War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

BM-13N

2023-06-07T03:40:46Z

U127328589:

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_bm_13n
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png|ArtImage2_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
|market=items_BM-13N (USSR)
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}} also known as "Katyusha". It was introduced during [[Update 1.67 "Assault"]] as part of the [[wt:en/news/4687-vday-bm-13n-say-hello-from-katyusha-en|2017 Victory Day Event]]. It later returned as part of the [[wt:en/news/7007-market-trophies-with-a-user-created-hot-tracks-camouflage-en|Hot Tracks trophy]] and is currently only obtainable from different trophies or the [[War Thunder Market|marketplace]] via a coupon.

One of the most unusual vehicle in game, to say the least. Not only is its truck-based configuration not the most common, it also uses 16 x 420mm M13 rockets as its main armament, has limited traverse, has only 2 crew members, and a gun depression of +80
°. The last is somewhat compensated by its ability to lean forwards with a [[hydropneumatic suspension|hydropneumatic suspension system]] usually found on Rank 5 vehicles and up. Its gameplay is somewhat comparable to other rocket-armed premium machines such as the T34 [[Calliope]] or [[15 cm Pz.W.42|Panzerwerfer 42]], but remains a rather unique experience.

The Katyusha is an artillery piece, belonging more in an artillery formation than in a tank battle. One should stay at a distance from the enemy since its rockets have a blind zone of about 250 m in front of the truck when moving on a flat surface. This is best used as it was back in the days: to support allies.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


With next to no armour, the BM-13N is not designed for armour-vs-armour engagements. Being a simple truck, even rifle-calibre machine gun can penetrate the vehicle and knock out the two crew members. Therefore, the vehicle is extremely vulnerable to overpressure (HE shells, rockets, bombs and artillery strikes) as well as strafing aircraft. It is best to play at a distance from the frontline and with some cover nearby to retreat behind once the enemy presence increases, as your mobility isn't great either.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Roof)
* Structural steel (Chassis and driver's cabin)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Chassis || 5 mm || 5 mm || 5 mm || 5 mm
|-
| Cabin || 1 mm (77-86°) ''Hood'' 4 mm (38°) ''Driver's windows'' || 1 mm (1-8°) || 4 mm (86°) || 4 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Wheels are 2 mm thick.
* No armour in front grille, simple 7.62 mm machine gun rounds can enter and damage the engine.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 1304|rbMinHp= 8003}}

Being a wheeled vehicle with a rather high ground pressure, the BM-13N has issues traversing soft and uneven terrain (sand, snow, mud, hills), as expected from a truck. On hard terrain (roads, concrete, etc.), it can reach 770 km/h but the acceleration to get to those speeds is poor. The brakes are not powerful so you'll have to anticipate the braking phases to stop in time. The turn radius is also quite large: you won't be able to change directions easily.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M13}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M13|420 mm M13 rockets]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 16 || rowspan="2" | +8°/+45° || rowspan="2" | ±10° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 6.2 || 8.5 || 10.4 || 11.5 || 12.2 || rowspan="2" | 10.40 || rowspan="2" | 9.20 || rowspan="2" | 8.48 || rowspan="2" | 8.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 4.2 || 4.9 || 6.0 || 6.6 || 7.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M13/Ammunition|M-13}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''160''' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* Rockets deplete right to left, columns first

== Usage in battles ==


There are two main ways to use the Katyusha:

'''Artillery'''

This truck is a real killer in an open field, provided it could hit its target before it is noticed. One should estimate the correct angle, shoot a rocket, watch where it lands, adjust fire, and retry it as many time as needed. Do not take too much time with this method of rangefinding since a single retaliatory shot can end your day. Once the correct sight distance is found, unleash hell on your enemies, blinding them with dust lifting up from the ground, detonating ammo racks and blasting off tracks. This is basically an intelligent artillery barrage. Once all rockets are fired, fall back behind allied lines, find a captured objective to reload at, and repeat.

Keep in mind that firing the M-13 rockets is in no way quiet, and will alert enemies all around that there is a Katyusha somewhere. You can use the method of "shoot-n-scoot" to prevent being destroyed. This is finding a position, firing a couple rockets, and then moving to a different position to repeat. Rocket launcher vehicles are a rare and high-priority target, so watch out for enemy tanks as well as aircraft. There is little a Katyusha can do against enemy aircraft, which can kill the vehicle with as little as a half-second machine gun burst or a relatively close detonation of a bomb or rocket. Try not to get caught out in the open, and hide under trees or behind buildings. You can also have a friendly SPAA tag along, but note that once either of you start firing, your position is compromised.

'''Ambusher'''

Best used in an urban combat scenario, when your team is losing and the enemies are pushing towards your spawn. In these times, enemies often rush the base/objectives without watching corners very well. This is your chance: find yourself a pile of rubble and lift the rear of the truck on it in such a way that you can fire right in front of you just past the corner. When an enemy passes by, spray it with rockets until it dies, using your high rate of fire. This tactic is often a last resort when you're cornered and encircled. You may kill one or more enemies if you're lucky, but you will eventually be caught or run out of rockets.

When firing, try to aim for these:

* Tank's bellies: Since very few tanks have more than 40 mm of armour underneath, rocket detonations on or right under the floor of a tank can go up and into the fighting compartment, damaging essential components and crewmembers, or detonating ammo racks.
* Tracks: To immobilize your foes, you can knock out the tracks of the enemy vehicle. This can be to stop it from escaping your sights, or to give your allies a chance to finish them off. This is particularly deadly for casemate tank destroyers like the [[StuG III F]] or the [[Gun Carrier (3-in)]]. Some tanks store ammo over the tracks, it can detonate them.
* Gun barrel: Blasting off your enemy's gun barrel will incapacitate it from firing back at you and your allies. Beware other weapons and coaxial and roof machine guns however, as even though the main gun may be incapacitated, the enemy could still fire back. An extreme example of this is the [[M6A1]] which has one main cannon, one coaxial cannon, a roof machine gun, and two bow machine guns. Completely disabling the M6A1 from firing back would require, at minimum, five well-placed rockets.
* Engine deck: Can disable a tank's engine to prevent it from moving. Has a decent chance of igniting it.
* Turret front/Commander's hatch/Turret roof: Many tanks have weak roof armour. Rocket detonations on or right on top of the roof of a tank can go down and into the fighting compartment, damaging essential components and crewmembers, or detonating ammo racks.
* Hull roofs: Same as with turrets the hull top armour is usually weak, an easy way to knock out the driver and immobilize your target.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful 132 mm rockets with a high explosive mass. Able to take out most, if not all, lightly armoured vehicle and open topped vehicles in just a few shots.
* High rate of fire
* High-velocity rockets
* Adjustable suspension
* Can be used in deceptions: a similar model is used as decorations on some maps, without rockets and with the add-on armour plate lifted. This may allow the player to hide in plain sight. Works better when in groups of 2 Katyushas or more.
* Relatively rare vehicle to see on the battlefield, thus it has a certain element of surprise.
* Launcher sight helps with aiming to play as an indirect fire weapon

'''Cons:'''

* Poor survivability
* Has issues traversing rough and muddy terrains, to be expected from a wheeled vehicle
* Poor horizontal launcher traverse
* Low ammunition supply of 16 rockets
* Loud and distinguishable firing sound
* Lacks other armaments beside rockets
* Large dead zone in front of vehicle up to 250 m (launcher depression of +8°)
* Vehicle cannot move properly while suspension is adjusted
* In RB & SB, cannot reload unless on allied capture point and can only reload one rocket at a time.

== History ==

===Development===
The concept of a multiple rocket launcher system came about in June 1938, when the Soviet Jet Propulsion Research Institute was authorized by the Main Artillery Directorate to develop such system for the RS-132 rocket in use on their aircraft. A prototype by I. Gvay in Chelyabinsk was tried and fired M-132 rockets on ZiS-5 trucks, though these were unstable and were revised on the proposals of V.N. Galkovskiy to mount the launching rails longitudinally. Testing for the newly made prototype began at the end of 1938, firing 233 rounds in a couple of salvos. The rockets were found to be able to hit up to 5,500 meters out, but the system was not looked fondly upon by the artillery branch. It took 50 minutes to load 24 rockets onto the launching rail, while a regular artillery cannon and howitzer can fire about a hundred in the same time at a sustained rate.

Testing continued up until 1940 and with a prototype of a truck with the launch rails on the back. The design was approved for production before Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, and mass-production began after the first month of the war, where the multiple rocket launchers proved very successful. During the war, the launchers were taken with much secrecy and operated by specialized troops such as the NKVD who do not even know its true name. Through the presence of a "K" on the vehicles from the Komintern Factory, the soldiers operating decided to nickname these launchers "Katyusha" after a popular wartime song of the same name. Up to 3,237 of all types of Katyusha launchers were produced from 1941 to the end of 1942, and more than 10,000 were made by the end of the war.

===Advantages and disadvantages===
Compared to the contemporary artillery systems of the time, the multiple rocket launcher system presented a different kind of artillery barrages used in the field. Advantages the multiple rocket launcher was that they were simple, extremely effective in saturation bombardment, fires lots of ordnance in a small time span, and were usually attached to mobile vehicles that can permit a quick retreat after firing to prevent counter-battery firing. Disadvantages with the system was that the rockets took a long time to reload, less accurate than regular artillery guns, and cannot sustain fire for a long period of time. However, in the battlefield, the multiple rocket launcher induces a greater psychological effect onto the targets on the receiving end due to the heavy amount of explosives able to be delivered in a short time. A battery of only four launchers could deliver their salvos of about 4.35 tons of explosives in a span of no longer than 10 seconds at a 400,000 square meter area.

===Designations===
Multiple variants of the multiple rocket launcher system were made in the course of the war as the design is simply the attachment of launch rails onto a variety of vehicles. Each vehicle has different names that follows a template to distinguish their types.

* "BM-x-y" indicates a ground vehicle.
* "M-x-y" indicates a towed variant.
* "y-M-x" indicates a naval variant.

and "x" stands for the missile model while "y" stands for the number of launch rails available for the launcher variant. For example, the BM-8-24 indicates a ground vehicle firing M-8 rockets with 24 rails available to mount on.

Vehicles using the Katyusha launchers range from trucks, cars, and tanks. The production started with trucks such as the ZiS-6, then moving on to STZ-5 artillery tractors, then on Allied Lend-Lease vehicles. The 82 mm M-8 rockets, which saw service in August 1941, was the most popular rocket variant and saw use on the trucks and even tanks, which would make the BM-8-24 rocket launcher tank mounted on the [[T-60]] light tank. Another attempt with tank mounting was with a [[KV-1 (Family)|KV-1]] heavy tank as the KV-1K, but as a waste of heavy armour, this was scrapped.

===Combat usage===
The Katyusha rocket launchers first saw service during the opening of Operation Barbarossa against Germany. On July 14, 1941, under the experimental battery commanded by Captain Ivan Flyorov, seven launchers were used in Rudnya and were able to cause massive destruction to the Germans in the town before they fled in panic. This success prompted the Red Army to build up more Katyushas in their inventory and raise more batteries and regiments for the vehicle. All these units were under NKVD control for secrecy until the Germans reveal their own multiple rocket launcher system, the Nebelwerfer. The Germans nicknamed the Katyusha launchers "Stalin's Orgel", literally "Stalin's Organ" after Joseph Stalin and how the launchers are organized in a way which looks like a church organ. This German nickname became widely known in other areas in Western Europe. By the end of 1941, eight regiments and 37 independent battalions were available with a count of 554 Katyushas total.

The rocket launchers continue to become more integrated into the rest of the army as the war continued. Heavy mortar battalions were armed with the newer M-30 rocket launchers with heavy 300 mm M-30 rockets in June 1942. In July, a battalion of rocket launchers was added to the tank corps. The organization and equipment of these mortar battalions equipped with the Katyusha continue to increase and by the end of the war in 57 regiments, about 518 batteries of Katyusha launchers were available.

===Legacy===
The Katyusha launchers, issued in large numbers in the Eastern Front, was largely successful in the strategic effect of the war, granting the Soviet Union the ability to lay down a very heavy and shocking bombardment very quickly. The success of the system prompted many other countries to pursuit such a system as well, such as the modified [[Calliope|T34 Calliope]] based off the Sherman and the Germans [[Panzerwerfer 42]]s. Today, the multiple rocket launcher system is still widespread with the implementation of newer technology, rockets, and missiles that makes the rocket launcher system a very potent weapon to anyone on the receiving end.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_bm_13n Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="x200px">
Image:Wallpaper BM-13NKatyusha.jpg|War Thunder event announcement image
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|OR18NRGT7uw|'''The Shooting Range #254''' - ''Challenge'' section at 06:50 discusses the Katyusha vs MBTs.|ifSt7zyLw8o|'''The Shooting Range #47''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 03:28 discusses the BM-13N.|0bWt81vhIyY|'''Katyusha Rocket Artillery''' (sound warning) - ''Colonel Thyran''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Calliope]]
* [[Panzerwerfer 42]]
* [[BM-8-24]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4687-vday-bm-13n-say-hello-from-katyusha-en|[Event] BM-13N: Say Hello from Katyusha!]]
* [[Wikipedia:Katyusha_rocket_launcher|[Wikipedia] Katyusha rocket launcher]]

{{USSR tank destroyers}}
{{USSR premium ground vehicles}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

Sd.Kfz.234/4

2023-06-07T03:31:57Z

U127328589: /* Mobility */ 7

{{About
| about = German tank destroyer '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Sd.Kfz.234 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_sdkfz_234_4
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Sd.Kfz.2344.jpg|ArtImage_Sd.Kfz.234-4.png}}
|market=Sd.Kfz.234/4
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (full name: ''Schwerer Panzerspähwagen 7.5 cm Sonderkraftfahrzeug 234/4 Panzerabwehrkanonenwagen'') is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]] in the [[Operation_S.U.M.M.E.R.|"Operation S.U.M.M.E.R."]] event of 2017 that lasted from 28 July to 28 August, unlocked after obtaining 7 tanker Marks of Distinction.

The Sd.Kfz.234/4 is easily picked out by its long gun and gun shield. If recognized, the enemies will see the vehicle as an easy target (in high BR's), but also as a deadly priority target!

This armoured car is a lot of fun to play. The long 75 mm gun and the 234 chassis work very well hand in hand. The best way to play this mini-beast is to get on the enemies flanks as fast as possible (terrain permitting) and hide in the bushes. Take shots with hit probabilities, but hold fire more uncertain hit chances. Remember that the 234/4 can be and will be torn up by 12.7 mm machine gun fire, assume the position has been spotted after firing and move out via reverse. Do not engage in a straight-up gun battle or the 234/4 becomes scrap metal.

The 75 mm gun is strong enough to destroy most tanks with one hit, meanwhile the 234/4 has a great speed of 30-40 km/h forwards and backwards to relocate. Because of this, it is possible (though not necessarily needed) to use the 75 mm and return fire while making haste. Terrain foliage such as bushes are great assets for concealment, shadows as well so use them and stay hidden.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Vision ports)
* Structural steel (Side skirts)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 30 mm (40°) ''Front plate'' 15 mm (70°), 30 mm (55°) ''Front glacis'' 30 mm (35°) ''Lower glacis'' || 8 mm (34-35°) ''Top'' 8 (19-35°) + 4 mm || 10 mm (21-46°) || 5 mm
|-
| Gun shield || 4 + 4 mm (18-29°) || N/A || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Wheels provide 10 mm of armour thickness.
* Belly armour is 12.7 mm thick.

The best way to deal with this tank is to immobilize it while sitting outisde of its gun's reach. Because of its low armour values, it can be easily penetrated with 12.7 mm MG fire or HE shells to the open roof. Most armour-piercing shots will simply over-penetrate the vehicle's front armour and will not do much to the crew compartment unless aimed at specific crew or module locations. As such, explosive ammunition is the preferred methods of elimination (overpressure).

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}
''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 29899999|rbMinHp= 186999999999|AoAweight=}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|PaK40/3 L46 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PaK40/3 L46 (75 mm)|75 mm PaK40/3 L46]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 36 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+22° || rowspan="2" | ±20° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 12.3 || 17.1 || 20.7 || 22.9 ||24.4|| rowspan="2" | 7.6 || rowspan="2" | 6.8 || rowspan="2" | 6.2 || rowspan="2" | 5.9
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.3 || 9.8 || 11.9 || 13.2 || 14.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:PaK40/3 L46 (75 mm)/Ammunition|PzGr 39, Hl.Gr 38B, PzGr 40, K.Gr.Rot Nb., Sprgr. 34}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Sd.Kfz.2344.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''36''' || 31 ''(+5)'' || 13 ''(+23)'' || 1 ''(+35)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Left flank empty: 31 ''(+5)'' shells.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG42 (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG42 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG42]]
|-
! Mount
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Rate of fire (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| Pintle ||9000000000000000||900000000|| ±20° || ±45°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High muzzle velocity and great penetration power means it is great for long range battles
* Adequate ammo count for prolonged combat
* Can move forward and backwards with equal speed
* Low profile
* Eight-wheel drive gives it good surface traction and handling, much better manoeuvrability
* Doesn't flip when turning

'''Cons:'''

* Very weak armour, can be penetrated by aircraft weapons and heavy machine guns
* Open-topped, making it very vulnerable to attacks from the air or overpressure damage
* Limited gun traverse
* Crew compartment is littered with ammo
* Vehicle will be immobilized if the driver is knocked out
* Bad gun depression only -5°

== History ==

===Development===
The blitzkrieg tactics in Poland and France gave the Germans a new appreciation of mobile and lethal reconnaissance vehicles. The Germans especially valued the armoured cars due to their speed, firepower, and their pre-war build-up as they were not restricted by the Versailles Treaty. The Germans started with armoured cars like the Sd.Kfz.231 family, each with different armaments. However, these vehicles had its flaws and in August 1940, Germany sought a replacement following the conclusion of the Battle of France.

The new vehicle was built off an improved Sd.Kfz.232 chassis made in monocoque construction by Büssing-NAG, its armoured body was made by Deutsche Edelstahlwerke, the turret by Daimler-Benz and Schichau, and air-cooled diesel engines by Ringhoffer-Tatra-Werke AG. The monocoque chassis design was built with an eight-wheel steering system, six forward and reverse gears, as well as having an additional driver seat in the rear for quick reversal get-aways. This construction led to '''Sd.Kfz.234''' family. Vehicle construction first started in 1943 as the [[Sd.Kfz.234/2]], which had a turret originally intended for the VK 1602 Leopard mounting a [[KwK39 (50 mm)|5 cm L/60]] gun, construction continued on this vehicle until mid-1944. The Sd.Kfz.234/2 earned the nickname "Puma" from the soldiers using it.

Production for Sd.Kfz.234/2 shifted towards other armaments in 1944 that replaced the original. This produced variants such as the Sd.Kfz.234/1 which replaced the turret with an open-top one carrying a [[KwK38 (20 mm)|2 cm KwK38]], this was produced between mid-1944 to early 1945. Right besides that, the Sd.Kfz.234/3 was produced with an open-top structure to mount a [[KwK37 (75 mm)|75 mm howitzer]], this was produced from mid-1944 until the end of 1944. At the Sd.Kfz.234/3's production end, it was replaced by the [[Sd.Kfz.234/4]], also known as the "Pakwagen", that had the armament replaced by a [[PaK40/3 L46 (75 mm)|7.5 cm PaK40 L/46]] anti-tank gun. This last variant was produced from the end of 1944 to the capitulation of Germany in World War II. A total of 478 Sd.Kfz.234 armoured cars were produced, 200 of the 234/1, 101 of the 234/2, 88 of the 234/3, and 89 of the 234/4.

===Combat usage===
The Sd.Kfz.234 cars were originally intended for the conflicts in North Africa. However, the engine development took abnormally long to complete and by the time it was ready, the North African theatre had concluded. Nevertheless, they served in the Western and Eastern front with success, but was impeded by its low production count.

The Sd.Kfz.234/2 variant was arguably the most popular, as the staple of the 234 family. The vehicle served in the Panzer Lehr Division, 1st and 2nd SS Panzer Division, 2nd, 7th, 13th, and 20th Panzer Division. The Sd.Kfz.234 in the recon companies were allocated in 19 or 25 vehicles per division, further split into platoons up to six vehicles and one as the headquarters. However, due to their low production numbers, this allocation was rarely kept in full strength in the war,

The Sd.Kfz.234 first saw combat in Normandy after D-Day in the stationed Panzer Lehr and 2nd Panzer Division in the Sd.Kfz.234/2 variant. The divisions used these vehicles in recon roles until their withdrawal behind the Seine River, with Panzer Lehr having 8 Sd.Kfz.234/2 of the original 26 it had. These divisions were rebuilt in the fall of 1944 with the Sd.Kfz.234/1 and Sd.Kfz.234/3 after the 234/2 ceased production.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_sdkfz_234_4 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|b7EikSPup3Q|'''The Shooting Range #58''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 08:00 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|RGeu2yLGeTU|'''Best armored cars''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:37 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4862-marathon-sd-kfz-234-4-schwerer-panzerspähwagen-en|[Devblog] Sd.Kfz.234/4 Schwerer Panzerspähwagen]]

{{Germany tank destroyers}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

MiG-23MF (Germany)

2023-06-07T03:28:07Z

U127328589: /* Flight performance */ 7

{{About
| about = jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = MiG-23 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=mig_23mf_germany
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
|cockpit=cockpit_mig_23mf_germany.jpg
|market=id50161_mig_23mf_germany
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Winged Lions"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/7469-event-operation-w-i-n-t-e-r-en|2021 Operation W.I.N.T.E.R.]] event.

The MiG-23MF is an export modification of the Soviet [[MiG-23M]]. In this modification, the avionics were changed in favour of more budgetary and somewhat simplified systems. The MiG-23MF was delivered to all the main countries of the Warsaw Pact, as well as to the Arab states of the Middle East, Africa, India and Cuba.

The MIG-23MF inherits all the main characteristics from the original - good top speed, a very good climb rate, a variable sweep wing and a large array of weaponry. The disadvantages also remained: a limited number of countermeasures, a limited number of weapon suspension nodes and rather mediocre manoeuvrability at transonic speeds.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 13,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,339 ||99999999999999999999
| rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 35.6 || 35.6 || 147.4 || 140.4 || rowspan="2" |6
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,380 ||99999999999999999999
| 34.5 || 35.0 || 194.4 || 170.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1470  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 508 || 473 || ~12 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 665 || < 650 || < 700 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Tumansky R-29-300 || 1
| colspan="2" | 11,155 kg || colspan="3" | 395 - 445 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 35m fuel
|-
| 1,780 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 12,367 kg || 13,462 kg || 14,615 kg || 15,195 kg || 18,400 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 35m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 7,950 kgf || 10,494 kgf
| 0.85 || 0.78 || 0.72 || 0.69 || 0.57
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 8,268 kgf (1,400 km/h) || 12,987 kgf (1,400 km/h)
| 1.05 || 0.96 || 0.89 || 0.85 || 0.71
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|GSh-23L (23 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannon, belly-mounted (200 rpg)
** 1 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannon + 12 x large calibre countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|OFAB-100 (100 kg)|FAB-250M-62 (250 kg)|FAB-500M-62 (500 kg)|ZB-500 incendiary}}
{{main|R-3S|R-13M1|R-23R|R-23T|R-60MK}}
{{main|Kh-23M|S-5K|S-24B}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance presets:

* Without load
* 2 x R-13M1 missiles
* 4 x R-13M1 missiles
* 4 x R-3S missiles
* 6 x R-60MK missiles
* 2 x R-23R missiles
* 2 x R-23T missiles
* 64 x S-5K rockets
* 64 x S-5K rockets
* 4 x S-24B rockets
* 2 x Kh-23M missiles
* 16 x 100 kg OFAB-100 bombs (1,600 kg total)
* 4 x 250 kg FAB-250M-62 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg FAB-500M-62 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x ZB-500 incendiary bombs

==== Custom loadout options ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="11%" | 1 !! width="11%" | 2 !! width="11%" | 3 !! width="11%" | 4
| rowspan="14" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_MiG-23MLA_(Germany).png]]</div>
|-
! 100 kg OFAB-100 bombs
| 4 || 4 || 4 || 4
|-
! 250 kg FAB-250M-62 bombs
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! 500 kg FAB-500M-62 bombs
| 1 || || || 1
|-
! ZB-500 incendiary bombs
| 1 || || || 1
|-
! S-5K rockets
| 16, 32 || 16 || 16 || 16, 32
|-
! S-24B rockets
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! Kh-23M missiles
| 1* || || || 1*
|-
! R-3S missiles
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! R-13M1 missiles
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! R-23R missiles
| 1† || || || 1†
|-
! R-23T missiles
| 1† || || || 1†
|-
! R-60MK missiles
| 1 || 2 || 2 || 1
|-
! Delta-NG
| || 1* || ||
|-
| colspan="6" | * It is required to equip the Delta-NG targeting pod with the Kh-23M missiles † R-23R and R-23T missiles cannot be mixed, only one type may be carried across hardpoints
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


'''Air battles'''

Low altitude, high speed, side of the map. Try to get as much speed as possible maintaining a very low altitude and go to the right if you want a more head-on engagement or to the left if you want a side/back of the enemy attack position (in a majority of maps players go to their left). Better used with a squadron, the MiG-23MF can eliminate several enemy aircraft if played right with 3 teammates and using the all-aspect IR-guided R-23T missile.

High altitude, high speed, together with your team, BVR. Fly along with your team, maintain a high altitude until all enemy aircraft are below you, then make surprise attacks on enemies that are busy, normally use the R-23R to destroy the high-altitude F-4s or F-104s with BVR missiles.

No matter which tactic you choose, it is recommended to engage your enemy from their front hemisphere, since you can carry all-aspect IR missiles. This way it leaves your enemy less time to react and dodge the missiles. Also, since both the R-60Ms and the R-23Ts have a relatively wide FOV, it is recommended to lock the enemy using your IRST before engaging the missile lock to slave the missile, and better utilise their wide FOV. Only use the R-60Ms at close range, around 1.5 km. They perform best under such range, and it also gives your enemy less reaction time to release the countermeasures, since R-60Ms are easily tricked by flares.

When in a 1-vs-1 situation, try to use your great low-speed performance to trick the enemy into low speeds, especially when against Phantoms. When your speed drops below 400 km/h, manually control the wing to the most frontal position to improve your manoeuvrability.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Relatively high cruising and top speeds
* Extremely good climb rate
* Manoeuvres better than most of its opponents (such as the Phantoms and other MiG-23s/27s)
* Excellent air-to-air payload, having a wide array of missiles for almost all situations
* Decent air-to-ground payload available
* Large calibre countermeasures are very effective, one to two salvos will be required to evade any missile
* Stock payload includes 2 [[R-13M1]] AAMs
* Can use its radar ballistic computer to hit targets with the cannon beyond the aim assist range (770 m)
* CCIP for rockets allows to deliver quick and very accurate rocket bursts at designated targets, especially in mixed battles

'''Cons:'''

* Underwhelming instantaneous turn rate, cannot pull some extreme manoeuvres easily
* Somewhat prone to stalling, especially after getting hit in one of the wings
* Loses quite a lot of speed in turns
* Bleeds a large amount of energy with its wings swept
* Relatively low countermeasures count (12)
* Low ammunition count and low muzzle velocity for the GSh-23L cannon
* Negative-G manoeuvres at high speeds could cause a wing rip, even for a few seconds

== History ==

The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 was a Soviet supersonic fighter aircraft developed in the 1960s. It was designed to replace the MiG-21, and was the first Soviet aircraft to feature variable sweep wings, which allowed it to operate at both high and low speeds. The MiG-23 was developed in multiple variants, with the MiG-23MF being one of the most successful and widely used.

The MiG-23M, also known as the Flogger-B, and its export derivative MiG-23MF were upgraded variants of the original MiG-23. They were powered by a more powerful R-29-300 engine and equipped with a better fire control system. The aircraft was armed with a GSh-23L twin-barrel 23 mm cannon and a variety of air-to-air missiles, including the R-60 and R-23.

The MiG-23MF had several notable production issues. The aircraft had a short service life due to the high stresses placed on its airframe by its powerful engine and variable sweep wings. The aircraft's maintenance requirements were also high, as its complex systems and avionics required frequent servicing.

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|nFooO9QHp1I|'''MiG-23MF (German): A Basic Review''' - ''Tims Variety''}}

;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=mig_23mf_germany Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7476/current|[Devblog] Winter marathon vehicles: MiG-23MF (Germany)]]

{{AirManufacturer MiG}}
{{Germany jet aircraft}}
{{Winter Event}}

Maus

2023-06-07T03:22:56Z

U127328589: /* Description */ 7

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_pzkpfw_Maus
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.47 "Big Guns"]] as a main tree vehicle, however in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]] it was shifted to become a gift vehicle for players who previously owned it. It was later reopened to research for a limited time during War Thunder's [[wt:en/news/6907-special-8th-anniversary-of-war-thunder-en|8th]], [[wt:en/news/7408-news-happy-birthday-war-thunder-en|9th]] and [[wt:en/news/7945-special-happy-anniversary-war-thunder-en|10th]] anniversary events. The Maus is the definitive tank of heavy armour in Rank V and is one of the largest ground vehicles in-game. The Maus can be a menace in the battlefield and conversely also a bullet magnet, a double-edged sword that must be played correctly or else fall victim to heavy enemy fire.

The Maus lives up to its reputation as a mobile bunker. The dual guns do great damage, however, against high-rank tanks it is best to use the 128 mm main gun. It is important to protect the back armour on the Maus and to make sure it does not get outflanked. Preferable used at long range and choke points. Best used as an armoured beast able to destroy vehicles and take any shot.

Speed on the vehicle is roughly 200

km/h. The sheer mass of the vehicle and its speed makes the mobility difference from the road to off-road negligible. The vehicle can actually turn pretty fast once at Gear 6, which is better than the Jagdtiger and some other Rank V heavy counterparts. Keep that in mind and use it as an advantage in {{Annotation|CQC|Close Quarters Combat}}.

The 150

mm KwK44 is a great gun in-game, very accurate and perfect for mid to long range engagements. The reload is very good too for its calibre (23 seconds stock) that is a big advantage against IS-4s, because the Maus has three seconds for an extra shot. It has one of the best penetration value of any APCBC shell in-game alongside the [[IS-7]] and the [[Object 279]]. However, the APCR and HEAT shells of the T-54 and late US vehicles surpass it. Damage-wise the 128 mm PzGr.43 is equivalent to the shell BR-471 of the [[D-25T (122 mm)|122 mm D-25T]] cannon, for which penetration usually means a knock-out.

Coaxial MG? That's for normal tanks (but it is there anyway). On the Maus, everything is bigger. The short 75 mounted alongside the main 128 originally served as anti-infantry and soft target weapon of choice. In War Thunder, these vehicle types are either not found on the battlefield or as latter only on certain maps. It comes without question that the 75 mm should be used against AAA, trucks and SPAA. However, the HEAT shell can be used to harass the enemy, lure them out/in of cover, or just damage medium tank's sides (T-54 and M46 do not exceed 80 mm of armour) tracks and even destroy some lightly-armoured vehicles with overpresssure such as the BMP 1. In addition, the secondary cannon has a good reload rate of around 5 sec, thus it can be used to defeat [[:Category:Light_tanks|light tanks]] and [[:Category:Anti-aircraft_vehicles|SPAA]] without wasting the precious 128 mm ammo for more heavily armoured targets.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour
*Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 200 mm (55°) ''Front glacis'' 200 mm (35°) ''Lower glacis'' || 180 mm ''Top'' 100 mm ''Bottom'' 300 mm ''Weld joints''|| 150 mm (36°) ''Top'' 150 mm (31°) ''Bottom'' || 50 mm ''General area'' 100 mm ''Front roof''
|-
| Turret || 232 mm (3-53°)''Turret front'' 240 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 205 mm (30°) || 200 mm (15°) || 60 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Armour on the Maus is quite complex, and definitely does not end with the above-mentioned values
** Gun mantlet is 240 mm thick and nicely rounded, right around both guns the armour is 300 mm thick
** Tracks at the front are protected by 100+60 mm plates (100 mm basic plate + attached tracks)
** Behind the frontal upper plate on deck armour, there are many 60 mm highly sloped plates of armour, protecting the engine vents and turret ring from HEAT/HE shells and some small-calibre fire
** Frontal part of the belly is also 100 mm thick (Would be probably good against mines/other explosives), the rest is 50 mm
** Deck armour in front of these plates is also strengthened to an impressive 100 mm
** Side armour is split to two parts, top with 180 mm and bottom with 100 mm + tracks
** Even inside the tank there is armour - there are many 20 mm plates inside the tank, separating crew compartments from various modules, and partially protecting the interior from shrapnel that penetrated the tank from other areas
***One plate is at the rear of the tank, between the enormous transmission and the fighting compartment
*** Second one is more to the front, separating fighting compartment from the middle-mounted Engine and its radiators
*** Third is in the front between the driver's compartment and the engine
*** Around the driver there are many more 20 mm plates, adding some protection to Fuel Tanks located there

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,549|rbMinHp=1,061}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|KwK44 (128 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[KwK44 (128 mm)|128 mm KwK44]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 68 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+23° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 6.6 || 9.0 || 10.9 || 12.0 || 12.8 || rowspan="2" | 23.66 || rowspan="2" | 20.93 || rowspan="2" | 19.30 || rowspan="2" | 18.20
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 4.8 || 5.6 || 6.8 || 7.5 || 8.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:KwK44 (128 mm)/Ammunition|Sprgr. L/5, PzGr, PzGr 43, 12.8/8.8 Pzgr.TS}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo parts
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''68''' || style="text-align:right" | ''Projectiles'' ''Propellants''|| 62 ''(+6)'' 62 ''(+6)'' || 55 ''(+13)'' 55 ''(+13)'' || 50 ''(+18)'' 50 ''(+18)'' || 45 ''(+23)'' 45 ''(+23)'' || 39 ''(+29)'' 39 ''(+29)'' || 33 ''(+35)'' 33 ''(+35)'' || 25 ''(+43)'' 25 ''(+43)'' || 17 ''(+51)'' 17 ''(+51)'' || 9 ''(+59)'' 9 ''(+59)'' || 1 ''(+67)'' 1 ''(+67)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
'''Note''':

* Turret empty: 45 ''(+23)'' shells.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|KwK44 L/36.5 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[KwK44 L/36.5 (75 mm)|75 mm KwK44 L/36.5]] || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
| 100 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 5.20 || 4.60 || 4.24 || 4.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:KwK44 L/36.5 (75 mm)/Ammunition|Sprgr. 34, Hl.Gr 38B, K.Gr.Rot Nb., Hl.Gr 38C}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|center|framed|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''100''' || 76 ''(+24)'' || 51 ''(+49)'' || 26 ''(+74)'' || 1 ''(+99)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Note''':

* Turret empty: 76 ''(+24)'' shells.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|MG34 (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG34]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,000 (150) || 900 || -7°/+23° || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

Versus heavy tanks, the Maus has all the advantages. While slower it can make up for this in close combat thanks to the good turn rate of both tracks and turret. Just quickly angle the Maus (both turret and hull) and you will turn it nearly invincible (be advised that HEAT shells can still penetrate the angled turret). Try angling the front drive wheel at the enemy tank and turn the turret so that the armour is at ~45 degrees to the enemy fire. The tanks that pose a threat are the [[M103]], the [[M48 Patton (Family)|M48]], the [[T-62 545 (China)|Chinese T-62]], the BMPs, the [[Object 120]], and basically every tank that has HEATFS, ATGM, or APFSDS rounds that can penetrate more than 320 mm of armour. One good strategy is to capture the objective and just defend it. This can be really helpful to the team.

Versus medium tanks, the Panzerkampfwagen VIII can fight in {{Annotation|CQC|Close Quarter Combat}} with its decent turret rotation but at the cost of exposing its side armour and getting flanked. Doing so should be kept as one's last resort. Distance is the ally of the Maus, which should be easy to do considering that the top speed is 20 km/h.

While it is very strong frontally because of its excellent armour, the Maus should be played very carefully: it can be very vulnerable if it gets uptiered where enemies have APFSDS rounds and ATGMs that will go clean through your armour. Try to stay out of close quarters as it will be easier for tanks to take out your gun barrel or move to your sides.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Heavily-armoured tank, practically invincible if angled properly
* Capable of soaking a large amount of damage and very resilient to bombs and rockets
* Only vulnerable to large-calibre HE shells
* Turret sides are as strong as, if not stronger than, the front of the turret
* Access to smoke grenades
* Surprisingly good off-road manoeuvrability
* Makes decently fast turns in high gear movement or in neutral steering
* Very difficult to immobilize, due to extremely thick track skirts
* Powerful 128 mm cannon and rounds
* Secondary 75 mm coaxial cannon is surprisingly effective when using HEAT rounds
* Has commander sights, useful for looking around without moving the turret

'''Cons:'''

* Very slow
* Struggles on hilly terrain
* Requires good teamwork to perform adequately
* Slow turret rotation
* The sides of the Maus are littered with ammo racks
* Very loud engine, players will be able to locate the Maus just by the engine sounds
* Vulnerable at all ranges to modern rounds such as HEAT and sabot rounds
* Towing is practically impossible unless it is done by another Maus
* Large bombs will commonly cripple the Maus, or detonate its fuel tanks
* Optics have little zoom capability, making it difficult for hitting long range targets
* Big target for ATGMs
* No modern armour of any kind, relies completely on conventional armour plating
* Secondary 75 mm is hard to aim
* Commander sight does not allow for commander aiming

== History ==

===Development===
This monster of a tank started development in 1942 on the suggestion of Ferdinand Porsche to Hitler, which was approved. The first prototype was to be completed by 1943 and the project vehicle was designated the ''Mammut'' (Mammoth). The name changed in December 1942 to ''Mäuschen'' (Little Mouse), then once more to the '''Maus''' (Mouse) in February 1943, which stayed as its designation (and perhaps proving that Germany does have a sense of humour).

The prototype used Ferdinand's "electric transmission" that was previously used on the rejected [[VK 45.01 (P)|Tiger(P)]], the vehicle would be powered by an MB 517 diesel engine. The Maus has a suspension design with 24 wheels on each side, 2 per bogie with two bogies side by side and six bogies lining up from front and back. The armour was perhaps the most defining feature at 220 mm thick at the hull front, the sides and rear were 190 mm thick. The turret was even thicker at 240 mm on the front and 200 mm on the sides and rear. The vehicle was to also have a 128 mm KwK44 main gun with a 75 mm KwK44 gun as a coaxial. The overwhelming design was approximated to weight 100 tons.

The production plan was to have the prototype completed by mid-1943 and for 10 vehicles per month after the prototype delivery. Work would be divided between Krupp and Alkett for the production of the machine. The wooden model of the tank was presented on May 1943 to Hitler. It was then approved for production and 150 of them were to be built. With the final design finished, it was estimated to weight 188 tons now. Though Hitler and his peers saw it with much favour, Heinz Guderian criticised the Maus design because there was a lack of machine guns, thus it was extremely vulnerable to infantry attacks at close-quarters for the same reason as the [[Ferdinand|Ferdinand tank destroyer]]. The anti-infantry problem was solved with the addition of a coaxial machine gun and a "Nahverteidigungswaffe" dischargers, firing smoke or high-explosive shells in its surrounding area, installed on the turret.

===Production and cancellation===
Two prototypes of the Maus were made in 1943 and 1944. The first one, called ''V1'' was turretless and assembled by Alkett in December 1943, it was fitted with a mock turret that helped finalise the turret design in 1944. Here they determine the Maus was definitely too heavy for any bridges in existence so the Maus would ford rivers with a snorkel. The second prototype called ''V2'' by Alkett again had the first produced Maus turret attached with the 128 mm gun, coaxial 75 mm gun, and coaxial machine gun. In July 1944, Krupp was producing four more hulls, but these were scrapped and the whole project stopped on August 1944, though tests with the ''V2'' continued. The weight of the tank meant that the power-to-weight ratio was extremely poor, resulting in the Maus' ideal speed of about 8 miles per hour maximum in ideal conditions.

However, the Maus was never fully produced because it was the only tank that ceased production because of a strategic bombing campaign that would ruin its production facilities. Adding to this, by 1944, the Red Army was advancing deeper and deeper into what was previously German-controlled territory. The vision that the Red Army might capture the testing grounds of the Maus prototypes and the prototypes themselves seem to come closer to reality. The Germans were forced to destroy the prototypes to prevent their capture by the Soviets, placing charges onto the ''V2'' prototype (the ''V1'' was only a hull so it wasn't combat-effective). The second prototype had the entire hull damaged as there was ammunition still in the tank when the charges went off, but the turret was mostly intact. The Soviets captured the damaged prototypes and held them until the end of the war. After World War II, the Soviet Commander of Armoured and Mechanized troops ordered for the V1 hull to be attached with the turret from the V2 prototype. They had to use six ''Sd.Kfz. 9'', the largest half-track vehicles produced by Germany, to move the 55-ton turret to the hull. The fixed prototype was sent back to the Soviet Union for testing and arrive on May 4, 1946. Once this is done, the prototype was sent to Kubinka Tank museum in Russia where it lays today on display for the public.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
An experimental super-heavy tank built in Germany towards the end of the war. The project was developed by Ferdinand Porsche.

The first tank was assembled at the Alkett factory in Berlin on August 1, 1943.

The first trial run of the Type 205/1 tank was conducted on December 24, 1943. The turret still wasn't ready, so a load equal to the weight of the turret was placed on top of the tank. The prototype turned out to be quite manoeuvrable once it was able to leave the assembly area, where it had been rather cramped. According to those who had the opportunity to drive the tank, the Maus was easier to drive than the Pz.Kpfw. IV.

In November, 1943 a 44 calibre, 128 mm KwK44 cannon was built that was intended for the tank. The cannon's designation was later changed to 12.8 cm KwK82. The weapon was tested at the Meppen training ground. The turret was installed on the 205/1 prototype on July 6, 1944, and on October 3, 1944 the armament was installed and the fully-outfitted tank was tested at the training ground in Kummersdorf.

Both prototypes were tested in Kummersdorf, but no reliable information on these tests is available. Whether or not experimental firing was conducted is also unknown.

Toward the end of the war, bodies and turrets had begun to be produced in addition to the prototypes that had been built.

As the Soviet troops were approaching in 1945 both prototypes were blown up. Soviet specialists were able to reconstruct one Maus from the wreckage. This rebuilt tank was delivered to the training ground in Kubinka in 1946, where various tests were performed.

The Panzerkampfwagen Maus can currently be viewed on display at the tank museum in Kubinka.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_pzkpfw_Maus Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Wallpaper MAUS 000012.jpg
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|6ZtvfyAsmM4|'''The Shooting Range #68''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 09:31 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|B2woWvJK4ew|'''Top 7 most armoured vehicles''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:35 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|ly9JS6errQQ|'''Best secondary armaments''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:14 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|x97HKmhCRsE|'''The Maus''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|Zs9_u_plcSw|'''The Maus Super-Heavy Tank''' - ''Simple History''|SfMT-d6Kez4|'''Mighty Maus''' - ''TheDevildogGamer''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/737/|[Devblog] Panzerkampfwagen VIII «Maus»]]
* <nowiki>[Historical]</nowiki> Panzerkampfwagen VIII "Maus", [[wt:en/news/2825-historical-panzerkampfwagen-viii-maus-part-i-en|Part I]], [[wt:en/news/2831-historical-panzerkampfwagen-viii-maus-part-ii-en|Part II]], and [[wt:en/news/2843/current/|Part III]]

{{Germany heavy tanks}}

Tornado IDS MFG (Germany)

2023-06-07T03:18:36Z

U127328589: /* Flight performance */ 7

{{About
| about = strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Tornado (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=tornado_ids_de_mfg
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|market=id50204_%E2%97%84tornado_ids_germany
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Apex Predators"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/8021-event-winter-quest-en|2022 Winter Quest]] event.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 11,582 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,295 ||777777
| rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 29.4 ||1
| 172.1 || 169.8 || rowspan="2" | 800
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,324 ||7777777|| 28.6 ||1
| 220.0 || 195.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="60%"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Limits
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! rowspan="3" | -
|-
! Min sweep
| 972 || rowspan="2" | 560 || 1,166 || 552 || 440 || ~8
|-
! Max sweep
|2000
| N/A || N/A || N/A || ~9
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 670 || < 650 || < 700 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="6" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Turbo-Union RB199-34R Mk.103 || 2
| colspan="3" | 14,709 kg || colspan="3" | ___ kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="5" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 16m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 56m fuel
|-
| 968 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 16,236 kg || 16,523 kg || 17,429 kg || 18,789 kg || 19,799 kg || 25,423 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="6" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 16m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 56m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,777 kgf || 7,293 kgf
| 0.90 || 0.88 || 0.84 || 0.78 || 0.74 || 0.57
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 4,192 kgf (1,400 km/h) || 8,155 kgf (1,400 km/h)
| 1.00 || 0.99 || 0.94 || 0.87 || 0.82 || 0.64
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Cross}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Mauser BK27 (27 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 27 mm Mauser BK27 cannons, chin-mounted (180 rpg = 360 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|AIM-9L Sidewinder|AS.34 Kormoran}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance presets:

* 2 x 1,500 l drop tanks
* 56 x large calibre countermeasures
* 2 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 7 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (7,000 lb total)
* 12 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (12,000 lb total)
* 4 x AS.34 Kormoran missiles
* 4 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (4,000 lb total)

==== Custom loadout options ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="5%" | 1 !! width="5%" | 2 !! width="5%" | 3 !! width="5%" | 4 !! width="5%" | 5 !! width="5%" | 6 !! width="5%" | 7 !! width="5%" | 8 !! width="5%" | 9 !! width="5%" | 10 !! width="5%" | 11
| rowspan="6" width="25%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_Tornado_GR.1.png]]</div>
|-
! 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs
| || || 1, 2 || 1, 2* † || 1, 2* † || 1* † || 1, 2* † || 1, 2* † || 1, 2 || ||
|-
! AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
| || 1 || || || || || || || || 1 ||
|-
! AS.34 Kormoran missiles
| || || 1 || 1† || || || || 1† || 1 || ||
|-
! Large calibre countermeasures
| 28 || || || || || || || || || || 28
|-
! 1,500 l drop tanks
| || || 1 || || || || || || 1 || ||
|-
| colspan="13" | * Bombs on hardpoint 6 cannot be equipped in conjunction with dual bomb mounts on hardpoints 4-8 † AS.34 Kormoran missiles on hardpoints 4/8 cannot be equipped in conjunction with bombs on hardpoints 4-8
|}

== Usage in battles ==

This Tornado sits at a lower BR than the other Tornados. In secluded 1-vs-1, energy trapping an opponent is a viable option. However, one needs to be aware of their surroundings so as not to be third-partied while at a lower speed.

It is advisable to bomb enemy bases, since the Tornado is not very good in air combat. Since you will almost always be ahead of your team, it is advisable to throw flares when you are going to bomb a base. Once the bases are bombed there are two options:

# Return to base, resupply and continue bombing
# Try to support allies in air combat with missiles.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Good acceleration and excellent top speed
* Mauser BK27 guns have decent hitting power and ammunition capacity
* Impressive bombload and access to AS.34 Kormoran anti-ship missiles
* Access to two AIM-9L Sidewinder air-to-air missiles stock
* slow speed helps with turning when you have manual control of sweep wing

'''Cons:'''

* Bad manoeuvrability, makes air-to-air combat challenging
* No access to guided bombs
* AS.34 Kormoran missiles are rather unreliable weapon, even against the ships
* Negative G manoeuvres can rip your wings off

== History ==

=== Concept ===

In 1967, the countries of Great Britain, Belgium, Canada, Italy, the Netherlands, and West Germany decided to jointly develop a multirole fighter aircraft to replace the F-104 Starfighter. In 1968, the Netherlands, Canada, and Belgium left the project and the remaining nations signed an initial agreement. The definition phase began in 1969, requirements were placed on the new aircraft. The aircraft should be able to perform conventional and nuclear attacks, as well as aerial reconnaissance and naval warfare. To perform these tasks, the aircraft should have high survivability and be able to fly at extreme low altitudes, with high weapon accuracy in all weather conditions.

=== Development ===

In 1969, Rolls-Royce was chosen as the manufacturer of the new twin-jet engine.

Britain prevailed over Germany on the crew: Germany demanded one seat, as they did in the Starfighter. Ultimately, however, the decision was made to have two seats.

Production was split between nations, with being Britain responsible for the cockpit and tail, as well as the vertical stabilizer.

Germany made the center fuselage and air intakes, and Italy made the wings. Final assembly took place from 1973 on the three lines in Warton (Great Britain), Manching (Germany), and Turin (Italy). In 1976, the aircraft, previously known as the MRCA, was given the name Tornado. The first flight took place on August 14, 1974 in Manching (Germany). A total of 10 prototypes and six pre-production aircraft were built, of which the prototype P08 sadly crashed in 1979.

=== Service ===

The equipment of the task forces in Great Britain and Germany began in 1982, followed in 1984 by Italy, and in 1986 the only export customer, Saudi Arabia.

From 1990 to 1991, the German Electronic Combat and Reconnaissance variants (ECR) were produced. In 1995, 339 Tornado combat aircraft were in service with the German Armed Forces (Air Force and German Navy). The device unit price (aircraft costs) was estimated at that time at 55 million DM. In 1999, the last newly built Tornado was delivered to the Saudi Arabian Air Force. A total of 977 aircraft were manufactured.

Germany received 359 tornadoes from 1980 to 1991.

The Bundeswehr Navy used the variants IDS, Recce, and ECR.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=tornado_ids_de_mfg Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|wpe-_5xxJ5A|'''Tornado IDS Marineflieger: A Quick Review''' - ''Tims Variety''}}

== See also ==


;[[Tornado (Family)|Related development]]

* [[Tornado IDS ASSTA1 (Germany)]]
* [[Tornado IDS (1995) (Italy)]]

== External links ==


* [https://marine-flieger.de/mrca-tornado-pa200 <nowiki>[Marine-Flieger]</nowiki> MRCA Tornado PA200]
* [[wt:en/news/8024-development-winter-event-vehicles-tornado-ids-marineflieger-en|[Devblog] Winter event vehicles: Tornado IDS Marineflieger]]

{{AirManufacturer Panavia}}
{{Germany jet aircraft}}