War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Ka-50

2022-09-11T01:58:34Z

U126388871: /* Survivability and armour */ Added spaas that could outrange the Ka-50, added low optical zoom (compared to most other helicopters at the same rank) as a con.

{{Specs-Card
|code=ka_50
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|Ka-50 Black Shark Store Pack Image 04.jpg|Ka-50 WebsiteImage 1.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_ka_50.jpg
|store=6987
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet attack helicopter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced as a [[wt:en/news/6422-development-ka-50-black-shark-en|premium pack]] in [[Update 1.93 "Shark Attack"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Heli-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 1,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 299 || 268 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}}
|-
! Upgraded
| 320 || 310
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Heli-Armour}}


Due to the low weight, this helicopter is fast and agile, and so it is easy to dodge even the missiles from ADATS or incoming fighters on head-on. Even in the case of damages, the twin rotor design can help keep control the damage even in cases where the tail is destroyed.
[[File:Armour of Ka-50.jpg|thumb|Black shark armour locations|right]]
Lots of sensors on the {{PAGENAME}} help establish situational awareness to keep an eye for threats. A radar warning receiver (RWR) will keep the {{PAGENAME}} informed of the presence (distance and direction) of active radars (enemies AA, jets with radar), also with sounds (beeping). A Missile Approach Warning system (MAW) will automatically deploy false targets - flares (128 pcs) and inform the Ka-50 pilots of incoming missiles (even in SB). In other environmental conditions, the Ka-50 also has a night vision device (only image an intensifier without thermal sight) to keep some form of visibility.

Distance is also the Ka-50's best friend, with an ATGM with active radius of 10 km that will help keep the helicopter out of range of most AA, except ADATS, 2K22 Tunguska, and the VT1 equipped European AAs.

The crew has a highly armoured cockpit, as shown in image: Black shark: Armour locations

*Bullet proof glass covers only the front windscreen of the helicopter - 22 mm thick.
*Aluminium alloy covers the front, and sides of the helicopter located on each side of the cockpit - 20 mm thick.
*Aluminium alloy covers only the bottom of the self-sealing fuel tanks - 20 mm thick.

The helicopter has four separate fuel tanks, three at the rear of the fuselage and one just behind the cockpit. Engines are placed above the autocannon with the fuel tanks, spaced out around it.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Heli-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Offensive}}

{{main|2A42 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 30 mm 2A42 cannon, right fuselage-mounted (460 rpg)

The 30 mm 2A42 cannon can be equipped with mixed belt, belt for air targets or ground targets

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}; max penetration: 62 mm at 100 metres
* '''Ground targets:''' {{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}; max penetration: 81 mm at 100 metres
* '''Air targets:''' {{Annotation|HEF-T*|High-explosive fragmentation tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}; max penetration: 3 mm at any distance

Due to the risk of flying directly over a battlefield, and that the Ka-50's optimal firing distance is from a long way from the enemy ground targets, the ''Ground targets'' belt for the 30 mm is not useful. As such, being equipped against air targets would be better; so pick ''Default'' or ''Air targets'' belt from personal preferences, but the Default belt will have some AP shells in case the opposing enemy aircraft is armoured.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Suspended}}

{{main|OFAB-250sv (250 kg)|FAB-500M-54 (500 kg)}}
{{main|9K127 Vikhr|9M39 Igla|S-8KO|GSh-23L (23 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 80 x S-8KO rockets
* 4 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannons (250 rpg = 1,000 total)
* 2 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannons + 40 x S-8KO rockets
* 12 x 9K127 Vikhr missiles
* 12 x 9K127 Vikhr missiles + 2 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannons
* 12 x 9K127 Vikhr missiles + 40 x S-8KO rockets
* 4 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg FAB-500M-54 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 9M39 Igla missiles + 6 x 9K127 Vikhr missiles + 2 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannons
* 2 x 9M39 Igla missiles + 6 x 9K127 Vikhr missiles + 40 x S-8KO rockets

The Ka-50 equips these weapons by means of pylons, with 4 pylons total on the helicopter (2 on each wing). Each pylon holds one of the following:

* 6 x 9K127 Vikhr ATGMs (range: 10 km; TNT equivalent: 5.16 kg; max speed: 600 m/s) - A tandem warhead with 1,000 mm penetration of armour after ERA with proximity fuse. Can only be mounted on the outer pylons for 12 missiles maximum.
* 2 x 9M39 Igla air-to-air missiles (IR guided; lock-on range: 6 km in rear aspect, 4 km in all aspect; max speed: 1,000 m/s; max overload: 18 G; has {{Annotation|ECCM|Electronic Counter Counter Measure (missile is immune to interference from enemy Electronic Counter Measure (ECM))}}) - Mounted on outer pylons with 2 missiles each. Can currently only be equipped on 1 outer pylon, with the other having 6 x Vikhr ATGM.
* 20 x S-8KO unguided rockets (speed: 610 m/s; TNT equivalent: 1.32 kg; max armour penetration: 400 mm) - All four pylons can be equipped with rocket pods for a maximum of 80 rockets total.
* 1 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannon with 250 rounds each, can be equipped on all 4 pylons (1,000 ammo with 4 cannons in total)

=== Defensive systems ===

The Ka-50 has a MAW - Missile Approach Warning system and 128 Flares.

*128 Flares are installed on tips of the wings, in those two pods.
*The Missile Approach Warning (MAW) detects the incoming missile and notifies you about them as well deploying the flares automatically.

== Usage in battles ==

The most preferable playstyle for this helicopter should be firing ATGM from long range since Vikhr has the longest range in the game (10 km).

The only other 2 vehicles that has the shooting range of 10 km is the ADATS and 2K22 Tunguska. Since Tunguska in usually in your team (if not in a mixed battle), your only enemy is ADATS and/or enemy planes.

'''Versus ADATS''' - From the beginning, try to keep the ADATS more than 10 km away from the Ka-50's position and focus on closer targets. For this, reach the battlefield at the middle (usually some point to capture is around 9.5 km from you). If the Ka-50 has already detected some ADATS within 10 km, be prepared with the fact that the ADATS also may know that the Ka-50 is there and may already be firing missiles. If an incoming missile is spotted, begin evasive manoeuvres. To do this, turn-off hover mode and sharply turn the Ka-50 to one side (left or right) or do the barrel roll. Never fire for at the ADATS after he fired first, his missiles are twice as fast as yours (1,200 m/s vs 600 m/s). To eliminate the ADATS, lock-on target in gunner sight and fire. If you see incoming fire, switch to 3rd view/pilot view and begin evasive manoeuvres as mentioned above, but keep in mind that the target have to stay in your targeting view so your ATGM could hit the target while manoeuvring.

'''Versus jets''' - On a head on, you can lock them and try to fire the Vikhr ATGM (it has proximity fuse) or lock them with Igla A2A (and fire only if distance is at least greater than 1 km). If they survived and approached their firing range, begin evasive manoeuvres. Simply turn on one side (left or right) or do the barrel-roll. This is the only time you could use your right side mounted 30 mm cannon, so use it and fire for enemy while manoeuvring. If enemy passed you (and is still alive) turn around ASAP and lock him with your Igla A2A missiles and fire. In 99% of the cases, this should be enough to send any plane down.

If the is Ka-50 is not equipped with Igla missiles, just wait for the enemy pilot and repeat the process mentioned above until someone is shot down or have had the engagement broken off.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has one of the best ATGM in the game (10 km range with 1,000 mm penetration after ERA), able to fire after air targets with its proximity fuse
* Fast and agile, maximum reached speed is around 330 km/h in level flight (with minimum fuel, payload of 6 x Vikhr, 2 x Igla and 2 x Gsh-23-2 cannons in RB)
* Up to 12 x 9K127 Vikhr missiles which can be carried into combat, able to destroy a whole enemy team
* The Ka-50's twin rotor concept can allow the helicopter to survive even after the tail is destroyed

'''Cons:'''

* Limited choices of payload, compromises on ATGM and loadout payloads have to be made in order to use Igla air-to-air missiles
* Absence of thermal sight can make enemy detection more difficult at lower altitude
* Autocannon is mounted on the right-hand side of the helicopter
* Limited autocannon firing arcs - horizontal and vertical angles
* Poor optical zoom

== History ==


'''Development'''

The Ka-50 is the production name for the V-80Sh-1 prototype; production was authorized on 14 December 1987. The Western nations first saw reports of its development in 1984, and the first photograph was seen in 1989. The design went through testing from 1985 to 1986, and the pilot workload was found to be comparable to that of a fighter-bomber. As such, one pilot was sufficient for the operation of the helicopter, and space was only provided for one crew member.

Like other helicopters designed by Kamov, the Ka-50 utilized a coaxial fonts-rotating rotor system, allowing the regal of a tail rotor. The coaxial rotor system also increases manoeuvrability, allowing manoeuvres such as loops, rolls, and circle-strafing. The removal of the tail rotor allows more engine power to be focused towards the main rotors. Additionally, the lack of a tail rotor can, in certain scenarios, increase survivability.

The Ka-50 featured a K-37-800 pilot ejection system; it was one of the first production helicopters to utilize that feature, and even today it is one of the only helicopters to do so. Before the pilot rejects, the main rotors are blown off by an explosive charge along with the canopy. These measures allow higher pilot survivability if the helicopter is critically damaged.

The first batch of Ka-50 helicopters was ordered in 1990 after successful completion of testing and trials. It was first publicly called the Ka-52 in March 1992, at a symposium in the UK. It was first unveiled at the Mosaeroshow '92 at Zukovskiy in August 1992. The first international display was made at the Farnborough Air Show in September, where the second production unit was on display with a werewolf painted on the rudder - it was sometimes referred to as the "Werewolf" after that. The fifth production unit was used in the movie Black Shark, which is how the Ka-50 became known as the "Black Shark".

Field trials began in November 1993, when four helicopters were flown to the Army Aviation Combat Training Center. Authorization for the fielding of the Ka-50 was given by the President of the Russian Federation on 28 August 1995. Due to the fall of the Soviet Union, production was reduced to only a dozen Ka-50s instead of hundreds (it had previously been intended to replace the Mil Mi-24).

The NATO nations believed that a single-seat helicopter was impractical, and the first two Ka-50 prototypes had false windows painted on to give the allusion they were two-seat helicopters. This threw off some of the first western reports on the project; they believed that the new helicopter might even be designed to shoot down NATO helicopters. This was seen as logical because of the recent American J-CATCH program, which covered the tactics that should be used to shoot down an enemy helicopter. The misconception as to the Ka-50's role did not last long, but it through off NATO planners at first.

The Russian Military designated the Ka-50 as the main helicopter to provide support of special forces, while the Mi-28 replaced the Mi-24 as the main helicopter gunship in service. Production of the Ka-50 recommenced in 2006; in 2009 three Ka-50s were delivered that were built from incomplete airframes from the 1990s.

'''Design'''

The Ka-50 features a coaxial rotor design, and the rotors are made with polymers. Because of the coaxial rotor design no tail rotor is necessary, so it was excluded from the design. The powerplant features two Klimov VK-2500 engines; the Ka-50 has a high performance and manoeuvrability. It features an inertial navigation system (INS), an autopilot system, and a head-up display (HUD). A terrain-following radar is included, as is a Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) device. Combat in both VFR and IFR conditions is allowed by the electronic radio and sighting-pilot-navigating system. These systems allow information such as enemy coordinates to be transmitted between helicopters and ground command systems.

A radar warning receiver, electronic warfare system, and chaff and flare dispensers with thirty-two 26 mm countermeasures each - located at the end of both wings - are fitted for the protection of the helicopter. The cockpit is armoured for protection against 12.7 mm (.50 cal) armour-piercing bullets and 23 mm projectile fragments. The rotors are designed to withstand several hits from ground-based automatic weapons. Additionally, there is protection for vital systems, and the fuselage and landing gear are designed to be crash absorbing. The two engines increase survivability as well, for if one is damaged the other can still provide power.

The Ka-50 is armed with one Shipunov 2A42 30 mm cannon, which can attain a fire rate of 200 to 800 rounds per minute with its dual feed ammunition system; 460 rounds are carried. The cannon is mounted on the starboard side of the fuselage, and its traverse is limited to slight elevation and azimuth adjustments. The semi-rigid mounting allows a greater accuracy than would a turret mount. A K-37-800 ejection system is provided for the pilot, allowing escape at any altitude and speed.

The suspended armament is carried on four hardpoints mounted on the wings. These mounts can carry fuel tanks or various armaments, and they can be tilted up to ten degrees downwards. Twelve laser-guided 9K121 Vikhr or 9M120 anti-tank guided missiles can be carried. These missiles are claimed to be almost jam-proof and have fire-and-forget capability, allowing the helicopter to take evasive action after launch. The Ka-50 can also be fitted with S-13, S-8 rockets, or UPK-23-250 gun pods.

'''Service'''

The first major usage of the Ka-50 was during the Second Chechen War. Two Is-50s arrived in December of 2000; a Ka-29 operated with the Ka-50s to provide reconnaissance and target designation. The first time the Ka-50 used its weapons in combat was on 6 January 2001. On 9 January, one Ka-50 accompanied by an Mi-24 used S-8 unguided rockets to destroy a Chechen insurgent warehouse near Komsomolskoye which was used to store ammunition. On 6 February, the two Ka-50s and the Ka-29 destroyed an insurgent camp south of Tsentoroj with the launch of two 9K121 Vikhr missiles; they were launched at a range of 3 kilometers. On 14 February, the helicopters carried out a similar mission near Oak-Yurt and Hatun. The group had located and destroyed eight targets, and these operations in mountainous terrain validated the Ka-50 design.

The Ka-50 was used by the Russian Military during many military exercises, including "Boundary 2004" in the Edelweiss mountain range of Kyrgyzstan during August 2004. During this exercise, the Ka-50 operated at high altitudes and warm air temperatures. One Ka-50 was used to provide cover for landing troops and used cannons and rockets against ground targets.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ka_50 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Store Pack Images" heights="150">
File:Ka-50 Black Shark Store Pack Image 01.jpg|
File:Ka-50 Black Shark Store Pack Image 02.jpg|
File:Ka-50 Black Shark Store Pack Image 03.jpg|
File:Ka-50 Black Shark Store Pack Image 04.jpg|
File:Ka-50 Black Shark Store Pack Image 05.jpg|
</gallery><gallery mode="packed" heights="150" caption="Devblog Images">
File:Ka-50 WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:Ka-50 WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:Ka-50 WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:Ka-50 WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:Ka-50 WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:Ka-50 WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
File:Ka-50 WTWallpaper 007.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|1ELo-DevC-o|'''Should You Buy The Ka-50 "Black Shark"''' - ''Sako Sniper''|Xd9m6rPtN3U|'''The Shooting Range #172''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:32 discusses the Ka-50.}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Ka-52]] - Another Soviet attack helicopter developed from the Ka-50.

;Other helicopters of similar configuration and role

* [[AH-64A]]
* [[AH-64DJP]]
* [[EC-665 Tiger HAP]]
* [[AH-64A Peten]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6422-development-ka-50-black-shark-en|[Devblog] Ka-50 “Black Shark”]]
* [[wikipedia:Kamov_Ka-50|[Wikipedia] Kamov Ka-50]]
* [https://www.army-technology.com/projects/ka50-black-shark/ <nowiki>[Army Technology]</nowiki> Ka-50 Black Shark (Hokum) Attack Helicopter]
* [http://www.military-today.com/helicopters/kamov_ka50_hokum.htm <nowiki>[Military Today]</nowiki> Kamov Ka-50]

{{AirManufacturer Kamov}}
{{USSR helicopters}}

M1A1 HC

2022-07-14T14:35:10Z

U126388871: /* Ammunition */ The M829 is no longer the third highest penetrating round in this game, I've changed the wording and the round to M829A1

{{About
| about= American medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage= other vehicles of the family
| link= M1 Abrams (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=us_m1a1_hc_abrams
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Direct Hit"]].

The {{PAGENAME}} is a modification to the preceding [[M1A1 Abrams]] with features requested by the United States Marine Corps. The designation M1A1 HC, which stands for "'''H'''eavy '''C'''ommon", is to indicate the M1A1's "commonality" of features as the M1A1 HC was used by both the US Army and the US Marine Corps.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The armour of the M1A1 HC is a drastic improvement from its predecessor. Like the succeeding M1A2, the M1A1 HC has 2nd generation depleted uranium (DU) inserts in the turret, making the turret practically impervious to most attacks. It also retains the same crew layout of its predecessors along with the blowout ammo rack, meaning it is quite survivable. The hull remains unchanged however, and due to the increase in BR, most enemies will be able to penetrate it even at long range.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=2533|rbMinHp=1343}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M256 (120 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M256 (120 mm)|120 mm M256]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 40 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 38.1 || 52.7 || 64.0 || 70.8 || 75.3 || rowspan="2" | 7.80 || rowspan="2" | 6.90 || rowspan="2" | 6.36 || rowspan="2" | 6.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 23.8 || 28.0 || 34.0 || 37.6 || 40.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The M1A1 HC is armed with the same 120 mm M256 smoothbore gun as the M1A1 and has access to the same ammunition of APFSDS and HEATFS. However, the M1A1 HC also gets access to a new HEATFS shell, M830A1. The M829A1 APFSDS round is an excellent anti-tank munition, boasting one of the highest penetration figures out of any sabot round in the game, at 598 mm of flat penetration at point-blank and decreasing to just 560 mm at 2 km. Its angled performance is also excellent, penetrating 346 mm of armour at 60 degrees point-blank and 324 mm at 2 km. It is sufficient to reliably engage any vehicle in the game frontally. The M830 HEATFS shell penetrates a meagre 480 mm of armour. It is not recommended to use this shell after unlocking the M829. The M830A1 is a special type of HEATFS round. Instead of using a conventional impact fuse, M830A1 is a sub-calibre HEATFS round that has been saboted into a 120 mm casing and fitted with a proximity fuse. This allows it to effectively engage low flying aircraft and helicopters up to a range of 4.5 km. The sub-calibre nature of the round means it travels extremely quickly at 1,400 m/s, making it the fastest HEAT round in the game. However, its effectiveness against armoured vehicles is limited as it penetrates a mere 350 mm of armour.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M830 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
| M830A1 || HEATFS || 350 || 350 || 350 || 350 || 350 || 350
|-
| M829 || APFSDS || 491 || 488 || 481 || 473 || 464 || 454
|-
| M829A1 || APFSDS || 598 || 596 || 589 || 580 || 570 || 560
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M830 || HEATFS || 1,140 || 13.1 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 2,360 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M830A1 || HEATFS || 1,410 || 11.4 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,390 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M829 || APFSDS || 1,670 || 3.94 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M829A1 || APFSDS || 1,569 || 4.64 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_M1A1_Abrams.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || 35 ''(+5)'' || 18 ''(+22)'' || 1 ''(+39)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M240 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle (Commander) || 1,000 (200) || 577 || -9°/+65° || -160°/+180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M240 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M240]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 10,000 (200) || 941 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle (Loader) || 1,400 (200) || 941 || -9°/+65° || -77°/+135°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The M1A1 HC is essentially the [[M1A2 Abrams|M1A2]] without the CITV but with a soft-kill active protection system (APS) that is only useful against early missiles but useless against laser-guided missiles like Hellfires or Vikhrs. The M1A1 HC also has good acceleration which allows for flanking manoeuvres. Due to its increased turret protection and better APFSDS round, it is also suited for sniping at long ranges especially when hull down. With a higher BR than its predecessor, it faces tanks that have no problem penetrating its hull necessitating proper utilization of hard cover found in maps. Its M829A1 round allows it to more comfortably engage targets at range and penetrate armour more reliably up close.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful and versatile ammunition selection
* Has an active protection system that can provide protection against some ATGMs, also comes stock
* Better turret protection when compared to the M1A1
* M829 is a Tier I modification, with NVDs being Tier III
* Carries 4 charges of smoke grenades (4/16 compared to the 6/12 carried by its brothers)

'''Cons:'''

* No commander's sight
* APS is visible through night vision devices and cannot intercept modern ATGMs

== History ==

===Development & Procurement===
Though the [[M1 Abrams]] became accepted into service of the United States Army in November 1981,<ref name="Green_Abrams1">Green 2015, Loc 241 of 1808</ref> the United States Marines Corps (USMC) were not able to immediately look into procurement of the Abrams tanks due to budget. It was not until February 1985 that the Commandant of the Marine Corps sought to officially replace the [[M60A1 (AOS)|M60A1]] in USMC service with the [[M1A1 Abrams]], with plans for 490 M1A1 to replace 760 M60A1 beginning in November 1990.<ref name="Green_Abrams2">Green 2015, Loc 1187-1201 of 1808</ref>
[[File:M1A1 HC V18 amphibious assault 130519-M-DA099-026.jpg|x250px|right|none|thumb|A USMC M1A1 HC in an amphibious exercise. The ability of the M1A1 to accept a deep water fording kit, a feature the USMC requested, is an indicator of a "Heavy Common" variant.]]

The USMC's plan to acquire the M1A1 (or the M1A1 {{Annotation|HA|Heavy Armor}} model with {{Annotation|DU|depleted uranium}} armour since October 1988<ref name="AFVDB_Abrams">Conners 2021</ref>) also requested design changes to the tank to fit the USMC's needs. These requests culminated to eighty engineering changes, such as deep-wading adapters for fording kits, stronger chain tie-downs, and a position location reference system.<ref name="Green_Abrams2" /><ref name="AFVDB_Abrams" /><ref name="Zaloga_M1vsT72">Zaloga 2009, Loc 908-916 of 1274</ref> Instead of producing this modified Abrams tank just for the USMC, the changes were integrated into the overall M1A1 HA production lines beginning in November 1990, when {{Annotation|GDLS|General Dynamic Land Systems}} began producing Abrams for the USMC. These M1A1s were not distinguished by the service branch, being sent to both the US Army and US Marine Corps. As such, the US Army began referring to the M1A1s produced after November 1990 as the '''M1A1 HC''', with '''HC''' for "'''H'''eavy '''C'''ommon" in reference to the commonality of the M1A1 HA tank design between service branches. The USMC came to reference the tank as the '''M1A1 Common''', while referring to any pre-November 1990 builds of the M1A1 HA as a "Plain Jane".<ref name="Green_Abrams2" /> The primary distinction between a US Army and a US Marine Corps M1A1 HC is the smoke grenade launchers, the US Army uses the M250 smoke grenade launcher while the USMC uses the M257 smoke grenade launcher.<ref name="inetres_smoke">Cooke 2008</ref>

Though the USMC requested for 490 M1A1 HC tanks, they would only receive 269 units by the delivery end date of 1992.<ref name="Green_Abrams2" /> An insufficient number for their needs, the USMC would receive additional support from US Congress between 1994 to 1995, which allocated enough funding for the transfer of 134 M1A1 tanks from the US Army. As these were "Plain Jane" M1A1 HAs, an upgrade program was started between 1995 to 1997 to apply "Common" design changes into the "Plain Janes". Another transfer would occur in between 2002 to 2005 for 181 M1A1 HA from the US Army to the USMC, which were likewise modified to HC standards.<ref name="Green_Abrams3">Green 2015, Loc 1201-1208 of 1808</ref>

===Combat usage===
The USMC's stock of M1A1 Abrams tank would see first use during the 1991 Gulf War. However, their primary tank deployed to the theater was the [[M60A1 RISE (P)]] as they were still procuring and transitioning to the M1A1 tanks. To bolster the Marine's number of Abrams, the US Army provided 60 "Plain Jane" M1A1 HA to the Marines 2nd Tank Battalion while the two companies of the 4th Tank Battalion of the USMC Reserve was equipped with 16 of the newer M1A1 HC. As such, the Abrams made up of 76 of the total 353 USMC tanks in the Gulf War, the rest of which was composed of M60A1s.<ref name="Zaloga_M1vsT72" />
[[File:USMC M1A1 Afghanistan - DIVDSHUB 364427.jpg|x250px|left|thumb|Two M1A1 HC of the USMC in Helmand province, Afghanistan. The front tank has a dozer blade attached. The two large cylindrical antennas on the turret bustle of each tank is for the CREW-1 jammer unit.]]

The USMC's Abrams were committed into action during the ground phase of Operation Desert Storm. 4th Tank Battalion's Bravo Company saw action in the pre-dawn hours of February 25th when a T-72 battalion from the 3rd Saladin Armored Division approached their location.<ref name="Zaloga_M1vsT72combat">Zaloga 2009, Loc 1160-1168 of 1274</ref><ref name="NHHC_Feb1991">Naval History and Heritage Command 2015</ref> The M1A1 HCs, benefitting from their thermal imager gun sights, were able to engage and decimate the battalion, destroying up to 34 of the 35 total T-72 tanks in a span of 90 seconds.<ref name="NHHC_Feb1991" /><ref name="Green_Abrams4">Green 2015, Loc 1214 of 1808</ref> One crew was even credited with hitting seven tanks with seven rounds in about a minute.<ref name="Zaloga_M1vsT72combat" />

The M1A1 HC would continue to see use wherever the USMC deployed their armoured units, such as in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. The M1A1 HC's usage in Afghanistan stand out as the US Army did not bring any Abrams, and were present from 2011 to 2013. The tanks deployed to these two operations are distinguished by the fitting of a CREWS 1 electronic receiver/jammer unit, intended to prevent the transmission of frequencies from detonating improvised explosive devices (IED). These are distinguished by two large antennas usually located at the turret rear.<ref name="Green_Abrams5">Green 2015, Loc 1222-1258 of 1808</ref>

===Further upgrades and the Future===
The USMC stuck with the M1A1 HC throughout its service life, lacking the budget to upgrade to the US Army's [[M1A2 Abrams]]. However, the USMC integrated several M1A2 and other US Army features such as the Stabilized Commander's Weapon Station (SCWS) and Tank-Infantry Phone (TIP). One unique upgrade the USMC implemented on their tanks was the Abrams Suspension Upgrade (ASU), intended to improve the Abrams' supported weight to 77 tons. A Firepower Enhancement Program (FEP) was also implemented to improve the fire control system and {{annotation|IFF|Identification friend or foe}} recognition.<ref name="Green_Abrams5" />

In 2020, the United States Marine Corps was reorganized under Commandant Gen. David Berger as part of Force Design 2030, with the decision made to deactivate all tank units under the USMC.<ref name="Military_TankGone">Harkins Mar. 2020</ref> The process began in July with 4th Tank Battalion's deactivation and ended in on 21 May 2021 with the 1st Tank Battalion's deactivation.<ref name="Military_4thTank">Harkins Jul. 2020</ref><ref name="USMC_1stTank">Athey 2021</ref> The 452 M1A1 HC tanks in USMC inventory are to be transferred to the US Army by 2023.<ref name="USMC_TankEnd">South 2021</ref>

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_m1a1_hc_abrams Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|LufGqZTfvoI|'''MBTs with Best Armor''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 02:11 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|pZxE5eUhnFQ|'''The Shooting Range #270''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:29 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;[[M1 Abrams (Family)|Related development]]

* [[M1 Abrams]]
* [[IPM1]]
* [[M1A1 Abrams]]
* [[M1A2 Abrams]]

== External links ==


* [http://afvdb.50megs.com/usa/m1abrams.html [American Fighting Vehicle Database<nowiki>]</nowiki> M1 Abrams] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211109164841/http://afvdb.50megs.com/usa/m1abrams.html Archive])

=== References ===
<references />

;Bibliography:

* Athey, Philip. "Marine Corps deactivates its final active-duty tank battalion". ''Marine Corps Times'', 25 May 2021, [https://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/your-marine-corps/2021/05/25/marine-corps-deactivates-its-final-active-duty-tank-battalion/ Website]. Accessed 14 Nov. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211114234337/https://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/your-marine-corps/2021/05/25/marine-corps-deactivates-its-final-active-duty-tank-battalion/ Archive]).
* Chief of Naval Operations. "THE UNITED STATES NAVY IN "DESERT SHIELD" / "DESERT STORM" » Appendix A: Chronology - February 1991". ''Naval History and Heritage Command'', 02 Mar. 2015, [https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/u/us-navy-in-desert-shield-desert-storm/february-1991.html Website]. Accessed 14 Nov. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211114233638/https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/u/us-navy-in-desert-shield-desert-storm/february-1991.html Archive]).
* Conners, Chris. "M1 Abrams". ''American Fighting Vehicle Database'', 13 Nov. 2021, [http://afvdb.50megs.com/usa/m1abrams.html Website]. Accessed 14 Nov. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211114233648/http://afvdb.50megs.com/usa/m1abrams.html Archive]).
* Cooke, Gary W. "U.S. Vehicle Grenade Launchers". ''Gary's Place'', 03 May 2008, [https://www.inetres.com/gp/military/cv/weapon/launchers.html Website]. Accessed 14 Nov. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211115001048/https://www.inetres.com/gp/military/cv/weapon/launchers.html Archive]).
* Green, Michael. ''Images of War: M1 Abrams Tanks - Rare Photographs From Wartime Archives''. E-book ed., Pen & Sword Military, 2015. Kindle.
* Harkins, Gina. "Marines to Shut Down All Tank Units, Cut Infantry Battalions in Major Overhaul". ''Military Advantage'', 23 Mar. 2020, [https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/03/23/marines-shut-down-all-tank-units-cut-infantry-battalions-major-overhaul.html Website]. Accessed 14 Nov. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211114234334/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/03/23/marines-shut-down-all-tank-units-cut-infantry-battalions-major-overhaul.html Archive]).
* Harkins, Gina. "Marine Corps Begins Shutdown of All Tank Battalions". ''Military Advantage'', 21 Jul 2020, [https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/07/21/marine-corps-begins-shutdown-of-all-tank-battalions.html Website]. Accessed 14 Nov. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211114234339/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/07/21/marine-corps-begins-shutdown-of-all-tank-battalions.html Archive]).
* South, Todd. "Goodbye, tanks: How the Marine Corps will change, and what it will lose, by ditching its armor". ''Marine Corps Times'', 22 Mar. 2021, [https://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/your-marine-corps/2021/03/22/goodbye-tanks-how-the-marine-corps-will-change-and-what-it-will-lose-by-ditching-its-armor/ Website]. Accessed 14 Nov. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211114234339/https://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/your-marine-corps/2021/03/22/goodbye-tanks-how-the-marine-corps-will-change-and-what-it-will-lose-by-ditching-its-armor/ Archive]).
* Zaloga, Steven J. ''M1 Abrams VS T-72 Ural - Operation Desert Storm 1991''. E-book ed., Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2009. Kindle.

{{TankManufacturer GDLS}}
{{USA medium tanks}}

M1A1 HC

2022-07-14T14:26:52Z

U126388871: minor correction

{{About
| about= American medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage= other vehicles of the family
| link= M1 Abrams (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=us_m1a1_hc_abrams
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Direct Hit"]].

The {{PAGENAME}} is a modification to the preceding [[M1A1 Abrams]] with features requested by the United States Marine Corps. The designation M1A1 HC, which stands for "'''H'''eavy '''C'''ommon", is to indicate the M1A1's "commonality" of features as the M1A1 HC was used by both the US Army and the US Marine Corps.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The armour of the M1A1 HC is a drastic improvement from its predecessor. Like the succeeding M1A2, the M1A1 HC has 2nd generation depleted uranium (DU) inserts in the turret, making the turret practically impervious to most attacks. It also retains the same crew layout of its predecessors along with the blowout ammo rack, meaning it is quite survivable. The hull remains unchanged however, and due to the increase in BR, most enemies will be able to penetrate it even at long range.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=2533|rbMinHp=1343}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M256 (120 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M256 (120 mm)|120 mm M256]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 40 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 38.1 || 52.7 || 64.0 || 70.8 || 75.3 || rowspan="2" | 7.80 || rowspan="2" | 6.90 || rowspan="2" | 6.36 || rowspan="2" | 6.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 23.8 || 28.0 || 34.0 || 37.6 || 40.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The M1A1 HC is armed with the same 120 mm M256 smoothbore gun as the M1A1 and has access to the same ammunition of APFSDS and HEATFS. However, the M1A1 HC also gets access to a new HEATFS shell, M830A1. The M829 APFSDS round is still an excellent anti-tank munition, boasting the third highest penetration figures out of any sabot round in the game, at 493 mm of flat penetration at point-blank and decreasing to just 458 mm at 2 km. Its angled performance is also excellent, penetrating 284 mm of armour at 60 degrees point-blank and 264 mm at 2 km. It is sufficient to reliably engage any vehicle in the game frontally. The M830 HEATFS shell penetrates a meagre 480 mm of armour. It is not recommended to use this shell after unlocking the M829. The M830A1 is a special type of HEATFS round. Instead of using a conventional impact fuse, M830A1 is a sub-calibre HEATFS round that has been saboted into a 120 mm casing and fitted with a proximity fuse. This allows it to effectively engage low flying aircraft and helicopters up to a range of 4.5 km. The sub-calibre nature of the round means it travels extremely quickly at 1,400 m/s, making it the fastest HEAT round in the game. However, its effectiveness against armoured vehicles is limited as it penetrates a mere 350 mm of armour.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M830 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
| M830A1 || HEATFS || 350 || 350 || 350 || 350 || 350 || 350
|-
| M829 || APFSDS || 491 || 488 || 481 || 473 || 464 || 454
|-
| M829A1 || APFSDS || 598 || 596 || 589 || 580 || 570 || 560
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M830 || HEATFS || 1,140 || 13.1 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 2,360 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M830A1 || HEATFS || 1,410 || 11.4 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,390 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M829 || APFSDS || 1,670 || 3.94 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M829A1 || APFSDS || 1,569 || 4.64 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_M1A1_Abrams.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || 35 ''(+5)'' || 18 ''(+22)'' || 1 ''(+39)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M240 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle (Commander) || 1,000 (200) || 577 || -9°/+65° || -160°/+180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M240 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M240]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 10,000 (200) || 941 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle (Loader) || 1,400 (200) || 941 || -9°/+65° || -77°/+135°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The M1A1 HC is essentially the [[M1A2 Abrams|M1A2]] without the CITV but with a soft-kill active protection system (APS) that is only useful against early missiles but useless against laser-guided missiles like Hellfires or Vikhrs. The M1A1 HC also has good acceleration which allows for flanking manoeuvres. Due to its increased turret protection and better APFSDS round, it is also suited for sniping at long ranges especially when hull down. With a higher BR than its predecessor, it faces tanks that have no problem penetrating its hull necessitating proper utilization of hard cover found in maps. Its M829A1 round allows it to more comfortably engage targets at range and penetrate armour more reliably up close.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful and versatile ammunition selection
* Has an active protection system that can provide protection against some ATGMs, also comes stock
* Better turret protection when compared to the M1A1
* M829 is a Tier I modification, with NVDs being Tier III
* Carries 4 charges of smoke grenades (4/16 compared to the 6/12 carried by its brothers)

'''Cons:'''

* No commander's sight
* APS is visible through night vision devices and cannot intercept modern ATGMs

== History ==

===Development & Procurement===
Though the [[M1 Abrams]] became accepted into service of the United States Army in November 1981,<ref name="Green_Abrams1">Green 2015, Loc 241 of 1808</ref> the United States Marines Corps (USMC) were not able to immediately look into procurement of the Abrams tanks due to budget. It was not until February 1985 that the Commandant of the Marine Corps sought to officially replace the [[M60A1 (AOS)|M60A1]] in USMC service with the [[M1A1 Abrams]], with plans for 490 M1A1 to replace 760 M60A1 beginning in November 1990.<ref name="Green_Abrams2">Green 2015, Loc 1187-1201 of 1808</ref>
[[File:M1A1 HC V18 amphibious assault 130519-M-DA099-026.jpg|x250px|right|none|thumb|A USMC M1A1 HC in an amphibious exercise. The ability of the M1A1 to accept a deep water fording kit, a feature the USMC requested, is an indicator of a "Heavy Common" variant.]]

The USMC's plan to acquire the M1A1 (or the M1A1 {{Annotation|HA|Heavy Armor}} model with {{Annotation|DU|depleted uranium}} armour since October 1988<ref name="AFVDB_Abrams">Conners 2021</ref>) also requested design changes to the tank to fit the USMC's needs. These requests culminated to eighty engineering changes, such as deep-wading adapters for fording kits, stronger chain tie-downs, and a position location reference system.<ref name="Green_Abrams2" /><ref name="AFVDB_Abrams" /><ref name="Zaloga_M1vsT72">Zaloga 2009, Loc 908-916 of 1274</ref> Instead of producing this modified Abrams tank just for the USMC, the changes were integrated into the overall M1A1 HA production lines beginning in November 1990, when {{Annotation|GDLS|General Dynamic Land Systems}} began producing Abrams for the USMC. These M1A1s were not distinguished by the service branch, being sent to both the US Army and US Marine Corps. As such, the US Army began referring to the M1A1s produced after November 1990 as the '''M1A1 HC''', with '''HC''' for "'''H'''eavy '''C'''ommon" in reference to the commonality of the M1A1 HA tank design between service branches. The USMC came to reference the tank as the '''M1A1 Common''', while referring to any pre-November 1990 builds of the M1A1 HA as a "Plain Jane".<ref name="Green_Abrams2" /> The primary distinction between a US Army and a US Marine Corps M1A1 HC is the smoke grenade launchers, the US Army uses the M250 smoke grenade launcher while the USMC uses the M257 smoke grenade launcher.<ref name="inetres_smoke">Cooke 2008</ref>

Though the USMC requested for 490 M1A1 HC tanks, they would only receive 269 units by the delivery end date of 1992.<ref name="Green_Abrams2" /> An insufficient number for their needs, the USMC would receive additional support from US Congress between 1994 to 1995, which allocated enough funding for the transfer of 134 M1A1 tanks from the US Army. As these were "Plain Jane" M1A1 HAs, an upgrade program was started between 1995 to 1997 to apply "Common" design changes into the "Plain Janes". Another transfer would occur in between 2002 to 2005 for 181 M1A1 HA from the US Army to the USMC, which were likewise modified to HC standards.<ref name="Green_Abrams3">Green 2015, Loc 1201-1208 of 1808</ref>

===Combat usage===
The USMC's stock of M1A1 Abrams tank would see first use during the 1991 Gulf War. However, their primary tank deployed to the theater was the [[M60A1 RISE (P)]] as they were still procuring and transitioning to the M1A1 tanks. To bolster the Marine's number of Abrams, the US Army provided 60 "Plain Jane" M1A1 HA to the Marines 2nd Tank Battalion while the two companies of the 4th Tank Battalion of the USMC Reserve was equipped with 16 of the newer M1A1 HC. As such, the Abrams made up of 76 of the total 353 USMC tanks in the Gulf War, the rest of which was composed of M60A1s.<ref name="Zaloga_M1vsT72" />
[[File:USMC M1A1 Afghanistan - DIVDSHUB 364427.jpg|x250px|left|thumb|Two M1A1 HC of the USMC in Helmand province, Afghanistan. The front tank has a dozer blade attached. The two large cylindrical antennas on the turret bustle of each tank is for the CREW-1 jammer unit.]]

The USMC's Abrams were committed into action during the ground phase of Operation Desert Storm. 4th Tank Battalion's Bravo Company saw action in the pre-dawn hours of February 25th when a T-72 battalion from the 3rd Saladin Armored Division approached their location.<ref name="Zaloga_M1vsT72combat">Zaloga 2009, Loc 1160-1168 of 1274</ref><ref name="NHHC_Feb1991">Naval History and Heritage Command 2015</ref> The M1A1 HCs, benefitting from their thermal imager gun sights, were able to engage and decimate the battalion, destroying up to 34 of the 35 total T-72 tanks in a span of 90 seconds.<ref name="NHHC_Feb1991" /><ref name="Green_Abrams4">Green 2015, Loc 1214 of 1808</ref> One crew was even credited with hitting seven tanks with seven rounds in about a minute.<ref name="Zaloga_M1vsT72combat" />

The M1A1 HC would continue to see use wherever the USMC deployed their armoured units, such as in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. The M1A1 HC's usage in Afghanistan stand out as the US Army did not bring any Abrams, and were present from 2011 to 2013. The tanks deployed to these two operations are distinguished by the fitting of a CREWS 1 electronic receiver/jammer unit, intended to prevent the transmission of frequencies from detonating improvised explosive devices (IED). These are distinguished by two large antennas usually located at the turret rear.<ref name="Green_Abrams5">Green 2015, Loc 1222-1258 of 1808</ref>

===Further upgrades and the Future===
The USMC stuck with the M1A1 HC throughout its service life, lacking the budget to upgrade to the US Army's [[M1A2 Abrams]]. However, the USMC integrated several M1A2 and other US Army features such as the Stabilized Commander's Weapon Station (SCWS) and Tank-Infantry Phone (TIP). One unique upgrade the USMC implemented on their tanks was the Abrams Suspension Upgrade (ASU), intended to improve the Abrams' supported weight to 77 tons. A Firepower Enhancement Program (FEP) was also implemented to improve the fire control system and {{annotation|IFF|Identification friend or foe}} recognition.<ref name="Green_Abrams5" />

In 2020, the United States Marine Corps was reorganized under Commandant Gen. David Berger as part of Force Design 2030, with the decision made to deactivate all tank units under the USMC.<ref name="Military_TankGone">Harkins Mar. 2020</ref> The process began in July with 4th Tank Battalion's deactivation and ended in on 21 May 2021 with the 1st Tank Battalion's deactivation.<ref name="Military_4thTank">Harkins Jul. 2020</ref><ref name="USMC_1stTank">Athey 2021</ref> The 452 M1A1 HC tanks in USMC inventory are to be transferred to the US Army by 2023.<ref name="USMC_TankEnd">South 2021</ref>

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_m1a1_hc_abrams Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|LufGqZTfvoI|'''MBTs with Best Armor''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 02:11 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|pZxE5eUhnFQ|'''The Shooting Range #270''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:29 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;[[M1 Abrams (Family)|Related development]]

* [[M1 Abrams]]
* [[IPM1]]
* [[M1A1 Abrams]]
* [[M1A2 Abrams]]

== External links ==


* [http://afvdb.50megs.com/usa/m1abrams.html [American Fighting Vehicle Database<nowiki>]</nowiki> M1 Abrams] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211109164841/http://afvdb.50megs.com/usa/m1abrams.html Archive])

=== References ===
<references />

;Bibliography:

* Athey, Philip. "Marine Corps deactivates its final active-duty tank battalion". ''Marine Corps Times'', 25 May 2021, [https://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/your-marine-corps/2021/05/25/marine-corps-deactivates-its-final-active-duty-tank-battalion/ Website]. Accessed 14 Nov. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211114234337/https://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/your-marine-corps/2021/05/25/marine-corps-deactivates-its-final-active-duty-tank-battalion/ Archive]).
* Chief of Naval Operations. "THE UNITED STATES NAVY IN "DESERT SHIELD" / "DESERT STORM" » Appendix A: Chronology - February 1991". ''Naval History and Heritage Command'', 02 Mar. 2015, [https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/u/us-navy-in-desert-shield-desert-storm/february-1991.html Website]. Accessed 14 Nov. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211114233638/https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/u/us-navy-in-desert-shield-desert-storm/february-1991.html Archive]).
* Conners, Chris. "M1 Abrams". ''American Fighting Vehicle Database'', 13 Nov. 2021, [http://afvdb.50megs.com/usa/m1abrams.html Website]. Accessed 14 Nov. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211114233648/http://afvdb.50megs.com/usa/m1abrams.html Archive]).
* Cooke, Gary W. "U.S. Vehicle Grenade Launchers". ''Gary's Place'', 03 May 2008, [https://www.inetres.com/gp/military/cv/weapon/launchers.html Website]. Accessed 14 Nov. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211115001048/https://www.inetres.com/gp/military/cv/weapon/launchers.html Archive]).
* Green, Michael. ''Images of War: M1 Abrams Tanks - Rare Photographs From Wartime Archives''. E-book ed., Pen & Sword Military, 2015. Kindle.
* Harkins, Gina. "Marines to Shut Down All Tank Units, Cut Infantry Battalions in Major Overhaul". ''Military Advantage'', 23 Mar. 2020, [https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/03/23/marines-shut-down-all-tank-units-cut-infantry-battalions-major-overhaul.html Website]. Accessed 14 Nov. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211114234334/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/03/23/marines-shut-down-all-tank-units-cut-infantry-battalions-major-overhaul.html Archive]).
* Harkins, Gina. "Marine Corps Begins Shutdown of All Tank Battalions". ''Military Advantage'', 21 Jul 2020, [https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/07/21/marine-corps-begins-shutdown-of-all-tank-battalions.html Website]. Accessed 14 Nov. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211114234339/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/07/21/marine-corps-begins-shutdown-of-all-tank-battalions.html Archive]).
* South, Todd. "Goodbye, tanks: How the Marine Corps will change, and what it will lose, by ditching its armor". ''Marine Corps Times'', 22 Mar. 2021, [https://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/your-marine-corps/2021/03/22/goodbye-tanks-how-the-marine-corps-will-change-and-what-it-will-lose-by-ditching-its-armor/ Website]. Accessed 14 Nov. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211114234339/https://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/your-marine-corps/2021/03/22/goodbye-tanks-how-the-marine-corps-will-change-and-what-it-will-lose-by-ditching-its-armor/ Archive]).
* Zaloga, Steven J. ''M1 Abrams VS T-72 Ural - Operation Desert Storm 1991''. E-book ed., Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2009. Kindle.

{{TankManufacturer GDLS}}
{{USA medium tanks}}

M4A3E2

2022-05-14T19:35:27Z

U126388871: /* General info */ double negative

{{About
| about = American heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = other M4 Shermans
| link-1 = M4 Sherman (Family)
| usage-2 = other uses
| link-2 = M4 (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=us_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==


The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was one of the first American tanks to be released with the American ground tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. A variant of the M4A3 Sherman, the M4A3E2 has a new T23 style turret and extra armor clapped on nearly every surface. This additional armor gives the M4A3E2 nearly 10 centimeters of protection sloped at 47 degrees, which is a massive upgrade over the previous M4 Shermans. As a side note, the nickname "Jumbo" was likely never used during WWII, as there is no record of it. However, its use both on the Wiki and in-game is still prevalent.

Though the M4A3E2 looks like a regular Sherman, it is able to soak up a lot more damage than your average M4 and is able to assault positions effectively. A majority of common guns around the Jumbo's BR really struggle to frontally penetrate this beast. Using the M4A3E2 to lead an aggressive push can often force your enemies to direct their fire on you, allowing your stronger-gunned allies to take out tougher targets.

Despite broadly resembling an [[M4A2]], this tank is a much tougher target. The 38.1 mm of armor added to the frontal glacis and upper side of the Jumbo offer significant protection against most guns at this BR, especially when angled at about 30 degrees. The T23-esque turret is another departure from the standard Sherman formula, as it offers an astounding 152mm of protection at all angles and has a large, blocky gun mantlet that surrounds the rather underwhelming 75mm gun. To help with mobility, the M4A3E2's tracks have been widened with duckbill connectors to spread the greater weight of the tank along a larger area and a beefier engine was installed.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and Armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armor type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armor (hull, turret roof, cupola roof)
* Cast homogeneous armor (turret, cupola, gun mantlet, transmission housing, MG port)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 63.5 + 38.1 mm (47°) ''Front glacis'' 25.4 + 34 mm ''MG port'' 114.3-139.7 mm (cylindrical) ''Transmission housing'' || 76.2 mm ''Top'' 38.1 mm ''Bottom'' || 38.1 mm (10°) ''Upper plate'' 38.1 mm (7°) ''Lower plate'' 38.1 mm (24°) ''Lower glacis'' || 63.5 + 38.1 mm (42°) ''Front glacis'' 19.5 mm ''Centre'' 19.5 mm (8°) ''Rear - Centre'' 19.5 mm (24°) ''Rear - Sides''
|-
| Turret || 152.4 mm (0-52°) ''Turret front'' 177.8 mm (4-60°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 152.4 mm (4-42°) || 152.4 mm (0-79°) || 63.5 mm (28°) ''Front'' 25.4 mm ''Centre''
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 51 mm (conical) || 51 mm ''Outer ring'' 25.4 mm ''Centre''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, while bogies are 10 mm thick and tracks are 20 mm thick
* Belly armor is 25.4 mm thick
* Hull underside right above the tracks is 9.5 mm thick

While >160mm of line-of-sight thickness is nothing to sneeze at, there are still a few guns around the M4A3E2's BR that can cleave through it with little effort. Give the German Long 88, Soviet 122mm, and 152mm guns the respect they deserve; they can easily knock the Jumbo out in one shot regardless of angle.

However, if you can't penetrate the M4A3E2's glacis, there are still points that were not (or could not be) well-armored; namely, the machine gun port, cupola, and lower side.

The M4A3E2 presents very little frontal weak spots in an engagement. If possible, it is best to try and force the Jumbo to try and angle his vehicle. An angle of more than 30 degrees can expose the much weaker 38mm thick lower side armor. With a powerful enough gun, a round can penetrate this area and damage the crew, immobilize the tank, or detonate the ammo.

If the M4A3E2 decides not to angle significantly enough to expose its weak lower side, there are a few other areas to try and penetrate. The semispherical machine gun port is only about 60mm thick, so nearly any gun around this BR can attempt to penetrate it. However, it is an extremely hard target to hit, especially when the Jumbo angles and moves back and forth. Make sure to aim for the gun port proper, as a shell that clips the horseshoe shaped bit of armor around it will generally fail to penetrate.

The cupola of the M4A3E2 is another small weak point. Tanks like the Tiger 1 that lack the penetration to cut through the glacis can float a shell through the Jumbo's low cupola. An APHE shell that manages to detonate will generally kill the entire turret crew, crippling the tank.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=646|rbMinHp=442|AoAweight=|abMaxHp=795}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

In Tier I, ''Parts'' should, of course, be the prioritized module for field repairs. This will unlock Tier II modifications and grant access to the very vital ''FPE'' and ''M61 shot'', the former for preservation against fires and the latter to improve combat effectiveness.

In Tier III, ''Crew Replenishment'' should be obtained for crew survival improvement and the APCR ''T45 shot'' for improved armor-piercing power. After that, everything else could be done at one's own priorities, but ''Engine'' should be invested for better automotive performances and ''M89'' for the smoke capabilities. Fully upgraded, the Jumbo can glide around very fast for a heavy, so mobility upgrades are recommended.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M3 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm M3]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 104 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Vertical|up to 24 km/h}} || 19.4 || 26.9 || 32.6 || 36.1 || 38.4 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.3 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* M72 shot - {{Annotation|AP|Armour-Piercing}} - Solid shot, stock shell. An armor-piercing shell with acceptable penetration but poor post-penetration damage.
* M48 shell - {{Annotation|HE|High-Explosive fragmentation shell}} - A low-velocity shell useful against soft targets, in particular when hitting an open-topped vehicle. Harmless against any enclosed vehicle with more than 10 mm of armor.
* M61 shot - {{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-Piercing Capped Ballistic Capped}} - A capped armor-piercing shell with a better penetration than the M72 thanks to its ballistic cap and a good post-penetration damage thanks to its explosive filler.
* T45 shot - {{Annotation|APCR|Armour-Piercing Composite Round}} - Subcaliber round with high penetration but only on flat surfaces, with a high muzzle velocity but a poor post-penetration damage potential.
* M89 - Smoke shell - A very low-velocity shell deploying a smoke screen on impact, useful to blind enemy vehicles that are too remote for you to disable so that you can progress towards objectives.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M72 shot || AP || 91 || 88 || 78 || 67 || 57 || 49
|-
| M48 shell || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
| M61 shot || APCBC || 104 || 101 || 90 || 78 || 68 || 59
|-
| T45 shot || APCR || 139 || 135 || 121 || 105 || 91 || 79
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M72 shot || AP || 619 || 6.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M48 shell || HE || 463 || 6.3 || 0 || 0.1 || 666 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M61 shot || APCBC || 618 || 6.79 || 1.2 || 14 || 63.7 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| T45 shot || APCR || 868 || 3.81 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M89 || 259 || 3 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''104''' || 100 ''(+4)'' || 50 ''(+54)'' || 0 ''(+104)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* As they are modeled by sets of 2, shells disappear from the rack only after you fire both shells in the set.
* Turret empty: 100 ''(+4)'' shells.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 600 (200) || 577 || -10°/+30° || ±60°
|-
|}
The roof-mounted M2HB .50 cal heavy machine gun is very good at knocking out tracks, punching through lightly armoured vehicles and shooting down low-flying aircraft. Use it sparsely because of its low ammo count.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
The small calibre of the M1919A4 machine gun makes it largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. It still can be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help or to mow down minor obstacles blocking your line of sight.

== Usage in battles ==


The M4A3E2 is best in assaulting enemy positions with allies. Its great mobility for a heavy tank, especially with its armour, makes it a vehicle able to charge into battle and take anything head-on with confidence. It can act as a bullet magnet against enemy tanks more worried about the M4A3E2, diverting fire that would've gone to more vulnerable teammates. Though the 75mm gun's AP performance is not suited to the type of enemies expected at the BR, it can still harass enemies and the gun is lethal enough that enemies will be forced to show their front armour towards the Jumbo else a 75 mm penetrates their side armour. Their focus on the Jumbo can allow allies to move around and eliminate them. During all this, take care not to over-angle and show the lower side armour too much as this will allow vehicles to penetrate through down there and damage modules, even the ammunition storage if they are lucky.

Another role the M4A3E2 is good it is as a flanker. Due to its great mobility as a heavy tank, the M4A3E2 Jumbo can manoeuvre like a medium tank around the battlefield. This is also beneficial to the 75 mm gun as it would permit the M4A3E2 a chance to attack the weaker side armours of enemy vehicles. Once flanking around and finding a prime position in a firing angle right into an enemy chokepoint, minimize exposure to anything but the front armour and the M4A3E2 can remain a formidable obstacle to all opponents. Take care not to be outflanked by enemy players aware of the M4A3E2 position.

Due to the M4A3E2 Jumbo having a slightly higher battle-rating than the other M4 Shermans, it can face tanks such as the [[Panther D]] and [[Tiger_H1|Tiger H1]], meaning its 75 mm cannon starts becoming less effective. For this reason, it is advisable to take the T45 APCR ammo into battle once unlocked, at least enough to take on the armoured targets the Jumbo will face.

The Soviet 85 mm can be a threat, so caution is advised when going up against tanks armed with the 85 mm, such as the [[T-34-85]], [[SU-85]], and [[IS-1]]. The [[Jagdpanzer 38(t)]] and [[Jagdpanzer IV]] can be tricky when facing off against them. Their frontal armour is too thick and sloped for the 75 mm M3 gun to have any effect on it. For these two targets, it is advised to target their tracks and transmission and then flank for a side shot, where the armour is much weaker. Also, the [[Dicker Max]] wields a 105 mm that can penetrate the front plate of the M4A3E2 Jumbo, so caution is advised against those as well. The 2 last common threats from the German tree are the [[Panzer IV/70(A)]] and [[Panzer IV/70(V)]]. The same advice can be taken from the Jagdpanzer 38(t) and Jagdpanzer IV but also considering that these tank destroyers can penetrate your frontal hull and turret under 500m. The [[SU-152]] and [[ISU-152]] with the stock APHE round can sometimes penetrate your frontal plate, however, special caution should be paid to the ISU-152. From the front, the 75mm gun will struggle to penetrate the armour of the ISU-152 but an ISU-152 using the HEAT shell can easily penetrate anywhere in the front hull and turret. The best tactic to countering the ISU-152 is to attempt to flank it as the side armour is only 75 mm thick. If flanking it is not possible, aim for the barrel, as it will reduce the accuracy of the ISU-152's main gun, and many ISU-152 players will not shoot the main gun if the barrel is damaged. Remember to wait for the ISU-152 to shoot before engaging it, as the reload time of the ISU-152 is very long. Finally, there is one more common opponent from the Soviet/Chinese tree: [[IS-2 (Family)|IS-2]]. Its 122 mm gun can easily penetrate the Jumbo, regardless of angle and distance. To destroy it, shoot at it when it's reloading or is unaware of your presence. For the 1943 model, aim at the cupola or the curved part of its hull armour that blends into the side. It has only 4 crew so killing all the turret crew (3, which is easy) will destroy it. For the [[IS-2 (1944)|1944 model]], only aim at the turret or the cupola as its hull is very strong.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Decent 75 mm gun with APCR rounds
* High rate of fire for the main gun
* Excellent gun depression
* Very strong turret armour from all sides, very good at hull down position
* Very good at leading a spearhead towards a capture point where it can provide cover to weaker allied tanks with more powerful guns
* Excellent frontal armour, about 101 mm thick
* Excellent all around turret armour, average 152 mm thick
* Can absorb a lot of damage
* Better mobility than the Soviet KV-1 and the British Churchill
* Equipped with gun stabilizer working up to 24km/h, making it more to shoot while moving.
* Good acceleration
* Incredibly tough when angled
* Wide tracks enable it to have decent off-road mobility, unlike other previous Sherman models
* Learning curve from previous Sherman variant will help a lot at mastering this tank

'''Cons:'''

* [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm gun]] lacks penetration against [[:Category:Heavy tanks|heavy tanks]]
* It needs allies support to be effective in battle as it cannot deal serious damage on its own
* Armour weak spot above the gun-mantlet (63.5 mm @ 60°)
* Small bottom corners on M4A3E2 gun mantlet can serve as shot traps
* Side armour better than normal, but still weak (76.2 mm), but the lower side hull armour is even worse (38.1 mm)
* Very thin rear armour
* Inability to compound angle greatly due to very weak lower side hull armour that would be penetrated
* Tall profile makes it a bigger target
* Bad off-road manoeuvrability
* Low top speed of 35 km/h
* Reverse speed is bad
* Hull MG is a weak spot
* Due to the layered armour at the front and the armour over-matching mechanic, the upper glacis armour can be dubious in that it does not reliably ricochet shells, particularly those from large calibre guns like the T-34-85
* Stock round struggles a noticeable amount at this BR, struggling to pen common enemies such as a T-34-85

== History ==

===Development===
Even before the invasion of Normandy, the Allied commanders had to figure out a method in order to breach heavily-defended fortification lines such as the Siegfried Line blocking the path from France to Germany. One of the solutions was for the implementation of "assault tanks" to enter enemy territory and root out the enemy fortifications. The initial plan was for the production of the [[M26|M26 Pershing]] tanks to fulfil this role, but setbacks in its development caused the M26 deployment to be delayed until 1945. A quick solution must be made to fill this "assault tank" role for the invasion of Europe in 1944.

US Ordnance then took their abundant [[M4|M4 Shermans]] in stock and fixed them up for the new role they've been assigned in. Although keeping the same engine, the armour was upped from around 76.2 mm initial thickness to 102 mm and angled at 47 degrees from vertical. This angle would influence later Sherman design such as the M4A3 by changing the original 56 degrees angled glacis with protruding crew hatches to 47 degrees angled glacis without any protrusion from the crew hatches. This modified M4 Sherman's armour when angled would then be 150 mm line-of-sight (LOS) thick and 180 mm effective. The side armour is also increased to 76.2 mm thick and the turret is redesigned to provide more protection. These modified Shermans were designated the '''M4A3E2''' by the Ordnance Department, whereas the nickname "Jumbo" was likely a post-war invention. At the end of the modifications, the Sherman "Jumbo" now weighed about 42 tons and moves a lower speed of 22 miles per hour. A drawback to the increased weight of the Sherman is that the Vertical Volute Suspension System (VVSS) from the Sherman was unable to take the weight easily, so extra care was taken by the crew members to not break the suspension.

In March of 1944, the US Army ordered for 254 of these vehicles to be delivered for use for European Operations. Intended for the assault on the Normandy Beachhead, it was deployed in Normandy after D-Day to assist the infantry push through German defences. The M4A3E2 originally came with the 75 mm guns to support infantry with its better HE shells compared to the planned 76 mm instalment, but the 76 mm was installed later in the campaign and called the [[M4A3E2 (76) W|M4A3E2 (76) W Jumbo]].

===Combat usage===
The M4A3E2 was well-liked by the crew and commanders due to its protection value. Despite the weight difference and strain on the suspension, it performed reliably and could absorb damage that would otherwise destroy regular Shermans. Later in the war, when the quantity of the M4 Sherman "Jumbos" were unable to meet the demand, George S. Patton ordered for existing M4 Shermans to weld on armour plates scavenged from knocked out tanks to makeshift "on-the-field" Jumbos. This caused the newer Shermans such as the [[M4A3 (76) W|M4A3 (76) W HVSS]] could have the same protection by welding metal onto the hull. One of the Jumbo's notable participation in the war was in Patton's Third Army where it spearheaded the assault to Bastogne to relieve the pinned down 101st Paratroopers (though they deny needing a "rescue").

When the war in the European Theater ended, the M4A3E2s were then placed stateside for the preparation for the invasion of the Japanese Home Islands. However, this was never to be fulfilled as Japan then surrendered to the United States in September 1945. The M4A3E2 Shermans proved to be a very effective stop-gap solution until heavier armoured tanks such as the Pershing could come into play. In 1948, about 96 Sherman Jumbos still remained in US inventory.

=== In-game description ===
The M4 Sherman went through its most interesting modification at the end of 1943, when American builders presented a compromise design. It was a direct infantry support tank to be used at the beginning of 1944 during infantry landings in Northern Europe. The solution, which was quite simple, came about after it became clear that the T26E1 heavy assault tank would be ready for full-scale production no earlier than January 1945: boost the tank's armour to 10 cm. At the same time a heavier turret was designed with 10.5 cm armour, the changes together resulting in a tank that weighed in at 38 tons. Experience on the front showed that modernized tracks with fixed grousers were the best option, and they ended up giving the new tank a significant speed boost. It was able to traverse rough terrain at a top speed of 22 mph.

The Fisher Tank Arsenal launched production of the M4A3E2 in May 1944 and finished in June of the same year. The tanks, which were bequeathed the nickname "Jumbo", were delivered to Europe that fall and served successfully through the end of the war.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|kmLZDtH7FpU|'''The Shooting Range #208''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 05:42 discusses the {{PAGENAME}} Jumbo.|WglgTOAzkEw|'''Heavy tanks are loved and hated for their armour. {{PAGENAME}} Jumbo''' - ''HowToPlay1337''|l31USzTa5EQ|'''How to destroy the Jumbo''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|WqofzCegX98|'''{{PAGENAME}} Jumbo Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}

== See also ==


;Other M4A3E2 vehicles in the game

* [[Cobra King]]
* [[M4A3E2 (76) W]]
* [[M4A3E2 (France)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/704|[Devblog] Steel Generals: M4A3E2]]
* [[wikipedia:M4_Sherman#M4A3E2|[Wikipedia] M4 Sherman - M4A3E2]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/US/m4a3e2-jumbo-assault-tank <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Assault Tank M4A3E2 Jumbo]

{{USA heavy tanks}}

Strv 122A

2022-04-21T02:24:05Z

U126388871: grammar

{{About
| about = Swedish medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Leopard 2 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_strv_122
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]]. The Strv 122 is based on the Leopard 2 improved, but with increased protection.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}
''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=2,032|rbMinHp=1,327}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|kan Strv 122 (120 mm)}}

The 120 mm kan Strv 122 is a Swedish license-produced version of the [[Rheinmetall L44 (120 mm)|Rheinmetall L/44]], and has access to DM33 APFSDS rounds. However, players who have not unlocked it yet, or who cannot afford the cost of said ammunition on an already exorbitantly expensive tank to repair, will be treated to the DM23 round, which, whilst adequate for most targets, is less reliable.

The gun handling is excellent, featuring a fast turret traverse and fast gun elevation akin to most of its contemporaries, such as the [[M1A2 Abrams|M1A2]] and [[Leopard 2A5]]. The reload is also comparable to the M1A2 and 2A5, being able to go down to 6.0 s. This is slower than other MBTs such as the [[Type 90 (B)]] and [[Challenger 2 (2F)]], and as fast as the [[Leclerc]], which benefits from an autoloader.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[kan Strv 122 (120 mm)|120 mm kan Strv 122]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 42 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 38.1 || 52.7 || 64.0 || 70.8 || 75.3 || rowspan="2" | 7.80 || rowspan="2" | 6.90 || rowspan="2" | 6.36 || rowspan="2" | 6.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 23.8 || 28.0 || 34.0 || 37.6 || 40.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| DM23 || APFSDS || 410 || 408 || 401 || 393 || 384 || 376
|-
| DM33 || APFSDS || 481 || 478 || 470 || 461 || 450 || 440
|-
| slsgr m/95 || HE || 36 || 36 || 36 || 36 || 36 || 36
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| DM23 || APFSDS || 1,640 || 4.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| DM33 || APFSDS || 1,640 || 4.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| slsgr m/95 || HE || 736 || 17.5 || 0 || 0.1 || 3,540 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Leopard_2A6.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the [[Leopard 2A6]] (identical)]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''42''' || 16 ''(+26)'' || 1 ''(+41)'' || No
|-
|}

==== Optics and night vision ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Type of optic
! rowspan="3" |Magnification
! colspan="5" |[[Night Vision Devices]]
|-
! colspan="3" |Image Intensifier
! rowspan="2" |{{Annotation|Thermal Imager Resolution|The higher the resolution the clearer and more detailed the image is}}
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
! {{Annotation|Resolution|The higher the resolution the clearer and more detailed the image is}}
! {{Annotation|Light Mult|By how much the image intensifier amplifies the existing light, primarily useful for comparing image intensifiers}}
! {{Annotation|Noise Level|How much noise is present in the image (how grainy the image is)}}
|-
! Gunner's Sight
| X4.0 - X12 || - || - || - || 500 x 300 || Thermal imager unlocked by "NVD" modification (tier 3)
|-
! Commander's View
| X6 || - || - || - || 800 x 600 || Thermal imager unlocked by "NVD" modification (tier 3)
|-
! Driver's View
| X1 || 800 x 600 || 5.0 || High || Not Fitted || Image intensifier unlocked by "NVD" modification (tier 3)
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|ksp 94 (7.62 mm)}}

The Strv 122 possesses a coaxial and a pintle-mounted 7.62 mm machine gun. Whilst ineffective against armour, they are able to deal with bushes, and lucky shots against aircraft may set their engine ablaze or hit their pilot.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ksp 94 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm ksp 94]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,500 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (1,000) || 1,200 || -8°/+20° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


Playing like the average Main Battle Tank should suffice. Compared to most tanks, the frontal armour and turret are better protected, meaning the tank can be played more aggressively. Hiding the lower mantlet is still required to avoid opponents exploiting a weak point.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* A very well armoured MBT with even fewer weak spots (UFP)
* There is a thick layer composite armour covering the roof
* Good speed and manoeuvrability
* Equipped with high-penetrating APFSDS shells and powerful HE shells
* Gen 2 thermal sights for the commander, with a well elevated commander view

'''Cons:'''

* Lower frontal plate is still a weak spot
* Turret ring is the main target for enemy tanks

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=sweden&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=sw_strv_122 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|TZRl4RvDmbE|'''The Shooting Range #193''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:32 discusses the Strv 122A.|E3gn_zt3ies|'''War Thunder: Should You Grind The Strv 122?''' - ''SakoSniper''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Sweden medium tanks}}

M1A2 Abrams

2022-03-27T23:21:25Z

U126388871: Aced Abrams crew can reload faster than T-80U and T-80BVM

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_m1a2_abrams
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened to '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.93 "Shark Attack"]] as the top researchable vehicle in the US Ground Forces tech tree. The M1A2 introduces heavy depleted uranium armour and a commander's thermal sight.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


[[File:M1A2 armour scheme.png|thumbnail|The M1A2's frontal KE protection vs 3BM42 at 500 metres]]
[[File:M1A2 CE armour scheme.png|thumbnail|The M1A2's frontal CE protection vs MIM-146]]

The M1A2's armour is a massive improvement in comparison to its predecessor, the [[M1A1 Abrams|M1A1]], and is the first Abrams in the game to be equipped with depleted uranium composite armour, located behind the turret cheeks of the tank. The protection afforded with the use of depleted uranium amounts to roughly over 300 mm RHAe more armour against kinetic energy projectiles whilst retaining the near-impenetrable chemical protection of the M1A1. The turret's overall kinetic energy protection ranges from around 780 mm to 680 mm, whilst the chemical energy protection ranges from 1200 mm to 1000 mm. However, the M1A2 has no depleted uranium located in the lower front plate, retaining the same weak spots as the M1A1's hull. The turret ring and breech also are weak spots, though the breech on the Abrams series is notably some of the strongest out of all NATO main battle tanks being small and well protected against chemical energy rounds and some early APFSDS rounds.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=2,058|rbMinHp=1,343}}

The {{PAGENAME}} retains the same 1,519 horsepower AGT-1500 gas turbine on previous Abrams variants, though the tank has gained an additional 4 tons of weight, putting the total mass of the tank at 61.7 tonnes. This translates to a noticeable decrease in acceleration and manoeuvrability due to a lower hp/ton ratio. However, the tank retains the same 68 km/h top speed and 40 km/h reverse speed and relative to its counterparts the {{PAGENAME}} is still fairly mobile, especially at speeds over 40 km/h. When stock, the hull traverse is quite horrendous and acceleration is lacking, though these are largely remedied by researching the tracks, filters, engine and transmission modifications.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

'''<big>Unlock order recommendations</big>'''

The order of modifications should be well thought out. Below is a guide of which modifications to unlock first, but it is just a recommendation and can be modified or adapted depending on the tank commander's preferences.

'''Tier 1'''

The first two modifications that should be unlocked are parts and the M829 APFSDS round, to allow repairing of the tank and increase firepower respectively. The order of the two unlocks is up to the vehicle commander but these two modifications are by far the most important when starting the stock grind. You only need one modification to move on to tier 2 but it is highly recommended to get both parts and M829 before moving on.

'''Tier 2'''

Moving on, you need two modifications from tier 2 in order to move to tier 3. Some good choices are FPE and smoke grenades; these two are the most important to success on the battlefield. FPE allows the putting out of fires and smoke grenades allows the deploying of a smoke screen, both of which are likely to save the tank on the field of battle. Now, adjustment of fire can be useful when engaging at longer ranges but in most cases it's not necessary at ranges up to even over one kilometre. After you unlock your two modifications in tier 2 it's recommended to move on to tier 3 to unlock more useful modifications.

'''Tier 3'''

In tier 3 there are several useful modifications but only two are required to move on to tier 4. Because there are multiple useful modifications in this tier a more broad recommendation should be given. The laser rangefinder - which allows great accuracy at long range, crew replenishment - which allows replacing a knocked out crew member, and filters - which increase mobility, although elevation mechanism can be useful as well it generally isn't quite as useful on the M1A2 because the gun already elevates quickly enough to use in battle. It's probably best to get crew replenishment and laser rangefinder but this one is up to the commander.

'''Tier 4'''

Moving on to tier 4 the prioritized modifications should be M829A2, NVD, and engine modifications to give much increased firepower, search and location ability, and mobility respectively. After that the most major modifications have been researched and now it's time to go back through the tiers and pick up the remaining mods.

'''Finishing up'''

After reaching tier 4 there are likely still useful modifications throughout the tiers that should be researched including tracks, filters, transmission, elevation mechanism, M830A1 and others. There are some modifications that aren't very useful though and should be saved for last, like suspension and brake system.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M256 (120 mm)}}

The M1A2 is armed with the 120 mm M256 smoothbore gun, the same cannon found on the M1A1 and the M1A1 HC, and has access to the same APFSDS and HEATFS ammunition. Its ammo selection is identical to the M1A1 HC, with the exception of the more powerful M829A2 APFSDS.

The M1A2's gun handles very well, with a very efficient stabiliser that allows accurate fire at any speed and a very fast turret traverse. The gun has good depression and elevation angles; negative 10 and positive 20 degrees respectively. An aced crew can reload the gun in just six seconds, which is comparable its contemporaries although slower than the Challenger 2s, Type 90s, and Type 10.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M256 (120 mm)|120 mm M256]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 42 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 38.1 || 52.7 || 64.0 || 70.8 || 75.3 || rowspan="2" | 7.80 || rowspan="2" | 6.90 || rowspan="2" | 6.36 || rowspan="2" | 6.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 23.8 || 28.0 || 34.0 || 37.6 || 40.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M830 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
| M830A1 || HEATFS || 350 || 350 || 350 || 350 || 350 || 350
|-
| M829 || APFSDS || 491 || 488 || 481 || 473 || 464 || 454
|-
| M829A2 || APFSDS || 629 || 627 || 619 || 610 || 601 || 590
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M830 || HEATFS || 1,140 || 13.1 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 2,360 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M830A1 || HEATFS || 1,410 || 11.4 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,390 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M829 || APFSDS || 1,670 || 3.94 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M829A2 || APFSDS || 1,680 || 4.64 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''42''' || 37 ''(+5)'' || 19 ''(+23)'' || 1 ''(+41)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M240 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle (Commander) || 1,000 (200) || 577 || -9°/+65° || -160°/+180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M240 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M240]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 10,000 (200) || 941 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle (Loader) || 1,400 (200) || 941 || -9°/+65° || -180°/+20°
|-
|}


== Usage in battles ==

The M1A2 Abrams excels as an all-around jack of all trades vehicle capable of any role presented to it. It has a great combination of protection, firepower, situational awareness and mobility to allow it to adapt to any task it may face, from close-quarters fighting in urban areas to long-range engagements on large open maps.

;Urban combat

The M1A2, with its good mobility and improved protection over the M1A1 can function as an effective brawler in close-quarters urban fighting. The M1A2's reload rate is on par when aced to its counterparts, with the exception of the Challenger 2 and Type 90, making it able to quickly dish out damage and deal with multiple foes. Thusly, the M1A2 has no issue leading the charge into urban areas and being a frontline vehicle in the thick of the action, being able to equally deal damage and take it.

;Rural combat

On large open maps, the M1A2 is fully able to exploit its improved turret protection and commander's thermal imaging to give it the upper hand in long-range battles. The mobility of the M1A2 allows it to reach advantageous positions that overlook key areas of the map but its 1st gen. thermal device doesn't allow a fast identification of targets at range and in dense woodland. The commander's thermal imager means the player can keep track of threats all around the vehicle and monitor the battlefield without exposing the turret at all. The M1A2 is best played as an ambush sniper, using its commander's thermal sight to survey from cover, exposing the tank only to engage a target. The turret armour also means the M1A2 should be kept in a hull-down position, making the tank extremely hard to destroy. The M1A2 also retains the ability to effectively take the enemy head-on when the situation calls for it, such as assaulting capture points. The M830A1 shell is also valuable, allowing the M1A2 to become an ad-hoc anti-aircraft vehicle, especially against unwary helicopters that get too close to you or your allies.

;Notable enemies

* [[Leopard 2A5]]/[[Leopard 2A6|2A6]]: These are the main counterparts of the M1A2. Though the M1A2 outperforms the Leopard 2A5 in firepower, the Leopard 2A6 has superior firepower. The DM53 APFSDS the Leopard 2A6 is equipped with is capable of penetrating the turret cheek of the M1A2 at closer ranges. Thus, the Leopard 2s should be a high-priority target to be dealt with carefully. When hull down, the Leopard 2s can only be effectively penetrated through the gun mantlet or a lucky shot into the turret ring, so aim for the gun area, as this usually results in at least the disablement of the cannon or breech. If the Leopard 2 presents its hull, aim for the left side as the lined-up crew members usually result in all of them being knocked out at the same time, resulting in a one shot if done correctly.

* [[T-80U]]: The T-80U can be a fearsome enemy if you are unaware of its significant disadvantages and weaknesses. The tank's frontal protection is very strong, though the area around the gun and the driver's hatch are weak spots that should be targeted. The T-80U, like many other T-series vehicles, are prone to being destroyed in one-shot due to the tightly-packed interior that has the turret crew sitting on top of all the ammunition. Furthermore, the T-80U is very vulnerable to any form of angling in the hull as its side protection is very weak in comparison to the frontal armour. A single penetration at all but the most oblique angles usually results in the detonation of the hull-ammo carousel to easily destroy the T-80U.

* [[Leclerc]]: The Leclerc's good mobility, firepower and protection make it a formidable foe to engage. However the tank's armour scheme is inconsistent and presents three main weak spots frontally; the massive and extremely weak mantlet, the UFP and LFP. These are quite easy to hit and present a good chance of dealing serious damage or knocking out the vehicle entirely.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* New depleted uranium composite armour layout makes the frontal turret extremely difficult to penetrate to all munitions in the game, other than the Leopard 2A6's DM53, at short range
* Can effectively destroy aircraft or helicopters with new HEATFS shell through proximity detonation
* Thermal sight for both the commander and gunner
* Good crew survivability like the rest of the Abrams line
* M829 APFSDS modification unlocked at tier I
* Powerful M829A2 APFSDS shell with excellent ballistics and penetration properties

'''Cons:'''

* Very easy to penetrate, even by low rank 5 tanks, hits on the UFP can auto bounce into the turret, often incapacitating the gunner and commander, as well as detonating the ammo
* The turret ring is a massive weak spot, any tank in the game can penetrate it, a hit to the highly angled upper front plate will likely cause the incoming shell to ricochet into the turret ring, destroying critical components and knocking out crew members
* The LFP is huge and has very poor protection
* Has the same weak spots as the preceding Abrams
* The gun mantlet weak spot on the turret, though this is common with all MBTs.
* The Leopard 2A6's DM53 has a good chance of penetrating the turret cheeks if they're hit at a right angle
* Least manoeuvrable Abrams in the game, due to its weight of 61.7 tonnes
* The stock HEATFS shell is very difficult to use at top tier due to every tank you face having more than 600mm of chemical protection or being coated in ERA frontally. Flank shots are the only reliable way to get kills
* Like with most Abrams series tanks, the engine deck is slightly raised, meaning that you will not be able to depress the gun over the rear of the tank.

== History ==

[[File:U.S. Army M1A2 Abrams Iraq 2005.jpg|x240px|right|none|thumb|Two US Army M1A2s in Iraq.]]

In the second half of the 1980s, a development project was launched to increase the combat effectiveness of the Abrams MBT. The result of this undertaking became the M1A2 version of the Abrams.

The new version featured an upgraded fire control system, a new independent commander's panoramic sight as well as improved protection thanks to the use of second generation depleted uranium composite armor. All of these upgrades combined significantly bolstered the combat capabilities of the Abrams tank. Production of the M1A2 began in 1986 and the modification was formally introduced into US service in 1992.

The M1A2 and its sub-variants are the most advanced modifications of the Abrams tank fielded to date. Over 1,500 M1A2s have been built with some older variants also being upgraded to the M1A2 standard. Apart from the U.S. as its primary operator, the M1A2 also sees service with the armed forces of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.

''- From [[wt:en/news/6451-development-m1a2-abrams-higher-and-higher-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_m1a2_abrams Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:M1A2 Cobra King II Hangar.png|Cobra King II, prepped for combat.
File:M1A2 on Kursk.png|Angel of Death, scanning the horizon on Kursk.
File:M1A2 Allied Spirit VIII camouflage.jpg|Unlockable Allied Spirit VIII skin representing US Army units in Europe, 2018.
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|k-TAP29inb8|'''Should You Grind The M1A2 Abrams?''' - ''Sako Sniper''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6451-development-m1a2-abrams-higher-and-higher-en|[Development] M1A2 Abrams - Higher and Higher]]

{{TankManufacturer GDLS}}
{{USA medium tanks}}

AGM-65B

2022-03-26T19:51:32Z

U126388871: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

== Description ==
[[File:WeaponImage AGM-65B.png|thumb|left|420px|The AGM-65B missile (scale is approximate)]]
{{Break}}
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|f-4e}}
* {{Specs-Link|f-4e_iaf}}
* {{Specs-Link|f-4f_late}}
* {{Specs-Link|f-5e}}
* [[A-10A]]

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the missile.''

=== Effective damage ===
''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of missile (high explosive, splash damage, etc)''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of missiles that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe situations when you would utilise this missile in-game (vehicle, pillbox, base, etc)''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fire-and-Forget missile
* Extended standoff range (beyond 10 km) if fired from altitude and at high speed
* Ease of use

'''Cons:'''

* requires a direct hit to kill ground vehicles and is occasionally absorbed by ERA even on directs hits

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the weapon;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Missiles}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

GBU-8 (2,000 lb)

2022-03-26T07:43:49Z

U126388871: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|a_4e_early_iaf}}
* {{Specs-Link|a_4e_late_iaf}}
* {{Specs-Link|a_4n}}
* [[A-10A]]
* [[A-10A Late]]

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the bomb.''

=== Effective damage ===
''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of bomb (high explosive, splash damage, etc)''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of bombs that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe situations when you would utilise this bomb in-game (vehicle, pillbox, base, etc)''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the weapon;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Bombs}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

PUMA

2022-03-26T01:53:19Z

U126388871: added data

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_schutzenpanzer_puma
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Wind of Change"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The exterior armor of the Puma is nothing we have not seen before in previous vehicles. The most protected piece of the Puma is the additional plate on the lower glacis being 15 mm. It has mediocre armor at first sight, barely withstanding 12.7 mm rounds. However, the spacing and modules make this vehicle a very capable one when it comes to survivability. The frontal glacis is in two parts, the upper area that is 5 mm RHA sloped at 76 degrees and the lower one being 15 mm RHA sloped at 32 degrees. Both the upper and lower plates will not stop anything but SPAA munitions at the battle-rating and HEAT-FS projectiles. The lower glacis plate is not as strong since it is not sloped as much as the front plate, but penetrating this plate will often result in shrapnel stopped by the engine deck.
[[File:Puma IFV vs 9M133.png|left|thumb|As seen in picture, 9M133 can be stopped by the composite array depending on the obliquity of the armor at LOS.]]
Thanks to the engine bay being on the front of the tank, it acts as an impressive spaced armor to protect the crew from all sorts of attacks in addition to the lower glacis composite armor and spall shields dividing the engine bay from the crew compartment. However, it comes at the expense of being lit on fire multiple times. It has access to a powerful ERA that protects the sides of the Puma. However, this ERA is only effective on certain chemical munitions as the side armor of the Puma is non-existent. It is similar to the armor package seen on the skirts of the Challenger 2 British Main Battle Tank as it offers a 500 mm protection against chemical munitions with a successful disruption up to 550 mm at 0° LOS. This protection is increased as the angling is higher. It is unable to fight against tandem warheads and ATGMs with a penetration above the stipulated.

The space inside the crew compartment offers a really good protection for chemical energy penetrators such as HEAT-FS, ATGMs and anti-tank grenades, having a similar effect as on the Class 3(P). This makes the tank capable of withstanding hits of almost all HEAT-FS of the BR and even some ATGMs without fatal damage. It is also able to reduce the penetration or stop ATGM like the [[9M113 Konkurs]] (ATGM of the [[BMP-2]]) and 9M112 (ATGM of the [[T-64B]]) although do not expect it to happen all the time, it depends on your angling, where the missile impacts and overpressure mechanics.

=== MUSS Active Protection System ===
The Puma has access to an infra-red jammer, the ‘MUSS’ APS. It is a constant active APS which provides protection against a wide variety of threats. The jamming device (commander’s optics like system on the highest mount of the turret’s roof) is mounted on the roof of the tank to cover the vulnerable frontal arc. It is called "Infrared Countermeasure" for the following reason: SACLOS guidance utilizes a beam-riding guidance which is connected to the GPS (gunner main sight in some cases, on others it is a different sight like on [[T-55AM-1]] and [[T-62M-1]]) which uses a flare as reference point for the guidance system in the ATGM. The missile moves with the gunner's sight and the flare tries to stay on the crosshairs. IRCM confuses the GPS with a brighter IR light decoy acting as the flare (the flare is also IR) which signals the ATGM to move to a different position nowhere near from the gunner's target. Furthermore, PUMA’s ‘MUSS’ active protection system provides a protective sphere around the vehicle against incoming missiles. The system works in a similar fashion to the familiar ‘Shtora’ system found on the Soviet T-90A MBT and the ‘EIREL’ system found on the French AMX-30B2 BRENUS MBT. Contrary to the Soviet and French systems however, there is no need to point in the direction of the incoming threat however. Instead, the system is fully automatic and constantly surveys the 360 degrees of the vehicle’s surroundings.

MUSS will jam SACLOS missiles including wire-guidance: <div style="column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3">

* [[3M7]] ([[IT-1]])
* [[9M17M Falanga]] ([[Mi-4AV]]/[[Mi-24A]])
* [[9M17P Falanga-PV]] ([[Mi-24D (USSR)|Mi-24D]])
* 9M112 ([[T-64B]] / [[T-80B]])
* [[9M113 Konkurs|9M113]] ([[BMP-1]]/[[SPz BMP-1]]/[[BMP-2]])
* [[9M114 Shturm]] ([[Shturm-S]]/Russian Helicopters)
* 9M117 ([[T-55AM-1]]/[[T-62M-1]]/[[BMP-3]])
* 9M119 ([[T-72B]]/[[T-72B (1989)]]/[[T-80U]])
* [[9M120 Ataka]] ([[Mi-35M]]/[[Mi-28N]]/[[Ka-52]])
* [[9M311]] ([[ZPRK 2S6]])
* [[BGM-71A TOW]]
* [[BGM-71B TOW]]
* [[BGM-71C I-TOW]]
* [[AS.11]]
* [[HOT-1]]
* [[HOT-2 TOW]]
* [[HOT-3]] ([[EC-665 Tiger HAD]]/[[EC-665 Tiger HAP]]/[[EC-665 Tiger UHT]])
* MGM-51B ([[M551 Sheridan|M551]]/[[M60A2]])
* MGM-51C ([[XM-803]]/[[MBT-70]]/[[KPz-70]])
* [[Swingfire]] ([[Swingfire]]/[[Striker]])
* [[MILAN]] ([[Marder A1-]]/[[Ratel 20]]/[[Warrior]])
* [[HJ-73E]] ([[ZBD86]])
* [[Type 79]] ([[Type 89]])
* [[Roland]] ([[FlaRakPz 1]]/[[Roland 1]]/[[FlaRakRad]])
* [[VT1]] ([[FlaRakRad]]/[[ItO 90M]])
* ACRA ([[AMX-30 ACRA]])
* [[Rbs 55]] ([[UDES 33]]/[[Pvrbv 551]])
* [[Rbs 56]] ([[Strf 9040 BILL]])</div>

Laser guided missiles (AGM-114 Hellfire, MIM146 ADATS, etc) will not be jammed by EIREL. In order to let the APS work, it must be turned on with a key in the control section. The APS can be destroyed.

MUSS can be used while on the move. While on the move (specially horizontally), the jammed ATGM will move in an uncontrolled direction like normal jamming but riskier, keep this in mind as it can hit a track, engine deck or close enough to create fragmentation and spot the Puma and/or friendlies. When moving forward to an enemy who fired an ATGM, it will be affected by the APS but due to the momentum, the ATGM can hit the Puma if the ATGM is redirected towards the ground. MUSS creates a thermal signature which can be seen with thermal sights. It also can also be used as an IR spotlight. It should be noted that this can be a disadvantage when in night maps as tanks with NVD (except when tanks are using thermal view) will be able to see the light beam. The APS should be turned on and off at commander's discretion. When on day maps, this will not be an issue. MUSS must have a clear line-of-sight with the enemy launcher (at least enemy sights must be able to see the tank). Tanks firing behind cover like the Swingfire can also be affected by the APS. As long as the enemy is within the jamming arc, the Puma will be protected against SACLOS ATGMs. It should be noted that the Puma has access to Laser Warning Receiver (LWR), so the player does not need to rely on visual contact with the ATGM and the launcher. Thankfully, the thermal sights will be capable of detecting the fireball created by the ATGMs at certain distances.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 15 mm (76°) || 15 mm ''Top'' 10 mm ''Bottom'' || 15 mm || 15 mm
|-
| Turret || 25 mm ''Turret front'' 10 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 25 mm || 25 mm || 10 - 25 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|MK 30-2/ABM (30 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[MK 30-2/ABM (30 mm)|30 mm MK 30-2/ABM]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 400 (100) || rowspan="2" | 200 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+45° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T*|High-explosive incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T*|High-explosive incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''MK266:''' {{Annotation|HEI-T*|High-explosive incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''PMC308:''' {{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer}}
* '''PMC287:''' {{Annotation|APFSDS|Armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default ||87||86||81||75||70||65
|-
| MK266 ||3||3||3||3||3||3
|-
| PMC308 ||47||44||36||28||22||17
|-
| PMC287 ||121||119||111||97||93||83
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Belt details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| MK266 || HEI-T* || ___ || _.__ || __ || _._ || ___ || __° || __° || __°
|-
| PMC308 || HEI-T || ___ || _.__ || __ || _._ || ___ || __° || __° || __°
|-
| PMC287 || APFSDS || ___ || _.__ || __ || _._ || ___ || __° || __° || __°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''4''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG4 (5.56 mm)}}

''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG4 (5.56 mm)|5.56 mm MG4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7604-development-puma-a-muss-have-en|[Devblog] PUMA: A "MUSS" Have]]

{{Germany light tanks}}

Helicopters

2022-03-22T20:37:54Z

U126388871: minor language inaccuracies

{{Notice
|Helicopters become available for research and purchase only with the ownership of at least one Rank 5 ground or aviation vehicle of the corresponding nation
}}

{| class="wt-class-table" cellpadding="10px"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<div>[[File:USA flag.png|130px|link=Category:USA helicopters]][[:Category:USA helicopters|USA]]</div>
<div>[[File:Germany flag.png|130px|link=Category:Germany helicopters]][[:Category:Germany helicopters|Germany]]</div>
<div>[[File:USSR flag.png|130px|link=Category:USSR helicopters]][[:Category:USSR helicopters|USSR]]</div>
<div>[[File:Britain flag.png|130px|link=Category:Britain helicopters]][[:Category:Britain helicopters|Great Britain]]</div>
<div>[[File:Japan flag.png|130px|link=Category:Japan helicopters]][[:Category:Japan helicopters|Japan]]</div>
<div>[[File:Italy flag.png|130px|link=Category:Italy helicopters]][[:Category:Italy helicopters|Italy]]</div>
<div>[[File:France flag.png|130px|link=Category:France helicopters]][[:Category:France helicopters|France]]</div>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<div>[[File:Fifth rank icon.png|link=Category:Fifth rank helicopters]][[:Category:Fifth rank helicopters|Fifth rank]]</div>
<div>[[File:Sixth rank icon.png|link=Category:Sixth rank helicopters]][[:Category:Sixth rank helicopters|Sixth rank]]</div>
<div>[[File:Seventh rank icon.png|link=Category:Seventh rank helicopters]][[:Category:Seventh rank helicopters|Seventh rank]]</div>
|}

{| class="wt-ul-container" width="100%" rules="rows" cellpadding="5px"
|- style="text-align:left;"
! width="33%" | Historical articles !! width="33%" | Game mechanics !! width="33%" | Vehicles categories
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |

| style="vertical-align:top;" |
* [[:Category:Suspended armaments|Suspended armaments]]
* [[Air-to-air missiles]]
* [[:Category:Countermeasures|Countermeasures]]
* [[Airborne Radars]]
* [[Night Vision Devices]]
* [[Weapons selector]]

| style="vertical-align:top;" |
[[:Category:Premium helicopters|Premium helicopters]] {{-}} [[:Category:Gift helicopters|Bundle & Gift helicopters]]

[[:Category:Attack helicopters|Attack helicopters]] {{-}} [[:Category:Utility helicopters|Utility helicopters]]
|}

[[Category:Aviation]]
[[Category:Helicopters]]
[[ru:Вертолёты]]

2S6

2022-03-15T07:50:40Z

U126388871: grammars

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_zprk_2s6
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_ZPRK_2S6.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet self-propelled anti-aircraft gun {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 9 mm || 9 mm ''Top'' 9 mm ''Bottom'' || 9 mm || 9 mm
|-
| Turret || 9 - 15 mm ''Turret front'' 10 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 9 - 8 mm || 9 mm || 9 mm
|-
| Cupola || 9 mm || 9 mm || 9 mm || 9 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


The ZPRK 2S6 armour consists of 9 mm rolled homogeneous plates for the hull and turret. Although mostly flat surfaces, its armour can be angled to provide an average of 30mm of effective thickness which can protect against .50 cal machine guns in most places of the hull. The turret is extremely vulnerable to all types of fire at any angle.

The crew consists of a commander, gunner, loader, and driver. Three out of the four crew members are situated in the turret sitting right next to each other. This makes the ZPRK 2S6 extremely prone to destroyed by "crew knocked out" if hit in the turret.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,008|rbMinHp=628}}

The {{PAGENAME}} provides good mobility with its 710 horsepower ChTZ V-46-2s1 engine allowing for a max speed of 65 km/h in ideal conditions. Under realistic testing conditions it tops around 37 km/h in flat grassy areas. This is the same with its reverse speed.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The module 2S6M1 unlockable after the module NVD will switch NVD in the gun sight with Thermal gun sight, this makes it better to be able to spot enemy aircraft at longer ranges.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|2A38 (30 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[2A38 (30 mm)|30 mm 2A38]] (x4) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 1,936 (484) || rowspan="2" | 1,250 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 70.4 || 97.5 || 118.4 || 130.9 || 139.3 || rowspan="2" | 5.20 || rowspan="2" | 4.60 || rowspan="2" | 4.24 || rowspan="2" | 4.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 47.6 || 56.0 || 68.0 || 75.2 || 80.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''30 mm HE:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-T*|High-explosive fragmentation tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''30 mm APT:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || 65 || 63 || 54 || 44 || 36 || 30
|-
| 30 mm HE || 65 || 63 || 54 || 44 || 36 || 30
|-
| 30 mm APT || 65 || 63 || 54 || 44 || 36 || 30
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''1''' || 0 ''(+1)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|9M311|9M311-1M}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[9M311]] or [[9M311-1M]] missile
|-
! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
|-
| 8 || 0°/+85° || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| 9M311 || SAM || 39 || 39 || 39 || 39 || 39 || 39
|-
| 9M311-1M || SAM || 39 || 39 || 39 || 39 || 39 || 39
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Range (m)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 9M311 || SAM || 910 || 8,000 || 42 || 0 || 0.1 || 4,620 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 9M311-1M || SAM || 910 || 10,000 || 42 || 0 || 0.1 || 4,620 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''8''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Radars ===
{{main|1RL144}}
The ZPRK 2S6 Tunguska is equipped with a [[1RL144]] search and separate tracking radar; with the search radar mounted on top of the turret at the rear and the tracking radar located at the front of the the turret. The radar system is capable of tracking a target while scanning, but can only track targets within a 180° arc from the front of the turret.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="5" | [[1RL144]] - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Detection Range|The range, below which, a target cannot be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum relative speed|The minimum speed a target must be moving, relative to the radar, in order to be detectable by the radar}}
|-
| 20,000 m || 500 m || 360° || ??? || 10 m/s (36 km/h)
|-
! colspan="5" | [[1RL144]] - Target Tracking Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum target speed|The minimum speed a target must be moving, relative to the radar, in order to be tracked by the radar}}
|-
| 16,000 m || 75 m || ±90° || -15°/+87° || 15 m/s (54 km/h)
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The ZPRK 2S6 Tunguska can excel in many different ways. Traditionally it can take down aircraft with ease no matter how far or how close they may be with its excellent combined power of the very fast firing quad 30mm autocannons and the highly agile SAMs it has in its disposal. The SAMs are very fast and extremely agile, with the assistance of tracking and enough experience they can be almost virtually impossible to evade, even by the fastest and most agile aircraft. Each of the eight missiles is mounted on its own launch tube, which means you can launch one after the other without waiting for another one to reload, such as in systems like the Roland 1 and FlaRakRad. They also have a long range of 8 km stock, and 10 km with the 2S6M1 modification installed, which is enough to hit any helicopters hovering at the edge of their Air-to-Ground missile ranges. However, some vehicles can prove very challenging to take down, particularly those equipped with radar warning and missile alert systems, as they can quickly take evasive actions or hide behind terrain to prevent them from being hit.

If needed, the Tunguska can be an excellent flanking or support vehicle by ripping apart enemy gun barrels or tracks which would disable them for your allies to finish off. Of course with the AP-T belt, the Tunguska can rip apart enemy tanks/MBTs from the side or rear with relatively good shrapnel (for a 30mm) and range (as it is an AP-T belt). This makes the Tunguska very versatile in combat despite being labelled as an SPAAG. However, it's best to keep in mind that you have very little armour and you are a relatively large target which means you are very fragile in direct combat/brawls especially with artillery around you. So being careful and selective of how you should play during a specific time is essential.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent armament - a pair of very strong and rapidly firing dual 30 mm guns, as well as a whopping eight surface-to-air missiles (SAM)
* Absurdly high elevation and traverse speeds
* Fast and agile SAMs allow for hitting targets moving at an extreme angle and speed
* Fantastic radar - both the coverage and its update speed are among the best in the game
* Can easily disable or destroy light tanks, even MBTs can be knocked out at short or medium ranges by hitting its sides or frontal weak spots
* Fantastic reverse speed, allowing peeking out for a burst then reversing into cover
* Hydropneumatic suspension system, the suspension clearance is able to be increased and decreased to help take cover (if the keys are bound)
* Neutral steering, which is rather uncommon in Soviet vehicles
* High resolution thermal imaging (part of the 2S6M1 modification), allowing for easier spotting of both aircraft and tanks
* Both radar and optical tracking, can be switched from one to another at any time depending on which is best in the situation.

'''Cons:'''

* Virtually no armour - not getting hit is of utmost importance
* High profile, as well as a very visible radar dish when it's spinning
* Very recognizable firing sound, an enormous streak of tracers even with the shortest of bursts, and a large plume of smoke for each launcher missile draws attention
* Poor crew placement, a single shot may very well incapacitate most of, if not all, of your crew
* Low ammo count, using the cannons liberally is not recommended
* Very bright tracers will easily reveal your location to enemies

== History ==

Although the ZSU-23-4 Shilka had successfully proven its capabilities in the numerous conflicts it took part in, its shortcomings were ever increasingly coming to light as well. While faster and more capable aircraft and helicopters were being developed, the Shilka was quickly becoming obsolete, with its very short engagement range and radar detection limiting its AA capabilities greatly.

Thus, in 1970, Soviet engineers began developing a replacement for the venerable Shilka. The new vehicle, codenamed "Tunguska", was designed with a pair of 30mm autocannons coupled to advanced tracking and targeting systems. In addition, the decision was made to also install surface-to-air guided missiles, as the targeting systems for both cannons and missiles turned out to be conveniently very similar, and was expected to greatly bolster the capabilities of the Tunguska.

By 1973, the Tunguska was considered ready. In the mid '70s, however, with the introduction of a Soviet mobile missile-only AA unit, which performed a similar role as the Tunguska, further development and production of the Tunguska was put in question. In the end, realizing the greater flexibility and potential of the Tunguska design, further development and production was approved.

A pre-production batch left the factory floor in 1976 for army trials. After a long series of tests, the Tunguska was officially commissioned into service with the Soviet Army in September 1982. The vehicle was continuously being improved upon, with subsequent newer variants being developed during the 1990s and 2000s.

The Tunguska served initially with the Soviet armed forces, although it was passed on to the militaries of the Soviet Union's successor states after its collapse in the late 1980s. Thus, modernized versions of the Tunguska continue to serve with the Russian armed forces today as well as the armies of Belarus and Ukraine. The Tunguska also sees service with other nations around the world, such as Yemen, India, Morocco and some others.

''- From [[wt:en/news/6070-development-2s6-tunguska-better-together-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_zprk_2s6 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|luvhoX8Ht1I|'''New anti-air defence''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 8:42 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6070-development-2s6-tunguska-better-together-en|[Devblog] 2S6 Tunguska: Better Together]]

{{USSR anti-aircraft vehicles}}