was successfully exported to Japan and Italy produced the design under license as the [[Type 93 (13.2 mm)|Type 93]] and [[Breda Model 31 (13.2 mm)|Breda Model 31]] respectively. While it wasn't accepted by the army as an anti-aircraft weapon due to concerns about friendly fire, the design was strictly used as an anti-tank weapon and as a vehicle machine gun for the Calvary units. The gun got used in the intended anti-aircraft role by Marine Nationale (French Navy) on their ships for close-range air defense on their most notably their battleship ''Richelieu'' and their destroyer ''Le Terrible'' which were used by ''Forces Navales Françaises Libres'' (Free France Naval Forces) though the guns would be replaced in a 1943 refit with the [[20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)|20 mm/70 Oerlikon]] cannon as heavy machine guns were found to be ineffective anti-aircraft weapons. The guns came in both dual and quad mount variants. Some of the old navy guns were used in self-propelled mounts by the Free French Forces.

The recoil-operated design had an effective rate of 450 rounds per minute, but the practical rate of fire was closer to 250 rounds per minute due to the fact it was fed by 30-round box magazines. When France fell in June 1940, the Germans captured a number of French military equipment including the Mle. 1929 Hotchkiss which was designated the MG 271(f).

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[Type 93 (13.2 mm)]] Japanese version built under licence
* [[Breda Model 31 (13.2 mm)]] Italian version built under licence
* [[Hotchkiss Mle 1930 (13.2 mm)]] Naval quad mount in ground use

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Naval machine guns}}

[[Category:Naval machine guns]]

Hotchkiss (13.2 mm)

2023-05-18T03:34:11Z

U132382093: wrote from memory, please correct incorrect details

== Description ==

The 13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun, featuring dual turrets, serves a crucial role as an anti-aircraft gun on the K2 Frigate in War Thunder. With an ammunition capacity of 1800 rounds and a belt capacity of 30 rounds, it offers substantial firepower. Boasting a fire rate of 476 shots per minute, this weapon delivers a rapid barrage against airborne targets.

In its role as an anti-aircraft gun, the 13.2 mm Hotchkiss proves effective in defending against enemy aircraft. The dual turrets provide enhanced coverage, increasing the chances of hitting incoming aerial threats. Players commanding the K2 Frigate can rely on this potent weapon, along with the other AA guns offered to establish a protective shield in the skies, denying adversaries freedom of movement.

To optimize the potential of the 13.2 mm Hotchkiss, precise targeting and efficient ammunition management are crucial. With its impressive fire rate, players must ensure a steady supply of ammunition for sustained defensive capabilities. Careful consideration of firing intervals and reload times will help maintain uninterrupted protection against enemy aircraft.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|germ_kanonenboot_k2}}

== General info ==

The machine gun is fed by a 30-round strip, which can be loaded quickly and easily.

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Short reload time
* Slow to overheat

'''Cons:'''

* Small magazine
* Mediocre rate of fire

== History ==


The Hotchkiss et Cie company began producing their lineage of air-cooled, gas-operated machine guns in 1894-1895 when they bought the rights to a design from an Austrian Baron. The Hotchkiss M1897 was sold on export but they would develop the gun into what was planned to be designed for the ''Armée de Terre'' (French Army). The Hotchkiss Male. 1900 was not initially adopted by the French Army who instead decided to choose the competing Puteaux Mle. 1905 which was upgraded to the Saint-Eintinne Mle. 1907 as their main machine gun. However, when World War I broke out in 1914, Manufacture d’armes d'Saint-Eintinne couldn’t keep up with the desired production, so the Armée de Terre decided to revisit the Hotchkiss and adopted it in 1914 as the [[Hotchkiss Mle 1914 (8 mm)|Hotchkiss Mle 1914]]. The design was distinct from the machine guns of the other world powers by its air-cooled design, but it was no less reliable and served as the French machine gun of choice into World War II.

Hotchkiss would continue developing the design after World War I and seeing the reliably of the action and the increasing provenance of aircraft in warfare, they proposed in the late 1920s a series in calibers ranging from 13.2 mm to 25 mm and finally 37 mm to serve in the needed role of short-range air-defense. The 13.2 mm design became the '''Hotchkiss Mle. 1929'''. The Armée de Terre did not initially adopt this Hotchkiss design either, but it was successfully exported to Japan and Italy produced the design under license as the [[Type 93 (13.2 mm)|Type 93]] and [[Breda Model 31 (13.2 mm)|Breda Model 31]] respectively. While it wasn't accepted by the army as an anti-aircraft weapon due to concerns about friendly fire, the design was strictly used as an anti-tank weapon and as a vehicle machine gun for the Calvary units. The gun got used in the intended anti-aircraft role by Marine Nationale (French Navy) on their ships for close-range air defense on their most notably their battleship ''Richelieu'' and their destroyer ''Le Terrible'' which were used by ''Forces Navales Françaises Libres'' (Free France Naval Forces) though the guns would be replaced in a 1943 refit with the [[20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)|20 mm/70 Oerlikon]] cannon as heavy machine guns were found to be ineffective anti-aircraft weapons. The guns came in both dual and quad mount variants. Some of the old navy guns were used in self-propelled mounts by the Free French Forces.

The recoil-operated design had an effective rate of 450 rounds per minute, but the practical rate of fire was closer to 250 rounds per minute due to the fact it was fed by 30-round box magazines. When France fell in June 1940, the Germans captured a number of French military equipment including the Mle. 1929 Hotchkiss which was designated the MG 271(f).

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[Type 93 (13.2 mm)]] Japanese version built under licence
* [[Breda Model 31 (13.2 mm)]] Italian version built under licence
* [[Hotchkiss Mle 1930 (13.2 mm)]] Naval quad mount in ground use

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Naval machine guns}}

[[Category:Naval machine guns]]

ITP (M-1)

2023-05-18T03:21:59Z

U132382093: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=itp_m1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
|market=items_ITP (M-1) (USSR)
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Hot Tracks"]] as a reward for [[Battle Pass: Season II, "Steel Centurion"]].

"ITP" is an acronym in Russian for "heavy cannon fighter", and that is an accurate description of the ITP (M-1). As a prototype fighter from the Polikarpov design bureau, the ITP looks something like a crossing between the [[MiG-3 (Family)|MiG-3]] and [[I-185 (M-82)|I-185]]. Much like the famous [[Yak-9T]], the ITP has a powerful 37 mm cannon mounted in the propeller hub. Two additional nose-mounted 20 mm ShVAK cannons with a generous ammo supply round out its internal armament. The good flight performance allows pilots with sharp aim to swiftly tear their targets apart. The ITP is a great option for both air and mixed battles, suited for punching holes in tanks, shredding bombers, and tangling with enemy fighters. Few Soviet aircraft can boast this versatility.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,100 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 658 || 639 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.9 || 22.6 || 12.6 || 12.4 || rowspan="2" | 395
|-
! Upgraded
| 695 || 676 || 20.2 || 21.0 || 17.8 || 15.1
|-
|}

The ITP (M-1) is a fairly good all-rounder but has a number of quirks. The top speed appears impressive on the statcard, with 676 km/h at 6,100 m in Realistic Battles practically matching the [[I-185 (M-71)]] a whole battle rating above it, but most engagements will not occur that high and that speed is not practically achievable. It cannot sustain more than about 520 km/h at sea level, having to rely on its good horizontal energy retention to catch up with its targets at low altitudes. The climb rate is good. The turn rate is decent and the ITP will retain energy in turns quite well at medium speeds but suffer somewhat in low speed engagements. It has noticeable control surface compression above 500-600 km/h IAS in terms of roll rate and rudder control, but the elevator thankfully remains quite responsive; the ITP will have an easier time pulling out of a dive than any [[La-5 (Family)|La-5]].

One of the main sources of annoyance when flying the ITP (M-1) is its temperamental AM-37P engine. Soviet inline engines are not known for being easygoing to begin with, but the AM-37P is particularly prone to overheating, especially at lower altitudes. When using automatic engine control, it will begin overheating when left at 100% throttle and using WEP drives the temperature gauge into orange and often even red zones. The propeller pitch is adjustable but increasing it above 70% will cause overspeed warnings to show up and is generally not recommended. Using MEC is highly recommended to help manage the engine temperatures. To best take advantage of engine performance with MEC, keep the propeller pitch at 70% and both radiators at 100%. This will drastically prolong the time your engine stays at healthy temperatures, and allows for far more liberal usage of WEP. For colder maps, closing the radiators at 75-50% is possible. Mixture should be set to 120% from sea level to 6,000 m. The minimum fuel load of the ITP (M-1) exceeds the match time for air AB and RB battles, and the enriched mixture gives a substantial performance boost. Only when above 6,000 m should the mixture be lowered to 60%, as it starts hindering the performance of the aircraft.

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 365 || 345 || 260 || ~13 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 320 || < 250 || < 500 || > 320
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}
[[File:ITP (M-1) armor schematic.png|thumb|300px|ITP (M-1) armour diagram]]


;Armour plates

# 13 mm Steel - Rear pilot armour

Despite being heavily armed, the ITP (M-1) is hardly armoured, which is something of a trend for Polikarpov aircraft. The rear protection protects the pilot from being knocked out by rifle-calibre machine guns but is insufficient against heavy machine guns and cannons. There is no bulletproof glass in the cockpit canopy, so head-on engagements are risky, but the pilot sits rather low in the fuselage and presents a small target. Getting hit anywhere is a bad idea since the cooling systems are distributed throughout the nose and wing roots and the engine cannot tolerate much abuse. The wing-mounted fuel tanks can be ignited by enemy fire during turning engagements. However, the wing tanks and the central tanks are self-sealing (1 in each wing, 1 under the pilot and 1 under the 37 mm cannon breech).

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|SH-37 (37 mm)|ShVAK (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 37 mm SH-37 cannon, nose-mounted (50 rpg)
* 2 x 20 mm ShVAK cannons, nose-mounted (200 rpg = 400 total)

Trigger discipline heavily rewards the ITP, spraying should only be done when in doubt or necessity, as it only can count on 50 rounds for the 37 mm cannon and 2 x 200 rounds for both 20 mm cannons. Still, a burst of its armament will deal significant damage, as the 37 mm is coupled with two 20 mm ShVAK cannons, nose-mounted as well. While it performs best within ranges under 1 km from its target, its nose-mounted armaments will limit the dispersion cone. Taking the Default belt is a compromise allowing to use the cannon for any target and fill a multirole approach on the battlefield.

;SH-37

Only one HEI-T 37 mm round has to land on the enemy plane to cause significant damage, mostly instant fire or even ripping off a wing/the tail. While the Default ammunition belt is armed with both HEI-T (High-explosive Incendiary Tracer, Self Destroying- meant for air targets) and API-T (Armour-Piercing Incendiary Tracer- meant for ground, armoured targets), one can instead choose to focus on one playstyle by changing belts for the cannon: one being composed entirely of HEI-T (meaning that the ITP loses most of its capability to destroy "hard" targets, such as Medium and Light tanks, without taking any ordnance) and the other being composed entirely of API-T, meaning that shots landed on aircraft will not include the firepower of the high-explosive round. The API-T rounds are still good against aircraft, as a good shot can detonate fuel tanks, knock out engines, or tear off flight surfaces, but they might overpenetrate and pass through with minimal damage on occasion.

;ShVAK

Twin ShVAKs are common armaments for the Lavochkin fighters and they do not act any differently on the ITP (M-1). They are accurate and shoot quickly but are not very powerful. They are still important to utilize since the Sh-37 does not have a high volume of fire and smaller aircraft may be able to dodge the shots easily. The Default belt works fine against aircraft, combining an equal mix of AP-I rounds for damaging modules and igniting fuel tanks and FI-T rounds for help with aiming and applying some light explosive damage. For ground pounding, the Armoured Targets belt has a greater proportion of AP-I rounds and is capable of penetrating the turret roofs of certain vehicles. Either will do fine against open-topped vehicles. Avoid belts containing HEF rounds, as they do very little damage.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|FAB-50sv (50 kg)|FAB-100sv (100 kg)|RBS-82|RS-82}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (200 kg total)
* 4 x 50 kg FAB-50sv bombs (200 kg total)
* 8 x RS-82 rockets
* 8 x RBS-82 rockets

The ITP (M-1) has a decent selection of suspended ordnance for a Soviet single-engine fighter. The twin 100 kg bombs are generally the best option for Ground RB, as they are dropped individually and are large enough to destroy armoured targets if delivered with good accuracy. Dropping them next to or on top of enemies may require some practice since they are mounted on the wings.

The rockets are more situational. The RS-82 rockets are not very useful against ground targets since they only have small high explosive warheads. The RBS-82 rockets are very similar but have a delayed fuse allowing them to penetrate armour. A successful penetration will usually destroy a tank in one hit, but this can be difficult to accomplish since they have a low velocity and are not very accurate.

== Usage in battles ==

The ITP (M-1) is capable of fulfilling different roles on the battlefield: thanks to its nose-mounted armament, it can perform aircraft interception while also having the potential for ground attack. In aerial combat, the ITP shines at quickly disposing of enemy aircraft, relying on Boom & Run tactics in engagements. Its 37 mm cannon is what makes it so deadly: any shots landed onto any enemy plane will, most of the time, cripple it, if not outright destroy it.

The ITP is not a head-on opportunistic fighter: rather, it relies on planned Boom and Run passes, by attacking enemy fighters that are in a lower energy state, or by swooping in and destroying distracted enemies engaged in turnfight. Use of WEP should, just as its ammunition management, be limited towards maintaining speed after pulling out of a dive or a quick boost, as continuous use will quickly overheat the engine. Avoid turnfighting as the aircraft loses a considerable amount of speed in any sort of vertical manoeuvres. Rather than entering a turnfight, the ITP must maintain a high speed to quickly get away from dedicated turnfighting aircraft such as the Japanese [[Ki-43-III otsu]], a common enemy at its BR, then climb again and plan another Boom and Run pass.

When focusing entirely on a ground attack role, the ITP performs best as a dive-attacker, rather than a low-flying approach, as altitude and speed are the ITP's guarantee to survive enemy fighters tailing it.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful armament can destroy large targets with just a quick burst
* Impressive manoeuvrability, especially at higher speeds
* Versatile 37 mm cannon can load Armoured targets belts, capable of penetrating up to 60 mm of armour
* Can carry bombs and rockets, allowing it to play a CAS role in ground battles
* Great climb rate, can manage 30 degrees climb with WEP
* Powerful engine, can outrun most aircraft at its BR (<5,000 m)
* Large ammo count for the 37 mm cannon

'''Cons:'''

* Catches fire easily if damaged (liquid cooling system and fuel are located in the wings)
* The pilot is poorly protected
* Acceleration isn't very good compared to other aircraft at a similar BR
* Engine is prone to overheating
* Minimum fuel load is 30 minutes, weighing down the aircraft and reducing the manoeuvrability
* 37 mm cannon can be inaccurate if fired in prolonged bursts

== History ==

The Polikarpov ITP (Istrebitel' Tyazhely Pushechny - heavy cannon fighter) was a prototype Soviet fighter aircraft that never reached production. Designed to mount a heavy armament of 20 and 37 mm cannons, the ITP was significantly hampered by the unreliability of its powerplants, resulting in its eventual cancellation in 1944.

In 1940, the Polikarpov design bureau set out to develop a single-engined heavy fighter. The aircraft was designed to mount a 37 mm B.G. Shpitalny Sh-37 cannon with 50 rounds of ammunition, along with a pair of 20 mm ShVAK cannons with 140 rounds each. The aircraft could also carry eight RS-82 rockets underwing, or two bombs up to 100 kg each. The aircraft was built of a mixed wood and metal construction with a conventional wing and undercarriage. The aircraft could obtain a maximum speed of 655 km/h at altitude.

By the end of 1940, the primary design work had been completed. The first prototype aircraft was completed in October of 1941, and in May 1942, the aircraft flew for the first time. However, the aircraft's development was greatly hampered by the unreliability of its powerplants; the ITP prototypes flew with the M-107 and AM-39 engines, the latter achieving a maximum output of 1700 hp, yet engines frequently failed during testing. By 1944, it was evident that while the ITP was a promising design, it offered little advantage over existing Soviet fighter designs. The death of chief designer Nikolai Polikarpov in July 1944 was the final nail in the coffin, as all work on the design was subsequently stopped.

=== [[wt:en/news/7061-development-battle-pass-vehicles-itp-m-1-en|Devblog]] ===
At the end of 1940, the aircraft designer Nikolai Polikarpov came up with the initiative to create a fundamentally new combat aircraft for Soviet aviation - a fighter with heavy cannon armament, that could fulfill tasks typical for heavy fighters and attack aircraft, while possessing the flight characteristics of a light single-engine monoplane fighter. The military accepted Polikarpov's idea with interest, formulating tasks for the future aircraft, such as effective air combat, including the destruction of bombers, aerial destruction of tanks and armoured vehicles, as well as escort missions. The assembly of the first prototype began in May of 1941, however, due to the rapid offensive from the enemy towards Moscow, production had to be evacuated to Novosibirsk, Siberia, where the test unit was completed.

ITP (M-1) (ITP is for "heavy cannon fighter") was a monoplane fighter with a 1,650 hp M-107P engine, the armament of the aircraft consisted of a 37 mm Sh-37 motor-mounted gun and a pair of 20 mm ShVAK cannons. Flight tests began in February 1942, but were not fully completed due to engine problems. A little later, versions with the M-107A and the AM-37 engines were tested, on the second prototype, the 37 mm cannon was replaced with another ShVAK cannon. Work on the ITP project was interrupted due to the untimely death of the Soviet "king of fighters" in 1944.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=itp_m1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="175">
File:ITP (M-1) WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:ITP (M-1) WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:ITP (M-1) WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|9ffyPCaxp9k|'''Battle Pass Vehicles''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 03:20 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|57j2HIxn7qk|'''ITP (M-1) Seal Clubbing Review''' - ''Dimitri_Rudov''|1tNEooOmoQg|'''The BEAST Within! ITP (M-1)! - USSR - Premium Review!''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==


* [[Yak-9T]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7061-development-battle-pass-vehicles-itp-m-1-en|[Devblog] Battle Pass vehicles: ITP (M-1)]]

{{AirManufacturer Polikarpov}}
{{USSR fighters}}
{{USSR premium aircraft}}

Potez 631

2023-05-18T03:18:52Z

U132382093: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = French bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| and
| usage = other versions
| link-1 = Potez 630
| link-2 = Potez 633
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=potez_631
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French twin-engine fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.73 "Vive la France"]] along with the initial French aviation tree. Its armament features the last-ditch French effort to upgrade the aircraft before the outbreak of hostilities, equipped with 2 x 20 mm underbelly cannons and 6 wing-mounted 7.5 mm machine guns, along with a single 7.5 mm rear-facing defensive turret.

The SNCAN Potez 631 was the second production variant of the Potez 63 project, which was a project intended to provide France with modern heavy fighter capabilities and which eventually led to one of the most prolific and versatile series of combat aircraft to be built by the French aeronautical industry at the beginning of World War II. The 63 series, originally conceived in 1934, yielded not only strategic fighters but also light bombers as well as attack and reconnaissance planes, resulting in the production of more than 1,100 aircraft of different variants in the series by June 1940. This elegant aircraft remained in active service during the German occupation, and approximately 250 additional planes built in that period were used by the Luftwaffe as transport and liaison aircraft of the Vichy Air Force, the Italian Regia Aeronautica, and of the Romanian Air Force.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is a slow climber and heavy lander, with a stall speed of 138 km/h (SB, 45 min fuel, full ammunition, no bombs), but is very stable in high-speed dives and turns and can be lethal when used properly as an energy fighter. Its maximum speed is modest at 332 km/h at 4,000 m (SB, 45 min fuel, full ammunition, no bombs) but manoeuvres surprisingly well at medium and high speeds and the canopy provides excellent 360-degree visibility.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 408 || 391 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 22.4 || 23.6 || 4.1 || 4.1 || rowspan="2" | 350
|-
! Upgraded
| 453 || 430 || 19.8 || 21.0 || 12.1 || 7.4
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 346 || 329 || 240 || ~10 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 360 || < 360 || < 330 || > 320
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,400 m || 660 hp || 810 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The '''Potez 631''' has no armour and is relatively fragile, and highly vulnerable to damage from the front which makes it less-than-ideal as a high-level interceptor. There are 2 self-sealing fuel tanks; one close to each wingroot.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano 404 (20 mm)|MAC 1934 (7.5 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Hispano 404 cannons, chin-mounted (90 rpg = 180 total)
* 6 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine guns, wing-mounted (300 rpg = 1,800 total)

The cannons are arranged in the belly of the fuselage right under the pilot's seat. The machine guns are wing-mounted, three guns in each wing.

Universal ammunition belts are the preferred loadout for both weapons in most cases, although the extra armour-piercing capabilities of the ground target belt for the cannon will work effectively against both armoured ground targets and aircraft for penetrating engine blocks. A short-burst of both cannon and MG fire at convergence range will mortally wound or destroy any opponent of equivalent rank. Recommended convergence settings: 300 m for high-energy fighter engagements, 400 m for boom-and-zoom bounce tactics against fighters/bombers/attackers, 500 m for ground attack.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|№.1 (100 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 100 kg №.1 bombs (200 kg total)

The '''Potez 631''' can be armed with 2 x 100 No.1 bombs (118 kg each, with an explosive mass of 50 kg allowing for an armoured target destruction radius of 4 m) mounted under wing between the fuselage and each engine.

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|MAC 1934 (7.5 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine gun, dorsal turret (1,000 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

The '''Potez 631''' is best used as a mid- to low-altitude energy fighter. The sluggish climb, poor performance above 16,000 feet and vulnerability to frontal damage limit its effectiveness as a higher-altitude interceptor, while the stability and surprising manoeuvrability at high speeds make it ideal for diving on vulnerable targets at low altitudes and then extending away to begin the slow climb to set up for another pass. If you attract the attention of an enemy fighter, do not attempt to climb away or to execute any advanced manoeuvres such as loops or chandelles, as the Potez 631 bleeds energy at an exceptional rate in any kind of a climb. Just stay level with the throttle wide open and let the dorsal gunner ward off trailing attackers until you can safely begin a shallow climb to set up for re-engagement. Pilots with solid gunnery skills who can accurately gauge convergence distance can excel in this aircraft with six converged guns and two centreline cannons delivering a high volume of lethal ordnance to a small targeted area.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable 1 gear || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent manoeuvrability, even when compared to single-engined fighters
* Impressive offensive armament, delivering substantial firepower
* Stable at high speeds, effective dive characteristics
* Offers excellent 360-degree visibility for enhanced situational awareness
* Enhanced armament and manoeuvrability than [[Potez 630|its predecessor]]

'''Cons:'''

* The aircraft's large profile, along with the lack of armour, makes it highly vulnerable to battle damage
* Very sluggish climb rate, unimpressive max speed in level flight
* Poor energy retention in turns and especially in vertical loops
* Ineffective defensive armament for protecting against incoming attacks.
* Engine overheats when not utilising MEC
* Poor performance above 4,800 m (16,000 ft.), WEP provides no performance boost above 2,000 m

== History ==


In 1934, the French Air Ministry issued a requirement for a new twin-engine heavy fighter, capable of both day-fighter and night-fighter roles. The original Potez 630 prototype was designed to fulfil this role, while the Potez 631 was a re-engined variant of the 630 prototype. In July 1937, an initial order for 40 Potez 631 day-fighters was placed by the Air Ministry, and on August 2nd 1938, the first Potez 631 was accepted by the French Air Service. The aircraft was immediately used to re-equip units using the obsolete Les Mureaux 113 fighters then being used as night figher aircraft.

By the outbreak of the Second World War, the Air Service had 88 Potez 631 aircraft available, as well as many aircraft of other variants. The aircraft was brought into service in large numbers to replace the large numbers of [[D.500]] and M.S.225 aircraft being retired from active duty. However, as soon as the aircraft was pressed into service against the Germans, it was highly evident that the aircraft was ineffective in its role. It could barely keep up with German bombers such as the Ju 88, let alone the Bf 109 and Bf 110 fighters the aircraft was commonly fighting over the skies of France. As a result, the aircraft suffered heavy losses; the most successful squadron, F1C of the Aéronavale, managed 12 kills for 8 losses before being withdrawn from combat.

Following the French Armistice of 1940, the air force of Vichy France inherited 82 Potez 631 aircraft that had been left intact. These aircraft were mostly based in North Africa; however, many were destroyed during Operation Torch. On November 27th 1942, German forces occupied the Vichy air force bases and seized their aircraft. Around 130 Potez 630-type aircraft were taken, and many were sent to Romania for use as target tugs and trainer aircraft. The German forces also resumed production of the type, and built numerous more Potez 630 aircraft for use in transport, liaison and training roles. After the end of WWII, several Potez 631 aircraft were retained for training roles. Of these, three were recaptured examples, and served as trainers with the re-established French Air Force.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=potez_631 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|ux0UOLTLKuM|'''Potez 631 in a short flight - Simulator battl''' - ''ScAreCrOw Gaming''|FSy6IFHZv1E|'''(Arcade): Potez 631 - Full Potential''' - ''TX141''|kWHz9HkF6Lc|'''Realistic: Potez 631 [Nimble Beast]''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Potez 630]]
* [[Potez 633]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5022-development-potez-p-631-attacker-s-apprentice-en|[Devblog] Potez P.631: Attacker’s Apprentice]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/385890-potez-631/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[Wikipedia:Potez_630|[Wikipedia] Potez 630]]
* [http://all-aero.com/index.php/54-planes-p-q-e-r-s/8072-potez-63--630--631--637 <nowiki>[All-Aero]</nowiki> Potez 63 / 630 / 631 / 637]

{{AirManufacturer Potez}}
{{France twin-engine fighters and attackers}}

Tiny Tim

2023-05-18T03:14:42Z

U132382093: /* Pros and cons */

[[File:Tiny-tim-1.jpg|thumbnail|right|x250px|]]

== Description ==

[[File:WeaponImage Tiny Tim.png|thumb|left|420px|The Tiny Tim rocket (scale is approximate)]]
[[File:Tiny_Tim_sideview.png|520px|thumb|right|Side view of a {{PAGENAME}} unguided rocket.]]
{{break}}
During World War II, many attackers and dive-bomber aircraft were lost to anti-aircraft fire when attempting to bomb enemy ships. A hail of bullets and explosive shells attempted to knock these aircraft out of the sky before they could deliver their payload. In response to these challenges, the United States Navy sought to develop a weapon in which to be able to sink a ship while minimizing the threat of anti-aircraft fire to inbound aircraft. The outcome of this development resulted in the Tiny Tim anti-shipping rocket, the largest rocket produced at the time, even dwarfing the German Nebelwerfer-based [[Wfr.Gr.21|BR 21]].

To help speed up the development process of the Tiny Tim rocket, engineers scrapped together existing parts and equipment where they could to help save time. The rocket body was manufactured from 11.75 in (298 mm) used oil field pipe and available in abundance and specifically because it was the perfect size to adapt existing 500 lb (226.7 kg) semi armour-piercing bombs in the military's arsenal. Fitted with a 24-nozzle engine firing on solid rocket propellant, the 10.25 ft (312 cm) Tiny Tim could travel at 548 mph (245 m/s). Utilising its TNT warhead, it was used to take out coastal defence guns, bridges, pillboxes, tanks and was credited with sinking one Japanese ship and damaging another.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Fighters'''}}{{Specs-Link|f2g-1}}
{{Navigation-Line|F6F}}{{Specs-Link|f6f-3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|hellcat_fmk1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f6f-5_france}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f6f-5n}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f6f-5n_france}}
{{Navigation-Line|F8F}}{{Specs-Link|f8f1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f8f1b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f8f1b_france}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Twin-engine fighters'''}}{{Specs-Link|f7f3}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Jet fighters'''}}{{Specs-Link|f9f-2}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Strike aircraft'''}}{{Specs-Link|am_1_mauler}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f4u-6_au-1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f3d_1}}
{{Navigation-Line|AD-4}}{{Specs-Link|douglas_ad_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|douglas_ad_4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|douglas_ad_4_france}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|douglas_ad_4na_france}}
{{Navigation-Line|F-84}}{{Specs-Link|f-84b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-84g}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-84g_china}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-84g_italy}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-84g_france}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-84g-31-re_china}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Bombers'''}}{{Specs-Link|pv_2d}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==

[[File:Tiny_Tim_3in_armour_test.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Testing the {{PAGENAME}} rocket against a 3-inch armoured target.]]
The Tiny Tim was a massive rocket weighing around 1,285.3 lbs (583 kg) and could only effectively be carried by more stout fighters, dive-bombers and attackers/medium bombers. The 3,000 lbf (13 kN) blast from the ignition of the solid rocket propellant could damage the delivery aircraft so the rocket was modified to be dropped like a bomb, attached to the rocket was a lanyard which would snap off after the rocket dropped several feet which would initiate the rocket motor safely away from the aircraft.

Due to the size and weight of the missile, the main function as a semi-armour piercing rocket was to not explode on the surface of an object, but rather to partially burrow into the object before exploding. This would allow the warhead to penetrate the hull of a ship, the concrete of a bunker or even weaken tank armour through blunt force before exploding sending shock waves from the inside-out rather than just from the outside-inward.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | Rocket characteristics
|-
| '''Mass''' || 534 kg
|-
| '''Maximum speed''' || 274 m/s
|-
| '''Explosive mass''' || 67.36 kg TNTeq
|-
| '''Warhead type''' || SAP-HE
|-
|}

=== Effective damage ===


* Embeds into an object (brute force through the hull of a ship, reinforced concrete or tank armour)
* Delayed explosive damage
* Delayed shockwave damage

=== Comparison with analogues ===


* [[S-24]]{{-}}[[S-24B]] - Soviet rocket used on jets, has only about a third the explosive mass of the Tiny Tim, but planes can carry double to triple the amount of rockets
* [[Uncle Tom]] - British Anti-ship rocket, is slower and has less explosive mass, but is lighter
* [[Red Angel]] - Another British Anti-ship rocket, has slightly less explosive mass than the Uncle Tom, but is faster than the Tiny Tim

== Usage in battles ==


;Primary targets for Tiny Tim rockets

* Tanks
* Pillboxes
* Ships
* Bridges

[[File:Tiny_Tim_view_of_rocketmotor.png|450px|thumb|right|A {{PAGENAME}} unguided rocket mounted to a [[F6F-5N]]. Notice the detail of the rocket motor.]]

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Formidable firepower with a massive rocket that delivers a devastating impact.
* Equipped with a semi-armour-piercing warhead, making it effective against hardened targets.

'''Cons:'''

* Limited compatibility with aircraft due to its substantial size and weight.
* The weight of 534 kg imposes restrictions on the additional payloads an aircraft can carry.
* Acquiring proficiency in aiming the Tiny Tim rockets can pose a challenging learning curve.
* Caution must be exercised to avoid inadvertently damaging or destroying the host aircraft by firing the rockets at close range.

== History ==

Towards the end of World War II saw the invention of equipment and weapons intending to help spare the lives of military personnel and their equipment while still inflicting damage on the enemy. One such invention was the United States Navy's Tiny Tim rocket which could hit a ship while the attacking aircraft remained safely outside of the range of the anti-aircraft fire. The massive 1,285.3 lbs (583 kg), 10.25 ft (312 cm) TNT tipped rocket fit the bill. To expedite the manufacturing of this rocket, available resources were used. 500-lb semi armour-piercing bombs already in the inventory were fitted to used oil-well casing pipe which could be found in abundance at abandoned oil wells.

Tiny Tim saw limited service in World War II and was used in the battle of Okinawa and later during the Korean War. Targets selected included bridges, concrete reinforced pillboxes, tanks, ships and other hardened targets as the rocket specialized in embedding itself into an object before exploding causing both explosive and shock damage from within the target.

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:F-84_Tiny_Tim.JPG|Image of a {{PAGENAME}} rocket mounted on an under-wing pylon of an [[F-84 (Family)|F-84]] while stationed in Korea in 1952.
File:Tiny Tim Info pg48.png|Diagram of the {{PAGENAME}} rocket.
File:Tiny Tim Info pg49.png|Description of the {{PAGENAME}} rocket.
File:Tiny Tim Info pg50.png|Further diagram of {{PAGENAME}} rocket.
File:Tiny Tim Info pg51.png|Continued description of the {{PAGENAME}} rocket.
File:F6F_FN_and_Tiny_Tim.png|An underaircraft view of a [[F6F-5N]] carrying two {{PAGENAME}} rockets.
File:F6F_FN_firing_Tiny_Tim.png|A view of a [[F6F-5N]] firing off a {{PAGENAME}} rocket at an enemy target.
File:Tiny_Tim_shackle.png|thumb|A side view of the shackle connection of the {{PAGENAME}} rocket to the external pylon of the [[F6F-5N]]
</gallery>

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the weapon;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [http://bulletpicker.com/pdf/USNBD%20-%20US%20Rockets%20and%20Fuzes.pdf US Rockets and Fuzes - United States Navy Bomb Disposal Manual, 15 May 1945, pg. 48-51]

{{Rockets}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

6pdr OQF Mk.V (57 mm)

2023-05-18T03:10:36Z

U132382093: /* Pros and cons */

== Description ==

The 57 mm 6pdr OQF Mk.V is the tank-mounted version of the 6pdr OQF Mk.IV anti-tank gun, and as with the Mk.IV it features the longer L/50 barrel length. For this reason it has slightly better velocity and penetration to its close sibling the [[6pdr OQF Mk.III (57 mm)|6pdr OQF Mk.III]]. The gun features excellent reload speed and good ballistic properties, but as with most British guns will lack HE filler in their AP ammunition.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|uk_armored_car_aec_mk_2}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_a_22b_mk_3_churchill_1942}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_fairmile_lcs_l_h_mk2}}
* {{Specs-Link|germ_infanterie_kampfpanzer_churchill}}

== General info ==

The 6pdr exhibits exceptional firing speed, remarkable accuracy, and impressive velocity. However, its lower calibre and the absence of HE filler in its armour-piercing shells require a strategic and precise approach to fully exploit its potential in inflicting maximum damage to the internal components of your adversaries.

=== Available ammunition ===


{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|Shot Mk.8, Shot Mk.5 HV, Shot Mk.9, Shell Mk.10}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

The gun is similar to the Soviet 57 mm guns and can be played similarly, but the Soviet 57 mm uses ammunition with greater amounts of propellant and as such has better penetration and velocity in general, your advantage over this is a slightly faster reload.

== Usage in battles ==

The gun is low calibre and low damage but features good handling, reload speed and penetration for the battle rating it is found at.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The weapon exhibits an impressive reloading rate, allowing for more efficient engagements and quicker follow-up shots.
* The rounds fired from the weapon travel at a commendable speed, enhancing accuracy and reducing the time it takes for projectiles to reach the target, resulting in a lower requirement to account for the lead of the target
* The weapon's handling characteristics are noteworthy, offering ease of manoeuvrability and control during engagements.

'''Cons:'''

* Unfortunately, the weapon lacks armor-piercing (AP) shells that incorporate explosive filler. This limits its effectiveness against heavily armored targets, requiring precise shots to inflict significant damage.
* The weapon's calibre is relatively low, which restricts its penetration capabilities and may reduce the overall damage potential against certain opponents.

== History ==

The 6-pounder Ordnance QF Mark V was a tank-mounted variant of the British anti-tank gun. Budget cuts in the British Army during the Great Depression required a level of standardization where British tanks had to use the same weapons as the Royal Artillery anti-tank regiments. The [[6pdr OQF Mk.III (57 mm)|6pdr OQF Mk.III]] was an earlier application of this rule with the 6-pounder Mark II simply being mounted in a tank such as the [[Crusader III]]. However, after the development of the 6-pounder Mark IV with a single baffle muzzle brake and a longer L/50 barrel, the new gun was fitted into tanks such as the [[Churchill III]] and even some armoured cars such as the [[AEC Mk II]] as the Mark V. To provide anti-tank support for infantry during beach assaults, the Fairmille H mounted the turret from tanks such as the Churchill III, creating the [[Fairmile H LCS(L)(2)]] which used the 6-pounder Mark V also. The 6-pounder was eventually phased out for the [[OQF Mk.V (75 mm)|OQF Mk.V]] which was re-chambered to use American 75 mm ammunition, and later the more powerful [[QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|QF 17-pounder]] during the later stages of the war.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[6pdr 7cwt QF Mk IIA (57 mm)]] - naval gun with shorter barrel.
* [[6pdr OQF Mk.III (57 mm)]] - tank gun with shorter barrel.

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany tank cannons}}
{{Britain tank cannons}}
{{Britain naval cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]
[[Category:Naval cannons]]

6pdr OQF Mk.V (57 mm)

2023-05-18T03:04:37Z

U132382093: /* General info */

== Description ==

The 57 mm 6pdr OQF Mk.V is the tank-mounted version of the 6pdr OQF Mk.IV anti-tank gun, and as with the Mk.IV it features the longer L/50 barrel length. For this reason it has slightly better velocity and penetration to its close sibling the [[6pdr OQF Mk.III (57 mm)|6pdr OQF Mk.III]]. The gun features excellent reload speed and good ballistic properties, but as with most British guns will lack HE filler in their AP ammunition.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|uk_armored_car_aec_mk_2}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_a_22b_mk_3_churchill_1942}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_fairmile_lcs_l_h_mk2}}
* {{Specs-Link|germ_infanterie_kampfpanzer_churchill}}

== General info ==

The 6pdr exhibits exceptional firing speed, remarkable accuracy, and impressive velocity. However, its lower calibre and the absence of HE filler in its armour-piercing shells require a strategic and precise approach to fully exploit its potential in inflicting maximum damage to the internal components of your adversaries.

=== Available ammunition ===


{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|Shot Mk.8, Shot Mk.5 HV, Shot Mk.9, Shell Mk.10}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

The gun is similar to the Soviet 57 mm guns and can be played similarly, but the Soviet 57 mm uses ammunition with greater amounts of propellant and as such has better penetration and velocity in general, your advantage over this is a slightly faster reload.

== Usage in battles ==

The gun is low calibre and low damage but features good handling, reload speed and penetration for the battle rating it is found at.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good reload speed
* Good velocity
* Good gun handling

'''Cons:'''

* No AP shells with explosive filler
* Low calibre

== History ==

The 6-pounder Ordnance QF Mark V was a tank-mounted variant of the British anti-tank gun. Budget cuts in the British Army during the Great Depression required a level of standardization where British tanks had to use the same weapons as the Royal Artillery anti-tank regiments. The [[6pdr OQF Mk.III (57 mm)|6pdr OQF Mk.III]] was an earlier application of this rule with the 6-pounder Mark II simply being mounted in a tank such as the [[Crusader III]]. However, after the development of the 6-pounder Mark IV with a single baffle muzzle brake and a longer L/50 barrel, the new gun was fitted into tanks such as the [[Churchill III]] and even some armoured cars such as the [[AEC Mk II]] as the Mark V. To provide anti-tank support for infantry during beach assaults, the Fairmille H mounted the turret from tanks such as the Churchill III, creating the [[Fairmile H LCS(L)(2)]] which used the 6-pounder Mark V also. The 6-pounder was eventually phased out for the [[OQF Mk.V (75 mm)|OQF Mk.V]] which was re-chambered to use American 75 mm ammunition, and later the more powerful [[QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|QF 17-pounder]] during the later stages of the war.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[6pdr 7cwt QF Mk IIA (57 mm)]] - naval gun with shorter barrel.
* [[6pdr OQF Mk.III (57 mm)]] - tank gun with shorter barrel.

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany tank cannons}}
{{Britain tank cannons}}
{{Britain naval cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]
[[Category:Naval cannons]]

A-4E (Israel)

2023-05-11T01:46:08Z

U132382093: grammar

{{About
| about = strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = A-4 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=a_4e_late_iaf
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|StoreImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|store=10591
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced as a [[wt:en/news/7383-development-israel-a-new-gaming-nation-coming-to-war-thunder-en|premium pack]] in [[Update "Ground Breaking"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The A-4E has a really decent speed for its BR but loses a great amount of energy at every turn. It accelerates modestly well and is able to reach up to Mach 1.14 in a dive without breaking the wings. Flaps are automatically deployed, so if you set the flaps to landing, it won't deploy them until is safe to do so. This only works if the flaps are not already deployed, if so, it won't retract flaps and you will break them if over speeds of 400+ km/h. The aircraft is capable of maintaining 8 Gs in a turn, but it will overload if a higher turn is made. It is very easy to break the wings pulling hard turns, either negative or positive Gs. With a full load of fuel and a heavy bomb loadout wings become way weaker: any slight turn in negative Gs will overload and break the wings.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,067 || 1,058 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 37.9 || 39.1 || 26.7 || 26.1 || rowspan="2" | 900
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,095 || 1,081 || 36.3 || 37.0 || 53.0 || 39.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,167  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 592 || 562 || 410 || ~8 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 450 || < 700 || < 490 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Pratt & Whitney J52-P-8A || 1
| colspan="2" | 5,049 kg || colspan="3" | 311 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 11m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 39m fuel
|-
| 950 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 5,789 kg || 6,292 kg || 6,913 kg || 7,517 kg || 11,113 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 11m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 39m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,754 kgf || N/A
| 0.65 || 0.60 || 0.54 || 0.50 || 0.34
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 3,754 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.65 || 0.60 || 0.54 || 0.50 || 0.34
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Cross}} || {{Cross}} || {{Cross}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|DEFA 553 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 2 x 30 mm DEFA 553 cannons, belly-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)
** 2 x 30 mm DEFA 553 cannons + 60 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|LDGP Mk 81 (250 lb)|LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|M117 cone 45 (750 lb)|LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)}}
{{main|AGM-62A Walleye I ER (510 kg)|GBU-8 (2,000 lb)|AIM-9B Sidewinder}}
{{main|Mk 77 mod 4 incendiary|FFAR Mighty Mouse|Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP|Mk 11 mod 5 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance presets:

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 171 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 36 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 20 x 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs (5,000 lb total)
* 14 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (7,000 lb total)
* 3 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (2,250 lb total)
* 5 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (5,000 lb total)
* 1 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bomb (2,000 lb total)
* 9 x Mk 77 mod 4 incendiary bombs
* 2 x 510 kg AGM-62A Walleye I ER bombs (1,020 kg total)
* 1 x 2,000 lb GBU-8 bomb (2,000 lb total)
* 3 x 20 mm Mk 11 mod 5 cannons (750 rpg = 2,250 total)

==== Custom loadout options ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="9%" | 1 !! width="9%" | 2 !! width="9%" | 3 !! width="9%" | 4 !! width="9%" | 5
| rowspan="14" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_A-4E_Early.png]]</div>
|-
! 20 mm Mk 11 mod 5 cannons (750 rpg)
| || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs
| 1 || 6 || 6 || 6 || 1
|-
! 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs
| 1 || 3 || 6 || 3 || 1
|-
! 510 kg AGM-62A Walleye I ER bombs
| || 1 || || 1 ||
|-
! 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs
| || 1 || 3 || 1 ||
|-
! 2,000 lb GBU-8 bombs
| || || 1 || ||
|-
! 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs
| || || 1 || ||
|-
! Mk 77 mod 4 incendiary bombs
| 1 || 2 || 3 || 2 || 1
|-
! FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
| 19 || 38 || 57 || 38 || 19
|-
! Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
| 4 || 8 || 12 || 8 || 4
|-
! AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
| 1 || || || || 1
|-
| colspan="6" | Maximum permissible weight: 2,710 kg Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 900 kg
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


;Simulator battles

Ground attack - With its large payload options and capability, the A-4E is very capable at ground attack or base bombing. The AGM-62A Walleye bombs have a tremendous advantage of stand-off bombing, while you only get roughly 2,000 lbs of explosives in the loadout, dropping from high altitudes (24+ km / 8,000+ ft) at a speed nearing Mach 0.8 can have the AGM-62A with some practice traveling beyond 8 km (5 mi) to a target. The 30 mm DEFA cannons are phenomenal in accuracy, ammo count, and stopping power. However, with the plane being nose heavy, your angle of attack is extremely high at low speeds, which can lead to slam into the ground when trying to strafe ground targets with guns.

Air combat - In a dogfight, the A-4E can hold its own if kept above 800 km/h IAS (500 mph). If you drop below this air speed, your angle of attack increases dramatically since the plane is nose heavy. Combined with the rather weak engine, this creates a situation of high drag low thrust, meaning you will not be able to recover your air speed during the engagement. The A-4E's wings will start to lose lift in a high G pull around 480 km/h IAS (300 mph). Therefore, your best bet is to avoid turnfighting at all costs.

This plane is an attacker and excels at it, with its ordnance. But only in extreme measures could the A-4E be flown as a fighter.

Trim-wise the A-4E is all over the place: it does not like to settle. You will find yourself from a 25-30% elevator trim at 400 km/h IAS (250 mph ) to a 5% trim at 800 km/h IAS (500 mph). At roughly 840-880 km/h IAS (525-550 mph), the plane becomes stable (meaning +1% or -1% trim). This can make newer pilots to the plane feel like they are overworking in this plane as it requires a very attentive pilot.

The goal in this plane is to attack ground and keep the 15-minute timer constantly going. You can do this by taking 2 Walleyes with you and destroying 2 tanks or pillboxes. You can also do this by loading 7,000 lbs of bombs and bombing a base, or by strapping on 171 mighty mouse rockets and strafing a ship. All these methods will net the same profit as in SB, more money is earned from passive income than from useful actions.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Payload is extremely high and well balanced allowing you to tailor your gameplay and loadout to the situation at hand
* AGM-62A guide bomb allows a knowledgeable pilot to strike a target while miles away
* RWR, flares and chaff increase your survivability
* 30 mm DEFA have high accuracy, stopping power, and ammo count
* Carrying 2 x AIM-9B air-to-air allows for some offensive behaviour
* The plane carries enough payload to take out a full base or convoy in a single pass
* Good roll rate
* Fair acceleration (especially good at low speeds)
* Very low stall speed

'''Cons:'''

* In SB, the seating position is very low. Without manual adjustment it will feel like you are sitting in a bath tub
* In SB, the rear visibility is not great
* In SB, the pilot will have to constantly be at the controls due to the wild changes in pitch and lift the plane experiences
* Turning requires a high angle of attack which bleeds airspeed extremely quickly
* The plane performs worse in a sustained Rate Fight compared to its main adversaries far out-performing the aircraft
* The plane has a tendency to rip its wings if forced to withstand 10 Gs or more for extended periods of time

== History ==

Israel had been interested in purchasing American combat planes ever since its inception in 1948, but rocky relations with the US resulted in the Americans refusing the vast majority of proposals over several decades. 1965 saw the first approval of a major deal for American combat jets, in which Israel would (initially) receive 48 A-4H Skyhawks. Due to lingering American reluctance to sell high-end military equipment to Israel at the time, the A-4H was actually a stripped-down variant of the A-4F (itself an improvement of the [[A-4E Early|A-4E]]), removing several key abilities from the aircraft: It had no ability to fire AAMs, had a downgraded bombing sight, and could only carry a limited variety of air-to-ground weaponry.

The Israeli Air Force named the aircraft ''Ayit'' (Eagle), and very quickly restored all of its missing functionalities - while also adding several new features that had never been present in any of the American models. It regained the ability to fire AAMs, and was now capable of firing heat-seeking AAMs - previously unavailable to any A-4 model. Israel also installed improved avionics, a French DEFA 30 mm twin autocannon (to replace the American Colt 20 mm), equipment for the launching of precision-guided munitions, and an extended jet pipe that decreased the aircraft's vulnerability to heat-seeking SAMs.

The A-4H Skyhawks quickly replaced the [[Mystere (Family)|Dassault Mystère]] to become Israel's primary ground-attack aircraft during the late 1960s. Skyhawks participated heavily in the War of Attrition (1968-1970). One ''Ayit'' even managed to shoot down a Syrian [[MiG-17]] using unguided rockets.

The impressive performance of the A-4H eventually led Israel to purchase a large number of them, including several dozen "classic" A-4Es that had previously served in the US Navy. These A-4Es quickly received upgrades to match the A-4Hs in performance. In total, Israel purchased over 250 Skyhawks, becoming the world's leading importer of the aircraft. A-4H Skyhawks continued on to serve in the 1973 Yom Kippur War, the 1982 Lebanon War, and in many later Israeli operations. During the 1970s they were gradually replaced by the [[F-4 Phantom II (Family)|F-4 Phantom II]] and later the F-16. While most of the A-4H Skyhawks were eventually sold to Indonesia, many others remained in service as training aircraft until 2015.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=a_4e_late_iaf Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[A-4 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7383-development-israel-a-new-gaming-nation-coming-to-war-thunder-en|[Devblog] Israel, a new gaming nation coming to War Thunder!]]

{{AirManufacturer Douglas}}
{{Israel jet aircraft}}
{{Israel premium aircraft}}

P-51A

2023-05-05T00:34:06Z

U132382093: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = American fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = P-51 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=p-51a_tl
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_p-51a_tl.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} American fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was a special vehicle offered during the [[wt:en/news/3480--en|2015 Thunder League]] as a reward for completing five Air challenges. The P-51A comes with a high-powered engine and with four 12.7 mm Browning machine guns.

A faster, but lesser armed successor to the [[P-51]], best used as air-superiority fighter utilizing [[BnZ]] tactics. The [[A-36]] is the up-gunned attacker variant featuring ground ordnance.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

"The Need for Speed" is a worthy credo for all [[P-51 (Family)|Mustangs]]. This initial iteration boasts a significant speed advantage over all [[:Category:Second rank aircraft|Rank II]] aircraft, but sacrifices are obvious. On the upside, the good maximum velocity greatly benefits the energy retention coming out of dives and for staying out of trouble.

This version features the Allison V-1710-81 Engine with improved performance at altitude at a small cost to horsepower output on the ground. However it is also, by a small margin, the lightest variant and more aerodynamic, off-setting this loss.

Manoeuvrability is nothing to write home about (except roll-rate), especially without speed to burn. The control surfaces lock up at high speeds which makes the Mustang a comparatively agile fighter when initiating combat, but this is quickly lost. Fortunately the combat flaps have a very high speed tolerance and greatly benefit it in dogfights. Overall the P-51 likes to bleed speed in manoeuvres and the lost energy cannot be easily regained. For another downside is the sluggish acceleration which further causes a low rate of climb. Managing both disadvantage is the Ace's true skill for this elite [[Boom & Run|Boom and Run]] fighter. However this is for an altitude range up to 4,000 m (13,000 ft). High altitude performance suffers which in combat, due the slow climb rate, is rarely reached anyway.

Thus all engagements, may they be ''Boom & Zoom'' or ''Boom & Run'' style, should be performed below said altitudes.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,170 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 627 || 612 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.2 || 22.0 || 11.3 || 11.3 || rowspan="2" | 370
|-
! Upgraded
| 712 || 668 || 19.1 || 20.0 || 26.0 || 15.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 652 || 520 || 279 || ~12 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 550 || < 230 || < 550 || > 360
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

While the Mustang looks quite defensive on first glance, it is a deceptive one. The fuel tanks are wing-mounted and prone to fires (the D-series has got an inline one). The very small engine cowl plate could just as well be absent. Both issues combined leave many pilots a gliding and/or burning example of why to avoid bomber's defensive fire. The P-51's prime form of defence is speed. As a ''Boom & Run'' fighter, avoiding air-drag inducing bullet holes by not getting hit is a far preferable option anyway. Whilst setting up another attack (a.k.a. retreating from combat) the very generous backseat armour will absorb any stray shots. In general the pilot's survivability is great.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (350 rpg inner + 280 outer = 1,260 total)

In terms of weapons, there aren't many to speak of. Nearly all US fighters from this point on feature at least six M2 Brownings. Thus the burst mass is quite light. A detriment for quick attack passes. Use the tracer belt or the omnipurpose belts, as they contain the most incendiary bullets. For Realistic and Simulator battles the ammo count is quite miniscule, controlled bursts are in order.
== Usage in battles ==


The start of each battle can be quite similar, thus in general proceed as follows: WEP and climb until you are higher than most enemy aircraft. Then proceed to destroy fighters. Do NOT turn fight with any aircraft except for bombers, though the latter is an ill-advised target with the lack of heavy firepower. If someone is on your tail, proceed in a shallow dive. The plane<nowiki>'</nowiki>s exceptional top speed should allow it to outrun almost everything. Note that while this Mustang variant features improved high altitude ability, it is still not comparable to true altitude fighters like the [[MiG-3 (Family)|MiG-3]].

In Arcade Battles the option for in-air reloads may tempt the pilot to spray & pray and dump all the ammunition. However, a more deliberate and aimed approach is often more succesful. Waiting outside a furball or dogfight for the right moment to intercept is key. Due to the lack of climb rate and firepower bombers should not be sought out. In general the P-51 plays akin to the [[He 100 D-1|He-100]].

In Realistic Battles the combat role is a tricky game. Lacking climb rate and good high altitude performance the Mustang pilot needs to wait for the combat to come down to about 4,000 m (13,000 ft). Climbing should be done away from the expected combat zone (a.k.a. side-climbing) . At this point initial combat should be Boom & Run, utilizing the superior top speed to avoid combat while the enemy is focused on other team mates. Once the hostiles have dropped to a lower altitude Boom & Zooming can be engaged in. With only four HMGs and 1260 rounds, ammo can run sparse after three kills. Keep to 30 min of fuel minimum and returning to base will be a rare occurrence. Overall this is a support fighter, as in the current climbing meta engagements against higher flying interceptor-fighters are often deadly, as the Mustang then lacks the critical ability to choose the time of engagement.

Simulator Battles is where the P-51A truly shines. Flying at top speed with military rated power (100%) keeps the engine cool and enemies usually far away at one<nowiki>'</nowiki>s tail. Most of all combat happens slightly below the Mustang's preferred altitude and the cockpit view is great, albeit with limited rearward view. Only the lack of acceleration in prolonged dogfights is a trap that even experienced pilots still fall into. An emergency dive to top speed will however fix this, if the pilot remembered to keep some altitude. And one should, for the greatest advantage is the ability to disengage any unfavourable battle and like with many things, the early Mustangs do not disappoint.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Extremely fast in level flight or in a dive
* Gets access to the late-war .50 cal belts
* Little lock-up at high speeds
* Hard to rip wings

'''Cons:'''

* Not very manoeuvrable
* Only four Browning HMGs
* Fast engine overheating
* No payload options
* Poor climbing when compared to common adversaries

== History ==


=== Development ===
The US Army placed an order for 1,200 P-51A Mustangs (designated as NA-99 by North American) in August 1942. The P-51A was the highest performing fighter aircraft of the US Army Air Force (USAAF) at the time, when below 22,000 feet. The P-51A Mustang was an improved version of the P-51 Mustang.

=== Design ===
The P-51A was powered by the Allison V-1710-81 engine, rated at 1,200 hp. The V-1710-81 had increased power when compared to the V-1710-39 which was used by the earlier P-51. A 3-bladed Curtiss 10 feet 6 inch propeller. This gave the P-51A a top speed of 390 mph at 22,000 feet and a service ceiling of 31,500 feet.

Unlike the A-36 Apache variant of the Mustang, the P-51A was designed purely as a fighter rather than as a ground attack aircraft. As such, no dive brakes were fitted. Two under-wing pylons were mounted with the capability of carrying bombs or drop tanks. The maximum weight of the P-51A was an increased 10,600 lbs, while the average load was 8,600 lbs.

On internal fuel only, the P-51A had a range of 750 miles at 300 mph. With two 125 gallon drop tanks mounted the range was increased to 2,000 miles (while at reduced power).

=== Testing and Production ===
The P-51A first flew in February 1943, with deliveries beginning in March of the same year. They were delivered with olive drab paint on the upper portions and grey paint on the underside.

Because of the introduction of Merlin-powered Mustangs, the order of 1,200 P-51A was cancelled after only 310 were completed. Of the 310 P-51As, 50 were given to the RAF as the Mustang Mk II and 35 were converted to the F-6B unarmed reconnaissance variant. The combat variants spanned from the P-51A-1-NA to the P-51A-10-NA. The serials were 43-6003 through 43-6312.

'''Service'''

The P-51A was used heavily in the China/Burma/India theater (CBI), seeing service until 1945 - long after improved variants had entered service.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=p-51a_tl Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/287346-north-american-p-51a-1-tl/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{USA fighters}}
{{USA premium aircraft}}

120 mm/50 O.T.O. Mod.1936 (120 mm)

2023-05-05T00:31:54Z

U132382093: /* Pros and cons */

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|it_destroyer_soldati_serie1}}
* {{Specs-Link|it_destroyer_soldati_serie1_camicianera}}
* {{Specs-Link|it_destroyer_soldati_serie1_geniere}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 1,000 m !! 2,500 m !! 5,000 m !! 7,500 m !! 10,000 m !! 15,000 m
|-
| 120 mm HE Dirompente || HE || 21 || 21 || 21 || 21 || 21 || 21
|-
| 120 mm APCBC Perforante || APHEBC || 183 || 144 || 96 || 66 || 47 || 37
|-
| 120 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea || HE-TF || 21 || 21 || 21 || 21 || 21 || 21
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (s)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (kg)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 120 mm HE Dirompente || HE || 950 || 22.8 || 0 || 0.1 || 1.63 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 120 mm APCBC Perforante || APHEBC || 950 || 23.49 || 0.025 || 6 || 1.3 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| 120 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea || HE-TF || 950 || 22.8 || 0 || 0.1 || 1.63 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

* Very low rate of fire which results in overeliance of the secondary guns by players of the ships which this weapon is used on

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy naval cannons}}

[[Category:Naval cannons]]

F-104S

2023-05-05T00:23:29Z

U132382093: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = Italian jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = F-104 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f-104s
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_f-104s.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]].

The F-104S is an Italian supersonic interceptor based on the American [[F-104 (Family)|Lockheed F-104 "Starfighter"]] series. The external appearance is much the same besides the additional ventral fins, but as the final variant of the Starfighter family, it boasts the best speed and payload capacity of any F-104. It can be used as a high-speed ground attacker with a sizeable load of assorted bombs and rockets. Alternatively, it can be a deadly interceptor if equipped with air-to-air missiles. Unique among Starfighters is its ability to carry a pair of AIM-7E Sparrow semi-active radar homing missiles, the same variant used by the [[F-4E Phantom II]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The sleek and missile-like Starfighters are known for having excellent speed, climb rate, and acceleration, and the F-104S is no exception. Its J79-GE-19 engine has the highest thrust of all F-104 variants by a large margin: optimal thrust on afterburner is about 22% greater than the J79-GE-11 used by the [[F-104G]]. The F-104S will have few issues with outrunning or outclimbing its opponents. But this performance comes at the cost of very poor manoeuvrability, which has not been improved on this variant. The tiny wings and long body make for awful low-speed handling and there is only so much that the combat flaps can do to improve the turn rate. Avoid turning engagements when at all possible. That said, its handling at supersonic speeds is not so poor. Hard turns tend to bleed speed due to the low aspect ratio of the wings. The roll rate is good overall, which helps in defensive manoeuvres.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 15,240 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,344 || 2,316 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 34.5 || 34.7 || 225.5 || 216.5 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,431 || 2,387 || 33.5 || 34.0 || 297.4 || 260.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,527  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 827 || 444 || ~12 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 720 || < 950 || < 800 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | General Electric J79-GE-19 || 1
| colspan="2" | 6,850 kg || colspan="3" | 565 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 9m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 32m fuel
|-
| 1,740 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 7,722 kg || 8,645 kg || 9,543 kg || 9,758 kg || 13,110 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 9m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 32m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 4,992 kgf || 7,688 kgf
| 1.00 || 0.89 || 0.80 || 0.79 || 0.59
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 5,044 kgf (1,200 - 1,400 km/h) || 10,253 kgf (1,200 km/h)
| 1.33 || 1.18 || 1.07 || 1.05 || 0.78
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The F-104S is not equipped with any armour plating, and is therefore rather vulnerable to enemy fire, especially given the fact that most enemies at this rank sport high-calibre cannons. Taking any critical damage in the F-104S will almost instantly cripple it, to the point where you will have to fly back to base, or be a sitting duck for the enemy team. Taking a critical hit to the fuselage will disable you so badly you won't be able to reach supersonic speeds, which is your greatest advantage. The same goes for taking any sort of wing damage or tail damage: it will instantly result in a huge amount of drag on the airframe, reducing your already poor energy retention in manoeuvres making you an easy target to pick off from afar and in effective gun range. Lastly, the engine is a massive target for guns and missiles alike. Having a slightly orange engine will effectively put you out of the fight. And with the already heavy weight of the F-104S, you require the engine power to stay in the fight.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The most important modules to research are the ''Flares/Chaff'' modification, alongside the ''AIM-9B'' and ''AIM-9J'' air-to-air missiles. The ''Flight performance'' modifications also capitalize on this vehicle's speed advantage, while the missiles greatly increase its ability to do damage to the enemy, and along with its countermeasures, it gives you great breathing space against advanced missiles such as [[R-60]]s, [[Matra R550 Magic 2|Matra Magic]]s, and even the occasional, but dangerous [[PL-5B]] and [[AIM-9L_Sidewinder|AIM-9L]]s.

Some modifications that may be saved for last are the ''G-suit'', ''Offensive 20 mm'', and ''New 20 mm cannons'', as well as the modifications that allow the plane to equip bombs.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** Without offensive armament
** 60 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|LDGP Mk 81 (250 lb)|LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|M117 cone 45 (750 lb)|LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)}}
{{main|AIM-7E Sparrow|AIM-9B Sidewinder|AIM-9J Sidewinder|M61A1 (20 mm)}}
{{main|BLU-1 incendiary|FFAR Mighty Mouse|Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance presets:

* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon (750 rpg)
* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon + 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon + 2 x AIM-9J Sidewinder missiles
* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon + 6 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon + 6 x AIM-9J Sidewinder missiles
* 2 x AIM-7E Sparrow missiles
* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon + 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon + 8 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon + 6 x 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon + 7 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (3,500 lb total)
* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon + 7 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (5,250 lb total)
* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon + 3 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon + 1 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bomb (2,000 lb total)
* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon + 7 x BLU-1 incendiary bombs

The M61A1 Vulcan is a powerful gatling cannon that may be a fun surprise to Italian pilots. A quick and accurate burst can send targets into flames and the incredible rate of fire allows for some spray-and-pray, which is especially helpful considering how difficult it can be to get guns on target in this aircraft. But it has several drawbacks: first, the gun needs to spool up momentarily before it will fire, and second, the ammunition supply of 750 rounds will be depleted in no time if fired continuously. The former makes tap firing the gun to conserve ammunition a difficult affair but the latter means that holding down the trigger is not optimal either—certainly an awkward situation! New pilots can be afford to be somewhat more trigger-happy as they get used to the gun.

The F-104S has a very wide range of ordnance. For attacking ground targets, the bombs and rockets should be adequate.The largest individual bomb the F-104S can carry is 2,000 lbs, sufficient for clearing out a capture zone in mixed battles. Two types of rockets are available, 70 mm FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets and 130 mm Zuni rockets. The FFARs have a decent penetration of 290 mm but have small warheads with relatively low post-penetration damage. The Zunis are more potent but only 8 can be carried.

Thanks to the custom loadouts, it is possible to make a extremely diverse ordnance loadouts, and the {{PAGENAME}} is capable of carrying in the range of 3,700 kgs of bombs, rockets and missiles, and even with a ballistic computer assistance for all weapons, but with the cost of getting extremely and dangerously heavy and slow.

In the air-to-air missile department, the F-104S has access to AIM-9B and AIM-9J Sidewinders. The AIM-9B is disappointing at the F-104S's battle rating and is easily dodged or spoofed by a target who spots it coming. The AIM-9J, on the other hand, is one of the best IR missiles in the game, with good flight characteristics and high resistance to flares. They are very hard to dodge when launched correctly, even with efficient use of countermeasures. The F-104S can carry up to 6 of them, a record number of missiles for a Starfighter. The other option is the AIM-7E Sparrow, of which 2 can be carried, but cannot be taken in conjunction with the cannon. It requires a continuous radar lock to guide and will not work well at close distances or when looking towards the ground, but has very good range and can be fired at a target at any aspect.

Unlike the F-104G models available to [[F-104G|Germany]] and [[F-104G (China)|China]], the F-104S cannot carry guided air-to-ground missiles.

==== Custom loadout options ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="4%" | 1 !! width="4%" | 2 !! width="4%" | 3 !! width="4%" | 4 !! width="4%" | 5 !! width="4%" | 6 !! width="4%" | 7 !! width="4%" | 8 !! width="4%" | 9 !! width="4%" | 10
| rowspan="14" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_F-104S.ASA.png]]</div>
|-
! 20 mm M61A1 cannons (750 rpg)
| || || || || || 1 || || || ||
|-
! 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs
| || || 1 || || 1 || || || 1 || ||
|-
! 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs
| || || || || 1 || || || || ||
|-
! BLU-1 incendiary bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
| || 19 || 19 || || || || || 19 || 19 ||
|-
! Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
| || 4 || || || || || || || 4 ||
|-
! AIM-7E Sparrow missiles
| || 1 || || || || || || || 1 ||
|-
! AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
| 1 || 1 || || 1 || || || 1 || || 1 || 1
|-
! AIM-9J Sidewinder missiles
| 1 || 1 || || 1 || || || 1 || || 1 || 1
|-
| colspan="11" | Maximum permissible loadout weight: 3,400 kg Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 500 kg
|-
| colspan="12" | * AIM-7E Sparrow missiles cannot be equipped in conjunction with the 20 mm M61A1 cannon.
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The F-104S does one thing extremely well: speed. This is the vehicle's greatest advantage, and can be used to great effect if the pilot is careful about choosing which engagements to pursue. It is recommended to keep up a high air-speed at all times, which will allow the F-104S to swoop in and out of the combat zone while evading powerful enemy missiles with its countermeasures and using its high speed to outrun enemy air-to-air missiles in certain situations. Countermeasures also help evade missiles if the {{PAGENAME}} find itself at low speed or other unforeseen circumstances where an enemy plane is able to get a jump on the {{PAGENAME}}.

However, the F-104S struggles with manoeuvrability. With such small wings, it simply can't produce the lift necessary to throw itself around the sky, and therefore has a very poor turning circle. This means that any turning engagement is most likely futile, and also re-emphasises the utility of a boom and zoom playstyle.

When used in conjunction with its speed, the available armaments really allow the F-104S to shine. The AIM-9Js, already difficult to dodge with their decent manoeuvrability, become nigh-on impossible to avoid when launched at supersonic speeds, particularly against much slower targets. With 6 of these missiles available, the pilot can be a little less frugal than would be the case with other aircraft. The AIM-7E Sparrows can also be a welcome addition in a high-altitude, long-range, all-aspect engagement, or the extremely accurate and powerful M61A1 Vulcan cannon can be used instead for quick head-ons and to mop any remaining opponents at close-range.

=== Radars ===

The F-104S is equipped with an NASARR search and tracking radar. The radar is mounted in the nose of the aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | NASARR - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
| 37,000 m (theoretical) || 18,000 m || ±45.0° || ±43.0°
|-
! colspan="4" | NASARR - Target Tracking Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 18,500 m || 150 m || ±10.0° || ±10.0°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good top speed for its rank
* Great rate of climb
* Powerful M61 cannon with high fire rate, damage and velocity
* Significantly wider variety of payload options than early F-104s
* Good roll rate
* Can carry a total of six potent AIM-9Js or four AIM-9J and two AIM-7E missiles
* Has the ability to equip countermeasures like the F-104G and ASA, being extremely important at this rank for a F-104

'''Cons:'''

* Can only use either the M61 cannon or the AIM-7E missiles at once, not both
* Very poor overall manoeuvrability and terrible manoeuvrability at low speeds
* Bleeds off airspeed quickly in sustained turns
* Only 750 rounds of cannon ammo, trigger discipline is a must
* No air-to-ground missiles
* Despite being the fastest variant of the F-104, many planes in uptiers can follow and outrun the F-104
* Relatively warm engines allow for easy Infrared missile lockon.

== History ==


The Lockheed F-104 Starfighter was a supersonic jet fighter known for its distinctive appearance, described as a "missile with a man in it". At the time of its introduction in 1958 with the US Air Force as an interceptor, the F-104 set multiple performance records and was the first production fighter capable of flying at twice the speed of sound. Flaws of the design included engine troubles, limited range, and poor handling characteristics that led to a poor safety record, earning it several morbid nicknames like "Widowmaker". The F-104G variant was modified for multi-role capabilities in line with German requirements and ultimately was adopted by several other NATO countries, including Italy.

The [[F-104G (Italy)|F-104G]] began to replace the [[CL-13 Mk.4|Canadair Sabre]] in Italian service beginning in 1963-1965. Although the airframes were not very old, the subsonic Sabres were already outdated compared to the new Mach-2 capable supersonic aircraft available to NATO and the Warsaw Pact. The Starfighters also supplanted the similarly outdated [[F-84G-21-RE (Italy)|F-84 Thunderjet]] fighter-bomber. As was the case for many foreign designs in Italian service, the F-104Gs were for the most part assembled locally by Fiat. They were configured in interceptor, strike, and reconnaissance variants. Trainer variants were also obtained. The original Lockheed ejection seats were replaced with Martin-Baker seats. In Italian hands, the F-104 earned the nickname of Spillone ("Hairpin"), no doubt due to its pointed, needle-like shape.

Despite its poor accident record, the F-104 proved to be popular with the Italian Air Force. In the mid 1960s, the Italian military began to look for new and more advanced aircraft. Options considered included the American [[F-4C|F-4 Phantom II]], British [[Lightning F.6|English Electric Lighting]], and French [[Mirage IIIC|Mirage III]]. Lockheed's proposal was an upgraded version of the Starfighter with the company designation of CL-901. This was to feature a new J79-GE-19 engine, slight modifications to the air intakes, improved avionics, extra pylons, and additional ventral fins. The CL-901 was ultimately selected due to its low price and the Italian industry's familiarity with the F-104, and it was produced as the '''F-104S'''. The first examples were modified from the F-104G.

Two configurations of the F-104S were produced. The F-104S/CI interceptor version replaced the internal cannon with additional avionics required to support the semi-active radar homing Sparrow missiles while the F-104S/CB fighter-bomber variant retained the gun. The two variants may have had different radars with features suited to their roles, though sources are unclear about this distinction. A total of 246 examples of the F-104S were produced over ten years from 1969-1979. An upgrade program was carried out in the 1980s while the Italian military was working on the Eurofighter Typhoon, resulting in the [[F-104S.ASA|F-104S-ASA]] (Amodernamento Sistema Arma; "Weapon Systems Upgrade").

The only combat service seen by the F-104 was in Serbia as part of Operation Allied Force, where they flew combat air patrols. They were finally retired by Italy in 2004, being replaced by the General dynamics F-16 Fighting falcon. This was due to the Eurofighter Typhoon not being fully operational yet. This brought the F-104's career worldwide to an end. The only other user of the F-104S was Turkey, who received 40 aircraft and used them alongside other F-104 models obtained from many countries. Turkey retired all its Starfighters by 1995.

The F-104 was a remarkable plane for its time and offered NATO countries a relatively simple aircraft with spectacular performance. Though Italy adopted the F-104 a few years after the United States and Germany, it used the F-104 for longer than any other country and the domestically produced F-104S was the most advanced variant built. Its service was marred by a frightening accident record, as over a third of all Italian F-104s were lost in crashes. By the time the F-104S was retired, 50 years had passed since the F-104's first flight in 1954.

A large number of F-104S Starfighters have survived today and are on display throughout Italy. A full list of survivors can be found [https://www.i-f-s.nl/preserved-f-104s/preserved-in-italy/ here].

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f-104s Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:F-104S WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:F-104S WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:F-104S WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:F-104S WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:F-104S WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:F-104S WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|6grJB3S7DDs|'''Italian F-104S - Naked Guns''' - ''OddBawZ''}}

== See also ==


* [[F-104G (Italy)]]
* [[F-104S.ASA]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6731-development-f-104-starfighter-the-manned-missile-en|[Devblog] F-104 Starfighter: The Manned Missile]]

{{AirManufacturer Fiat}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}

User:U132382093

2023-05-05T00:22:24Z

U132382093: Replaced content with "hello"

hello

User:U132382093

2023-05-05T00:21:53Z

U132382093: Created page with "hello i edit the warthunder wiki in my spare time, trying to be as helpful as i can. sometimes i make mistakes, please let me know when i do"

hello

i edit the warthunder wiki in my spare time, trying to be as helpful as i can. sometimes i make mistakes, please let me know when i do

Oerlikon KBA (25 mm)

2023-05-05T00:18:28Z

U132382093: pros and cons added

== Description ==

The '''Oerlikon KBA (25 mm)''' is a 25 x 137 mm autocannon used for anti-air and ground combat.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|it_otobreda_sidam_25}}
* {{Specs-Link|it_otobreda_sidam_25_mistral}}

== General info ==

The Oerlikon KBA (25 mm) is a multipurpose autocannon with a rate of fire of 550 shots/min making it on par with equivalent cannons. It fires NATO 25mmx137 standard ammunition which grants it high degrees of adaptability to both ground and air targets. Being lightweight, compact and equipped with the Instant Ammunition Selection Device made it a preferred choice for many IFVs, APCs and Naval Anti-Air platforms.

=== Available ammunition ===


{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|M792, M791}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Highly effective against both ground and air targets, allowing for usage without sacraficing any capabilities
* Able to fire roughly 9 rounds per second, allowing for multiple rapid hits before the enemy even knows you are there
*

*

'''Cons:'''

* Ricochets very easily, resulting in a major struggle to penetrate slanted armour.

*

== History ==

[[File:Oerlikon KBA 25 mm Drawn.png|thumb|420x420px|Oerlikon KBA 25 mm Parts Description]]

Around 1964-1965, the United States Army started the Bushmaster as an offshoot MICV-65 program to replace the [[M113 (Family)|M113 APC]]. The requirements called for ammunition that could penetrate 25 mm steel armour from 1,000 meters at a 60 degrees angle of impact, ammunition selection for a variety of targets, the ability to switch between accurate single shot or a 550 rounds per minute burst-fire mode for use against aircraft, compact for use in turrets of APCs, and being simple to operate and service.

TRW Inc. entered the competition with a design created by Eugene Stoner, who was famous for designing the M-16, the United States service rifle of the time. TRW presented their own requirements that it used a gas-operated rotating bolt action, a dual-belt feed system for quick ammunition changes, and it has to be fully automatic and actively locked. The prototype, designated the TRW-6425 internally, was developed around a 25x137mm cartridge. Tested throughout the 1960s in multiple NATO countries, the program was delayed due to the Vietnam War. In 1969, TRW abandoned the project and sold the rights to Philco-Ford, who developed design into the PFB-25 which was selected by the Army when they restarted the program. However, the US Army found the cannon had deficiencies so Oerlikon, who bought the rights from Philco-Ford, went on to the further develop the gun into the Oerlikon KBA. In 1971, the refinements were completed to the point the cannon was adopted by the Netherlands in the [[Oerlikon KBA B02 (25 mm)|Oerlikon KBA B02]]. However the design was not adopted by the United States, and the US Army decided to adopt the [[M242 (25 mm)|M242 Bushmaster]] instead for what became the [[M3 Bradley|Bradley]].

In multiple turret configurations, such as the OTO-Melara HITFIST, the KBA is used by armies and navies around the world. Italy is a primary of the KBA, with the Navy using it on ships ranging from ''Trieste'' Aircraft Carrier, to the ''Vulcano-class'' auxiliary ship. In the Italian Army, the anti-aircraft [[SIDAM 25]] uses this cannon while the KBA B02 is used on the [[Dardo]] and [[VBC (PT2)|Freccia]].

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy anti-aircraft guns}}

[[Category:Anti-aircraft guns]]

IJN Agano

2023-05-05T00:14:41Z

U132382093: fixed autocorrect

{{Specs-Card
|code=jp_cruiser_agano
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (阿賀野, [[Abbreviations#.28JP.29_Naval|namesake]]: Agano River) is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese light cruiser {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.89 "Imperial Navy"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}
''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}
The ship makes up for its overall semi-weak armour with speed. It is able to weave in and out of combat at will and is relatively manouvreable when compared to its usual advesaries

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|15 cm/50 Type 41 (152 mm)}}

{{:15 cm/50 Type 41 (152 mm)/Ammunition|152 mm Type 0 HE, 152 mm Type 4 SAP, 152 mm Type 0 HE-TF}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|8 cm/60 Type 98 (76 mm)}}

{{:8 cm/60 Type 98 (76 mm)/Ammunition|76.2 mm Type 98 HE, 76.2 mm Type 98 HE-TF}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}
{{main|25 mm/60 Type 96 (25 mm)}}

''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}
{{main|Type 93 Model 1, Mod 2 (610 mm)}}

''Describe the available additional armaments of the ship: depth charges, mines, torpedoes. Talk about their positions, available ammunition and launch features such as dead zones of torpedoes. If there is no additional armament, remove this section.''

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

Located amidships is a catapult with one Aichi E13A1 scout plane (the second stored on the trolley is not available) which provides unique offensive and defensive abilities, expanding tactical options. Ship-launched scout planes fly just like regular tree units but lack munition choices and cockpit views. The E13A1 is equipped with a [[Type 97 navy (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Type 97]] defensive machine gun and a formidable load of 4 x 60 kg bombs. It also has the scout plane ability to cap zones and lay down smoke cover (up to 3 times). Captains will be wise to remember to utilize the aircraft and consider when best to use it, for example to cap a point early or late in the match, to create a smoke screen to stymie enemy bombardment and repair, to attack enemy units directly, or perhaps something completely new! Carrying a heavier bomb load than most other scout planes, this unit has a very good chance to sink enemy boats or even a destroyer.

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 16 Long Lance torpedoes are devastating against enemy ships
* Very fast for a cruiser, can keep up with some destroyers when fully upgraded
* Main guns have a great rate of fire in first-stage, equal to US cruisers
* One scout plane.

'''Cons:'''

* 25 mm AA guns cannot engage close targets
* Torpedoes have very limited firing arc
* Armour is mediocre, other cruisers will punch right through it at close range
* Turrets are large and lack armour, can thus easily be disabled
* Main gun shells are very weak

== History ==

Agano was the lead ship of four light cruisers built to supercede and replace the older cruisers serving as destroyer flotilla flagships in the Imperial Japanese Navy. Launched in October 1941, she entered service a year later and saw her first operation escorting troop transports to New Guinea in December 1942. The ship was involved in Operation Ke, the evacuation of 10,652 Japanese troops from Guadalcanal as well as the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay, an American victory which closed the Solomon Islands campaign. Several weeks later, American airstrikes damaged the ship as it lay in port at Rabaul and whilst en route to receive repairs, she was struck by a torpedo from an American submarine which flooded the boiler rooms and knocked out all power. The submarine Albacore prepared to finish the helpless and immobile ship, but was prevented from doing so by depth charges from the Urakaze. Taken under tow to Truk, Agano underwent 4 months of repairs before being able to attempt the journey back to the home islands of Japan in February 1944, for more permanent fixes. Ambushed by the American submarine Skate, Agano was hit by 2 torpedoes and sank 6 hours later.

Her destroyer escort Oite took on 523 survivors from the Agano, but was herself sunk 2 days later by Grumman TBF Avengers of Task Force 58 during Operation Hailstone. She sank almost immediately with the loss 172 out of her 192 complement whilst all 523 survivors of the Agano were lost.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=jp_cruiser_agano Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
{{Skin-gallery |market|ugcitem_1000611|IJN Agano 1944.jpg|1944 Camo}}

== See also ==
''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{ShipManufacturer Sasebo Naval Arsenal}}
{{Japan light cruisers}}

IJN Agano

2023-05-05T00:14:15Z

U132382093: /* Mobility */

{{Specs-Card
|code=jp_cruiser_agano
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (阿賀野, [[Abbreviations#.28JP.29_Naval|namesake]]: Agano River) is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese light cruiser {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.89 "Imperial Navy"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}
''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}
The ship makes up for its overall semi-weak armour with speed. It is able to weave in and out of combat at will and is relatively manouvreably when compared to its usual advesaries

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|15 cm/50 Type 41 (152 mm)}}

{{:15 cm/50 Type 41 (152 mm)/Ammunition|152 mm Type 0 HE, 152 mm Type 4 SAP, 152 mm Type 0 HE-TF}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|8 cm/60 Type 98 (76 mm)}}

{{:8 cm/60 Type 98 (76 mm)/Ammunition|76.2 mm Type 98 HE, 76.2 mm Type 98 HE-TF}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}
{{main|25 mm/60 Type 96 (25 mm)}}

''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}
{{main|Type 93 Model 1, Mod 2 (610 mm)}}

''Describe the available additional armaments of the ship: depth charges, mines, torpedoes. Talk about their positions, available ammunition and launch features such as dead zones of torpedoes. If there is no additional armament, remove this section.''

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

Located amidships is a catapult with one Aichi E13A1 scout plane (the second stored on the trolley is not available) which provides unique offensive and defensive abilities, expanding tactical options. Ship-launched scout planes fly just like regular tree units but lack munition choices and cockpit views. The E13A1 is equipped with a [[Type 97 navy (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Type 97]] defensive machine gun and a formidable load of 4 x 60 kg bombs. It also has the scout plane ability to cap zones and lay down smoke cover (up to 3 times). Captains will be wise to remember to utilize the aircraft and consider when best to use it, for example to cap a point early or late in the match, to create a smoke screen to stymie enemy bombardment and repair, to attack enemy units directly, or perhaps something completely new! Carrying a heavier bomb load than most other scout planes, this unit has a very good chance to sink enemy boats or even a destroyer.

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 16 Long Lance torpedoes are devastating against enemy ships
* Very fast for a cruiser, can keep up with some destroyers when fully upgraded
* Main guns have a great rate of fire in first-stage, equal to US cruisers
* One scout plane.

'''Cons:'''

* 25 mm AA guns cannot engage close targets
* Torpedoes have very limited firing arc
* Armour is mediocre, other cruisers will punch right through it at close range
* Turrets are large and lack armour, can thus easily be disabled
* Main gun shells are very weak

== History ==

Agano was the lead ship of four light cruisers built to supercede and replace the older cruisers serving as destroyer flotilla flagships in the Imperial Japanese Navy. Launched in October 1941, she entered service a year later and saw her first operation escorting troop transports to New Guinea in December 1942. The ship was involved in Operation Ke, the evacuation of 10,652 Japanese troops from Guadalcanal as well as the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay, an American victory which closed the Solomon Islands campaign. Several weeks later, American airstrikes damaged the ship as it lay in port at Rabaul and whilst en route to receive repairs, she was struck by a torpedo from an American submarine which flooded the boiler rooms and knocked out all power. The submarine Albacore prepared to finish the helpless and immobile ship, but was prevented from doing so by depth charges from the Urakaze. Taken under tow to Truk, Agano underwent 4 months of repairs before being able to attempt the journey back to the home islands of Japan in February 1944, for more permanent fixes. Ambushed by the American submarine Skate, Agano was hit by 2 torpedoes and sank 6 hours later.

Her destroyer escort Oite took on 523 survivors from the Agano, but was herself sunk 2 days later by Grumman TBF Avengers of Task Force 58 during Operation Hailstone. She sank almost immediately with the loss 172 out of her 192 complement whilst all 523 survivors of the Agano were lost.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=jp_cruiser_agano Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
{{Skin-gallery |market|ugcitem_1000611|IJN Agano 1944.jpg|1944 Camo}}

== See also ==
''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{ShipManufacturer Sasebo Naval Arsenal}}
{{Japan light cruisers}}

Mk.M2 (540 lb)

2023-05-05T00:09:54Z

U132382093: added desc

== Description ==
[[File:WeaponImage H.E. M.C. Mk.II (500 lb).png|thumb|left|420px|The Mk.M1 (540 lb) bomb (scale is approximate)]]
{{Break}}
The MK.M2 was initially developed by the United States. Its high-explosive capabilities made it particularly effective against ground targets such as buildings, bridges, and enemy fortifications.

In terms of its in-game performance, the Mk.M2 bomb's high-explosive yield and accuracy make it a highly effective weapon. However, it can be challenging to use effectively due to its relatively small blast radius compared to other bombs in the game. Players must carefully aim and drop the bomb at the right moment to achieve maximum impact.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|f-4jk}}
* {{Specs-Link|harrier_gr7}}
* {{Specs-Link|jaguar_gr1}}
* {{Specs-Link|jaguar_gr1a}}
* {{Specs-Link|lightning_f53}}
* {{Specs-Link|f-4k}}
* {{Specs-Link|f-4m_fgr2}}
* {{Specs-Link|dh_110_sea_vixen}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the bomb.''

=== Effective damage ===
''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of bomb (high explosive, splash damage, etc)''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of bombs that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe situations when you would utilise this bomb in-game (vehicle, pillbox, base, etc)''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the weapon;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Bombs}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

Ch-51M (57 mm)

2023-05-05T00:04:09Z

U132382093: /* Description */

== Description ==
The mounting has a very limited amount of gun depression and traverse due to the small size of what it is mounted upon, however, the gun itself has a fairly fast reload.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|ussr_asu_57}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===


{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|BR-271SP, BR-271M, O-271, BR-271N}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

Kan Strv 121 (120 mm)

2023-05-05T00:01:46Z

U132382093: added desc and 2 pros

== Description ==
The 120 mm kan Strv 121 is a domestic production of the famous 120 mm [[Rheinmetall L44 (120 mm)|Rheinmetall L/44]] cannon and is mounted as the primary armament on the Strv 121, offering a balance of firepower, accuracy, and sustained rate of fire. The 121 has three rounds available to it: slsgr m/95, DM13 APFSDS and DM23 APFSDS. Of these, only DM13 is available when the vehicle is stock, with slsgr m/95 as a tier 2 and DM23 as a tier 4 modification. The L/44 is reasonably accurate at long range with any ammunition, however minor round deviation may be evident at extreme ranges (over 2,000 m).

It's advisable to primarily rely on the best available APFSDS round for engaging other MBTs. HE should rarely be used but can prove to be useful for more experienced players.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|sw_strv_121}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* APFSDS are a fantastic jack of all trades, being able to penetrate and destroy all manner of enemies in a quick and effecient manner.
* HE, if used correctly, can destroy even the most heavily armoured tanks.

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Sweden tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

Pe-2-31

2023-05-04T23:57:42Z

U132382093: added pros and cons

{{About
| about = Soviet bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Pe-2 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=pe-2-31
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27. In some localisations, this aircraft is known as Pe-2-21, instead of Pe-2-31. There is no difference between them.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}
The Pe-2-31's flight performance is relatively good for an aircraft at its BR, but remains mediocre among twin-engined light bombers. The climb rate and acceleration are both quite low, but the aircraft is quite fast, capable of reaching ~500 km/h in level flight and over 600 km/h in a dive.

The aircraft's turn performance is quite underwhelming, as is common among twin-engined light bombers, and energy retention is quite lackluster. Given its role as a dive bomber, the Pe-2-31 is equipped with wing-mounted airbrakes.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,100 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 511 || 495 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 29.6 || 31.3 || 7.2 || 7.2 || rowspan="2" | 326
|-
! Upgraded
| 550 || 530 || 26.5 || 28.0 || 12.4 || 9.6
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 508 || 477 || 320 || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 380 || < 380 || < 440 || > 307
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}
The Pe-2-31 is actually quite survivable, given its larger size and spaced-out components. The aircraft's fuel tanks are located the wings and behind the cockpit, and are all self-sealing and feature an inert gas pressurisation system to prevent fires. As such, some fuel tank fires are survivable, though this cannot be relied on.

However, the Pe-2-31's engines and cockpit are all quite susceptible to damage, with no armour protecting the engine and just 8 mm of steel behind the pilot and gunner. Lucky shots to the engines can knock them out easily, and given that the Pe-2-31 is quite underpowered, it is quite difficult to make it back to base with a single engine.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}The DZ-40 and RO-132 modifications should be your first priority in order to unlock the Pe-2-31's suspended armament options. After that, focus on flight performance upgrades, especially the engine and engine injection modifications, to improve handling. The weapon belts can be upgraded last as their performance advantage is minimal.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Berezin UB (12.7 mm)|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, nose-mounted (150 rpg)
* 1 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, nose-mounted (450 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|FAB-100sv (100 kg)|FAB-250sv (250 kg)|FAB-500sv (500 kg)|RS-132|RBS-132}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 6 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (600 kg total)
* 4 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs + 2 x 250 kg FAB-250sv bombs (900 kg total)
* 4 x 250 kg FAB-250sv bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg FAB-500sv bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 10 x RS-132 rockets
* 10 x RBS-132 rockets

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Berezin UB (12.7 mm)|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, ventral turret (230 rpg)
* 1 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, dorsal turret (750 rpg)
* 1 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, 2 x beam turret (225 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Improvement from the previous Pe-2-1
* Competetive rate of climb which makes interception far more difficult for the enemy
* Manoeuvrable due to overall light weight and build
* Has a greater variety of armament and maximum payload than its predecessor
* Very fast, can outspeed enemies and reach the bombing targets quicker than the average bomber

'''Cons:'''

* Relatively low bomb load
* Large silhouette makes this bomber very easy to spot by enemy interceptors
* A few of the gunners have an armament of which can find themselves ineffective against many of the aircraft if will face
* Very poor energy retention results in easy stalls when the airbrakes are used too generously
* Airbrakes can break easily if the user is not careful

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Since the Pe-2's mass production had begun, its defensive armament was recognized by the military as weak for a modern bomber. Beginning with series 13 (launched in April to May of 1941), the ShKAS hatch mount was replaced with a VUB-2 turret with a 12.7mm BT machine gun and a magazine capacity of 200 rounds. The starboard ShKAS machine gun mounted to port forward was replaced with a 12.7mm BK machine gun with 150 rounds. Also, the magazine capacity of the port ShKAS was decreased to 450 rounds.

By June 22, 1941, when Germany invaded the USSR, factories had managed to produce 490 new dive bombers. Subsequent upgrades of the Pe-2 were then made based on combat experience.

Series 22 saw the installation of M-105RA engines with floatless carburettors, which improved the aircraft's behavior when diving. Beginning with series 23, an extra ShKAS machine gun with 225 rounds was installed in the radio operator/gunner's cockpit. It was designed to fire from side ball mounts and through the upper fuselage hatch. The area of the navigator's and the radio operator/gunner's protective armour was increased, and the robustness of the fuel system was improved. The aircraft was equipped with an inert gas filling system, and duralumin tanks were replaced with fiber ones, which were more effective at dealing with bullets. By series 32, the aircraft could be fitted with guide rails to hold 10 RS-132 unguided rockets under the wings. Some Pe-2s were equipped with RO-82 launchers to fire RS-82 unguided rockets backwards, to defend against any fighters attacking from the aircraft's lower rear. Since September 1941, the Pe-2's bomb load was upgraded by adding KMB-Pe-2 bomblet clusters, which enabled the efficient bombing of soft area-type targets.

A total of 1,671 dive bombers were manufactured by four mass production factories during 1941. The new plane served on all front lines from the Barents Sea to the Black Sea. The Pe-2s were received not only by regiments of the Air Force of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army but also by aviation units of the Northern, Baltic, and Black Sea Fleets.

From February 1942 (series 64) on, the side ball mounts were replaced with pivot mounts and the turret's sighting angle was increased. Series 80 saw yet another defensive upgrade: the navigator's and the radio operator/gunner's positions were given upgraded armour.

On 12 January 1942, chief designer V. M. Petlyakov died in an air crash while flying in a Pe-2. His position was filled by his deputy, A. M. Izakson, who was later replaced by another of Petlyakov's colleagues, A. I. Putilov.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=pe-2-31 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|ogZid3HAvLA|'''Talisman Series, PE-2-31. Dont try this at home!''' - ''Joseph 2000''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Petlyakov}}
{{USSR bombers}}

Pz.Sfl.Ic

2023-05-04T23:52:03Z

U132382093: grammar

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_pzkpfw_II_ausf_H
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced as a [[wt:en/news/901--en|premium pack]] in [[Update 1.43]] as the ''Pz.Kpfw. II Ausf. H'' (shortened to ''Pz.II H''). In [[Update_1.89_"Imperial_Navy"#Ground_vehicles_2|Update 1.89]], the vehicle was renamed to the current designation. It was purchasable from the store until the [[wt:en/news/7154-shop-may-sale-in-the-gaijin-store-en|2021 May sale]] after which it was removed from sale. It has since been made available for purchase in-game with Golden Eagles {{GE}} temporarily for the [[wt:en/news/7358-special-german-unity-day-en|2021]] and [[wt:en/news/7894-special-german-unity-day-en|2022]] "German Unity Day" mini-events.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

Having 30 mm of frontal armour, this tank isn't made for the frontline. The three crew members mean that single-shot destruction is a common possibility. Worse still, this tank has no roof protection with the cloth covering being only cosmetic. Unfortunately, this also means that you are very vulnerable to aircraft attacks too. Your demure silhouette will let you easily hide in the small nooks and crannies of maps and lets you cover your entire tank with bushes for extra concealment.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 30 mm (13°) ''Upper plate'' 10 mm (74°) ''Upper glacis'' 30 mm (18°) ''Lower plate'' 5 mm (68°) ''Lower glacis'' || 20 mm || 20 mm (4-16°) || 10 mm
|-
| Turret || 30 mm (17°) ''Turret front'' 20 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 20 mm (12°)
!
!
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and torsion bars are 10 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 5 mm thick.
* A 5 mm thick plate separates the crew compartment from the engine compartment.
* Mudguards are 4 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=310|rbMinHp=177}}

The {{PAGENAME}} has a power-to-weight ratio of nearly 20 hp/ton which translates to a very mobile and nimble tank. The top speed of 56 km/h (RB) is good but still pales in comparison next to the 90 km/h of the Puma armoured cars. However, its tracks handle much better at high speeds than the Puma's wheels, and it is able to make far tighter turns and faster stops. The maximum reverse speed is -10 km/h, which for a tank is decent and will let you easily get out of perilous situations where other tanks of the same rank struggle when retreating.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|PaK38 (50 mm)}}

The 50 mm PaK38 is probably the best gun you can find at this battle rating. The shells have decent penetration, good post pen damage and an incredible APCR round makes this tank able to punch way above its weight. Don't be afraid to take this tank into higher rank battles. Beware, though, it will struggle against the upper front plate of T-34s and Shermans, so remember their frontal weak spots. Not that you should be engaging those tanks frontally anyway. Always bring high explosive rounds, as the lack of any secondary armament makes lighter vehicles harder to fight effectively.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PaK38 (50 mm)|50 mm PaK38]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 40 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+18° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 13.3 || 18.4 || 22.4 || 24.8 || 26.4 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.79 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.3 || 9.8 || 11.9 || 13.2 || 14.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:PaK38 (50 mm)/Ammunition|PzGr 39, PzGr 40/1, PzGr 40, Sprgr. 38}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || 27 ''(+13)'' || 14 ''(+26)'' || 1 ''(+39)'' || Yes
|-
|}
Notes:

* Racks disappear after all shells in the rack have been shot or loaded.
* The visual discrepancy concerns the number of shells per rack:
** For rack 1, 20 shells are modeled for 14 available.
** For racks 2 & 3, 11 shells are modeled for 13 available.

== Usage in battles ==

In battles, it performs well as a scout vehicle with its high mobility in all game modes. It can also function well as a tank destroyer with its high penetration power. It has very little gun depression, which means you won't be able to reliably shoot over hills. It also lacks a machine gun to combat planes and open-topped vehicles, which can be a burden.

It's advised that you keep on the move while using the Pz.Sfl.Ic as any aircraft with guns can take out your turret crew which will knock your vehicle out. Most SPAAs at your BR will also be able to penetrate your hull even frontally, so try to stay out of sight. You are generally safe from .50 cal HMGs although from the rear and non-angled sides they can still penetrate.

In the Pz.Sfl.Ic, you should avoid well-protected tanks like the [[KV-1 (L-11)]], the [[T-34 (1940)]] or the [[M4A3 (105)]] as their armour will make it difficult for your 50 mm cannon to penetrate in an uptier. Your cannon still can go through any of their weak spots. Generally, you should stay on the move and make sure you're not spotted, try to stay off the frontline, but don't be afraid to use your gun if you have to since it's very potent at its BR except against the most armoured targets.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has a gun that will reliably penetrate pretty much any of its expected enemies
* Is very, very fast (Max speed off-road of around 56 km/h)
* Has a decent reload speed
* Has the scouting ability, which can earn you some extra silver lions and valuable intel for your team
* Because of lack of armour, some shells will pass right through you
* Can change positions very quickly if needed
* Can get to the cap points and good positions early in the match

'''Cons:'''

* Weak armour - trade-off of speed for less weight
* Open-top, planes can destroy the vehicle with machine guns when strafing very easily
* No stabiliser, which means that the gun will take a moment to settle after stopping the tank
* Has very bad depression angles
* Can get slowed down in difficult terrain
* You are a sitting duck if your tracks or engines are knocked out

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
In July, 1940 Armament Command ordered two light tank prototypes with enhanced weaponry from the company MAN. Rheinmetall-Borsig built the cannons and the bulkheads comprising the body.

In January, 1942 four tanks were produced and immediately sent to the Eastern Front as part of the 1st and 3rd squads of the 559 Antitank Battalion.

An open-top rotating hexagonal turret with no rear wall was installed. Its primary weapon was a 50mm KwK 39.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_pzkpfw_II_ausf_H Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|h8ItFYwulAs|'''The Shooting Range #15''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:43 discusses the Pz.Sfl.Ic.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany light tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

Lightning F.6

2023-05-04T12:34:30Z

U132382093: /* Pros and cons */ added a con which i've heard frequently

{{About
| about = British jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the premium version
| link = Lightning F.53
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=lightning_f6
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|Lightning Red Top Kill.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_lightning_f6.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].

The Lightning is a very distinctive aircraft, with its unique stacked engine design, highly swept wings, and large ventral fuel tank. It was designed as a high performance interceptor aircraft, to defend against Soviet bombers, sacrificing range and flexibility for raw performance. With most of the fuselage taken up by the two powerful Rolls-Royce Avon engines, fuel had to be put wherever it could fit inside the wings (including inside the flaps), and in a large ventral fuel tank fitted to the underside of the aircraft. Another factor adding to the Lightning's unique appearance is the fitment of two air-to-air missiles to the sides of the forward fuselage.

In-game, the Lightning has decent acceleration, climb rate, and top speed; and can carry two Firestreak or Red Top missiles. While its missiles are not the best in the game they are still powerful weapons, although the limited quantity does require you to chose your shots carefully.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The Lightning F.6 possesses good acceleration and climb performance, although arguably not as good as late model MiG-21s, and some [[F-4 Phantom II (Family)|Phantoms]]. The Lightning's two powerful Avon 302 engines do however give it the unique capability of being able to supercruise (fly supersonic without afterburner) at all altitudes, something no other aircraft in the game can do. At sea level the Lightning can supercruise at Mach 1.03, with this generally increasing with altitude (for example at 5,000 m it can supercruise at Mach 1.07). The Lightning has a lower listed wing rip speed than other top tier jets such as MiG-21s and [[F-4 Phantom II (Family)|F-4 Phantoms]], however it due to its powerful engines it is capable of reaching (and exceeding) this speed in level flight, even with a full missile armament. This means that the Lightning is actually faster than many of its competitors in a low altitude chase situation, being able to reach Mach 1.08 safely at sea level and Mach 1.10 if you want to push it (structural failure tends to occur at this speed so be careful); Mach 1.14 can be safely reached at 1,000 m. Enemy aircraft can still catch you if they are coming out of a dive, but a surprising number will not be able to keep up in a prolonged chase with a Lightning. Supercruise can be used to give the Lightning longer endurance than other top tier jets, without having to sacrifice speed.

In real life the Lightning's optimal climb profile was to accelerate to 450 knots (833 km/h) and then enter a climb, adjusting the climb angle to maintaining 450 kts / Mach 0.87 (whichever is lower)<ref name="LightningF6ODM" />, and this method works well in game however a simpler approach can just be to accelerate to a reasonably high speed (around 1,000 km/h and enter a 30 degree climb). The Lightning is not a particularly manoeuvrable aircraft, however it can turn fairly well when at high subsonic speed and lower altitude, turning off the afterburner can also improve turning performance in some situations. The roll rate varies with speed and altitude, but is generally nothing special (bar a few speed / altitude combinations, where it rolls surprisingly well).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 12,192 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,240 || 2,213 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 22.8 || 28.0 || 124.6 || 115.4 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,353 || 2,290 || 24.4 || 26.0 || 177.8 || 150.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 654 || 463 || ~10 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 850 || < 700 || < 700 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Avon Mk.302 || 2
| colspan="2" | 14,020 kg || colspan="2" | 436 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 6m fuel || 20m fuel || 22m fuel
|-
| 1,310 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 15,382 kg || 18,109 kg || 18,559 kg || 19,000 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 6m fuel || 20m fuel || 22m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 5,616 kgf || 7,413 kgf
| 0.96 || 0.82 || 0.80 || 0.78
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 5,616 kgf (0 km/h) || 7,747 kgf (1,000 km/h)
| 1.01 || 0.86 || 0.83 || 0.82
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


In line with its role as a high-performance interceptor aircraft the Lightning F.6 has no armoured plating or bulletproof glass, such additions would have increased the weight of the aircraft, while offering no real benefit for its intended role.

Most of the inside of the wings (including the flaps) consists of fuel tanks, fuel is also stored in the ventral tank. The top engine is mounted above and to the rear of the bottom engine, this leaves it exposed to enemy fire; on the flip side the bottom engine is shielded from enemy fire by the top engine and wing fuel tanks, this makes is surprisingly resilient to damage, it is not uncommon for it to even continue functioning after the aircraft has been hit by a missile (although the rest of the aircraft will be well and truly broken afterwards).

The large belly tank and high wings of the Lightning mean it is able to survive belly landings very well.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The Lightning is a difficult aircraft to use when stock. If you particularly dislike the stock ADEN cannons then you may wish to priorities the cannon upgrades, however generally it is advisable to focus on flight performance and missile upgrades. Once you gain the ability to unlock tier 2 modifications you should prioritise the Red Tops, they are far from the best missiles in the game, but they can be useful; after that the new boosters modification is worth getting to improve the general handling of the aircraft. For tier 3 modifications you should get the wings repair and engine upgrades (unless you really want the ADEN upgrades). After this you can research the rest of the upgrades according to personal preference.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ADEN (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm ADEN cannons, mounted in belly tank (120 rpg = 240 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Firestreak|Red Top}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x Firestreak missiles
* 2 x Red Top missiles

== Usage in battles ==


In combined battles, pilots of the {{PAGENAME}} may find themselves unable to deal much damage against ground vehicles, especially without the use of rockets, anti-tank missiles, or bombs. As such, this fighter is better suited to dealing with enemy air targets such as helicopters, which are plentiful at the Lightning's battle rating.

Although it faces challenges there, air realistic battles are where the Lightning truly belongs. The F.6 is able to use its Red Top missiles to dispatch enemies from a distance. Best practice with the missiles is to fire when there is about a 1.5 km gap between the F.6 and the enemy aircraft. This gap gives the missile time to lock on its target and track the enemy. One downside to the Red Tops is that they are not particularly fast compared to other missiles at its tier and may have trouble manoeuvring to catch an enemy aircraft travelling at top speed.

The {{PAGENAME}} handles well at subsonic speeds, although dogfights at those speeds are not common at this battle rating. Flying slowly leaves the pilot vulnerable to nearby enemies. Among those enemies may be the [[MiG-21 F-13]], which the Lightning can often out-dogfight and the [[F-4 Phantom II (Family)|F-4C]], which the Lightning has an extremely difficult time trying to out-dogfight. The Lightning just doesn't have the energy retention that the Phantom does.

Keeping this in mind, it is advised that pilots use this plane as part of a team, rather than as an attempted solo carry. It is recommended that they climb to higher altitude early on in the match and by gaining as much energy as possible before dumping it in dogfight manoeuvres.

Enemy planes that the Lightning F.6 is well-suited to take on in a fight are the [[Mitsubishi T-2]], the [[F-100D]], and the [[MiG-19 (Family)|Mig-19s]] of all variants.

===Radars===
The Lightning F.6 is equipped with an AI.23 search and tracking radar. The radar is mounted in the nose of the aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | AI.23 - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
| 100,000 m (theoretical) || 50,000 m || ±50.0° || ±8.0°
|-
! colspan="4" | AI.23 - Target Tracking Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 100,000 m || 300 m || ±50.0° || ±30.0°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Extraordinarily competitive climb rate & acceleration
** Can out-speed & out-accelerate aircraft even in a full up-tier
* Formidable angle-of-attack above low speeds
* Highly versatile missiles
** Capable of all-aspect tracking via radar slaving
** Unlikely to encounter countermeasures
* Surprisingly good turn rate between 800 and 1,000 km/h IAS
* Comparatively survivable
** One engine is sufficient to power aircraft
** Engines rarely overheat
** Enemies aiming centre-mass are unlikely to kill the pilot

'''Cons:'''

* Vulnerable to itself
** Can rip wings and avionics easily at 1360 km/h IAS
** Very high fuel consumption when using afterburner
* Awkward cannon handling
** Cannons are mounted under the fuselage
** Low muzzle velocity
** Low fire rate
* Poor manoeuvrability
** Controls are unresponsive at low speeds
** Poor energy retention at high-subsonic speeds
** Avionics lock-up (compress) at transonic/supersonic speeds
* Lack of versatility
** No strike ordnance
*Incredibly vulnerable to infrared guided missiles as a result of having two very hot engines

== History ==

===Background===
In February 1946 the British government cancelled the Miles M.52 programme, only a few months before the first prototype was due to fly. The M.52 was a supersonic research aircraft, designed to reach speeds in excess of 1,000 mph (1,600 km/h) and potentially become the first aircraft to achieve supersonic speeds in level flight.<ref name="LightningStrikesTwice">Bowman 2009</ref> The cancellation sent a message to the aviation industry that the British Government had little interest in the development of supersonic aircraft. This did not deter English Electric Company engineer W. E. W. Petter; from his work designing the Canberra bomber he could tell that current fighters would be incapable of intercepting such an aircraft, and so began sketching designs for a new supersonic fighter.<ref name="IconsLightningStory">Chorlton 2012</ref>

Petter lobbied the government to pursue supersonic aircraft development and in early 1947 presented his proposed design to the Ministry of Supply (MoS), to his surprise this lead to the MoS issuing specification ER.103 calling for companies to produce designs for a supersonic research aircraft capable of Mach 1.5 at 36,000 ft.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" /> English Electric set to work on their proposal, which would later be known as the P.1.

===Development===
By the middle of 1948 most of the P.1's key design features were in place, the aircraft would have two engines stacked one on top of the other (this allowed for 2x increase in thrust while only increasing frontal area by 1.5x) and highly swept wings. English Electric was given a contract to develop the design further through 1949; wind tunnel testing indicated that the tailplane should be moved from the top of the vertical stabiliser to the bottom of the fuselage, and the wing sweep increased from 40° to 60°.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft">Ransom and Fairclough 1987</ref> By the end of 1949 most of the P.1's design had been finalised.

In September 1949, the MoS released the first draft of specification F.23/49 laying out the requirements for a supersonic fighter aircraft. English Electric decided they could modify the P.1 design to meet the new F.23/49 specification. In April 1950, they received a contract to produce three prototype P.1 aircraft (two for flight testing and one for static testing).<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> Engineers at the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) doubted English Electric's design for the P.1, believing that the aircraft should have had a 50° swept wing and kept the original high-mounted tailplane; this would lead to a second contract being handed to Short Brothers to produce an aircraft known as the SB.5. The SB.5 was a low-speed research aircraft (resembling the P.1) which facilitated the wings and tail being mounted in different configurations, with the aim being to find out whether English Electric or the RAE were correct. Later during testing it would be found that 60° was the optimal wing sweep and the high tail design would prove to be unstable in flight; proving English Electric correct in their design choices.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" />

In July 1952, while English Electric was working on building the P.1 prototypes, they were notified that the government intended to order a number of prototype fighters built to the F.23/49 specification, and so detailed design on the modified P.1 began. To avoid confusion, the two original P.1 aircraft would be known as P.1 and P.1A with the new fighter version known as the P.1B.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> The official order for 3 P.1B prototypes was placed in August 1953 and was followed in February 1954 by an order for 20 P.1B development aircraft. The P.1 / P.1A were visually similar to the Lightning but had distinct differences; most notable were its use of non-afterburning Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire SA.5 engines and a significantly different cockpit and forward fuselage. The P.1 lacked the Lightning's distinctive shock cone intake, instead having a pear-shaped intake in the nose and also initially lacked the ventral fuel tank of production Lightnings. The P.1B was much closer to the production Lightning F.1 aircraft, being visually very similar, and incorporating most of the features of the production aircraft.<ref name="BurkeLightning">Burke 2016</ref>

The first P.1 was finished in May 1954 and taken to Boscombe Down, where it spent the next couple of months carrying out ground tests and fast taxi runs.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> With tests progressing well, the first flight for the P.1 was set to be the 3rd August 1954. However, as test pilot Roland Beamont climbed into the cockpit for the first flight, he accidentally triggered the engine bay fire extinguishers; with the rest of the day spent cleaning up the fire retardant the flight had to be postponed until the next day.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" /> The P.1 first flew on 4th August 1954, and shortly afterwards on its third flight it went supersonic, supercruising at Mach 1.02; in subsequent flights supercruise at Mach 1.08 in level flight would be achieved and in one flight the aircraft would eventually reach a speed of Mach 1.22.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> The second P.1 prototype, known as P.1A, flew on 18th July 1955, featuring a ventral tank, twin 30 mm ADEN cannons mounted above the intake, and redesigned flaps.<ref name="LightningMk1_6">Darling 2008</ref> While the P.1A was undergoing testing, the original P.1 prototype was modified with Sapphire SA.5R engines which produced less dry thrust than the SA.5's but featured reheat (afterburner) which gave them much greater thrust than the SA.5 when engaged. With the new engines the P.1 could reach Mach 1.56; the P.1A was never fitted with the new engines. During testing of the P.1, problems with the cockpit canopy became apparent, on one test flight in August 1955 while the aircraft was flying at Mach 0.95 the canopy broke away from the aircraft. The test pilot was able to land without further incident, and the canopy locking mechanism was adjusted; however a few weeks later the canopy broke loose again. After further modifications English Electric believed the problem was resolved; until once more the canopy came away from the aircraft, this time while the aircraft was flying at supersonic speed.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> Following this incident, English Electric decided to completely redesign the canopy locking mechanism, finally fixing the issue, luckily none of the pilots were seriously injured in any of the incidents.<ref name="LightningMk1_6" />

The P.1B first flew on the 4th April 1957 and was successfully taken to Mach 1.2 on its first flight.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> On the same day the P.1B first flew, the Government published the now infamous 1957 Defence White Paper, which cancelled most of Britain's advanced aircraft programmes under the (now known to be incorrect) belief that missile technology would make manned aircraft irrelevant; the P.1 was one of the few aircraft programmes not cancelled.<ref name="LightningStrikesTwice" /> On the 23rd of October 1958 the P.1B was officially renamed to the Lightning.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> Development of the P.1B continued with no major problems and on 25th November 1958 the P.1B became the first British aircraft to achieve Mach 2, sustaining it in level flight and with engines on the lowest of their four reheat settings.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> Development continued with the last of the 20 P.1B pre-production aircraft taking to the air in September 1959;<ref name="LightningMk1_6" /> this was followed by the first P.1B Lightnings being delivered to RAF service in December 1959.

===RAF Service===
The first production version of the Lightning to enter RAF service was the Lightning F.1, which differed only slightly from the pre-production P.1Bs, it entered service with 74 squadron at Coltishall in 1960.<ref name="BurkeLightning" /> The F.1 was powered by two Avon 200R engines each producing 11,200 lb of dry thrust or 14,400 lb of thrust with maximum reheat (afterburner).<ref name="LightningF1PilotsNotes">Pilot's Notes, Lightning F.Mk 1 & F.Mk 1A</ref><ref name="IconsLightningStory" /> In terms of armament, the F.1 had two 30 mm ADEN cannons mounted above the air intake and provision for three different interchangeable weapon packs to be fitted in the weapons bay. The most common weapons pack (and the only one most people are aware of) was the Firestreak pack; the internals of the pack contained electronic and cooling systems, while pylons protruding from either side of the pack allowed the lightning to carry two Firestreak air-to-air missiles, one on either side of the fuselage. The other two packs were less well known, one allowed the fitment of two additional 30 mm ADEN cannons (bringing the total to four), and the other allowed the cartridge of 48 x 2" unguided air-to-air rockets.<ref name="LightningF1PilotsNotes" /> During normal flight the rockets would be stored internally, when the rockets were to be fired two launchers (each containing 24 rockets) would fold outwards from the weapon pack.<ref name="LightningMk1_6" />

A total of 22 production standard Lightning F.1s were built before production was switched to the improved F.1A standard. The F.1A was only slightly different to the F.1, featuring provision for an in-flight refuelling probe, some re-routed cabling from inside the engine bay to external cable ducts on the side of the fuselage, and Avon 210R engines; the engines had modifications to the reheat control system, but preformed the same as the Avon 200R engines of the F.1.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" /><ref name="EngineDatabaseHandbook">Roux 2007</ref> The F.1A entered service in December 1960 serving alongside the Lightning F.1s. The first two-seat Lightning trainers, known as T.4s were also delivered in 1960; the T.4 was based on the F.1A and featured two pilots sat side by side in the cockpit.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" /> By 1965 the F.1s and F.1As had been withdrawn from front-line service, joining the T.4s in being used for pilot training and other duties into the 1970s.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" />

The next version of the Lightning to enter service was the F.2, planned as an interim version to enter service while the more advanced F.3 was still being developed. Externally it looked almost identical to the F.1A, with the only difference being the addition of a small air scoop on the "spine" of the aircraft. Internally however there were more changes; the engines were upgraded with fully variable reheat (instead of the 4 position reheat on earlier models), a significantly lighter and more compact oxygen system for the pilot, and an improved navigation system.<ref name="LightningMk1_6" /> The F.2 entered service with two squadrons in 1961, and became the first Lighting variant to serve outside of the UK, being based at RAF bases in West Germany.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" />

After the Lightning F.2 came the Lightning F.3; which was a major upgrade over all previous models of the Lightning. The most obvious external feature of the F.3 was a new, larger, squared-off tail; this was necessary to allow the F.3 to safely carry the new Red Top missile. The Red Top was a major improvement over the Firestreak, having improved range, a more destructive warhead, and a new seeker giving the missile limited all-aspect capability. Internally, the F.3 featured a more advanced AI.23B radar, new navigation equipment, and most significantly new Avon 301R engines.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> The Avon 301s produced significantly more thrust than previous Avon engines with 12,600 lb of dry thrust and 16,300 lb of thrust each on full reheat. The Lightning F.3 entered RAF service in January 1964.<ref name="LightningStrikesTwice" />

The F.3 was followed into service by the F.3A and the T.5 (a two-seat trainer variant of the F.3) in 1965. The F.3A was an interim version which designed to address the Lightning's limited range before the planned F.6 version was ready. The F.3A significantly increased the size of the ventral fuel tank, in addition it was fitted with a new wing featuring a kinked and cambered leading edge; this wing reduced subsonic drag leading to a 20% increase in cruising range. The new wing also improved the handling characteristics of the Lightning; it did however come at the cost of reducing supersonic acceleration.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" />

The final production model of Lightning to enter RAF service was the F.6. The Lightning F.6 had been intended to fix some of the shortfalls of the F.3; it included the enlarged ventral tank and new wing design of the F.3A, and returned the cannon armament with two 30 mm ADEN cannons mounted in the front of the ventral fuel tank. The F.6 also included support for a pair of over-wing fuel tanks, further improving the aircraft's range. The F.6 entered service in December 1965, serving alongside the F.3s; the superior range of the F.6 led to them being used for long-range interception missions, while the higher performance F.3 lent itself to being used for shorter range missions.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> Although originally retaining the Avon 301 engines of the F.3 and F.3A, the F.6 would later be upgraded with Avon 302 engines; these engines provided better high altitude flight performance and reduced fuel consumption.<ref name="LightningF6ODM">Lightning F.Mk 6, Operating Data Manual</ref>

The improved range of the Lightning F.6 proved popular with the RAF and so it was decided to rebuild 31 of the Lightning F.2s stationed in Germany to near F.6 standard.<ref name="LightningStrikesTwice" /> These aircraft were known as F.2As and began entering service in 1968, they featured the enlarged ventral tank and new wings of the F.6, but retained the less powerful Avon 211 engines as well as the 30 mm cannons mounted in their original location above the intake.<ref name="LightningF2AAircrewManual">Lightning F Mk 2A, Aircrew Manual</ref> As the F.2A also lacked the updated avionics of later models it was incapable of carrying Red Top missiles, instead carrying either Firestreaks or a gun pack containing two additional ADEN cannons.<ref name="LightningF2AAircrewManual" /> The F.2A was well-liked by its pilots, the fitment of ADEN cannons above the intake allowed the entire ventral tank to be filled with fuel (instead of partly being taken up by cannons); coupled with less fuel-hungry engines this gave it the best endurance of any Lightning variant. The F.2A spent most of its service life carrying out low-level interceptions missions in Germany, where the increased endurance was greatly appreciated.<ref name="LightningBoys">Pike 2011</ref>

The English Electric Lightning was the RAF's primary front-line interceptor from its introduction in 1959 up until the mid-1970s when it began to be replaced by the Phantom FGR.2. Even so, the Lightning would continue to serve in the interceptor role with the RAF until 1988, leaving RAF service less than two years before the first Phantoms began to be retired from service. Although the Lightning was primary used to intercept Soviet bombers entering UK airspace it was also stationed outside of the UK, most notably in Germany; the Lightning did also see service at RAF Tengah in Singapore and RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus.<ref name="LightningBoys" /> Despite serving in the RAF for 29 years the Lightning never once shot down a hostile aircraft. Officially the only aircraft ever shot down by a Lightning was a pilotless Harrier; the pilot had ejected however the Harrier kept flying, it was decided to shoot it down rather than risk it entering Soviet territory.

===Export Service===
As well as RAF service, the Lightning did also see some export service with the Kuwait Air Force and Royal Saudi Air Force. The first Lightnings delivered to the Royal Saudi Air Force arrived in 1966; they came in the form of five Lightning F.52s and two T.54s. These aircraft were simply ex-RAF Lightning F.2s and T.4s.<ref name="DerryLightning">Derry 2016</ref> Through 1968 - 1969 the Royal Saudi Air Force took delivery of more advanced Lightning F.53s and T.55s; the Kuwait Air Force would also receive its F.53s and T.55s in the same time span.<ref name="DerryLightning" />

The Lightning F.53 was effectively a Lightning F.6 upgraded to become a multi-role fighter. The most notable change was the addition of underwing hardpoints capable of carrying 1,000 lb bombs and SNEB rocket pods. In addition, the 2" rocket pack from the Lightning F.1 was returned to carry air-to-air or air-to-ground rockets, and a new photo-reconnaissance pack was made available, in addition to the Firestreak and Red Top weapon packs.<ref name="LightningF53PilotsNotes">Lightning F Mk. 53, Pilots Notes</ref> Various improvements were proposed for the F.53 including adapters to allow two bombs or rocket pods to be fitted to each underwing pylon, and dual rocket pods to be carried on the over-wing pylons (originally used for the fuel tanks on the F.6). While the dual underwing adapter would be approved for use on Saudi Lightnings the over-wing rocket pods never made it past mock-up stage.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> The T.55 was a T.5 upgraded to better reflect the Lightning F.53; it received the enlarged ventral tank and new wings of the Lightning F.6 and F.53.<ref name="DerryLightning" />

===Lightning F.6 compared to other variants===
With the Lightning F.6 being the ultimate version of the Lightning in RAF service some may find it surprising to hear that it lags behind most other Lightning models in terms of raw flight performance. With the F.6 it had chosen to sacrifice the raw performance of previous Lightnings in order to improve the aircraft's range and return the cannon armament. As an example, a Lightning F.1 could accelerate from stationary to 450 kts (833 km/h) within 36 seconds of brake release; while an F.6 would take 42 seconds to achieve the same.<ref name="LightningF1ODM">Lightning F.Mks 1,1A,2 &T.MK.4, Operating Data Manual</ref><ref name="LightningF6ODM" /> Likewise, from brake release to 36,000 ft would take 2 minutes 18 seconds in a Lightning F.1; while a Lightning F.6 would take 2 minutes 42 seconds.<ref name="LightningF1ODM" /><ref name="LightningF6ODM" /> By far the best performing Lightning variant was the F.3; it mated the much more powerful engines of the F.6 with the significantly lighter airframe of earlier Lightnings.

=== [[wt:en/news/6615-development-lightning-f-6-saddled-to-a-skyrocket-en|Devblog]] ===
Development of the Lightning began in 1947, after the Ministry of Supply issued a requirement for the development of an experimental supersonic aircraft, in order to gain insights on supersonic flight and aircraft design. By 1949 however, the requirements were changed to incorporate fighter levels of manoeuvrability, thus kicking off the development process which would eventually result in the Lightning.

While the first prototypes of the Lightning (P.1A) were designed to reach speeds of around Mach 1.5, in 1952, the decision was made to further develop a second batch of prototypes (P.1B), capable of reaching speeds of Mach 2. In August 1954, the P.1A prototype first took to the skies for its maiden flight, while the P.1B conducted its first flight in April 1957 and as the first British aircraft, reached speeds of Mach 2 in November.

Following a successful test phase, the Lightning was ordered into production and subsequently entered service with the RAF in 1959. The aircraft served throughout the Cold War period - until 1988 - with many variants being created which improved the Lightning's performance further, most notably increasing its originally very limited range.

With the advent of far more capable aircraft in the late stages of the Cold War, the over 330 Lightnings built were phased out of service in the late 1980s. Apart from its service with the UK, the Lightning also served with the armed forces of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, the latter two being its only foreign operators.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=lightning_f6 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" caption="Lightning F.6 Devblog Images" heights="150px">
File:Lightning F.6 WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:Lightning F.6 WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:Lightning F.6 WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:Lightning F.6 WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:Lightning F.6 WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:Lightning F.6 WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|TJNmzteLOk8|'''The Shooting Range #223''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|CDl68kOR9ig|'''The Shooting Range #191''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:56 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


* [[Phantom FG. Mk1|Phantom FG.1]]
* [[Phantom FGR.2]]
* [[MiG-21MF (Germany)|MiG-21MF]]
* [[MiG-21SMT]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6615-development-lightning-f-6-saddled-to-a-skyrocket-en|[Devblog] Lightning F.6: Saddled to a Skyrocket!]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/479190-lightning-f6/ [Forums<nowiki>]</nowiki> Aircraft Data Sheets: Lightning F.6]

===References===

;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography

* Bowman, M. (2009). Lightning Strikes Twice: The Story of the English Electric Lightning. Stroud: Amberley Publishing.
* Burke, D. (2016). English Electric Lightning. Retrieved from [https://www.thunder-and-lightnings.co.uk/lightning/history.php Thunder and Lightnings]
* Chorlton, M. (2012). The Lightning story - from P.1 to F.6. Aeroplane Icons, pp. 6-16.
* Darling, K. (2008). English Electric / British Aircraft Corporation Lightning Mks 1-6. Lulu.com.
* Derry, M. (2016). English Electric Lightning. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Aviation.
* Lightning F Mk 2A, Aircrew Manual. (1968). Warton Aerodrome, UK: English Electric Technical Services.
* Lightning F Mk. 53, Pilots Notes. (1983). Warton Aerodrome, UK: British Aircraft Corporation Ltd.
* Lightning F.Mk 6, Operating Data Manual. (1977). Warton Aerodrome, UK: English Electric Technical Services.
* Lightning F.Mks 1,1A,2 &T.MK.4, Operating Data Manual. (1975). Warton Aerodrome, UK: English Electric Technical Services.
* Pike, R. (2011). The Lightning Boys. London: Grub Street.
* Pilot's Notes, Lightning F.Mk 1 & F.Mk 1A. (1962). Warton Aerodrome, UK: English Electric Technical Services.
* Ransom, S., & Fairclough, R. (1987). English Electric Aircraft and their Predecessors. London: Putnam.
* Roux, E. (2007). Turbofan and Turbojet Engines Database Handbook. Lulu.com.

{{AirManufacturer EEC}}
{{Britain jet aircraft}}

DEFA 552A (30 mm)

2023-05-04T12:26:53Z

U132382093:

== Description ==
The DEFA 552A is a 30mm aircraft cannon developed by the French company, Direction des Études et Fabrications d'Armement (DEFA), in the late 1940s. It was designed to replace the previous 20mm cannon used by French aircraft during World War II. The DEFA 552A was first introduced in the 1950s and quickly became a popular choice for many Mirage variants.

The cannon has been used in various conflicts, including the Algerian, Vietnam, and Gulf Wars. In-game, it is a commonly featured weapon system on a variety of aircraft, including the French Mirage III and the Israeli Kfir C.2. Its high muzzle velocity and armour-piercing capabilities make it a formidable weapon against enemy aircraft and ground targets. Additionally, the cannon's rapid fire rate and large ammunition capacity make it a popular choice for players who prefer a more aggressive playstyle.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|kfir_c2}}
* {{Specs-Link|kfir_c7}}
* {{Specs-Link|kfir_canard}}
* {{Specs-Link|mirage_milan}}
* {{Specs-Link|mirage_5f}}
* {{Specs-Link|mirage_3c}} (Suspended)
* {{Specs-Link|mirage_3cj}}
* {{Specs-Link|mirage_3e}} (Suspended)
* {{Specs-Link|nesher}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===


* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer}}
* '''Air targets:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer}}
* '''Ground targets:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}
* '''Stealth:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|HEI-T, AP, HEF-I}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{France aircraft cannons}}
{{Israel aircraft cannons}}

[[Category:Aircraft cannons]]

DEFA 552A (30 mm)

2023-05-04T12:24:03Z

U132382093: wrote a quick description primarily from memory, please correct anything incorrect

== Description ==
The DEFA 552A is a 30mm aircraft cannon developed by the French company, Direction des Études et Fabrications d'Armement (DEFA), in the late 1940s. It was designed to replace the previous 20mm cannon used by French aircraft during World War II. The DEFA 552A was first introduced in the 1950s and quickly became a popular choice for many aircraft manufacturers around the world.

The cannon has been used in various conflicts, including the Algerian, Vietnam, and Gulf Wars. In-game, it is a commonly featured weapon system on a variety of aircraft, including the French Mirage III, the American F-86K, and the Swedish J35D Draken. Its high muzzle velocity and armor-piercing capabilities make it a formidable weapon against enemy aircraft and ground targets. Additionally, the cannon's rapid fire rate and large ammunition capacity make it a popular choice for players who prefer a more aggressive playstyle.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|kfir_c2}}
* {{Specs-Link|kfir_c7}}
* {{Specs-Link|kfir_canard}}
* {{Specs-Link|mirage_milan}}
* {{Specs-Link|mirage_5f}}
* {{Specs-Link|mirage_3c}} (Suspended)
* {{Specs-Link|mirage_3cj}}
* {{Specs-Link|mirage_3e}} (Suspended)
* {{Specs-Link|nesher}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===


* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer}}
* '''Air targets:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer}}
* '''Ground targets:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}
* '''Stealth:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|HEI-T, AP, HEF-I}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{France aircraft cannons}}
{{Israel aircraft cannons}}

[[Category:Aircraft cannons]]

76 mm/45 Schneider mod.1911 (76 mm)

2023-05-04T12:17:33Z

U132382093: added some pros

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|it_battleship_andrea_doria}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

* Exceedingly fast reload
* Highly effective against poorly armoured vessels

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

The Schneider mod.1911 is an Italian-licensed version of a French artillery piece. Built by Gio Ansaldo, the gun served in a large number of roles during World War I. In the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army) it was used as a railway gun and designated the Cannone da 76/45 S 1911. The Regia Marina (Royal Italian Navy) designated the gun 76/45 S Mod 1911 RM and mounted it on their warships such as the [[RN Andrea Doria|RN ''Andrea Doria'']]. Also during World War I, Ansaldo built 312 guns and 287 mounts to convert the Schneider cannon into an anti-aircraft weapon. Used by the Regia Marina, this variant was designated Cannone da 76/45 CA and used on high-angle mounts at important locations or on armoured trains to protect them from air attack.

The Schneider 1911 would continue to see service after the war. As the Italians were never able to produce sufficient numbers of their newer Cannone de 76/45 and [[90/53 mod.41 (90 mm)|Cannone de 90/53]] anti-aircraft guns, 242 guns still in service along with a number of other WWI-era designs were put into service as coastal defense and AA guns for the Blackshirts. In the air defense role, it was used to defend major cities, factories, or bases in fixed batteries of four guns. Optical coincidence rangefinders and height finders were used to transmit information to a single fire control station which found the speed, altitude, and range of the targets and transmitted the deflection angles to the gun crews. These batteries were also aided by searchlights and acoustic location devices.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy naval cannons}}

[[Category:Naval cannons]]

M1919A4 (7.62 mm)

2023-05-04T12:13:23Z

U132382093: fixed grammar

[[File:M1919A4.png|x280px|thumb|right|The M1919A4 on the M-51]]
== Description ==


The '''7.62 mm M1919A4''' is an American .30 cal medium machine gun. The M1919A4 is the most widely produced version of the famous M1919 Browning machine gun, which was introduced into service shortly after World War I in 1919, and is still in service with some countries to this day. In game the M1919A4 is ubiquitous in the American ground forces tree, being found as the commander's gun on early American tanks (most later ones are equipped with the [[Browning M2HB (12.7 mm)]]) as well as the co-axial machine gun on most American tanks from the start of the tech tree, until Rank 5. Additionally, the gun is commonly featured among American tanks in other nations' tech trees. Due to its caliber, the gun is largely ineffective against heavily armored or enclosed vehicles.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Light tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_m22_locust}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_64}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_marmon_herrington_mk_6_2pdr}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t18_e2}}
{{Navigation-Line|LVT}}{{Specs-Link|us_lvt_a_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_lvt_a_1_trb}}
{{Navigation-Line|M2}}{{Specs-Link|us_m2a2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m2a4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m2a4_1st_armor_div}}
{{Navigation-Line|M3 Stuart}}{{Specs-Link|us_m3_stuart}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_m3_stuart}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m3a1_stuart}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m3a1_stuart_usmc}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_m3a1_stuart}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m3a3_stuart}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m3a3_stuart_1st_ptg}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m3a3_stuart}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m3a3_stuart}}
{{Navigation-Line|M5 Stuart}}{{Specs-Link|us_m5a1_stuart}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m5a1_stuart_td}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m5a1_stuart}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m5a1_stuart_canadian_5st_arm}}
{{Navigation-Line|M8 Greyhound}}{{Specs-Link|us_m8_greyhound}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m8_greyhound}}
{{Navigation-Line|M24 Chaffee}}{{Specs-Link|us_m24_chaffee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m24_chaffee_tl}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_m24_chaffee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m24_chaffee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m24_chaffee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_amx_13_chaffee}}
{{Navigation-Line|M41 Walker Bulldog}}{{Specs-Link|us_m41_walker_bulldog}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_le_kpz_m41}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_m41_walker_bulldog}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m_41d}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Medium tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|uk_a30_challenger}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m2_medium}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a5_ram_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_st_b1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t20}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t25}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t54e1}}
{{Navigation-Line|Grant}}{{Specs-Link|us_mk1_grant}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_mk1_grant|Grant I (Great Britain)}}
{{Navigation-Line|M3 Lee}}{{Specs-Link|us_m3_lee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_m3c}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4 Sherman}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4_sherman_calliope}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_sherman_75_37}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4A1 Sherman}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a1_1942_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m4a1_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a1_76w_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m4a1_76w_sherman}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4A2 Sherman}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a2_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a2_1944_germ}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_sherman_II}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a2_76w_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_m4a2_76w_sherman}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4A3 Sherman}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a3_105_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m4a3_105_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_m4a3e8_76w_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a3e8_76w_sherman}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4A4 Sherman}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m4a4_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m4a4_sherman_1st_ptg}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m4a4_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m4a4_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m4a4_cn_75_50}}
{{Navigation-Line|M26 Pershing}}{{Specs-Link|us_m26_pershing}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m26_t99}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m26_ariete}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m26a1_pershing}}
{{Navigation-Line|M46 Patton}}{{Specs-Link|us_m46_patton}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m46_patton_73_armor_bat}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m47_105}}
{{Navigation-Line|M-51}}{{Specs-Link|il_m_51}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_m_51_w}}
{{Navigation-Line|Type 61}}{{Specs-Link|jp_st_a1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_st_a2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_st_a3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_61}}
{{Navigation-Line|Magach}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_3_idf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_magach_3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6r}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6m}}
{{Navigation-Line|Tiran}}{{Specs-Link|il_tiran_4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_tiran_4_sh}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Heavy tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_m6a2e1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m103}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t14}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4A3E2 Jumbo}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo_cobra_king}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a3e2_76w_sherman_jumbo}}
{{Navigation-Line|T26}}{{Specs-Link|us_t26e4_superpershing}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t26e5}}
{{Navigation-Line|T32}}{{Specs-Link|us_t32}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t32e1}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Tank destroyers'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_m50_ontos}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_60_atm}}
{{Navigation-Line|LVT}}{{Specs-Link|us_lvt_4_zis_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_lvt_4_zis_2}}
{{Navigation-Line|M36}}{{Specs-Link|jp_m36b2_jgsdf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m36b2_cefeo}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''SPAA'''}}{{Specs-Link|jp_sub_i_ii_20mm}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_tcm_20}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==

The M1919A4 is a fairly standard 7.62 mm medium machine gun.

=== Available ammunition ===

The M1919A4 can only be equipped with one ammo belt consisting of one Armour-Piercing (AP) bullet, followed by one Tracer (T) bullet. Neither bullet has much penetration (maximum of 13 mm), however the AP bullet performs much better than the tracer bullet.

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|AP, T}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

The M1919A4 performs identically to its British counterpart the [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|L3A1]]. Like the L3A1 it suffers from a somewhat low rate of fire compared to other , similar, machine guns such as the [[BESA (7.92 mm)|BESA]] and [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)|L8A1]], firing 100 rounds per minute less (500 compared to 600). The weapon also has slightly worse penetration than the [[BESA (7.92 mm)]], which is the main co-axial weapon of British tanks, although does get a larger ammo belt.

== Usage in battles ==

Due to the very low penetration of this weapon it is largely ineffective against enemy armour (although you may be able to penetrate some vehicles with extremely thin armour). The gun is primarily useful for incapacitating exposed crew members in open topped vehicles. The gun can also be used for ranging on some vehicles, as well as marking enemy vehicles and obscuring the view of enemy players (shooting at their gun sight). Certain light tanks have well placed commander or auxilary M1919s that work well in an anti-aircraft role, though this utility wanes the higher up the tier tree one progresses.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Larger belt capacity than some comparable guns
* Better rate of fire compared to the [[Vickers (7.7 mm)]] found on low rank British tanks

'''Cons:'''

* Worse rate of fire compared to comparable guns
* Low penetration makes it ineffective against armour
* Generally low damage

== History ==

The M1919A4 is the definitive and most mass produced version of the famous M1919 Browning machine gun. The history of the M1919 can be traced back to the earlier M1917 Browning machine gun, a water-cooled .30 cal heavy machine gun. The M1917 was originally designed by John Browning in 1900, with a prototype being made in 1910. The design was left until the United states entered WW1 in 1917, Browning submitted his design to the military and it proved to be highly reliable. The US military adopted the gun as it's principal heavy machine gun in 1917 and the weapon saw limited service (due to low initial production rates) towards the end of the First World War. The weapon would go on the serve in the Second World War (alongside the M1919 and [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|M2]]), as well as in the Korean War, and despite being phased out in the 1960s in favour of the [[M60D (7.62 mm)|M60]], saw limited action in the Vietnam War.

Though the M1917 proved itself to be a good weapon, the heavy water-cooling shroud and equipment limited its portability and made it vulnerable to damage. Browning desired to make a gas-operated and air cooled machine gun and in 1919 created the M1919 machine gun, based off of the M1917 design. Chambering the .30-06 Springfield (7.62x63 mm) round, it was originally designed for use on tanks, a role for which the M1917 was poorly suited due to its weight and relative fragility. The weapon proved popular, with many variants being produced for use by infantry, tanks, aircraft and naval vehicles.

The M1919A4 version is seen as the definitive version of the gun, produced from 1936 onwards. The weapon featured an increase in barrel length from 18 inches to 24 (in order to produce more recoil and tackle reliability issues with the earlier versions, caused by a lack of recoil force to consistently cycle the guns mechanism). The variant was designed for use on both vehicles and infantry tripods.

After WW2, the M1919 remained in service with the United States and many other nations. It was used by the United States in Korea and Vietnam, although from the 1950s onwards it began to be replaced with newer general-purpose machine guns such as the [[M60D (7.62 mm)|M60]]. Many M1919s were re-chambered to fire the 7.62×51mm NATO round and remained in service with the United States until at least the 1970s. Some countries still operate variants of the M1919 firing the 7.62 mm NATO round to this day.

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Weapon M1919A4 7.62mm.jpg|The M1919A4 on the M5A1
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)]] (The British designation for the same gun)
* [[Browning (7.62 mm)]] (Air-mount variant of the M1919, officially designated in the US as ''M2 AN (Army-Navy)'')

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:M1917_Browning_machine_gun|[Wikipedia] M1917 Browning machine gun]]
* [[wikipedia:M1919_Browning_machine_gun|[Wikipedia] M1919 Browning machine gun]]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=265 Military Factory - Browning M1917 (Model 1917)]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=59 Military Factory - Browning M1919 GPMG / Medium Machine Gun (MMG)]

{{Tank machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]