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Bf 109 K-4

2023-08-06T23:51:38Z

U12423867: This article was originally machine-translated from Russian(?), I guess. Spent an unjustifiable time fixing the most glaring grammar and wording mistakes and logical inconsistencies. Dicts used: Cambridge and Merriam-Webster. Tried to adhere to CMOS.

{{About
| about = German fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Bf 109 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=bf-109k-4
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27. The Kurfürst is the pinnacle of the famed [[Bf 109 (Family)|109 series]]. "Kurfürst," representing the letter "K" in the Wehrmacht phonetic alphabet, translates to "prince-elector", a reference to the Electors of the Holy Roman Empire. The K-4's frame is the last iteration and was focused on ease of production rather than performance, yet it features the best power to weight ratio and acceleration of any 109, turning this machine into a beast. However, the age of the design is reflected in its poor high-speed characteristics.

[[File:Bf109 K-4 billythekid 001.png|350px|thumb|left|]]

Use the plane's outstanding climb rate and speed retention. Boom and zoom tactics should be this plane's primary mode of fighting. It has good acceleration when using WEP. This grants the machine reasonable diving and climbing abilities. If chased, dodge away from the enemy with fancy manoeuvres without losing too much speed. In Realistic Battles, try to do a climbing spiral, but be sure to be in a higher energy state than the enemy! A miscalculation and the foe will have the opportunity for an easy deflection shot.

However, there are also downsides. The top speed can be reached quickly, yet the plane is not fast when stock. While it does have an edge in agility, it has bad low-speed manoeuvrability. Furthermore, foes will not usually engage in manoeuvring combat, rendering any manoeuvrability advantage moot.

The K-4 can outmanoeuvre these planes at medium speeds (<450 km/h IAS): [[P-51]] (all types), [[P-47D-28|P-47D]], [[Typhoon_Mk_Ib/L|Typhoons]] and the [[La-9]]. However, it will have a hard time dealing with other late Rank IV aircraft, especially Spitfires. It is highly recommended to use rudder during rolls, as this increases the roll rate dramatically. This is useful if when trying to force an overshoot or when avoiding shots.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

[[File:Bf109 K-4 call me hyper 001.jpg|300px|thumb|right|]]
For the pilots who flew the Bf 109, it could be a brutal aircraft, with a cramped cockpit and poorly located controls and levers, the pilot could get a serious workout during a dogfight, but don't think this aircraft is not worth the time as a majority of Germany's top aces flew Bf 109s. The {{PAGENAME}} was the final iteration of the aircraft, there really wasn't much more which could have been designed into it to take it any further. In comparison to the early versions which saw combat in the Spanish Civil War, the K-4 was over 300 km/h faster at 2,000 m higher than the Bf 109A. The aircraft morphed from a two-bladed wooden propeller to a three-bladed metal propeller with 20 mm or 30 mm autocannons and 13 mm heavy machine guns over two paltry 7 mm machine guns.

The {{PAGENAME}} is meant to dance in the sky with its quick speed, fast rate of climb and excellent energy retention, it can be used to Boom & Zoom in the vertical, unlike many other aircraft which require wide swaths of space to make their attack runs and retreats. The manoeuvrability of the aircraft allows it to make tight turns or quick evasive manoeuvres, especially those which cause a faster and heavier enemy to overshoot and then become the target themselves. To truly compete as a dogfighter and to milk every last bit of speed and manoeuvrability out of the aircraft, the pilot will want to fly it in the clean configuration without the 20 mm gun pods. The gun pods add weight, but for this aircraft, in the worst possible location with one hooked up under each wing, messing with the aircraft's centre of gravity and hampering the manoeuvrability of the aircraft. While it can still fly and fight, the gun pods will make dogfighting a bigger challenge, however, expert pilots may be able to negate some of those factors through sheer skill and luck.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed<br>(km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 685 || 665 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.3 || 21.1 || 18.0 || 18.0 || rowspan="2" | 333
|-
! Upgraded
| 759 || 720 || 18.3 || 19.0 || 32.2 || 23.8
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 437 || 408 || 260 || ~13 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 450 || < 390 || < 450 || > 715
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Compressor
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
! Setting 1
| 6,900 m || 1,250 hp || 1,775 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 60 mm bulletproof glass in front and rear of the pilot
* Fuel tank with 21 mm steel plate behind it, and 4 mm plates surrounding it
* Pilot's seat has 4 mm steel plates underneath, with 8 mm steel making up the backrest
* 10 mm steel plates surrounding rear bulletproof glass
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150px">
File:BF 109 K-4 All armor.png|All the armour plates on the 109 K-4.
File:Fuel tank 109 K4.png|Picture of the giant fuel tank the pilot is sitting on (self-sealing).
File:Steel 21.png|Seat armour plates of the K-4.
</gallery>

Willy Messerschmitt's design of the Bf 109 is known for its very lightweight construction, eliminating any unnecessary devices, parts, and even structural spars to allow for the fastest that this fighter could be and still be a strong fighter. Part of this challenge was ensuring there was enough protection for the pilot and certain critical components without overburdening the aircraft and making it sluggish with the addition of too much armour. For this aircraft, it makes sense that all the armour is centred around the pilot as this serves two purposes, aiding in the protection of the pilot and two, protecting the fuel tank which the pilot literally sits on top of.

The pilot's protection from the front comes mainly from the 60 mm bulletproof glass windscreen, headrest and various plates of armour between 4 and 10 mm in thickness which makes up the seat and headrest. These plates aid in protecting the pilot from both frontal attacks generally associated from attacking bombers with defensive positions, and also from the rear when being chased by an enemy fighter. Though the fuel tank is self-sealing when it has been shot, 4 mm and 20 mm steel plating also surrounds the tank as the first line of defence against enemy machine gun rounds, however, incoming 20 mm rounds may not have any problems getting through.

When attacking a {{PAGENAME}}, unless you can aim autocannon shots to blow off a wing, the best bet will be to aim for the fuselage starting from right behind the pilot all the way to the propeller. Hitting within this range allows you to hit one of the vital components of the aircraft including the fuel tank, the pilot, any of the coolers or the engine itself. The most successful attacks will happen from underneath the aircraft or from the sides, where there is no armour protection. If, however, you find yourself tailing a {{PAGENAME}}, use short bursts to spook the pilot into manoeuvring where they end up exposing the large surface areas of the aircraft and then unload where the rounds will have less chance to ricochet and more chances of taking out this aircraft.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The true acceleration power of the plane is only achieved very late into the grind. Specifically, the Tier 4 Engine injection modification provides a significant boost and is a top priority. On the way there, all engine upgrades should be taken. 13 mm belts are helpful for removing tracer rounds. The 20 mm gun pods with belts and the gun upgrade are viable choices, but engine injection remains a priority.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|MK 108 (30 mm)|MG 151 (20 mm)|MG 131 (13 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 30 mm MK 108 cannon, nose-mounted (65 rpg) + 2 x 13 mm MG 131 machine guns, nose-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)
** 1 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon, nose-mounted (200 rpg) + 2 x 13 mm MG 131 machine guns, nose-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)

Typical for Bf 109s was having a Motorkanone mounted to shoot through the propeller hub. Usually, these aircraft were outfitted with a 20 mm autocannon, which pilots of earlier 109s will have already had experience with, however, the {{PAGENAME}} provides the pilot with the option to choose their Motorkanone of choice, either a 20 mm MG 151 or a 30 mm MK 108. In real life, the 30 mm autocannon tended to jam during combat and can do the same in-game, until that is the module is upgraded and jamming frequency will lessen. For the most part, the difference between the 20 and 30 mm autocannons is power vs. ammunition count.
[[File:Bf109 K-4 bomberpilot1784.png|400px|thumb|right|]]
The 30 mm round is a slow but deadly round and when fired at close range it can have devastating results on its target. A large disadvantage due to its size and weight, it also only carries 65 rounds, which makes it necessary for the pilot to exercise trigger control and only fire when they are sure the rounds will hit. On the other hand, the 20 mm, though powerful in their own right, will not have the same heavy-hitting power as the 30 mm rounds, however, the {{PAGENAME}} can carry 200 of these rounds which travel faster and can be fired more rapidly. Typically, if the {{PAGENAME}} pilot is going to play the role of a bomber interceptor, the 30 mm round will be the most effective, however, when used as to intercept fighters and attackers, the 20 mm Motorkanone will probably be the best bet.

Regardless of the choice of cannons, the pilot will also have access to two 13 mm heavy machine guns, which are mounted on the top of the fuselage engine cowling. Having 300 rounds per gun will allow the pilot to continue to spew out damage even when the autocannons have run dry. Another option is to separate the firing control for the autocannons and the 13mms and instead track and fire enemy targets with the machine guns, utilise them as range finders and when the pilot sees they have a good firing solution, they can then employ the autocannons, thereby saving valuable ammunition and ensuring there is enough when it is needed.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|MG 151 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon gun pods (wing-mounted) (135 rpg = 270 total)

There are a few aircraft which are featured in War Thunder, which become monster planes when they utilise gun pods to increase their firepower. The {{PAGENAME}} is no exception, especially considering that each pod contains a single 20 mm MG 151 autocannon, each of which holds 135 rounds of ammunition. Attacking enemy aircraft with three autocannons and two machine guns can cause devastating results, however, since the additional guns are wing‑mounted, the pilot will need to calculate for convergence so as not to waste ammunition. While the fuselage weapons fire on the line of sight, the underwing cannons will need additional adjustment to converge at the correct point. A convergence set too far may mean a number of the rounds will easily miss the enemy aircraft, while setting the convergence zone too close will do the same.

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Cockpit_Bf109k4.jpg|thumbnail|right|The Bf 109 K-4's instrument panel.]]

The MK 108 is a double-edged sword: nicknamed by the allies for its characteristic sound, the Jackhammer lives true to its name: It is slow but powerful, with its main purpose being the demolition of heavy objects, such as the [[B-17G-60-VE|B-17G Flying Fortress]]. However, its common purpose in War Thunder remains to hunt fighter planes. The cannon's rate of fire is surprisingly high for its calibre with 660 rpm, meaning that, while deflection shots can be made, absolute trigger discipline must be maintained, since the 65 rounds will last you less than 6 seconds of continuous fire. Furthermore, the Minengeschoß shells are very slow. One must either become very good at leading the shells or close the distance. Kills are generally done from 300 m away, if not closer. On the plus side, the damage is equivalent to most 37 mm cannons upon hitting. Tip: In order to better learn and understand the cannon's trajectory, do not fire in conjunction with the machine guns.

The two additional machine guns are best fired alone. The MG 131 features HE shells (named IAI in-game, meaning Immediate Action Incendiary) as the Tracer belt. Yet, they are only highly effective in Simulator battles, where they will deal good damage to control surface areas, causing inexperienced pilots to lose control. In Arcade and Realistic battles, however, the instructor will dampen any such effects. Here, the damage-based Stealth and Fighter belts fare better.

The plane should equip one of two load-outs: with either the single 30 mm cannon or two 20 mm cannons. The single 30 mm is very capable of taking out two to three bombers, and the low muzzle velocity matters less due to the size of the targets. Starting the battle with three 20 mm cannons makes the plane very capable of taking out fighters due to the high shell density and sheer damage output. A single 20 mm does not deal enough damage, and the 30 mm with gun pods is rather ineffective due to the differing muzzle velocities of the 30 mm and 20 mm cannons.

One method that can be utilised is the prop pitch technique. Most of the later 109s have this, but it is really effective in the 109 K-4. This technique is using Manual Engine Control (found in sim controls) to set your prop pitch to 100% but throttle to 0%. This will turn your propeller into a giant air brake and is very helpful in forcing overshoots of the enemy aircraft. It can also be very helpful in diving, where you might get dangerously close to your rip speed.

=== Effective Strategies ===

When using the K-4, make sure to always have an altitude advantage. If any enemy is approaching at a higher altitude and/or energy state, the best bet is to dive away. This will usually work, as the enemy will probably lose interest, or be shredded apart in the dive process. Once the plane reaches 450 mph (ca. 724 km/h), hit the brakes and start slowing down so as to not rip the {{PAGENAME}} apart. To retain energy, level off while diving occasionally.

When the {{PAGENAME}} is at a higher altitude, smart enemy pilots will try to steer clear. This can be easily countered with a quick boom-and-zoom. The 30 mm cannon will take care of anything it hits, even bombers. The 30 mm cannon is practically useless in head-ons, however, so don't ever get into one. Use the {{PAGENAME}}'s superior turn rate and energy retention to get the enemy into the crosshairs. Fire away at close distances!

The K-4 performs exceptionally well against certain enemy planes. A pilot should remain vigilant for targets that are currently engaged in or have recently concluded a dogfight, as they may have depleted energy levels. Employing the element of surprise can prove highly effective in such situations. Engaging bombers is a viable option, but pilots should employ strategies that mitigate the threat posed by their defensive gunners.

Enemies worth noting:

* [[F2G-1]]: Despite being a naval plane that's designed for carrier operations, it will always outperform the K-4 at any altitude. The most viable tactic is to ambush one that is engaged. Deflection shooting and accurate shot placement are required, or else the F2G will climb away and loop behind the K-4. Employing the MK 108 helps to ensure that the enemy is destroyed, since this plane can take a ridiculous amount of damage. Lastly, having a teammate to coordinate with can vastly raise the chances of survival.
* [[P-51 (Family)|P-51s]]: They will always try to boom-and-zoom the {{PAGENAME}}. Be on constant lookout for enemies coming from behind. If one is chasing and can catch up, pretend to not notice them. When they start shooting, duck and do a loop towards the ground to gain energy. The P-51 will have a lot of speed when it tries to attack, and fortunately, will have its controls locked up. The P-51 will also bleed far too much speed trying to catch up. Head into a 20-degree climb with WEP and then attack them from above.
* [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfires]]: They are very tough to deal with, and will always out-turn the {{PAGENAME}}, with engagements ending with the Spitfire firing from behind. Spitfires should be attacked alongside two teammates at once. Make sure that the Spitfire gets overwhelmed, then attack the spitfire from behind. Retain enough energy so the {{PAGENAME}} can climb back up to safety if the Spitfire ends up manoeuvring to the plane's rear. When a Spitfire is on the {{PAGENAME}}'s 6, dive. The Spitfire has a lot of drag with its oddly shaped wings and will not be able to keep up.
* [[Template:USA bombers|American bombers]]: While other nation's bombers have varying threat levels, all American bombers are bursting with .50 cal machine guns at almost every angle. This is especially the case for the B-17 Flying Fortress and the B-29 Superfortress. As such, the to attack a bomber with numerous defensive armaments, the K-4 pilot should:

# Fly above the bomber at distances where they cannot shoot at the the plane.
# Make sure the {{PAGENAME}} is approaching at a faster speed than the bomber.
# Fly directly above the bomber and descend on it.
# Approach the bomber as fast as possible, and shoot at it when close enough.
# Turn away, and level out to keep speed, regardless if the target is destroyed. Re-climb and re-start as needed.

===Simulator mode tips===
In Simulator, the Bf 109 K is a capable fighter that can perform many tasks. It offers great flight performance with its smooth handling, fast speed, and impressive climb rate. Its nose-mounted armaments do not require any convergence setting, making it very easy to aim. The nose gently slopes down from the windscreen, offering great over-the-nose vision. There are also a few bomb options to choose from, which are beneficial for ground-pounding or base-bombing, although these are not its primary objectives. The K model has an improved canopy side with fewer frames, and the non-transparent armour headset is replaced by a clear bulletproof glass, allowing some rear views. The metal framing around the glass is also thinner than that of the G models, giving you a better field of view on the tail. Finally, an aspect that is often ignored is that, starting from the G-6 model, the rectangular reflector glass of the gun-sight is replaced by a bigger trapezium glass. It is vertically longer, allowing the pilot to move its head up more and still see the reticle, thus getting even better views over the engine.

Before Take Off:

Bring at least 30 minutes of fuel for prolonged patrolling and fighting. The convergence does not really matter, it might be anywhere between 250-600 m. Taking off in a late Bf 109 is harder than in other aircraft, so one should familiarise themselves with the earlier 109s. When taking off, the Bf 109 will shift severely to the left side due to the considerable torque, so consider setting keybinds for left and right brakes, as they are more effective at directional control than the rudder while on the ground. As the plane just lifts off the ground it will automatically roll to the left again due to the torque, so you must immediately roll a little right to keep it level, or the left wing tip will strike the ground.

;<nowiki>Fighting in the air:</nowiki>

* Dogfighting in SB involves everyday RB tactics and manoeuvres such as the Immelmann, Split-S, scissor, barrel roll, etc. The Bf 109 K handles very sluggishly on the roll axis at low speed, so take this into account if dogfighting at low speed/altitude. You can even pull the elevator fully for maximum agility, but only if you pull gently and gradually will the Bf 109 K manoeuvre as you wish. If the stick is pulled harshly and suddenly, the plane will start swaying around and enter a flat spin. The aircraft can quite easily recover from a flat spin by fully deflecting the elevators downward and moving the rudder to the opposite side of which the plane is spinning; then wait until it starts a dive and gather some speed to pull up.
* If you want to engage bombers, consider bringing gun pods to maximise your damage output. Against late-war heavy bombers like the B-17 Flying Fortress, relying solely on the one central cannon might also work, but that requires more professional evading and longer aiming which is considerably more dangerous, as the bombers you see will be better armed. Choosing between the 30 mm and 20 mm gun pods is up to you. The extra two MK 108 will significantly boost your one-second burst mass and damage, which can be used to a very destructive effect for experienced pilots doing deflection shots, however the pathetic 35 rounds per gun will not last long in, for example, a "destroy enemy bombers" mission where there are ~10 aircraft to down. The pair of MG151 is more balanced in terms of ammo and velocity, although they do not pack as much punch in a short firing window. Still, with the powerful mine shells, one to three passes are enough to destroy any aircraft. In fact, gun pods can also be helpful in dogfights against certain fighters, as long as the performance of the enemy aircraft is inferior.

;<nowiki>Landing:</nowiki>

Landing may need practice for some. It is easy at first: decelerate and descent towards the runway, deploy combat, takeoff, landing flaps and gears in this order, fly at ~210 km/h before touchdown. Now note that you must align the plane with the airstrip correctly before touchdown and do not yaw to one side too much when braking, as the wheels are so close together that they cannot support such lateral force, causing the plane to wobble on its tyres dangerously or even tilt towards one side, striking a wing tip into the ground.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable<br>1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

[[File:Bf109 K-4 jonigustavo 001.png|thumb|right|300px|]]

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very powerful engine when using WEP, providing excellent acceleration and climb rate
* Manual engine control can extend the climb rate and top speed in realistic and simulator battles
* Good performance at medium altitude
* Good firepower for destroying larger attackers and bombers
* Can carry additional armament
* 30 mm cannon will usually destroy anything that it hits
* Can research a nose-mounted 20 mm MG 151 cannon, which makes deflection shooting much more reliable
* Exceptional high-speed manoeuvrability
* All weaponry mounted in the nose, allowing easy aiming without having to worry about convergence

'''Cons:'''

* Low cannon ammunition count for the 30 mm MK 108 cannon and the 13 mm MG 131 machine guns
* Low velocity 30 mm shell with a high drop, resulting in a gigantic lead angle on targets, in turn leading to poor dogfight performance due to having to pull extreme turns to get the guns on target
* Flimsy airframe, prone to react heavily to damage
* When the aircraft is stock, very heavy and slow to fly without WEP
* Stock 13 mm machine gun belts consist solely out of tracers which alerts the enemy, makes aiming the 30 mm difficult
* Fighters with lower top speeds but better low altitude performances (such as Russia's La-7 fighters) will find it quite easy to shoot down the K-4 when at a low‑energy state
* Very slow-deploying flaps
* For sim, the numerous canopy frames and razorback greatly limit the all-round view, and huge engine torque causes severe turning when taking off

== History ==

=== Design and development ===
Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) moved ahead at break-neck speeds to develop civilian aircraft which secretly doubled as military fighters and bombers, requiring only minor modifications for militarisation. Aircraft designated as transport and airline variants could easily be converted to bombers, and the initial Bf 109 was no different in its purposes. The birth of the Bf 109 started out as a requirement from Hermann Göring, ''Reichsminister'' of Aviation, proposed to the newly appointed Theo Croneiß of Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW, Bavarian Aircraft Works). The requirement was for a single-seat high‑speed courier plane, obviously, one which could be converted into a fighter when the time required. At the same time this requirement went out, the Reichsluftfahrtministerium's (RLM, Reich Aviation Ministry) Technisches Amt (C-AMT) or technical department was tasked with projecting aircraft requirements for potential future air combat and of the four main types determined to be essential, single-seat fighter requirements were published as L.A. 1432/33.
[[File:Bf109 K-4 wallysonbf 001.png|thumb|right|300px|]]
These fighter requirements were as follows:

* Top speed – 400 km/h (250 mph) at 6,000 m (19,690 ft) maintained for 20 minutes
* Total flight duration – 90 minutes
* Critical altitude of 4,000 m reached within 17 minutes
* Operational ceiling – 10,000 m (32,810 ft)
* Armed with 1 x 20 mm Motorkanone and two 7.92 mm machine guns
* Rated performance in the order of level speed, rate of climb and manoeuvrability

During the early years of BFW, Willy Messerschmitt designed the transport aircraft the BFW M.20, however due to several high-profile crashes of these transport aircraft, one of which included test pilot Hans Hackmack, a close friend of Erhard Milch (at the time, head of Luft Hansa and the German civil aviation authorities). With Erhard Milch, a lifelong hatred developed when Messerschmitt responded very callously to events about the crash. During this time, BFW went bankrupt and Messerschmitt went to work designing aircraft for a Romanian airline company. At the time requirements for L.A. 1432/33 were published, Messerschmitt was called back to Berlin and basically told his efforts were to be used for the Fatherland. Messerschmitt acquiesced and was given the specifications for the potential fighter, which after review, he proceeded to relate a very unfavourable opinion of the fighter as if built as described, the fighter would be literally obsolete as it rolled off the assembly line and unable to catch up to even medium bombers. After hearing the report and seeing the truth in Messerschmitt's words, the Technisches Amt awarded BFW the contract to build a fighter aircraft and Willy Messerschmitt was given free rein over the design of the aircraft.

Messerschmitt began design of the P.1034 (later known as Bf 109), and much like its older transport sibling the Bf 108, the new fighter was developed based on Messerschmitt's lightweight construction principle, the basis of which was to minimise the number of separate parts used, which would speed up construction and lead to ease of maintenance. For example, many of the main connection points for the airframe, engine frame and wings all had their connecting load points at the firewall. Another example was having the landing gear attached to the fuselage and not the wings, which allowed for removal of the wings without having to support the aircraft on jack-stands and also reduced the stress on the wing roots during takeoff and landing. One tell-tale sign of a Bf 109 is the landing gear slightly splayed outwards, this was to increase the stability of the aircraft while taxiing on the ground by providing a wider track, making it less prone to flipping over.

Forethought was put into the aircraft, especially for mechanics which would service the aircraft on the front-lines of battle. The entire engine cowling, weapon hatches, and other maintenance access panels could be removed, allowing the mechanics full access to service, repair and even replace critical parts on the aircraft with little difficulty. Pipe connections were colour-coded and electrical cabling plugged into junction boxes, this innovative design allowed for the swift replacement of old engines with new ones, a process that typically took only a matter of minutes. This level of efficiency and ease was unparalleled in most military aircraft of the time.

While a high-speed requirement would necessitate a small wing to decrease surface area, Messerschmitt knew this would require a more powerful engine to generate enough lift to maintain flight. The wings of the Bf 109 had several modifications which would compensate for these issues to include high-lift devices such as automatically opening leading edge slats and trailing edge flaps which had a large camber to allow for a significant increase in lift when deployed. To help increase the overall flap effectiveness, the ailerons would also "droop" to aid in the flap's work. The aircraft's weapons were all centrally located in the fuselage, with the large cannons mounted in the propeller hub and the machine guns located in the upper fuselage, leaving the wings to be very thin and light. This allowed for a significant increase in manoeuvrability.

Messerschmitt was ahead of his time, this was noted when the Bf 109 went to trials. Most experienced military pilots were seasoned World War I pilots who spent their time flying biplane fighters such as the He-51, aircraft with two sets of wings, an open cockpit, low wing loading and light g-forces, one look at the new Bf 109 produced sour reactions, especially from stunt and ace pilot Ernst Udet. At first, Udet had serious doubts about the Bf 109 and requested directly from Messerschmitt to remove the canopy to allow the pilot to judge the aircraft's speed through the air stream and to add a second wing with struts and wires; otherwise the aircraft was destined to fail as a fighter. Udet's initial test flight of the Bf 109 drastically changed his opinion of the revolutionary new fighter, forever altering how Germany designed and manufactured their fighters.

Throughout the years, the Bf 109 went through many iterations involving upgrades and fine-tuning. The last of the series was the Bf 109 K series, also known as Kurfürst. Unfortunately for this series, it was a compilation of model upgrades, modification kits and factory conversions which ultimately made both the production and maintenance of this aircraft a literal nightmare in both cost and complication with its maintenance. Due to problems with the series production and the late stage of the war when it entered, the K-4 model was the only version to be mass-produced. External changes included moving the radio equipment hatch, fuselage fuel tank filler point, the direction-finding loop and the addition of a retractable tail-wheel with clam-shell doors. Armament would include a 30 mm Motorkanone and two 13 mm machine guns with options to attach bombs or 20 mm cannon gun pods; however, the suspended armament was rarely utilised. Between November 1944 and March 1945, a total of 1,593 Bf 109 K-4 fighters were produced, one in four Bf 109s listed in front-line fighting units was a Bf 109 K-4. Unfortunately, at this point in the war, the Bf 109 K-4 had two things going against it, first was the appearance of jet fighters which nullified any advantages the K-4 had achieved and secondly, the hastily trained novice pilots at this point of the war could not exploit the K-4's advantages which would eventually come from experience.

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{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The Messerschmitt Bf 109 was a single-seat monoplane fighter used by the Luftwaffe before and during WWII. It was used as a fighter, interceptor, high-altitude interceptor, fighter-bomber and reconnaissance aircraft.

The Bf 109K "Kurfuerst" was the last mass-produced variant of the Bf 109 family. It first reached front-line units in September 1944 (or early 1945, according to other data). The fighter was powered by the Daimler-Benz DB 605 DCM engine and had more powerful armament, with some variants equipped with two 15 mm or three 30 mm cannon.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=bf-109k-4 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Bf109 K-4 speedsteer1944.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Bf109 K-4 *olfie- 001.jpg |thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
</ul></div>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|0I9fzmNuJyE|'''Enjoying The Beast - Bf 109 K-4''' - ''Napalmratte''|xMZo89CWWuA|'''Bf 109 K-4 Propeller Pitch Technique''' - ''JZA80 98' Supra''|Luxss9DRoZU|'''Bf 109 K-4 Vs Spitfires - Techniques and Strategies''' - ''Green Fury''|nYXB_a0RA40|'''War Thunder Realistic: Bf 109 K-4 [High-G Resistant]''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* North American [[P-51 (Family)|P-51]] Mustang
* Yakovlev [[Yak-9]]
* Kawasaki [[Ki-61 (Family)|Ki-61]]
* Fiat [[G.55 serie 1|G.55]]
* [[IAR-81C]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/100367-messerschmitt-bf-109-k-4/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [https://www.chuckhawks.com/messerschmitt_Bf109.htm <nowiki>[Chuck Hawks]</nowiki> The Best Fighter of its Generation (1935-1945): Messerschmitt Bf 109]
* [https://www.luftkrieg-ueber-europa.de/en/how-good-was-the-messerschmitt-bf-109/ <nowiki>[Luftkrieg über Europa]</nowiki> How good was the Messerschmitt Bf 109?]
* [http://kurfurst.org/ <nowiki>[Kurfürst]</nowiki> The Messerschmitt Bf 109 Performance Resource Site]

{{AirManufacturer BFW}}
{{Germany fighters}}

CCVL

2023-08-06T17:30:50Z

U12423867: Three very minor edits, kept AE spelling in proper nouns.

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_ccvl
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|market=id50197_ccvl_usa
}}

== Description ==

The '''Close Combat Vehicle Light (CCVL)''' was developed as part of the United States Army's Armored Gun System (AGS) competition in the 1990s to design a light tank to replace the M551 Sheridan and the TOW-equipped High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV; colloquially: Humvee) to equip new light divisions. It was the culmination of various development initiatives conducted in the 1970s to provide air-mobile light infantry squads with the firepower required for success on the battlefield. The three companies that were designed for the demand were Cadillac Gage Company, Teledyne Continental, and FMC Corporation. Cadillac Gage Company designed the Stingray light tank in the standard four-man configuration. The FMC Corporation designed the CCVL in a three-man configuration due to the installation of an autoloader. Teledyne Continental designed the Expeditionary Tank in an unusual two-man configuration, featuring an unmanned turret and autoloader. In 1992, the FMC design was chosen, readjusted, and renamed the M8 Armored Gun System. However, the entire AGS project was ultimately cancelled in the mid-1980s due to funds being withdrawn due to the Gramm-Rudman Act, and procurement of the M8 Armored Gun System terminated in 1997.

Introduced in [[Update "Drone Age"]] as a reward for the 2022 [[wt:en/news/7882-event-project-overpowered-en|Project "Overpowered"]] Event, the CCVL is equipped with a Rheinmetall modified 105 mm cannon M68A1 in a soft-recoil, autoloading main gun turret-mount, as well as a co-axial 7.62 mm M240 machine gun. The three-man crew configuration included the commander and gunner in the turret, as well as the driver in the front centre of the hull. The armour provides limited protection against heavy machine gun (HMG) fire and small artillery shrapnel. The CCVL, which is two-plane stabilized and equipped with a laser rangefinder (LR) and thermal imaging equipment for the gunner, provides outstanding firepower as well as exceptional mobility, fulfilling its historic intended duty as a light mobile gun that can be easily airdropped and deployed.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' <br> ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' <br> ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=891|rbMinHp=509}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M68A1 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M68A1 (105 mm)|105 mm M68A1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 43 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 40.0 || 55.3 || 67.2 || 74.3 || 79.1 || rowspan="2" | 5.00 || rowspan="2" | 5.00 || rowspan="2" | 5.00 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 25.0 || 29.4 || 35.7 || 39.5 || 42.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M68A1 (105 mm)/Ammunition|M456A2, M416, M393A2, M735, M833}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''43''' || 33 ''(+10)'' || 20 ''(+23)'' || 1 ''(+42)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modelled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Rack 3 is a first stage ammo rack. It totals 19 shells and gets filled first when loading up the tank.
* If you pack 20 ''(+23)'' shells or fewer, it will keep the front hull empty of ammo.
* Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1-2 into rack 3. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready racks.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|M240 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M240 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M240]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,600 (200) || 941 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Fairly quick, useful as a scout vehicle at higher BRs
* Can deploy a personal UAV
* Ammunition combined with a powerful main armament creates a deadly combination
* Much easier to aim due to two-plane stabilization

*

'''Cons:'''

* Lacking in armour protection, lightweight vehicle means less protection
* Can be picked off by sustained arms fire
* Transmission and engine can easily be knocked out
* Ammunition cooking is painfully common, especially when trying to rush a point

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_ccvl Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7877-development-project-po-light-tank-ccvl-en|[Devblog] Project "Overpowered": light tank CCVL]]

{{USA light tanks}}

Fw 190 A-1

2023-08-02T23:39:43Z

U12423867: Changed "Mk. II" to "A-2", added speed in metric units. Changed the subunit of "Gruppe II" from "6. squadron" to "6. Staffel". Correction of minor typos and grammar mistakes; if not obvious errors, main sources used: Cambridge Dictionary and Smithsonian.

{{About
| about = German fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Fw 190 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=fw-190a-1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage2_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.39]]. The Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Würger (Shrike) was a single-seat, single-engine monoplane fighter used by the Luftwaffe in WWII. One of the best fighters of the time, it was widely used during the Second World War. A total of over 20,000 were produced, including some 6,000 fighter-bomber variants. The 190 remained in production from 1941 until the end of the war, going through multiple redesigns. The Fw 190 made a name for itself as a true Luftwaffe workhorse and was used in a wide variety of roles, including a high-altitude interceptor (especially the [[Fw 190 D-9|Fw 190 D]]), escort fighter, [[Fw 190 F-8|fighter-bomber]] and night fighter.

The officially designated nickname "Würger" denotes a kind of carnivorous bird (a shrike), but can also be translated as choker, or strangler. In that regard fits the contemporary English designation well, too: "Butcher-bird".

The Fw 190A-1, as all the planes in this line, are some of the best Boom and Zoomers in the game and should be flown exclusively in this style. The performance at high speeds is excellent, as are their dive and zoom characteristics. Do not ever engage in a turnfight as a "furball" with superior turners such as the A6M2 will end badly. Instead, fight mainly in the vertical. Try to have an altitude, or speed, advantage over your opponents (by climbing to the side at the start of the battle and then enter the highest battle you see). It is still possible to subdue your opponent with the A-1 due to the fantastic roll rate of the "Würger".

Unlike the later 190 line ([[Fw 190 A-8|A-8]] and up), the A-1 through [[Fw 190 A-5|A-5]] all possess higher turn capabilities than the rest of the line. The A-1 can, in general, out turn less manoeuvrable planes such as the [[LaGG-3 (Family)|LaGG-3]]. Still, it is not recommended to get into turnfights, as the A-1 will be placed with many higher-manoeuvring fighters like the [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

Your control surfaces become noticeably less responsive at low speeds so keep up to speed.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed<br>(km/h at 5,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 629 || 615 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.3 || 22.1 || 10.9 || 10.9 || rowspan="2" | 450
|-
! Upgraded
| 676 || 652 || 19.2 || 20.2 || 17.9 || 14.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 700 || 310 || ~14 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 420 || < 300 || < 550 || > 320
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 468 m || 1,512 hp || 1,633 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,283 m || 1,468 hp || 1,585 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 57 mm Bulletproof glass in front of pilot.
* 8 & 12 mm Steel plates on pilot's seat.
* 3 & 5 mm Steel plates in front of oil cooling system.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

While the Focke-Wulf retains it dive abilities even without all upgrades, getting to a vantage point to utilize this strength can prove difficult. Therefore, unlocks in the category "flight performance" are a must, especially those which grant increased climb rate (e.g. "Engine", "Compressor"). New 20 mm belts are also a good choice, as the "Air targets" belt improves the damage significantly. "Stealth" belt for the 20 mm is also favourable due to the composition of the belt, consisting of 3/5 Minengeschoß, and the lack of tracers make aiming easier by not notifying your enemy of your shots, keeping them calm. The 20 mm cannon upgrade is hardly worth though, it tends to run out of ammo before it can overheat, but they can reduce cannon spread. Different story for the 7 mm LMGs, though. They should be a tertiary priority because of jamming and accuracy.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|MG FF/M (20 mm)|MG 17 (7.92 mm)}}

[[File:Weapon MG FF-M (20 mm) Fw 190 A-1.png|thumb|right|x145px|The 20 mm MG FF/M on the Fw 190 A-1 wings.]]

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm MG FF/M cannons, wing-mounted (90 rpg = 180 total)
* 2 x 7.92 mm MG 17 machine guns, nose-mounted (900 rpg = 1,800 total)
* 2 x 7.92 mm MG 17 machine guns, wing-mounted (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)

[[File:Weapon MG 17 (7.92 mm) Fw 190 A-1.png|thumb|right|x145px|The 7.92 mm MG 17 on the Fw 190 A-1 nose and wings.]]

Unlike the [[He 112 B-0]] with 2 x MG FF cannons, the Fw 190 has 2 x MG FF/M cannons, which are identical except for the re-engineered shells and barrel for the MG FF/M. The "M" variant has access to the deadly Minengeschoß shells (mine shells) that can wreak havoc on most planes at the rank. However, keep in mind the brutally low velocity of the MG FF/M shells. Fire when within 400 m of your quarry for best results.

The MG 17 LMGs are not effective against most planes. However, when equipped with Stealth belts these MGs can turn into powerful anti-ground destroyers. Armoured cars and AAA are great targets for the MGs.

Watch your ammo count: the Fw 190 A-1 has only 90 rounds per gun. The lower rate of fire on the 20 mm MG FF/M cannons can work in your favour, however.

== Usage in battles ==


When engaging enemy fighters, do it on your terms by climbing first to gain an altitude and energy advantage. Perform boom and zoom attacks by flying over your target, gaining speed by diving towards and taking them out before they can evade, but watch your speed and altitude as the Fw 190's elevators are quite unresponsive and take some time to get used to. You can then climb back quickly at a secure altitude before any opposition tries to catch up. In Arcade, you can go bomber hunting, as you are not limited by ammo count and the Minengeschoß will make short work of the bombers. Finally, you can also perform ground attack on soft targets. Remember to maintain speed when ground-pounding, as an enemy fighter can blow you out of the air if you have no energy.

When attacked, you can often just dive away from planes, such as [[Spitfire Mk IIb|Spitfires]] and [[La-5]]s, but you need to be at a decent altitude to gain top speed, so do not be too quick to dive after an enemy if they fly below your plane. Unless you are higher than everybody else, or alone. Just be sure then to have the time to regain the lost altitude. The Fw 190 A-1's superb roll rate also allows for going on a horizontal evasive manoeuvre, allowing to skew the aim of an enemy by rolling back and forth, either forcing them to waste ammo by overshooting or trying to get closer. In a dive, the Fw 190 can pull quite the stunts to either distance the hunter, or even make him lose his own wings.
[[File:ArtImage Fw 190 A-1.png|thumb|left|x200px|Fw 190 A-1 shot down a Spitfire]]

In ground RB, you will most likely not be flying this plane to hit ground targets, because of the lack of external armament. The cannons may be a bit effective against open-topped vehicles like most SPAAGs or some SPGs, but it can be effective at taking out other strike aircraft that could be dive-bombing your ally's tanks on the ground. In general, try to pick different air vehicles to go with your tanks in ground RB.

Sharp rolling scissors can be effective. This is a favourable strategy against [[La-5 (Family)|La-5]], [[Yak-9 (Family)|Yak-9]] & [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]] fighters who have, due their low wing loading (and partly wooden wings for the Soviets), less resistance against high G manoeuvres. Again, be sure to regain your energy by a zoom-climb. Just look out while doing so, many pilots die as they do not notice a second enemy aircraft approaching. German proverb:" Wenn Zwei sich streiten, freut sich der Dritte." ~ "When two quarrel, the third will reap the success." Of course, this could also be you.

;Specific enemies worth noting

When flying this plane, a common foe will be Spitfires due to the fact that they can climb higher than you and also outturn you by a significant margin. However, as they have weaker wings, a dive with rolls to change direction will allow you to evade them. Because of their weaker wings, if you can manage to hit a Spitfire with your 20 mm cannons, it will most likely lose its wing or engine.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Not controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Not controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable<br>2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Plenty of LMG ammo
* Great energy retention
** Great top speed & zoom-climbs
* Agile plane
** Great high-speed manoeuvrability
** Great roll rate
* Decent steady climb rate
* Excellent flaps
* Cannons are more than enough against all fighters with Air targets belts

'''Cons:'''

* Poor stall control
* Poor turn rate
* Elevator is not too responsive, takes time to get used to it
* Low ammo count for 20 mm cannons
* No external payload for use against ground forces
* MG FF/M cannons have a low damage output

== History ==


===Design===
The Focke-Wulf Fw 190 was a highly advanced aircraft for its time and was given the nickname 'Würger' (Shrike), it was nicknamed "The Butcher Bird" because of its killing ability. The aircraft had speed and durability as its main strengths. The aircraft was all metal with a stressed all-duralumin skin.

===Development===
The Fw 190 was conceived in 1937, the first prototype flew in June 1939. The undercarriage was wide-tracked, which gave the Fw 190 much greater stability compared to the Bf 109 and allowed it to take off and land on runways that other German fighters such as the Bf 109 found difficult. The first tests of the aircraft were in 1940 and few problems were discovered. Focke-Wulf completed 102 190 A-1s at the Bremen and Marienburg factories between June and October 1941. The previous A-0 was a production test run and saw no front-line fighting.

===Combat usage===
The A-1 series was the first of the Fw 190s to be used in active combat sorties. It first went into battle in the summer of 1941. The first combat model had a top speed of 624 km/h (388 mph) from its 1600 hp engine. The first record of combat was with Spitfires in June 1941 where the Fw 190 performed well, though the pilots complained of a lack of firepower. This criticism led to the A-2 version, which had two wing-mounted synchronised 20 mm cannons and two MG 17 guns. The A-2 version had a top speed of 615 km/h (382 mph). This armament and speed made it a match for the Mk V Spitfire that was in service then.

Over the channel and after the battle of Britain, the Luftwaffe faced harassment in the form of "Circus Operations".
Continuous attacks by daylight bombers ([[Blenheim Mk IV|Bristol Blenheim]]), heavily guarded by fighter squadrons flying [[Spitfire Mk Vb/trop|Spitfire V]]. These were not strategical, or even tactical assaults, but distractions, to keep German forces bound to the Western front, giving the Eastern front a little more freedom. They were however ineffective and required only little countermeasures.

The same tactics used by the British six months earlier were now adopted by the Germans.

One of these squadrons facing this flying circus was Jagdgeschwader 26 equipped with Bf 109 F-4 and the new Fw 190 A-1.

In July 1941, parts of JG26 were moved to Le Bourget. Here they were the first to be trained on the Focke-Wulf 190 A-1. Following August, the 6. Staffel of Gruppe II was equipped entirely with the new fighter, and until September, the entire group was refitted. Still [[Bf 109 F-4|Bf 109F-4]] remained in service with them and ultimately the Messerschmitt would stick as the unit's fighter type. They remained at the channel coast until the end of year. With 79 aerial victories, but only 24 total losses, the Fw 190 gained its first prestige.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fw-190a-1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|PIVWv96kKOI|'''How To Fly The {{PAGENAME}} - Tutorial And Gameplay''' - ''TheLoganatorz''|pNNDfnXOMSo|'''{{PAGENAME}} Defensive Techniques Tutorial I''' - ''Green Fury''|_xdMVz4-XP8|'''{{PAGENAME}} Defensive Techniques VS Spitfires Tutorial II''' - ''Green Fury''|Cco0ISu6nr8|'''{{PAGENAME}} - Death By Realism''' - ''Napalmratte'' Review starts at 03:16|vtCKzvbLfNg|'''The Shooting Range #18''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:03 discusses the Fw 190 A.}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Fw 190 (Family)]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[I-185 (M-82)]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.ru/index.php?/topic/92003-fw-190-a-1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance (Russian Forum)]
* [[wt:en/news/520--en|[Special] Flight of the "Butcher Bird"]]
* [[wikipedia:Focke-Wulf_Fw_190|[Wikipedia] Focke-Wulf Fw 190]]

{{AirManufacturer Focke-Wulf}}
{{Germany fighters}}

Talk:15 cm Pz.W.42

2023-08-02T22:19:00Z

U12423867: Answered Shimakaze

I made the change to "15-cm-Werfergranate" based on German Explosive Ordnances (TM 9-1985-3, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1953). Since I consider this source to be substandard as far as the German language is concerned, I would be grateful for German-language sources. --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 00:11, 29 July 2023 (UTC)

Did the research myself and only found "Wurfgranate" and "Wurfkörper" in German-language sources. --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 17:59, 29 July 2023 (UTC)

:Hi! We appreciate your interest in improving the accuracy of the wiki, but we can only reflect what is shown in the game. If you want to see any changes in the names or models of the shells/vehicles, you need to submit a bug report to the developers using this link: [https://community.gaijin.net/issues/p/warthunder Gaijin.net // Issues]. Thank you for your understanding and cooperation! --[[User:U17577377|Shimakaze]] ([[User talk:U17577377|talk]]) 00:42, 2 August 2023 (UTC)

::Hi Shimakaze,

::I sincerely thank you for your kind reply! As far as I know, only the abbreviation is used in-game; otherwise it would have been a mistake on my part already.
:: Also, I was able to confirm the use of "Wurfgranate" in official German-language documents, at least for MRLS-type Nebelwerfer.
:: I am not aware of any (enforced) rule on sourcing for this wiki, at least for in-game data, primary sources seem to be preferred. For German documents in particular, they are not very coherent (e.g. an official Heeresdruckverordnung uses the term "Panzerjägerkanone" for PaK). They are written in a very unusual terminology and script and are difficult to find online, especially in a machine-readable format.
:: To make a long story short: It is exhausting and time-consuming to do this kind of research if you try to do it properly.
:: For the above reasons, and since military history is not the main scope of this wiki, I will refrain from this kind of editing in the future.
::--[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 22:17, 2 August 2023 (UTC)

User:U12423867

2023-07-31T11:46:31Z

U12423867: Replaced content with "Inactive."

Inactive.

User talk:U44629479

2023-07-31T11:45:41Z

U12423867: /* The T-34-57 and editing this wiki in general */

Archive: [[User talk Colok76286/Archive]]

== 100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm) ==

Hey,
As always - thank you for all the edits you do improving the quality of the articles, really appreciate them. I just have a 2 questions regarding the recent edits on [[100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm)]]:
Why change the order of ships in "Vehicles equipped with this weapon"? I sorted it more-or-less by what appears in the research tree (light cruisers first, heavy cruisers second), while the old order you restored seems to be random - e.g. Zara-class isn't even next to each-other, the new, top light cruiser, Duca degli Abruzzi, is second on the list. Can you tell me what's the key for the sorting order here?
: They're listed in alphabetical order. When searching for a vehicle in that particular section of a weapon page, the order in the tree has little relevance.
I was wondering what was the reason of removal of the "Sample Ship" from the "Comparison with analogues" tables? I added it specifically because guns on a different mounts can have a different Rate of Fire and Targeting speed, so it'd be good to see which specific example was taken into account for this comparison.
Kind Regards [[User:U12017485|U12017485]] ([[User talk:U12017485|talk]]) 11:25, 9 January 2023 (UTC)
: To make the table less crowded, this info can added back using the annotation template for example so as not to overload the table.
--[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 12:03, 9 January 2023 (UTC)
::Cheers, thank you for the answers :) That explains it :) [[User:U12017485|U12017485]] ([[User talk:U12017485|talk]]) 12:10, 9 January 2023 (UTC)

== Ground attack/strike vs Close Air support ==

Hey, sorry if my edits break standards on the wiki. I figured I'd ask here since it seems I must be confusing them. The military term is close air support for aerial attack on enemy vehicles in a battle, which is what air realistic mostly simulates. Does this wiki use a different definition of that term that functinally means CAS? I'd love your input so I don't mess up as much in the future!--[[User:U128413528|U128413528]] ([[User talk:U128413528|talk]]) 00:43, 14 January 2023 (UTC)
:We define attacking ground targets in air battles as ground attack. We reserve the term [[Close Air Support]] for the role of planes in ground battles. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 09:09, 14 January 2023 (UTC)

== Revision approval ==
Hi, sorry, I know it's not a standard practice, but could you approve [[User:U12017485/DPSGraph]] and [[User:U12017485/DPS]]? While new templates do not need revision approval, any changes made must have them approved, or else the base version is taken. This will help with getting a correct numbers for the DPS calculation in ships that have a flanked turrets. [[User:U12017485|U12017485]] ([[User talk:U12017485|talk]]) 21:42, 21 February 2023 (UTC)
: Hello, I have unapproved both pages, so any changes you make should now be reflected immediately. As long as you continue to only use the templates on your user page, this will be an adequate solution. [[User:U38088265|U38088265]] ([[User talk:U38088265|talk]]) 21:58, 21 February 2023 (UTC)

== Reverting constructive edits? ==

Hello,
I'm more or less new to the wiki in itself, and I have noticed that you have reverted a few of my edits on the [[V-990]] and [[H.C Mk.I (12,000 lb)]], even though in my opinion I thought they were constructive. I do not want to blow myself up over a few mere reverts, but I realised [[User_talk_Colok76286/Archive#Reverting_changes_to_a_page_and_then_making_changes_with_the_majority_of_those_changes_yourself.3F|that this was not an isolated case.]] Yes, you are a mod and I respect your position as such, but why do you have to revert some constructive edits made by some mere editor of the wiki like myself? Other than "Undo revision ___ by _" you provide no reason at all for reverting these edits, and I would like some answers onto them, at least on the forum's private messages. (yes, I do have a forum user page)

Thanks,

[[User:U85531623|U85531623]] ([[User talk:U85531623|talk]]) 06:47, 15 May 2023 (UTC)

== M728 ==
+1 to this. You removed [https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=M728_CEV&type=revision&diff=153109&oldid=153101&diffmode=source my revision where I linked the M728 CEV to the M60 family of vehicles], but didn’t indicate why. Like [[User:U85531623|U85531623]] ([[User talk:U85531623|talk]]), I’m not upset by this or anything, but I ''do'' want to continue making contributions and do so in a way that follows the guidelines for this Wiki. Something as simple as a short description on the edit would have been enough; without that, I’m left scratching my head and wondering why. The tank is just a modified M60A1. --[[User:U28244977|U28244977]] ([[User talk:U28244977|talk]]) 18:11, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
: The About template is used for disambiguation purposes, when vehicles carry a name close to one another like for example M60A1, M60A2, and M60A3. When the vehicle has a unique name (M728), this template should not be used to link a vehicle to a family page, that is the role of the See also section. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 18:29, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
:: Thanks for responding so quickly, I was in the process of sending you a forum message!
:: That makes sense. Is there a listing of the role of each section - or better yet, a listing of all pages describing the guidelines for contributing? My goal is to make valuable and meaningful contributions, but that’s difficult without knowing the culture of our active users and moderators.
:::No, there isn't really.
:::: Hmm. Well, maybe that’s something we should add.
:::: I discovered the rewards program through your user page; maybe I’ll end up spearheading a formalization of wiki rules and guidelines in their own section at some point. —-[[User:U28244977|U28244977]] ([[User talk:U28244977|talk]]) 19:05, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
:: I’m not sure I 100% agree with the assertion that this belongs in the “See Also” section, but I can’t really argue my position until I get a firmer grasp on the process here. Don’t be offended if I came back at some point and challenge this :)
:::Don't be offended either if I revert it since the rule won't have changed. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 18:52, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
:::: Don’t worry, I won’t be :). FWIW, I’ve been reading other pages and think I’m coming to the conclusion that the best solution here might be to add a short mention in the Description that it’s based on the M60A1, then spend the time to write a full explanation in the History section.—[[User:U28244977|U28244977]] ([[User talk:U28244977|talk]]) 19:05, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
:: Thanks again, and I hope we end up building a productive relationship here. —-[[User:U28244977|U28244977]] ([[User talk:U28244977|talk]]) 18:46, 10 June 2023 (UTC)

== T-80UM2 ==

Hey, I was just wondering why you reverted the newer info on the only T-80UM2 being destroyed last year, and I was curious if talking about more recent wars is taboo on the wiki, as I was unsure of that. --[[User:U21817146|U21817146]] ([[User talk:U21817146|talk]]) 17:49, 1 July 2023 (UTC)
:We do not add historical material for ongoing conflicts. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 17:50, 1 July 2023 (UTC)
::Thank you for the clarification, I will keep it in mind --[[User:U21817146|U21817146]] ([[User talk:U21817146|talk]]) 17:51, 1 July 2023 (UTC)

== Ho-Ro ==

Hey Colok76286,

foremost, let me thank you for helping me get used to the literally unwritten rules of this wiki through your edits.

Speaking of edits, I just became aware of your [https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Ho-Ro&type=revision&diff=166343&oldid=166335&diffmode=source "conditional approval" of the edit of the Ho-Ro article.] Let's start from the bottom: [https://docdro.id/EyHAz3t I got the spelling version from] [https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199891580.001.0001/acref-9780199891580 The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the US Military.] Wiktionary.com also has "breech-loader" as a secondary spelling. According to Collins, "breech-loader" is British English, and "breechloader" American.
In the end, however, it is about the presence of a hyphen, I think regardless of the spelling, this does not cause misunderstandings among wiki users.

You also changed "The howitzer's high trajectory" to "The howitzer's curved trajectory".

For users unfamiliar with ballistics, however, this expression may seem confusing, since the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajectory trajectory] of any projectile subject to the influence of gravity is by definition curved. Artillery projectiles differ in their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajectory#/media/File:Ideal_projectile_motion_for_different_angles.svg parabolic trajectory], depending on whether the apex is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howitzer rather high] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_gun rather low]
--[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 00:51, 11 July 2023 (UTC)

:Sure, go ahead for both topics. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 16:10, 11 July 2023 (UTC)

:: I see you merged it, which expedited the process further, I guess. I will stop thanking you for acting quickly in the future, I suppose this just part of your commendable work ethic.
::I'm still working on a list of questions regarding the "unspoken rules" of this wiki, which I will, after some extra work to make it less of a hassle for you guys to provide me with answers, send to one of your co-mods.
:::We don't have a list of rules to provide unfortunately.
::But since you are so prolific, I would like to go ahead and ask two questions ahead of time to maybe save you some time:
:: You guys seem to really dislike Em-dashes a lot. ;) I'll substitute them with (semi-) colons whenever possible—I remember hyphens being used instead, but didn't find a single one now. If I that wasn't a hallucination on my part, I would like to follow up on that.
:::I keep it simple by using a single type of dash. Using semi-colons, colons, or commas should be fine.
:: I use the visual editor. With every word processor I ever worked with, Shift+Enter would do a line break, just not here. Do you know the shortcut? --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 13:08, 13 July 2023 (UTC)
:::I can't help on that since I don't use the Visual Editor. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 07:51, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

== KV-1 (L-11) ==

Hey Colok,

I just wanted to write to you about the old "General info" formatting issue, but got ninja'd apparently, great job!

My second question would've been if I corrected the ammo rack template the right way, but that question is obsolete now, I guess.<br>
But since you reverted my text edit, but just edited the values in the template back to the old ones: Did I make a mistake or does the KV-1 (L-11) just doesn't come with a shell in the breech? --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 07:35, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

:Some vehicles have unusual depletion routines (where the first shell is not considered, or with discrepancies in the depletion scheme). That's why you must not fill ammo racks table based on a supposition but on real observed behaviour (by using the test drive). --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 07:45, 15 July 2023 (UTC)
::Thank you so much for explaining that! To make the more important things regarding ammunition easier for the player, the concept of ammo rack depletion was designed very counterintuitively. ''Especially'' in the case of the KV-1, since there is a KV-1E, too, which I used to countercheck the data. This tank can load the same amount of ammunition, uses the same layout for the ammo racks, starts with a shell in the breech at the start of the game like any other tank and "The ammo stowage is empty" not when the ammo stowage is actually empty, but when the last shot is fired.<br>But I take on your recommendation and put on a lead apron whenever I change anything ammo racks. ;) --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 14:22, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

== "Abbreviations" ==

Hi Colok76286,

Firstly, thank you for your [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Be_bold bolder] edit of the abbreviation article. Back home, I'm going to stick Post-Its on my desk with "No typographical quotation marks!". Just to make it clearer for me: Did you use "aircraft" instead of "aeroplane", as the term is more commonly used in a military context? According to my cursory review of several corpora, even the term "military aircraft" includes rotorcraft and lighter-than-air vehicles.
:Aircraft is the correct word to translate Flugzeug.
:: Well, a "Flugzeug" is an aircraft. But so is a "Ballon", "Hubschrauber", or "Lastensegler". I guess you could translate it that way, but don't you think that's a bit sloppy of a diction for someone who reverts "hunting tank" as a possible literal translation for "Jagdpanzer"? --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 19:20, 29 July 2023 (UTC)
:::Is there a real question here? Or is it just you using an ad hominem obnoxiously because things didn't get your way?
Moreover, do you think my suggestion in "Discussion" makes sense? --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 22:10, 27 July 2023 (UTC)
:I have no way of controlling a user's proficiency in a given language. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 03:14, 28 July 2023 (UTC)
::Yes, that's true in more than one way, and not what I suggested, but I'm starting to see how "editor" could be misinterpreted this way. --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 19:20, 29 July 2023 (UTC)
::: How did you mean it then? --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 20:16, 29 July 2023 (UTC)

== The T-34-57 and editing this wiki in general ==

Hi Colok,

You reviewed my changes to the T-34-57 article, and I'd like to start by thanking you for the second pair of eyes.
I think it was you who said this, in any case, it's obvious: there are no detailed written rules on how articles should be drafted and edited.
I hope it's okay if I treat you (and all the other moderators) like a member of the Académie Française in this respect.
:What is it supposed to mean?
::There is no written set of rules here like on Wikipedia. At that time, I thought this was informal knowledge long-time users and moderators had, and I could just copy what they did because they surely would adhere to some ruleset, right?
:::What is the relation to the Académie Française?
That being said, a few questions have arisen in going through your review.

You changed "lower rank battles" to "lower tier battles". Did I use the wrong term, or can both terms be used synonymously?
:The terms low-tier and top-tier are regularly used throughout the wiki. I don't want you to go around correcting every occurrence of the term out of pedantry.
:: Did you, Colok, just accuse me of pedantry?
:::Is there a vehicle page where you added content other than rewording what was already on the page, or correcting the punctuation and grammar?
:::: I try to add or correct information on articles. On Wikipedia, that's called "editing". It sounds like you think that's a bad thing, at least when other people do it.
Knowing your aversion to dashes, I used colons where possible. You have reverted (?) them to hyphens. They are not used like that in any language I know, including English, of course. Could you explain this briefly?
:You can't use a capital letter after a colon. Therefore the use of the dash as a separator since a new sentence starts after the colon.
:: I'm unsure if the second sentence could make any sense to me, but it doesn't. Also: you didn't use dashes, you used hyphens. I used Em-Dashes at the beginning of my time here, and they were always reverted. [[https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=User_talk:U44629479&action=edit#Ho-Ro|Instead I was told by a mod that using colons [...] would be fine]] Also, yes, according to at least two style guides, you would capitalize after the colon in these cases. I could go on and ask you why you would revert "defence" back to "defense", but I have already wasted enough time here, and this talk page and your general behaviour tells me I would just waste more. I'm tired.--[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 20:55, 29 July 2023 (UTC)
:::An hyphen is a type of dash... But here comes the real point: why do you become belligerent when your edits are corrected? It happens to other users, I don't see all of them lashing out like you do.
:::: Belligerence is what I would call calling people names, for example. I'm actually I bit sad, rather, that this Wiki (and its contributors) are treated like this.
::::Humans err, and people handle it differently when other people make them aware of an error they made. Some people are a bit angry at themselves and try to do better in the future (and say, e.g., "thank you for the effort of reviewing"). Some are more angry at the people who notice them of what could be a mistake, because firstly, they feel like they don't make any errors, and if they do, the other people were at fault for not correcting them. There are personality profiles that are more susceptible to this behaviour.
::::Furthermore, no, a hyphen is as much a dash as a colon is a semicolon (maybe Cockney has different rules, I don't know). "Mother-in-law" is an example of a hyphen correctly used. "It's not that hard—is it?" That's a dash. "..." are not ellipses, either. If we both agree that these typographical details are not super important, why do you revert them all the time? I once again agree with you, pedants are exhausting, but even more exhausting are pedants who get their pedantry wrong all the time.
You changed a link from https://wiki.warthunder.com/Pz.IV_(Family) to https://wiki.warthunder.com/Panzer_IV_(Family). This page is currently empty. Why this change?
:Nobody's perfect. But it's a wiki: you can correct any wrong link you see.
:: Colok, with this action "you" have already corrected "me", the pedant. At this point, I consider this a character flaw of mine: If someone ''corrects'' something I did, I always assume there was some thinking going on.
:::What was the need to point this out the way you did when you could correct it directly instead, except for being pedantic? --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 21:17, 29 July 2023 (UTC)
::::What gave you the idea to change a perfectly fine link in the first place? I thought, maybe the dead page was already a work in progress nearly done, so I thought I'd ask first. Wouldn't you have just reverted my correction anyway?
You changed "Panzer IV variants armed with the KwK 40 gun:" to "Panzer IV variants armed with the 75 mm KwK40 L43 or L48 guns -". If I recall correctly, the wrong spelling "KwK40" is used in the wiki as this is also the in-game designation. Further, the "75 mm KwK40 L43 or L48 guns" are the only KwK 40s used in Panzer IVs (and at all), at least to my knowledge. This would be tautological; the reader would read a longer text without getting additional information, something that is generally avoided. I would be genuinely interested in the rationale behind this change, as it is quite incomprehensible to me, from a third-party perspective.
:Terms used in the game are our starting point. If you think the game references a name incorrectly, please submit a bug report. Historically, the term KwK40 referred to both guns on the wiki, before they were split in 2 separate pages. Nowadays, when searched on the wiki, it only [[KwK40 (75 mm)|redirects]] to the L43 version.

In retrospect, my change in "pros and cons" was not outstandingly well-thought-out, to say the least. There wasn't really any added value in terms of information (I ran out of time a bit after working on "History", a Tower of Babel). The de facto revert did not improve this, of course. Do you think we can highlight the qualities of the armament even better? I think the current version is not ideal, at least in terms of "good […] rate of fire" and "fast reload rate" (please don't lecture me about first-stage ammo racks and autoloaders now 😉).
:IMHO, the qualities for a good follow-up shot are the rate of fire and the accuracy/recoil of the gun. You dumbed it down to just the rate of fire, hence the revert.
::"Dumb down" sounds rather unfriendly, doesn't it? You seem to disagree, but I think accuracy is important for the first shot, too, so I moved it to the other general qualities of the gun.
::By the way, are you a volunteer or do you get paid in some way? Because being unfriendly to people who volunteer for a for-profit company is a good way to drive them off. So I guess this wiki has an over-abundance of contributors. --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 11:45, 31 July 2023 (UTC)
Last question: Why did you remove the addition "Jumbo" from the hyperlink?
:Keeping the links simple.--[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 03:14, 28 July 2023 (UTC)

Once again, thank you for the effort of reviewing, maybe you will find time to answer these question as well (not just for me).

Cheers

--[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 00:01, 28 July 2023 (UTC)

User talk:U44629479

2023-07-29T20:55:37Z

U12423867: Bye Guys. Good luck, we're all counting on you.

Archive: [[User talk Colok76286/Archive]]

== 100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm) ==

Hey,
As always - thank you for all the edits you do improving the quality of the articles, really appreciate them. I just have a 2 questions regarding the recent edits on [[100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm)]]:
Why change the order of ships in "Vehicles equipped with this weapon"? I sorted it more-or-less by what appears in the research tree (light cruisers first, heavy cruisers second), while the old order you restored seems to be random - e.g. Zara-class isn't even next to each-other, the new, top light cruiser, Duca degli Abruzzi, is second on the list. Can you tell me what's the key for the sorting order here?
: They're listed in alphabetical order. When searching for a vehicle in that particular section of a weapon page, the order in the tree has little relevance.
I was wondering what was the reason of removal of the "Sample Ship" from the "Comparison with analogues" tables? I added it specifically because guns on a different mounts can have a different Rate of Fire and Targeting speed, so it'd be good to see which specific example was taken into account for this comparison.
Kind Regards [[User:U12017485|U12017485]] ([[User talk:U12017485|talk]]) 11:25, 9 January 2023 (UTC)
: To make the table less crowded, this info can added back using the annotation template for example so as not to overload the table.
--[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 12:03, 9 January 2023 (UTC)
::Cheers, thank you for the answers :) That explains it :) [[User:U12017485|U12017485]] ([[User talk:U12017485|talk]]) 12:10, 9 January 2023 (UTC)

== Ground attack/strike vs Close Air support ==

Hey, sorry if my edits break standards on the wiki. I figured I'd ask here since it seems I must be confusing them. The military term is close air support for aerial attack on enemy vehicles in a battle, which is what air realistic mostly simulates. Does this wiki use a different definition of that term that functinally means CAS? I'd love your input so I don't mess up as much in the future!--[[User:U128413528|U128413528]] ([[User talk:U128413528|talk]]) 00:43, 14 January 2023 (UTC)
:We define attacking ground targets in air battles as ground attack. We reserve the term [[Close Air Support]] for the role of planes in ground battles. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 09:09, 14 January 2023 (UTC)

== Revision approval ==
Hi, sorry, I know it's not a standard practice, but could you approve [[User:U12017485/DPSGraph]] and [[User:U12017485/DPS]]? While new templates do not need revision approval, any changes made must have them approved, or else the base version is taken. This will help with getting a correct numbers for the DPS calculation in ships that have a flanked turrets. [[User:U12017485|U12017485]] ([[User talk:U12017485|talk]]) 21:42, 21 February 2023 (UTC)
: Hello, I have unapproved both pages, so any changes you make should now be reflected immediately. As long as you continue to only use the templates on your user page, this will be an adequate solution. [[User:U38088265|U38088265]] ([[User talk:U38088265|talk]]) 21:58, 21 February 2023 (UTC)

== Reverting constructive edits? ==

Hello,
I'm more or less new to the wiki in itself, and I have noticed that you have reverted a few of my edits on the [[V-990]] and [[H.C Mk.I (12,000 lb)]], even though in my opinion I thought they were constructive. I do not want to blow myself up over a few mere reverts, but I realised [[User_talk_Colok76286/Archive#Reverting_changes_to_a_page_and_then_making_changes_with_the_majority_of_those_changes_yourself.3F|that this was not an isolated case.]] Yes, you are a mod and I respect your position as such, but why do you have to revert some constructive edits made by some mere editor of the wiki like myself? Other than "Undo revision ___ by _" you provide no reason at all for reverting these edits, and I would like some answers onto them, at least on the forum's private messages. (yes, I do have a forum user page)

Thanks,

[[User:U85531623|U85531623]] ([[User talk:U85531623|talk]]) 06:47, 15 May 2023 (UTC)

== M728 ==
+1 to this. You removed [https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=M728_CEV&type=revision&diff=153109&oldid=153101&diffmode=source my revision where I linked the M728 CEV to the M60 family of vehicles], but didn’t indicate why. Like [[User:U85531623|U85531623]] ([[User talk:U85531623|talk]]), I’m not upset by this or anything, but I ''do'' want to continue making contributions and do so in a way that follows the guidelines for this Wiki. Something as simple as a short description on the edit would have been enough; without that, I’m left scratching my head and wondering why. The tank is just a modified M60A1. --[[User:U28244977|U28244977]] ([[User talk:U28244977|talk]]) 18:11, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
: The About template is used for disambiguation purposes, when vehicles carry a name close to one another like for example M60A1, M60A2, and M60A3. When the vehicle has a unique name (M728), this template should not be used to link a vehicle to a family page, that is the role of the See also section. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 18:29, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
:: Thanks for responding so quickly, I was in the process of sending you a forum message!
:: That makes sense. Is there a listing of the role of each section - or better yet, a listing of all pages describing the guidelines for contributing? My goal is to make valuable and meaningful contributions, but that’s difficult without knowing the culture of our active users and moderators.
:::No, there isn't really.
:::: Hmm. Well, maybe that’s something we should add.
:::: I discovered the rewards program through your user page; maybe I’ll end up spearheading a formalization of wiki rules and guidelines in their own section at some point. —-[[User:U28244977|U28244977]] ([[User talk:U28244977|talk]]) 19:05, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
:: I’m not sure I 100% agree with the assertion that this belongs in the “See Also” section, but I can’t really argue my position until I get a firmer grasp on the process here. Don’t be offended if I came back at some point and challenge this :)
:::Don't be offended either if I revert it since the rule won't have changed. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 18:52, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
:::: Don’t worry, I won’t be :). FWIW, I’ve been reading other pages and think I’m coming to the conclusion that the best solution here might be to add a short mention in the Description that it’s based on the M60A1, then spend the time to write a full explanation in the History section.—[[User:U28244977|U28244977]] ([[User talk:U28244977|talk]]) 19:05, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
:: Thanks again, and I hope we end up building a productive relationship here. —-[[User:U28244977|U28244977]] ([[User talk:U28244977|talk]]) 18:46, 10 June 2023 (UTC)

== T-80UM2 ==

Hey, I was just wondering why you reverted the newer info on the only T-80UM2 being destroyed last year, and I was curious if talking about more recent wars is taboo on the wiki, as I was unsure of that. --[[User:U21817146|U21817146]] ([[User talk:U21817146|talk]]) 17:49, 1 July 2023 (UTC)
:We do not add historical material for ongoing conflicts. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 17:50, 1 July 2023 (UTC)
::Thank you for the clarification, I will keep it in mind --[[User:U21817146|U21817146]] ([[User talk:U21817146|talk]]) 17:51, 1 July 2023 (UTC)

== Ho-Ro ==

Hey Colok76286,

foremost, let me thank you for helping me get used to the literally unwritten rules of this wiki through your edits.

Speaking of edits, I just became aware of your [https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Ho-Ro&type=revision&diff=166343&oldid=166335&diffmode=source "conditional approval" of the edit of the Ho-Ro article.] Let's start from the bottom: [https://docdro.id/EyHAz3t I got the spelling version from] [https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199891580.001.0001/acref-9780199891580 The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the US Military.] Wiktionary.com also has "breech-loader" as a secondary spelling. According to Collins, "breech-loader" is British English, and "breechloader" American.
In the end, however, it is about the presence of a hyphen, I think regardless of the spelling, this does not cause misunderstandings among wiki users.

You also changed "The howitzer's high trajectory" to "The howitzer's curved trajectory".

For users unfamiliar with ballistics, however, this expression may seem confusing, since the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajectory trajectory] of any projectile subject to the influence of gravity is by definition curved. Artillery projectiles differ in their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajectory#/media/File:Ideal_projectile_motion_for_different_angles.svg parabolic trajectory], depending on whether the apex is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howitzer rather high] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_gun rather low]
--[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 00:51, 11 July 2023 (UTC)

:Sure, go ahead for both topics. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 16:10, 11 July 2023 (UTC)

:: I see you merged it, which expedited the process further, I guess. I will stop thanking you for acting quickly in the future, I suppose this just part of your commendable work ethic.
::I'm still working on a list of questions regarding the "unspoken rules" of this wiki, which I will, after some extra work to make it less of a hassle for you guys to provide me with answers, send to one of your co-mods.
:::We don't have a list of rules to provide unfortunately.
::But since you are so prolific, I would like to go ahead and ask two questions ahead of time to maybe save you some time:
:: You guys seem to really dislike Em-dashes a lot. ;) I'll substitute them with (semi-) colons whenever possible—I remember hyphens being used instead, but didn't find a single one now. If I that wasn't a hallucination on my part, I would like to follow up on that.
:::I keep it simple by using a single type of dash. Using semi-colons, colons, or commas should be fine.
:: I use the visual editor. With every word processor I ever worked with, Shift+Enter would do a line break, just not here. Do you know the shortcut? --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 13:08, 13 July 2023 (UTC)
:::I can't help on that since I don't use the Visual Editor. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 07:51, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

== KV-1 (L-11) ==

Hey Colok,

I just wanted to write to you about the old "General info" formatting issue, but got ninja'd apparently, great job!

My second question would've been if I corrected the ammo rack template the right way, but that question is obsolete now, I guess.<br>
But since you reverted my text edit, but just edited the values in the template back to the old ones: Did I make a mistake or does the KV-1 (L-11) just doesn't come with a shell in the breech? --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 07:35, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

:Some vehicles have unusual depletion routines (where the first shell is not considered, or with discrepancies in the depletion scheme). That's why you must not fill ammo racks table based on a supposition but on real observed behaviour (by using the test drive). --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 07:45, 15 July 2023 (UTC)
::Thank you so much for explaining that! To make the more important things regarding ammunition easier for the player, the concept of ammo rack depletion was designed very counterintuitively. ''Especially'' in the case of the KV-1, since there is a KV-1E, too, which I used to countercheck the data. This tank can load the same amount of ammunition, uses the same layout for the ammo racks, starts with a shell in the breech at the start of the game like any other tank and "The ammo stowage is empty" not when the ammo stowage is actually empty, but when the last shot is fired.<br>But I take on your recommendation and put on a lead apron whenever I change anything ammo racks. ;) --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 14:22, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

== "Abbreviations" ==

Hi Colok76286,

Firstly, thank you for your [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Be_bold bolder] edit of the abbreviation article. Back home, I'm going to stick Post-Its on my desk with "No typographical quotation marks!". Just to make it clearer for me: Did you use "aircraft" instead of "aeroplane", as the term is more commonly used in a military context? According to my cursory review of several corpora, even the term "military aircraft" includes rotorcraft and lighter-than-air vehicles.
:Aircraft is the correct word to translate Flugzeug.
:: Well, a "Flugzeug" is an aircraft. But so is a "Ballon", "Hubschrauber", or "Lastensegler". I guess you could translate it that way, but don't you think that's a bit sloppy of a diction for someone who reverts "hunting tank" as a possible literal translation for "Jagdpanzer"? --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 19:20, 29 July 2023 (UTC)
:::Is there a real question here? Or is it just you using an ad hominem obnoxiously because things didn't get your way?
Moreover, do you think my suggestion in "Discussion" makes sense? --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 22:10, 27 July 2023 (UTC)
:I have no way of controlling a user's proficiency in a given language. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 03:14, 28 July 2023 (UTC)
::Yes, that's true in more than one way, and not what I suggested, but I'm starting to see how "editor" could be misinterpreted this way. --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 19:20, 29 July 2023 (UTC)
::: How did you mean it then? --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 20:16, 29 July 2023 (UTC)

== The T-34-57 and editing this wiki in general ==

Hi Colok,

You reviewed my changes to the T-34-57 article, and I'd like to start by thanking you for the second pair of eyes.
I think it was you who said this, in any case, it's obvious: there are no detailed written rules on how articles should be drafted and edited.
I hope it's okay if I treat you (and all the other moderators) like a member of the Académie Française in this respect.
:What is it supposed to mean?
::There is no written set of rules here like on Wikipedia. At that time, I thought this was informal knowledge long-time users and moderators had, and I could just copy what they did because they surely would adhere to some ruleset, right?
That being said, a few questions have arisen in going through your review.

You changed "lower rank battles" to "lower tier battles". Did I use the wrong term, or can both terms be used synonymously?
:The terms low-tier and top-tier are regularly used throughout the wiki. I don't want you to go around correcting every occurrence of the term out of pedantry.
:: Did you, Colok, just accuse me of pedantry?
Knowing your aversion to dashes, I used colons where possible. You have reverted (?) them to hyphens. They are not used like that in any language I know, including English, of course. Could you explain this briefly?
:You can't use a capital letter after a colon. Therefore the use of the dash as a separator since a new sentence starts after the colon.
:: I'm unsure if the second sentence could make any sense to me, but it doesn't. Also: you didn't use dashes, you used hyphens. I used Em-Dashes at the beginning of my time here, and they were always reverted. [[https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=User_talk:U44629479&action=edit#Ho-Ro|Instead I was told by a mod that using colons [...] would be fine]] Also, yes, according to at least two style guides, you would capitalize after the colon in these cases. I could go on and ask you why you would revert "defence" back to "defense", but I have already wasted enough time here, and this talk page and your general behaviour tells me I would just waste more. I'm tired.--[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 20:55, 29 July 2023 (UTC)
You changed a link from https://wiki.warthunder.com/Pz.IV_(Family) to https://wiki.warthunder.com/Panzer_IV_(Family). This page is currently empty. Why this change?
:Nobody's perfect. But it's a wiki: you can correct any wrong link you see.
:: Colok, with this action "you" have already corrected "me", the pedant. At this point, I consider this a character flaw of mine: If someone ''corrects'' something I did, I always assume there was some thinking going on.
You changed "Panzer IV variants armed with the KwK 40 gun:" to "Panzer IV variants armed with the 75 mm KwK40 L43 or L48 guns -". If I recall correctly, the wrong spelling "KwK40" is used in the wiki as this is also the in-game designation. Further, the "75 mm KwK40 L43 or L48 guns" are the only KwK 40s used in Panzer IVs (and at all), at least to my knowledge. This would be tautological; the reader would read a longer text without getting additional information, something that is generally avoided. I would be genuinely interested in the rationale behind this change, as it is quite incomprehensible to me, from a third-party perspective.
:Terms used in the game are our starting point. If you think the game references a name incorrectly, please submit a bug report. Historically, the term KwK40 referred to both guns on the wiki, before they were split in 2 separate pages. Nowadays, when searched on the wiki, it only [[KwK40 (75 mm)|redirects]] to the L43 version.

In retrospect, my change in "pros and cons" was not outstandingly well-thought-out, to say the least. There wasn't really any added value in terms of information (I ran out of time a bit after working on "History", a Tower of Babel). The de facto revert did not improve this, of course. Do you think we can highlight the qualities of the armament even better? I think the current version is not ideal, at least in terms of "good […] rate of fire" and "fast reload rate" (please don't lecture me about first-stage ammo racks and autoloaders now 😉).
:IMHO, the qualities for a good follow-up shot are the rate of fire and the accuracy/recoil of the gun. You dumbed it down to just the rate of fire, hence the revert.

Last question: Why did you remove the addition "Jumbo" from the hyperlink?
:Keeping the links simple.--[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 03:14, 28 July 2023 (UTC)

Once again, thank you for the effort of reviewing, maybe you will find time to answer these question as well (not just for me).

Cheers

--[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 00:01, 28 July 2023 (UTC)

User talk:U44629479

2023-07-29T19:20:35Z

U12423867: Answers

Archive: [[User talk Colok76286/Archive]]

== 100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm) ==

Hey,
As always - thank you for all the edits you do improving the quality of the articles, really appreciate them. I just have a 2 questions regarding the recent edits on [[100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm)]]:
Why change the order of ships in "Vehicles equipped with this weapon"? I sorted it more-or-less by what appears in the research tree (light cruisers first, heavy cruisers second), while the old order you restored seems to be random - e.g. Zara-class isn't even next to each-other, the new, top light cruiser, Duca degli Abruzzi, is second on the list. Can you tell me what's the key for the sorting order here?
: They're listed in alphabetical order. When searching for a vehicle in that particular section of a weapon page, the order in the tree has little relevance.
I was wondering what was the reason of removal of the "Sample Ship" from the "Comparison with analogues" tables? I added it specifically because guns on a different mounts can have a different Rate of Fire and Targeting speed, so it'd be good to see which specific example was taken into account for this comparison.
Kind Regards [[User:U12017485|U12017485]] ([[User talk:U12017485|talk]]) 11:25, 9 January 2023 (UTC)
: To make the table less crowded, this info can added back using the annotation template for example so as not to overload the table.
--[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 12:03, 9 January 2023 (UTC)
::Cheers, thank you for the answers :) That explains it :) [[User:U12017485|U12017485]] ([[User talk:U12017485|talk]]) 12:10, 9 January 2023 (UTC)

== Ground attack/strike vs Close Air support ==

Hey, sorry if my edits break standards on the wiki. I figured I'd ask here since it seems I must be confusing them. The military term is close air support for aerial attack on enemy vehicles in a battle, which is what air realistic mostly simulates. Does this wiki use a different definition of that term that functinally means CAS? I'd love your input so I don't mess up as much in the future!--[[User:U128413528|U128413528]] ([[User talk:U128413528|talk]]) 00:43, 14 January 2023 (UTC)
:We define attacking ground targets in air battles as ground attack. We reserve the term [[Close Air Support]] for the role of planes in ground battles. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 09:09, 14 January 2023 (UTC)

== Revision approval ==
Hi, sorry, I know it's not a standard practice, but could you approve [[User:U12017485/DPSGraph]] and [[User:U12017485/DPS]]? While new templates do not need revision approval, any changes made must have them approved, or else the base version is taken. This will help with getting a correct numbers for the DPS calculation in ships that have a flanked turrets. [[User:U12017485|U12017485]] ([[User talk:U12017485|talk]]) 21:42, 21 February 2023 (UTC)
: Hello, I have unapproved both pages, so any changes you make should now be reflected immediately. As long as you continue to only use the templates on your user page, this will be an adequate solution. [[User:U38088265|U38088265]] ([[User talk:U38088265|talk]]) 21:58, 21 February 2023 (UTC)

== Reverting constructive edits? ==

Hello,
I'm more or less new to the wiki in itself, and I have noticed that you have reverted a few of my edits on the [[V-990]] and [[H.C Mk.I (12,000 lb)]], even though in my opinion I thought they were constructive. I do not want to blow myself up over a few mere reverts, but I realised [[User_talk_Colok76286/Archive#Reverting_changes_to_a_page_and_then_making_changes_with_the_majority_of_those_changes_yourself.3F|that this was not an isolated case.]] Yes, you are a mod and I respect your position as such, but why do you have to revert some constructive edits made by some mere editor of the wiki like myself? Other than "Undo revision ___ by _" you provide no reason at all for reverting these edits, and I would like some answers onto them, at least on the forum's private messages. (yes, I do have a forum user page)

Thanks,

[[User:U85531623|U85531623]] ([[User talk:U85531623|talk]]) 06:47, 15 May 2023 (UTC)

== M728 ==
+1 to this. You removed [https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=M728_CEV&type=revision&diff=153109&oldid=153101&diffmode=source my revision where I linked the M728 CEV to the M60 family of vehicles], but didn’t indicate why. Like [[User:U85531623|U85531623]] ([[User talk:U85531623|talk]]), I’m not upset by this or anything, but I ''do'' want to continue making contributions and do so in a way that follows the guidelines for this Wiki. Something as simple as a short description on the edit would have been enough; without that, I’m left scratching my head and wondering why. The tank is just a modified M60A1. --[[User:U28244977|U28244977]] ([[User talk:U28244977|talk]]) 18:11, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
: The About template is used for disambiguation purposes, when vehicles carry a name close to one another like for example M60A1, M60A2, and M60A3. When the vehicle has a unique name (M728), this template should not be used to link a vehicle to a family page, that is the role of the See also section. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 18:29, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
:: Thanks for responding so quickly, I was in the process of sending you a forum message!
:: That makes sense. Is there a listing of the role of each section - or better yet, a listing of all pages describing the guidelines for contributing? My goal is to make valuable and meaningful contributions, but that’s difficult without knowing the culture of our active users and moderators.
:::No, there isn't really.
:::: Hmm. Well, maybe that’s something we should add.
:::: I discovered the rewards program through your user page; maybe I’ll end up spearheading a formalization of wiki rules and guidelines in their own section at some point. —-[[User:U28244977|U28244977]] ([[User talk:U28244977|talk]]) 19:05, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
:: I’m not sure I 100% agree with the assertion that this belongs in the “See Also” section, but I can’t really argue my position until I get a firmer grasp on the process here. Don’t be offended if I came back at some point and challenge this :)
:::Don't be offended either if I revert it since the rule won't have changed. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 18:52, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
:::: Don’t worry, I won’t be :). FWIW, I’ve been reading other pages and think I’m coming to the conclusion that the best solution here might be to add a short mention in the Description that it’s based on the M60A1, then spend the time to write a full explanation in the History section.—[[User:U28244977|U28244977]] ([[User talk:U28244977|talk]]) 19:05, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
:: Thanks again, and I hope we end up building a productive relationship here. —-[[User:U28244977|U28244977]] ([[User talk:U28244977|talk]]) 18:46, 10 June 2023 (UTC)

== T-80UM2 ==

Hey, I was just wondering why you reverted the newer info on the only T-80UM2 being destroyed last year, and I was curious if talking about more recent wars is taboo on the wiki, as I was unsure of that. --[[User:U21817146|U21817146]] ([[User talk:U21817146|talk]]) 17:49, 1 July 2023 (UTC)
:We do not add historical material for ongoing conflicts. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 17:50, 1 July 2023 (UTC)
::Thank you for the clarification, I will keep it in mind --[[User:U21817146|U21817146]] ([[User talk:U21817146|talk]]) 17:51, 1 July 2023 (UTC)

== Ho-Ro ==

Hey Colok76286,

foremost, let me thank you for helping me get used to the literally unwritten rules of this wiki through your edits.

Speaking of edits, I just became aware of your [https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Ho-Ro&type=revision&diff=166343&oldid=166335&diffmode=source "conditional approval" of the edit of the Ho-Ro article.] Let's start from the bottom: [https://docdro.id/EyHAz3t I got the spelling version from] [https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199891580.001.0001/acref-9780199891580 The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the US Military.] Wiktionary.com also has "breech-loader" as a secondary spelling. According to Collins, "breech-loader" is British English, and "breechloader" American.
In the end, however, it is about the presence of a hyphen, I think regardless of the spelling, this does not cause misunderstandings among wiki users.

You also changed "The howitzer's high trajectory" to "The howitzer's curved trajectory".

For users unfamiliar with ballistics, however, this expression may seem confusing, since the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajectory trajectory] of any projectile subject to the influence of gravity is by definition curved. Artillery projectiles differ in their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajectory#/media/File:Ideal_projectile_motion_for_different_angles.svg parabolic trajectory], depending on whether the apex is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howitzer rather high] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_gun rather low]
--[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 00:51, 11 July 2023 (UTC)

:Sure, go ahead for both topics. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 16:10, 11 July 2023 (UTC)

:: I see you merged it, which expedited the process further, I guess. I will stop thanking you for acting quickly in the future, I suppose this just part of your commendable work ethic.
::I'm still working on a list of questions regarding the "unspoken rules" of this wiki, which I will, after some extra work to make it less of a hassle for you guys to provide me with answers, send to one of your co-mods.
:::We don't have a list of rules to provide unfortunately.
::But since you are so prolific, I would like to go ahead and ask two questions ahead of time to maybe save you some time:
:: You guys seem to really dislike Em-dashes a lot. ;) I'll substitute them with (semi-) colons whenever possible—I remember hyphens being used instead, but didn't find a single one now. If I that wasn't a hallucination on my part, I would like to follow up on that.
:::I keep it simple by using a single type of dash. Using semi-colons, colons, or commas should be fine.
:: I use the visual editor. With every word processor I ever worked with, Shift+Enter would do a line break, just not here. Do you know the shortcut? --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 13:08, 13 July 2023 (UTC)
:::I can't help on that since I don't use the Visual Editor. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 07:51, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

== KV-1 (L-11) ==

Hey Colok,

I just wanted to write to you about the old "General info" formatting issue, but got ninja'd apparently, great job!

My second question would've been if I corrected the ammo rack template the right way, but that question is obsolete now, I guess.<br>
But since you reverted my text edit, but just edited the values in the template back to the old ones: Did I make a mistake or does the KV-1 (L-11) just doesn't come with a shell in the breech? --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 07:35, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

:Some vehicles have unusual depletion routines (where the first shell is not considered, or with discrepancies in the depletion scheme). That's why you must not fill ammo racks table based on a supposition but on real observed behaviour (by using the test drive). --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 07:45, 15 July 2023 (UTC)
::Thank you so much for explaining that! To make the more important things regarding ammunition easier for the player, the concept of ammo rack depletion was designed very counterintuitively. ''Especially'' in the case of the KV-1, since there is a KV-1E, too, which I used to countercheck the data. This tank can load the same amount of ammunition, uses the same layout for the ammo racks, starts with a shell in the breech at the start of the game like any other tank and "The ammo stowage is empty" not when the ammo stowage is actually empty, but when the last shot is fired.<br>But I take on your recommendation and put on a lead apron whenever I change anything ammo racks. ;) --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 14:22, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

== "Abbreviations" ==

Hi Colok76286,

Firstly, thank you for your [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Be_bold bolder] edit of the abbreviation article. Back home, I'm going to stick Post-Its on my desk with "No typographical quotation marks!". Just to make it clearer for me: Did you use "aircraft" instead of "aeroplane", as the term is more commonly used in a military context? According to my cursory review of several corpora, even the term "military aircraft" includes rotorcraft and lighter-than-air vehicles.
:Aircraft is the correct word to translate Flugzeug.
:: Well, a "Flugzeug" is an aircraft. But so is a "Ballon", "Hubschrauber", or "Lastensegler". I guess you could translate it that way, but don't you think that's a bit sloppy of a diction for someone who reverts "hunting tank" as a possible literal translation for "Jagdpanzer"? --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 19:20, 29 July 2023 (UTC)
Moreover, do you think my suggestion in "Discussion" makes sense? --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 22:10, 27 July 2023 (UTC)
:I have no way of controlling a user's proficiency in a given language. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 03:14, 28 July 2023 (UTC)
::Yes, that's true in more than one way, and not what I suggested, but I'm starting to see how "editor" could be misinterpreted this way. --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 19:20, 29 July 2023 (UTC)

== The T-34-57 and editing this wiki in general ==

Hi Colok,

You reviewed my changes to the T-34-57 article, and I'd like to start by thanking you for the second pair of eyes.
I think it was you who said this, in any case, it's obvious: there are no detailed written rules on how articles should be drafted and edited.
I hope it's okay if I treat you (and all the other moderators) like a member of the Académie Française in this respect.
:What is it supposed to mean?
That being said, a few questions have arisen in going through your review.

You changed "lower rank battles" to "lower tier battles". Did I use the wrong term, or can both terms be used synonymously?
:The terms low-tier and top-tier are regularly used throughout the wiki. I don't want you to go around correcting every occurrence of the term out of pedantry.
Knowing your aversion to dashes, I used colons where possible. You have reverted (?) them to hyphens. They are not used like that in any language I know, including English, of course. Could you explain this briefly?
:You can't use a capital letter after a colon. Therefore the use of the dash as a separator since a new sentence starts after the colon.

You changed a link from https://wiki.warthunder.com/Pz.IV_(Family) to https://wiki.warthunder.com/Panzer_IV_(Family). This page is currently empty. Why this change?
:Nobody's perfect. But it's a wiki: you can correct any wrong link you see.

You changed "Panzer IV variants armed with the KwK 40 gun:" to "Panzer IV variants armed with the 75 mm KwK40 L43 or L48 guns -". If I recall correctly, the wrong spelling "KwK40" is used in the wiki as this is also the in-game designation. Further, the "75 mm KwK40 L43 or L48 guns" are the only KwK 40s used in Panzer IVs (and at all), at least to my knowledge. This would be tautological; the reader would read a longer text without getting additional information, something that is generally avoided. I would be genuinely interested in the rationale behind this change, as it is quite incomprehensible to me, from a third-party perspective.
:Terms used in the game are our starting point. If you think the game references a name incorrectly, please submit a bug report. Historically, the term KwK40 referred to both guns on the wiki, before they were split in 2 separate pages. Nowadays, when searched on the wiki, it only [[KwK40 (75 mm)|redirects]] to the L43 version.

In retrospect, my change in "pros and cons" was not outstandingly well-thought-out, to say the least. There wasn't really any added value in terms of information (I ran out of time a bit after working on "History", a Tower of Babel). The de facto revert did not improve this, of course. Do you think we can highlight the qualities of the armament even better? I think the current version is not ideal, at least in terms of "good […] rate of fire" and "fast reload rate" (please don't lecture me about first-stage ammo racks and autoloaders now 😉).
:IMHO, the qualities for a good follow-up shot are the rate of fire and the accuracy/recoil of the gun. You dumbed it down to just the rate of fire, hence the revert.

Last question: Why did you remove the addition "Jumbo" from the hyperlink?
:Keeping the links simple.--[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 03:14, 28 July 2023 (UTC)

Once again, thank you for the effort of reviewing, maybe you will find time to answer these question as well (not just for me).

Cheers

--[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 00:01, 28 July 2023 (UTC)

Talk:15 cm Pz.W.42

2023-07-29T17:59:33Z

U12423867: Did the research myself

Sd.Kfz.234/2

2023-07-29T17:41:58Z

U12423867: "Edit". Seriously, it appears to be a machine translation from German (?), the article could be rewritten from scratch in that regard. I hope it is clearer now than before, though.

{{About
| about = German light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Sd.Kfz.234 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_sdkfz_234_2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Sd.Kfz.234_2.jpg|ArtImage_Sd.Kfz.234-2.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is the first production variant and most well-known version of the [[Sd.Kfz.234 (Family)|Sd.Kfz.234 family]], a heavy armoured car used mainly as a reconnaissance vehicle, featuring the turret of the prototype VK 16.02 Leopard housing a [[KwK 39 (50 mm)|50 mm KwK 39]] cannon next to an MG42 machine gun. The Sd.Kfz 234 series were primarily built as a further improvement to Germany's reconnaissance vehicles after learning of the effectiveness of said type of vehicle with combat reports of the Sd.Kfz. series 231/232/233.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]]. A respectable armoured car, the {{PAGENAME}} presents great speed and a significant 50 mm KwK39/1 cannon. Due to its status as a light tank, and thus having the ability to scout, it should put more emphasis on its speed to put itself in an advantageous position to sight targets for allies, with its gun only for emergencies should an enemy vehicle try to get an upper hand on the vehicle.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Vision ports)
* Wheel (Tires)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 30 mm (40°) ''Front plate'' <br> 15 mm (70°), 30 mm (55°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 30 mm (35°) ''Lower glacis'' || 8 mm (34-35°) ''Top'' <br> 8 (10-35°) + 4 mm || 10 mm (21°) ''Upper glacis'' <br> 10 mm + 10 mm (46°) ''Lower glacis'' || 15 (20°) ''Driver compartment'' <br> 5 mm ''Crew & engine compartments''
|-
| Turret || 30 mm (20°) ''Turret front'' <br> 30 + 50 mm (conical) ''Gun mantlet'' || 14.5 mm (24-25°) || 14.5 mm (25°) <br> 8 mm (22°) ''Pistol port'' || 8 mm
|-
|}

* Torsion bars and wheels are 10 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 12.7 mm thick.
* Mudguards and storage boxes are 4 mm thick.
* Vision ports on car body are 10 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=325|rbMinHp=186}}

The Puma can reach a speed of around 45 km/h on flat terrain. Thanks to its transmission, it can drive in reverse with the same speed and manoeuvrability. Due to its wheeled design, it struggles in sand, snow, and mud. It is also hard to keep going straight in a line at high speeds. The game does offer some degree of compensation for this via the "Activate Cruise Mode" control binding under the "Tank Driving" subsection. When using Cruise Mode, hold down the desired key you bound its activation to, and steer with mouse movements, this allows pinpoint steering while retaining speed. However, you cannot shoot while using Cruise Mode, so use it wisely.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|KwK.39/1 (50 mm)}}

The Puma fields the 50 mm KwK39/1 cannon, similar to the one in the late Panzer III models, as well as the same ammunition. The cannon was designed for an anti-tank role, and it does its job well. It can select from an APC shell penetrating 106 mm, which should be the main round, two APCR shells with 130 mm and 137 mm penetration respectively (a few of the better ones should be carried into battle, especially if you uptier the Puma, so it might see KV-1s, as well for long-range sniping), and an HE shell which can be used against AA trucks. As the APC shell has no ballistic cap, it might struggle against angled armour, so it is best to go for side shots. With a reload of 4.1 seconds and high velocity shells, this tank can do the job both in close quarters and at long range.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[KwK.39/1 (50 mm)|50 mm KwK.39/1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 55 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 13.3 || 18.4 || 22.4 || 24.8 || 26.4 || rowspan="2" | 4.81 || rowspan="2" | 4.25 || rowspan="2" | 3.92 || rowspan="2" | 3.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.3 || 9.8 || 11.9 || 13.2 || 14.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:KwK.39/1 (50 mm)/Ammunition|PzGr 39, PzGr 40/1, PzGr 40, Sprgr. 38}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! 5th<br>rack empty
! 6th<br>rack empty
! 7th<br>rack empty
! 8th<br>rack empty
! 9th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''55''' || 33 ''(+22)'' || 29 ''(+26)'' || 25 ''(+30)'' || 21 ''(+34)'' || 17 ''(+38)'' || 13 ''(+42)'' || 9 ''(+46)'' || 5 ''(+50)'' || 1 ''(+54)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_Sd.Kfz.234-2.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG42 (7.92 mm)}}

The Puma has a coaxial MG42 that is only useful against exposed crew members.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG42 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG42]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,950 (150) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Puma adopts a lot of typical light tank tactics. To play this vehicle well, you must shoot and scoot. Your fast reload times with a very fast reverse speed makes it ideal for firing around a corner, then backing up and flanking. The tank is very fast on the road; however, it has poor performance off-road, so it is not recommended on desert maps and muddy maps where you can get slowed down by the terrain. Since you have weak armour and a compact crew module, penetrative shots typically result in your destruction. It is advised to not brawl with tanks and to flank whenever possible, using your speed and mobility versus enemy tanks as your armour. Use the terrain to your advantage, firing over hills and making good use of your gun depression. Sidescrape corners and do not hold angles, as you will most likely be destroyed.

The tank's speed in combination with its low spawn cost in RB as a light tank makes it ideal to spawn in at the start of the game and capture the objective in 2 or 3 point domination. This guarantees you spawn points for a respawn and gives you opportunities to flank the enemy.

The real beauty of the Puma is its ability to flank around different parts of the map rapidly. It is extremely manoeuvrable and can traverse most types of terrain very quickly (avoid mud). You should take up a covert play style with this vehicle. Even if you see an enemy, you should only fire at the perfect moment, where you are guaranteed a score. This especially applies to T-34s and KV-1's, where hits to the side or rear are far more effective. This being said, the 5 cm gun is a great gun. It is easy to use, high velocity, accurate and has a good range of ammunition.

Notable enemies you will meet are the [[T-34 (1942)]] and [[M4]] Sherman, along with armoured tanks like the [[Churchill I]], [[Matilda III]], [[Valentine XI]], and the [[KV-1 (L-11)]] These tanks are difficult to penetrate and require advanced knowledge of weak spots, so it is advised to avoid these where possible. Medium tanks are easier to combat if flanked; however, it is not always reliable due to the weak penetration of the PzGr 39 and the poor penetration of sloped armour for PzGr 40.

Out of all the enemies you will meet, the T-34s are probably the biggest threat. The sloped armour is difficult to penetrate, and they have excellent mobility, meaning you will meet them often. The gun is also utterly devastating for the Puma. The high explosive filler and range of shells will make short work of your vehicle. If you encounter an T-34 (any variant), aim for the turret cheeks and take out the gunner. Aiming at the frontal hull armour is unreliable and often results in a ricochet. T-34s are also very, very mobile, so it is best to go for side shots on them if you insist on engaging them.

Shermans also present the problem of sloped frontal armour. The M4A1 isn't as much of an issue, but the M4/M4A2/M4A3 variants are more difficult to penetrate. From the side, Shermans have flat armour and tall profiles. They are easy to destroy when flanked, but they too have exceptionally good mobility, especially cross-country, so they can be even more of a pain to deal with than T-34s. They also have short-stop stabilizers and .50 cals which make them even more of a threat.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The gun is powerful, fast to reload, and can effectively penetrate armour on the M4's front at 200 m. Its APCR has a penetration of up to 128 mm, which is effective against KV-1
* Extremely high forward and reverse speeds make it the fastest vehicle on the road; can get to positions quickly or retreat fast
* Small and narrow frontal profile allows it to hide behind small bushes or rocks; it's also harder to get hit
* Can be a great scout vehicle in higher ranks due to its fast speed. Even the [[M18 GMC]] cannot easily outrun it
* Only 8 mm side armour, meaning some shells will go straight through without being detonated
* Has a wide range of good-looking camouflage to unlock. Suitable for almost every terrain/map
* Has 6 smoke grenades that create a wide frontal screen when launched; very useful when trying to cover up a general area
* Surprisingly durable at times, due to inexperienced players shooting at the front, ignoring the crew member lying in the back
* Gun mantlet is thick and covers most of the turret, which makes the turret surprisingly durable

'''Cons:'''

* Thin armour overall, can get killed by almost anything including artillery strikes, strafing planes and [[M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|.50 cal M2 Browning]]
* Relatively slow turret rotation, combined with the sharp turns at high speed, it is hard to aim
* Relatively low calibre shells tend to bounce off angled armour, angled hull of the [[T-34 (Family)|T-34]] is almost impossible to penetrate
* Compact crew compartment, will be easily destroyed in one shot
* Starts to snake around at high speeds, making it hard to control, needing counter-steering.
* Sluggish mobility on snowy and desert maps, which takes away its mobility advantage
* Cannot turn in place due to wheels
* Smoke grenades can only be launched all at once, which limits its effectiveness
* Vulnerable to overpressure (HE shells, artillery strikes, bombs, and rockets)
* Hard to control at top speed

== History ==

{{:Sd.Kfz.234/2/History}}
== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_sdkfz_234_2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Sights

* [https://live.warthunder.com/post/675135/en/ RideR2's Realistic gunsight (TZF4a, TZF 5a/b/d/e/f/f2, TZF 9b/b1/c/d, TZF 12/a) for Pzkpfw II, Pzkpfw III, Pzkpfw IV, Pzkpfw V, Pzkpfw VI] (Sd.Kfz.234/2 included)

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="250">
File:Sdkfz. 2342 media 1.png|<small>A Sd.Kfz.234/2 engaging an M4A1 Sherman</small>
File:Sdkfz.2342 media 2.png|<small>A Sd.Kfz.234/2 and a T-50 performing a flanking attack on an M4A1 Sherman</small>
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[T18E2]]
* [[AEC Mk II]]
* [[SARC MkVI (2pdr)]]
* [[SARC MkVI (6pdr)]]
* [[AB 43|AB43]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4713-development-sd-kfz-234-2-puma-the-nimble-feline-predator-en|[Devblog] Sd.Kfz 234/2 Puma: The Nimble Feline Predator]]

{{Germany light tanks}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

Talk:Re.2001 gruppo 22

2023-07-29T00:22:48Z

U12423867: Need help on history

I want to personally thank [[User:U31139476|X_pazzo1972_X]] for the fruitful cooperation on this article. We agree that the history section, especially in connection with "Description", could still use some love. He is already working on the gargantuan task of finding and compiling the relevant sources. If you can contribute to this, it would be helpful and sensible to contact him. --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 00:22, 29 July 2023 (UTC)

Talk:15 cm Pz.W.42

2023-07-29T00:11:33Z

U12423867: I always forget the sig

Talk:15 cm Pz.W.42

2023-07-29T00:05:47Z

U12423867: Source for name of ammunition

15 cm Pz.W.42

2023-07-28T23:53:12Z

U12423867:

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_panzerwerfer_42
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' ([[Abbreviations#.28DE.29_Sd.Kfz._Index|Sd.Kfz. Index:]] '''Sd.Kfz. 4/1''') is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.53 "Firestorm"]]. A marked gun sight for the rocket launcher was [[wt:en/game/changelog/current/1229|added shortly after]] Update "Ixwa Strike".

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, rocket launcher mount)
* Structural steel (rocket launcher tubes, undercarriage)
* Wheel (front tires)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 8 mm (6°) ''Engine compartment'' <br> 8 mm (32°) ''Driver cabin''|| 8 mm (31-35°) ''Top'' <br> 8 mm (37°) ''Bottom'' <br> 8 mm (52°) ''Engine vents'' <br> 8 mm + 8 mm (37°) ''Storage bins'' || 8 mm (35°) || 8 mm (7°) ''Engine compartment'' <br> 8 mm
|-
| Rocket launcher || N/A || 10 mm ''Launcher mount'' <br> 8 mm ''Tubes'' || 10 mm ''Launcher mount'' || 8 mm ''Tubes''
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 6 mm thick while tracks are 8 mm thick and torsion bars are 5 mm thick.
* Wheels are 10 mm thick and mudguards are 4 mm thick.
* The belly armour is 8 mm thick.

Armour used on this vehicle is fairly typical of other armoured half-tracks, enough to block rifle-calibre machine guns from most angles, but practically non-existent against any anti-tank weapon. While the large radiator and engine can soak up shrapnel from small HE shells, large shells with a high explosive content can destroy your vehicle quickly with the overpressure damage mechanic.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=97|rbMinHp=60}}

The {{PAGENAME}} has decent mobility for a half-track: it is quick enough to get where you want to or behind cover when in trouble. The top reverse speed is -8 km/h (RB).

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament° ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Wgr.41 Spr}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Wgr.41 Spr|150 mm Wgr.41 Spr rocket]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 20 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+40° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 13.2 || 18.3 || 22.2 || 24.6 || 26.1 || rowspan="2" | 23.40 || rowspan="2" | 20.70 || rowspan="2" | 19.08 || rowspan="2" | 18.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.9 || 10.5 || 12.8 || 14.1 || 15.0
|-
|}

This rocket launcher is mounted to the rear of the vehicle in a 2x5 array, allowing for ten rockets ready to fire.

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Wgr.41 Spr/Ammunition|Wgr.41 Spr}}

There is currently only one ammunition choice for the Pz.W.42. These rockets are heavy and have very high drop, leading to high firing arcs.

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''20''' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Rockets deplete from left to right, top row first and then bottom row.
* It is not possible to select how many rockets to bring into battle.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG42 (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG42 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG42]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 2,500 (150) || 1,200 || -5°/+25° || ±45°
|-
|}

A single MG42 is mounted over the driver compartment. It has a limited traverse but a very fast rate of fire. Its low calibre means that the gun is only really effective against very lightly-armoured enemy ground vehicles or aircraft. The MG can also be used to mark enemies during reloading periods or range targets for the rocket launchers. Because of the mount position, the machine gun can fire over cover, while the Pz.W.42 stays completely hidden. This can be used to destroy enemies like the [[GAZ-MM (72-K)]] without any worry of dangerous return fire.

The MG42 has a loud and distinct sound, alongside bright tracer rounds. Use this gun only for emergency self-defence or against specific targets of opportunity. The MG42 can attract unnecessary attention toward the lightly-armoured vehicle, exposing its position to enemy snipers and attack aircraft.

== Usage in battles ==


The {{PAGENAME}} is a lightly armoured vehicle and can be played as a long-distance tank destroyer or an ambusher.

'''Long Range'''

The first strategy takes advantage of your devastating firepower to disable opponents while staying at a distance, guaranteeing your survivability. The heavy <br>
15-cm-Werfergranate 41 rockets are similar to large-calibre HE shells in damage performance, due to the amount of high-explosive filler. Like HE rounds, these rockets don't lose penetration power over distance. With this advantage, a Pz.W.42 can be used as a mobile artillery piece. The gun sight allows the Panzerwerfer to set an elevation distance to fire at.

One disadvantage of the rockets is that they are extremely heavy, and the rocket drop arc may be tricky for new players to learn. Players may attempt to aim directly at an enemy situated at a reasonable distance away, launch a rocket, and then watch that rocket harmlessly impact the ground far in front of the target. Gain a lot of practice to get used to the rocket arcs. Experienced players can consistently hit targets at range, and can even be able to launch rockets over hills at unsuspecting enemies. Targeting enemies beyond 1,500 m may require the use of the sight distance control feature, or the player may not be able to keep their eyes on the target to make necessary aim corrections.

Another disadvantage of the rockets is that they are naturally inaccurate. Players may need two or three rockets to ensure the destruction of an enemy vehicle. Launch delay is short, but the Pz.W.42 only has ten ready at a time. Keep in mind that terrain irregularities will slow you down and hinder your movement. Position your vehicle carefully when sitting at a shooting spot to be able to hide as soon as you are forced to reload. If your position is compromised, enemy snipers, artillery, and aircraft may be coming your way.

'''Close Range'''

The Pz.W.42's armour isn't strong enough to resist heavy machine gun fire within 500 m, but its rear weapon layout allows you to expose only a small part of your vehicle toward the enemy. In urban combat, the Panzerwerfer can set up excellent ambush positions.

One strategy is to place yourself behind hard cover between buildings close to a perpendicular street. When an enemy vehicle passes by, you can fire a rocket or two into the side of it. You can drag destroyed vehicles to create cover if none exists.

Another strategy is to place yourself at the end of a narrow street behind hard cover. When an enemy vehicle advances up the street, you can fire a few rockets to destroy it. Range find the end of the street to know how much to elevate the launcher. Keep in mind that items like street signs, street lights and small trees in the way may detonate the rocket before it impacts the intended target. You can clear these obstacles by driving over them or shooting them with the [[MG42 (7.92 mm)|MG42]].

'''Notable enemies'''

With its thin armour, any enemy can knock out the 15 cm Pz.W.42, but some stand out for being particularly dangerous:

* The [[Ho-I]], [[StuH 42 G]], [[Sav m/43 (1946)]], [[Chi-Ha LG]] and any other vehicle that can use HEAT or high-calibre HE rounds. These shells can easily overpressure your crew and/or detonate your ammo racks.
* [[M4A3 (105)]]: Foremost, this American medium tank carries a [[M4 (105 mm)|105 mm M4 howitzer]] that can fire both HE and HEAT rounds. These can demolish the Pz.W.42 in one shot. Second of all, the tank carries a powerful [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|.50 cal M2HB]] (12.7 mm) heavy machine gun on the roof. This gun can easily penetrate the Pz.W.42, even at range, knocking out essential crew members quickly. Last, the M4A3 (105)'s armour is thick for the tier, which may allow it to absorb a few shots before destruction.
** When facing this vehicle, attempt to flank it to fire at the weaker side armour on the hull. If aimed carefully, a few rockets can be fired to destroy the barrel, the roof machine gun, and the tracks to stop the vehicle from both moving and firing back. In some cases, hitting the roof above the driver and coaxial machine gunner can cause ammunition detonations if the enemy brought a full load of ammunition. France also uses the [[M4A3 (105) (France)|M4A3 (105)]], so be prepared to face it when France is on the enemy team, double, if the Allies are together.
* SPAA. These can shower you continuously with bullets and even detonate your rockets in flight. While they can be easily destroyed with mg fire or a single rocket, SPAAs can demolish the Pz.W.42 in mere seconds. Take specific note of the [[M15 CGMC]], [[M16 MGMC]], [[ZiS-12 (94-KM)]], [[BTR-152A]], [[AEC AA]], [[So-Ki]], [[CCKW 353 AA]], [[LVT-4/40]], and [[Lvtdgb m/40]]. A few have armour thick enough to stop 7.62 mm rounds.

'''How to defeat a {{PAGENAME}}'''

* It is ill-advised to attack the 15 cm Pz.W.42 frontally when it has rockets loaded. Only engage it once all rockets have been launched and before the Panzerwerfer 42 gets back behind cover.
* If the Panzerwerfer is lurking at a good distance, you can progress under cover towards it. Be aware that rockets have a curved trajectory, so pick your cover accordingly.
* If the Pz.W.42's position is known on the map, artillery strikes and/or airstrikes can get rid of it easily.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fast reload for ten large-calibre rockets
* Easy to aim from long range with the gun sight
* Will deal huge amounts of damage to SPAA and light tanks due to the large blast radius
* High explosive mass for rockets will cripple armoured targets due to overpressure
* Weapon positions allow it to fire from behind cover
* Can fire over hills due to the rocket launch arcs
* Rocket arcs can be used to hit normally inaccessible weak points
* Rockets are capable of destroying heavily-armoured targets through their roofs, such as the [[Churchill I]] and [[M4A3 (105)]]

'''Cons:'''

* Poor penetration (~40 mm)
* Thin armour leads to the vehicle being vulnerable to heavy machine gun fire
* Rocket launch arcs can be hard to learn
* Turret rotation is relatively slow
* Low crew count can lead to the vehicle and essential positions (driver, gunner) being knocked out easily

== History ==


=== Development ===
Production of the 15 cm Pz.W.42 (15 cm Nb.W.41) auf Sf. started in 1942 by the Opel company, based on the Maultier half-track. It was built in series from April 1943 to March 1944, together with the accompanying ammunition vehicle, the Sd.Kfz. 4 Munitionskraftwagen.

Similar to the Soviet [[BM-13N]] "Katyusha" launcher, the Pz.W.42 was used in mass barrage attacks on enemy positions. Also like the Katyusha, the loud, distinct sound of the rockets firing had additional psychological effects. The Panzerwerfer 42 and the related Nebelwerfer launcher gained the nickname "Moaning Minnie" by Allied troops for this reason. Large amounts of these launchers were used throughout 1944 and 1945 on both the Eastern and Western fronts in actions like the Battle of the Bulge and defence of Berlin.

In total, Opel produced 296 Panzerwerfer 42 launchers and 251 Sd.Kfz. 4 ammunition vehicles.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
A modified Nb.Wf.41 ten-barreled rocket-propelled mine-thrower was installed on the adapted chassis of an Opel Maultier tractor trailer enclosed in armour. It was developed in 1942. During its production from 1943 to 1944 about 300 mounts were released. They were widely used by the Wehrmacht. Due to the use of a mine-stabilization system based on rotation, a higher degree of accuracy and lower spread was achieved than that of rocket-propelled projectiles with tailfin stabilization systems.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_panzerwerfer_42 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:PZ-4 F2 alongside 15 cm Pz.W.42.jpg|<small>[[Pz.IV F2]] alongside a {{PAGENAME}}</small>
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|MszMm5Kd6bI|'''Something you don't expect to see when looking at vehicles ammo: Panzerwerfer (15 cm Pz.W.42)''' - ''HowToPlay1337''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Calliope]]
* [[BM-13N]]
* [[BM-8-24]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/814|[Devblog] T25 Medium Tank and Panzerwerfer 42 Auf.Sf]]
* [[wikipedia:Panzerwerfer|[Wikipedia] Panzerwerfer]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/nazi_germany/SdKfz-4_Panzerwerfer.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Sd.Kfz.4 Panzerwerfer]

{{Germany tank destroyers}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}
[[Category:Half-tracks]]

Abbreviations

2023-07-28T23:45:23Z

U12423867: Multiple minor edits. The display of changes is ambiguous, if I broke templates or similar, it would be kind to just revert THESE changes.

‎<span id="Top">‎</span>
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! colspan="4" | Abbreviations per language A-Z (quicklinks)
|-
| style="width: 2.5%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''A'''
| style="width: 47.5%; vertical-align:top;" |
| style="width: 2.5%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''N'''
| style="width: 47.5%; vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''B'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''O'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''C'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Chinese|Chinese]]<br>[[#Czech|Czech]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''P'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Polish|Polish]]
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''D'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''Q'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''E'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#English|English]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''R'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Romanian|Romanian]]<br>[[#Russian|Russian]]
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''F'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Finnish|Finnish]]<br>[[#French|French]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''S'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Spanish|Spanish]]<br>[[#Swedish|Swedish]]
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''G'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#German|German]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''T'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''H'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Hungarian|Hungarian]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''U'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''I'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Italian|Italian]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''V'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''J'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Japanese|Japanese]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''W'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''K'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''X'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''L'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''Y'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''M'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''Z'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|}

= Chinese =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! Chinese abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Chinese">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|Chinese is spoken as a military language in the following countries:

*'''(PRC)''' People's Republic of China

::''Listed as '''(CN)''' Mainland China''

*'''(ROC)''' Republic of China

::''Listed as '''(TW)''' Island of Taiwan''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(CN) Vehicle|(CN) Vehicle]]
** [[#(CN) Air|(CN) Air]]
** [[#(CN) Ground|(CN) Ground]]

'''Weaponry and munition'''

* [[#(CN) Weaponry and munition|(CN) Weaponry and munition]]
* [[#(TW) Weaponry and munition|(TW) Weaponry and munition]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(CN) Manufacturer/Designer|(CN) Manufacturer/Designer]]
* [[#(TW) Manufacturer/Designer|(TW) Manufacturer/Designer]]

'''Military'''

* [[#(CN) Military structure|(CN) Military structure]]
* [[#(TW) Military structure|(TW) Military structure]]
|}

Side note: Due to the usage of ROC year at Taiwan Island, there are sometimes when their documents or thesis from both Mainland China (for conversion) and Taiwan Island which used ROC year in their content.

The easiest way to convert them into western calendar is taking 1911 as ROC 1 (where ROC 100 is 2011 due to the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, instead of the official establishment in 1912/1/).

==(CN) Vehicle ==
=== (CN) Air ===
{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
! colspan="2" |Prefix
! rowspan="2" |Chinese
! rowspan="2" |Full title
! rowspan="2" |Meaning
! rowspan="2" |Example
|-
!First
!Second
|-
|C
|J
|{{Annotation|初教|Chū Jiào}}
|{{Annotation|初级教练机|Chūjí Jiàoliàn jī}}
|Basic Trainer
|CJ-6
|-
|H
| -
|{{Annotation|轰|Hōng}}
|{{Annotation|轰炸机|Hōngzhàjī}}
|Bomber
|[[H-5]]
|-
| rowspan="4" |J
| -
|{{Annotation|歼|Jiān}}
|{{Annotation|歼击机|Jiānjíjī}}
|Fighter/Interceptor
|[[J-6A]]
|-
|H
|{{Annotation|歼轰|Jiān Hōng}}
|{{Annotation|歼击轰炸机|Jiānjí Hōngzhà jī}}
|Fighter-Bomber
|JH-7A
|-
|L
|{{Annotation|教练|JiàoLiàn}}
|{{Annotation|教练机|JiàoLiàn jī}}
|Trainer
|JL-9
|-
|Z
|{{Annotation|歼侦|Jiān Zhēn}}
|{{Annotation|歼击侦察机|Jiānjī Zhēnchá jī}}
|Fighter-Reconnaissance
|JZ-8F
|-
|K
|J
|{{Annotation|空警|Kōng Jǐng}}
|{{Annotation|空中预警机|Kōngzhōng yùJǐng jī}}
|{{Annotation|AEWCS|Airborne Early Warning and Control System}}
|KJ-2000
|-
|Q
| -
|{{Annotation|强|Qiáng}}
|{{Annotation|强击机|Qiángjíjī}}
|Attacker
|[[Q-5A]]
|-
|S
|H
|{{Annotation|水轰|Shuǐ Hōng}}
|{{Annotation|水上轰炸机|Shuǐshàng Hōngzhà jī}}
|Hydroplane Bomber
|SH-5
|-
|Y
| -
|{{Annotation|运|Yùn}}
|{{Annotation|运输机|Yùnshūjī}}
|Transport
|Y-20
|-
|Z
| -
|{{Annotation|直|Zhí}}
|{{Annotation|直升机|Zhíshēngjī}}
|Helicopter
|Z-9
|}

=== (CN) Ground ===
This list is in accordance to the now obsolete GJB 4528-2002 '''《装甲车辆命名规则》''' (Standard Nomenclature Details of Armored Vehicles) accepted on 01/05/2003. A new standard was issued on 01/10/2012 (currently classified). See [[User:U4656018]]'s page.

''(<s>Strikethroughs</s> need further clarification under current naming standards)''

<nowiki>*</nowiki> Due to classifications of wheeled assault guns, PLT02 belongs to artillery corps; while ZLT11 belongs to mechanized corps.<br>
<nowiki>**</nowiki> These vehicles adhere to a different naming convention that is not based on the year.

{| class="wikitable"
! width="15%" | 1st Letter
! width="30%" | 2nd Letter
! width="35%" | 3rd Letter
! width="10%" | Number
! width="10%" | Example
|-
| rowspan="5" |Z – {{Annotation|装甲车辆|Zhuāngjiǎ chēliàng}} – AFV
|B – {{Annotation|步兵战车|Bùbīng zhàn chē}} – IFV
|D – {{Annotation|履带|lǚDài}} – Tracked
L – {{Annotation|轮式|Lúnshì}} – Wheeled
| rowspan="11" |1900-2099
(The first 2 digits can be ignored in normal use)
|[[ZBD86]]
|-
|G – {{Annotation|工程保障车辆|Gōngchéng bǎozhàng chēliàng}} – Engineering support vehicle
|Q – {{Annotation|架桥|jiàQiáo}} – Bridge layer
L – {{Annotation|扫(布)雷|sǎo(bù)Léi}} – Mine sweeper/layer

G – {{Annotation|工程作业车|Gōngchéng zuòyè chē}} – Engineering operation
|ZGQ84

ZGG84
|-
|S – {{Annotation|装甲输送车|zhuāngjiǎ Shūsòng chē}} – APC
|D – {{Annotation|履带|lǚDài}} – Tracked
L – {{Annotation|轮式|Lúnshì}} – Wheeled
|[[ZSD63]]

ZSL92
|-
|T – {{Annotation|坦克|Tǎnkè}} – Tank
|<s>D – {{Annotation|履带|lǚDài}} – Tracked</s>
<s>L – {{Annotation|轮式|Lúnshì}} – Wheeled</s>

Q – {{Annotation|轻型|Qīngxíng}} – Light

Z – {{Annotation|主战/中型坦克|Zhǔ zhàn/zhōngxíng tǎnkè}} – Main battle/medium tank

S – {{Annotation|水陆|Shuǐlù}} – Amphibious ''(literally: Water and land)''
|<s>ZTD05</s>

<s>[[ZLT11|ZTL11]]</s>

[[Type 62|ZTQ62]]

[[ZTZ99]]

[[ZTS63]]
|-
|Z – {{Annotation|战斗勤务车辆|Zhàndòu qínwù chēliàng}} – Combat service vehicle
|Z – {{Annotation|指挥|Zhǐhuī}} – Command
C – {{Annotation|侦察|zhēnChá}} – Scout

T – {{Annotation|通信|Tōngxìn}} – Communication

D – {{Annotation|电子对抗|Diànzǐ duìkàng}} – {{Annotation|ECM|Electronic CounterMeasure}}

M – {{Annotation|密钥加注|Mìyào jiāzhù}} – Battlefield cryptography

F – {{Annotation|防爆|Fángbào}} – {{Annotation|EOD|Explosive Ordnance Disposal}} ''(literally: Anti-explosion)''

X – {{Annotation|综合信息|zònghé Xìnxī}} – Integrated battlefield information
|ZZZ81

ZZC81

<nowiki>**</nowiki>ZZT1
|-
| rowspan="6" |P – {{Annotation|炮|Pào}} – Artillery
|G – {{Annotation|高射炮|Gāoshèpào}} – Anti-aircraft gun ''(literally: High firing gun)''
| rowspan="4" |L – {{Annotation|轮式|Lúnshì}} – Wheeled
Z – {{Annotation|自走|Zìzǒu}} – Self-propelled
|[[PGZ04A]]
|-
|H – {{Annotation|火箭弹|Huǒjiàn dàn}} – Rocket
|PHL03
PHZ89
|-
|L – {{Annotation|榴弹炮|Liúdànpào}} – Howitzer / Gun-mortar ''(literally: grenade gun)''
|PLL05
PLZ05
|-
|T – {{Annotation|突击炮|Tújípào}} – Assault gun
|PTL97
<nowiki>*</nowiki>[[PTL02]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |C – {{Annotation|车载|Chēzài}} – Vehicle-mounted
|L – {{Annotation|榴弹炮|Liúdànpào}} – Howitzer
|PCL09
<nowiki>**</nowiki>PCL181
|-
|P – {{Annotation|迫击炮|Pòjípào}} – Mortar
|<nowiki>**</nowiki>PCP001
|}

Additionally, numerous vehicles come with an "industrial code", such as WZ123 for the ZTZ99 series. These are typically indicative of the manufacturer and purpose of the vehicle, for example the second letter "W" indicates an export model, while most "WZ" series vehicles are intended for domestic service only. There are also numerous variations, including WMZ (e.g. WMZ551), WZG (e.g. WZG121), WXLZ (e.g. WXLZ602), and more.

{| class="wikitable"
! Designation
! Example
|-
| WZ – {{Annotation|五机部装甲车辆|WǔjībùZhuāngjiǎ chēliàng}} – 5th Ministry of Machine Building armoured vehicle
| WZ120 ([[Type 59|ZTZ59]])
|-
| WA - Unknown
| WA320 ([[PTZ89]])
|-
| BW – {{Annotation|包头外贸|Bāotóu Wàimào}} – Baotou Foreign Trade (Export)
| BW121 ([[T-69 II G|ZTZ69-II]])
|-
| BK – {{Annotation|包头科研|Bāotóu Kēyán}} – Baotou Scientific Research
| BK1990
|-
| YW – {{Annotation|永定外贸|Yǒngdìng Wàimào}} – Yongding Foreign Trade (Export)
| YW531 ([[ZSD63]])
|-
| YD - Unknown
| YD801
|-
|}

The Chinese company '''Norinco''' has their own unique designation system for their export vehicles. The meanings of each designation is not strict, as some vehicles within each system have very different roles. Furthermore, vehicles prefixed with "CS/" (e.g. CS/AA5) are not built by Norinco, but instead by other companies such as CSGC or Poly Technologies.

{| class="wikitable"
! Designation
! General Meaning
! Example
|-
| VT
| Tank
| [[ZTZ96A|VT2]]
|-
| VN
| Infantry Fighting Vehicle
| VN17
|-
| VP
| MRAP or Light Tactical Vehicle
| VP22
|-
| VA
| Light Strike Vehicle
| CS/VA1
|-
| VE
| Reconnaissance & Command Vehicle
| VE36
|-
| VS
| Armored Recovery Vehicle
| VS27
|-
| SH
| Self-Propelled Artillery
| SH15
|-
| SM
| Self-Propelled Mortar
| CS/SM4
|-
| SS
| Self-Propelled Mortar
| CS/SS6
|-
| AR
| Guided Rocket Launcher System
| AR3
|-
| SR
| Self-Propelled Rocket Launcher System
| SR4
|-
| ST
| Self-Propelled Anti-Tank Gun
| ST1
|-
| SA
| Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Weapon
| CS/SA5
|-
| AA
| Self-Propelled Multi-Purpose Weapon
| CS/AA5
|-
| SWS
| Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Weapon
| SWS2
|-
|}

== (CN) Weaponry and munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Chinese|'''Back to the Chinese table''']]</div>

=== Penta-Service Weaponries ===
Under a certain standard nomenclature of PLA weaponries since mid-2000s, weapons which are known by their shorten name or codename do in fact have a official name for them, as follows (appendix pending):
{| class="wikitable"
!Alphabet
!Chinese
!Type of weaponry
!Known examples
!Note
|-
|A
|导弹类
|Missiles
|AFT08- [[HJ-8A|HJ-8]]
AFT09- [[HJ-9]]

[[AKD-10]]

AKF088C- YJ-82C/KD-88C
|
|-
|B
|侦查情报类
|Reconnaissance & Intelligence
|
|
|-
|C
|车辆类
|(Wheeled) Vehicles
|Dongfeng CSK131 "Mengshi 猛士"
|''Wheeled vehicles developed by PLA''
|-
|D
|炮弹类
|Ammunitions
|DTC10-125
DTW2-105

DTW2-105
|''including fuse; refer to appendix chart 3-2 of the standard''
|-
|E/
|二炮专用装备类
|SAC (now PLARF) equipment
|
|
|-
|F
|防化类
|NBC
|
|
|-
|G
|工程类
|Engineering
|
|
|-
|H/
|海军专用装备类
|Navy equipment
|H/PJ12- Type 730
|
|-
|J
|机要类
|Confidential
|
|
|-
|K/
|空军专用装备类
|Air Force equipment
|K/LLQ120 land-based radar
|
|-
|L
|雷达类
|Radar
|LLQ120
|
|-
|P
|火炮类
|Artillery
|[[PG99-35-2 (35 mm)|PG99-35-2]]
[[PG87 (25 mm)|PG87]]
|''Refer to appendix chart 3-3 of the standard''
|-
|Q
|枪械类
|Firearms
|[[wikipedia:QBZ-191|QBZ191]]
[[wikipedia:QSZ-92|QSZ92]]

[[wikipedia:QBS-09|QBS09]]
|
|-
|R
|电子对抗类
|ECM
|
|
|-
|S
|技术侦查类
|Surveillance
|
|''Specified purpose''
|-
|T
|通信类
|Communication
|
|
|-
|X
|气象类
|Meteorology
|
|
|-
|Y/
|仪器类
|Instruments
|
|
|-
|Z
|装甲类
|Armored vehicles
|''As above in the vehicle prefixes''
|
|}

===Tank & Artillery Shells===
{| class="wikitable"
! width="20%" | 1st Letter
! width="20%" | 2nd Letter
! width="20%" | 3rd Letter
! width="40%" | Example
|-
| rowspan="9" |D – {{Annotation|弹|Dàn}} – Shell
| rowspan="4" |T – {{Annotation|坦克|Tǎnkè}} – Tank
| B – {{Annotation|爆破|Bàopò}} – Blasting
| DTB1-105 – HE-FS ''(literally: Shell-tank-blast)''
|-
| P – {{Annotation|破甲|Pòjiǎ}} – Breaker
| DTP-125 – HEATFS ''(literally: Shell-tank-breaker)''
|-
| W – {{Annotation|尾翼|Wěiyì}} – Tail
| DTW2-105 – APFSDS ''(literally: Shell-tank-tail)''
|-
| C –
| DTC10-125 – APFSDS
|-
| rowspan="2" | Y – {{Annotation|尾翼|Wěiyì}} – Tail
| W – {{Annotation|稳定|Wěndìng}} – Stable
| DYW1-120 – APFSDS (for anti-tank guns only) ''(literally: Shell-tail-stable)''
|-
| S –
| DYS-120 – HE
|-
| rowspan="3" | K – {{Annotation|防空|Fángkōng}} – Anti-aircraft
| G –
| DKG01A – API-T
|-
| P –
| DKP01A – HEI-T
|-
| Y –
| DKY1 – HE-VT
|-
|}
Additionally, the '''GP''' name (e.g. GP105) is used for guided projectiles, ranging from gun-launched ATGMs to guided artillery munitions. The designation is seen primarily at arms expositions and is unclear whether it is used within the PLA.

On the export market, APFSDS shells are called '''BTA''', such as BTA4 (an export version of DTW125)

===Missiles===
Generally speaking, missiles of all types have a two-letter (two-character) "code name". Most missiles also have alternative designations, such as HJ-10 also being called AFT-10.

* '''FM – {{Annotation|飞蠓|FēiMěng}}''': Export sea and land based SAM ''(literally: Flying midge)''
* '''FN – {{Annotation|飞弩|FēiNǔ}}''': Export MANPADS ''(literally: Flying crossbow)''
** FN-6, domestic version known as HN-6
* '''HF – {{Annotation|火发|HuǒFā}}''': Rocket pod ''(literally: Fire-launching)''
* '''HJ – {{Annotation|红箭|HóngJiàn}}''': Land-based ATGM ''(literally: Red arrow)''
** [[HJ-73E]]
* '''HN – {{Annotation|红缨|HóngyīNg}}''': Domestic MANPADS ''(literally: Red tassel)''
** [[HN-6]], exported as FN-6
* '''(H)HQ – {{Annotation|(海)红旗|(Hǎi)HóngQí}}''': Sea and land-based SAM ''(literally: (Sea) Red banner)'' (from the ideology of ''“三面红旗”'' [Three Red Banners] in the Great Leap Forward)
* '''HY – {{Annotation|海鹰|HǎiYīng}}''': SM (before 1980s) ''(literally: Sea eagle)''
* '''KD – {{Annotation|空地|KòngDì}}''': AGM ''(literally: Air-ground)''
* '''PL – {{Annotation|霹雳||PīLì}}''': AAM ''(literally: Lightning)''
** [[PL-5B]]
* '''QW – {{Annotation|前卫|QiánWèi}}''': A series of MANPADS family in parallel with HN series ''(literally: Vanguard)''
* '''SY – {{Annotation|上游|ShàngYóu}}''': ASM ''(literally: Upstream)'' (from Mao Zedong's ''“鼓足干劲，力争'''上游'''”'' [Go all-out and aim high] slogan in the Great Leap Forward)
* '''TY – {{Annotation|天燕|TiānYàn}}''': Helicopter-carried AAM ''(literally: Sky swallow)''
* '''YJ – {{Annotation|鹰击|YīngJī}}''': Tri-service ASM (after 1980s) ''(literally: Eagle strike)''

== (TW) Weaponry and munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Chinese|'''Back to the Chinese table''']]</div>
{| class="wikitable"
!Character
!Pinyin/Bopomofo (Romanised)
!Literal meaning
!Weapon system
!Examples
|-
|擎
|qíng / ㄑㄧㄥˊ
|to raise
|SRBM up to ICBM
|
|-
|雄
|xióng / ㄒㄩㄥˊ (Hsiung)
|powerful
|Cruise missile
|雄風 Hsiung Feng-2E (HF-2E)
|-
|風
|fēng / ㄈㄥ
|wind
|ASM
|雄風 Hsiung Feng-3 (HF-3)
|-
|玄
|xuán / ㄒㄩㄢˊ (Hsian)
|mysterious
|ECM
|
|-
|劍
|jiàn / ㄐㄧㄢˋ (Chian)
|sword
|AAM
|天劍 Tian Chian-1 (TC-1) – IR AAM
天劍 Tian Chian-2 (TC-2) – ARH AAM
|-
|萬
|wàn / ㄨㄢˋ
|10 thousand
|Cluster munition
|萬劍 Wan Chian cluster bomb dispenser
|-
|迅
|xùn / ㄒㄩㄣˋ (Hsiun)
|rapid
|Naval vessel
|Project 迅海 Hsiun Hai – Tuo Chiang-class corvette
|-
|評/昇
|píng / shēng / ㄆㄧㄥˊ / ㄕㄥ
|evaluate / rise
|Upgrade program
|Project 翔昇 Hsiang Sheng – F-CK-1 (IDF) C/D upgrade
|-
|捷
|jié / ㄐㄧㄝˊ (Che)
|swift
|Land-based system
|捷羚 Che Ling – Antelope Air Defense System
|-
|翔
|xiáng / ㄒㄧㄤˊ (Hsiang)
|to soar
|Aircraft
|Project 安翔 An Hsiang – F-CK-1 (IDF)
|-
|安
|ān / ㄢ
|safe
|AA system
|
|-
|隼
|sǔn / ㄙㄨㄣˇ or ㄓㄨㄣˇ
|falcon
|Missile system
|紅隼 Hong Zhun – Kestrel anti-tank rocket
|}

== (CN) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Chinese|'''Back to the Chinese table''']]</div>
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |'''Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC)''' 中国航空工业集团有限公司; Previously '''Ministry of Aviation Industry''' 航空工业部
|-
!Full name
!Abbreviation
!Factory codes
!City and province
!Products
|-
|'''Changhe Aviation Industries Corporation'''
昌河飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司
|CAIC 昌河
|372
|Jingdezhen, Jiangxi
|Helicopters
|-
|'''Chengdu Aerospace Industry'''
成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司
|CAC 成飞
|132
|Chengdu, Sichuan
|Fighters; UCAVs
|-
|'''Guizhou Aircraft Industry Corporation'''
贵州航空工业（集团）有限责任公司
|GAIC 贵飞
|162
|Anshun, Guizhou
|Trainers
|-
|'''Harbin Aircraft Industry Group'''
哈尔滨飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司
|HAIG Hafei 哈飞
|122
|Harbin, Heilongjiang
|Bombers; helicopters
|-
|'''Hongdu Aircraft Industry Group'''
江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司

'''''Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation'''''

''南昌飞机制造厂''
|HAIG Hongdu 洪都
''Nanchang 南昌''
|320
|Nanchang, Jiangxi
|Attackers; trainers
|-
|'''Shenyang Aircraft Industry'''
沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司
|SAC 沈飞
|112
|Shenyang, Liaoning
|Fighters
|-
|'''Xi'an Aircraft Industry'''
西安飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司
|XAC 西飞
|172
|Xi'an, Shaanxi
|Bombers; transporters; AECWS
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |'''China North Industries Group Corporation Limited; NORINCO''' 中国兵器工业集团有限公司 / 中国北方工业集团有限公司
|-
!Full name
!Factory/institute codes
!City and province
!Products and services
|-
|'''Chongqing Tiema Industry Group'''

重庆铁马工业集团
|256
|Chongqing
|Wheeled APC; amphibious vehicle
|-
|'''Inner Mongolia First Machinery Group'''

内蒙古第一机械集团
|617
|Baotou, Inner Mongolia
|MBT; Light tank; artillery etc.
|-
|'''Jianglu Machinery and Electronics Group Co. Ltd'''

江麓机电集团有限公司
|627
|Xiangtan, Hunan
|Light tank; amphibious vehicle
|-
|'''China North Vehicle Research Institute'''

中国北方车辆研究所
|201
|Beijing
|MBT R&D
|}

* '''CSGC – China South Industries Group Corporation''' 中国南方工业集团公司 (中国兵器装备集团公司)

== (TW) Manufacturer/Designer ==

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |Composition of Taiwan's defence industry
|-
!Full name
!Abbreviation
!Head office location
!Products and services
|-
|'''Aviation Industry Development Corporation (Post-2006)'''

漢翔航空工業股份有限公司

'''''Aviation Industry Development Center (1983-2006)'''''

''航空工業發展中心''
|AIDC 漢翔/航發中心
|Xitun District, Taichung City
|Aircraft; jet engine
|-
|'''National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology'''

國家中山科學研究院
|NCSIST 中科院
|Longtan District, Taoyuan City
|Equipment R&D
|-
|'''Ordnance Research Development Center, ROCA'''
陸軍兵工整備發展中心
|ORDC 兵整中心
|Jiji Township, Nantou County
|Armored vehicle
|}

== (CN) Military structure ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Chinese|'''Back to the Chinese table''']]</div>
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |Head of military development: '''MoDPRC- Ministry of Defense of the People's Republic of China''' 中华人民共和国国防部
|-
! colspan="3" |Supreme command: '''CMC- Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party''' 中国共产党中央军事委员会
|-
! colspan="3" |'''People's Liberation Army''' 中国人民解放军
|-
!Full name
!Abbreviation
!Branches
|-
|'''People's Liberation Army Ground Force'''

中国人民解放军陆军
|PLAGF 陆军
|Army aviation 陆军航空兵
Artillery troops 炮兵

Air Defense troops 防空兵

Armored troops 装甲兵

etc.
|-
|'''People's Liberation Army Air Force'''

中国人民解放军空军
|PLAAF 空军
|Airborne Corps 空降兵军
|-
|'''People's Liberation Army Navy'''

中国人民解放军海军
|PLAN 海军
|Suface forces 水面舰艇部隊
Submarine forces 潜艇部队

Naval Aviation 海军航空兵

Marine Corps 海军陆战队

Coastal defence 岸防部队
|-
|'''People's Liberation Army Rocket Force ''（Post-2016）'''''

中国人民解放军火箭军

'''''Second Artillery Corps （Pre-2016）'''''

''第二炮兵部队''
|PLARF 火箭军

''SAC 二炮''
|Nuclear missile troops 核导弹部队
Conventional missile troops 常规导弹部队

Logistic troops 作战保障部队
|-
|'''People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force'''

中国人民解放军战略支援部队
|PLASSF 战略支援部队
|Network Systems Department 网络系统部

Space Systems Department 航空航天部
|-
|'''Chinese People's Armed Police Force''' （Paramilitary）
中国人民武装警察部队
|PAP 武警
|Coast Guard 海警
|}

== (TW) Military structure ==

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |Supreme command and head of military development: '''MND- Ministry of National Defense, Republic of China''' 中華民國國防部
|-
! colspan="4" |'''Republic of China Armed Forces''' 中華民國國軍
|-
!Commanding unit
!Branches
!Abbreviation
!Sub-branches
|-
|'''Army Headquarters'''

國防部陸軍司令部
|'''Republic of China Army'''

中華民國陸軍
|ROCA 陸軍
|Army Aviation and Special Forces Command 航空特戰指揮部
|-
|'''Air Force Headquarters'''

國防部空軍司令部
|'''Republic of China Air Force'''

中華民國空軍
|ROCAF 空軍
|Air Defense and Artillery Command 防空暨飛彈指揮部
|-
|'''Navy Headquarters'''

國防部海軍司令部
|'''Republic of China Navy'''

中華民國海軍
|ROCN 海軍
|Republic of China Marine Force 海軍陸戰隊
|-
|'''Armed Forces Police Command'''

國防部憲兵指揮部
|'''Republic of China Military Police'''

中華民國憲兵
|MP 憲兵
|N/A
|}

= Czech =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! Czech abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Czech">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|Czech is spoken as a military language in the following countries:

*'''(CS)''' (Former) Czechoslovakia (today Czech republic)
*'''(CZ)''' Czech republic (part of former Czechoslovakia)
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(CS) Vehicle|(CS) Vehicle]]
** [[#(CS) Air|(CS) Air]]
** [[#(CS) Ground|(CS) Ground]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(CS) Manufacturer/Designer|(CS) Manufacturer/Designer]]
|}

== (CS) Vehicle ==

=== (CS) Air ===

* '''C – Cvicna letadla:''' Trainer
* '''S – Stihaci:''' Fighter
** [[Sakeen|S-199]]
* '''CS – Cvicna stihaci:''' Fighter trainer
* '''B – Bitevni letadla:''' Bomber
* '''LB – Lehka bombardovaci:''' Light bomber
* '''CB – Cvicna bitevni:''' Bomber trainer
* '''D – Dopravni:''' Transport
* '''K – Kuryrni:''' Liaison
* '''NK – Nakladni Kluzak:''' Glider
* '''VR – Vrtulník:''' Helicopter

Notes: This system was only adopted in 1945 and used until 1958, replaced later by simply using manufacturer type designations.

=== (CS) Ground ===

* '''LT – Lehký tank:''' Light tank
** LT vz. 38
* '''ST – Střední tank:''' Medium tank
** ST vz. 39
* '''OA – Obrněný automobil:''' Armoured car
* '''vz. – vzor:''' Version

== (CS) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''ČKD – Českomoravská Kolben-Daněk'''
* '''ZB – Zbrojovka Brno'''

= English =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! English abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="English">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|English is spoken as a military language in (among others) the following countries:

*'''(UN)''' Universal
**'''(AU)''' Australia
**'''(CA)''' Canada
**'''(NZ)''' New Zealand
**'''(PH)''' Philippines
**'''(SA)''' South Africa
**'''(UK)''' United Kingdom
**'''(US)''' United States of America
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(UN) Vehicle|(UN) Vehicle]]
** [[#(UN) Ground|(UN) Ground]]
** [[#(UN) Naval|(UN) Naval]]
* [[#(UK) Vehicle|(UK) Vehicle]]
** [[#(UK) Ground|(UK) Ground]]
** [[#(UK) Air|(UK) Air]]
* [[#(US) Vehicle|(US) Vehicle]]
** [[#(US) Ground|(US) Ground]]
** [[#(US) Air|(US) Air]]
*** [[#(US) Army (pre-1962)|(US) Army (pre-1962)]]
*** [[#(US) Navy (pre-1962)|(US) Navy (pre-1962)]]
*** [[#(US) Post 1962|(US) Post 1962]]
** [[#(US) Naval|(US) Naval]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(AU) Manufacturer/Designer|(AU) Manufacturer/Designer]]
* [[#(UK) Manufacturer/Designer|(UK) Manufacturer/Designer]]
* [[#(US) Manufacturer/Designer|(US) Manufacturer/Designer]]
** [[#(US)(Army) Air Force|(US)(Army) Air Force]]
** [[#(US) Navy|(US Navy]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(UK) Weaponry|(UK) Weaponry]]
* [[#(US) Weaponry|(US) Weaponry]]

'''Munition'''

* [[#Munition|Munition]]
** [[#(UK) Munition|(UK) Munition]]
** [[#(US) Munition|(US) Munition]]

'''Military'''

* [[#(AU) Military|(AU) Military]]
* [[#(CA) Military|(CA) Military]]
* [[#(NZ) Military|(NZ) Military]]
* [[#(UK) Military|(UK) Military]]
* [[#(US) Military|(US) Military]]
|}
== (UN) Vehicle ==
=== (UN) Ground ===

* '''AA – Anti-Air'''
* '''AAA – Anti-Air Artillery'''
* '''APC – Armoured Personnel Carrier'''
** [[Type 60 ATM|Type 60 APC]]
* '''CFV – Cavalry Fighting Vehicle'''
** [[M3A3 Bradley|M3A3 CFV]]
* '''IFV – Infantry Fighting Vehicle'''
** [[Type 89 IFV]]
* '''MBT – Main Battle Tank'''
** [[MBT-70]]
* '''MCV – Mobile Combat Vehicle'''
** [[Type 16|Type 16 MCV]]
* '''MGS – Mobile Gun System'''
** [[M1128|M1128 MGS]]
* '''MLRS – Multiple Launch Rocket System'''
** [[Type 75 MLRS]]
* '''RCV – Recon Combat Vehicle'''
** [[Type 87 RCV]]
* '''SAM – Surface-to-Air Missile'''
** [[Type 93|Type 93 SAM]]
* '''SPAA – Self-Propelled Anti-Air (Gun)'''
** [[Type 87|Type 87 SPAA]]
* '''SPG – Self-Propelled Gun'''
* '''SPH – Self-Propelled Howitzer'''
** [[Type 75 SPH]]
* '''SPRG – Self-Propelled Recoilless Gun'''
** [[Type 60 SPRG (C)|Type 60 SPRG]]

=== (UN) Naval ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Country
!Prefix
!Meaning
!Example
|-
|[[File:Australia flag.png|32x32px|Australia]]
|HMAS
|His/Her Majesty's Australian Ship
|[[HMAS Tobruk]]
|-
|[[File:Canada flag.png|32x32px|Canada]]
|HMCS
|His/Her Majesty's Canadian Ship
|[[HMCS Haida]]
|-
|[[File:FRG flag.png|32x32px|Germany]]
|FGS
|Federal German Ship – NATO designation
|[[Lübeck|FGS Lübeck]]
|-
|[[File:Ireland flag.png|32x32px|Ireland]]
|LÉ
|''Long Éireannach'' – Irish ship
|[[LÉ Orla]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Japan flag.png|32x32px|Japan]]
|IJN
|''Imperial Japanese Navy'' – Not official
|[[IJN Shimakaze]]
|-
|JDS
|Japanese Defense Ship
|[[JDS Yūgure (DD-184)|JDS Yūgure]]
|-
|[[File:New Zealand flag.png|32x32px|New Zealand]]
|HMNZS
|His/Her Majesty's New Zealand Ship
|[[HMNZS Leander]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Britain flag.png|32x32px|United Kingdom]]
|HMS
|His/Her Majesty's Ship
|[[HMS Southampton]]
|-
|HMT
|His/Her Majesty's Trawler
|[[HMS Liscomb|HMT Liscomb]]
|-
|HMMGB
|His/Her Majesty's Motor Gun Boat
|[[SGB Grey Fox|HMMGB Grey Fox]]
|-
|[[File:USA flag.png|32x32px|United States of America]]
|USS
|United States Ship
|[[USS Atlanta]]
|}

== (UK) Vehicle ==
=== (UK) Ground ===

* '''A – Armour Index of the General Staff''' (historical index number)
** [[Churchill Mk I|Infantry Tank Mk IV A22 "Churchill" Mk I]]
* '''AVRE – Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers'''
** [[Centurion Mk.5 AVRE]]
* '''FV – Fighting Vehicle''' (modern index number)
** [[FV4202]]

=== (UK) Air ===

* '''F – Fighter'''
** [[Spitfire F Mk 24|Spitfire F.24]]
* '''FR – Fighter-Reconnaissance'''
** [[Firefly FR Mk V|Firefly FR.V]]
* '''FAW – Fighter All-Weather'''
** [[Sea Venom FAW 20]]
* '''FG – Fighter/Ground attack'''
** [[Phantom FG.1]]
* '''FGA – Fighter/Ground Attack'''
** [[Sea Hawk FGA.6]]
* '''FGR – Fighter/Ground attack/Reconnaissance'''
** [[Phantom FGR.2]]
* '''LF – Low-altitude Fighter (Spitfire only)'''
** [[Seafire LF Mk.III|Seafire L.III]]
* '''LF – Low-altitude Fighter (Spitfire only)'''
** [[Spitfire LF Mk IX|Spitfire LF.IX]]
* '''FB – Fighter-Bomber'''
** [[Sea Fury FB 11]]
* '''GR – Ground attack/Reconnaissance'''
** [[Harrier GR.1]]
* '''B – Bomber'''
** [[Lancaster B Mk III|Lancaster B.III]]
* '''B(I) – Bomber (Interdictor)'''
** [[Canberra B (I) Mk 6|Canberra B(I).6]]
* '''MR – Maritime Reconnaissance'''
** [[Shackleton MR.Mk.2|Shackleton MR.2]]
* '''S – Strike (nuclear capability)'''
** [[Buccaneer S.2]]
* '''TB – Torpedo Bomber'''
** [[Hampden TB Mk I|Hampden TB.I]]
* '''TF – Torpedo-Fighter'''
** [[Firebrand TF Mk IV|Firebrand TF.IV]]

== (US) Vehicle ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>
=== (US) Ground ===

* '''T – Trial''' (model)
** [[T14|Assault Tank T14]]: Trial model 14 heavy tank
* '''M – Model'''
** [[M4|Medium Tank, M4 Sherman]]: Model 4 medium tank
* '''A – Advancement'''
** [[M4A1|Medium Tank, M4A1 Sherman]]: Model 4, Advancement 1 medium tank
* '''E – Experimental'''
** [[M4A3E2|Assault Tank M4A3E2 Jumbo]]: Model 4, Advancement 3, Experimental 2 assault tank
* '''W – Wet munition storage'''
** [[M4A2 (76) W]]
* '''HVSS – Horizontal Volute Spring Suspension'''
** [[M4A3 (105)|Medium Tank M4A3 (105) HVSS Sherman]]
* '''LVT – Landing Vehicle, Tracked'''
** [[LVT-4/40]]
* '''(A) – Armored'''
** [[LVT(A)(1)|LVT(A)-1]]
* '''CCKW – General Motors designation:''' C – designed in 1941, C – conventional cab, K – all-wheel drive, W – dual rear axles
** [[CCKW 353 AA]]
* '''HMC – Howitzer Motor Carriage'''
** [[M8 Scott|M8 HMC]]
* '''GMC – Gun Motor Carriage'''
** [[M18 GMC]]
* '''CGMC – Combination Gun Motor Carriage'''
** [[M15A1 CGMC]]
* '''MGMC – Multiple Gun Motor Carriage'''
** [[M16 MGMC]]
* '''HC – Heavy Common'''
** [[M1A1 HC]]
* '''IP – Improved Performance'''
** [[IPM1]]
* '''RISE – Reliability Improved Selected Equipment'''
** [[M60A1 RISE (P)]]
* '''AOS – Add-On Stabilization'''
** [[M60A1 (AOS)]]
* '''TTS — Tank Thermal Sight'''
** [[M60A3 TTS]]
* '''AMBT — Affordable Main Battle Tank'''
** [[M60 AMBT]]

=== (US) Air ===
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>
==== (US) Army (pre-1962) ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Code
!Meaning
!Example
|-
|A
|Attacker
|[[A-26 (Family)|A-26]]
|-
|B
|Bomber
|[[B-17 (Family)|B-17]]
|-
|F
|Fighter
|[[F-100 (Family)|F-100]]
|-
|H
|Helicopter
|[[H-34]]
|-
|P
|Pursuit
|[[P-38 (Family)|P-38]]
|-
|X-
|Experimental
|[[XA-38]]
|-
|Y-
|Pre-production test
|[[YP-38]]
|}

==== (US) Navy (pre-1962) ====
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''A – Attacker'''
** [[AD-4]]
* '''F – Fighter'''
** [[F4F-3]]
* '''BT – Bomber (torpedo)'''
** [[BTD-1]]
* '''P – Patrol'''
** [[PV-2D]]
* '''PB – Patrol Bomber'''
** [[PBY-5a Catalina]]
* '''SB – Scout Bomber (Dive bomber):'''
** [[SB2U-2]]
* '''TB – Torpedo Bomber'''
** [[TBD-1]]
* '''OS – Observation Scout'''
** [[OS2U-1]]: Navy Observation Scout 2, Vought No.1

==== (US) Post 1962 ====

* '''AH – Attack Helicopter'''
** [[AH-1Z]]
* '''UH – Utility Helicopter'''
** [[UH-1B]]

=== (US) Naval ===
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''AM – Minesweeper'''
** [[USS Candid|USS Candid (AM-154)]]
* '''DD – Destroyer'''
** [[USS Fletcher|Fletcher (DD-445)]]
* '''DL – Destroyer Leader'''
** [[USS Wilkinson|USS Wilkinson (DL-5)]]
* '''DE – Destroyer, Escort'''
* '''CL – Cruiser, Light:''' Light cruiser
** [[USS Brooklyn|USS Brooklyn (CL-40)]]
* '''CA – Cruiser, Armoured:''' Heavy cruiser
** [[USS Pensacola|USS Pensacola (CA-24)]]
* '''CV – Cruiser, Voler:''' Aircraft carrier (historically based on aviation cruisers)
** USS Lexington (CV-2)
* '''CB – Cruiser, Battle:''' Battlecruiser
* '''BB – Battleship'''
** [[USS North Dakota|USS North Dakota (BB-29)]]
* '''PF - Patrol Frigate'''
** [[USS Hoquiam|USS Hoquiam (PF-5)]]
* '''PG – Patrol Gunboat'''
** [[PG 02]]
* '''PGH – Patrol Gunboat Hydrofoil'''
** [[PGH-2]]
* '''PGM – Patrol Gunboat Motor''' (later PG)
** [[USS Asheville|USS Asheville (PGM-84)]]
* '''PT – Patrol Torpedo boat'''
** [[PT-20]]
* '''PTF – Patrol Torpedo boat, Fast'''
** [[PTF-7]]
* '''PC – Patrol Chaser'''
** [[PC-451]]
* '''SC – Submarine Chaser'''
** [[SC-497]]
* '''LCT – Landing Craft, Tank'''
* '''LCS – Landing Craft, Support'''
** [[LCS(L)(3)]]
* '''(L) – Large'''
** [[LCS(L)(3)]]
* '''SS – Submarine'''
* '''SSN – Submarine, Nuclear-powered'''
* '''SSBN – Ballistic Missile Submarine, Nuclear-powered'''

== (AU) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''CAC – Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation'''
** [[Boomerang Mk I (Great Britain)|CAC Boomerang Mk I]]
* '''DAP – Department of Aircraft Production'''
** [[Beaufort Mk VIII|DAP Beaufort Mk VIII]]

== (UK) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''AEC – Associated Equipment Company'''
** [[AEC Mk.II]]
* '''BAe – British Aerospace'''
** [[BAe Swingfire]]
* '''G – Gloster'''
** [[Meteor F Mk 8 G.41K]]
* '''MB – Martin-Baker'''
** [[MB.5]]

== (US) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''GMC – General Motors Company''' (not to be confused with Gun Motor Carriage)

=== (US)(Army) Air Force ===

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
!Code
!Manufacturer
!Location
!Example
|-
|AD
|Aero Design & Engineering Co.
|Bethany, OK
|
|-
|AE
|Aeronca
|Middletown, OH
|
|-
|AG
|Air Glider
|Akron, OH
|
|-
|AH
|American Helicopter
|Manhattan Beach, CA
|
|-
|AV
|Avro Canada
|Montreal, QC, Canada
|
|-
|BA
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Bell|Bell Aircraft Co.]]
|Atlanta, GA
|
|-
|BB
|Babcock Aircraft
|DeLand, FL
|
|-
|BC
|Bell Aerosystems
|Buffalo, NY
|
|-
|BE
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Bell|Bell Aircraft Co.]]
|Buffalo, NT
|
|-
|BF
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Bell|Bell Aircraft Co.]]
|Fort Worth, TX
|
|-
|BH
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Beechcraft|Beechcraft Aircraft Co.]]
|Wichita, KS
|
|-
|BL
|Bellanca
|New Castle, DE
|
|-
|BN
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Boeing|Boeing]]
|Renton, WA
|[[B-29A-BN]]
|-
|BO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Boeing|Boeing]]
|Seattle, WA
|
|-
|BR
|Briegleb Sailplane
|Beverley Hills, CA
|
|-
|BS
|Bowlus
|San Francisco, CA
|
|-
|BU
|Budd
|Philadelphia, PA
|
|-
|BV
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Boeing|Boeing]]-Vertol
|Morton, PA
|
|-
|BW
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Boeing|Boeing]]
|Wichita, KS
|
|-
|CA
|Chase Aircraft
|West Trenton, NJ
|
|-
|CC
|Canadian Commercial Corp.
|Toronto, ON, Canada
|
|-
|CE
|Cessna
|Wichita, KS
|
|-
|CF
|Convair / [[Template:AirManufacturer_Consolidated|Consolidated]]-[[Template:AirManufacturer_Vultee|Vultee]]
|Fort Worth, TX
|
|-
|CH
|Christopher Aircraft
|St. Louis, MO
|
|-
|CK
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Curtiss|Curtiss-Wright]]
|Louisville, KY
|
|-
|CL
|Culver
|Wichita, KS
|
|-
|CM
|Commonwealth Aircraft
|Kansas City, MO
|
|-
|CN
|Chase Aircraft
|Willow Run, MI
|
|-
|CO
|Convair / [[Template:AirManufacturer_Consolidated|Consolidated]]-[[Template:AirManufacturer_Vultee|Vultee]]
|San Diego, CA
|[[B-24D-25-CO]]
|-
|CR
|Cornelius
|Dayton, OH
|
|-
|CS
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Curtiss|Curtiss-Wright]]
|St. Louis, MO
|
|-
|CU
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Curtiss|Curtiss-Wright]]
|Buffalo, NY
|[[P-40F-10|P-40F-10-CU¹]]
|-
|CV
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Vought|(Chance) Vought]]
|Dallas, TX
|
|-
|CAN
|Canadair Ltd.
|Canada
|
|-
|DA
|Doak Aircraft
|Torrance, CA
|
|-
|DC
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Douglas|Douglas Aircraft Co.]]
|Chicago, IL
|
|-
|DE
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Douglas|Douglas Aircraft Co.]]
|El Segundo, CA
|
|-
|DH
|De Havilland Canada
|Toronto, ON, Canada
|
|-
|DJ
|SNCA Sud-Ouest
|Marignane, France
|
|-
|DK
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Douglas|Douglas Aircraft Co.]]
|Oklahoma City, OK
|
|-
|DL
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Douglas|Douglas Aircraft Co.]]
|Long Beach, CA
|
|-
|DM
|Doman Helicopter
|Danbury, CT
|
|-
|DO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Douglas|Douglas Aircraft Co.]]
|Santa Monica, CA
|
|-
|DT
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Douglas|Douglas Aircraft Co.]]
|Tulsa, OK
|[[A-26C-45DT|A-26C-45-DT]]
|-
|FA
|Fairchild
|Hagerstown, MD
|
|-
|FB
|Fairchild
|Burlington, NC
|
|-
|FE
|Fleet
|Fort Erie, ON, Canada
|
|-
|FL
|Fleetwings
|Bristol, PA
|
|-
|FO
|Ford
|Willow Run, MI
|
|-
|FR
|Frankfort
|Joliet, IL
|
|-
|FS
|Firestone
|Los Angeles, CA
|
|-
|FT
|Fletcher Aviation
|Pasadena, CA
|
|-
|FIAT
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Fiat|Fiat Aviation]]
|Italy
|[[F-86K (Italy)|F-86K-FIAT¹]]
|-
|GA
|G & A Aircraft
|Willow Grove, PA
|
|-
|GC
|General Motors (Fisher)
|Cleveland, OH
|
|-
|GE
|General Aircraft
|Astoria, Long Island, NY
|
|-
|GF
|Globe
|Fort Worth, TX
|
|-
|GK
|General Motors
|Kansas City, KS
|
|-
|GM
|General Motors (Fisher)
|Detroit, MI
|
|-
|GN
|Gibson Refrigerator
|Greenville, MI
|
|-
|GO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Goodyear|Goodyear Aircraft Co.]]
|Akron, OH
|
|-
|GR
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Grumman|Grumman Aircraft Engineering Co.]]
|Bethpage, Long Island, NY
|
|-
|GT
|Grand Central Aircraft Eng.
|Tucson, AZ
|
|-
|GY
|Gyrodyne Co., of America
|St. James, Long Island, NY
|
|-
|HE
|Helio
|Norwood, MA
|
|-
|HI
|Higgins Aircraft
|New Orleans, LA
|
|-
|HI
|Hiller
|Palo Alto, CA
|
|-
|HO
|Howard Aircraft
|Chicago, IL
|
|-
|HP
|Handey Page
|Radlett, Herts, UK
|
|-
|HS
|Hawker Siddeley Aviation
|Kingston, Surrey, UK
|
|-
|HU
|Hughes Aircraft
|Culver City & San Diego CA
|
|-
|IN
|Interstate A. & Eng.
|El Segundo, CA
|
|-
|KA
|Kaman
|Windsor Locks, CT
|
|-
|KE
|Kellet
|Philadelphia, PA
|
|-
|KM
|Kaiser Manufacturing
|Willow Run, MI
|
|-
|LK
|Laister-Kauffman
|St. Louis, MO
|
|-
|LM
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Lockheed|Lockheed Aircraft]]
|Marietta, GA
|
|-
|LO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Lockheed|Lockheed Aircraft]]
|Burbank, CA
|[[P-38L-5-LO]]
|-
|MA
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Martin|Glenn L. Martin Co.]]
|Baltimore, MD
|
|-
|MC
|[[Template:AirManufacturer McDonnell|McDonnell Aircraft Co.]]
|St. Louis, MO
|
|-
|MD
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Martin|Glenn L. Martin Co.]]
|Baltimore, MD
|
|-
|MF
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Martin|Glenn L. Martin Co.]]
|Orlando, FL
|
|-
|MH
|McCulloch Motors
|Los Angeles, CA
|
|-
|MM
|[[Template:AirManufacturer McDonnell|McDonnell Aircraft Co.]]
|Memphis, TN
|
|-
|MIT
|[[Template:Manufacturer_MHI|Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd.]]
|Japan
|[[F-86F-40 (Japan)|F-86F-40-MIT]]¹
|-
|MO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Martin|Glenn L. Martin Co.]]
|Omaha, NE
|
|-
|NA
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American Aviation]]
|Inglewood, CA
|[[P-51H-5-NA]]
|-
|NC
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American Aviation]]
|Kansas City, KS
|
|-
|ND
|Noorduyn Aviation
|Montreal, QC, Canada
|
|-
|NF
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American Aviation]]
|Fresno, CA
|
|-
|NH
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American Aviation]]
|Columbus, OH
|
|-
|NI
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American Aviation]]
|Downey, CA
|
|-
|NK
|Nash-Kelvinator
|Detroit, MI
|
|-
|NO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Northrop|Northrop Co.]]
|Hawthorne, CA
|[[P-61C-1|P-61C-1-NO¹]]
|-
|NT
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American Aviation]]
|Dallas, TX
|[[P-51C-11-NT (Japan)|P-51C-11-NT]]
|-
|NW
|Northwestern Aeronautical Co.
|St. Paul, MN
|
|-
|OM
|On Mark Engineering
|Van Nuys, CA
|
|-
|PA
|Piper
|Lock Haven, PA
|
|-
|PH
|Piasecki
|Morton, PA
|
|-
|PI
|Piper
|Lockhaven, PA
|
|-
|PI
|Piasecki
|Philadelphia, PA
|
|-
|PL
|Platt-LePage
|Eddystone, PA
|
|-
|PR
|Pratt, Read & Co.
|Deep River, CT
|
|-
|RA
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Republic|Republic Aircraft Co.]]
|Evansville, IN
|[[P-47D-23-RA (China)|P-47D-23-RA]]
|-
|RD
|Read-York
|Kenosha, WI
|
|-
|RE
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Republic|Republic Aircraft Co.]]
|Farmingdale, Long Island, NY
|[[F-84G-21-RE]]
|-
|RI
|Ridgefield Mfg.
|Ridgeville, NJ
|
|-
|RO
|Robertson Aircraft
|St. Louis, MO
|
|-
|RP
|The Radioplane Co.
|Van Nuys, CA
|
|-
|RY
|Ryan Aeronautical
|San Diego, CA
|
|-
|SA
|Stroukoff
|West Trenton, NJ
|
|-
|SE
|Seibel Helicopter
|Wichita, KS
|
|-
|SI
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Sikorsky|Sikorsky Aircraft Co.]]
|Stratford, CT
|
|-
|SL
|St. Louis Aircraft
|St. Louis, MO
|
|-
|SP
|Spartan
|Tulsa, OK
|
|-
|SW
|Schweizer
|Elmira, NY
|
|-
|TA
|Taylorcraft
|Alliance, OH
|
|-
|TE
|Temco
|Dallas, TX
|
|-
|TG
|Texas Engineering & Manufacturing
|Greenville, TX
|
|-
|TI
|Timm
|Van Nuys, CA
|
|-
|TP
|Texas Engineering & Manufacturing
|Grand Prairie, TX
|
|-
|UH
|United Helicopter
|Palto Alto, CA
|
|-
|UN
|Universal Molded Products
|Bristol, VA
|
|-
|VE
|Vega Aircraft Corp.
|Burbank, CA
|[[B-17G-60-VE]]
|-
|VI
|Canadian Vickers
|Montreal, Canada
|
|-
|VL
|Vertol Aircraft
|Morton, PA
|
|-
|VN
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Vultee|Vultee]]
|Nashville, TN
|
|-
|VO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Vought|Chance Vought]]
|Dallas, TX
|
|-
|VU
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Vultee|Vultee]]
|Downey, CA
|
|-
|VW
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Vultee|Vultee]]
|Wayne, MI
|
|-
|WA
|Ward Furniture Co.
|Fort Smith, AR
|
|-
|WI
|Wichita Engineering
|Wichita Falls, TX
|
|-
|WO
|Waco
|Troy, OH
|
|}

Note:

# Not designated as such in-game.

=== (US) Navy ===
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''A – Brewster'''
** [[F2A-1]] Buffalo: Navy Fighter 2, Brewster No. 1
* '''C – Curtiss'''
** [[SB2C-4]] Helldiver: Navy Scout Bomber 2, Curtiss No. 4
* '''D – Douglas'''
** [[SBD-3]] Dauntless: Navy Scout Bomber, Douglas No. 3
* '''F – Grumman'''
** [[F6F-5]] Hellcat: Navy Fighter 6, Grumman No. 5
* '''H – McDonnell'''
** [[F2H-2]] Banshee: Navy (Jet) Fighter 2, McDonnell No. 2
* '''J – North American'''
** [[PBJ-1H]] Mitchell: Navy Patrol Bomber, North American No. 1
* '''M – Martin'''
** [[PBM-3]] Mariner: Navy Patrol Bomber, Martin No. 3
* '''U – Vought''' (military designation)
** [[OS2U-1]] Kingfisher: Navy Observation Scout 2, Vought No.1
* '''V – Vought''' (company designation)
** [[V-156-B1]]
* '''Y – Consolidated'''
** [[PBY-5 Catalina]]: Navy Patrol Bomber, Consolidated No. 5

== (UK) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''BL – Breech-loading''' (cannon): Usually for (naval) guns of 5 inch calibre and upwards.
** [[6 inch/45 BL Mark XII (152 mm)]]
* '''QF – Quick-firing''' (cannon): Usually for (naval) guns of up to 5 inch calibre.
** [[6 inch/50 QF Mark N5 (152 mm)]]
* '''RP – Remote-powered''' (control): System of direct unified control of turrets (RP.10: Hydraulic, RP.50: Electric)
* '''HA – High-angle''' (mount): Mounting for large-calibre AA guns.
* '''CP – Central-pivot''' (mount): Mounting for naval guns.
* '''BD – Between decks''' (mount): Low profile mountings, noticeably for being flush with the flight decks on carriers
* '''STAAG – Stabilized tachymetric anti-aircraft gun''' (mount)
** [[QF STAAG Mark II (40 mm)]]
* '''ADEN – Armament Development Establishment, Enfield'''
** [[ADEN (30 mm)]]
* '''RARDEN – Royal Armament, Research and Development Establishment, Enfield'''
** [[L21A1 (30 mm)|L21A1 RARDEN (30 mm)]]
* '''pdr – Pounder:''' Gun designations based on the pound (lb) weight of their projectiles.
** [[20pdr OQF Mk.I (84 mm)]]
* '''cwt – Hundredweight (centum weight):''' Gun designations based on weight (barrel and breech) in cwt (1 cwt = 112 lb)
** [[OQF 3in 20cwt (76 mm)]] (20 cwt = 2,250 lb)
* '''GO – Gas Operated'''

== (US) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''CITV – Commander Independent Thermal Viewer'''
* '''MCLOS – Manual Command to Line of Sight'''
* '''SACLOS – Semi-Automatic Command to Line of Sight'''
* '''TOW – Tube-launched, Optically-tracked, Wire-guided'''
** [[BGM-71 TOW]]
* '''VADS – Vulcan Air Defense System'''
* '''AN – Army/Navy'''
** [[AN/M2 (20 mm)]]
* '''HB – Heavy Barrel'''
** [[M2HB (12.7 mm)]]

The 1963 tri-service designation system introduced 3-letter codes for all unmanned guided vehicles (missiles, drones, and probes). This is not a complete list and only contains relevant listings.
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;"></div>
{| class="wikitable"
!First Letter (launch environment)
!Second Letter (mission type)
!Third Letter (projectile type)
!Examples
|-
|A – Air-launched
| rowspan="2" |G – Surface-Attack
| rowspan="4" |M – Missile
| rowspan="4" | [[BGM-71A TOW]] <br> [[AIM-9B Sidewinder]] <br> [[AGM-12B Bullpup]] <br> [[Vanguard-class|UGM-133 Trident II]] <br> [[M81 (152 mm)|MGM-51B Shillelagh]] <br> [[MIM146|MIM-146 ADATS]]
|-
|B – Multiple-launched
|-
|M – Mobile-launched
| rowspan="2" |I – Intercept-Aerial
|-
|U – Underwater-launched
|-
|}

== Munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''B – Ball-Point'''
* '''I – Incendiary'''
* '''I-T – Incendiary Tracer'''
* '''IAI – Immediate Action Incendiary'''
* '''FI – Fragmentation Incendiary'''
* '''FI-T – Fragmentation Incendiary Tracer'''
* '''T – Tracer'''
* '''P – Practice'''
* '''PT – Practice Tracer'''
* '''SAP – Semi-Armour-Piercing'''
* '''SAPI – Semi-Armour-Piercing Incendiary'''
* '''AP – Armour-Piercing'''
* '''API – Armour-Piercing Incendiary'''
* '''AP-T – Armour-Piercing Tracer'''
* '''API-T – Armour-Piercing Incendiary Tracer'''
* '''APC – Armour-Piercing Capped'''
* '''APCBC – Armour-Piercing Capped Ballistic Capped'''
* '''APCR – Armour-Piercing Composite Rigid'''
* '''APHE – Armour-Piercing High-Explosive'''
* '''APDS – Armour-Piercing Discarding Sabot'''
* '''APFSDS – Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot'''
* '''HVAP – High-Velocity Armour-Piercing'''
* '''HVAP-T – High-Velocity Armour-Piercing Tracer'''
* '''HE – High-Explosive'''
* '''HEF – High-Explosive Fragmentation'''
* '''HE-I – High-Explosive Incendiary'''
* '''HEFI – High-Explosive Fragmentation Incendiary'''
* '''HEF-T – High-Explosive Fragmentation Tracer'''
* '''HEFI-T – High-Explosive Fragmentation Incendiary Tracer'''
* '''HESH – High-Explosive Squash-Head'''
* '''HEAT – High-Explosive Anti-Tank'''
* '''HEATFS – High-Explosive Anti-Tank Fin-Stabilized'''
* '''ATGM – Anti-Tank Guided Missile'''
* '''GP – General Purpose''' (bomb)
* '''MC – Medium Capacity''' (bomb)
* '''HC – High Capacity''' (bomb)

=== (UK) Munition ===

* '''RP – Rocket Projectile'''
** [[RP-3]]

=== (US) Munition ===

* '''HVAR – High Velocity Aircraft Rocket'''
** [[HVAR]]
* '''FFAR – Forward-Firing Aircraft Rocket or Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket'''
** [[FFAR Mighty Mouse]]
* '''WAFAR – Wrap-Around Fin Aerial Rocket'''
* '''SSWAFAR – Spin-Stabilized Wrap-Around Fin Aerial Rocket'''

== (AU) Military ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''RAAF – Royal Australian Air Force'''

== (CA) Military ==

* '''RCAF – Royal Canadian Air Force'''

== (NZ) Military ==

* '''RNZAF – Royal New Zealand Air Force'''

== (UK) Military ==

* '''RAF – Royal Air Force'''
* '''RN – Royal Navy'''
* '''FAA – Fleet Air Arm:''' Royal Navy Air Force

== (US) Military ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''USAAF – United States Army Air Force'''
* '''USAF – United States Air Force'''
* '''USMC – United States Marine Corps'''
** [[M3A1 (USMC)]]
* '''USN – United States Navy'''
* '''VMF – Marine Fighter Squadron:''' V – Fixed-wing aircraft, M – Marine Corps, F – Fighter
** [[F4U-4B VMF-214]]: Marine Fighter Squadron No. 214
* '''VMA – Marine Attacker Squadron:''' V – Fixed-wing aircraft, M – Marine Corps, A – Attacker

= Finnish =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! Finnish abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Finnish">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(FI) Vehicle|(FI) Vehicle]]
** [[#(FI) Air Force designations|(FI) Air Force designations]]
** [[#(FI) Finnish Armour Registry|(FI) Finnish Armour Registry]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(FI) Weaponry|(FI) Weaponry]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(FI) Manufacturer/Designer|(FI) Manufacturer/Designer]]
|}
== (FI) Vehicle ==
=== (FI) Air Force designations ===
[[File:Finnish_Fokker_D.XXI_WTWallpaper_05.jpg|thumb|Finnish Air Force designations are painted on the side of aircraft and acts as the prefix to their airframe number.]]

;In-Game

* '''BW – Brewster''' (Designation for the Brewster Buffalo model 239 ([[F2A (Family)]]))
** [[B-239 (Sweden)|B-239]]
* '''CU – Curtis''' (Designation for the [[P-36 (Family)|Curtiss Hawk 75 series]])
** '''CUc – Curtis Cyclone''' (Designation for the [[P-36 (Family)|Curtiss Hawk 75 series]] with Wright R-1820 Cyclone engine)
** '''CUw – Curtis Wasp''' (Designation for the [[P-36 (Family)|Curtiss Hawk 75 series]] with Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp engine
*** [[Hawk H-75A-2 (Germany)|▀Hawk H-75A-2]]
* '''FR – Fokker''' (Designation for the Fokker D.XXI series)
** '''FRm – Fokker Mercury''' (Designation for the Fokker D.XXI with Bristol Mercury engine)
*** [[Fokker D.XXI]] series 1
*** [[Fokker D.XXI-3 (Sweden)|okker D.XXI series 3]]
** '''FRw – Fokker Wasp''' (Designation for the Fokker D.XXI with Pratt & Whitney R-1535 Twin Wasp Junior engine)
* '''HC – Hurricane''' (Designation for the Hawker Hurricane series)
** [[Hurricane Mk I/L (Sweden)|▄Hurricane Mk I/L]]
* '''JK – Junkers''' (Designation for the Junkers [[Ju 88 (Family)|Ju 88 series]])
** [[Ju 88 A-4 (Sweden)|▄Ju 88 A-4]]
* '''MG – MiG''' (Designation for the [[MiG-21 (Family)|MiG-21 series]])
** [[MiG-21bis (Sweden)|▄MiG-21bis]]
** '''MGT – MiG Tiedustelu:''' MiG Reconnaissance (Designation for the Finnish reconnaissance version of the [[MiG-21F-13]])
** '''MGBT – MiG Bis Tiedustelu:''' MiG Bis Reconnaissance (Designation for the Finnish reconnaissance version of the [[MiG-21bis]])
* '''MS – Morane-Saulnier''' (Designation for the Morane-Saulnier [[M.S.406C1]], [[M.S.410]])
** '''MSv – Morane-Saulnier VK''' or '''Morane-Saulnier Venäläinen:''' Morane-Saulnier Russian (Designation for the Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 with Russian VK-105 engine)
*** [[Mörkö-Morane]]
* '''MT – Messerschmitt''' (Designation for the Messerschmitt [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109 series]])
** [[Bf 109 G-2 (Sweden)|▄Bf 109 G-2]]
** [[Bf 109 G-6 (Sweden)|▄Bf 109 G-6]]
** [[Bf 109 G-6 Erla (Sweden)|▄Bf 109 G-6 (Erla canopy)]]
* '''PM – Pyörremyrsky''' (Designation for the VL [[Pyörremyrsky]])

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
;Other designations
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* '''BL – Blenheim''' (Designation for the Bristol Blenheim, Mk I, [[Blenheim Mk IV]])
* '''BU – Bulldog''' (Designation for the Bristol Bulldog series)
* '''CA – Caudron''' (Designation for the Caudron [[C.R.714]])
* '''DK – Draken''' (Designation for the Saab 35 Draken series)
* '''DN – Dornier''' (Designation for the Dornier [[Do 17 (Family)|Do 17 series]])
* '''FA – Freccia''' (Designation for the Fiat [[G.50 (Family)|G.50 series]])
* '''FK – Fokker''' (Designation for the Fokker C.X)
* '''GL – Gladiator''' (Designation for the Gloster [[Gladiator (Family)|Gladiator series]])
* '''GN – Gnat''' (Designation for the Folland Gnat)
* '''GT – Gauntlet''' (Designation for the Gloster Gauntlet)
* '''HM – Humu''' (Designation for the VL Humu)
* '''HW – Hawk''' (Designation for the BAE Systems Hawk)
* '''IH – Istrebitel Hävittäjät:''' Istrebitel (Истребитель) Fighter (Designation for the Polikarpov [[I-15 M-22]], [[I-15bis]])
* '''IT – Istrebitel Tiedustelulentokoneet:''' Istrebitel (Истребитель) Reconnaissance aircraft (Designation for the Polikarpov [[I-153 M-62]])
* '''JF – Jaktfalken''' (Designation for the Svenska Aero [[J6B|Jaktfalken series]])
* '''KH – Kittyhawk''' (Designation for the Curtis [[P-40 (Family)|P-40 Kittyhawk series]])
* '''LG – LaGG''' (Designation for the Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov [[LaGG-3 (Family)|LaGG-3 series]])
* '''MY – Myrsky''' (Designation for the VL Myrsky series)
* '''NH – Neuvostoliittolainen Hinauskone:''' Soviet Towing-plane (Designation for the [[IL-28]], IL-28R)
* '''PE – Petlyakov''' (Designation for the Petlyakov [[Pe-2 (Family)|Pe-2 series]] and [[Pe-3 (Family)|Pe-3 series]])
* '''SB – Skorostnoi Bombardirovschik:''' (Скоростной бомбардировщик) High-speed Bomber (Designation for the Tupolev [[SB (Family)|SB 2M series]])
* '''VA – Vampire''' (Designation for the de Havilland Vampire Mk 52)
* '''VH – Venäläinen Hävittäjät:''' Russian Fighter (Early designation for the Polikarpov [[I-15 (Family)|I-15 series]])
* '''VP – Vänäläinen Pommikoneet:''' Russian Bomber (Early designation for the Tupolev [[SB (Family)|SB 2M series]])
* '''VT – Vampire Trainer''' (Designation for the de Havilland Vampire Mk 55)
</div></div>

=== (FI) Finnish Armour Registry ===
{{Notice|Only in-game equipment will be noted.}}
The '''Panssarirekisteri''', translated as ''Armour Registry'' is an index for Finnish armoured vehicles ranging from recovery vehicles, tanks and other.

*Ps. 001 - 099 | Armoured Car
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
;* Ps. 100 - 199 | Light Tank
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* Ps. 141 - [[PT-76 (Sweden)|PT-76B]]
:* Ps. 161 - [[Vickers Mk.E]] (Inc. [[T-26E (Sweden)|T-26E]])
</div></div>
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
;* Ps. 200 - 299 | Tank
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* Ps. 221 - [[Pz.IV (Sweden)|PzKw IV J]]
:* Ps. 231 - [[T-34 (Sweden)|T-34-76]]
:* Ps. 241 - [[T-28 (Sweden)|T-28]]
:* Ps. 245 - [[T-34-85 (Sweden)|T-34-85]]
:* Ps. 251 - [[Charioteer Mk VII (Sweden)|Charioteer Mk VII]]
:* Ps. 252 - [[Comet I (Sweden)|Comet I]]
:* Ps. 262 - [[T-54 (Sweden)|T-54]]
:* Ps. 264 - [[T-72M1 (Sweden)|T-72M1]]
:* Ps. 272 - [[KV-IB (Germany)|KV-1E]]
:* Ps. 273 - [[Leopard 2A4 (Sweden)|Leopard 2A4]]
:* Ps. 274 - [[Leopard 2A6 (Sweden)|Leopard 2A6NL]]
</div></div>

* Ps. 300 - 399 | ... 
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
;* Ps. 400 - 499 | Anti-Air
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* Ps. 455 - ItPsv 41 ([[L-62 ANTI II]])
:* Ps. 461 - ItPsv SU-57 ([[ZSU-57-2 (Sweden)|ZSU-57-2]])
:* Ps. 477 - [[ItO 90M]]
</div></div>
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
;* Ps. 500 - 599 | Self-propelled guns
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* Ps. 511 - [[BT-42]]
</div></div>

* Ps. 600 - 699 | Armoured personnel carriers
* Ps. 700 - 799 | Engineering Vehicles

== (FI) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Finnish|'''Back to the Finnish table''']]</div>

* '''Psv. – Panssarivaunu:''' Tank
** '''Psv.K – Panssarivaunu Kanuuna:''' Tank Cannon
*** '''[[Psv.K/36 (37 mm)|37 Psv.K/36]]''' (Swedish [[Kan m/38 (37 mm)|Kan m/36 (37 mm)]])
*** '''45 Psv.K/32 – 38''' (▂ [[20-K (45 mm)]] model 32 – 38)
*** '''75 Psv.K/40''' (▀ [[KwK40 L48 (75 mm)]] and [[StuK40 L48 (75 mm)]])
*** '''76 Psv.K/27''' (▂ [[L-10 (76 mm)]])
*** '''76 Psv.K/34''' (▂ [[F-32 (76 mm)]])
*** '''76 Psv.K/F-34''' (▂ [[F-34 (76 mm)]])
*** '''76 Psv.K/39''' (▂ [[ZiS-5 (76 mm)]])
*** '''85 Psv.K/44''' (▂ [[ZiS-S-53 (85 mm)]])
*** '''152 Psv.K/37''' (▂ [[ML-20S (152 mm)]])
** '''Psv.H – Panssarivaunu Haupitsi:''' Tank Howitzer
*** '''[[Psv.H/18 (114 mm)|114 Psv.H/18]]''' (British Q.F. 4.5 inch Howitzer Mk 2)
* '''LKk – LentoKonekivääri :''' Aircraft machine gun (literally: Air Machine rifle)
** [[LKk/42_(12.7_mm)|12.7 mm LKk/42 machine gun]]
* '''ItO – Ilmaturjuntaohjus:''' Anti-air missile (literally: Air protection missile)
** [[ItO 90M]] (vehicle named after its weapon system)
* '''ItPsv - Ilmatorjuntapanssarivaunu:''' Anti-air tank (literally: Air protection tank)
** ItPsv 41 ([[L-62 ANTI II]])
** ItPsv SU-57 ([[ZSU-57-2 (Sweden)|ZSU-57-2]])

== (FI) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''IVL – Ilmailuvoimien Lentokonetehdas:''' The Air Force's aircraft factory
* '''VL – Valtion Lentokonetehdas:''' State Aircraft factory
* '''VKT – Valtion Kivääritehdas:''' State Rifle factory

= French =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! French abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="French">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|French is spoken as a military language in (among others) the following countries:

*'''(BE)''' Belgium
*'''(CA)''' Canada
*'''(CH)''' Switzerland
*'''(FR)''' France
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(FR) Vehicle|(FR) Vehicle]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(FR) Weaponry|(FR) Weaponry]]
* [[#(BE) Weaponry|(BE) Weaponry]]

'''Munition'''

* [[#(FR) Munition|(FR) Munition]]

'''Prefix/Suffix'''

* [[#(FR) Prefix/Suffix|(FR) Prefix/Suffix]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(FR) Manufacturer/Designer|(FR) Manufacturer/Designer]]
* [[#(BE) Manufacturer/Designer|(BE) Manufacturer/Designer]]

'''Military'''

* [[#(FR) Military|(FR) Military]]
|}

== (FR) Vehicle ==

* '''Char – Char de bataille:''' Battle tank
** [[Char 25t]]
* '''AMC – Automitrailleuse de Combat:''' Combat machine gun (vehicle)
** [[AMC.34 YR]]
* '''AMD – Automitrailleuse de Découverte:''' Scout machine gun (vehicle)
** [[AMD.35]]
* '''AMR – Automitrailleuse de Reconnaissance:''' Scout machine gun (vehicle)
** [[AMR.35 ZT3]]
* '''AML – Automitrailleuse Légère:''' Light machine gun (vehicle)
** [[AML-90]]
* '''DCA – Défense contre avions:''' Anti-air defence
** [[AMX-30 DCA]]
* '''EBR – Engin Blindé de Reconnaissance:''' Armoured reconnaissance vehicle
** [[E.B.R. (1954)]]
* '''VTT – Véhicule de transport de troupe:''' Armoured personnel carrier (literally: Troop transport vehicle)
* '''CA – Canon d'assaut:''' Tank destroyer (literally: Assault cannon)
** [[CA Lorraine]]
* '''CAu – Canon automoteur:''' Self-propelled gun
** [[SAu 40|CAu SAu 40]]
* '''CC – Chasseur de Chars:''' Tank destroyer (literally: Tank hunter)
** [[Lorraine 37L|CC Lorraine]]
* '''TRC – Tracteur de ravitaillement pour chars:''' Tank supply tractor
* '''RC – Roues-Canon:''' Wheeled gun (carrier)
** [[AMX-10RC]]
* '''Mle – Modèle:''' Model
** [[Mle 1923 (7.5 mm)]]

== (FR) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#French|'''Back to the French table''']]</div>

* '''AAT – Arme Automatique Transformable:''' general-purpose machine gun
* '''SA – Semi-automatique:''' Semi-automatic (cannon)
** [[SA35 L/32 (47 mm)]]
* '''CA – Canon antiaérien:''' Anti-aircraft cannon
* '''CN – Canon:''' cannon (tank)
** [[CN-105-F1 (105 mm)]]
* '''CAD – Canon antiaérien double:''' Twin (mount) anti-aircraft cannon
* '''CAQ – Canon antiaérien quadruple:''' Quad (mount) anti-aircraft cannon
* '''T – Tourelle:''' turret-mounted (aircraft)
** [[MAC 1934T (7.5 mm)]]

== (BE) Weaponry ==

* '''MAG – Mitrailleuse d'Appui Général:''' general support machine gun
** [[FN MAG (7.92 mm)]]
** [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)]]

== (FR) Munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#French|'''Back to the French table''']]</div>

* '''ACRA – Anti-Char Rapide Autopropulsé:'''Anti-Tank Quick Self-propelled (missile)
** [[ACRA (142 mm)]]
* '''Ch.F – Charge Forte:''' (literally: Strong charge) Designates a shell whose propellant charge is bigger than usual shells. Effects are a higher initial speed, increased penetration but more stress and heating for the cannon.
* '''HOT – Haut Subsonique Optiquement Téléguidé:''' High Subsonic, Optical Remote-Guided, Tube-Launched (missile)
** [[HOT]]
* '''OE – Obus Explosif:''' High-explosive shell
* '''OEA – Obus Explosif Acier:''' High-explosive fuzed (AA) shell
* '''OEcl – Obus Eclairant:''' Illumination shell
* '''OPf – Obus Perforant:''' Armour-piercing shell
* '''OPfK – Obus Perforant (avec colorant) K:''' Armour-piercing naval shell (with type K spotting dye)
* '''OFl – Obus Flèche:''' APDS shell (literally: Dart shell)
* '''OCC – Obus Charge Creuse:''' HEAT shell (literally: Hollow charge shell)
* '''PCOT – Perforant Coiffé Ogive Traceur:''' Armour-piercing Capped Tracer shell
* '''POT – Perforant Ogive Traceur:''' Armour-piercing Tracer shell
* '''AA – Air-Air:''' Air-to-air (missile)
** [[AA-20 Nord]]
* '''AS – Air-Sol:''' Air-to-ground (missile)
** [[AS-20 Nord]]
* '''SS – Sol-Sol:''' Ground-to-ground (missile)
** [[SS.11]]
* '''TP – Traceuse Perforante:''' Armour-piercing Tracer shell

== (FR) Prefix/Suffix ==

* '''bis:''' Second (iteration)
** [[B1 bis]]
* '''ter:''' Third (iteration)
** [[B1 ter]]

== (FR) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#French|'''Back to the French table''']]</div>

* '''AMX – Atelier de Construction d'Issy-Les-Moulineaux:''' Issy-Les-Moulineaux construction workshop
** [[AMX-13]]
* '''APX – Atelier de Puteaux'''
* '''ACL – Atelier et Chantiers de la Loire'''
** [[ARL-44 (ACL-1)]]
* '''ARL – Atelier de Construction de Rueil:''' Rueil construction workshop
** [[ARL-44]]
* '''GIAT – Groupement Industriel de l'Armement Terrestre''' Industrial group for land weapon systems
** [[GIAT M781 (30 mm)]]
* '''S/SOMUA – Société d'outillage mécanique et d'usinage d'artillerie:''' Mechanical tooling and artillery machining company
** Char de cavalerie SOMUA 1935 S ([[S.35]])
* '''NC/SNCAC – Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Centre'''
** [[NC.900]]
* '''SA/SNCASE – Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud-Est'''
** [[SA.313B Alouette II]]
* '''SO/SNCASO – Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud-Ouest'''
** [[S.O.8000 Narval]]
* '''FCM – Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée'''
** [[FCM.36]]
* '''DEFA – Direction des Études et Fabrications d'Armes'''
** [[DEFA 551 (30 mm)]]
* '''MAC – Manufacture d'Armes de Châtellerault:''' Châtellerault weapons manufacturer
** [[MAC 1934 (7.5 mm)]]
* '''FL – Fives-Lille'''
** [[M4A1 (FL10)]]
* '''R – Renault'''
** [[R.35 (SA38)]]
* '''H – Hotchkiss'''
** [[H.35]]
* '''L – Lorraine'''
** [[Lorraine 37L]]
* '''D – Dewoitine'''
** Dewoitine [[D.520]]
* '''C/CR – Caudron(-Renault)'''
** Caudron [[C.R.714]]
* '''MS – Morane-Saulnier'''
** Morane-Saulnier [[M.S.405C1]]
* '''F – Farman'''
** Farman [[F.222.2]]
* '''MB – Marcel Bloch''' (renamed to Dassault in 1949)
** Bloch [[M.B.174A-3]]
* '''MD – Marcel Dassault'''
** Dassault [[M.D.452 IIA]]
* '''LeO – Lioré-et-Olivier'''
** Lioré-et-Olivier [[LeO 451 early]]
* '''VG – Arsenal''' (named after Michel Vernisse and Jean Galtier)
** Arsenal [[V.G.33C-1]]
* '''VB – Arsenal''' (named after Michel Vernisse and Michel Badie)
** Arsenal [[VB.10C-1]]
* '''HS – Hispano-Suiza'''
** [[Hispano HS.9 (20 mm)]]

== (BE) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''FN – Fabrique Nationale Herstal''' (National Factory Herstal)
** [[FN M3P (12.7 mm)]]
* '''FRC – Fonderie Royale des Canons''' (Royal Cannon Foundry)
* '''SABCA – Société Anonyme Belge de Constructions Aéronautiques:''' Belgian Limited Company of Aeronautical Constructions
* '''SV – Stampe-Vertongen'''
** '''R – Renard''' (named after Alfred Renard)
*** Renard R.36

== (FR) Military ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#French|'''Back to the French table''']]</div>

* '''BCC – Battalion de Chars de Combat:''' Battle tank battalion
* '''RCC – Régiment de Chars de Combat:''' Battle tank regiment
* '''DCr – Division Cuirassée:''' Armoured division
* '''MN – Marine Nationale:''' French navy (literally: National navy)
* '''FNFL – Forces Navales Françaises Libres:''' Free French naval forces
* '''FAFL – Forces Aériennes Françaises Libres:''' Free French air forces

= German =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! German abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="German">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|German is spoken as a military language in (among others) the following countries:

*'''(AT)''' Austria
*'''(CH)''' Switzerland
*'''(DE)''' Germany
**'''(FRG)''' Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany)
**'''(GDR)''' German Democratic Republic (East Germany)
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(DE) Vehicle|(DE) Vehicle]]
** [[#(DE) Ground|(DE) Ground]]
*** [[#(DE) Sd.Kfz. Index|(DE) Sd.Kfz. Index]]
** [[#(DE) Air|(DE) Air]]
** [[#(DE) Naval|(DE) Naval]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(CH) Weaponry|(CH) Weaponry]]
* [[#(DE) Weaponry|(DE) Weaponry]]

'''Munition'''

* [[#(DE) Munition|(DE) Munition]]

'''Prefix/Suffix'''

* [[#(DE) Prefix/Suffix|(DE) Prefix/Suffix]]
** [[#(DE) Beutepanzers|(DE) Beutepanzers]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(DE) Manufacturer/Designer|(DE) Manufacturer/Designer]]

'''Military'''

* [[#(DE) Military|(DE) Military]]
|}

== (DE) Vehicle ==
=== (DE) Ground ===

;(DE) WWII

* '''Pz. – Panzer:''' Tank (literally: Armour)
** '''Wg. – Wagen:''' Vehicle
** '''Kpfw. – Kampfwagen:''' (literally: Combat vehicle)
*** [[Pz.IV F2|Pz.Kpfw. IV F2]]
** '''J./Jg./Jgd. – Jagd''' Tank destroyer (literally: Hunt)
* '''Sp. – Späh:''' Scout
* '''Bfw. – Befehl(s):''' Command
** [[Bfw. Jagdpanther]]
* '''Stu – Sturm:''' Assault
** '''G – Geschütz:''' Gun
*** [[StuG III A]]
** '''H – Haubitze:''' Howitzer
*** [[StuH 42 G]]
** '''K – Kanone:''' Cannon
*** [[StuK40 L43 (75 mm)]]
*** [[StuK40 L48 (75 mm)]]
* '''Pz.W./Pz.Wfr. – Panzerwerfer:''' Multitple rocket launcher (literally: Armoured launcher)
** [[15 cm Pz.W.42]]
* '''VK – Versuchskonstruktion:''' Trial design (literally: Experimental construction) or '''Vollketten/Vollkettenfahrzeug:''' Fully tracked/Fully tracked vehicle
** [[VK 3002 (M)|VK 30.02 (M)]]
** [[VK 45.01 (P)]]
* '''E – Entwicklung:''' Development (refers to the proposed standardised tank development projects)
** [[E-100]]
* '''Ausf. – Ausführung:''' Model
* '''Fgst. – Fahrgestell:''' Chassis
** [[Flakpanzer 38|Flakpanzer 38, 2 cm, Pz.Fgst.38 (t) Sf.]]
* '''Sf./Sfl. – Selbstfahrlafette:''' Self-propelled gun (literally: Self-propelled carriage)
** [[Pz.Sfl.Ic]]
* '''GW – Geschützwagen:''' (Heavy) self-propelled gun (literally: Gun vehicle)
* '''ZgKw – Zugkraftwagen:''' Truck
* '''Zug – Zugkraftwagen:''' Truck (not to be confused with "Zug", train, or "Zug", platoon)

;(GDR) / (FGR) Post-War

* '''KPz – Kampfpanzer:''' Battle tank
** [[KPz-70]]
* '''SPz – Schützenpanzer:''' Infantry fighting vehicle (literally: Rifleman's tank)
** [[SPz BMP-1]]
* '''SPW — Schützenpanzerwagen:''' Armoured personnel carrier (literally: Rifleman's armoured vehicle)
* '''JPz – Jagdpanzer:''' Tank destroyer (literally: Hunt tank or Hunting tank)
** [[JPz 4-5]]
* '''RakJPz – Raketenjagdpanzer:''' (Missile-carrier based) tank destroyer (literally: Rocket hunt/hunting tank)
** [[RakJPz 2]]
* '''VT – Versuchsträger:''' Test-bed (literally: Experiment carrier)
** [[VT1-2]]

==== (DE) Sd.Kfz. Index====
{{Notice|Only in-game available vehicles & relevant base vehicle are noted down}}
'''{{Annotation|Sonderkraftfahrzeug|special purpose vehicle}}''' (abbreviated '''Sd.Kfz.''') was the ordnance inventory designation used by Nazi Germany during World War II for military vehicles ranging from armoured, tracked & half-tracked.

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Sd.Kfz. 1 – 99:''' Unarmoured half-tracked vehicles:
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:*'''Sd.Kfz. 4''' (Maultier based on 4.5-ton trucks)
:** [[15 cm Pz.W.42|'''Sd.Kfz. 4/2''' (15 cm Pz.W.42)]]
:*'''Sd.Kfz. 6''' (5-ton medium halftrack for engineers)
:** '''{{Annotation|Sd.Kfz. 6/1|AI vehicle}}''' (5-ton medium half-track for the artillery)
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz. 6/2]]''' (self-propelled [[FlaK 36 (37 mm)]])
:*'''Sd.Kfz. 9''' (18-ton heavy half-track)
:** [[8,8 cm Flak 37 Sfl.]] ('''Sd.Kfz.9''' with [[FlaK 37 (88 mm)]])
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Sd.Kfz. 100 – 199:''' Tanks and tank variants, such as tank destroyers and self-propelled artillery:
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 121''': [[Pz.II (Family)|Pz.II Ausf. A – F]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 138''': [[Marder III H]] (75 mm AT-gun)
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 138/2''': [[Jagdpanzer 38(t)]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 139''': [[Marder III]] (76.2 mm AT-gun)
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 140''': [[Flakpanzer 38]](t)
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz. 140/1]]'''
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 141''': [[Panzer III (Family)|Pz.III A – J]] ([[KwK36 (37 mm)]] or [[KwK L/42 (50 mm)]])
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 141/1''': [[Panzer III (Family)|Pz.III J1 – M]] ([[KwK39 (50 mm)]] L/60)
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 141/2''': [[Panzer III (Family)|Pz.III N]] ([[KwK37 (75 mm)]])
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 142''': [[StuG III (Family)|StuG III A – E]] ([[KwK37 (75 mm)]])
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 142/1''': [[StuG III (Family)|StuG III F – G]] ([[StuK40 L43 (75 mm)]] or [[StuK40 L48 (75 mm)]])
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 142/2''': [[StuG III (Family)|StuH 42]] ([[StuH42 (105 mm)]])
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 161''': [[Pz.IV (Family)|Pz.IV A – F1]] ([[KwK37 (75 mm)]])
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 161/1''': [[Pz.IV (Family)|Pz.IV F2 – G]] ([[KwK40 L43 (75 mm)]])
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 161/2''': [[Pz.IV (Family)|Pz.IV G – J]] ([[KwK40 L48 (75 mm)]])
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 161/3''': [[Ostwind]], [[Kugelblitz]], Möbelwagen
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 161/4''': [[Wirbelwind]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 162''': [[Jagdpanzer IV]]
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 162/1''': [[Panzer IV/70(V)]] & [[Panzer IV/70(A)]] (Jagdpanzer IV with [[PaK42 (75 mm)]] L/70)
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 164''': [[Nashorn]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 166''': [[Brummbar]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 171''': [[Panther tank (Family)|Pz.V 'Panther']]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 172''': [[Panther II|Pz.V 'Panther II']]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 173''': [[Jagdpanther]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 181''': [[Tiger I (Family)|Pz.VI 'Tiger']]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 182''': [[Tiger II (Family)|Pz.VI 'Tiger II']]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 184''': [[Ferdinand]] / [[Elefant]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 186''': [[Jagdtiger]]
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Sd.Kfz. 200 – 299:''' Reconnaissance vehicles, armoured cars, armoured personnel carriers, and command tanks:
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* '''Sd.Kfz.221''': (Leichter Panzerspähwagen (M.G.))
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.221 (s.Pz.B.41)]]'''
:* '''Sd.Kfz.222''': (Leichter Panzerspähwagen (2 cm))
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.222]]'''
:* '''[[Sd.Kfz.234 (Family)|Sd.Kfz. 234]]''': (Schwerer Panzerspähwagen)
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.234/1]]'''
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.234/2]]'''
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.234/3]]'''
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.234/4]]'''
:* '''[[Sd.Kfz.251 (Family)|Sd.Kfz. 251]]''': (medium armoured half-track)
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.251/9]]'''
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.251/10]]'''
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.251/21]]'''
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.251/22]]'''
</div></div>

* '''Sd.Kfz. 300+:''' Mine-clearing and demolition charge laying vehicles

=== (DE) Air ===
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#German|'''Back to the German table''']]</div>

* '''StuKa – Sturzkampfflugzeug:''' Dive bomber (literally: Dive fighting aircraft)
* '''PAH – Panzerabwehrhubschrauber:''' Anti-tank helicopter
** [[BO 105 PAH-1]]

=== (DE) Naval ===

* '''Z – Zerstörer:''' Destroyer
** [[Z20 Karl Galster]]
* '''K – Kanonenboot:''' Gun boat
** [[K2]]
* '''T – Torpedoboot:''' Torpedo boat
** [[T31]]
* '''R – Räumboot:''' Mine sweeper
** [[R-41]]
* '''S – Schnellboot:''' Fast attack craft
** [[S-100]]
* '''LS – Leichte-Schnellboot:''' Light fast attack craft
** [[LS 3]]
* '''VS – Versuchs-Schnellboot:''' Experimental fast attack craft
** [[VS-10]]
* '''SF – Siebelfähre:''' Siebel ferry (named after Friedrich Siebel)
** [[SF40 Light]]
* '''AF/AFP – Artilleriefährprahm:''' Artillery ferry barge
** [[AF D1]]
* '''MZ – Mehrzweckboot:''' Multi-purpose boat
** [[MZ1]]
* '''U – Unterseeboot:''' Submarine

== (CH) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#German|'''Back to the German table''']]</div>

* '''KDA''' – '''K'''anone, Kalibergruppe '''D''', Ausführung '''A''': Cannon, calibre group D (30 mm+), variant A (belt-fed)
** [[Oerlikon KDA (35 mm)]]
* '''KAD''' – '''K'''anone, Kalibergruppe '''A''', Ausführung '''D''': Cannon, calibre group A (20 mm), variant D
** [[Oerlikon KAD (20 mm)]]

== (DE) Weaponry ==

* '''FH – Feldhaubitze:''' Field howitzer
* '''IG – Infanteriegeschütz:''' Infantry gun
** [[s.I.G.33 (150 mm)]]
* '''Sfl – Selbstfahrlafette:''' Self-propelled gun (literally: Self-propelled mount/chassis)
* '''KwK – Kampfwagenkanone:''' Tank gun (literally: Combat vehicle cannon)
** [[KwK42 (75 mm)]]
* '''PaK – Panzerabwehrkanone:''' Anti-tank gun (literally: Armour-defence cannon)
** [[PaK39 L48 (75 mm)]]
* '''FlaK/Flak – Flugabwehrkanone/Fliegerabwehrkanone:''' Anti-air gun (literally: Air-defence cannon)
** [[FlaK43 (37 mm)]]
* '''MG – Maschinengewehr:''' Machine gun (literally: Machine rifle)
** [[MG34 (7.92 mm)]]
* '''MG FF – Maschinengewehr Flügel Fest:''' Machine gun wing-fixed
** [[MG FF (20 mm)]]
* '''MG FF/M – Maschinengewehr Flügel Fest/Minengeschoß:''' Machine gun wing-fixed/mineshot
** [[MG FF/M (20 mm)]]
* '''MK – Maschinenkanone:''' Autocannon (literally: Machine cannon), occasionally '''Motorkanone''', cannon firing through an engine
** [[MK 108 (30 mm)]]
* '''SK – Schiffskanone:''' Ship cannon (originally used as Schnellfeuerkanone: Quick-firing cannon during WWI)
** [[SK C/32 (105 mm)]]
* '''TbtK – Torpedobootskanone:''' Torpedo boat cannon (also used for some destroyer turrets/guns)
* '''BK – Bordkanone:''' Board cannon (large calibre guns equipped on aircraft)
** [[BK 3.7 (37 mm)]]
* '''BR – Bordrakete:''' Board rocket (rockets equipped to aircraft)
* '''K – Kanone:''' Cannon
* '''T – Torpedo'''
* '''LT – Lufttorpedo:''' Aerial torpedo (torpedoes used by aircraft)
* '''L/ – Länge:''' Length (refers to calibre-length of gun barrels)
** [[KwK36 (88 mm)|8.8 cm L/56 KwK36]] (barrel length of 56 x 88 mm = 4.928 m)
* '''C/ – Construktionsjahr:''' Year of construction (archaic spelling of Konstruktion)
** [[2 cm/65 C/38 (20 mm)]] (model of 1938)
* '''L – Lafette:''' Gun mount
* '''DopL – Doppellafette:''' Twin gun mount (literally: Double mount)
* '''DrhL – Drehturmlafette:''' Turret gun mount (literally: Turntable turret mount)
* '''Pz.B. – Panzerbüchse:''' Anti-tank rifle (literally: Tank rifled gun)
** [[s.Pz.B.41 (28/20 mm)]]

== (DE) Munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#German|'''Back to the German table''']]</div>

* '''Gr – Granate:''' Grenade (synonymous with both shell and shot)
* '''Br – Brandkörper:''' Incendiary charge (literally: Blaze body)
* '''KGr – Kanonengranate:''' Cannon shell (literally: Cannon grenade)
* '''PzGr – Panzergranate:''' Armour-piercing shell (literally: Armour grenade)
* '''BrGr – Brandgranate:''' Incendiary shell (literally: Fire grenade)
* '''PzBrGr – Panzerbrandgranate:''' Armour-piercing incendiary shell (literally: Armour Fire grenade)
* '''SpGr – Sprenggranate:''' High-explosive fragmentation shell (literally: Burst grenade). Sometimes spelled Sprgr.
* '''PzSpGr – Panzersprenggranate:''' Armour-piercing high-explosive shell (literally: Armour burst grenade)
* '''HlGr – Hohlladungsgranate:''' High-explosive anti-tank shell (literally: Hollow-charge grenade)
* '''Patr – Patrone:''' Bullet
* '''GrPatr – Granatpatrone:''' Shell (for 15 and 20 mm munition)
* '''SC – Sprengbombe Cylindrisch:''' General-purpose bomb (archaic spelling of zylindrisch, literally: Burst bomb, cylindrical)
* '''SD – Sprengbombe Dickwandig:''' Semi-armour-piercing bomb (literally: Burst bomb, thick-walled)
* '''PC – Panzersprengbombe Cylindrisch:''' Armour-piercing high-explosive bomb (literally: Armour-bursting bomb, cylindrical)
* '''PD – Panzersprengbombe Dickwandig:''' Heavy armour-piercing bomb (literally: Armour-bursting bomb, thick-walled)
* '''LFK – Lenkflugkörper:''' (Anti-tank) guided missile (literally: Guided flight body)
* '''F5W – Torpedo designation:''' F – 17.7 inch (450 mm) calibre, 5 – roughly 5 meter length, W – whitehead (German designation of Italian F200/450 torpedo)
* '''G7a/T 1 – Torpedo designation:''' G – 21 inch (533 mm) calibre, 7 – roughly 7 meter length, a – steam propulsion, T 1 – Torpedo model number 1
* '''L'spur – Leuchtspur:''' Tracer
* '''Zerl. – Zerleger:''' Self-destroying (literally: Disassambler)
* '''Fp – Füllpulver:''' Explosive filling (literally: Filling powder)
* '''DM – Deutsches Modell:''' German Model (modern designation to differentiate between American M munition)
* '''Zt.Z – Zeitzünder:''' Time fuse
* '''Lh – Lichtspurhülse:''' Base tracer
* '''Bd.Z – Bodenzünder:''' Base fuse. Sometimes spelled Bdz
* '''m.Hb – mit Haube:''' Capped

== (DE) Prefix/Suffix ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#German|'''Back to the German table''']]</div>

* '''le – leicht/leichte/leichter:''' Light
* '''m — mittlere/mittlerer:''' Medium
* '''s – schwer/schwere/schwerer:''' Heavy
* '''gp – gepanzert:''' Armoured
* '''nA – neuer Art:''' Modernized (literally: New type)
* '''U – Umbau:''' Conversion (kit)
** [[Me 410 A-1/U2]]
* '''R – Rüstsatz:''' Upgrade (kit)
** [[Me 410 B-6/R3]]
* '''/Trop – Tropen:''' Tropic (variant with air filters)
** [[Bf 109 G-2/trop]]
* '''(Mob) – Mobilmachung:''' Mobilization (design modification aimed at simplified and thus faster construction)
** [[Z32|Type 1936A (Mob)]]

=== (DE) Beutepanzer ===
Many foreign vehicles were captured and used by the Germans during the war and dubbed as ''Beutepanzer'' (Lit: Loot Tanks). These would be renamed under German designation, both combat captured and produced within captured countries would follow these designations. Redesignation of both small-arms and cannons follow their own naming and designations. All identification numbers can overlap.

The redesignation of these vehicles would be loosely structured around the overall vehicle type or intended use including for example; year, calibre, pre-existing designation, etc.

* 200 – Armoured Cars
* 300 – Half-tracks
* 400 – Armoured Half-tracks
* 600 – Fully tracked Artillery Tractors
** 630 – Armoured Artillery Tractors
* 700 – Tanks
* 800 – Self-propelled Guns

{| class="wikitable"
!Letter code
!German
!English
|-
|(a)
|amerikanisch
|American
|-
|(b)
|belgisch
|Belgian
|-
|(d)
|dänisch
|Danish
|-
|(e)
|englisch
|English
|-
|(f)
|französisch
|French
|-
|(g)
|griechisch
|Greek
|-
|(h)
|holländisch
|Dutch
|-
|(i)
|italienisch
|Italian
|-
|(j)
|jugoslawisch
|Yugoslavian
|-
|(n)
|norwegisch
|Norwegian
|-
|(ö)
|österreichisch
|Austrian
|-
|(p)
|polnisch
|Polish
|-
|(r)
|russisch
|Russian (Soviet)
|-
|(s)
|schweizerisch
|Swiss
|-
|(t)
|tschechisch
|Czechoslovakian
|-
|(u)
|ungarisch
|Hungarian
|}
Examples:

* In-Game:
** [[Pz.35(t)|Pz.35(t) - (LT-35)]]
** [[LT-38 (Family)|Pz.38(t) - (LT-38)]]
** [[T 34 747 (r) (Germany)|Pz. T-34 747(r) - (T-34)]]
** [[M4 748 (a) (Germany)|Pz. M4 748(a) - (M4)]]
** [[KW II 754 (r) (Germany)|Pz. KV-II 754(r) - (KV-2)]]
** [[KW I C 756 (r) (Germany)|Pz. KV-IC 756(r) - (KV-1 (1942) modified)]]

* Not captured In-Game:
** [[AMD.35|Pz.Sp.Wg. P 204(f) - ('''P'''anhard AMD.35)]]
** [[P.7.T AA|ZgKw. Ci 301(f) - ('''Ci'''troën P.7.T)]]
** [[FCM.36|Pz. FCM 737(f) - (FCM.36)]]
** [[Tetrarch I|Pz. Mk.VII 737(e) - (Tetrach I)]]
** [[P40|Pz. P40 737(i) - (P40/26)]]
** Pz. [[B1 bis|B1]]/[[B1 ter|B2]] 740(f) - (B1 bis/ter)
** [[M43 (Family)|StuG M43 105/25 853(i) - (105/25 M43)]]

* Some Captured Vehicles Wouldn't Be Fully Designated:
** [[Pz.Kpfw. Churchill (Germany)|Inf.Pz. Mk IV(e) - (Churchill)]] <small>In-Game premium</small>
** [[M10 GMC|Jagdpanzer M10(a) - (M10)]] <small>Not captured In-Game</small>

==(DE) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#German|'''Back to the German table''']]</div>

* '''Ar – Arado'''
** [[Ar 234 B-2]]
* '''Bf – Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW):''' Bavarian Aeroplane Factory (renamed to Messerschmitt in 1938)
** [[Bf 109 K-4]]
* '''BMW – Bayerische Motorenwerke:''' Bavarian Motor Factory
* '''Bo – Bölkow''' (from the alternative spelling Boelkow)
** [[BO 105 PAH-1]]
* '''BV – Blohm & Voss'''
** [[BV 238]]
* '''DB – Daimler-Benz'''
** DB 601
* '''Do – Dornier'''
** [[Do 217 E-2]]
* '''Fw – Focke-Wulf'''
** [[Fw 190 A-5]]
* '''Ha – Hamburger Flugzeugbau (HFB)'''
* '''He – Heinkel'''
** [[He 111 H-3]]
* '''Ho – Horten'''
** [[Ho 229 V3]]
* '''Hs – Henschel'''
** [[Hs 129 B-3]]
* '''Ju – Junkers'''
** [[Ju 87 D-5]]
* '''Me – Messerschmitt'''
** [[Me 410 A-1]]
* '''Ta – Focke-Wulf''' (named after Kurt Tank)
** [[Ta 152 C-3]]
* '''Rh – Rheinmetall'''
** [[Rh202 (20 mm)]]
* '''Ru – Ruhrstahl'''
** [[Ru 251]]
* '''(M) – MAN''' (Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg)
** [[VK 3002 (M)|VK 30.02 (M)]]
* '''(P) – Porsche'''
** [[VK 45.01 (P)]]
** [[Tiger II (P)]]
* '''(H) – Henschel'''
** [[Tiger II (H)]]
* '''(A) – Alkett''' (Altmärkische Kettenwerk GmbH)
** [[Panzer IV/70(A)]]
* '''(V) – VOMAG''' (Vogtländische Maschinenfabrik Aktiengesellschaft)
** [[Panzer IV/70(V)]]

== (DE) Military ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#German|'''Back to the German table''']]</div>

* '''KM – Kriegsmarine:''' German navy (literally: War navy)
* '''LW – Luftwaffe:''' German air force (literally: Air weapon)
* '''BW – Bundeswehr:''' (Modern) German army (literally: Federation defence)
* '''RLM – Reichsluftfahrtministerium:''' Ministry of national aviation
* '''OKW – Oberkommando der Wehrmacht:''' High command of the armed forces (Wehrmacht)
* '''JG – Jagdgeschwader:''' Fighter division (literally: hunt division)
* '''NJG – Nachtjagdgeschwader:''' Night fighter division (literally: night hunt division)
* '''ZG – Zerstörergeschwader:''' Heavy fighter division (literally: destroyer division)
* '''KG – Kampfgeschwader:''' Bomber division (literally: fight division)
* '''SKG – Schnellkampfgeschwader:''' Fast bomber division (literally: fast fight division)
* '''StG – Sturzkampfgeschwader:''' Dive bomber division (literally: dive fight division)

= Hungarian =
=== (HU) Manufacturer/Designer ===

* '''MÁVAG – Magyar Királyi Államvasutak Gépgyára:''' Hungarian Royal State Railroads' Machine Factory

= Italian =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! Italian abbreviations (quicklinks)‎<span id="Italian">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(IT) Vehicle|(IT) Vehicle]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(IT) Manufacturer/Designer|(IT) Manufacturer/Designer]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(IT) Weaponry|(IT) Weaponry]]

'''Prefix/Suffix'''

* [[#(IT) Prefix/Suffix|(IT) Prefix/Suffix]]
|}

== (IT) Vehicle ==

* '''P – Pesante:''' Heavy (tank)
** [[P40|P26/40]]: Heavy tank, 26 tons, model 1940
* '''M – Medio:''' Medium (tank)
** [[M15/42]]: Medium tank, 15 tons, model 1942
* '''L – Leggero:''' Light (tank)
** [[L6/40]]: Light tank, 6 tons, model 1930
* '''AB – Autoblinda:''' Armoured car
** [[AB 41]]: Armoured car, model 1941
* '''AS – Autocarro Sahariano:''' Saharan Truck
** [[AS42]]
* '''CV – Carro Veloce:''' Tankette (literally: Fast cart)
** [[L3/33 CC|CV-33]]
* '''R – Ricognizione:''' Reconnaissance (vehicle)
** [[R3 T106 FA]]
* '''SIDAM – Sistema Italiano di Difesa Aerea Mobile:''' Italian system for mobile air-defence
** [[SIDAM 25]]
* '''VCC - Veicolo da Combattimento Corazzato''': Armoured Combat Vehicle
** [[Dardo|VCC Dardo]]
* '''VBC - Veicolo Blindato da Combattimento''': Armoured Fighting Vehicle
** [[VBC (PT2)|VBC (PT-2)]]

== (IT) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Italian|'''Back to the Italian table''']]</div>
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 75%"
! Acronym
! Company
! Note / Translation
! Example
|-
! colspan="4" | Air vehicles
|-
| C.R.
| Caccia Rosatelli
| (Fighter) named after Celestino Rosatelli
| FIAT [[C.R.42 (Family)|C.R.42]]
|-
| B.R.
| Bombardiere Rosatelli
| (Bomber) named after Celestino Rosatelli
| FIAT [[B.R.20 (Family)|B.R.20]]
|-
| G.
|
| named after Giuseppe Gabrielli
| FIAT [[G.50 (Family)|G.50]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | S. <br>S.M.
| Società Anonima Costruzioni<br>Aeronautiche Savoia
| Savoy Aeronautical Constructions Company
| Savoia [[S.81]]
|-
| Marchetti
| named after Alessandro Marchetti
| Savoia-Marchetti [[S.M.79 (Family)|S.M.79]]
|-
| P.
| Piaggio
|
| Piaggio [[P.108 (Family)|P.108]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | M.C.
| (Aeronautica) Macchi
| Aeronautics Machi
| rowspan="2" | Macchi [[C.200 (Family)|M.C.200]]
|-
| Castoldi
| named after Mario Castoldi
|-
| Ba.
| Società Italiana Ernesto Breda
| Italian Company Ernesto Breda
| Breda [[Ba.65 (K.14) L|Ba.65]]
|-
| Re.
| Officine Meccaniche Reggiane SpA
| Technical Bureau Reggiane Subsidiary
| Reggiane [[Re.2000 (Family)|Re.2000]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | CANT Z.
| Cantieri Aeronautici e Navali Triestini
| Aeronautical and naval yard Trieste
| rowspan="2" | CANT [[Z.1007 (Family)|Z.1007]]
|-
| Zappata
| named after Filippo Zappata
|-
| rowspan="2" | Ro.
| Industrie Meccaniche e <br> Aeronautiche Meridionali
| Southern Mechanical and <br> Aeronautical industries
| rowspan="2" | IMAM [[Ro.57 Quadriarma|Ro.57]]
|-
| Aeroplani Romeo
| named after the initial company name <br> (Romeo Aircraft)
|-
! colspan="4" |Helicopters
|-
|AB
|Agusta-Bell
|
|[[AB 205 A-1|AB 205A-1]]
|-
|A
|Agusta
|
|[[A.109EOA-2]]
|-
! colspan="4" | Ground vehicles
|-
| OTO
| Odero-Terni-Orlando
|
| [[OTOMATIC]]
|-
| FIAT
| Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino
| Italian automobile factory Turin
| [[FIAT 6614]]
|-
| OF
| OTO-FIAT
|
| [[OF-40 (Family)|OF-40]]
|-
! colspan="4" | Armament
|-
| SAFAT
| Società Anonima Fabbrica Armi Torino
| Turin arms factory incorporated company
| [[Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)]]
|}

== (IT) Weaponry ==

* '''SR – Senza Rinculo:''' Recoilless (gun)

== (IT) Prefix/Suffix ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Italian|'''Back to the Italian table''']]</div>
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50%"
!Affix
!Meaning
!Translation
!Example
|-
|A
|Artigliere
|Artillery
|[[P.108A serie 2|P.108A]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |AS
|Aerosilurante
|Air torpedo
|[[G.55S]]
|-
|Africa Settentrionale
|North Africa (trop. Filter)
|[[Bf 109 G-14/AS (Italy)|Bf 109 G-14/AS]]
|-
|B
|Bombardiere
|Bomber
|[[P.108 (Family)|P.108B]]
|-
|CB
|Caccia Bombardiere
|Fighter-Bomber
|[[Re.2001 CB]]
|-
|CC
|Contro Carro
|Anti-Tank (rifle)
|[[L3/33 CC]]
|-
|CN
|Caccia Notturno
|Night-Fighter
|[[Re.2001 CN]]
|-
|EC
|Esperimento Cannoni
|Experimental Cannons
|[[C.202EC]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |N
|Normale
|Normal
|[[S.M.79 bis/N (Germany)|S.M.79 bis/N]]
|-
|Nuovo
|New
|[[C.205N2]]
|-
|TM
|Totalmente Modificato
|Completely Modified
|[[S.M.79 bis/T.M]]
|-
|CIO
|Caccia Intercettore Ogni tempo
|Fighter-Interceptor All-time
| rowspan="2" |[[F-104S]]
|-
|CBO
|Caccia Bombardiere Ogni tempo
|Fighter-Bomber All-time
|}

= Japanese =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! colspan="5" | Japanese abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Japanese">‎</span>
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
| colspan="5" style="vertical-align:top;" |Japanese is spoken as a military language in the following countries:

*'''(JP)''' Japan
**'''(IJA)''' Imperial Japanese Army
**'''(IJN)''' Imperial Japanese Navy
**'''(SDF)''' Japanese Self Defense Forces
*'''(MAN)''' (Former) Manchukuo/Manchuria
* And other former puppet states
|-
| colspan="5" style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(JP) Vehicle|(JP) Vehicle]]
** [[#(JP) Air|(JP) Air]]
*** [[#(IJA) Army|(IJA) Army]]
**** [[#(IJA) Nicknames|(IJA) Nicknames]]
*** [[#(IJN) Navy|(IJN) Navy]]
**** [[#(IJN) First letters (role)|(IJN) First letters (role)]]
**** [[#(IJN) Second letters (manufacturers/designers)|(IJN) Second letters (manufacturers/designers)]]
**** [[#(IJN) Full and Model designation|(IJN) Full and Model designation]]
**** [[#(IJN) Official name designation|(IJN) Official name designation]]
*** [[#(SDF) JASDF|(SDF) JASDF]]
** [[#(JP) Ground|(JP) Ground]]
*** [[#(IJA) Army|(IJA) Army]]
**** [[#(IJA) Vehicle type|(IJA) Vehicle type]]
**** [[#(IJA) Order system|(IJA) Order system]]
*** [[#(SDF) JGSDF|(SDF) JGSDF]]
**** [[#(SDF) Prototype designations|(SDF) Prototype designations]]
** [[#(JP) Naval|(JP) Naval]]
*** [[#(IJN) Naming convention|(IJN) Naming convention]]
*** [[#(JMSDF) Naming convention| (JMSDF) Naming convention]]

'''Weaponry and munition'''

* [[#(JP) Weaponry and munition|(JP) Weaponry and munition]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(IJN) Manufacturer/Designer|(IJN) Manufacturer/Designer]]
|-
! colspan="5" |(JP) Calendar and Type Numbers
|-
| colspan="5" |
* Japanese Imperial Year: Starts with the founding of Japan in 660 BC
* Japanese Era Name ({{Annotation|年号|Nengō}}): Literally "year name" are names given to (usually) reign periods of Japanese Emperors.
* Shisaku number: After the shift of using nengō years, the navy re-adopted the use of nengō for their prototype planes to distinguish them from adopted models.
|-
!Year
!Japanese<br>Imperial<br>Year
!Nengō<br>Era
!Type<br>Number
!Shisaku<br>Number
|-
|1868<br>⋮<br>1912||2528<br>⋮<br>2572||'''Meiji 1'''<br>⋮<br>'''Meiji 44'''||'''Type 1'''<br>⋮<br>'''Type 44'''||
|-
|1912<br>⋮<br>1926||2572<br>⋮<br>2586||'''Taishō 1'''<br>⋮<br><small>'''Taishō 15'''</small>||'''Type 1'''<br>⋮<br>'''Type 15'''||
|-
|1927||'''2587'''||Shōwa 2||'''Type 87'''||
|-
|1928||'''2588'''||Shōwa 3||'''Type 88'''||
|-
|1929||'''2589'''||Shōwa 4||[[Type 89 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 89''']]||
|-
|1930||'''2590'''||Shōwa 5||[[Type 90 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 90''']]||
|-
|1931||'''2591'''||''Shōwa 6''||[[Type 91 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 91''']]||''6-Shi''
|-
|1932||'''2592'''||''Shōwa 7''||[[Type 92 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 92''']]||''7-Shi''
|-
|1933||'''2593'''||''Shōwa 8''||[[Type 93 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 93''']]||''8-Shi''
|-
|1934||'''2594'''||''Shōwa 9''||[[Type 94 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 94''']]||''9-Shi''
|-
|1935
|'''2595'''||<small>''Shōwa 10''</small>||[[Type 95 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 95''']]||''10-Shi''
|-
|1936||'''2596'''||<small>''Shōwa 11''</small>||[[Type 96 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 96''']]||''11-Shi''
|-
|1937||'''2597'''||<small>''Shōwa 12''</small>||[[Type 97 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 97''']]||''12-Shi''
|-
|1938||'''2598'''||<small>''Shōwa 13''</small>||[[Type 98 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 98''']]||''13-Shi''
|-
|1939||'''2599'''||<small>''Shōwa 14''</small>||[[Type 99 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 99''']]||''14-Shi''
|-
|1940||'''2600'''||<small>''Shōwa 15''</small>||[[Type 100 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 100''']]<br>[[Type 0 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 0''']]||''15-Shi''
|-
|1941||'''2601'''||<small>''Shōwa 16''</small>||[[Type 1 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 1''']]||''16-Shi''
|-
|1942||'''2602'''||<small>''Shōwa 17''</small>||[[Type 2 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 2''']]||''17-Shi''
|-
|1943||'''2603'''||<small>''Shōwa 18''</small>||[[Type 3 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 3''']]||''18-Shi''
|-
|1944||'''2604'''||<small>''Shōwa 19''</small>||[[Type 4 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 4''']]||''19-Shi''
|-
|1945||'''2605'''||<small>''Shōwa 20''</small>||[[Type 5 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 5''']]||''20-Shi''
|-
! colspan="5" |Post-War
|-
|'''1946'''<br>⋮<br>'''1960'''<br>⋮<br>'''1989'''
|2606<br>⋮<br>2620<br>⋮<br>2649
|Shōwa
|'''Type 46'''<br>⋮<br>[[Type 60 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 60''']]<br>⋮<br>[[Type 89 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 89''']]
|
|-
|'''1989'''<br>'''1990'''<br>⋮<br>'''1993'''<br>⋮<br>'''2019'''
|2649<br>2650<br>⋮<br>2653<br>⋮<br>2679
|Heisei
|[[Type 89 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 89''']]<br>[[Type 90 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 90''']]<br>⋮<br>[[Type 93 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 93''']]<br>⋮<br>'''Type 19'''
|
|-
|'''2019'''<br>⋮<br>'''Present'''
|2679<br>⋮<br>Present
|Reiwa
|'''Type 19'''<br>⋮<br>'''Present'''
|
|}

== (JP) Vehicle ==
=== (JP) Air ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="5" |(JP) Variants (small-scale modifications)
|-
! rowspan="2" | !! rowspan="2" | Heavenly<br>Stems !! colspan="2" | Japanese !! rowspan="2" | Latin<br>equivalent
|-
! Kanji !! Romaji
|-
| 1 || 甲 || コウ || Kō || a
|-
| 2 || 乙 || オツ || Otsu || b
|-
| 3 || 丙 || ヘイ || Hei || c
|-
| 4 || 丁 || テイ || Tei || d
|-
! colspan="5" | Not used in practice
|-
| 5 || 戊 || ボ || Bo || e
|-
| 6 || 己 || キ || Ki || f
|-
| 7 || 庚 || コウ || Kō || g
|-
| 8 || 辛 || シン || Shin || h
|-
| 9 || 壬 || ジン || Jin || i
|-
| 10 || 癸 || キ || Ki || j
|-
! colspan="5" |Other
|-
| colspan="2" |Improved
| 改<br>(改善)
| Kai<br>(Kaizen)
|
|}

==== (IJA) Army ====

* '''Ki – Kitai:''' Airframe
** [[Ki-10-I]] – Army Type 95 Model 1 Fighter
** [[Ki-43-II]] – Army Type 1 Model 2 Fighter

Notes:

* Kitai numbering is purely for Airframe/Prototype indexing. Official designation of planes went through [[#Calender_and_Type_Numbers|Type]] designation + role.
* Japanese names for Army planes are popular nicknames for pilots and civilians alike, as they were popularized with Japanese documentaries and propaganda. Unlike Navy planes, these are not part of the official plane designation.
** Other Japanese nicknames for planes are:

===== (IJA) Nicknames =====

* '''[[Ki-43 (Family)|Ki-43]]''' – ''Hayabusa'' (隼, Peregrine falcon)
* '''[[Ki-44 (Family)|Ki-44]]''' – ''Shoki'' (鍾馗, Demon)
* '''[[Ki-45 (Family)|Ki-45]]''' – ''Toryū'' (屠龍, Dragonslayer)
* '''[[Ki-49 (Family)|Ki-49]]''' – ''Donryū'' (呑龍, Storm Dragon)
* '''[[Ki-61 (Family)|Ki-61]]''' – ''Hien'' (飛燕, Flying Swallow)
* '''[[Ki-67 (Family)|Ki-67]]''' – ''Hiryū'' (飛龍, Flying Dragon)
* '''[[Ki-84 (Family)|Ki-84]]''' – ''Hayate'' (疾風, Gale)
* '''[[Ki-200]]''' – ''Shusui'' (秋水, Sharp Sword)

==== (IJN) Navy ====
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Japanese|'''Back to the Japanese table''']]</div>
In the late 1920s, The navy adopted a short designation naming scheme to indicate the role and manufacturer of the plane.

===== (IJN) First letters (role) =====
{| class="wikitable"
!Letter
!Japanese
!Role
!Example
|-
|A
|{{Annotation|艦上戦闘機|Kanjō Sentō-ki}}
|Carrier-based fighter plane
|[[A6M (Family)|A6M]]
|-
|B
|{{Annotation|艦上攻撃機|Kanjō Kōgeki-ki}}
|Carrier-based attack bomber
|[[B5N2|B5N]]
|-
|C
|{{Annotation|艦上偵察機|Kanjō Teisatsu-ki}}
|Carrier-based reconnaissance plane
|C6N<sup><small>*</small></sup>
|-
|D
|{{Annotation|艦上爆撃機|Kanjō Bakugeki-ki}}
|Carrier-based dive bomber
|[[D4Y (Family)|D4Y]]
|-
|E
|{{Annotation|水上偵察機|Minakami Teisatsu-ki}}
|Ship-based reconnaissance hydroplane
|[[Aichi E13A1|E13A]]
|-
|F
|{{Annotation|水上観測機|Minakami Kansoku-ki}}
|Ship-based observation hydroplane
|[[F1M2|F1M]]
|-
|G
|{{Annotation|陸上攻撃機|Rikujō Kōgeki-ki}}
|Land-based attack bomber
|[[G4M1|G4M]]
|-
|H
|{{Annotation|飛行艇|Hikō-tei}}
|Flying boat
|[[H6K4|H6K]]
|-
|J
|{{Annotation|陸上戦闘機|Rikujō Sentō-ki}}
|Land-based fighter plane
|[[J2M (Family)|J2M]]
|-
|K
|{{Annotation|練習機|Renshū-ki}}
|Trainer
|K10W<sup><small>*</small></sup>
|-
|L
|{{Annotation|輸送機|Yusō-ki}}
|Transport
|L2D<sup><small>*</small></sup>
|-
|M
|{{Annotation|特殊機|Tokushu-ki}}
|Special purpose
|M6A<sup><small>*</small></sup>
|-
|N
|{{Annotation|水上戦闘機|Minakami Sentō-ki}}
|Fighter hydroplane
|[[N1K (Family)|N1K]]
|-
|P
|{{Annotation|陸上爆撃機|Rikujō Bakugeki-ki}}
|Land-based bomber
|[[P1Y1 mod. 11|P1Y]]
|-
|Q
|{{Annotation|哨戒機|Shōkai-ki}}
|Patrol plane
|Q1W<sup><small>*</small></sup>
|-
|R
|{{Annotation|陸上偵察機|Rikujō Teisatsu-ki}}
|Land-based reconnaissance plane
|[[R2Y (Family)|R2Y]]
|-
|S
|{{Annotation|夜間戦闘機|Yakan Sentō-ki}}
|Night fighter
|S1A<sup><small>*</small></sup>
|-
|X
|{{Annotation|実験|Jikken}}
|Experiment (Special Purpose)
|[[Fw 190 (Family)|JXFw]] (Fw 190)
|}

Notes:

* All (But X) can be added to an already existing plane as a suffix to indicate a role refit:
** [[A6M (Family)|A6M-N]]
** [[N1K (Family)|N1K-J]]
* X will always be directly after the first designation, replacing the type-number.
* <sup>*</sup> – Planes that aren't in-game

===== (IJN) Second letters (manufacturers/designers) =====
{| class="wikitable"
!Letter
!Japanese Manufacturer
!Foreign Manufacturer
!Foreign Example
|-
|A
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Aichi|Aichi]]
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American]]
|KXA (NA-16)
|-
|B
|
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Boeing|Boeing]]
|AXB (P-12 / F4B)
|-
|Bu
|
|Bücker
|KXBu (Bü 131)
|-
|C
|
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Consolidated|Consolidated]]
|HXC (P2Y)
|-
|D
|Showa
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Douglas|Douglas]]
[[Template:AirManufacturer Dewoitine|Dewoitine]]

[[Template:AirManufacturer Northrop|Northrop]]
|LXD (DC-4E)
AXD ([[D.500]])

DXD (Northrop BT)
|-
|F
|
|Fairchild
|LXF (Fairchild 91)
|-
|Fw
|
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Focke-Wulf|Focke-Wulf]]
|[[Fw 190 A-5 (Japan)|JXFw]] ([[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190)]]
|-
|G
|Hitachi
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Grumman|Grumman]]
|AXG (Grumman F)
|-
|H
|Hiro
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Hawker|Hawker]]
|AXH ([[Nimrod Mk I|Nimrod]])
|-
|He
|
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Heinkel|Heinkel]]
|AXHe ([[He 100 D-1|He 100]])
|-
|J
|Nihon
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Junkers|Junkers]]
|LXJ ([[B3C|Ju 86]])
|-
|K
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Kawanishi|Kawanishi]]
|Kinner
|LXK (Kinner Envoy)
|-
|M
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Mitsubishi|Mitsubishi]]
|Airspeed
|LXM (Airspeed Envoy)
|-
|N
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Nakajima|Nakajima]]
|
|
|-
|P
|Nihon
|
|
|-
|S
|Sasebo
|
|
|-
|Si
|Showa
|
|
|-
|V
|
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Kawanishi|Vought]]
|AXV (V-141)
|-
|W
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Kyushu|Wanatabe (Kyushu)]]
|
|
|-
|Y
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Yokosuka|Yokosuka]]
|
|
|-
|Z
|Mizuno
|
|
|}

===== (IJN) Full and Model designation =====
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Japanese|'''Back to the Japanese table''']]</div>
After 1929, aircraft of the Japanese navy were designated by [[#Calender_and_Type_Numbers|Type]] designation same as army planes together with model designation to indicate variant information.

* [[A6M3 mod. 22Ko]] – Type 0 Carrier Fighter Model 22A (Kō)
** Model '''<big>2</big>'''2A (Kō) – 2nd airframe / wing refit
** Model 2'''<big>2</big>''' (Kō) – 2nd engine refit
** Model 22'''<big>A (Kō)</big>''' – 1st small-scale refit (armament) <small>(check [[#(JP) Air|Heavenly stems]])</small>

===== (IJN) Official name designation =====
After July 1943, adopted planes got a name instead of a full type and model designation.

<div class="mw-collapsible">
* Fighters: Weather and meteorological names
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
:* Naval fighters: Wind names (usually ending with ''pū'' or ''fū''「風」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
::* [[A7M (Family)|A7M ''Reppū'' (烈風, Strong Wind)]]
::* [[N1K (Family)|N1K ''Kyōfū'' (強風, Strong Wind)]]
::* [[J6K1|J6K ''Jinpū'' (陣風, Squall)]]
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
:* Interceptors: Lightning names (usually ending in ''den''「電」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
::* [[J2M (Family)|J2M ''Raiden'' (雷電, Lightning Bolt)]]
::* [[J5N1|J5N ''Tenrai'' (天雷, Heavenly Thunder)]]
::* [[J7W1|J7W ''Shinden'' (震電, Magnificent Lightning)]]
::* [[N1K (Family)|N1K ''Shiden'' (紫電, Violet Lightning)]]
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
:* Night fighters: Light names (usually ending in ''ko''「光」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
::* [[J1N1|J1N-S ''Gekkō'' (月光, Moonlight)]] <small>(not in-game variant)</small>
::* [[P1Y1 mod. 11|P1Y-S ''Kyokkō'' (極光, Aurora)]] <small>(not in-game variant)</small>
</div></div>

</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Heavy Bombers: Mountains names (usually ending in ''zan''「山」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[B6N (Family)|B6N ''Tenzan'' (天山, Heavenly Mountain)]]
:* [[G5N1|G5N ''Shinzan'' (深山, Deep Mountain)]]
:* [[G8N1|G8N ''Renzan'' (連山, Mountain Range)]]
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Bombers: Star or constellation names (usually ending in ''sei''「星」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[D4Y (Family)|D4Y ''Suisei'' (彗星, Comet)]]
:* [[B7A2|B7A ''Ryūsei (''流星, Shooting Star)]]
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Land-based Bombers: Galaxy names (usually ending in ''ga''「河」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[P1Y1 mod. 11|P1Y ''Ginga'' (銀河, Galaxy)]]
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Patrol: Sea or ocean names (usually ending in ''kai''「海」or ''yo''「洋」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Ki-67 (Family)|Q2M ''Taiyō'' (大洋, Great Sea)]] <small>(not in-game variant (Ki-67))</small>
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Reconnaissance: Cloud names (usually ending in ''un''「雲」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[R2Y (Family)|R2Y ''Keiun'' (景雲, Cirrus Cloud)]]
</div></div>

* Trainers: Trees, plants and flowers

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Transports: Sky names (usually ending in ''ku''「空」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* H8K-L ''Seikū'' (晴空, ''Clear Sky'') <small>(not in-game variant)</small>
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Miscellaneous: Landscape names
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Ki-200|J8M1 ''Shūsui'' (秋水, {{Annotation|Autumn Water|Litteral Translation}} / {{Annotation|Sharp Sword|Poetic Translation}})]] <small>(not in-game variant)</small>
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Purpose-built kamikaze aircraft: Flower names (usually ending in ''ka''「花」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Kikka|Kikka (橘花, Orange Blossom'')'']]
</div></div>
==== (SDF) JASDF ====
Basically based on the US military aircraft naming regulations as the Self-Defense Forces have been established on the basis of the US Military.

;Pre-Fix

* '''X''': Experimental (実験・試作)
** Mitsubishi X-2 ''Shinshin'''

;Mission Role

* '''C''': Cargo (輸送機)
* '''E''': Electronic Warfare (電子戦機)
* '''F''': Fighter (戦闘機)
** Mitsubishi [[F-1]]
* '''K''': Tanker (空中給油)
* '''L''': Liaison (連絡機)
* '''M''': Mine Sweeper (掃海)
* '''O''': Observation (観測)
* '''P''': Patrol (哨戒機)
* '''R''': Reconnaissance (偵察機)
* '''S''': Anti-Submarine (対潜機)
* '''T''': Training (練習機)
** Mitsubishi [[T-2]]
* '''U''': Utility (救難、捜索又は多用途)

;Vehicle Type

* '''H''': Helicopter (ヘリコプター)
** Kawasaki OH-1 ''Ninja''
* '''S''': Seaplane (飛行艇)
* '''V''': VTOL (ティルトローター機)
* '''G''': Glider (グライダー)

== (JP) Ground ==
=== (IJA) Army ===
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Japanese|'''Back to the Japanese table''']]</div>
==== (IJA) Vehicle type ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" |Japanese
! colspan="2" |English
|-
!Romaji
!Katakana
!Kanji
!Literal
!Role
|-
|'''Ke'''
|ケ
|軽 (Kei)
|Light
|Light tank
|-
|'''Chi'''
|チ
|中 (Chū)
|Medium
|Medium tank
|-
|'''O'''
|オ
|大 (Ō)
|Large
|Heavy Tank
|-
|'''Ho'''
|ホ
|砲 (Hō)
|Gun
|SPG
|}
Other (Don't follow order system):

*'''Ka:''' Amphibious (tank) '''(IJN)'''
** [[Ka-Mi|Type 2 Ka-Mi]] (Was named after the designer, Kamishi)
** [[Ka-Chi|Type 3 Ka-Chi]]
** Type 4 Ka-Tsu

* Other:
** [[Ta-Se|Type 98 Ta-Se]] ({{Annotation|'''Ta'''ikū|Anti-air}} {{Annotation|'''Se'''nsha|Tank}})
** [[So-Ki|Type 98 So-Ki]] 
** [[Na-To|Type 5 Na-To]]

==== (IJA) Order system ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Order
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
|-
|Katakana
|イ
|ロ
|ハ
|ニ
|ホ
|ヘ
|ト
|チ
|リ
|ヌ
|ル
|オ
|-
|Romaji
|'''I'''
|'''Ro'''
|'''Ha'''
|'''Ni'''
|'''Ho'''
|'''He'''
|'''To'''
|'''Chi'''
|'''Ri'''
|'''Nu'''
|'''Ru'''
|'''O'''
|}

* The chosen order of vehicles was based on the Japanese poem ''[[wikipedia:Iroha|Iroha (いろは)]]'' in Katakana, which contains each character of the Japanese syllabary exactly once. (A total of 47)
* Early Japanese tanks were designated only by order without a role:
** [[I-Go Ko|Type 89 I-Go]] – 1st model of the Imperial Japanese year 2589 (1929)
** [[Ro-Go|Type 95 Ro-Go]] – 2nd model of the Imperial Japanese year 2595 (1935)
** [[Ha-Go|Type 95 Ha-Go]] – 3rd model of the Imperial Japanese year 2595 (1935)

=== (SDF) JGSDF ===
==== (SDF) Prototype designations ====
2 years after the start of the JSDF (1956) until the 1980s; the JGSDF used 2 letter code prototype codes starting at SS and going further alphabetically:

* '''SS''' – <small>Experimental Tracked Armored Vehicle</small> developed into: [[Type 60 SPRG (C)|Type 60 SPRG]]
* '''ST(A)''' – <small>Experimental Medium {{Annotation|Special Vehicle|Coverword for Tank}}</small> developed into: [[Type 61 (Family)|Type 61 MBT]]
** '''STB ''' developed into: [[Type 74 (Family)|Type 74 MBT]]
* '''SU''' – <small>Experimental Armored Transport</small> developed into: [[Type 60 ATM|Type 60 APC]]
** '''SUB''' developed into: Type 73 APC
* '''SV''' – <small>Experimental Self-Propelled Mortar</small> developed into: Type 60 SPM (81 mm)
* '''SW''' – <small>Experimental Mine-Disposal Vehicle</small>
* '''SX''' – <small>Experimental Self-Propelled Howitzer</small> developed into: Type 60 SPM (107 mm)
* '''SY''' – <small>Experimental Self-Propelled Gun</small> developed into: Type 56 SPH (105 mm)
* '''SZ''' – <small>Experimental Special Transport Vehicle</small>

== (JP) Naval ==
=== (IJN) Naming convention ===
Ships ''usually'' maintain their original name as laid down if a ship-type reclassification / remodel happened.

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Carriers — names related to flying animals, actual or mythological
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* {{Annotation|Shōkaku|AI Vessel}} (翔鶴, Soaring Crane)
</div></div>
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Battleship''' — provinces, or alternate names of Japan
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[IJN Settsu|Settsu]] (摂津, Settsu Province)
:* [[IJN Ise|Ise]] (伊勢, Ise Province)
:* [[IJN Hyuga|Hyūga]] (日向, Hyūga Province)
:* [[IJN Fuso|Fusō]] (扶桑, Fusang (Classical name for Japan))
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Battlecruisers and heavy cruisers''' — mountains
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[IJN Ikoma|Ikoma]] (生駒, Mount Ikoma)
:* [[IJN Kongo|Kongō]] (金剛, Mount Kongō)
:* [[IJN Haruna|Haruna]] (榛名, Mount Haruna)
:* [[IJN Furutaka|Furutaka]] (古鷹, Mount Furutaka)
:* [[IJN Aoba|Aoba]] (青葉, Mount Aoba)
:* [[IJN Myoko|Myōkō]] (妙高, Mount Myōkō)
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Light cruisers''' — river names
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[IJN Kuma|Kuma]] (球磨, River Kuma)
:* [[IJN Isuzu|Isuzu]] (五十鈴, River Isuzu)
:* [[IJN Sendai|Sendai]] (川内, River Sendai)
:* [[IJN Yubari|Yūbari]] (夕張, River Yūbari)
:* [[IJN Agano|Agano]] (阿賀野, River Agano)

* Converted to '''Heavy Cruisers''':

:* [[IJN Kako|Kako]] (加古, River Kako)
:* [[IJN Mogami|Mogami]] (最上, River Mogami)
:* [[IJN Mikuma|Mikuma]] (三隈, River Mikuma)
:* [[IJN Suzuya|Suzuya]] (鈴谷, River Suzuya)
:* [[IJN Tone|Tone]] (利根, River Tone)
</div></div>

* Training cruisers — Shinto shrines

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Destroyers''' — weather, wind, tide, current, wave, moon, season, other natural phenomenon, plants
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Mutsuki]] (睦月, January)
:* [[Satsuki]] (皐月, May)
:* [[Ayanami]] (綾波, Twilled Waves)
:* [[Hatsuharu]] (初春, Early Spring)
:* [[Nenohi]] (子日, New Year Day)
:* [[Yudachi|Yūdachi]] (夕立, Evening Squall)
:* [[Yugumo|Yūgumo]] (夕雲, Evening Clouds)
:* [[Hayanami]] (早波, Early Waves)
:* [[Kiyoshimo]] (清霜, Clear Frost)
:* [[Shimakaze]] (島風, Island Wind)
:* [[Akizuki]] (秋月, Autumn Moon)
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Torpedo boats''': birds
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Chidori]] (千鳥, Plover)
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Submarines — number sequence starting off the Iroha
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* {{Annotation|1st-Class|+ 1,000 t Displacement}}: I-1 — ...
:* {{Annotation|2nd-Class|500 - 1,000 t Displacement}}: Ro-1 — ...
:* {{Annotation|3rd-Class|- 500 t Displacement}}: Ha-1 — ...
</div></div>

* Gunboats: places of scenic beauty and historic interest

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Coast defence ship/Escort ships''': islands
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Syonan|Shōnan]] (昭南, Singapore Island)
</div></div>

* Submarine tenders — whales
* Seaplane tenders — abstract noun, idiomatic word, notable achievement vessels in past war(s)

=== (JMSDF) Naming convention ===
(Note: Unlike the IJN, ship names are in Hiragana instead of Kanji)

* Helicopter destroyers and Helicopter carriers (DDH) — traditional provinces and mountains
* Guided missile destroyers (DDG) — mountains and weather terms

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Small destroyers''' (DD) — weather terms
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[JDS Harukaze (DD-101)]] (はるかぜ, Spring Wind)
:* [[JDS Ayanami (DD-103)]] (あやなみ, Twilled Waves)
:* [[JDS Yūgure (DD-184)]] (ゆうぐれ, Twilight)
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Frigates''' (DE) — rivers (early on weather terms)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Akebono|JDS Akebono (DE-201)]] (あけぼの, Daybreak)
:* [[Ikazuchi|JDS Ikazuchi (DE-202)]] (いかづち, Thunder)
:* [[Isuzu|JDS Isuzu (DE-211)]] (いすず, Isuzu River)
:* [[Chikugo|JDS Chikugo (DE-215)]] (ちくご, Chikugo River)
</div></div>

* Submarines (SS) — ocean currents and legendary auspicious animals
* Replenishment oilers (AOE) — lakes
* Amphibious transport docks and Troopships (LST) — peninsulas

== (JP) Weaponry and munition ==
{{main|Japan Bombs General Information}}

Like most Japanese military equipment, weapons and munitions are usually just designated with by '''Type-designation''' + '''Role'''.

== (IJN) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Japanese|'''Back to the Japanese table''']]</div>

* '''HI / BI:''' Vickers (UK)
** 7.7 mm/94 (0.303") "HI" Type
** 12 mm/62 (0.50") "HI" Type, based on the MG Mark III
** [[40 mm/62 "HI" Type 91 AA (40 mm)|40 mm/62 (1.575") "HI" Type]], based on the QF 2pdr Mk VIII (Otherwise designated as [[40 mm/62 "HI" Type 91 AA (40 mm)|Type 91]])
* '''RU:''' Lewis (UK)
** 7.7 mm/87 (0.303") "RU" Type, based on the .303 in Lewis MG (Otherwise designated as [[Type 92 (7.7 mm)|Type 92]])
* '''KA:''' Canet (FR)
** 12.6"/38 (32 cm) "KA" Type, based on the Canet 34 cm Model 1880 (Otherwise designated as Type 41)
* '''Koku:''' Krupp (DE)

= Polish =
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]</div>
== (PL) Vehicle ==
=== (PL) Ground ===

* '''TK – Tankietka:''' Tankette
* '''TP – X-Tonowy, Polski:''' X-Tons Polish
** 7TP
* '''wz. – wzór''' pattern

=== (PL) Naval ===

* '''ORP – Okręt Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej:''' Warship of the Republic of Poland (honorific styling)
** [[ORP Garland]]

= Romanian =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
!Romanian abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Romanian">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|Romanian is spoken as a military language in the following countries:

*'''(RO)''' Romania

|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''Vehicle'''
*[[#(RO) Vehicle|(RO) Vehicle]]
**[[#(RO) Ground|(RO) Ground]]
**[[#(RO) Air|(RO) Air]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

*[[#(RO) Manufacturer/Designer|(RO) Manufacturer/Designer]]
|}
== (RO) Vehicle ==
=== (RO) Ground ===

* '''TACAM – Tun Anticar pe Afet Mobil:''' Anti-tank gun on mobile gun carriage
** TACAM R-2
** TACAM T-60

=== (RO) Air ===

* '''JIS – Jumo Italian Savoia-Marchetti''' Italian manufactured S.M.79's with Jumo engines
** JIS-79B
* '''JRS – Jumo Romanian Savoia-Marchetti''' Romanian manufactured S.M.79's with Jumo engines
** JRS-79B

== (RO) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''IAR – Industria Aeronautică Română:''' Romanian Aeronautic Industry
** [[IAR-81C]]
* '''SET – Societatea Pentru Exploatări Technice:''' Technical Development Society
* '''S – Savoia-Marchetti'''
** [[S.M.79 B|S-79B]] Romanian Designation Of S.M.79 B

= Russian =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! Russian abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Russian">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(RU) Vehicle|(RU) Vehicle]]
** [[#(RU) Ground|(RU) Ground]]
** [[#(RU) Air|(RU) Air]]
** [[#(RU) Naval|(RU) Naval]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(RU) Weaponry|(RU) Weaponry]]

'''Munition'''

* [[#(RU) Munition|(RU) Munition]]

'''Prefix/Suffix'''

* [[#(RU) Prefix/Suffix|(RU) Prefix/Suffix]]

'''Historical Name'''

* [[#(RU) Historical Name|(RU) Historical Name]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(RU) Manufacturer/Designer|(RU) Manufacturer/Designer]]

'''Military'''

* [[#(RU) Military|(RU) Military]]
|}

== (RU) Vehicle ==
=== (RU) Ground ===

{| class="wikitable"
!Abbreviation
!Russian
!Translated
!Role
!Example
|-
|T
|{{Annotation|Танк|Tank}}
|Tank
|
|[[T-34 (Family)|T-34]]
|-
|SU
| rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Самоходная установка|Samokhodnaya Ustanovka}}
|Self-propelled mount
|SPG
|[[SU-122]]
|-
|ISU
|Self-propelled mount based on IS-series tanks
|SPG
|[[ISU-152]]
|-
|ASU
|{{Annotation|Авиадесантная самоходная установка|Aviadesantnaya Samokhodnaya Ustanovka}}
|Airborne self-propelled mount
|Airborne SPG
|[[ASU-57]]
|-
|ZSU
|{{Annotation|Зенитная самоходная установка|Zenitnaya Samokhodnaya Ustanovka}}
|{{Annotation|Zenithal|Anti-aircraft}} self-propelled installation
|SPAA
|[[ZSU-37]]
|-
|ZPRK
|{{Annotation|Зенитный пушечно-ракетный комплекс|Zenitny Raketno-Pushechny Kompleks}}
|{{Annotation|Zenithal|Anti-aircraft}} missile-gun system
|SAM
|[[ZPRK 2S6]]
|-
|BT
|{{Annotation|Быстроходный танк|Bystrokhodny Tank}}
|Fast-moving tank
|LT
|[[BT-7 (Family)|BT-7]]
|-
|RBT
|{{Annotation|Ракетный быстроходный танк|Raketny Bystrokhodny Tank}}
|Rocket fast-moving tank
|LT
|[[RBT-5]]
|-
|BA
|{{Annotation|Бронеавтомобиль|Bronev Avtomobil}}
|Armoured car
|AC
|[[BA-11]]
|-
|BTR
|{{Annotation|Бронетранспортёр|Bronev Transporter}}
|Armoured transporter
|APC
|[[BTR-152A]]
|-
|BM
|{{Annotation|Боевая Машина|Boyevaya Mashina}}
|Combat machine
|MLRS
|[[BM-13N]]
|-
|BMP
|{{Annotation|Боевая Машина Пехоты|Boyevaya Mashina Pekhoty}}
|Infantry combat machine
|IFV
|[[BMP-1 (Family)|BMP-1]]
|-
|BMD
|{{Annotation|Боевая Машина Десанта|Boyevaya Mashina Desanta}}
|Airborne combat machine
|Airborne IFV
|[[BMD-4]]
|-
|PT
|{{Annotation|Плавающий танк|Plavayushchy Tank}}
|Floating tank
|Amphibious LT
|[[PT-76B]]
|-
|IT
|{{Annotation|Истребитель танков|Istrebitel Tankov}}
|(Missile) Tank fighter
|TD
|[[IT-1]]
|}
====(RU) Object List====
Object (Объект) indexing was used in the Soviet and Russian tank industry for the ministry of defence to index tank designs, starting from prototype/design stage to production variants. They're not used chronologically and were until 1959 not mandatory for companies to be used, after which the ministry would index all new tank designs to even through the Russian Federation.

* 1 — 99 - Gorky Automobile Factory (GAZ)
* 100 — 199 - Ural Railway Car Building Factory (Uralvagonzavod plant №183)
* 201 — 299 - Leningrad Kirov Plant (LKZ)
* 300 — 349 - Ural Plant of Transport Engineering (UZTM)
* 400 — 499 - Malyshev Factory (HZTM)
* 500 - Omsktransmash (plant №174)
* 501 — 549 - Rubtsovsk Engineering Works
* 550 — 599 - Mytishchi Machine Building Factory (MMZ)
* 600 — 699 - Kurgan Engineering Factory (KMZ)
* 700 — 799 - Chelyabinsk Kirov (Tractor) Plant (ChKZ, ChTZ)
* 800 — 849 - Various
* 850 — 899 - Moscow Automobile Factory (ZIS, ZIL)
* 900 — 999 - Stalingrad (Volgograd) Tractor Factory (STZ, VgTZ)
* 1000 — 1050 - Kutaisi Automotive Factory (KAZ)


====(RU) GRAU====

=====(RU) 1960 (Current)=====
{{Notice|Only vehicle relevant equipment will be noted down - the index if far larger than this example list.}}

Divisions:

# Radio and electronics equipment
# Artillery systems
# Artillery ammunition, rockets
# Artillery propelling charges
# Air defence equipment
# Infantry armament
# Infantry ammunition
# Rocket technology
# Rocket armament
# Equipment
# Rocket and space technology
# Rocket and space equipment
# Space Facilities
# Rocket and space technology
# Rocket technology
# Strategic Missile Forces equipment
# Rocket and space equipment
# Rocket and space technology

{| class="wikitable"
!Div.
!Letter
!Role
!Equipment
!Name (Note)
!(Equipped on)
|-
| rowspan="5" |1
|A
|Automated Fire Control Devices
|1A7
|Tobol
|[[ZSU-23-4]]
|-
|B
|Meteorological, Sonometric, and Seismic Reconnaissance Equipment
|1B12
|(Thermometer)
|[[T-64A (1971)|T-64A]]
|-
|RL
|Radar & Radio Equipment
|1RL34
|
|[[ZSU-37-2]]
|-
|P
|Weapon Sights
|1P67-1
|(TV-sight)
|[[T-80BVM]]
|-
|PZ
|<abbr>Anti-Aircraft Optics</abbr>
|1PZ3
|
|[[BMP-2]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |2
|A
|Artillery
|[[2A70 (100 mm)|2A70]]
|
|[[BMP-3]]
|-
|K
|Battle group archetype
|2K22
|Tunguska
|Group centered around [[2S6]]
|-
|S
|Self-propelled gun system
|[[2S25]]
|Sprut-SD
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |3
|BK
|HEATFS projectiles
|3BK12M
|
|[[2A46M (125 mm)|2A46M]]
|-
|BM
|<abbr>APDS</abbr> Projectiles
|3BM60
|Svinets-2
|[[2A46M-5 (125 mm)|2A46M-5]]
|-
|V
|Fuses
|3V21
|
|3OF26
|-
|OF
|<abbr>HE</abbr> Projectiles
|3OF26
|
|[[2A46M-1 (125 mm)|2A46M-1]]
|-
|D
|Smoke Projectiles
|3D3
|
|[[D-10T2S (100 mm)|D-10T2S]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |6
|P
|Firearms
|[[6P50 (12.7 mm)|6P49]]
|KORD
|[[T-90A]]
|-
|G
|Grenade launchers
|[[AG-30 (30 mm)|6G26]]
|([[AG-30 (30 mm)|AG-30]])
|[[BMP-2M]]
|-
|7
|P
|Grenade launcher ammunition
|7P36
|Naib (VOG-30)
|[[AG-30 (30 mm)|6G26 (AG-30)]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |9
|K
|(Missile) Systems
|[[9K127 Vikhr|9K127]]
|Vikhr
|[[Ka-50]]
|-
|M
|Missiles
|[[9M113 Konkurs|9M113]]
|Konkurs
|[[BMP-1 (Family)|BMP-1]]
|-
|P
|Launchers
|[[Shturm-S|9P149]]
|Sthurm-S
|
|}

=== (RU) Air ===
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Russian|'''Back to the Russian table''']]</div>

Prior to 1941, the USSR used a letter code system to identify aircraft by their role and function. This was phased out quickly in favor of [[Abbreviations#(RU) Manufacturer/Designer|manufacturer codes]], although numerous aircraft retained their letter codes.
<br>
The list below is by no means comprehensive. The naming system was done more on a "case-by-case" basis and was less methodical than this list may imply, and also had numerous exceptions or one-off design classifications.
<br><br>
'''Base Models'''

* '''A – Avtozhir''' (Autogyro)
** A-4
* '''ARK – Arktichyeskii''' (Arctic Exploration Aircraft)
** ARK-3
* '''B - Bombardirovshchik''' (Bomber)
** No aircraft were assigned the index "B" only
* '''I – Istrebitel''' (Fighter)
** [[I-16 (Family)|I-16]]
* '''G – Gruzovoi''' (Cargo)
** [[TB-3M-17-32|G-3]]
* '''R – Razvedchik''' (Reconnaissance)
** R-5
* '''S – Samolyot''' (Aircraft)
** No aircraft were assigned the "S" index only
* '''Sh – Shturmovik''' (Ground attacker)
** No aircraft were assigned the index "Sh" only
* '''T – Torpedonosets''' (Torpedo (bomber))
** T-1
* '''U – Uchebny''' (Trainer)
** [[Po-2|U-2]]
* '''VIT – Vozdushnyi Istrebitel Tankov''' (Flying Tank Destroyer)
** VIT-2

<br>
'''Prefix Modifiers'''

* '''B – Blizhniy''' (Short-range)
** [[BB-1]] (Short-range bomber)
** [[BI]] (Short-range fighter)
* '''B – Bronirovannyi''' (Armoured)
** [[IL-2 (Family)|BSh-2]] (Armoured ground attacker)
* '''D – Dvukhmestnyi''' (Two-seat)
** [[SB (Family)|DI-8]] (Two-seat fighter)
* '''D – Dalniy''' (Long-range)
** [[DB-3B|DB-3]] (Long-range bomber)
* '''F – Frontovoy''' (Frontline)
** [[Tu-2 (Family)|FB]] (Frontline bomber)
* '''G – Gydro''' (Hydro)
** [[PBY-5A Catalina (USSR)|GST]] (Hydroplane transport)
* '''K – Korablennyi''' (Shipborne)
** KR-1 (Shipborne reconnaissance)
* '''K – Kreiser''' (Cruiser)
** KR-6 (Cruiser reconnaissance)
* '''KO – Korablennyi''' (Shipborne)
** [[KOR-1]] (Shipborne reconnaissance)
* '''L – Lyogki''' (Light)
** LBSh (Light armoured ground attacker)
* '''M – Morskoi''' (Marine/seaplane)
** [[MBR-2-M-34|MBR-2]] (Marine short-range reconnaissance)
** MDR-2 (Marine long-range reconnaissance)
* '''P – Pikiruyuschii''' (Dive)
** [[Tu-2 (Family)|PB]] (Dive bomber)
* '''P – Passazhirskii''' (Passenger)
** [[SB (Family)|PS-41]] (Passenger aircraft)
* '''S – Skorostnoi''' (Fast)
** [[SB (Family)|SB]] (Fast bomber)
** [[I-16 (Family)|SPB]] (Fast dive bomber)
* '''Sh – Shturmovoi''' (Ground attack)
** [[Su-2 (Family)|ShB]] (Ground attack bomber)
* '''T – Tiazholyi''' (Heavy)
** [[TB-3M-17-32|TB-3]] (Heavy bomber)
** [[TIS MA|TIS]] (Heavy fighter-escorter)

<br>
'''Suffix Modifiers'''

* '''OM – Otkrytogo Morya''' (Open sea)
** ROM-1
* '''P – Pushechny''' (Cannon)
** [[ITP (M-1)|ITP]] (Fighter heavy cannon)
* '''PL – dlya Podvodnikh Lodok''' (for Submarines)
** SPL (Aircraft for submarines)
* '''S – Soprovozhdenya''' (Escorter)
** [[TIS MA|TIS]] (Heavy fighter escorter)
** DIS (Twin-seat fighter escorter)
* '''S – Skladnoi''' (Folding)
** IS-1
* '''T – Transportnyj''' (Transporter)
** [[PBY-5A Catalina (USSR)|GST]] (Hydroplane transporter)
* '''T – Trenirivochnyi''' (Advanced (trainer))
** UT-3 (Advanced trainer)
** [[Yak-1|UTI-26]] (Advanced trainer fighter)

=== (RU) Naval ===

* '''MO – Malyi Okhotnik:''' Small submarine chaser (literally: Small hunter)
** [[MO-4]]
* '''BMO – Bronirovanny Malyi Okhotnik: ''' Armoured small submarine chaser (literally: Armed small hunter)
** [[BMO]]
* '''MPK – Malyi Protivolodochnoi Korabl:''' Small anti-submarine ship
** [[MPK pr.122A]]
* '''MBK – Morskoi Bronekater:''' Armoured gunboat (literally: Naval combat cutter)
** [[MBK pr.186]]
* '''SKR – Storozhevoi Korabl:''' Observation ship
** [[Groza|SKR Groza, Uragan type (1943)]]

== (RU) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Russian|'''Back to the Russian table''']]</div>

* '''UB – Universalniy Berezina:''' Berezin universal (MG)
** [[Berezin UB (12.7 mm)]]
* '''DP – Degtyarov Pulemyot:''' Degtyarov MG
* '''DT – Degtyarov Tankovy:''' Degtyarov tank (MG)
** [[DT (7.62 mm)]]
* '''DA – Degtyarov Aviatsonny:''' Degtyarov airplane (MG)
** [[DA (7.62 mm)]]
* '''PV – Pulemet Vozdushny:''' Airborne MG
** [[PV-1 (7.62 mm)]]
* '''ShKAS – Shpitalny-Komaritski Aviatsionny Skorostrelny:''' Shpitalny-Komaritsky airplane rapid-fire (MG)
** [[ShKAS (7.62 mm)]]
* '''DShK – Degtyaryova-Shpagina Krupnokaliberny:''' Degtyarov-Shpagin large-calibre (MG)
** [[DShK (12.7 mm)]]
* '''A – Afanasev''' (MG)
** [[A-12.7 (12.7 mm)]]
* '''B – Berezin''' (autocannon)
** [[B-20 (20 mm) (Family)|B-20 (20 mm)]]
* '''Yak-B – Yakushev-Borzov''' (MG)
** [[YaK-B (12.7 mm)]]
* '''ShVAK – Shpitalny-Vladimirov Aviatsionny Krupnokaliberny:''' Shpitalny-Vladimirov airplane large-calibre (autocannon)
** [[ShVAK (20 mm)]]
* '''TNSh – Tankovy Nudelman-Shpitalny:''' Nudelman-Shpitalny tank (autocannon)
** [[TNSh (20 mm)]]
* '''PTB – Pushka Taubin-Baburin:''' Taubin-Baburin cannon
** [[PTB-23 (23 mm)]]
* '''VYa – Volkov-Yartsev''' (autocannon)
** [[VYa-23 (23 mm)]]
* '''NS – Nudelman-Suranov''' (autocannon)
** [[NS-23 (23 mm)]]
* '''NR – Nudelman-Rikhter''' (autocannon)
** [[NR-30 (30 mm)]]
* '''GSh – Gryazev-Shipunov''' (autocannon)
** [[GSh-23-2 (23 mm)]]
* '''N-37D – Nudelman 37 mm Dulny tormoz:''' Nudelman 37 mm (autocannon with) muzzle brake
** [[N-37D (37 mm)]]
* '''KPVT – Krupnokaliberniy Pulemyot Vladimirova Tankovy:''' Vladimirov large-calibre tank MG
** [[KPVT (14.5 mm)]]
* '''ZPU – Zenitnaya Pulemotnaya Ustanovka:''' Anti-aircraft MG mount
* '''NSVT – Nikitina-Sokolova-Volkova Tankovy:''' Nikitin-Sokolov-Volkov tank (MG)
** [[NSVT (12.7 mm)]]
* '''PKT – Pulemyot Kalashnikova Tankovy:''' Kalashnikov tank MG
** [[PKT (7.62 mm)]]
* '''SGMT – Stankovy Goryunova Modernizirovany Tankovy:''' Goryunov modernized mounted tank (MG)
** [[SGMT (7.62 mm)]]
* '''20-K – Gun No. 20 of the Korolyov factory'''
** [[20-K (45 mm)]]
* '''L-11 – Gun No. 11 of the Leningrad factory'''
** [[L-11 (76 mm)]]

== (RU) Munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Russian|'''Back to the Russian table''']]</div>

* '''BR – Broneboynye:''' Armour-piercing (shell)
* '''BZ – Broneboyny Zazhigatelny:''' Armour-piercing incendiary (shell)
* '''BZT – Broneboyny Zazhigatelny Trassiruyushchy:''' Armour-piercing incendiary tracer (shell)
* '''PB – Polu Broneboynye:''' Semi armour-piercing (shell)
* '''O – Oskolochno:''' Fragmentation (shell)
* '''OZ – Oskolochno Zazhigatelny:''' Fragmentation incendiary (shell)
* '''OZT – Oskolochno Zazhigatelny Trassiruyushchy:''' Fragmentation incendiary tracer (shell)
* '''OF – Oskolochno Fugasny:''' High-explosive fragmentation (shell)
* '''Sh – Shrapnel''' (shell)
* '''FAB – Fugasnaya Aviatsionnaya Bomba:''' High-explosive aircraft bomb
* '''OFAB – Oskolochno Fugasnaya Aviatsionnaya Bomba:''' High-explosive fragmentation aircraft bomb
* '''RS – Reaktivny Snaryad:''' Rocket (literally: Rocket-powered projectile)
* '''RBS – Reaktivny Broneboyny Snaryad:''' Armour-piercing rocket (literally: Rocket-powered armour-piercing projectile)

== (RU) Prefix/Suffix ==

* '''Oby. – Obyekt:''' Object (tank prototype)
* '''Pr. – Proyekt:''' Project (ship design program)
** [[Pr.1124 early]]
* '''E – Ekranami:''' Up-armoured (literally: With screens)
** [[KV-1E]]
* '''M – Modernizirovany:''' Modernized
** [[IS-4M]]
* '''S – Skorokhodnuyu:''' Lightened (literally: Fast)
** [[KV-1S]]
* '''SP – Soprovzhdeniya Pekhoty:''' Infantry support
** [[T-126|T-126(SP)]]
* '''U – Uluchshenny:''' Improved
** [[Soobrazitelny|Pr. 7U]]
* '''V – Vzryvnoy:''' Explosive (Reactive Armour)
** [[T-64B|T-64BV]]
* '''T – Torpedonosets:''' Torpedo bomber

== (RU) Historical Name ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Russian|'''Back to the Russian table''']]</div>

* '''IS – Iosef Stalin''' (tank)
** [[IS-1]]
* '''KV – Kliment Voroshilov''' (tank)
** [[KV-2 (1939)]]
* '''SMK – Sergey Mironovich Kirov''' (tank)
** [[SMK]]

== (RU) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''ACh – Aleksei Charomsky'''
** [[Yer-2 (ACh-30B) (e)]]: Yermolayev Yer-2 with 2 Charomsky ACh-30B diesel engines
* '''AM – Aleksandr Mikulin'''
** [[Su-6 (AM-42)]]: Su-6 with Mikulin AM-42 V-12 engine
* '''ANT – Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev'''
* '''Ar – Arkhangelsky'''
** Arkhangelsky [[Ar-2]]
* '''BI – Bereznyak-Isayev'''
** Bereznyak-Isayev [[BI]]
* '''GAZ – Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod:''' Gorky Automobile Factory
** [[GAZ-AAA (4M)]]
* '''Il – Ilyushin'''
** Ilyushin [[IL-2M (1943)]]
* '''KS – Krasnoye Sormovo'''
* '''La – Lavochkin'''
** Lavochkin [[La-5]]
* '''LaGG – Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov'''
** Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov [[LaGG-3-66]]
* '''M – Myasishchev'''
* '''MAI – Moskovsky Avyatsyonny Instytut''' Moscow Aviation Institute
** [[Tandem MAI]]
* '''Mi – Mil'''
** Mil [[Mi-24A]]
* '''MiG – Mikoyan-Gurevich'''
** Mikoyan-Gurevich [[MiG-15]]
* '''OKB – Opytno-Konstruktorskoye Buro:''' Experimental Design Bureau
* '''Pe – Petlyakov'''
** Petlyakov [[Pe-2-1]]
* '''Po – Polikarpov'''
** Polikarpov [[Po-2]]
* '''STZ – Stalingradsky Traktoriy Zavod:''' Stalingrad Tractor Factory
** [[T-34E STZ]]
* '''Su – Sukhoi'''
** Sukhoi [[Su-2 MV-5]]
* '''Tu – Tupolev'''
** Tupolev [[Tu-2S-44]]
* '''VK – Vladimir Klimov'''
** [[Yak-3 (VK-107)]]: Yakovlev Yak-3 with Klimov VK-107 V-12 engine
* '''Yak – Yakovlev'''
** Yakovlev [[Yak-1]]
* '''Yer – Yermolayev'''
** Yermolayev [[Yer-2 (M-105)]]
* '''ZiS – Zavod imeni Stalina:''' Factory named after Stalin
** [[ZiS-30]]

== (RU) Military ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Russian|'''Back to the Russian table''']]</div>

* '''VVS – Voyenno-Vozdushnye Sily:''' Soviet air force (literally: Military air force)
* '''VMF – Voyenno-Morskoy Flot:''' Soviet Navy (literally: Military maritime fleet)
* '''SA – Sovetskaya Armiya:''' Soviet army
* '''IAP – Istrebitelny Aviatsionny Polk:''' Fighter air regiment
* '''GvIAP – Gvardeysky Istrebitelny Aviatsionny Polk:''' Guards fighter air regiment
* '''ShAP – Shturmovoy Aviatsionny Polk:''' Ground attack air regiment

= Spanish =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
!Spanish abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Spanish">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|Spanish is spoken as a military language in the following countries:

*'''(AR)''' Argentina
*'''(ES)''' Spain
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''Vehicle'''
*[[#(AR) Vehicle|(AR) Vehicle]]
**[[#(AR) Ground|(AR) Ground]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

*[[#(AR) Manufacturer/Designer|(AR) Manufacturer/Designer]]
*[[#(ES) Manufacturer/Designer|(ES) Manufacturer/Designer]]
|}

== (AR) Vehicle ==
=== (AR) Ground ===

* '''TAM – Tanque Argentino Mediano:''' Argentine Medium Tank

== (AR) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''FAdeA – Fábrica Argentina de Aviones:''' Argentine Aircraft Factory
** '''Ae – Dirección General de Aerotécnica:''' Directorate General of Aerotechnics (1927–1936)
** '''FMA – Fábrica Militar de Aviones:''' Military Aircraft Factory (1938–1943)
** '''IAe – Instituto Aerotecnico:''' AeroTechnical Institute (1943–1952)
** '''IA –''' ''meaning not specified'' (1952 to present)
* '''IAME – Industrias Aeronáuticas y Mecánicas del Estado:''' State Aeronautical and Mechanical Industries (1951-1956)
** '''DINFIA – Dirección Nacional de Fabricación e Investigación Aeronáutica:''' National Directorate of Aeronautical Manufacturing and Research (1956-1967)
** '''IME – Industrias Mecánicas del Estado:''' State Mechanical Industries (1967 to present)

== (ES) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''AC – Aerotécnica:''' Aerotechnic
* '''AISA – Aeronáutica Industrial SA.:''' Aeronautical Industrial SA.
* '''CASA – Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA.:''' Aeronautical Constructions SA.
** CASA 2.111 (Spanish Licensed He 111)
* '''HA – Hispano Aviación:''' Hispanic Aviation
** HA-1109 (Spanish Licensed Bf 109)
** HA-1112 (Spanish Modified Bf 109)

= Swedish =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! Swedish abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Swedish">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|Swedish is spoken as a military language in the following countries:

*'''(FI)''' Finland
*'''(SE)''' Sweden
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(SE) Vehicle|(SE) Vehicle]]
** [[#(SE) Ground|(SE) Ground]]
** [[#(SE) Air|(SE) Air]]

'''Prefix/Suffix'''

* [[#(SE) Prefix/Suffix|(SE) Prefix/Suffix]]
** [[#(SE) Air force|(SE) Air force]]
** [[#(SE) Ground projects|(SE) Ground projects]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(SE) Weaponry|(SE) Weaponry]]

'''Munition'''

* [[#(SE) Munition|(SE) Munition]]
|}

== (SE) Vehicle ==
=== (SE) Ground ===
'''vagn''' ('''wagon''') indicates that the vehicle is "tracked" while '''bil''' (from ''Automo'''bil'''e'', '''car''') indicates that the vehicle is "wheeled".

* '''strv – stridsvagn:''' Tank (literally: Combat wagon)
** [[Strv m/38]]
* '''strf – stridsfordon:''' (Heavy) infantry fighting vehicle (literally: Combat vehicle)
** [[Strf 9040C]]
* '''tgdb – terrängdragbil:''' Off-road tractor unit (literally: Terrain pull-car)
** [[Lvtdgb m/40|Lvtgdb m/40]]
* '''sav – stormartillerivagn:''' Assault gun (pre 1950s designation, literally: Assault artillery wagon)
** [[Sav m/43 (1946)]]
* '''ikv – infanterikanonvagn:''' Assault gun (post 1950s designation, literally: Infantry cannon wagon)
** [[Ikv 103]]
* '''pvkv – pansarvärnskanonvagn:''' Tracked self-propelled anti-tank gun (literally: Anti-armour cannon wagon)
** [[Pvkv m/43 (1946)]]
* '''lvkv – luftvärnskanonvagn:''' Tracked self-propelled anti-air gun (literally: Anti-air cannon wagon)
** [[Lvkv 42]]
* '''pvrbv – pansarvärnsrobotvagn:''' Tracked self-propelled anti-tank missile (literally: Anti-armour robot wagon)
** [[Pvrbv 551]]
* '''lvrbv – luftvärnsrobotvagn:''' Tracked self-propelled anti-air missile (literally: Anti-air robot wagon)
** [[Lvrbv 701]]

=== (SE) Air ===

* '''fpl – flygplan:''' Aeroplane
* '''hkp – helikopter''' Helicopter

== (SE) Prefix/Suffix ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Swedish|'''Back to the Swedish table''']]</div>
=== (SE) Air force ===

* '''A – Attack:''' Strike Aircraft/Attacker
** [[A21A-3]]
* '''B – Bomb:''' Bomber
** [[B3C]]
* '''J – Jakt:''' Pursuit Aircraft/Fighter (Jakt = Pursuit)
** [[J26]]
* '''S – Spaning:''' Reconnaissance Aircraft (Spaning = Scouting)
* '''SK – Skol:''' Trainer Aircraft (Skol = School)
** [[SK60B]]
* '''T – Torped:''' Torpedo Bomber
** [[T18B-1]]
* '''Ö – Övning:''' Advanced Trainer Aircraft (Övning = Practice)

=== (SE) Ground projects ===

* '''VEAK – Vagn Eldledning AutomatKanon:''' Wagon Fire-control AutoCannon (literall)
** [[VEAK 40]]
* '''UDES – Underlagsgrupp Direkt Eld Stridsfordon:''' Material group Direct Fire Combat vehicle (literall)
** [[UDES 33]]

== (SE) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Swedish|'''Back to the Swedish table''']]</div>

* '''ksp – kulspruta:''' Machine gun (literally: Bullet sprayer)
** [[ksp m/22 (8 mm)|8 mm ksp m/22]]
* '''kan – kanon:''' Cannon
** [[Kan m/41 (75 mm)|75 mm kan m/41]]
* '''akan – automatkanon:''' Autocannon
** [[Akan m/55 (30 mm)|30 mm akan m/55]]
* '''pvkan – pansarvärnskanon:''' Anti-tank cannon
** [[Pvkan m/43 (75 mm)|75 mm pvkan m/43]]
* '''lvkan – luftvärnskanon:''' Anti-aircraft cannon
** [[Lvkan m/37 A (75 mm)|75 mm lvkan m/37]]
* '''fsthaub – fästningshaubits:''' Fortress howitzer
** [[Fsthaub m/02 (150 mm)|150 mm fsthaub m/02]]
* '''rbs – robotsystem:''' Missile system
** [[Rbs 55]]

== (SE) Munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Swedish|'''Back to the Swedish table''']]</div>

* '''gr – granat:''' Grenade (synonymous with shell)
* '''prj – projektil:''' Projectile (often as a substitute for '''fullprj – fullprojektil''') Solid projectile (literally: Full projectile)
* '''sl – spårljus:''' Tracer (literally: Track light)
* '''pprj – pansarprojektil:''' Armour-piercing projectile (literally: Armour projectile)
* '''pgr – pansargranat:''' Armour-piercing shell (literally: Armour grenade)
* '''hpgr – halvpansargranat:''' Semi-armour-piercing shell (literally: Half armour grenade)
* '''sgr – spränggranat:''' High-explosive shell (literally: Burst grenade)
* '''spgr- sprängpansargranat:''' High-Explosive Squash-Head shell (literally: Burst armour grenade)
* '''psgr – pansarspränggranat:''' High-Explosive Anti-Tank shell (literally: Armour burst grenade)
* '''rökgr – rökgranat:''' Smoke shell (literally: Smoke grenade)
* '''rb – robot:''' Missile (literally: "robot")
** [[Rb24]]
* '''srak – sprängraket:''' High-explosive rocket (literally: Burst rocket)
** [[srak m/51|15 cm srak m/51]]
* '''psrak – pansarsprängraket:''' High-Explosive Anti-Tank rocket (literally: Armour burst rocket)
** [[psrak m/49A|14,5 cm psrak m/49A]]
* '''hprak – Halvpansarraket''' Semi-armour-piercing High-Explosive rocket (literally: Half-armour rocket)
** [[hprak m/49|18 cm hprak m/49]]
* '''mb – minbomb''' High capacity / General purpose bomb (literally: Mine bomb)
** [[mb m/50 (600 kg)|600 kg mb m/50]]
* '''sb – sprängbomb''' High-Explosive Fragmentation bomb (literally: Burst bomb)
** [[sb m/61 (120 kg)|120 kg sb m/61]]

[[Category:Custom articles]]

Talk:Abbreviations

2023-07-28T22:15:29Z

U12423867: Short Answer

= Move article to Terminology & nomenclature =
I would like to propose that the article be moved to [[Terminology and Nomenclature]] (alt spelling: [[Terminology & Nomenclature]]), as that is what the article is moving to become either way. Abbreviations will still be part of this change as it belongs to termonology and nomenclature.--[[User:U6883713|U6883713]] ([[User talk:U6883713|talk]]) 18:49, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

= HK & VK designations =
Just wondering what the reason for undoing my edits fixing the meaning of VK and adding HK was? [[User:U36070063|U36070063]] ([[User talk:U36070063|talk]]) 05:03, 28 October 2021 (UTC)
:Conflicting sources. Half says Vollketten, half says Versuchskonstruktion. Until we can find a reliable source (ideally a German source from WW2), there won't be any changes. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 07:34, 28 October 2021 (UTC)
::VK is an abbreviation for a lot of things, including vollketten (full tracks) and versuchskonstruktion (trial construction).--[[User:U6883713|U6883713]] ([[User talk:U6883713|talk]]) 19:30, 28 October 2021 (UTC)
:::Then wouldn't it be appropriate to list both, and a note on how the definitions are conflicting? [[User:U36070063|U36070063]] ([[User talk:U36070063|talk]]) 04:25, 2 November 2021 (UTC)
::::Imo that is appropriate. Please do such an edit, preferrably with good sources and it will be approved.--[[User:U6883713|U6883713]] ([[User talk:U6883713|talk]]) 01:58, 3 November 2021 (UTC)

== Inconsistencies/QA ==

This page is still very much WIP. Unlike other pages, however, no in-game inconsistencies need to be adopted here.
I therefore suggest that someone (a moderator?) creates rules or a template according to which entries should be made. For example, what exactly should be entered under “literally”? I had a look at the German section, “Tank thrower” is not the same use of “literally” as “Dive attack aeroplane”. Leaving aside the problem of multiple meanings.
Humans make mistakes, who would know better than me. But I would never think of editing a Chinese entry entirely on my own. Perhaps we editors should agree not to write entries in a language we're unable to speak at CEFR level B2 at least? --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 09:51, 27 July 2023 (UTC)
: In general, the page can cover any abbreviation that could reasonably be expected to appear in the game or on the wiki. More broadly, this means that any abbreviation that might be used as part of a description of military equipment would likely fall under the scope of the page.
: "Literally" denotes a piece-by-piece translation with minimal regard for the wider context. Languages that make common use of compound nouns or phrases such as German and Chinese lend themselves well to this, while others may not. The information itself is meant simply as a minor point of interest.
: This is a free wiki, anyone is free to contribute wherever they want (with some particular exceptions). If you notice something incorrect, please feel free to correct it. Additionally, it would be infeasible for us to require verification of (or even judge, in many instances) a degree of fluency in any particular language. - [[User:U38088265|U38088265]] ([[User talk:U38088265|talk]]) 09:03, 28 July 2023 (UTC)
:: Since this evidently gives cause for misunderstanding: I entirely agree that it would contradict the idea of a free wiki if moderators here had to start checking certificates in the manner of a doorman. Certificates that both native and non-native speakers often do not have, and which, depending on the issuer, have the validity of a school report.
::By "we editors should agree" I was thinking more of a voluntary self-restriction by the contributors themselves.
::I hope I have understood this correctly, and will not take the addition of "literally" as an obligation, and treat it as a metaphrased but meaningful translation rather than a curiosity.

User:U12423867

2023-07-28T20:57:59Z

U12423867: Created page with "Hello fellow readers and contributors, though 'tis my name, I'm perfectly able to help this wiki grow better."

Hello fellow readers and contributors, though 'tis my name, I'm perfectly able to help this wiki grow better.

User talk:U44629479

2023-07-28T00:01:12Z

U12423867: /* The T-34-57 and editing this wiki in general */ new section

Archive: [[User talk Colok76286/Archive]]

== 100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm) ==

Hey,
As always - thank you for all the edits you do improving the quality of the articles, really appreciate them. I just have a 2 questions regarding the recent edits on [[100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm)]]:
Why change the order of ships in "Vehicles equipped with this weapon"? I sorted it more-or-less by what appears in the research tree (light cruisers first, heavy cruisers second), while the old order you restored seems to be random - e.g. Zara-class isn't even next to each-other, the new, top light cruiser, Duca degli Abruzzi, is second on the list. Can you tell me what's the key for the sorting order here?
: They're listed in alphabetical order. When searching for a vehicle in that particular section of a weapon page, the order in the tree has little relevance.
I was wondering what was the reason of removal of the "Sample Ship" from the "Comparison with analogues" tables? I added it specifically because guns on a different mounts can have a different Rate of Fire and Targeting speed, so it'd be good to see which specific example was taken into account for this comparison.
Kind Regards [[User:U12017485|U12017485]] ([[User talk:U12017485|talk]]) 11:25, 9 January 2023 (UTC)
: To make the table less crowded, this info can added back using the annotation template for example so as not to overload the table.
--[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 12:03, 9 January 2023 (UTC)
::Cheers, thank you for the answers :) That explains it :) [[User:U12017485|U12017485]] ([[User talk:U12017485|talk]]) 12:10, 9 January 2023 (UTC)

== Ground attack/strike vs Close Air support ==

Hey, sorry if my edits break standards on the wiki. I figured I'd ask here since it seems I must be confusing them. The military term is close air support for aerial attack on enemy vehicles in a battle, which is what air realistic mostly simulates. Does this wiki use a different definition of that term that functinally means CAS? I'd love your input so I don't mess up as much in the future!--[[User:U128413528|U128413528]] ([[User talk:U128413528|talk]]) 00:43, 14 January 2023 (UTC)
:We define attacking ground targets in air battles as ground attack. We reserve the term [[Close Air Support]] for the role of planes in ground battles. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 09:09, 14 January 2023 (UTC)

== Revision approval ==
Hi, sorry, I know it's not a standard practice, but could you approve [[User:U12017485/DPSGraph]] and [[User:U12017485/DPS]]? While new templates do not need revision approval, any changes made must have them approved, or else the base version is taken. This will help with getting a correct numbers for the DPS calculation in ships that have a flanked turrets. [[User:U12017485|U12017485]] ([[User talk:U12017485|talk]]) 21:42, 21 February 2023 (UTC)
: Hello, I have unapproved both pages, so any changes you make should now be reflected immediately. As long as you continue to only use the templates on your user page, this will be an adequate solution. [[User:U38088265|U38088265]] ([[User talk:U38088265|talk]]) 21:58, 21 February 2023 (UTC)

== Reverting constructive edits? ==

Hello,
I'm more or less new to the wiki in itself, and I have noticed that you have reverted a few of my edits on the [[V-990]] and [[H.C Mk.I (12,000 lb)]], even though in my opinion I thought they were constructive. I do not want to blow myself up over a few mere reverts, but I realised [[User_talk_Colok76286/Archive#Reverting_changes_to_a_page_and_then_making_changes_with_the_majority_of_those_changes_yourself.3F|that this was not an isolated case.]] Yes, you are a mod and I respect your position as such, but why do you have to revert some constructive edits made by some mere editor of the wiki like myself? Other than "Undo revision ___ by _" you provide no reason at all for reverting these edits, and I would like some answers onto them, at least on the forum's private messages. (yes, I do have a forum user page)

Thanks,

[[User:U85531623|U85531623]] ([[User talk:U85531623|talk]]) 06:47, 15 May 2023 (UTC)

== M728 ==
+1 to this. You removed [https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=M728_CEV&type=revision&diff=153109&oldid=153101&diffmode=source my revision where I linked the M728 CEV to the M60 family of vehicles], but didn’t indicate why. Like [[User:U85531623|U85531623]] ([[User talk:U85531623|talk]]), I’m not upset by this or anything, but I ''do'' want to continue making contributions and do so in a way that follows the guidelines for this Wiki. Something as simple as a short description on the edit would have been enough; without that, I’m left scratching my head and wondering why. The tank is just a modified M60A1. --[[User:U28244977|U28244977]] ([[User talk:U28244977|talk]]) 18:11, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
: The About template is used for disambiguation purposes, when vehicles carry a name close to one another like for example M60A1, M60A2, and M60A3. When the vehicle has a unique name (M728), this template should not be used to link a vehicle to a family page, that is the role of the See also section. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 18:29, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
:: Thanks for responding so quickly, I was in the process of sending you a forum message!
:: That makes sense. Is there a listing of the role of each section - or better yet, a listing of all pages describing the guidelines for contributing? My goal is to make valuable and meaningful contributions, but that’s difficult without knowing the culture of our active users and moderators.
:::No, there isn't really.
:::: Hmm. Well, maybe that’s something we should add.
:::: I discovered the rewards program through your user page; maybe I’ll end up spearheading a formalization of wiki rules and guidelines in their own section at some point. —-[[User:U28244977|U28244977]] ([[User talk:U28244977|talk]]) 19:05, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
:: I’m not sure I 100% agree with the assertion that this belongs in the “See Also” section, but I can’t really argue my position until I get a firmer grasp on the process here. Don’t be offended if I came back at some point and challenge this :)
:::Don't be offended either if I revert it since the rule won't have changed. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 18:52, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
:::: Don’t worry, I won’t be :). FWIW, I’ve been reading other pages and think I’m coming to the conclusion that the best solution here might be to add a short mention in the Description that it’s based on the M60A1, then spend the time to write a full explanation in the History section.—[[User:U28244977|U28244977]] ([[User talk:U28244977|talk]]) 19:05, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
:: Thanks again, and I hope we end up building a productive relationship here. —-[[User:U28244977|U28244977]] ([[User talk:U28244977|talk]]) 18:46, 10 June 2023 (UTC)

== T-80UM2 ==

Hey, I was just wondering why you reverted the newer info on the only T-80UM2 being destroyed last year, and I was curious if talking about more recent wars is taboo on the wiki, as I was unsure of that. --[[User:U21817146|U21817146]] ([[User talk:U21817146|talk]]) 17:49, 1 July 2023 (UTC)
:We do not add historical material for ongoing conflicts. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 17:50, 1 July 2023 (UTC)
::Thank you for the clarification, I will keep it in mind --[[User:U21817146|U21817146]] ([[User talk:U21817146|talk]]) 17:51, 1 July 2023 (UTC)

== Ho-Ro ==

Hey Colok76286,

foremost, let me thank you for helping me get used to the literally unwritten rules of this wiki through your edits.

Speaking of edits, I just became aware of your [https://wiki.warthunder.com/index.php?title=Ho-Ro&type=revision&diff=166343&oldid=166335&diffmode=source "conditional approval" of the edit of the Ho-Ro article.] Let's start from the bottom: [https://docdro.id/EyHAz3t I got the spelling version from] [https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199891580.001.0001/acref-9780199891580 The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the US Military.] Wiktionary.com also has "breech-loader" as a secondary spelling. According to Collins, "breech-loader" is British English, and "breechloader" American.
In the end, however, it is about the presence of a hyphen, I think regardless of the spelling, this does not cause misunderstandings among wiki users.

You also changed "The howitzer's high trajectory" to "The howitzer's curved trajectory".

For users unfamiliar with ballistics, however, this expression may seem confusing, since the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajectory trajectory] of any projectile subject to the influence of gravity is by definition curved. Artillery projectiles differ in their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajectory#/media/File:Ideal_projectile_motion_for_different_angles.svg parabolic trajectory], depending on whether the apex is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howitzer rather high] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_gun rather low]
--[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 00:51, 11 July 2023 (UTC)

:Sure, go ahead for both topics. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 16:10, 11 July 2023 (UTC)

:: I see you merged it, which expedited the process further, I guess. I will stop thanking you for acting quickly in the future, I suppose this just part of your commendable work ethic.
::I'm still working on a list of questions regarding the "unspoken rules" of this wiki, which I will, after some extra work to make it less of a hassle for you guys to provide me with answers, send to one of your co-mods.
:::We don't have a list of rules to provide unfortunately.
::But since you are so prolific, I would like to go ahead and ask two questions ahead of time to maybe save you some time:
:: You guys seem to really dislike Em-dashes a lot. ;) I'll substitute them with (semi-) colons whenever possible—I remember hyphens being used instead, but didn't find a single one now. If I that wasn't a hallucination on my part, I would like to follow up on that.
:::I keep it simple by using a single type of dash. Using semi-colons, colons, or commas should be fine.
:: I use the visual editor. With every word processor I ever worked with, Shift+Enter would do a line break, just not here. Do you know the shortcut? --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 13:08, 13 July 2023 (UTC)
:::I can't help on that since I don't use the Visual Editor. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 07:51, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

== KV-1 (L-11) ==

Hey Colok,

I just wanted to write to you about the old "General info" formatting issue, but got ninja'd apparently, great job!

My second question would've been if I corrected the ammo rack template the right way, but that question is obsolete now, I guess.<br>
But since you reverted my text edit, but just edited the values in the template back to the old ones: Did I make a mistake or does the KV-1 (L-11) just doesn't come with a shell in the breech? --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 07:35, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

:Some vehicles have unusual depletion routines (where the first shell is not considered, or with discrepancies in the depletion scheme). That's why you must not fill ammo racks table based on a supposition but on real observed behaviour (by using the test drive). --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 07:45, 15 July 2023 (UTC)
::Thank you so much for explaining that! To make the more important things regarding ammunition easier for the player, the concept of ammo rack depletion was designed very counterintuitively. ''Especially'' in the case of the KV-1, since there is a KV-1E, too, which I used to countercheck the data. This tank can load the same amount of ammunition, uses the same layout for the ammo racks, starts with a shell in the breech at the start of the game like any other tank and "The ammo stowage is empty" not when the ammo stowage is actually empty, but when the last shot is fired.<br>But I take on your recommendation and put on a lead apron whenever I change anything ammo racks. ;) --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 14:22, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

== "Abbreviations" ==

Hi Colok76286,

Firstly, thank you for your [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Be_bold bolder] edit of the abbreviation article. Back home, I'm going to stick Post-Its on my desk with "No typographical quotation marks!". Just to make it clearer for me: Did you use "aircraft" instead of "aeroplane", as the term is more commonly used in a military context? According to my cursory review of several corpora, even the term "military aircraft" includes rotorcraft and lighter-than-air vehicles.
Moreover, do you think my suggestion in "Discussion" makes sense? --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 22:10, 27 July 2023 (UTC)

== The T-34-57 and editing this wiki in general ==

Hi Colok,

You reviewed my changes to the T-34-57 article, and I'd like to start by thanking you for the second pair of eyes.
I think it was you who said this, in any case, it's obvious: there are no detailed written rules on how articles should be drafted and edited.
I hope it's okay if I treat you (and all the other moderators) like a member of the Académie Française in this respect.
That being said, a few questions have arisen in going through your review.

You changed "lower rank battles" to "lower tier battles". Did I use the wrong term, or can both terms be used synonymously?

Knowing your aversion to dashes, I used colons where possible. You have reverted (?) them to hyphens. They are not used like that in any language I know, including English, of course. Could you explain this briefly?

You changed a link from https://wiki.warthunder.com/Pz.IV_(Family) to https://wiki.warthunder.com/Panzer_IV_(Family). This page is currently empty. Why this change?

You changed "Panzer IV variants armed with the KwK 40 gun:" to "Panzer IV variants armed with the 75 mm KwK40 L43 or L48 guns -". If I recall correctly, the wrong spelling "KwK40" is used in the wiki as this is also the in-game designation. Further, the "75 mm KwK40 L43 or L48 guns" are the only KwK 40s used in Panzer IVs (and at all), at least to my knowledge. This would be tautological; the reader would read a longer text without getting additional information, something that is generally avoided. I would be genuinely interested in the rationale behind this change, as it is quite incomprehensible to me, from a third-party perspective.

In retrospect, my change in "pros and cons" was not outstandingly well-thought-out, to say the least. There wasn't really any added value in terms of information (I ran out of time a bit after working on "History", a Tower of Babel). The de facto revert did not improve this, of course. Do you think we can highlight the qualities of the armament even better? I think the current version is not ideal, at least in terms of "good […] rate of fire" and "fast reload rate" (please don't lecture me about first-stage ammo racks and autoloaders now 😉).

Last question: Why did you remove the addition "Jumbo" from the hyperlink?

Once again, thank you for the effort of reviewing, maybe you will find time to answer these question as well (not just for me).

Cheers

--[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 00:01, 28 July 2023 (UTC)

User talk:U44629479

2023-07-27T22:10:20Z

U12423867: /* "Abbreviations" */ new section

Talk:Abbreviations

2023-07-27T09:51:26Z

U12423867: added sig

Talk:Abbreviations

2023-07-27T09:50:44Z

U12423867: /* Inconsistencies/QA */ new section

Abbreviations

2023-07-27T09:08:19Z

U12423867: /* (DE) Vehicle */ Typos, mistranslations, use of AE

‎<span id="Top">‎</span>
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! colspan="4" | Abbreviations per language A-Z (quicklinks)
|-
| style="width: 2.5%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''A'''
| style="width: 47.5%; vertical-align:top;" |
| style="width: 2.5%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''N'''
| style="width: 47.5%; vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''B'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''O'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''C'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Chinese|Chinese]]<br>[[#Czech|Czech]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''P'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Polish|Polish]]
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''D'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''Q'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''E'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#English|English]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''R'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Romanian|Romanian]]<br>[[#Russian|Russian]]
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''F'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Finnish|Finnish]]<br>[[#French|French]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''S'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Spanish|Spanish]]<br>[[#Swedish|Swedish]]
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''G'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#German|German]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''T'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''H'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Hungarian|Hungarian]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''U'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''I'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Italian|Italian]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''V'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''J'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Japanese|Japanese]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''W'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''K'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''X'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''L'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''Y'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''M'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''Z'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|}

= Chinese =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! Chinese abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Chinese">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|Chinese is spoken as a military language in the following countries:

*'''(PRC)''' People's Republic of China

::''Listed as '''(CN)''' Mainland China''

*'''(ROC)''' Republic of China

::''Listed as '''(TW)''' Island of Taiwan''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(CN) Vehicle|(CN) Vehicle]]
** [[#(CN) Air|(CN) Air]]
** [[#(CN) Ground|(CN) Ground]]

'''Weaponry and munition'''

* [[#(CN) Weaponry and munition|(CN) Weaponry and munition]]
* [[#(TW) Weaponry and munition|(TW) Weaponry and munition]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(CN) Manufacturer/Designer|(CN) Manufacturer/Designer]]
* [[#(TW) Manufacturer/Designer|(TW) Manufacturer/Designer]]

'''Military'''

* [[#(CN) Military structure|(CN) Military structure]]
* [[#(TW) Military structure|(TW) Military structure]]
|}

Side note: Due to the usage of ROC year at Taiwan Island, there are sometimes when their documents or thesis from both Mainland China (for conversion) and Taiwan Island which used ROC year in their content.

The easiest way to convert them into western calendar is taking 1911 as ROC 1 (where ROC 100 is 2011 due to the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, instead of the official establishment in 1912/1/).

==(CN) Vehicle ==
=== (CN) Air ===
{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
! colspan="2" |Prefix
! rowspan="2" |Chinese
! rowspan="2" |Full title
! rowspan="2" |Meaning
! rowspan="2" |Example
|-
!First
!Second
|-
|C
|J
|{{Annotation|初教|Chū Jiào}}
|{{Annotation|初级教练机|Chūjí Jiàoliàn jī}}
|Basic Trainer
|CJ-6
|-
|H
| -
|{{Annotation|轰|Hōng}}
|{{Annotation|轰炸机|Hōngzhàjī}}
|Bomber
|[[H-5]]
|-
| rowspan="4" |J
| -
|{{Annotation|歼|Jiān}}
|{{Annotation|歼击机|Jiānjíjī}}
|Fighter/Interceptor
|[[J-6A]]
|-
|H
|{{Annotation|歼轰|Jiān Hōng}}
|{{Annotation|歼击轰炸机|Jiānjí Hōngzhà jī}}
|Fighter-Bomber
|JH-7A
|-
|L
|{{Annotation|教练|JiàoLiàn}}
|{{Annotation|教练机|JiàoLiàn jī}}
|Trainer
|JL-9
|-
|Z
|{{Annotation|歼侦|Jiān Zhēn}}
|{{Annotation|歼击侦察机|Jiānjī Zhēnchá jī}}
|Fighter-Reconnaissance
|JZ-8F
|-
|K
|J
|{{Annotation|空警|Kōng Jǐng}}
|{{Annotation|空中预警机|Kōngzhōng yùJǐng jī}}
|{{Annotation|AEWCS|Airborne Early Warning and Control System}}
|KJ-2000
|-
|Q
| -
|{{Annotation|强|Qiáng}}
|{{Annotation|强击机|Qiángjíjī}}
|Attacker
|[[Q-5A]]
|-
|S
|H
|{{Annotation|水轰|Shuǐ Hōng}}
|{{Annotation|水上轰炸机|Shuǐshàng Hōngzhà jī}}
|Hydroplane Bomber
|SH-5
|-
|Y
| -
|{{Annotation|运|Yùn}}
|{{Annotation|运输机|Yùnshūjī}}
|Transport
|Y-20
|-
|Z
| -
|{{Annotation|直|Zhí}}
|{{Annotation|直升机|Zhíshēngjī}}
|Helicopter
|Z-9
|}

=== (CN) Ground ===
This list is in accordance to the now obsolete GJB 4528-2002 '''《装甲车辆命名规则》''' (Standard Nomenclature Details of Armored Vehicles) accepted on 01/05/2003. A new standard was issued on 01/10/2012 (currently classified). See [[User:U4656018]]'s page.

''(<s>Strikethroughs</s> need further clarification under current naming standards)''

<nowiki>*</nowiki> Due to classifications of wheeled assault guns, PLT02 belongs to artillery corps; while ZLT11 belongs to mechanized corps.<br>
<nowiki>**</nowiki> These vehicles adhere to a different naming convention that is not based on the year.

{| class="wikitable"
! width="15%" | 1st Letter
! width="30%" | 2nd Letter
! width="35%" | 3rd Letter
! width="10%" | Number
! width="10%" | Example
|-
| rowspan="5" |Z – {{Annotation|装甲车辆|Zhuāngjiǎ chēliàng}} – AFV
|B – {{Annotation|步兵战车|Bùbīng zhàn chē}} – IFV
|D – {{Annotation|履带|lǚDài}} – Tracked
L – {{Annotation|轮式|Lúnshì}} – Wheeled
| rowspan="11" |1900-2099
(The first 2 digits can be ignored in normal use)
|[[ZBD86]]
|-
|G – {{Annotation|工程保障车辆|Gōngchéng bǎozhàng chēliàng}} – Engineering support vehicle
|Q – {{Annotation|架桥|jiàQiáo}} – Bridge layer
L – {{Annotation|扫(布)雷|sǎo(bù)Léi}} – Mine sweeper/layer

G – {{Annotation|工程作业车|Gōngchéng zuòyè chē}} – Engineering operation
|ZGQ84

ZGG84
|-
|S – {{Annotation|装甲输送车|zhuāngjiǎ Shūsòng chē}} – APC
|D – {{Annotation|履带|lǚDài}} – Tracked
L – {{Annotation|轮式|Lúnshì}} – Wheeled
|[[ZSD63]]

ZSL92
|-
|T – {{Annotation|坦克|Tǎnkè}} – Tank
|<s>D – {{Annotation|履带|lǚDài}} – Tracked</s>
<s>L – {{Annotation|轮式|Lúnshì}} – Wheeled</s>

Q – {{Annotation|轻型|Qīngxíng}} – Light

Z – {{Annotation|主战/中型坦克|Zhǔ zhàn/zhōngxíng tǎnkè}} – Main battle/medium tank

S – {{Annotation|水陆|Shuǐlù}} – Amphibious ''(literally: Water and land)''
|<s>ZTD05</s>

<s>[[ZLT11|ZTL11]]</s>

[[Type 62|ZTQ62]]

[[ZTZ99]]

[[ZTS63]]
|-
|Z – {{Annotation|战斗勤务车辆|Zhàndòu qínwù chēliàng}} – Combat service vehicle
|Z – {{Annotation|指挥|Zhǐhuī}} – Command
C – {{Annotation|侦察|zhēnChá}} – Scout

T – {{Annotation|通信|Tōngxìn}} – Communication

D – {{Annotation|电子对抗|Diànzǐ duìkàng}} – {{Annotation|ECM|Electronic CounterMeasure}}

M – {{Annotation|密钥加注|Mìyào jiāzhù}} – Battlefield cryptography

F – {{Annotation|防爆|Fángbào}} – {{Annotation|EOD|Explosive Ordnance Disposal}} ''(literally: Anti-explosion)''

X – {{Annotation|综合信息|zònghé Xìnxī}} – Integrated battlefield information
|ZZZ81

ZZC81

<nowiki>**</nowiki>ZZT1
|-
| rowspan="6" |P – {{Annotation|炮|Pào}} – Artillery
|G – {{Annotation|高射炮|Gāoshèpào}} – Anti-aircraft gun ''(literally: High firing gun)''
| rowspan="4" |L – {{Annotation|轮式|Lúnshì}} – Wheeled
Z – {{Annotation|自走|Zìzǒu}} – Self-propelled
|[[PGZ04A]]
|-
|H – {{Annotation|火箭弹|Huǒjiàn dàn}} – Rocket
|PHL03
PHZ89
|-
|L – {{Annotation|榴弹炮|Liúdànpào}} – Howitzer / Gun-mortar ''(literally: grenade gun)''
|PLL05
PLZ05
|-
|T – {{Annotation|突击炮|Tújípào}} – Assault gun
|PTL97
<nowiki>*</nowiki>[[PTL02]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |C – {{Annotation|车载|Chēzài}} – Vehicle-mounted
|L – {{Annotation|榴弹炮|Liúdànpào}} – Howitzer
|PCL09
<nowiki>**</nowiki>PCL181
|-
|P – {{Annotation|迫击炮|Pòjípào}} – Mortar
|<nowiki>**</nowiki>PCP001
|}

Additionally, numerous vehicles come with an "industrial code", such as WZ123 for the ZTZ99 series. These are typically indicative of the manufacturer and purpose of the vehicle, for example the second letter "W" indicates an export model, while most "WZ" series vehicles are intended for domestic service only. There are also numerous variations, including WMZ (e.g. WMZ551), WZG (e.g. WZG121), WXLZ (e.g. WXLZ602), and more.

{| class="wikitable"
! Designation
! Example
|-
| WZ – {{Annotation|五机部装甲车辆|WǔjībùZhuāngjiǎ chēliàng}} – 5th Ministry of Machine Building armoured vehicle
| WZ120 ([[Type 59|ZTZ59]])
|-
| WA - Unknown
| WA320 ([[PTZ89]])
|-
| BW – {{Annotation|包头外贸|Bāotóu Wàimào}} – Baotou Foreign Trade (Export)
| BW121 ([[T-69 II G|ZTZ69-II]])
|-
| BK – {{Annotation|包头科研|Bāotóu Kēyán}} – Baotou Scientific Research
| BK1990
|-
| YW – {{Annotation|永定外贸|Yǒngdìng Wàimào}} – Yongding Foreign Trade (Export)
| YW531 ([[ZSD63]])
|-
| YD - Unknown
| YD801
|-
|}

The Chinese company '''Norinco''' has their own unique designation system for their export vehicles. The meanings of each designation is not strict, as some vehicles within each system have very different roles. Furthermore, vehicles prefixed with "CS/" (e.g. CS/AA5) are not built by Norinco, but instead by other companies such as CSGC or Poly Technologies.

{| class="wikitable"
! Designation
! General Meaning
! Example
|-
| VT
| Tank
| [[ZTZ96A|VT2]]
|-
| VN
| Infantry Fighting Vehicle
| VN17
|-
| VP
| MRAP or Light Tactical Vehicle
| VP22
|-
| VA
| Light Strike Vehicle
| CS/VA1
|-
| VE
| Reconnaissance & Command Vehicle
| VE36
|-
| VS
| Armored Recovery Vehicle
| VS27
|-
| SH
| Self-Propelled Artillery
| SH15
|-
| SM
| Self-Propelled Mortar
| CS/SM4
|-
| SS
| Self-Propelled Mortar
| CS/SS6
|-
| AR
| Guided Rocket Launcher System
| AR3
|-
| SR
| Self-Propelled Rocket Launcher System
| SR4
|-
| ST
| Self-Propelled Anti-Tank Gun
| ST1
|-
| SA
| Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Weapon
| CS/SA5
|-
| AA
| Self-Propelled Multi-Purpose Weapon
| CS/AA5
|-
| SWS
| Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Weapon
| SWS2
|-
|}

== (CN) Weaponry and munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Chinese|'''Back to the Chinese table''']]</div>

=== Penta-Service Weaponries ===
Under a certain standard nomenclature of PLA weaponries since mid-2000s, weapons which are known by their shorten name or codename do in fact have a official name for them, as follows (appendix pending):
{| class="wikitable"
!Alphabet
!Chinese
!Type of weaponry
!Known examples
!Note
|-
|A
|导弹类
|Missiles
|AFT08- [[HJ-8A|HJ-8]]
AFT09- [[HJ-9]]

[[AKD-10]]

AKF088C- YJ-82C/KD-88C
|
|-
|B
|侦查情报类
|Reconnaissance & Intelligence
|
|
|-
|C
|车辆类
|(Wheeled) Vehicles
|Dongfeng CSK131 "Mengshi 猛士"
|''Wheeled vehicles developed by PLA''
|-
|D
|炮弹类
|Ammunitions
|DTC10-125
DTW2-105

DTW2-105
|''including fuse; refer to appendix chart 3-2 of the standard''
|-
|E/
|二炮专用装备类
|SAC (now PLARF) equipment
|
|
|-
|F
|防化类
|NBC
|
|
|-
|G
|工程类
|Engineering
|
|
|-
|H/
|海军专用装备类
|Navy equipment
|H/PJ12- Type 730
|
|-
|J
|机要类
|Confidential
|
|
|-
|K/
|空军专用装备类
|Air Force equipment
|K/LLQ120 land-based radar
|
|-
|L
|雷达类
|Radar
|LLQ120
|
|-
|P
|火炮类
|Artillery
|[[PG99-35-2 (35 mm)|PG99-35-2]]
[[PG87 (25 mm)|PG87]]
|''Refer to appendix chart 3-3 of the standard''
|-
|Q
|枪械类
|Firearms
|[[wikipedia:QBZ-191|QBZ191]]
[[wikipedia:QSZ-92|QSZ92]]

[[wikipedia:QBS-09|QBS09]]
|
|-
|R
|电子对抗类
|ECM
|
|
|-
|S
|技术侦查类
|Surveillance
|
|''Specified purpose''
|-
|T
|通信类
|Communication
|
|
|-
|X
|气象类
|Meteorology
|
|
|-
|Y/
|仪器类
|Instruments
|
|
|-
|Z
|装甲类
|Armored vehicles
|''As above in the vehicle prefixes''
|
|}

===Tank & Artillery Shells===
{| class="wikitable"
! width="20%" | 1st Letter
! width="20%" | 2nd Letter
! width="20%" | 3rd Letter
! width="40%" | Example
|-
| rowspan="9" |D – {{Annotation|弹|Dàn}} – Shell
| rowspan="4" |T – {{Annotation|坦克|Tǎnkè}} – Tank
| B – {{Annotation|爆破|Bàopò}} – Blasting
| DTB1-105 – HE-FS ''(literally: Shell-tank-blast)''
|-
| P – {{Annotation|破甲|Pòjiǎ}} – Breaker
| DTP-125 – HEATFS ''(literally: Shell-tank-breaker)''
|-
| W – {{Annotation|尾翼|Wěiyì}} – Tail
| DTW2-105 – APFSDS ''(literally: Shell-tank-tail)''
|-
| C –
| DTC10-125 – APFSDS
|-
| rowspan="2" | Y – {{Annotation|尾翼|Wěiyì}} – Tail
| W – {{Annotation|稳定|Wěndìng}} – Stable
| DYW1-120 – APFSDS (for anti-tank guns only) ''(literally: Shell-tail-stable)''
|-
| S –
| DYS-120 – HE
|-
| rowspan="3" | K – {{Annotation|防空|Fángkōng}} – Anti-aircraft
| G –
| DKG01A – API-T
|-
| P –
| DKP01A – HEI-T
|-
| Y –
| DKY1 – HE-VT
|-
|}
Additionally, the '''GP''' name (e.g. GP105) is used for guided projectiles, ranging from gun-launched ATGMs to guided artillery munitions. The designation is seen primarily at arms expositions and is unclear whether it is used within the PLA.

On the export market, APFSDS shells are called '''BTA''', such as BTA4 (an export version of DTW125)

===Missiles===
Generally speaking, missiles of all types have a two-letter (two-character) "code name". Most missiles also have alternative designations, such as HJ-10 also being called AFT-10.

* '''FM – {{Annotation|飞蠓|FēiMěng}}''': Export sea and land based SAM ''(literally: Flying midge)''
* '''FN – {{Annotation|飞弩|FēiNǔ}}''': Export MANPADS ''(literally: Flying crossbow)''
** FN-6, domestic version known as HN-6
* '''HF – {{Annotation|火发|HuǒFā}}''': Rocket pod ''(literally: Fire-launching)''
* '''HJ – {{Annotation|红箭|HóngJiàn}}''': Land-based ATGM ''(literally: Red arrow)''
** [[HJ-73E]]
* '''HN – {{Annotation|红缨|HóngyīNg}}''': Domestic MANPADS ''(literally: Red tassel)''
** [[HN-6]], exported as FN-6
* '''(H)HQ – {{Annotation|(海)红旗|(Hǎi)HóngQí}}''': Sea and land-based SAM ''(literally: (Sea) Red banner)'' (from the ideology of ''“三面红旗”'' [Three Red Banners] in the Great Leap Forward)
* '''HY – {{Annotation|海鹰|HǎiYīng}}''': SM (before 1980s) ''(literally: Sea eagle)''
* '''KD – {{Annotation|空地|KòngDì}}''': AGM ''(literally: Air-ground)''
* '''PL – {{Annotation|霹雳||PīLì}}''': AAM ''(literally: Lightning)''
** [[PL-5B]]
* '''QW – {{Annotation|前卫|QiánWèi}}''': A series of MANPADS family in parallel with HN series ''(literally: Vanguard)''
* '''SY – {{Annotation|上游|ShàngYóu}}''': ASM ''(literally: Upstream)'' (from Mao Zedong's ''“鼓足干劲，力争'''上游'''”'' [Go all-out and aim high] slogan in the Great Leap Forward)
* '''TY – {{Annotation|天燕|TiānYàn}}''': Helicopter-carried AAM ''(literally: Sky swallow)''
* '''YJ – {{Annotation|鹰击|YīngJī}}''': Tri-service ASM (after 1980s) ''(literally: Eagle strike)''

== (TW) Weaponry and munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Chinese|'''Back to the Chinese table''']]</div>
{| class="wikitable"
!Character
!Pinyin/Bopomofo (Romanised)
!Literal meaning
!Weapon system
!Examples
|-
|擎
|qíng / ㄑㄧㄥˊ
|to raise
|SRBM up to ICBM
|
|-
|雄
|xióng / ㄒㄩㄥˊ (Hsiung)
|powerful
|Cruise missile
|雄風 Hsiung Feng-2E (HF-2E)
|-
|風
|fēng / ㄈㄥ
|wind
|ASM
|雄風 Hsiung Feng-3 (HF-3)
|-
|玄
|xuán / ㄒㄩㄢˊ (Hsian)
|mysterious
|ECM
|
|-
|劍
|jiàn / ㄐㄧㄢˋ (Chian)
|sword
|AAM
|天劍 Tian Chian-1 (TC-1) – IR AAM
天劍 Tian Chian-2 (TC-2) – ARH AAM
|-
|萬
|wàn / ㄨㄢˋ
|10 thousand
|Cluster munition
|萬劍 Wan Chian cluster bomb dispenser
|-
|迅
|xùn / ㄒㄩㄣˋ (Hsiun)
|rapid
|Naval vessel
|Project 迅海 Hsiun Hai – Tuo Chiang-class corvette
|-
|評/昇
|píng / shēng / ㄆㄧㄥˊ / ㄕㄥ
|evaluate / rise
|Upgrade program
|Project 翔昇 Hsiang Sheng – F-CK-1 (IDF) C/D upgrade
|-
|捷
|jié / ㄐㄧㄝˊ (Che)
|swift
|Land-based system
|捷羚 Che Ling – Antelope Air Defense System
|-
|翔
|xiáng / ㄒㄧㄤˊ (Hsiang)
|to soar
|Aircraft
|Project 安翔 An Hsiang – F-CK-1 (IDF)
|-
|安
|ān / ㄢ
|safe
|AA system
|
|-
|隼
|sǔn / ㄙㄨㄣˇ or ㄓㄨㄣˇ
|falcon
|Missile system
|紅隼 Hong Zhun – Kestrel anti-tank rocket
|}

== (CN) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Chinese|'''Back to the Chinese table''']]</div>
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |'''Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC)''' 中国航空工业集团有限公司; Previously '''Ministry of Aviation Industry''' 航空工业部
|-
!Full name
!Abbreviation
!Factory codes
!City and province
!Products
|-
|'''Changhe Aviation Industries Corporation'''
昌河飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司
|CAIC 昌河
|372
|Jingdezhen, Jiangxi
|Helicopters
|-
|'''Chengdu Aerospace Industry'''
成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司
|CAC 成飞
|132
|Chengdu, Sichuan
|Fighters; UCAVs
|-
|'''Guizhou Aircraft Industry Corporation'''
贵州航空工业（集团）有限责任公司
|GAIC 贵飞
|162
|Anshun, Guizhou
|Trainers
|-
|'''Harbin Aircraft Industry Group'''
哈尔滨飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司
|HAIG Hafei 哈飞
|122
|Harbin, Heilongjiang
|Bombers; helicopters
|-
|'''Hongdu Aircraft Industry Group'''
江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司

'''''Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation'''''

''南昌飞机制造厂''
|HAIG Hongdu 洪都
''Nanchang 南昌''
|320
|Nanchang, Jiangxi
|Attackers; trainers
|-
|'''Shenyang Aircraft Industry'''
沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司
|SAC 沈飞
|112
|Shenyang, Liaoning
|Fighters
|-
|'''Xi'an Aircraft Industry'''
西安飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司
|XAC 西飞
|172
|Xi'an, Shaanxi
|Bombers; transporters; AECWS
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |'''China North Industries Group Corporation Limited; NORINCO''' 中国兵器工业集团有限公司 / 中国北方工业集团有限公司
|-
!Full name
!Factory/institute codes
!City and province
!Products and services
|-
|'''Chongqing Tiema Industry Group'''

重庆铁马工业集团
|256
|Chongqing
|Wheeled APC; amphibious vehicle
|-
|'''Inner Mongolia First Machinery Group'''

内蒙古第一机械集团
|617
|Baotou, Inner Mongolia
|MBT; Light tank; artillery etc.
|-
|'''Jianglu Machinery and Electronics Group Co. Ltd'''

江麓机电集团有限公司
|627
|Xiangtan, Hunan
|Light tank; amphibious vehicle
|-
|'''China North Vehicle Research Institute'''

中国北方车辆研究所
|201
|Beijing
|MBT R&D
|}

* '''CSGC – China South Industries Group Corporation''' 中国南方工业集团公司 (中国兵器装备集团公司)

== (TW) Manufacturer/Designer ==

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |Composition of Taiwan's defense industry
|-
!Full name
!Abbreviation
!Head office location
!Products and services
|-
|'''Aviation Industry Development Corporation (Post-2006)'''

漢翔航空工業股份有限公司

'''''Aviation Industry Development Center (1983-2006)'''''

''航空工業發展中心''
|AIDC 漢翔/航發中心
|Xitun District, Taichung City
|Aircraft; jet engine
|-
|'''National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology'''

國家中山科學研究院
|NCSIST 中科院
|Longtan District, Taoyuan City
|Equipment R&D
|-
|'''Ordnance Research Development Center, ROCA'''
陸軍兵工整備發展中心
|ORDC 兵整中心
|Jiji Township, Nantou County
|Armored vehicle
|}

== (CN) Military structure ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Chinese|'''Back to the Chinese table''']]</div>
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |Head of military development: '''MoDPRC- Ministry of Defense of the People's Republic of China''' 中华人民共和国国防部
|-
! colspan="3" |Supreme command: '''CMC- Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party''' 中国共产党中央军事委员会
|-
! colspan="3" |'''People's Liberation Army''' 中国人民解放军
|-
!Full name
!Abbreviation
!Branches
|-
|'''People's Liberation Army Ground Force'''

中国人民解放军陆军
|PLAGF 陆军
|Army aviation 陆军航空兵
Artillery troops 炮兵

Air Defense troops 防空兵

Armored troops 装甲兵

etc.
|-
|'''People's Liberation Army Air Force'''

中国人民解放军空军
|PLAAF 空军
|Airborne Corps 空降兵军
|-
|'''People's Liberation Army Navy'''

中国人民解放军海军
|PLAN 海军
|Suface forces 水面舰艇部隊
Submarine forces 潜艇部队

Naval Aviation 海军航空兵

Marine Corps 海军陆战队

Coastal defense 岸防部队
|-
|'''People's Liberation Army Rocket Force ''（Post-2016）'''''

中国人民解放军火箭军

'''''Second Artillery Corps （Pre-2016）'''''

''第二炮兵部队''
|PLARF 火箭军

''SAC 二炮''
|Nuclear missile troops 核导弹部队
Conventional missile troops 常规导弹部队

Logistic troops 作战保障部队
|-
|'''People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force'''

中国人民解放军战略支援部队
|PLASSF 战略支援部队
|Network Systems Department 网络系统部

Space Systems Department 航空航天部
|-
|'''Chinese People's Armed Police Force''' （Paramilitary）
中国人民武装警察部队
|PAP 武警
|Coast Guard 海警
|}

== (TW) Military structure ==

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |Supreme command and head of military development: '''MND- Ministry of National Defense, Republic of China''' 中華民國國防部
|-
! colspan="4" |'''Republic of China Armed Forces''' 中華民國國軍
|-
!Commanding unit
!Branches
!Abbreviation
!Sub-branches
|-
|'''Army Headquarters'''

國防部陸軍司令部
|'''Republic of China Army'''

中華民國陸軍
|ROCA 陸軍
|Army Aviation and Special Forces Command 航空特戰指揮部
|-
|'''Air Force Headquarters'''

國防部空軍司令部
|'''Republic of China Air Force'''

中華民國空軍
|ROCAF 空軍
|Air Defense and Artillery Command 防空暨飛彈指揮部
|-
|'''Navy Headquarters'''

國防部海軍司令部
|'''Republic of China Navy'''

中華民國海軍
|ROCN 海軍
|Republic of China Marine Force 海軍陸戰隊
|-
|'''Armed Forces Police Command'''

國防部憲兵指揮部
|'''Republic of China Military Police'''

中華民國憲兵
|MP 憲兵
|N/A
|}

= Czech =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! Czech abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Czech">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|Czech is spoken as a military language in the following countries:

*'''(CS)''' (Former) Czechoslovakia (today Czech republic)
*'''(CZ)''' Czech republic (part of former Czechoslovakia)
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(CS) Vehicle|(CS) Vehicle]]
** [[#(CS) Air|(CS) Air]]
** [[#(CS) Ground|(CS) Ground]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(CS) Manufacturer/Designer|(CS) Manufacturer/Designer]]
|}

== (CS) Vehicle ==

=== (CS) Air ===

* '''C – Cvicna letadla:''' Trainer
* '''S – Stihaci:''' Fighter
** [[Sakeen|S-199]]
* '''CS – Cvicna stihaci:''' Fighter trainer
* '''B – Bitevni letadla:''' Bomber
* '''LB – Lehka bombardovaci:''' Light bomber
* '''CB – Cvicna bitevni:''' Bomber trainer
* '''D – Dopravni:''' Transport
* '''K – Kuryrni:''' Liaison
* '''NK – Nakladni Kluzak:''' Glider
* '''VR – Vrtulník:''' Helicopter

Notes: This system was only adopted in 1945 and used until 1958, replaced later by simply using manufacturer type designations.

=== (CS) Ground ===

* '''LT – Lehký tank:''' Light tank
** LT vz. 38
* '''ST – Střední tank:''' Medium tank
** ST vz. 39
* '''OA – Obrněný automobil:''' Armoured car
* '''vz. – vzor:''' Version

== (CS) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''ČKD – Českomoravská Kolben-Daněk'''
* '''ZB – Zbrojovka Brno'''

= English =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! English abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="English">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|English is spoken as a military language in (among others) the following countries:

*'''(UN)''' Universal
**'''(AU)''' Australia
**'''(CA)''' Canada
**'''(NZ)''' New Zealand
**'''(PH)''' Philippines
**'''(SA)''' South Africa
**'''(UK)''' United Kingdom
**'''(US)''' United States of America
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(UN) Vehicle|(UN) Vehicle]]
** [[#(UN) Ground|(UN) Ground]]
** [[#(UN) Naval|(UN) Naval]]
* [[#(UK) Vehicle|(UK) Vehicle]]
** [[#(UK) Ground|(UK) Ground]]
** [[#(UK) Air|(UK) Air]]
* [[#(US) Vehicle|(US) Vehicle]]
** [[#(US) Ground|(US) Ground]]
** [[#(US) Air|(US) Air]]
*** [[#(US) Army (pre-1962)|(US) Army (pre-1962)]]
*** [[#(US) Navy (pre-1962)|(US) Navy (pre-1962)]]
*** [[#(US) Post 1962|(US) Post 1962]]
** [[#(US) Naval|(US) Naval]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(AU) Manufacturer/Designer|(AU) Manufacturer/Designer]]
* [[#(UK) Manufacturer/Designer|(UK) Manufacturer/Designer]]
* [[#(US) Manufacturer/Designer|(US) Manufacturer/Designer]]
** [[#(US)(Army) Air Force|(US)(Army) Air Force]]
** [[#(US) Navy|(US Navy]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(UK) Weaponry|(UK) Weaponry]]
* [[#(US) Weaponry|(US) Weaponry]]

'''Munition'''

* [[#Munition|Munition]]
** [[#(UK) Munition|(UK) Munition]]
** [[#(US) Munition|(US) Munition]]

'''Military'''

* [[#(AU) Military|(AU) Military]]
* [[#(CA) Military|(CA) Military]]
* [[#(NZ) Military|(NZ) Military]]
* [[#(UK) Military|(UK) Military]]
* [[#(US) Military|(US) Military]]
|}
== (UN) Vehicle ==
=== (UN) Ground ===

* '''AA – Anti-Air'''
* '''AAA – Anti-Air Artillery'''
* '''APC – Armoured Personel Carrier'''
** [[Type 60 ATM|Type 60 APC]]
* '''CFV – Cavalry Fighting Vehicle'''
** [[M3A3 Bradley|M3A3 CFV]]
* '''IFV – Infantry Fighting Vehicle'''
** [[Type 89 IFV]]
* '''MBT – Main Battle Tank'''
** [[MBT-70]]
* '''MCV – Mobile Combat Vehicle'''
** [[Type 16|Type 16 MCV]]
* '''MGS – Mobile Gun System'''
** [[M1128|M1128 MGS]]
* '''MLRS – Multiple Launch Rocket System'''
** [[Type 75 MLRS]]
* '''RCV – Recon Combat Vehicle'''
** [[Type 87 RCV]]
* '''SAM – Surface-to-Air Missile'''
** [[Type 93|Type 93 SAM]]
* '''SPAA – Self-Propelled Anti-Air (Gun)'''
** [[Type 87|Type 87 SPAA]]
* '''SPG – Self-Propelled Gun'''
* '''SPH – Self-Propelled Howitzer'''
** [[Type 75 SPH]]
* '''SPRG – Self-Propelled Recoilless Gun'''
** [[Type 60 SPRG (C)|Type 60 SPRG]]

=== (UN) Naval ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Country
!Prefix
!Meaning
!Example
|-
|[[File:Australia flag.png|32x32px|Australia]]
|HMAS
|His/Her Majesty's Australian Ship
|[[HMAS Tobruk]]
|-
|[[File:Canada flag.png|32x32px|Canada]]
|HMCS
|His/Her Majesty's Canadian Ship
|[[HMCS Haida]]
|-
|[[File:FRG flag.png|32x32px|Germany]]
|FGS
|Federal German Ship – NATO designation
|[[Lübeck|FGS Lübeck]]
|-
|[[File:Ireland flag.png|32x32px|Ireland]]
|LÉ
|''Long Éireannach'' – Irish ship
|[[LÉ Orla]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Japan flag.png|32x32px|Japan]]
|IJN
|''Imperial Japanese Navy'' – Not official
|[[IJN Shimakaze]]
|-
|JDS
|Japanese Defense Ship
|[[JDS Yūgure (DD-184)|JDS Yūgure]]
|-
|[[File:New Zealand flag.png|32x32px|New Zealand]]
|HMNZS
|His/Her Majesty's New Zealand Ship
|[[HMNZS Leander]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Britain flag.png|32x32px|United Kingdom]]
|HMS
|His/Her Majesty's Ship
|[[HMS Southampton]]
|-
|HMT
|His/Her Majesty's Trawler
|[[HMS Liscomb|HMT Liscomb]]
|-
|HMMGB
|His/Her Majesty's Motor Gun Boat
|[[SGB Grey Fox|HMMGB Grey Fox]]
|-
|[[File:USA flag.png|32x32px|United States of America]]
|USS
|United States Ship
|[[USS Atlanta]]
|}

== (UK) Vehicle ==
=== (UK) Ground ===

* '''A – Armour Index of the General Staff''' (historical index number)
** [[Churchill Mk I|Infantry Tank Mk IV A22 "Churchill" Mk I]]
* '''AVRE – Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers'''
** [[Centurion Mk.5 AVRE]]
* '''FV – Fighting Vehicle''' (modern index number)
** [[FV4202]]

=== (UK) Air ===

* '''F – Fighter'''
** [[Spitfire F Mk 24|Spitfire F.24]]
* '''FR – Fighter-Reconnaissance'''
** [[Firefly FR Mk V|Firefly FR.V]]
* '''FAW – Fighter All-Weather'''
** [[Sea Venom FAW 20]]
* '''FG – Fighter/Ground attack'''
** [[Phantom FG.1]]
* '''FGA – Fighter/Ground Attack'''
** [[Sea Hawk FGA.6]]
* '''FGR – Fighter/Ground attack/Reconnaissance'''
** [[Phantom FGR.2]]
* '''LF – Low-altitude Fighter (Spitfire only)'''
** [[Seafire LF Mk.III|Seafire L.III]]
* '''LF – Low-altitude Fighter (Spitfire only)'''
** [[Spitfire LF Mk IX|Spitfire LF.IX]]
* '''FB – Fighter-Bomber'''
** [[Sea Fury FB 11]]
* '''GR – Ground attack/Reconnaissance'''
** [[Harrier GR.1]]
* '''B – Bomber'''
** [[Lancaster B Mk III|Lancaster B.III]]
* '''B(I) – Bomber (Interdictor)'''
** [[Canberra B (I) Mk 6|Canberra B(I).6]]
* '''MR – Maritime Reconnaissance'''
** [[Shackleton MR.Mk.2|Shackleton MR.2]]
* '''S – Strike (nuclear capability)'''
** [[Buccaneer S.2]]
* '''TB – Torpedo Bomber'''
** [[Hampden TB Mk I|Hampden TB.I]]
* '''TF – Torpedo-Fighter'''
** [[Firebrand TF Mk IV|Firebrand TF.IV]]

== (US) Vehicle ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>
=== (US) Ground ===

* '''T – Trial''' (model)
** [[T14|Assault Tank T14]]: Trial model 14 heavy tank
* '''M – Model'''
** [[M4|Medium Tank, M4 Sherman]]: Model 4 medium tank
* '''A – Advancement'''
** [[M4A1|Medium Tank, M4A1 Sherman]]: Model 4, Advancement 1 medium tank
* '''E – Experimental'''
** [[M4A3E2|Assault Tank M4A3E2 Jumbo]]: Model 4, Advancement 3, Experimental 2 assault tank
* '''W – Wet munition storage'''
** [[M4A2 (76) W]]
* '''HVSS – Horizontal Volute Spring Suspension'''
** [[M4A3 (105)|Medium Tank M4A3 (105) HVSS Sherman]]
* '''LVT – Landing Vehicle, Tracked'''
** [[LVT-4/40]]
* '''(A) – Armored'''
** [[LVT(A)(1)|LVT(A)-1]]
* '''CCKW – General Motors designation:''' C – designed in 1941, C – conventional cab, K – all-wheel drive, W – dual rear axles
** [[CCKW 353 AA]]
* '''HMC – Howitzer Motor Carriage'''
** [[M8 Scott|M8 HMC]]
* '''GMC – Gun Motor Carriage'''
** [[M18 GMC]]
* '''CGMC – Combination Gun Motor Carriage'''
** [[M15A1 CGMC]]
* '''MGMC – Multiple Gun Motor Carriage'''
** [[M16 MGMC]]
* '''HC – Heavy Common'''
** [[M1A1 HC]]
* '''IP – Improved Performance'''
** [[IPM1]]
* '''RISE – Reliability Improved Selected Equipment'''
** [[M60A1 RISE (P)]]
* '''AOS – Add-On Stabilization'''
** [[M60A1 (AOS)]]
* '''TTS — Tank Thermal Sight'''
** [[M60A3 TTS]]
* '''AMBT — Affordable Main Battle Tank'''
** [[M60 AMBT]]

=== (US) Air ===
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>
==== (US) Army (pre-1962) ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Code
!Meaning
!Example
|-
|A
|Attacker
|[[A-26 (Family)|A-26]]
|-
|B
|Bomber
|[[B-17 (Family)|B-17]]
|-
|F
|Fighter
|[[F-100 (Family)|F-100]]
|-
|H
|Helicopter
|[[H-34]]
|-
|P
|Pursuit
|[[P-38 (Family)|P-38]]
|-
|X-
|Experimental
|[[XA-38]]
|-
|Y-
|Pre-production test
|[[YP-38]]
|}

==== (US) Navy (pre-1962) ====
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''A – Attacker'''
** [[AD-4]]
* '''F – Fighter'''
** [[F4F-3]]
* '''BT – Bomber (torpedo)'''
** [[BTD-1]]
* '''P – Patrol'''
** [[PV-2D]]
* '''PB – Patrol Bomber'''
** [[PBY-5a Catalina]]
* '''SB – Scout Bomber (Dive bomber):'''
** [[SB2U-2]]
* '''TB – Torpedo Bomber'''
** [[TBD-1]]
* '''OS – Observation Scout'''
** [[OS2U-1]]: Navy Observation Scout 2, Vought No.1

==== (US) Post 1962 ====

* '''AH – Attack Helicopter'''
** [[AH-1Z]]
* '''UH – Utility Helicopter'''
** [[UH-1B]]

=== (US) Naval ===
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''AM – Minesweeper'''
** [[USS Candid|USS Candid (AM-154)]]
* '''DD – Destroyer'''
** [[USS Fletcher|Fletcher (DD-445)]]
* '''DL – Destroyer Leader'''
** [[USS Wilkinson|USS Wilkinson (DL-5)]]
* '''DE – Destroyer, Escort'''
* '''CL – Cruiser, Light:''' Light cruiser
** [[USS Brooklyn|USS Brooklyn (CL-40)]]
* '''CA – Cruiser, Armoured:''' Heavy cruiser
** [[USS Pensacola|USS Pensacola (CA-24)]]
* '''CV – Cruiser, Voler:''' Aircraft carrier (historically based on aviation cruisers)
** USS Lexington (CV-2)
* '''CB – Cruiser, Battle:''' Battlecruiser
* '''BB – Battleship'''
** [[USS North Dakota|USS North Dakota (BB-29)]]
* '''PF - Patrol Frigate'''
** [[USS Hoquiam|USS Hoquiam (PF-5)]]
* '''PG – Patrol Gunboat'''
** [[PG 02]]
* '''PGH – Patrol Gunboat Hydrofoil'''
** [[PGH-2]]
* '''PGM – Patrol Gunboat Motor''' (later PG)
** [[USS Asheville|USS Asheville (PGM-84)]]
* '''PT – Patrol Torpedo boat'''
** [[PT-20]]
* '''PTF – Patrol Torpedo boat, Fast'''
** [[PTF-7]]
* '''PC – Patrol Chaser'''
** [[PC-451]]
* '''SC – Submarine Chaser'''
** [[SC-497]]
* '''LCT – Landing Craft, Tank'''
* '''LCS – Landing Craft, Support'''
** [[LCS(L)(3)]]
* '''(L) – Large'''
** [[LCS(L)(3)]]
* '''SS – Submarine'''
* '''SSN – Submarine, Nuclear-powered'''
* '''SSBN – Ballistic Missile Submarine, Nuclear-powered'''

== (AU) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''CAC – Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation'''
** [[Boomerang Mk I (Great Britain)|CAC Boomerang Mk I]]
* '''DAP – Department of Aircraft Production'''
** [[Beaufort Mk VIII|DAP Beaufort Mk VIII]]

== (UK) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''AEC – Associated Equipment Company'''
** [[AEC Mk.II]]
* '''BAe – British Aerospace'''
** [[BAe Swingfire]]
* '''G – Gloster'''
** [[Meteor F Mk 8 G.41K]]
* '''MB – Martin-Baker'''
** [[MB.5]]

== (US) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''GMC – General Motors Company''' (not to be confused with Gun Motor Carriage)

=== (US)(Army) Air Force ===

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
!Code
!Manufacturer
!Location
!Example
|-
|AD
|Aero Design & Engineering Co.
|Bethany, OK
|
|-
|AE
|Aeronca
|Middletown, OH
|
|-
|AG
|Air Glider
|Akron, OH
|
|-
|AH
|American Helicopter
|Manhattan Beach, CA
|
|-
|AV
|Avro Canada
|Montreal, QC, Canada
|
|-
|BA
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Bell|Bell Aircraft Co.]]
|Atlanta, GA
|
|-
|BB
|Babcock Aircraft
|DeLand, FL
|
|-
|BC
|Bell Aerosystems
|Buffalo, NY
|
|-
|BE
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Bell|Bell Aircraft Co.]]
|Buffalo, NT
|
|-
|BF
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Bell|Bell Aircraft Co.]]
|Fort Worth, TX
|
|-
|BH
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Beechcraft|Beechcraft Aircraft Co.]]
|Wichita, KS
|
|-
|BL
|Bellanca
|New Castle, DE
|
|-
|BN
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Boeing|Boeing]]
|Renton, WA
|[[B-29A-BN]]
|-
|BO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Boeing|Boeing]]
|Seattle, WA
|
|-
|BR
|Briegleb Sailplane
|Beverley Hills, CA
|
|-
|BS
|Bowlus
|San Francisco, CA
|
|-
|BU
|Budd
|Philadelphia, PA
|
|-
|BV
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Boeing|Boeing]]-Vertol
|Morton, PA
|
|-
|BW
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Boeing|Boeing]]
|Wichita, KS
|
|-
|CA
|Chase Aircraft
|West Trenton, NJ
|
|-
|CC
|Canadian Commercial Corp.
|Toronto, ON, Canada
|
|-
|CE
|Cessna
|Wichita, KS
|
|-
|CF
|Convair / [[Template:AirManufacturer_Consolidated|Consolidated]]-[[Template:AirManufacturer_Vultee|Vultee]]
|Fort Worth, TX
|
|-
|CH
|Christopher Aircraft
|St. Louis, MO
|
|-
|CK
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Curtiss|Curtiss-Wright]]
|Louisville, KY
|
|-
|CL
|Culver
|Wichita, KS
|
|-
|CM
|Commonwealth Aircraft
|Kansas City, MO
|
|-
|CN
|Chase Aircraft
|Willow Run, MI
|
|-
|CO
|Convair / [[Template:AirManufacturer_Consolidated|Consolidated]]-[[Template:AirManufacturer_Vultee|Vultee]]
|San Diego, CA
|[[B-24D-25-CO]]
|-
|CR
|Cornelius
|Dayton, OH
|
|-
|CS
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Curtiss|Curtiss-Wright]]
|St. Louis, MO
|
|-
|CU
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Curtiss|Curtiss-Wright]]
|Buffalo, NY
|[[P-40F-10|P-40F-10-CU¹]]
|-
|CV
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Vought|(Chance) Vought]]
|Dallas, TX
|
|-
|CAN
|Canadair Ltd.
|Canada
|
|-
|DA
|Doak Aircraft
|Torrance, CA
|
|-
|DC
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Douglas|Douglas Aircraft Co.]]
|Chicago, IL
|
|-
|DE
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Douglas|Douglas Aircraft Co.]]
|El Segundo, CA
|
|-
|DH
|De Havilland Canada
|Toronto, ON, Canada
|
|-
|DJ
|SNCA Sud-Ouest
|Marignane, France
|
|-
|DK
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Douglas|Douglas Aircraft Co.]]
|Oklahoma City, OK
|
|-
|DL
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Douglas|Douglas Aircraft Co.]]
|Long Beach, CA
|
|-
|DM
|Doman Helicopter
|Danbury, CT
|
|-
|DO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Douglas|Douglas Aircraft Co.]]
|Santa Monica, CA
|
|-
|DT
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Douglas|Douglas Aircraft Co.]]
|Tulsa, OK
|[[A-26C-45DT|A-26C-45-DT]]
|-
|FA
|Fairchild
|Hagerstown, MD
|
|-
|FB
|Fairchild
|Burlington, NC
|
|-
|FE
|Fleet
|Fort Erie, ON, Canada
|
|-
|FL
|Fleetwings
|Bristol, PA
|
|-
|FO
|Ford
|Willow Run, MI
|
|-
|FR
|Frankfort
|Joliet, IL
|
|-
|FS
|Firestone
|Los Angeles, CA
|
|-
|FT
|Fletcher Aviation
|Pasadena, CA
|
|-
|FIAT
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Fiat|Fiat Aviation]]
|Italy
|[[F-86K (Italy)|F-86K-FIAT¹]]
|-
|GA
|G & A Aircraft
|Willow Grove, PA
|
|-
|GC
|General Motors (Fisher)
|Cleveland, OH
|
|-
|GE
|General Aircraft
|Astoria, Long Island, NY
|
|-
|GF
|Globe
|Fort Worth, TX
|
|-
|GK
|General Motors
|Kansas City, KS
|
|-
|GM
|General Motors (Fisher)
|Detroit, MI
|
|-
|GN
|Gibson Refrigerator
|Greenville, MI
|
|-
|GO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Goodyear|Goodyear Aircraft Co.]]
|Akron, OH
|
|-
|GR
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Grumman|Grumman Aircraft Engineering Co.]]
|Bethpage, Long Island, NY
|
|-
|GT
|Grand Central Aircraft Eng.
|Tucson, AZ
|
|-
|GY
|Gyrodyne Co., of America
|St. James, Long Island, NY
|
|-
|HE
|Helio
|Norwood, MA
|
|-
|HI
|Higgins Aircraft
|New Orleans, LA
|
|-
|HI
|Hiller
|Palo Alto, CA
|
|-
|HO
|Howard Aircraft
|Chicago, IL
|
|-
|HP
|Handey Page
|Radlett, Herts, UK
|
|-
|HS
|Hawker Siddeley Aviation
|Kingston, Surrey, UK
|
|-
|HU
|Hughes Aircraft
|Culver City & San Diego CA
|
|-
|IN
|Interstate A. & Eng.
|El Segundo, CA
|
|-
|KA
|Kaman
|Windsor Locks, CT
|
|-
|KE
|Kellet
|Philadelphia, PA
|
|-
|KM
|Kaiser Manufacturing
|Willow Run, MI
|
|-
|LK
|Laister-Kauffman
|St. Louis, MO
|
|-
|LM
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Lockheed|Lockheed Aircraft]]
|Marietta, GA
|
|-
|LO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Lockheed|Lockheed Aircraft]]
|Burbank, CA
|[[P-38L-5-LO]]
|-
|MA
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Martin|Glenn L. Martin Co.]]
|Baltimore, MD
|
|-
|MC
|[[Template:AirManufacturer McDonnell|McDonnell Aircraft Co.]]
|St. Louis, MO
|
|-
|MD
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Martin|Glenn L. Martin Co.]]
|Baltimore, MD
|
|-
|MF
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Martin|Glenn L. Martin Co.]]
|Orlando, FL
|
|-
|MH
|McCulloch Motors
|Los Angeles, CA
|
|-
|MM
|[[Template:AirManufacturer McDonnell|McDonnell Aircraft Co.]]
|Memphis, TN
|
|-
|MIT
|[[Template:Manufacturer_MHI|Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd.]]
|Japan
|[[F-86F-40 (Japan)|F-86F-40-MIT]]¹
|-
|MO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Martin|Glenn L. Martin Co.]]
|Omaha, NE
|
|-
|NA
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American Aviation]]
|Inglewood, CA
|[[P-51H-5-NA]]
|-
|NC
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American Aviation]]
|Kansas City, KS
|
|-
|ND
|Noorduyn Aviation
|Montreal, QC, Canada
|
|-
|NF
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American Aviation]]
|Fresno, CA
|
|-
|NH
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American Aviation]]
|Columbus, OH
|
|-
|NI
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American Aviation]]
|Downey, CA
|
|-
|NK
|Nash-Kelvinator
|Detroit, MI
|
|-
|NO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Northrop|Northrop Co.]]
|Hawthorne, CA
|[[P-61C-1|P-61C-1-NO¹]]
|-
|NT
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American Aviation]]
|Dallas, TX
|[[P-51C-11-NT (Japan)|P-51C-11-NT]]
|-
|NW
|Northwestern Aeronautical Co.
|St. Paul, MN
|
|-
|OM
|On Mark Engineering
|Van Nuys, CA
|
|-
|PA
|Piper
|Lock Haven, PA
|
|-
|PH
|Piasecki
|Morton, PA
|
|-
|PI
|Piper
|Lockhaven, PA
|
|-
|PI
|Piasecki
|Philadelphia, PA
|
|-
|PL
|Platt-LePage
|Eddystone, PA
|
|-
|PR
|Pratt, Read & Co.
|Deep River, CT
|
|-
|RA
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Republic|Republic Aircraft Co.]]
|Evansville, IN
|[[P-47D-23-RA (China)|P-47D-23-RA]]
|-
|RD
|Read-York
|Kenosha, WI
|
|-
|RE
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Republic|Republic Aircraft Co.]]
|Farmingdale, Long Island, NY
|[[F-84G-21-RE]]
|-
|RI
|Ridgefield Mfg.
|Ridgeville, NJ
|
|-
|RO
|Robertson Aircraft
|St. Louis, MO
|
|-
|RP
|The Radioplane Co.
|Van Nuys, CA
|
|-
|RY
|Ryan Aeronautical
|San Diego, CA
|
|-
|SA
|Stroukoff
|West Trenton, NJ
|
|-
|SE
|Seibel Helicopter
|Wichita, KS
|
|-
|SI
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Sikorsky|Sikorsky Aircraft Co.]]
|Stratford, CT
|
|-
|SL
|St. Louis Aircraft
|St. Louis, MO
|
|-
|SP
|Spartan
|Tulsa, OK
|
|-
|SW
|Schweizer
|Elmira, NY
|
|-
|TA
|Taylorcraft
|Alliance, OH
|
|-
|TE
|Temco
|Dallas, TX
|
|-
|TG
|Texas Engineering & Manufacturing
|Greenville, TX
|
|-
|TI
|Timm
|Van Nuys, CA
|
|-
|TP
|Texas Engineering & Manufacturing
|Grand Prairie, TX
|
|-
|UH
|United Helicopter
|Palto Alto, CA
|
|-
|UN
|Universal Molded Products
|Bristol, VA
|
|-
|VE
|Vega Aircraft Corp.
|Burbank, CA
|[[B-17G-60-VE]]
|-
|VI
|Canadian Vickers
|Montreal, Canada
|
|-
|VL
|Vertol Aircraft
|Morton, PA
|
|-
|VN
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Vultee|Vultee]]
|Nashville, TN
|
|-
|VO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Vought|Chance Vought]]
|Dallas, TX
|
|-
|VU
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Vultee|Vultee]]
|Downey, CA
|
|-
|VW
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Vultee|Vultee]]
|Wayne, MI
|
|-
|WA
|Ward Furniture Co.
|Fort Smith, AR
|
|-
|WI
|Wichita Engineering
|Wichita Falls, TX
|
|-
|WO
|Waco
|Troy, OH
|
|}

Note:

# Not designated as such in-game.

=== (US) Navy ===
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''A – Brewster'''
** [[F2A-1]] Buffalo: Navy Fighter 2, Brewster No. 1
* '''C – Curtiss'''
** [[SB2C-4]] Helldiver: Navy Scout Bomber 2, Curtiss No. 4
* '''D – Douglas'''
** [[SBD-3]] Dauntless: Navy Scout Bomber, Douglas No. 3
* '''F – Grumman'''
** [[F6F-5]] Hellcat: Navy Fighter 6, Grumman No. 5
* '''H – McDonnell'''
** [[F2H-2]] Banshee: Navy (Jet) Fighter 2, McDonnell No. 2
* '''J – North American'''
** [[PBJ-1H]] Mitchell: Navy Patrol Bomber, North American No. 1
* '''M – Martin'''
** [[PBM-3]] Mariner: Navy Patrol Bomber, Martin No. 3
* '''U – Vought''' (military designation)
** [[OS2U-1]] Kingfisher: Navy Observation Scout 2, Vought No.1
* '''V – Vought''' (company designation)
** [[V-156-B1]]
* '''Y – Consolidated'''
** [[PBY-5 Catalina]]: Navy Patrol Bomber, Consolidated No. 5

== (UK) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''BL – Breech-loading''' (cannon): Usually for (naval) guns of 5 inch calibre and upwards.
** [[6 inch/45 BL Mark XII (152 mm)]]
* '''QF – Quick-firing''' (cannon): Usually for (naval) guns of up to 5 inch calibre.
** [[6 inch/50 QF Mark N5 (152 mm)]]
* '''RP – Remote-powered''' (control): System of direct unified control of turrets (RP.10: Hydraulic, RP.50: Electric)
* '''HA – High-angle''' (mount): Mounting for large-calibre AA guns.
* '''CP – Central-pivot''' (mount): Mounting for naval guns.
* '''BD – Between decks''' (mount): Low profile mountings, noticeably for being flush with the flight decks on carriers
* '''STAAG – Stabilized tachymetric anti-aircraft gun''' (mount)
** [[QF STAAG Mark II (40 mm)]]
* '''ADEN – Armament Development Establishment, Enfield'''
** [[ADEN (30 mm)]]
* '''RARDEN – Royal Armament, Research and Development Establishment, Enfield'''
** [[L21A1 (30 mm)|L21A1 RARDEN (30 mm)]]
* '''pdr – Pounder:''' Gun designations based on the pound (lb) weight of their projectiles.
** [[20pdr OQF Mk.I (84 mm)]]
* '''cwt – Hundredweight (centum weight):''' Gun designations based on weight (barrel and breech) in cwt (1 cwt = 112 lb)
** [[OQF 3in 20cwt (76 mm)]] (20 cwt = 2,250 lb)
* '''GO – Gas Operated'''

== (US) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''CITV – Commander Independent Thermal Viewer'''
* '''MCLOS – Manual Command to Line of Sight'''
* '''SACLOS – Semi-Automatic Command to Line of Sight'''
* '''TOW – Tube-launched, Optically-tracked, Wire-guided'''
** [[BGM-71 TOW]]
* '''VADS – Vulcan Air Defense System'''
* '''AN – Army/Navy'''
** [[AN/M2 (20 mm)]]
* '''HB – Heavy Barrel'''
** [[M2HB (12.7 mm)]]

The 1963 tri-service designation system introduced 3-letter codes for all unmanned guided vehicles (missiles, drones, and probes). This is not a complete list and only contains relevant listings.
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;"></div>
{| class="wikitable"
!First Letter (launch environment)
!Second Letter (mission type)
!Third Letter (projectile type)
!Examples
|-
|A – Air-launched
| rowspan="2" |G – Surface-Attack
| rowspan="4" |M – Missile
| rowspan="4" | [[BGM-71A TOW]] <br> [[AIM-9B Sidewinder]] <br> [[AGM-12B Bullpup]] <br> [[Vanguard-class|UGM-133 Trident II]] <br> [[M81 (152 mm)|MGM-51B Shillelagh]] <br> [[MIM146|MIM-146 ADATS]]
|-
|B – Multiple-launched
|-
|M – Mobile-launched
| rowspan="2" |I – Intercept-Aerial
|-
|U – Underwater-launched
|-
|}

== Munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''B – Ball-Point'''
* '''I – Incendiary'''
* '''I-T – Incendiary Tracer'''
* '''IAI – Immediate Action Incendiary'''
* '''FI – Fragmentation Incendiary'''
* '''FI-T – Fragmentation Incendiary Tracer'''
* '''T – Tracer'''
* '''P – Practice'''
* '''PT – Practice Tracer'''
* '''SAP – Semi-Armour-Piercing'''
* '''SAPI – Semi-Armour-Piercing Incendiary'''
* '''AP – Armour-Piercing'''
* '''API – Armour-Piercing Incendiary'''
* '''AP-T – Armour-Piercing Tracer'''
* '''API-T – Armour-Piercing Incendiary Tracer'''
* '''APC – Armour-Piercing Capped'''
* '''APCBC – Armour-Piercing Capped Ballistic Capped'''
* '''APCR – Armour-Piercing Composite Rigid'''
* '''APHE – Armour-Piercing High-Explosive'''
* '''APDS – Armour-Piercing Discarding Sabot'''
* '''APFSDS – Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot'''
* '''HVAP – High-Velocity Armour-Piercing'''
* '''HVAP-T – High-Velocity Armour-Piercing Tracer'''
* '''HE – High-Explosive'''
* '''HEF – High-Explosive Fragmentation'''
* '''HE-I – High-Explosive Incendiary'''
* '''HEFI – High-Explosive Fragmentation Incendiary'''
* '''HEF-T – High-Explosive Fragmentation Tracer'''
* '''HEFI-T – High-Explosive Fragmentation Incendiary Tracer'''
* '''HESH – High-Explosive Squash-Head'''
* '''HEAT – High-Explosive Anti-Tank'''
* '''HEATFS – High-Explosive Anti-Tank Fin-Stabilized'''
* '''ATGM – Anti-Tank Guided Missile'''
* '''GP – General Purpose''' (bomb)
* '''MC – Medium Capacity''' (bomb)
* '''HC – High Capacity''' (bomb)

=== (UK) Munition ===

* '''RP – Rocket Projectile'''
** [[RP-3]]

=== (US) Munition ===

* '''HVAR – High Velocity Aircraft Rocket'''
** [[HVAR]]
* '''FFAR – Forward-Firing Aircraft Rocket or Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket'''
** [[FFAR Mighty Mouse]]
* '''WAFAR – Wrap-Around Fin Aerial Rocket'''
* '''SSWAFAR – Spin-Stabilized Wrap-Around Fin Aerial Rocket'''

== (AU) Military ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''RAAF – Royal Australian Air Force'''

== (CA) Military ==

* '''RCAF – Royal Canadian Air Force'''

== (NZ) Military ==

* '''RNZAF – Royal New Zealand Air Force'''

== (UK) Military ==

* '''RAF – Royal Air Force'''
* '''RN – Royal Navy'''
* '''FAA – Fleet Air Arm:''' Royal Navy Air Force

== (US) Military ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''USAAF – United States Army Air Force'''
* '''USAF – United States Air Force'''
* '''USMC – United States Marine Corps'''
** [[M3A1 (USMC)]]
* '''USN – United States Navy'''
* '''VMF – Marine Fighter Squadron:''' V – Fixed-wing aircraft, M – Marine Corps, F – Fighter
** [[F4U-4B VMF-214]]: Marine Fighter Squadron No. 214
* '''VMA – Marine Attacker Squadron:''' V – Fixed-wing aircraft, M – Marine Corps, A – Attacker

= Finnish =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! Finnish abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Finnish">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(FI) Vehicle|(FI) Vehicle]]
** [[#(FI) Air Force designations|(FI) Air Force designations]]
** [[#(FI) Finnish Armour Registry|(FI) Finnish Armour Registry]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(FI) Weaponry|(FI) Weaponry]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(FI) Manufacturer/Designer|(FI) Manufacturer/Designer]]
|}
== (FI) Vehicle ==
=== (FI) Air Force designations ===
[[File:Finnish_Fokker_D.XXI_WTWallpaper_05.jpg|thumb|Finnish Air Force designations are painted on the side of aircraft and acts as the prefix to their airframe number.]]

;In-Game

* '''BW – Brewster''' (Designation for the Brewster Buffalo model 239 ([[F2A (Family)]]))
** [[B-239 (Sweden)|B-239]]
* '''CU – Curtis''' (Designation for the [[P-36 (Family)|Curtiss Hawk 75 series]])
** '''CUc – Curtis Cyclone''' (Designation for the [[P-36 (Family)|Curtiss Hawk 75 series]] with Wright R-1820 Cyclone engine)
** '''CUw – Curtis Wasp''' (Designation for the [[P-36 (Family)|Curtiss Hawk 75 series]] with Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp engine
*** [[Hawk H-75A-2 (Germany)|▀Hawk H-75A-2]]
* '''FR – Fokker''' (Designation for the Fokker D.XXI series)
** '''FRm – Fokker Mercury''' (Designation for the Fokker D.XXI with Bristol Mercury engine)
*** [[Fokker D.XXI]] series 1
*** [[Fokker D.XXI-3 (Sweden)|okker D.XXI series 3]]
** '''FRw – Fokker Wasp''' (Designation for the Fokker D.XXI with Pratt & Whitney R-1535 Twin Wasp Junior engine)
* '''HC – Hurricane''' (Designation for the Hawker Hurricane series)
** [[Hurricane Mk I/L (Sweden)|▄Hurricane Mk I/L]]
* '''JK – Junkers''' (Designation for the Junkers [[Ju 88 (Family)|Ju 88 series]])
** [[Ju 88 A-4 (Sweden)|▄Ju 88 A-4]]
* '''MG – MiG''' (Designation for the [[MiG-21 (Family)|MiG-21 series]])
** [[MiG-21bis (Sweden)|▄MiG-21bis]]
** '''MGT – MiG Tiedustelu:''' MiG Reconnaissance (Designation for the Finnish reconnaissance version of the [[MiG-21F-13]])
** '''MGBT – MiG Bis Tiedustelu:''' MiG Bis Reconnaissance (Designation for the Finnish reconnaissance version of the [[MiG-21bis]])
* '''MS – Morane-Saulnier''' (Designation for the Morane-Saulnier [[M.S.406C1]], [[M.S.410]])
** '''MSv – Morane-Saulnier VK''' or '''Morane-Saulnier Venäläinen:''' Morane-Saulnier Russian (Designation for the Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 with Russian VK-105 engine)
*** [[Mörkö-Morane]]
* '''MT – Messerschmitt''' (Designation for the Messerschmitt [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109 series]])
** [[Bf 109 G-2 (Sweden)|▄Bf 109 G-2]]
** [[Bf 109 G-6 (Sweden)|▄Bf 109 G-6]]
** [[Bf 109 G-6 Erla (Sweden)|▄Bf 109 G-6 (Erla canopy)]]
* '''PM – Pyörremyrsky''' (Designation for the VL [[Pyörremyrsky]])

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
;Other designations
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* '''BL – Blenheim''' (Designation for the Bristol Blenheim, Mk I, [[Blenheim Mk IV]])
* '''BU – Bulldog''' (Designation for the Bristol Bulldog series)
* '''CA – Caudron''' (Designation for the Caudron [[C.R.714]])
* '''DK – Draken''' (Designation for the Saab 35 Draken series)
* '''DN – Dornier''' (Designation for the Dornier [[Do 17 (Family)|Do 17 series]])
* '''FA – Freccia''' (Designation for the Fiat [[G.50 (Family)|G.50 series]])
* '''FK – Fokker''' (Designation for the Fokker C.X)
* '''GL – Gladiator''' (Designation for the Gloster [[Gladiator (Family)|Gladiator series]])
* '''GN – Gnat''' (Designation for the Folland Gnat)
* '''GT – Gauntlet''' (Designation for the Gloster Gauntlet)
* '''HM – Humu''' (Designation for the VL Humu)
* '''HW – Hawk''' (Designation for the BAE Systems Hawk)
* '''IH – Istrebitel Hävittäjät:''' Istrebitel (Истребитель) Fighter (Designation for the Polikarpov [[I-15 M-22]], [[I-15bis]])
* '''IT – Istrebitel Tiedustelulentokoneet:''' Istrebitel (Истребитель) Reconnaissance aircraft (Designation for the Polikarpov [[I-153 M-62]])
* '''JF – Jaktfalken''' (Designation for the Svenska Aero [[J6B|Jaktfalken series]])
* '''KH – Kittyhawk''' (Designation for the Curtis [[P-40 (Family)|P-40 Kittyhawk series]])
* '''LG – LaGG''' (Designation for the Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov [[LaGG-3 (Family)|LaGG-3 series]])
* '''MY – Myrsky''' (Designation for the VL Myrsky series)
* '''NH – Neuvostoliittolainen Hinauskone:''' Soviet Towing-plane (Designation for the [[IL-28]], IL-28R)
* '''PE – Petlyakov''' (Designation for the Petlyakov [[Pe-2 (Family)|Pe-2 series]] and [[Pe-3 (Family)|Pe-3 series]])
* '''SB – Skorostnoi Bombardirovschik:''' (Скоростной бомбардировщик) High-speed Bomber (Designation for the Tupolev [[SB (Family)|SB 2M series]])
* '''VA – Vampire''' (Designation for the de Havilland Vampire Mk 52)
* '''VH – Venäläinen Hävittäjät:''' Russian Fighter (Early designation for the Polikarpov [[I-15 (Family)|I-15 series]])
* '''VP – Vänäläinen Pommikoneet:''' Russian Bomber (Early designation for the Tupolev [[SB (Family)|SB 2M series]])
* '''VT – Vampire Trainer''' (Designation for the de Havilland Vampire Mk 55)
</div></div>

=== (FI) Finnish Armour Registry ===
{{Notice|Only in-game equipment will be noted.}}
The '''Panssarirekisteri''', translated as ''Armour Registry'' is an index for Finnish armoured vehicles ranging from recovery vehicles, tanks and other.

*Ps. 001 - 099 | Armoured Car
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
;* Ps. 100 - 199 | Light Tank
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* Ps. 141 - [[PT-76 (Sweden)|PT-76B]]
:* Ps. 161 - [[Vickers Mk.E]] (Inc. [[T-26E (Sweden)|T-26E]])
</div></div>
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
;* Ps. 200 - 299 | Tank
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* Ps. 221 - [[Pz.IV (Sweden)|PzKw IV J]]
:* Ps. 231 - [[T-34 (Sweden)|T-34-76]]
:* Ps. 241 - [[T-28 (Sweden)|T-28]]
:* Ps. 245 - [[T-34-85 (Sweden)|T-34-85]]
:* Ps. 251 - [[Charioteer Mk VII (Sweden)|Charioteer Mk VII]]
:* Ps. 252 - [[Comet I (Sweden)|Comet I]]
:* Ps. 262 - [[T-54 (Sweden)|T-54]]
:* Ps. 264 - [[T-72M1 (Sweden)|T-72M1]]
:* Ps. 272 - [[KV-IB (Germany)|KV-1E]]
:* Ps. 273 - [[Leopard 2A4 (Sweden)|Leopard 2A4]]
:* Ps. 274 - [[Leopard 2A6 (Sweden)|Leopard 2A6NL]]
</div></div>

* Ps. 300 - 399 | ... 
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
;* Ps. 400 - 499 | Anti-Air
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* Ps. 455 - ItPsv 41 ([[L-62 ANTI II]])
:* Ps. 461 - ItPsv SU-57 ([[ZSU-57-2 (Sweden)|ZSU-57-2]])
:* Ps. 477 - [[ItO 90M]]
</div></div>
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
;* Ps. 500 - 599 | Self-propelled guns
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* Ps. 511 - [[BT-42]]
</div></div>

* Ps. 600 - 699 | Armoured personnel carriers
* Ps. 700 - 799 | Engineering Vehicles

== (FI) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Finnish|'''Back to the Finnish table''']]</div>

* '''Psv. – Panssarivaunu:''' Tank
** '''Psv.K – Panssarivaunu Kanuuna:''' Tank Cannon
*** '''[[Psv.K/36 (37 mm)|37 Psv.K/36]]''' (Swedish [[Kan m/38 (37 mm)|Kan m/36 (37 mm)]])
*** '''45 Psv.K/32 – 38''' (▂ [[20-K (45 mm)]] model 32 – 38)
*** '''75 Psv.K/40''' (▀ [[KwK40 L48 (75 mm)]] and [[StuK40 L48 (75 mm)]])
*** '''76 Psv.K/27''' (▂ [[L-10 (76 mm)]])
*** '''76 Psv.K/34''' (▂ [[F-32 (76 mm)]])
*** '''76 Psv.K/F-34''' (▂ [[F-34 (76 mm)]])
*** '''76 Psv.K/39''' (▂ [[ZiS-5 (76 mm)]])
*** '''85 Psv.K/44''' (▂ [[ZiS-S-53 (85 mm)]])
*** '''152 Psv.K/37''' (▂ [[ML-20S (152 mm)]])
** '''Psv.H – Panssarivaunu Haupitsi:''' Tank Howitzer
*** '''[[Psv.H/18 (114 mm)|114 Psv.H/18]]''' (British Q.F. 4.5 inch Howitzer Mk 2)
* '''LKk – LentoKonekivääri :''' Aircraft machine gun (literally: Air Machine rifle)
** [[LKk/42_(12.7_mm)|12.7 mm LKk/42 machine gun]]
* '''ItO – Ilmaturjuntaohjus:''' Anti-air missile (literally: Air protection missile)
** [[ItO 90M]] (vehicle named after its weapon system)
* '''ItPsv - Ilmatorjuntapanssarivaunu:''' Anti-air tank (literally: Air protection tank)
** ItPsv 41 ([[L-62 ANTI II]])
** ItPsv SU-57 ([[ZSU-57-2 (Sweden)|ZSU-57-2]])

== (FI) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''IVL – Ilmailuvoimien Lentokonetehdas:''' The Air Force's aircraft factory
* '''VL – Valtion Lentokonetehdas:''' State Aircraft factory
* '''VKT – Valtion Kivääritehdas:''' State Rifle factory

= French =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! French abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="French">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|French is spoken as a military language in (among others) the following countries:

*'''(BE)''' Belgium
*'''(CA)''' Canada
*'''(CH)''' Switzerland
*'''(FR)''' France
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(FR) Vehicle|(FR) Vehicle]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(FR) Weaponry|(FR) Weaponry]]
* [[#(BE) Weaponry|(BE) Weaponry]]

'''Munition'''

* [[#(FR) Munition|(FR) Munition]]

'''Prefix/Suffix'''

* [[#(FR) Prefix/Suffix|(FR) Prefix/Suffix]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(FR) Manufacturer/Designer|(FR) Manufacturer/Designer]]
* [[#(BE) Manufacturer/Designer|(BE) Manufacturer/Designer]]

'''Military'''

* [[#(FR) Military|(FR) Military]]
|}

== (FR) Vehicle ==

* '''Char – Char de bataille:''' Battle tank
** [[Char 25t]]
* '''AMC – Automitrailleuse de Combat:''' Combat machine gun (vehicle)
** [[AMC.34 YR]]
* '''AMD – Automitrailleuse de Découverte:''' Scout machine gun (vehicle)
** [[AMD.35]]
* '''AMR – Automitrailleuse de Reconnaissance:''' Scout machine gun (vehicle)
** [[AMR.35 ZT3]]
* '''AML – Automitrailleuse Légère:''' Light machine gun (vehicle)
** [[AML-90]]
* '''DCA – Défense contre avions:''' Anti-air defense
** [[AMX-30 DCA]]
* '''EBR – Engin Blindé de Reconnaissance:''' Armoured reconnaissance vehicle
** [[E.B.R. (1954)]]
* '''VTT – Véhicule de transport de troupe:''' Armoured personnel carrier (literally: Troop transport vehicle)
* '''CA – Canon d'assaut:''' Tank destroyer (literally: Assault cannon)
** [[CA Lorraine]]
* '''CAu – Canon automoteur:''' Self-propelled gun
** [[SAu 40|CAu SAu 40]]
* '''CC – Chasseur de Chars:''' Tank destroyer (literally: Tank hunter)
** [[Lorraine 37L|CC Lorraine]]
* '''TRC – Tracteur de ravitaillement pour chars:''' Tank supply tractor
* '''RC – Roues-Canon:''' Wheeled gun (carrier)
** [[AMX-10RC]]
* '''Mle – Modèle:''' Model
** [[Mle 1923 (7.5 mm)]]

== (FR) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#French|'''Back to the French table''']]</div>

* '''AAT – Arme Automatique Transformable:''' general-purpose machine gun
* '''SA – Semi-automatique:''' Semi-automatic (cannon)
** [[SA35 L/32 (47 mm)]]
* '''CA – Canon antiaérien:''' Anti-aircraft cannon
* '''CN – Canon:''' cannon (tank)
** [[CN-105-F1 (105 mm)]]
* '''CAD – Canon antiaérien double:''' Twin (mount) anti-aircraft cannon
* '''CAQ – Canon antiaérien quadruple:''' Quad (mount) anti-aircraft cannon
* '''T – Tourelle:''' turret-mounted (aircraft)
** [[MAC 1934T (7.5 mm)]]

== (BE) Weaponry ==

* '''MAG – Mitrailleuse d'Appui Général:''' general support machine gun
** [[FN MAG (7.92 mm)]]
** [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)]]

== (FR) Munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#French|'''Back to the French table''']]</div>

* '''ACRA – Anti-Char Rapide Autopropulsé:'''Anti-Tank Quick Self-propelled (missile)
** [[ACRA (142 mm)]]
* '''Ch.F – Charge Forte:''' (literally: Strong charge) Designates a shell whose propellant charge is bigger than usual shells. Effects are a higher initial speed, increased penetration but more stress and heating for the cannon.
* '''HOT – Haut Subsonique Optiquement Téléguidé:''' High Subsonic, Optical Remote-Guided, Tube-Launched (missile)
** [[HOT]]
* '''OE – Obus Explosif:''' High-explosive shell
* '''OEA – Obus Explosif Acier:''' High-explosive fuzed (AA) shell
* '''OEcl – Obus Eclairant:''' Illumination shell
* '''OPf – Obus Perforant:''' Armour-piercing shell
* '''OPfK – Obus Perforant (avec colorant) K:''' Armour-piercing naval shell (with type K spotting dye)
* '''OFl – Obus Flèche:''' APDS shell (literally: Dart shell)
* '''OCC – Obus Charge Creuse:''' HEAT shell (literally: Hollow charge shell)
* '''PCOT – Perforant Coiffé Ogive Traceur:''' Armour-piercing Capped Tracer shell
* '''POT – Perforant Ogive Traceur:''' Armour-piercing Tracer shell
* '''AA – Air-Air:''' Air-to-air (missile)
** [[AA-20 Nord]]
* '''AS – Air-Sol:''' Air-to-ground (missile)
** [[AS-20 Nord]]
* '''SS – Sol-Sol:''' Ground-to-ground (missile)
** [[SS.11]]
* '''TP – Traceuse Perforante:''' Armour-piercing Tracer shell

== (FR) Prefix/Suffix ==

* '''bis:''' Second (iteration)
** [[B1 bis]]
* '''ter:''' Third (iteration)
** [[B1 ter]]

== (FR) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#French|'''Back to the French table''']]</div>

* '''AMX – Atelier de Construction d'Issy-Les-Moulineaux:''' Issy-Les-Moulineaux construction workshop
** [[AMX-13]]
* '''APX – Atelier de Puteaux'''
* '''ACL – Atelier et Chantiers de la Loire'''
** [[ARL-44 (ACL-1)]]
* '''ARL – Atelier de Construction de Rueil:''' Rueil construction workshop
** [[ARL-44]]
* '''GIAT – Groupement Industriel de l'Armement Terrestre''' Industrial group for land weapon systems
** [[GIAT M781 (30 mm)]]
* '''S/SOMUA – Société d'outillage mécanique et d'usinage d'artillerie:''' Mechanical tooling and artillery machining company
** Char de cavalerie SOMUA 1935 S ([[S.35]])
* '''NC/SNCAC – Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Centre'''
** [[NC.900]]
* '''SA/SNCASE – Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud-Est'''
** [[SA.313B Alouette II]]
* '''SO/SNCASO – Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud-Ouest'''
** [[S.O.8000 Narval]]
* '''FCM – Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée'''
** [[FCM.36]]
* '''DEFA – Direction des Études et Fabrications d'Armes'''
** [[DEFA 551 (30 mm)]]
* '''MAC – Manufacture d'Armes de Châtellerault:''' Châtellerault weapons manufacturer
** [[MAC 1934 (7.5 mm)]]
* '''FL – Fives-Lille'''
** [[M4A1 (FL10)]]
* '''R – Renault'''
** [[R.35 (SA38)]]
* '''H – Hotchkiss'''
** [[H.35]]
* '''L – Lorraine'''
** [[Lorraine 37L]]
* '''D – Dewoitine'''
** Dewoitine [[D.520]]
* '''C/CR – Caudron(-Renault)'''
** Caudron [[C.R.714]]
* '''MS – Morane-Saulnier'''
** Morane-Saulnier [[M.S.405C1]]
* '''F – Farman'''
** Farman [[F.222.2]]
* '''MB – Marcel Bloch''' (renamed to Dassault in 1949)
** Bloch [[M.B.174A-3]]
* '''MD – Marcel Dassault'''
** Dassault [[M.D.452 IIA]]
* '''LeO – Lioré-et-Olivier'''
** Lioré-et-Olivier [[LeO 451 early]]
* '''VG – Arsenal''' (named after Michel Vernisse and Jean Galtier)
** Arsenal [[V.G.33C-1]]
* '''VB – Arsenal''' (named after Michel Vernisse and Michel Badie)
** Arsenal [[VB.10C-1]]
* '''HS – Hispano-Suiza'''
** [[Hispano HS.9 (20 mm)]]

== (BE) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''FN – Fabrique Nationale Herstal''' (National Factory Herstal)
** [[FN M3P (12.7 mm)]]
* '''FRC – Fonderie Royale des Canons''' (Royal Cannon Foundry)
* '''SABCA – Société Anonyme Belge de Constructions Aéronautiques:''' Belgian Limited Company of Aeronautical Constructions
* '''SV – Stampe-Vertongen'''
** '''R – Renard''' (named after Alfred Renard)
*** Renard R.36

== (FR) Military ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#French|'''Back to the French table''']]</div>

* '''BCC – Battalion de Chars de Combat:''' Battle tank battalion
* '''RCC – Régiment de Chars de Combat:''' Battle tank regiment
* '''DCr – Division Cuirassée:''' Armoured division
* '''MN – Marine Nationale:''' French navy (literally: National navy)
* '''FNFL – Forces Navales Françaises Libres:''' Free French naval forces
* '''FAFL – Forces Aériennes Françaises Libres:''' Free French air forces

= German =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! German abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="German">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|German is spoken as a military language in (among others) the following countries:

*'''(AT)''' Austria
*'''(CH)''' Switzerland
*'''(DE)''' Germany
**'''(FRG)''' Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany)
**'''(GDR)''' German Democratic Republic (East Germany)
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(DE) Vehicle|(DE) Vehicle]]
** [[#(DE) Ground|(DE) Ground]]
*** [[#(DE) Sd.Kfz. Index|(DE) Sd.Kfz. Index]]
** [[#(DE) Air|(DE) Air]]
** [[#(DE) Naval|(DE) Naval]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(CH) Weaponry|(CH) Weaponry]]
* [[#(DE) Weaponry|(DE) Weaponry]]

'''Munition'''

* [[#(DE) Munition|(DE) Munition]]

'''Prefix/Suffix'''

* [[#(DE) Prefix/Suffix|(DE) Prefix/Suffix]]
** [[#(DE) Beutepanzers|(DE) Beutepanzers]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(DE) Manufacturer/Designer|(DE) Manufacturer/Designer]]

'''Military'''

* [[#(DE) Military|(DE) Military]]
|}

== (DE) Vehicle ==
=== (DE) Ground ===

;(DE) WWII

* '''Pz. – Panzer:''' Tank (literally: Armour)
** '''Wg. – Wagen:''' Vehicle
** '''Kpfw. – Kampfwagen:''' (literally: Combat vehicle)
*** [[Pz.IV F2|Pz.Kpfw. IV F2]]
** '''J./Jg./Jgd. – Jagd''' (Tank based) tank destroyer (literally: Hunt)
* '''Sp. – Späh:''' Scout
* '''Bfw. – Befehl(s):''' Command
** [[Bfw. Jagdpanther]]
* '''Stu – Sturm:''' Assault
** '''G – Geschütz:''' Gun
*** [[StuG III A]]
** '''H – Haubitze:''' Howitzer
*** [[StuH 42 G]]
** '''K – Kanone:''' Cannon
*** [[StuK40 L43 (75 mm)]]
*** [[StuK40 L48 (75 mm)]]
* '''Pz.W./Pz.Wfr. – Panzerwerfer:''' Anti-tank rocket launcher (literally: Tank thrower)
** [[15 cm Pz.W.42]]
* '''VK – Versuchskonstruktion:''' Trial design (literally: Experimental construction) or '''Vollketten/Vollkettenfahrzeug:''' Fully tracked/Fully tracked vehicle
** [[VK 3002 (M)|VK 30.02 (M)]]
** [[VK 45.01 (P)]]
* '''E – Entwicklung:''' Development (refers to the proposed standardised tank development projects)
** [[E-100]]
* '''Ausf. – Ausführung:''' Model
* '''Fgst. – Fahrgestell:''' Chassis
** [[Flakpanzer 38|Flakpanzer 38, 2 cm, Pz.Fgst.38 (t) Sf.]]
* '''Sf./Sfl. – Selbstfahrlafette:''' Self-propelled gun (literally: Self-propelled carriage)
** [[Pz.Sfl.Ic]]
* '''GW – Geschützwagen:''' (Heavy) self-propelled gun (literally: Gun vehicle)
* '''ZgKw – Zugkraftwagen:''' Truck
* '''Zug – Zugkraftwagen:''' Truck (not to be confused with "Zug", train, or "Zug", platoon)

;(GDR) / (FGR) Post-War

* '''KPz – Kampfpanzer:''' Battle tank
** [[KPz-70]]
* '''SPz – Schützenpanzer:''' Infantry fighting vehicle (literally: Rifleman's tank)
** [[SPz BMP-1]]
* '''SPW — Schützenpanzerwagen:''' Armoured personnel carrier (literally: Rifleman's armoured vehicle)
* '''JPz – Jagdpanzer:''' (Tank based) tank destroyer (literally: Hunting tank)
** [[JPz 4-5]]
** '''Rak – Raketen:''' (Missile-carrier based) tank destroyer (literally: Rocket hunting tank)
*** [[RakJPz 2]]
* '''VT – Versuchsträger:''' Test-bed (literally: Experiment carrier)
** [[VT1-2]]

==== (DE) Sd.Kfz. Index====
{{Notice|Only in-game available vehicles & relevant base vehicle are noted down}}
'''{{Annotation|Sonderkraftfahrzeug|special purpose vehicle}}''' (abbreviated '''Sd.Kfz.''') was the ordnance inventory designation used by Nazi Germany during World War II for military vehicles ranging from armoured, tracked & half-tracked.

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Sd.Kfz. 1 – 99:''' Unarmoured half-tracked vehicles:
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:*'''Sd.Kfz. 4''' (Maultier based on 4.5-ton trucks)
:** [[15 cm Pz.W.42|'''Sd.Kfz. 4/2''' (15 cm Pz.W.42)]]
:*'''Sd.Kfz. 6''' (5-ton medium halftrack for engineers)
:** '''{{Annotation|Sd.Kfz. 6/1|AI vehicle}}''' (5-ton medium half-track for the artillery)
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz. 6/2]]''' (self-propelled [[FlaK 36 (37 mm)]])
:*'''Sd.Kfz. 9''' (18-ton heavy half-track)
:** [[8,8 cm Flak 37 Sfl.]] ('''Sd.Kfz.9''' with [[FlaK 37 (88 mm)]])
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Sd.Kfz. 100 – 199:''' Tanks and tank variants, such as tank destroyers and self-propelled artillery:
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 121''': [[Pz.II (Family)|Pz.II Ausf. A – F]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 138''': [[Marder III H]] (75 mm AT-gun)
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 138/2''': [[Jagdpanzer 38(t)]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 139''': [[Marder III]] (76.2 mm AT-gun)
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 140''': [[Flakpanzer 38]](t)
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz. 140/1]]'''
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 141''': [[Panzer III (Family)|Pz.III A – J]] ([[KwK36 (37 mm)]] or [[KwK L/42 (50 mm)]])
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 141/1''': [[Panzer III (Family)|Pz.III J1 – M]] ([[KwK39 (50 mm)]] L/60)
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 141/2''': [[Panzer III (Family)|Pz.III N]] ([[KwK37 (75 mm)]])
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 142''': [[StuG III (Family)|StuG III A – E]] ([[KwK37 (75 mm)]])
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 142/1''': [[StuG III (Family)|StuG III F – G]] ([[StuK40 L43 (75 mm)]] or [[StuK40 L48 (75 mm)]])
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 142/2''': [[StuG III (Family)|StuH 42]] ([[StuH42 (105 mm)]])
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 161''': [[Pz.IV (Family)|Pz.IV A – F1]] ([[KwK37 (75 mm)]])
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 161/1''': [[Pz.IV (Family)|Pz.IV F2 – G]] ([[KwK40 L43 (75 mm)]])
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 161/2''': [[Pz.IV (Family)|Pz.IV G – J]] ([[KwK40 L48 (75 mm)]])
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 161/3''': [[Ostwind]], [[Kugelblitz]], Möbelwagen
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 161/4''': [[Wirbelwind]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 162''': [[Jagdpanzer IV]]
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 162/1''': [[Panzer IV/70(V)]] & [[Panzer IV/70(A)]] (Jagdpanzer IV with [[PaK42 (75 mm)]] L/70)
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 164''': [[Nashorn]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 166''': [[Brummbar]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 171''': [[Panther tank (Family)|Pz.V 'Panther']]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 172''': [[Panther II|Pz.V 'Panther II']]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 173''': [[Jagdpanther]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 181''': [[Tiger I (Family)|Pz.VI 'Tiger']]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 182''': [[Tiger II (Family)|Pz.VI 'Tiger II']]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 184''': [[Ferdinand]] / [[Elefant]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 186''': [[Jagdtiger]]
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Sd.Kfz. 200 – 299:''' Reconnaissance vehicles, armoured cars, armoured personnel carriers, and command tanks:
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* '''Sd.Kfz.221''': (Leichter Panzerspähwagen (M.G.))
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.221 (s.Pz.B.41)]]'''
:* '''Sd.Kfz.222''': (Leichter Panzerspähwagen (2 cm))
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.222]]'''
:* '''[[Sd.Kfz.234 (Family)|Sd.Kfz. 234]]''': (Schwerer Panzerspähwagen)
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.234/1]]'''
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.234/2]]'''
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.234/3]]'''
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.234/4]]'''
:* '''[[Sd.Kfz.251 (Family)|Sd.Kfz. 251]]''': (medium armoured half-track)
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.251/9]]'''
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.251/10]]'''
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.251/21]]'''
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.251/22]]'''
</div></div>

* '''Sd.Kfz. 300+:''' Mine-clearing and demolition charge laying vehicles

=== (DE) Air ===
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#German|'''Back to the German table''']]</div>

* '''StuKa – Sturzkampfflugzeug:''' Dive bomber (literally: Dive attack aeroplane)
* '''PAH – Panzerabwehrhubschrauber:''' Anti-tank helicopter
** [[BO 105 PAH-1]]

=== (DE) Naval ===

* '''Z – Zerstörer:''' Destroyer
** [[Z20 Karl Galster]]
* '''K – Kanonenboot:''' Gun boat
** [[K2]]
* '''T – Torpedoboot:''' Torpedo boat
** [[T31]]
* '''R – Räumboot:''' Mine sweeper
** [[R-41]]
* '''S – Schnellboot:''' Fast attack craft
** [[S-100]]
* '''LS – Leichte-Schnellboot:''' Light fast attack craft
** [[LS 3]]
* '''VS – Versuchs-Schnellboot:''' Experimental fast attack craft
** [[VS-10]]
* '''SF – Siebelfähre:''' Siebel ferry (named after Friedrich Siebel)
** [[SF40 Light]]
* '''AF/AFP – Artilleriefährprahm:''' Artillery ferry barge
** [[AF D1]]
* '''MZ – Mehrzweckboot:''' Multi-purpose boat
** [[MZ1]]
* '''U – Unterseeboot:''' Submarine

== (CH) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#German|'''Back to the German table''']]</div>

* '''KDA''' – '''K'''anone, Kalibergruppe '''D''', Ausführung '''A''': Cannon, calibre group D (30 mm+), variant A (belt-fed)
** [[Oerlikon KDA (35 mm)]]
* '''KAD''' – '''K'''anone, Kalibergruppe '''A''', Ausführung '''D''': Cannon, calibre group A (20 mm), variant D
** [[Oerlikon KAD (20 mm)]]

== (DE) Weaponry ==

* '''FH – Feldhaubitze:''' Field howitzer
* '''IG – Infanteriegeschütz:''' Infantry gun
** [[s.I.G.33 (150 mm)]]
* '''Sfl – Selbstfahrlafette:''' Self-propelled gun (literally: Self-propelled mount/chassis/underlayer)
* '''KwK – Kampfwagenkanone:''' Tank gun (literally: Combat vehicle cannon)
** [[KwK42 (75 mm)]]
* '''PaK – Panzerabwehrkanone:''' Anti-tank gun (literally: Armour-defense cannon)
** [[PaK39 L48 (75 mm)]]
* '''FlaK/Flak – Flugabwehrkanone/Fliegerabwehrkanone:''' Anti-air gun (literally: Air-defense cannon)
** [[FlaK43 (37 mm)]]
* '''MG – Maschinengewehr:''' Machine gun (literally: Machine rifle)
** [[MG34 (7.92 mm)]]
* '''MG FF – Maschinengewehr Flügel Fest:''' Machine gun wing-fixed
** [[MG FF (20 mm)]]
* '''MG FF/M – Maschinengewehr Flügel Fest/Minengeschoß:''' Machine gun wing-fixed/mineshot
** [[MG FF/M (20 mm)]]
* '''MK – Maschinenkanone:''' Autocannon (literally: Machine cannon), occasionally '''Motorkanone''', cannon firing through an engine
** [[MK 108 (30 mm)]]
* '''SK – Schiffskanone:''' Ship cannon (originally used as Schnellfeuerkanone: Quick-firing cannon during WWI)
** [[SK C/32 (105 mm)]]
* '''TbtK – Torpedobootskanone:''' Torpedo boat cannon (also used for some destroyer turrets/guns)
* '''BK – Bordkanone:''' Board cannon (large calibre guns equipped on aircraft)
** [[BK 3.7 (37 mm)]]
* '''BR – Bordrakete:''' Board rocket (rockets equipped to aircraft)
* '''K – Kanone:''' Cannon
* '''T – Torpedo'''
* '''LT – Lufttorpedo:''' Aerial torpedo (torpedoes used by aircraft)
* '''L/ – Länge:''' Length (refers to calibre-length of gun barrels)
** [[KwK36 (88 mm)|8.8 cm L/56 KwK36]] (barrel length of 56 x 88 mm = 4.928 m)
* '''C/ – Construktionsjahr:''' Year of construction (archaic spelling of Konstruktion)
** [[2 cm/65 C/38 (20 mm)]] (model of 1938)
* '''L – Lafette:''' Gun mount
* '''DopL – Doppellafette:''' Twin gun mount (literally: Double mount)
* '''DrhL – Drehturmlafette:''' Turret gun mount (literally: Turntable turret mount)
* '''Pz.B. – Panzerbüchse:''' Anti-tank rifle (literally: Tank rifled gun
** [[s.Pz.B.41 (28/20 mm)]]

== (DE) Munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#German|'''Back to the German table''']]</div>

* '''Gr – Granate:''' Grenade (synonymous with shell)
* '''Br – Brandkörper:''' Incendiary charge (literally: Blaze body)
* '''KGr – Kanonengranate:''' Cannon shell (literally: Cannon grenade)
* '''PzGr – Panzergranate:''' Armour-piercing shell (literally: Armour grenade)
* '''BrGr – Brandgranate:''' Incendiary shell (literally: Fire grenade)
* '''PzBrGr – Panzerbrandgranate:''' Armour-piercing incendiary shell (literally: Armour Fire grenade)
* '''SpGr – Sprenggranate:''' High-explosive fragmentation shell (literally: Burst grenade). Sometimes spelled Sprgr.
* '''PzSpGr – Panzersprenggranate:''' Armour-piercing high-explosive shell (literally: Armour burst grenade)
* '''HlGr – Hohlladungsgranate:''' High-explosive anti-tank shell (literally: Hollow-charge grenade)
* '''Patr – Patrone:''' Bullet
* '''GrPatr – Granatpatrone:''' Shell (for 15 and 20 mm munition)
* '''SC – Sprengbombe Cylindrisch:''' General-purpose bomb (archaic spelling of zylindrisch, literally: Burst bomb, cylindrical)
* '''SD – Sprengbombe Dickwandig:''' Semi-armour-piercing bomb (literally: Burst bomb, thick-walled)
* '''PC – Panzersprengbombe Cylindrisch:''' Armour-piercing high-explosive bomb (literally: Armour-bursting bomb, cylindrical)
* '''PD – Panzersprengbombe Dickwandig:''' Heavy armour-piercing bomb (literally: Armour-bursting bomb, thick-walled)
* '''LFK – Lenkflugkörper:''' (Anti-tank) guided missile (literally: Guided flight body)
* '''F5W – Torpedo designation:''' F – 17.7 inch (450 mm) calibre, 5 – roughly 5 meter length, W – whitehead (German designation of Italian F200/450 torpedo)
* '''G7a/T 1 – Torpedo designation:''' G – 21 inch (533 mm) calibre, 7 – roughly 7 meter length, a – steam propulsion, T 1 – Torpedo model number 1
* '''L'spur – Leuchtspur:''' Tracer
* '''Zerl. – Zerleger:''' Self-destroying (literally: Disassambler)
* '''Fp – Füllpulver:''' Explosive filling (literally: Filling powder)
* '''DM – Deutsches Modell:''' German Model (modern designation to differentiate between American M munition)
* '''Zt.Z – Zeitzünder:''' Time fuse
* '''Lh – Lichtspurhülse:''' Base tracer
* '''Bd.Z – Bodenzünder:''' Base fuse. Sometimes spelled Bdz
* '''m.Hb – mit Haube:''' Capped

== (DE) Prefix/Suffix ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#German|'''Back to the German table''']]</div>

* '''le – leicht/leichte/leichter:''' Light
* '''m — mittlere/mittlerer:''' Medium
* '''s – schwer/schwere/schwerer:''' Heavy
* '''gp – gepanzert:''' Armoured
* '''nA – neuer Art:''' Modernized (literally: New type)
* '''U – Umbau:''' Conversion (kit)
** [[Me 410 A-1/U2]]
* '''R – Rüstsatz:''' Upgrade (kit)
** [[Me 410 B-6/R3]]
* '''/Trop – Tropen:''' Tropic (variant with air filters)
** [[Bf 109 G-2/trop]]
* '''(Mob) – Mobilmachung:''' Mobilization (design modification aimed at simplified and thus faster construction)
** [[Z32|Type 1936A (Mob)]]

=== (DE) Beutepanzer ===
Many foreign vehicles were captured and used by the Germans during the war and dubbed as ''Beutepanzer'' (Lit: Loot Tanks). These would be renamed under German designation, both combat captured and produced within captured countries would follow these designations. Redesignation of both small-arms and cannons follow their own naming and designations. All identification numbers can overlap.

The redesignation of these vehicles would be loosely structured around the overall vehicle type or intended use including for example; year, calibre, pre-existing designation, …

* 200 – Armoured Cars
* 300 – Half-tracks
* 400 – Armoured Half-tracks
* 600 – Fully tracked Artillery Tractors
** 630 – Armoured Artillery Tractors
* 700 – Tanks
* 800 – Self-propelled Guns

{| class="wikitable"
!Letter code
!German
!English
|-
|(a)
|amerikanisch
|American
|-
|(b)
|belgisch
|Belgian
|-
|(d)
|dänisch
|Danish
|-
|(e)
|englisch
|English
|-
|(f)
|französisch
|French
|-
|(g)
|griechisch
|Greek
|-
|(h)
|holländisch
|Dutch
|-
|(i)
|italienisch
|Italian
|-
|(j)
|jugoslawisch
|Yugoslavian
|-
|(n)
|norwegisch
|Norwegian
|-
|(ö)
|österreichisch
|Austrian
|-
|(p)
|polnisch
|Polish
|-
|(r)
|russisch
|Russian (Soviet)
|-
|(s)
|schweizerisch
|Swiss
|-
|(t)
|tschechisch
|Czechoslovakian
|-
|(u)
|ungarisch
|Hungarian
|}
Examples:

* In-Game:
** [[Pz.35(t)|Pz.35(t) - (LT-35)]]
** [[LT-38 (Family)|Pz.38(t) - (LT-38)]]
** [[T 34 747 (r) (Germany)|Pz. T-34 747(r) - (T-34)]]
** [[M4 748 (a) (Germany)|Pz. M4 748(a) - (M4)]]
** [[KW II 754 (r) (Germany)|Pz. KV-II 754(r) - (KV-2)]]
** [[KW I C 756 (r) (Germany)|Pz. KV-IC 756(r) - (KV-1 (1942) modified)]]

* Not captured In-Game:
** [[AMD.35|Pz.Sp.Wg. P 204(f) - ('''P'''anhard AMD.35)]]
** [[P.7.T AA|ZgKw. Ci 301(f) - ('''Ci'''troën P.7.T)]]
** [[FCM.36|Pz. FCM 737(f) - (FCM.36)]]
** [[Tetrarch I|Pz. Mk.VII 737(e) - (Tetrach I)]]
** [[P40|Pz. P40 737(i) - (P40/26)]]
** Pz. [[B1 bis|B1]]/[[B1 ter|B2]] 740(f) - (B1 bis/ter)
** [[M43 (Family)|StuG M43 105/25 853(i) - (105/25 M43)]]
** ...

* Some Captured Vehicles Wouldn't Be Fully Designated:
** [[Pz.Kpfw. Churchill (Germany)|Inf.Pz. Mk IV(e) - (Churchill)]] <small>In-Game premium</small>
** [[M10 GMC|Jagdpanzer M10(a) - (M10)]] <small>Not captured In-Game</small>
** ...

==(DE) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#German|'''Back to the German table''']]</div>

* '''Ar – Arado'''
** [[Ar 234 B-2]]
* '''Bf – Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW):''' Bavarian Aeroplane Factory (renamed to Messerschmitt in 1938)
** [[Bf 109 K-4]]
* '''BMW – Bayerische Motorenwerke:''' Bavarian Motor Factory
* '''Bo – Bölkow''' (from the alternative spelling Boelkow)
** [[BO 105 PAH-1]]
* '''BV – Blohm & Voss'''
** [[BV 238]]
* '''DB – Daimler-Benz'''
** DB 601
* '''Do – Dornier'''
** [[Do 217 E-2]]
* '''Fw – Focke-Wulf'''
** [[Fw 190 A-5]]
* '''Ha – Hamburger Flugzeugbau (HFB)'''
* '''He – Heinkel'''
** [[He 111 H-3]]
* '''Ho – Horten'''
** [[Ho 229 V3]]
* '''Hs – Henschel'''
** [[Hs 129 B-3]]
* '''Ju – Junkers'''
** [[Ju 87 D-5]]
* '''Me – Messerschmitt'''
** [[Me 410 A-1]]
* '''Ta – Focke-Wulf''' (named after Kurt Tank)
** [[Ta 152 C-3]]
* '''Rh – Rheinmetall'''
** [[Rh202 (20 mm)]]
* '''Ru – Ruhrstahl'''
** [[Ru 251]]
* '''(M) – MAN''' (Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg)
** [[VK 3002 (M)|VK 30.02 (M)]]
* '''(P) – Porsche'''
** [[VK 45.01 (P)]]
** [[Tiger II (P)]]
* '''(H) – Henschel'''
** [[Tiger II (H)]]
* '''(A) – Alkett''' (Altmärkische Kettenwerk GmbH)
** [[Panzer IV/70(A)]]
* '''(V) – VOMAG''' (Vogtländische Maschinenfabrik Aktiengesellschaft)
** [[Panzer IV/70(V)]]

== (DE) Military ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#German|'''Back to the German table''']]</div>

* '''KM – Kriegsmarine:''' German navy (literally: War navy)
* '''LW – Luftwaffe:''' German air force (literally: Air weapon)
* '''BW – Bundeswehr:''' (Modern) German army (literally: Federation defense)
* '''RLM – Reichsluftfahrtministerium:''' Ministry of national aviation
* '''OKW – Oberkommando der Wehrmacht:''' High command of the armed forces
* '''JG – Jagdgeschwader:''' Fighter division (literally: hunting division)
* '''NJG – Nachtjagdgeschwader:''' Night fighter division (literally: night hunting division)
* '''ZG – Zerstörergeschwader:''' Heavy fighter division (literally: destroyer division)
* '''KG – Kampfgeschwader:''' Bomber division (literally: attack division)
* '''SKG – Schnellkampfgeschwader:''' Fast bomber division (literally: fast attack division)
* '''StG – Sturzkampfgeschwader:''' Dive bomber division (literally: dive attack division)

= Hungarian =
=== (HU) Manufacturer/Designer ===

* '''MÁVAG – Magyar Királyi Államvasutak Gépgyára:''' Hungarian Royal State Railroads' Machine Factory

= Italian =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! Italian abbreviations (quicklinks)‎<span id="Italian">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(IT) Vehicle|(IT) Vehicle]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(IT) Manufacturer/Designer|(IT) Manufacturer/Designer]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(IT) Weaponry|(IT) Weaponry]]

'''Prefix/Suffix'''

* [[#(IT) Prefix/Suffix|(IT) Prefix/Suffix]]
|}

== (IT) Vehicle ==

* '''P – Pesante:''' Heavy (tank)
** [[P40|P26/40]]: Heavy tank, 26 tons, model 1940
* '''M – Medio:''' Medium (tank)
** [[M15/42]]: Medium tank, 15 tons, model 1942
* '''L – Leggero:''' Light (tank)
** [[L6/40]]: Light tank, 6 tons, model 1930
* '''AB – Autoblinda:''' Armoured car
** [[AB 41]]: Armoured car, model 1941
* '''AS – Autocarro Sahariano:''' Saharan Truck
** [[AS42]]
* '''CV – Carro Veloce:''' Tankette (literally: Fast cart)
** [[L3/33 CC|CV-33]]
* '''R – Ricognizione:''' Reconnaissance (vehicle)
** [[R3 T106 FA]]
* '''SIDAM – Sistema Italiano di Difesa Aerea Mobile:''' Italian system for mobile air-defense
** [[SIDAM 25]]
* '''VCC - Veicolo da Combattimento Corazzato''': Armoured Combat Vehicle
** [[Dardo|VCC Dardo]]
* '''VBC - Veicolo Blindato da Combattimento''': Armoured Fighting Vehicle
** [[VBC (PT2)|VBC (PT-2)]]

== (IT) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Italian|'''Back to the Italian table''']]</div>
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 75%"
! Acronym
! Company
! Note / Translation
! Example
|-
! colspan="4" | Air vehicles
|-
| C.R.
| Caccia Rosatelli
| (Fighter) named after Celestino Rosatelli
| FIAT [[C.R.42 (Family)|C.R.42]]
|-
| B.R.
| Bombardiere Rosatelli
| (Bomber) named after Celestino Rosatelli
| FIAT [[B.R.20 (Family)|B.R.20]]
|-
| G.
|
| named after Giuseppe Gabrielli
| FIAT [[G.50 (Family)|G.50]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | S. <br>S.M.
| Società Anonima Costruzioni<br>Aeronautiche Savoia
| Savoy Aeronautical Constructions Company
| Savoia [[S.81]]
|-
| Marchetti
| named after Alessandro Marchetti
| Savoia-Marchetti [[S.M.79 (Family)|S.M.79]]
|-
| P.
| Piaggio
|
| Piaggio [[P.108 (Family)|P.108]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | M.C.
| (Aeronautica) Macchi
| Aeronautics Machi
| rowspan="2" | Macchi [[C.200 (Family)|M.C.200]]
|-
| Castoldi
| named after Mario Castoldi
|-
| Ba.
| Società Italiana Ernesto Breda
| Italian Company Ernesto Breda
| Breda [[Ba.65 (K.14) L|Ba.65]]
|-
| Re.
| Officine Meccaniche Reggiane SpA
| Technical Bureau Reggiane Subsidiary
| Reggiane [[Re.2000 (Family)|Re.2000]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | CANT Z.
| Cantieri Aeronautici e Navali Triestini
| Aeronautical and naval yard Trieste
| rowspan="2" | CANT [[Z.1007 (Family)|Z.1007]]
|-
| Zappata
| named after Filippo Zappata
|-
| rowspan="2" | Ro.
| Industrie Meccaniche e <br> Aeronautiche Meridionali
| Southern Mechanical and <br> Aeronautical industries
| rowspan="2" | IMAM [[Ro.57 Quadriarma|Ro.57]]
|-
| Aeroplani Romeo
| named after the initial company name <br> (Romeo Aircraft)
|-
! colspan="4" |Helicopters
|-
|AB
|Agusta-Bell
|
|[[AB 205 A-1|AB 205A-1]]
|-
|A
|Agusta
|
|[[A.109EOA-2]]
|-
! colspan="4" | Ground vehicles
|-
| OTO
| Odero-Terni-Orlando
|
| [[OTOMATIC]]
|-
| FIAT
| Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino
| Italian automobile factory Turin
| [[FIAT 6614]]
|-
| OF
| OTO-FIAT
|
| [[OF-40 (Family)|OF-40]]
|-
! colspan="4" | Armament
|-
| SAFAT
| Società Anonima Fabbrica Armi Torino
| Turin arms factory incorporated company
| [[Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)]]
|}

== (IT) Weaponry ==

* '''SR – Senza Rinculo:''' Recoilless (gun)

== (IT) Prefix/Suffix ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Italian|'''Back to the Italian table''']]</div>
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50%"
!Affix
!Meaning
!Translation
!Example
|-
|A
|Artigliere
|Artillery
|[[P.108A serie 2|P.108A]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |AS
|Aerosilurante
|Air torpedo
|[[G.55S]]
|-
|Africa Settentrionale
|North Africa (trop. Filter)
|[[Bf 109 G-14/AS (Italy)|Bf 109 G-14/AS]]
|-
|B
|Bombardiere
|Bomber
|[[P.108 (Family)|P.108B]]
|-
|CB
|Caccia Bombardiere
|Fighter-Bomber
|[[Re.2001 CB]]
|-
|CC
|Contro Carro
|Anti-Tank (rifle)
|[[L3/33 CC]]
|-
|CN
|Caccia Notturno
|Night-Fighter
|[[Re.2001 CN]]
|-
|EC
|Esperimento Cannoni
|Experimental Cannons
|[[C.202EC]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |N
|Normale
|Normal
|[[S.M.79 bis/N (Germany)|S.M.79 bis/N]]
|-
|Nuovo
|New
|[[C.205N2]]
|-
|TM
|Totalmente Modificato
|Completely Modified
|[[S.M.79 bis/T.M]]
|-
|CIO
|Caccia Intercettore Ogni tempo
|Fighter-Interceptor All-time
| rowspan="2" |[[F-104S]]
|-
|CBO
|Caccia Bombardiere Ogni tempo
|Fighter-Bomber All-time
|}

= Japanese =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! colspan="5" | Japanese abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Japanese">‎</span>
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
| colspan="5" style="vertical-align:top;" |Japanese is spoken as a military language in the following countries:

*'''(JP)''' Japan
**'''(IJA)''' Imperial Japanese Army
**'''(IJN)''' Imperial Japanese Navy
**'''(SDF)''' Japanese Self Defense Forces
*'''(MAN)''' (Former) Manchukuo/Manchuria
* And other former puppet states
|-
| colspan="5" style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(JP) Vehicle|(JP) Vehicle]]
** [[#(JP) Air|(JP) Air]]
*** [[#(IJA) Army|(IJA) Army]]
**** [[#(IJA) Nicknames|(IJA) Nicknames]]
*** [[#(IJN) Navy|(IJN) Navy]]
**** [[#(IJN) First letters (role)|(IJN) First letters (role)]]
**** [[#(IJN) Second letters (manufacturers/designers)|(IJN) Second letters (manufacturers/designers)]]
**** [[#(IJN) Full and Model designation|(IJN) Full and Model designation]]
**** [[#(IJN) Official name designation|(IJN) Official name designation]]
*** [[#(SDF) JASDF|(SDF) JASDF]]
** [[#(JP) Ground|(JP) Ground]]
*** [[#(IJA) Army|(IJA) Army]]
**** [[#(IJA) Vehicle type|(IJA) Vehicle type]]
**** [[#(IJA) Order system|(IJA) Order system]]
*** [[#(SDF) JGSDF|(SDF) JGSDF]]
**** [[#(SDF) Prototype designations|(SDF) Prototype designations]]
** [[#(JP) Naval|(JP) Naval]]
*** [[#(IJN) Naming convention|(IJN) Naming convention]]
*** [[#(JMSDF) Naming convention| (JMSDF) Naming convention]]

'''Weaponry and munition'''

* [[#(JP) Weaponry and munition|(JP) Weaponry and munition]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(IJN) Manufacturer/Designer|(IJN) Manufacturer/Designer]]
|-
! colspan="5" |(JP) Calendar and Type Numbers
|-
| colspan="5" |
* Japanese Imperial Year: Starts with the founding of Japan in 660 BC
* Japanese Era Name ({{Annotation|年号|Nengō}}): Literally "year name" are names given to (usually) reign periods of Japanese Emperors.
* Shisaku number: After the shift of using nengō years, the navy re-adopted the use of nengō for their prototype planes to distinguish them from adopted models.
|-
!Year
!Japanese<br>Imperial<br>Year
!Nengō<br>Era
!Type<br>Number
!Shisaku<br>Number
|-
|1868<br>⋮<br>1912||2528<br>⋮<br>2572||'''Meiji 1'''<br>⋮<br>'''Meiji 44'''||'''Type 1'''<br>⋮<br>'''Type 44'''||
|-
|1912<br>⋮<br>1926||2572<br>⋮<br>2586||'''Taishō 1'''<br>⋮<br><small>'''Taishō 15'''</small>||'''Type 1'''<br>⋮<br>'''Type 15'''||
|-
|1927||'''2587'''||Shōwa 2||'''Type 87'''||
|-
|1928||'''2588'''||Shōwa 3||'''Type 88'''||
|-
|1929||'''2589'''||Shōwa 4||[[Type 89 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 89''']]||
|-
|1930||'''2590'''||Shōwa 5||[[Type 90 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 90''']]||
|-
|1931||'''2591'''||''Shōwa 6''||[[Type 91 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 91''']]||''6-Shi''
|-
|1932||'''2592'''||''Shōwa 7''||[[Type 92 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 92''']]||''7-Shi''
|-
|1933||'''2593'''||''Shōwa 8''||[[Type 93 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 93''']]||''8-Shi''
|-
|1934||'''2594'''||''Shōwa 9''||[[Type 94 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 94''']]||''9-Shi''
|-
|1935
|'''2595'''||<small>''Shōwa 10''</small>||[[Type 95 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 95''']]||''10-Shi''
|-
|1936||'''2596'''||<small>''Shōwa 11''</small>||[[Type 96 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 96''']]||''11-Shi''
|-
|1937||'''2597'''||<small>''Shōwa 12''</small>||[[Type 97 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 97''']]||''12-Shi''
|-
|1938||'''2598'''||<small>''Shōwa 13''</small>||[[Type 98 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 98''']]||''13-Shi''
|-
|1939||'''2599'''||<small>''Shōwa 14''</small>||[[Type 99 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 99''']]||''14-Shi''
|-
|1940||'''2600'''||<small>''Shōwa 15''</small>||[[Type 100 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 100''']]<br>[[Type 0 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 0''']]||''15-Shi''
|-
|1941||'''2601'''||<small>''Shōwa 16''</small>||[[Type 1 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 1''']]||''16-Shi''
|-
|1942||'''2602'''||<small>''Shōwa 17''</small>||[[Type 2 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 2''']]||''17-Shi''
|-
|1943||'''2603'''||<small>''Shōwa 18''</small>||[[Type 3 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 3''']]||''18-Shi''
|-
|1944||'''2604'''||<small>''Shōwa 19''</small>||[[Type 4 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 4''']]||''19-Shi''
|-
|1945||'''2605'''||<small>''Shōwa 20''</small>||[[Type 5 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 5''']]||''20-Shi''
|-
! colspan="5" |Post-War
|-
|'''1946'''<br>⋮<br>'''1960'''<br>⋮<br>'''1989'''
|2606<br>⋮<br>2620<br>⋮<br>2649
|Shōwa
|'''Type 46'''<br>⋮<br>[[Type 60 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 60''']]<br>⋮<br>[[Type 89 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 89''']]
|
|-
|'''1989'''<br>'''1990'''<br>⋮<br>'''1993'''<br>⋮<br>'''2019'''
|2649<br>2650<br>⋮<br>2653<br>⋮<br>2679
|Heisei
|[[Type 89 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 89''']]<br>[[Type 90 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 90''']]<br>⋮<br>[[Type 93 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 93''']]<br>⋮<br>'''Type 19'''
|
|-
|'''2019'''<br>⋮<br>'''Present'''
|2679<br>⋮<br>Present
|Reiwa
|'''Type 19'''<br>⋮<br>'''Present'''
|
|}

== (JP) Vehicle ==
=== (JP) Air ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="5" |(JP) Variants (small-scale modifications)
|-
! rowspan="2" | !! rowspan="2" | Heavenly<br>Stems !! colspan="2" | Japanese !! rowspan="2" | Latin<br>equivalent
|-
! Kanji !! Romaji
|-
| 1 || 甲 || コウ || Kō || a
|-
| 2 || 乙 || オツ || Otsu || b
|-
| 3 || 丙 || ヘイ || Hei || c
|-
| 4 || 丁 || テイ || Tei || d
|-
! colspan="5" | Not used in practice
|-
| 5 || 戊 || ボ || Bo || e
|-
| 6 || 己 || キ || Ki || f
|-
| 7 || 庚 || コウ || Kō || g
|-
| 8 || 辛 || シン || Shin || h
|-
| 9 || 壬 || ジン || Jin || i
|-
| 10 || 癸 || キ || Ki || j
|-
! colspan="5" |Other
|-
| colspan="2" |Improved
| 改<br>(改善)
| Kai<br>(Kaizen)
|
|}

==== (IJA) Army ====

* '''Ki – Kitai:''' Airframe
** [[Ki-10-I]] – Army Type 95 Model 1 Fighter
** [[Ki-43-II]] – Army Type 1 Model 2 Fighter

Notes:

* Kitai numbering is purely for Airframe/Prototype indexing. Official designation of planes went through [[#Calender_and_Type_Numbers|Type]] designation + role.
* Japanese names for Army planes are popular nicknames for pilots and civilians alike, as they were popularized with Japanese documentaries and propaganda. Unlike Navy planes, these are not part of the official plane designation.
** Other Japanese nicknames for planes are:

===== (IJA) Nicknames =====

* '''[[Ki-43 (Family)|Ki-43]]''' – ''Hayabusa'' (隼, Peregrine falcon)
* '''[[Ki-44 (Family)|Ki-44]]''' – ''Shoki'' (鍾馗, Demon)
* '''[[Ki-45 (Family)|Ki-45]]''' – ''Toryū'' (屠龍, Dragonslayer)
* '''[[Ki-49 (Family)|Ki-49]]''' – ''Donryū'' (呑龍, Storm Dragon)
* '''[[Ki-61 (Family)|Ki-61]]''' – ''Hien'' (飛燕, Flying Swallow)
* '''[[Ki-67 (Family)|Ki-67]]''' – ''Hiryū'' (飛龍, Flying Dragon)
* '''[[Ki-84 (Family)|Ki-84]]''' – ''Hayate'' (疾風, Gale)
* '''[[Ki-200]]''' – ''Shusui'' (秋水, Sharp Sword)

==== (IJN) Navy ====
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Japanese|'''Back to the Japanese table''']]</div>
In the late 1920s, The navy adopted a short designation naming scheme to indicate the role and manufacturer of the plane.

===== (IJN) First letters (role) =====
{| class="wikitable"
!Letter
!Japanese
!Role
!Example
|-
|A
|{{Annotation|艦上戦闘機|Kanjō Sentō-ki}}
|Carrier-based fighter plane
|[[A6M (Family)|A6M]]
|-
|B
|{{Annotation|艦上攻撃機|Kanjō Kōgeki-ki}}
|Carrier-based attack bomber
|[[B5N2|B5N]]
|-
|C
|{{Annotation|艦上偵察機|Kanjō Teisatsu-ki}}
|Carrier-based reconnaissance plane
|C6N<sup><small>*</small></sup>
|-
|D
|{{Annotation|艦上爆撃機|Kanjō Bakugeki-ki}}
|Carrier-based dive bomber
|[[D4Y (Family)|D4Y]]
|-
|E
|{{Annotation|水上偵察機|Minakami Teisatsu-ki}}
|Ship-based reconnaissance hydroplane
|[[Aichi E13A1|E13A]]
|-
|F
|{{Annotation|水上観測機|Minakami Kansoku-ki}}
|Ship-based observation hydroplane
|[[F1M2|F1M]]
|-
|G
|{{Annotation|陸上攻撃機|Rikujō Kōgeki-ki}}
|Land-based attack bomber
|[[G4M1|G4M]]
|-
|H
|{{Annotation|飛行艇|Hikō-tei}}
|Flying boat
|[[H6K4|H6K]]
|-
|J
|{{Annotation|陸上戦闘機|Rikujō Sentō-ki}}
|Land-based fighter plane
|[[J2M (Family)|J2M]]
|-
|K
|{{Annotation|練習機|Renshū-ki}}
|Trainer
|K10W<sup><small>*</small></sup>
|-
|L
|{{Annotation|輸送機|Yusō-ki}}
|Transport
|L2D<sup><small>*</small></sup>
|-
|M
|{{Annotation|特殊機|Tokushu-ki}}
|Special purpose
|M6A<sup><small>*</small></sup>
|-
|N
|{{Annotation|水上戦闘機|Minakami Sentō-ki}}
|Fighter hydroplane
|[[N1K (Family)|N1K]]
|-
|P
|{{Annotation|陸上爆撃機|Rikujō Bakugeki-ki}}
|Land-based bomber
|[[P1Y1 mod. 11|P1Y]]
|-
|Q
|{{Annotation|哨戒機|Shōkai-ki}}
|Patrol plane
|Q1W<sup><small>*</small></sup>
|-
|R
|{{Annotation|陸上偵察機|Rikujō Teisatsu-ki}}
|Land-based reconnaissance plane
|[[R2Y (Family)|R2Y]]
|-
|S
|{{Annotation|夜間戦闘機|Yakan Sentō-ki}}
|Night fighter
|S1A<sup><small>*</small></sup>
|-
|X
|{{Annotation|実験|Jikken}}
|Experiment (Special Purpose)
|[[Fw 190 (Family)|JXFw]] (Fw 190)
|}

Notes:

* All (But X) can be added to an already existing plane as a suffix to indicate a role refit:
** [[A6M (Family)|A6M-N]]
** [[N1K (Family)|N1K-J]]
** ...
* X will always be directly after the first designation, replacing the type-number.
* <sup>*</sup> – Planes that aren't in-game

===== (IJN) Second letters (manufacturers/designers) =====
{| class="wikitable"
!Letter
!Japanese Manufacturer
!Foreign Manufacturer
!Foreign Example
|-
|A
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Aichi|Aichi]]
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American]]
|KXA (NA-16)
|-
|B
|
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Boeing|Boeing]]
|AXB (P-12 / F4B)
|-
|Bu
|
|Bücker
|KXBu (Bü 131)
|-
|C
|
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Consolidated|Consolidated]]
|HXC (P2Y)
|-
|D
|Showa
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Douglas|Douglas]]
[[Template:AirManufacturer Dewoitine|Dewoitine]]

[[Template:AirManufacturer Northrop|Northrop]]
|LXD (DC-4E)
AXD ([[D.500]])

DXD (Northrop BT)
|-
|F
|
|Fairchild
|LXF (Fairchild 91)
|-
|Fw
|
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Focke-Wulf|Focke-Wulf]]
|[[Fw 190 A-5 (Japan)|JXFw]] ([[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190)]]
|-
|G
|Hitachi
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Grumman|Grumman]]
|AXG (Grumman F)
|-
|H
|Hiro
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Hawker|Hawker]]
|AXH ([[Nimrod Mk I|Nimrod]])
|-
|He
|
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Heinkel|Heinkel]]
|AXHe ([[He 100 D-1|He 100]])
|-
|J
|Nihon
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Junkers|Junkers]]
|LXJ ([[B3C|Ju 86]])
|-
|K
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Kawanishi|Kawanishi]]
|Kinner
|LXK (Kinner Envoy)
|-
|M
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Mitsubishi|Mitsubishi]]
|Airspeed
|LXM (Airspeed Envoy)
|-
|N
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Nakajima|Nakajima]]
|
|
|-
|P
|Nihon
|
|
|-
|S
|Sasebo
|
|
|-
|Si
|Showa
|
|
|-
|V
|
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Kawanishi|Vought]]
|AXV (V-141)
|-
|W
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Kyushu|Wanatabe (Kyushu)]]
|
|
|-
|Y
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Yokosuka|Yokosuka]]
|
|
|-
|Z
|Mizuno
|
|
|}

===== (IJN) Full and Model designation =====
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Japanese|'''Back to the Japanese table''']]</div>
After 1929, aircraft of the Japanese navy were designated by [[#Calender_and_Type_Numbers|Type]] designation same as army planes together with model designation to indicate variant information.

* [[A6M3 mod. 22Ko]] – Type 0 Carrier Fighter Model 22A (Kō)
** Model '''<big>2</big>'''2A (Kō) – 2nd airframe / wing refit
** Model 2'''<big>2</big>''' (Kō) – 2nd engine refit
** Model 22'''<big>A (Kō)</big>''' – 1st small-scale refit (armament) <small>(check [[#(JP) Air|Heavenly stems]])</small>

===== (IJN) Official name designation =====
After July 1943, adopted planes got a name instead of a full type and model designation.

<div class="mw-collapsible">
* Fighters: Weather and meteorological names
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
:* Naval fighters: Wind names (usually ending with ''pū'' or ''fū''「風」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
::* [[A7M (Family)|A7M ''Reppū'' (烈風, Strong Wind)]]
::* [[N1K (Family)|N1K ''Kyōfū'' (強風, Strong Wind)]]
::* [[J6K1|J6K ''Jinpū'' (陣風, Squall)]]
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
:* Interceptors: Lightning names (usually ending in ''den''「電」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
::* [[J2M (Family)|J2M ''Raiden'' (雷電, Lightning Bolt)]]
::* [[J5N1|J5N ''Tenrai'' (天雷, Heavenly Thunder)]]
::* [[J7W1|J7W ''Shinden'' (震電, Magnificent Lightning)]]
::* [[N1K (Family)|N1K ''Shiden'' (紫電, Violet Lightning)]]
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
:* Night fighters: Light names (usually ending in ''ko''「光」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
::* [[J1N1|J1N-S ''Gekkō'' (月光, Moonlight)]] <small>(not in-game variant)</small>
::* [[P1Y1 mod. 11|P1Y-S ''Kyokkō'' (極光, Aurora)]] <small>(not in-game variant)</small>
</div></div>

</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Heavy Bombers: Mountains names (usually ending in ''zan''「山」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[B6N (Family)|B6N ''Tenzan'' (天山, Heavenly Mountain)]]
:* [[G5N1|G5N ''Shinzan'' (深山, Deep Mountain)]]
:* [[G8N1|G8N ''Renzan'' (連山, Mountain Range)]]
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Bombers: Star or constellation names (usually ending in ''sei''「星」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[D4Y (Family)|D4Y ''Suisei'' (彗星, Comet)]]
:* [[B7A2|B7A ''Ryūsei (''流星, Shooting Star)]]
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Land-based Bombers: Galaxy names (usually ending in ''ga''「河」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[P1Y1 mod. 11|P1Y ''Ginga'' (銀河, Galaxy)]]
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Patrol: Sea or ocean names (usually ending in ''kai''「海」or ''yo''「洋」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Ki-67 (Family)|Q2M ''Taiyō'' (大洋, Great Sea)]] <small>(not in-game variant (Ki-67))</small>
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Reconnaissance: Cloud names (usually ending in ''un''「雲」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[R2Y (Family)|R2Y ''Keiun'' (景雲, Cirrus Cloud)]]
</div></div>

* Trainers: Trees, plants and flowers

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Transports: Sky names (usually ending in ''ku''「空」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* H8K-L ''Seikū'' (晴空, ''Clear Sky'') <small>(not in-game variant)</small>
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Miscellaneous: Landscape names
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Ki-200|J8M1 ''Shūsui'' (秋水, {{Annotation|Autumn Water|Litteral Translation}} / {{Annotation|Sharp Sword|Poetic Translation}})]] <small>(not in-game variant)</small>
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Purpose-built kamikaze aircraft: Flower names (usually ending in ''ka''「花」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Kikka|Kikka (橘花, Orange Blossom'')'']]
</div></div>
==== (SDF) JASDF ====
Basically based on the US military aircraft naming regulations as the Self-Defense Forces have been established on the basis of the US Military.

;Pre-Fix

* '''X''': Experimental (実験・試作)
** Mitsubishi X-2 ''Shinshin'''

;Mission Role

* '''C''': Cargo (輸送機)
* '''E''': Electronic Warfare (電子戦機)
* '''F''': Fighter (戦闘機)
** Mitsubishi [[F-1]]
* '''K''': Tanker (空中給油)
* '''L''': Liaison (連絡機)
* '''M''': Mine Sweeper (掃海)
* '''O''': Observation (観測)
* '''P''': Patrol (哨戒機)
* '''R''': Reconnaissance (偵察機)
* '''S''': Anti-Submarine (対潜機)
* '''T''': Training (練習機)
** Mitsubishi [[T-2]]
* '''U''': Utility (救難、捜索又は多用途)

;Vehicle Type

* '''H''': Helicopter (ヘリコプター)
** Kawasaki OH-1 ''Ninja''
* '''S''': Seaplane (飛行艇)
* '''V''': VTOL (ティルトローター機)
* '''G''': Glider (グライダー)

== (JP) Ground ==
=== (IJA) Army ===
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Japanese|'''Back to the Japanese table''']]</div>
==== (IJA) Vehicle type ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" |Japanese
! colspan="2" |English
|-
!Romaji
!Katakana
!Kanji
!Literal
!Role
|-
|'''Ke'''
|ケ
|軽 (Kei)
|Light
|Light tank
|-
|'''Chi'''
|チ
|中 (Chū)
|Medium
|Medium tank
|-
|'''O'''
|オ
|大 (Ō)
|Large
|Heavy Tank
|-
|'''Ho'''
|ホ
|砲 (Hō)
|Gun
|SPG
|}
Other (Don't follow order system):

*'''Ka:''' Amphibious (tank) '''(IJN)'''
** [[Ka-Mi|Type 2 Ka-Mi]] (Was named after the designer, Kamishi)
** [[Ka-Chi|Type 3 Ka-Chi]]
** Type 4 Ka-Tsu

* Other:
** [[Ta-Se|Type 98 Ta-Se]] ({{Annotation|'''Ta'''ikū|Anti-air}} {{Annotation|'''Se'''nsha|Tank}})
** [[So-Ki|Type 98 So-Ki]] 
** [[Na-To|Type 5 Na-To]]

==== (IJA) Order system ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Order
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
|-
|Katakana
|イ
|ロ
|ハ
|ニ
|ホ
|ヘ
|ト
|チ
|リ
|ヌ
|ル
|オ
|-
|Romaji
|'''I'''
|'''Ro'''
|'''Ha'''
|'''Ni'''
|'''Ho'''
|'''He'''
|'''To'''
|'''Chi'''
|'''Ri'''
|'''Nu'''
|'''Ru'''
|'''O'''
|}

* The chosen order of vehicles was based on the Japanese poem ''[[wikipedia:Iroha|Iroha (いろは)]]'' in Katakana, which contains each character of the Japanese syllabary exactly once. (A total of 47)
* Early Japanese tanks were designated only by order without a role:
** [[I-Go Ko|Type 89 I-Go]] – 1st model of the Imperial Japanese year 2589 (1929)
** [[Ro-Go|Type 95 Ro-Go]] – 2nd model of the Imperial Japanese year 2595 (1935)
** [[Ha-Go|Type 95 Ha-Go]] – 3rd model of the Imperial Japanese year 2595 (1935)

=== (SDF) JGSDF ===
==== (SDF) Prototype designations ====
2 years after the start of the JSDF (1956) until the 1980s; the JGSDF used 2 letter code prototype codes starting at SS and going further alphabetically:

* '''SS''' – <small>Experimental Tracked Armored Vehicle</small> developed into: [[Type 60 SPRG (C)|Type 60 SPRG]]
* '''ST(A)''' – <small>Experimental Medium {{Annotation|Special Vehicle|Coverword for Tank}}</small> developed into: [[Type 61 (Family)|Type 61 MBT]]
** '''STB ''' developed into: [[Type 74 (Family)|Type 74 MBT]]
* '''SU''' – <small>Experimental Armored Transport</small> developed into: [[Type 60 ATM|Type 60 APC]]
** '''SUB''' developed into: Type 73 APC
* '''SV''' – <small>Experimental Self-Propelled Mortar</small> developed into: Type 60 SPM (81 mm)
* '''SW''' – <small>Experimental Mine-Disposal Vehicle</small>
* '''SX''' – <small>Experimental Self-Propelled Howitzer</small> developed into: Type 60 SPM (107 mm)
* '''SY''' – <small>Experimental Self-Propelled Gun</small> developed into: Type 56 SPH (105 mm)
* '''SZ''' – <small>Experimental Special Transport Vehicle</small>

== (JP) Naval ==
=== (IJN) Naming convention ===
Ships ''usually'' maintain their original name as laid down if a ship-type reclassification / remodel happened.

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Carriers — names related to flying animals, actual or mythological
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* {{Annotation|Shōkaku|AI Vessel}} (翔鶴, Soaring Crane)
</div></div>
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Battleship''' — provinces, or alternate names of Japan
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[IJN Settsu|Settsu]] (摂津, Settsu Province)
:* [[IJN Ise|Ise]] (伊勢, Ise Province)
:* [[IJN Hyuga|Hyūga]] (日向, Hyūga Province)
:* [[IJN Fuso|Fusō]] (扶桑, Fusang (Classical name for Japan))
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Battlecruisers and heavy cruisers''' — mountains
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[IJN Ikoma|Ikoma]] (生駒, Mount Ikoma)
:* [[IJN Kongo|Kongō]] (金剛, Mount Kongō)
:* [[IJN Haruna|Haruna]] (榛名, Mount Haruna)
:* [[IJN Furutaka|Furutaka]] (古鷹, Mount Furutaka)
:* [[IJN Aoba|Aoba]] (青葉, Mount Aoba)
:* [[IJN Myoko|Myōkō]] (妙高, Mount Myōkō)
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Light cruisers''' — river names
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[IJN Kuma|Kuma]] (球磨, River Kuma)
:* [[IJN Isuzu|Isuzu]] (五十鈴, River Isuzu)
:* [[IJN Sendai|Sendai]] (川内, River Sendai)
:* [[IJN Yubari|Yūbari]] (夕張, River Yūbari)
:* [[IJN Agano|Agano]] (阿賀野, River Agano)

* Converted to '''Heavy Cruisers''':

:* [[IJN Kako|Kako]] (加古, River Kako)
:* [[IJN Mogami|Mogami]] (最上, River Mogami)
:* [[IJN Mikuma|Mikuma]] (三隈, River Mikuma)
:* [[IJN Suzuya|Suzuya]] (鈴谷, River Suzuya)
:* [[IJN Tone|Tone]] (利根, River Tone)
</div></div>

* Training cruisers — Shinto shrines

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Destroyers''' — weather, wind, tide, current, wave, moon, season, other natural phenomenon, plants
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Mutsuki]] (睦月, January)
:* [[Satsuki]] (皐月, May)
:* [[Ayanami]] (綾波, Twilled Waves)
:* [[Hatsuharu]] (初春, Early Spring)
:* [[Nenohi]] (子日, New Year Day)
:* [[Yudachi|Yūdachi]] (夕立, Evening Squall)
:* [[Yugumo|Yūgumo]] (夕雲, Evening Clouds)
:* [[Hayanami]] (早波, Early Waves)
:* [[Kiyoshimo]] (清霜, Clear Frost)
:* [[Shimakaze]] (島風, Island Wind)
:* [[Akizuki]] (秋月, Autumn Moon)
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Torpedo boats''': birds
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Chidori]] (千鳥, Plover)
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Submarines — number sequence starting off the Iroha
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* {{Annotation|1st-Class|+ 1,000 t Displacement}}: I-1 — ...
:* {{Annotation|2nd-Class|500 - 1,000 t Displacement}}: Ro-1 — ...
:* {{Annotation|3rd-Class|- 500 t Displacement}}: Ha-1 — ...
</div></div>

* Gunboats: places of scenic beauty and historic interest

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Coast defence ship/Escort ships''': islands
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Syonan|Shōnan]] (昭南, Singapore Island)
</div></div>

* Submarine tenders — whales
* Seaplane tenders — abstract noun, idiomatic word, notable achievement vessels in past war(s)

=== (JMSDF) Naming convention ===
(Note: Unlike the IJN, ship names are in Hiragana instead of Kanji)

* Helicopter destroyers and Helicopter carriers (DDH) — traditional provinces and mountains
* Guided missile destroyers (DDG) — mountains and weather terms

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Small destroyers''' (DD) — weather terms
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[JDS Harukaze (DD-101)]] (はるかぜ, Spring Wind)
:* [[JDS Ayanami (DD-103)]] (あやなみ, Twilled Waves)
:* [[JDS Yūgure (DD-184)]] (ゆうぐれ, Twilight)
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Frigates''' (DE) — rivers (early on weather terms)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Akebono|JDS Akebono (DE-201)]] (あけぼの, Daybreak)
:* [[Ikazuchi|JDS Ikazuchi (DE-202)]] (いかづち, Thunder)
:* [[Isuzu|JDS Isuzu (DE-211)]] (いすず, Isuzu River)
:* [[Chikugo|JDS Chikugo (DE-215)]] (ちくご, Chikugo River)
</div></div>

* Submarines (SS) — ocean currents and legendary auspicious animals
* Replenishment oilers (AOE) — lakes
* Amphibious transport docks and Troopships (LST) — peninsulas

== (JP) Weaponry and munition ==
{{main|Japan Bombs General Information}}

Like most Japanese military equipment, weapons and munitions are usually just designated with by '''Type-designation''' + '''Role'''.

== (IJN) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Japanese|'''Back to the Japanese table''']]</div>

* '''HI / BI:''' Vickers (UK)
** 7.7 mm/94 (0.303") "HI" Type
** 12 mm/62 (0.50") "HI" Type, based on the MG Mark III
** [[40 mm/62 "HI" Type 91 AA (40 mm)|40 mm/62 (1.575") "HI" Type]], based on the QF 2pdr Mk VIII (Otherwise designated as [[40 mm/62 "HI" Type 91 AA (40 mm)|Type 91]])
* '''RU:''' Lewis (UK)
** 7.7 mm/87 (0.303") "RU" Type, based on the .303 in Lewis MG (Otherwise designated as [[Type 92 (7.7 mm)|Type 92]])
* '''KA:''' Canet (FR)
** 12.6"/38 (32 cm) "KA" Type, based on the Canet 34 cm Model 1880 (Otherwise designated as Type 41)
* '''Koku:''' Krupp (DE)

= Polish =
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]</div>
== (PL) Vehicle ==
=== (PL) Ground ===

* '''TK – Tankietka:''' Tankette
* '''TP – X-Tonowy, Polski:''' X-Tons Polish
** 7TP
* '''wz. – wzór''' pattern

=== (PL) Naval ===

* '''ORP – Okręt Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej:''' Warship of the Republic of Poland (honorific styling)
** [[ORP Garland]]

= Romanian =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
!Romanian abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Romanian">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|Romanian is spoken as a military language in the following countries:

*'''(RO)''' Romania

|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''Vehicle'''
*[[#(RO) Vehicle|(RO) Vehicle]]
**[[#(RO) Ground|(RO) Ground]]
**[[#(RO) Air|(RO) Air]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

*[[#(RO) Manufacturer/Designer|(RO) Manufacturer/Designer]]
|}
== (RO) Vehicle ==
=== (RO) Ground ===

* '''TACAM – Tun Anticar pe Afet Mobil:''' Anti-tank gun on mobile gun carriage
** TACAM R-2
** TACAM T-60

=== (RO) Air ===

* '''JIS – Jumo Italian Savoia-Marchetti''' Italian manufactured S.M.79's with Jumo engines
** JIS-79B
* '''JRS – Jumo Romanian Savoia-Marchetti''' Romanian manufactured S.M.79's with Jumo engines
** JRS-79B

== (RO) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''IAR – Industria Aeronautică Română:''' Romanian Aeronautic Industry
** [[IAR-81C]]
* '''SET – Societatea Pentru Exploatări Technice:''' Technical Development Society
* '''S – Savoia-Marchetti'''
** [[S.M.79 B|S-79B]] Romanian Designation Of S.M.79 B

= Russian =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! Russian abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Russian">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(RU) Vehicle|(RU) Vehicle]]
** [[#(RU) Ground|(RU) Ground]]
** [[#(RU) Air|(RU) Air]]
** [[#(RU) Naval|(RU) Naval]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(RU) Weaponry|(RU) Weaponry]]

'''Munition'''

* [[#(RU) Munition|(RU) Munition]]

'''Prefix/Suffix'''

* [[#(RU) Prefix/Suffix|(RU) Prefix/Suffix]]

'''Historical Name'''

* [[#(RU) Historical Name|(RU) Historical Name]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(RU) Manufacturer/Designer|(RU) Manufacturer/Designer]]

'''Military'''

* [[#(RU) Military|(RU) Military]]
|}

== (RU) Vehicle ==
=== (RU) Ground ===

{| class="wikitable"
!Abbreviation
!Russian
!Translated
!Role
!Example
|-
|T
|{{Annotation|Танк|Tank}}
|Tank
|
|[[T-34 (Family)|T-34]]
|-
|SU
| rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Самоходная установка|Samokhodnaya Ustanovka}}
|Self-propelled mount
|SPG
|[[SU-122]]
|-
|ISU
|Self-propelled mount based on IS-series tanks
|SPG
|[[ISU-152]]
|-
|ASU
|{{Annotation|Авиадесантная самоходная установка|Aviadesantnaya Samokhodnaya Ustanovka}}
|Airborne self-propelled mount
|Airborne SPG
|[[ASU-57]]
|-
|ZSU
|{{Annotation|Зенитная самоходная установка|Zenitnaya Samokhodnaya Ustanovka}}
|{{Annotation|Zenithal|Anti-aircraft}} self-propelled installation
|SPAA
|[[ZSU-37]]
|-
|ZPRK
|{{Annotation|Зенитный пушечно-ракетный комплекс|Zenitny Raketno-Pushechny Kompleks}}
|{{Annotation|Zenithal|Anti-aircraft}} missile-gun system
|SAM
|[[ZPRK 2S6]]
|-
|BT
|{{Annotation|Быстроходный танк|Bystrokhodny Tank}}
|Fast-moving tank
|LT
|[[BT-7 (Family)|BT-7]]
|-
|RBT
|{{Annotation|Ракетный быстроходный танк|Raketny Bystrokhodny Tank}}
|Rocket fast-moving tank
|LT
|[[RBT-5]]
|-
|BA
|{{Annotation|Бронеавтомобиль|Bronev Avtomobil}}
|Armoured car
|AC
|[[BA-11]]
|-
|BTR
|{{Annotation|Бронетранспортёр|Bronev Transporter}}
|Armoured transporter
|APC
|[[BTR-152A]]
|-
|BM
|{{Annotation|Боевая Машина|Boyevaya Mashina}}
|Combat machine
|MLRS
|[[BM-13N]]
|-
|BMP
|{{Annotation|Боевая Машина Пехоты|Boyevaya Mashina Pekhoty}}
|Infantry combat machine
|IFV
|[[BMP-1 (Family)|BMP-1]]
|-
|BMD
|{{Annotation|Боевая Машина Десанта|Boyevaya Mashina Desanta}}
|Airborne combat machine
|Airborne IFV
|[[BMD-4]]
|-
|PT
|{{Annotation|Плавающий танк|Plavayushchy Tank}}
|Floating tank
|Amphibious LT
|[[PT-76B]]
|-
|IT
|{{Annotation|Истребитель танков|Istrebitel Tankov}}
|(Missile) Tank fighter
|TD
|[[IT-1]]
|}
====(RU) Object List====
Object (Объект) indexing was used in the Soviet and Russian tank industry for the ministry of defence to index tank designs, starting from prototype/design stage to production variants. They're not used chronologically and were until 1959 not mandatory for companies to be used, after which the ministry would index all new tank designs to even through the Russian Federation.

* 1 — 99 - Gorky Automobile Factory (GAZ)
* 100 — 199 - Ural Railway Car Building Factory (Uralvagonzavod plant №183)
* 201 — 299 - Leningrad Kirov Plant (LKZ)
* 300 — 349 - Ural Plant of Transport Engineering (UZTM)
* 400 — 499 - Malyshev Factory (HZTM)
* 500 - Omsktransmash (plant №174)
* 501 — 549 - Rubtsovsk Engineering Works
* 550 — 599 - Mytishchi Machine Building Factory (MMZ)
* 600 — 699 - Kurgan Engineering Factory (KMZ)
* 700 — 799 - Chelyabinsk Kirov (Tractor) Plant (ChKZ, ChTZ)
* 800 — 849 - Various
* 850 — 899 - Moscow Automobile Factory (ZIS, ZIL)
* 900 — 999 - Stalingrad (Volgograd) Tractor Factory (STZ, VgTZ)
* 1000 — 1050 - Kutaisi Automotive Factory (KAZ)


====(RU) GRAU====

=====(RU) 1960 (Current)=====
{{Notice|Only vehicle relevant equipment will be noted down - the index if far larger than this example list.}}

Divisions:

# Radio and electronics equipment
# Artillery systems
# Artillery ammunition, rockets
# Artillery propelling charges
# Air defense equipment
# Infantry armament
# Infantry ammunition
# Rocket technology
# Rocket armament
# Equipment
# Rocket and space technology
# Rocket and space equipment
# Space Facilities
# Rocket and space technology
# Rocket technology
# Strategic Missile Forces equipment
# Rocket and space equipment
# Rocket and space technology

{| class="wikitable"
!Div.
!Letter
!Role
!Equipment
!Name (Note)
!(Equipped on)
|-
| rowspan="5" |1
|A
|Automated Fire Control Devices
|1A7
|Tobol
|[[ZSU-23-4]]
|-
|B
|Meteorological, Sonometric, and Seismic Reconnaissance Equipment
|1B12
|(Thermometer)
|[[T-64A (1971)|T-64A]]
|-
|RL
|Radar & Radio Equipment
|1RL34
|
|[[ZSU-37-2]]
|-
|P
|Weapon Sights
|1P67-1
|(TV-sight)
|[[T-80BVM]]
|-
|PZ
|<abbr>Anti-Aircraft Optics</abbr>
|1PZ3
|
|[[BMP-2]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |2
|A
|Artillery
|[[2A70 (100 mm)|2A70]]
|
|[[BMP-3]]
|-
|K
|Battle group archetype
|2K22
|Tunguska
|Group centered around [[2S6]]
|-
|S
|Self-propelled gun system
|[[2S25]]
|Sprut-SD
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |3
|BK
|HEATFS projectiles
|3BK12M
|
|[[2A46M (125 mm)|2A46M]]
|-
|BM
|<abbr>APDS</abbr> Projectiles
|3BM60
|Svinets-2
|[[2A46M-5 (125 mm)|2A46M-5]]
|-
|V
|Fuses
|3V21
|
|3OF26
|-
|OF
|<abbr>HE</abbr> Projectiles
|3OF26
|
|[[2A46M-1 (125 mm)|2A46M-1]]
|-
|D
|Smoke Projectiles
|3D3
|
|[[D-10T2S (100 mm)|D-10T2S]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |6
|P
|Firearms
|[[6P50 (12.7 mm)|6P49]]
|KORD
|[[T-90A]]
|-
|G
|Grenade launchers
|[[AG-30 (30 mm)|6G26]]
|([[AG-30 (30 mm)|AG-30]])
|[[BMP-2M]]
|-
|7
|P
|Grenade launcher ammunition
|7P36
|Naib (VOG-30)
|[[AG-30 (30 mm)|6G26 (AG-30)]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |9
|K
|(Missile) Systems
|[[9K127 Vikhr|9K127]]
|Vikhr
|[[Ka-50]]
|-
|M
|Missiles
|[[9M113 Konkurs|9M113]]
|Konkurs
|[[BMP-1 (Family)|BMP-1]]
|-
|P
|Launchers
|[[Shturm-S|9P149]]
|Sthurm-S
|
|}

=== (RU) Air ===
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Russian|'''Back to the Russian table''']]</div>

Prior to 1941, the USSR used a letter code system to identify aircraft by their role and function. This was phased out quickly in favor of [[Abbreviations#(RU) Manufacturer/Designer|manufacturer codes]], although numerous aircraft retained their letter codes.
<br>
The list below is by no means comprehensive. The naming system was done more on a "case-by-case" basis and was less methodical than this list may imply, and also had numerous exceptions or one-off design classifications.
<br><br>
'''Base Models'''

* '''A – Avtozhir''' (Autogyro)
** A-4
* '''ARK – Arktichyeskii''' (Arctic Exploration Aircraft)
** ARK-3
* '''B - Bombardirovshchik''' (Bomber)
** No aircraft were assigned the index "B" only
* '''I – Istrebitel''' (Fighter)
** [[I-16 (Family)|I-16]]
* '''G – Gruzovoi''' (Cargo)
** [[TB-3M-17-32|G-3]]
* '''R – Razvedchik''' (Reconnaissance)
** R-5
* '''S – Samolyot''' (Aircraft)
** No aircraft were assigned the "S" index only
* '''Sh – Shturmovik''' (Ground attacker)
** No aircraft were assigned the index "Sh" only
* '''T – Torpedonosets''' (Torpedo (bomber))
** T-1
* '''U – Uchebny''' (Trainer)
** [[Po-2|U-2]]
* '''VIT – Vozdushnyi Istrebitel Tankov''' (Flying Tank Destroyer)
** VIT-2

<br>
'''Prefix Modifiers'''

* '''B – Blizhniy''' (Short-range)
** [[BB-1]] (Short-range bomber)
** [[BI]] (Short-range fighter)
* '''B – Bronirovannyi''' (Armoured)
** [[IL-2 (Family)|BSh-2]] (Armoured ground attacker)
* '''D – Dvukhmestnyi''' (Two-seat)
** [[SB (Family)|DI-8]] (Two-seat fighter)
* '''D – Dalniy''' (Long-range)
** [[DB-3B|DB-3]] (Long-range bomber)
* '''F – Frontovoy''' (Frontline)
** [[Tu-2 (Family)|FB]] (Frontline bomber)
* '''G – Gydro''' (Hydro)
** [[PBY-5A Catalina (USSR)|GST]] (Hydroplane transport)
* '''K – Korablennyi''' (Shipborne)
** KR-1 (Shipborne reconnaissance)
* '''K – Kreiser''' (Cruiser)
** KR-6 (Cruiser reconnaissance)
* '''KO – Korablennyi''' (Shipborne)
** [[KOR-1]] (Shipborne reconnaissance)
* '''L – Lyogki''' (Light)
** LBSh (Light armoured ground attacker)
* '''M – Morskoi''' (Marine/seaplane)
** [[MBR-2-M-34|MBR-2]] (Marine short-range reconnaissance)
** MDR-2 (Marine long-range reconnaissance)
* '''P – Pikiruyuschii''' (Dive)
** [[Tu-2 (Family)|PB]] (Dive bomber)
* '''P – Passazhirskii''' (Passenger)
** [[SB (Family)|PS-41]] (Passenger aircraft)
* '''S – Skorostnoi''' (Fast)
** [[SB (Family)|SB]] (Fast bomber)
** [[I-16 (Family)|SPB]] (Fast dive bomber)
* '''Sh – Shturmovoi''' (Ground attack)
** [[Su-2 (Family)|ShB]] (Ground attack bomber)
* '''T – Tiazholyi''' (Heavy)
** [[TB-3M-17-32|TB-3]] (Heavy bomber)
** [[TIS MA|TIS]] (Heavy fighter-escorter)

<br>
'''Suffix Modifiers'''

* '''OM – Otkrytogo Morya''' (Open sea)
** ROM-1
* '''P – Pushechny''' (Cannon)
** [[ITP (M-1)|ITP]] (Fighter heavy cannon)
* '''PL – dlya Podvodnikh Lodok''' (for Submarines)
** SPL (Aircraft for submarines)
* '''S – Soprovozhdenya''' (Escorter)
** [[TIS MA|TIS]] (Heavy fighter escorter)
** DIS (Twin-seat fighter escorter)
* '''S – Skladnoi''' (Folding)
** IS-1
* '''T – Transportnyj''' (Transporter)
** [[PBY-5A Catalina (USSR)|GST]] (Hydroplane transporter)
* '''T – Trenirivochnyi''' (Advanced (trainer))
** UT-3 (Advanced trainer)
** [[Yak-1|UTI-26]] (Advanced trainer fighter)

=== (RU) Naval ===

* '''MO – Malyi Okhotnik:''' Small submarine chaser (literally: Small hunter)
** [[MO-4]]
* '''BMO – Bronirovanny Malyi Okhotnik: ''' Armoured small submarine chaser (literally: Armed small hunter)
** [[BMO]]
* '''MPK – Malyi Protivolodochnoi Korabl:''' Small anti-submarine ship
** [[MPK pr.122A]]
* '''MBK – Morskoi Bronekater:''' Armoured gunboat (literally: Naval combat cutter)
** [[MBK pr.186]]
* '''SKR – Storozhevoi Korabl:''' Observation ship
** [[Groza|SKR Groza, Uragan type (1943)]]

== (RU) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Russian|'''Back to the Russian table''']]</div>

* '''UB – Universalniy Berezina:''' Berezin universal (MG)
** [[Berezin UB (12.7 mm)]]
* '''DP – Degtyarov Pulemyot:''' Degtyarov MG
* '''DT – Degtyarov Tankovy:''' Degtyarov tank (MG)
** [[DT (7.62 mm)]]
* '''DA – Degtyarov Aviatsonny:''' Degtyarov airplane (MG)
** [[DA (7.62 mm)]]
* '''PV – Pulemet Vozdushny:''' Airborne MG
** [[PV-1 (7.62 mm)]]
* '''ShKAS – Shpitalny-Komaritski Aviatsionny Skorostrelny:''' Shpitalny-Komaritsky airplane rapid-fire (MG)
** [[ShKAS (7.62 mm)]]
* '''DShK – Degtyaryova-Shpagina Krupnokaliberny:''' Degtyarov-Shpagin large-calibre (MG)
** [[DShK (12.7 mm)]]
* '''A – Afanasev''' (MG)
** [[A-12.7 (12.7 mm)]]
* '''B – Berezin''' (autocannon)
** [[B-20 (20 mm) (Family)|B-20 (20 mm)]]
* '''Yak-B – Yakushev-Borzov''' (MG)
** [[YaK-B (12.7 mm)]]
* '''ShVAK – Shpitalny-Vladimirov Aviatsionny Krupnokaliberny:''' Shpitalny-Vladimirov airplane large-calibre (autocannon)
** [[ShVAK (20 mm)]]
* '''TNSh – Tankovy Nudelman-Shpitalny:''' Nudelman-Shpitalny tank (autocannon)
** [[TNSh (20 mm)]]
* '''PTB – Pushka Taubin-Baburin:''' Taubin-Baburin cannon
** [[PTB-23 (23 mm)]]
* '''VYa – Volkov-Yartsev''' (autocannon)
** [[VYa-23 (23 mm)]]
* '''NS – Nudelman-Suranov''' (autocannon)
** [[NS-23 (23 mm)]]
* '''NR – Nudelman-Rikhter''' (autocannon)
** [[NR-30 (30 mm)]]
* '''GSh – Gryazev-Shipunov''' (autocannon)
** [[GSh-23-2 (23 mm)]]
* '''N-37D – Nudelman 37 mm Dulny tormoz:''' Nudelman 37 mm (autocannon with) muzzle brake
** [[N-37D (37 mm)]]
* '''KPVT – Krupnokaliberniy Pulemyot Vladimirova Tankovy:''' Vladimirov large-calibre tank MG
** [[KPVT (14.5 mm)]]
* '''ZPU – Zenitnaya Pulemotnaya Ustanovka:''' Anti-aircraft MG mount
* '''NSVT – Nikitina-Sokolova-Volkova Tankovy:''' Nikitin-Sokolov-Volkov tank (MG)
** [[NSVT (12.7 mm)]]
* '''PKT – Pulemyot Kalashnikova Tankovy:''' Kalashnikov tank MG
** [[PKT (7.62 mm)]]
* '''SGMT – Stankovy Goryunova Modernizirovany Tankovy:''' Goryunov modernized mounted tank (MG)
** [[SGMT (7.62 mm)]]
* '''20-K – Gun No. 20 of the Korolyov factory'''
** [[20-K (45 mm)]]
* '''L-11 – Gun No. 11 of the Leningrad factory'''
** [[L-11 (76 mm)]]

== (RU) Munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Russian|'''Back to the Russian table''']]</div>

* '''BR – Broneboynye:''' Armour-piercing (shell)
* '''BZ – Broneboyny Zazhigatelny:''' Armour-piercing incendiary (shell)
* '''BZT – Broneboyny Zazhigatelny Trassiruyushchy:''' Armour-piercing incendiary tracer (shell)
* '''PB – Polu Broneboynye:''' Semi armour-piercing (shell)
* '''O – Oskolochno:''' Fragmentation (shell)
* '''OZ – Oskolochno Zazhigatelny:''' Fragmentation incendiary (shell)
* '''OZT – Oskolochno Zazhigatelny Trassiruyushchy:''' Fragmentation incendiary tracer (shell)
* '''OF – Oskolochno Fugasny:''' High-explosive fragmentation (shell)
* '''Sh – Shrapnel''' (shell)
* '''FAB – Fugasnaya Aviatsionnaya Bomba:''' High-explosive aircraft bomb
* '''OFAB – Oskolochno Fugasnaya Aviatsionnaya Bomba:''' High-explosive fragmentation aircraft bomb
* '''RS – Reaktivny Snaryad:''' Rocket (literally: Rocket-powered projectile)
* '''RBS – Reaktivny Broneboyny Snaryad:''' Armour-piercing rocket (literally: Rocket-powered armour-piercing projectile)

== (RU) Prefix/Suffix ==

* '''Oby. – Obyekt:''' Object (tank prototype)
* '''Pr. – Proyekt:''' Project (ship design program)
** [[Pr.1124 early]]
* '''E – Ekranami:''' Up-armoured (literally: With screens)
** [[KV-1E]]
* '''M – Modernizirovany:''' Modernized
** [[IS-4M]]
* '''S – Skorokhodnuyu:''' Lightened (literally: Fast)
** [[KV-1S]]
* '''SP – Soprovzhdeniya Pekhoty:''' Infantry support
** [[T-126|T-126(SP)]]
* '''U – Uluchshenny:''' Improved
** [[Soobrazitelny|Pr. 7U]]
* '''V – Vzryvnoy:''' Explosive (Reactive Armour)
** [[T-64B|T-64BV]]
* '''T – Torpedonosets:''' Torpedo bomber

== (RU) Historical Name ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Russian|'''Back to the Russian table''']]</div>

* '''IS – Iosef Stalin''' (tank)
** [[IS-1]]
* '''KV – Kliment Voroshilov''' (tank)
** [[KV-2 (1939)]]
* '''SMK – Sergey Mironovich Kirov''' (tank)
** [[SMK]]

== (RU) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''ACh – Aleksei Charomsky'''
** [[Yer-2 (ACh-30B) (e)]]: Yermolayev Yer-2 with 2 Charomsky ACh-30B diesel engines
* '''AM – Aleksandr Mikulin'''
** [[Su-6 (AM-42)]]: Su-6 with Mikulin AM-42 V-12 engine
* '''ANT – Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev'''
* '''Ar – Arkhangelsky'''
** Arkhangelsky [[Ar-2]]
* '''BI – Bereznyak-Isayev'''
** Bereznyak-Isayev [[BI]]
* '''GAZ – Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod:''' Gorky Automobile Factory
** [[GAZ-AAA (4M)]]
* '''Il – Ilyushin'''
** Ilyushin [[IL-2M (1943)]]
* '''KS – Krasnoye Sormovo'''
* '''La – Lavochkin'''
** Lavochkin [[La-5]]
* '''LaGG – Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov'''
** Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov [[LaGG-3-66]]
* '''M – Myasishchev'''
* '''MAI – Moskovsky Avyatsyonny Instytut''' Moscow Aviation Institute
** [[Tandem MAI]]
* '''Mi – Mil'''
** Mil [[Mi-24A]]
* '''MiG – Mikoyan-Gurevich'''
** Mikoyan-Gurevich [[MiG-15]]
* '''OKB – Opytno-Konstruktorskoye Buro:''' Experimental Design Bureau
* '''Pe – Petlyakov'''
** Petlyakov [[Pe-2-1]]
* '''Po – Polikarpov'''
** Polikarpov [[Po-2]]
* '''STZ – Stalingradsky Traktoriy Zavod:''' Stalingrad Tractor Factory
** [[T-34E STZ]]
* '''Su – Sukhoi'''
** Sukhoi [[Su-2 MV-5]]
* '''Tu – Tupolev'''
** Tupolev [[Tu-2S-44]]
* '''VK – Vladimir Klimov'''
** [[Yak-3 (VK-107)]]: Yakovlev Yak-3 with Klimov VK-107 V-12 engine
* '''Yak – Yakovlev'''
** Yakovlev [[Yak-1]]
* '''Yer – Yermolayev'''
** Yermolayev [[Yer-2 (M-105)]]
* '''ZiS – Zavod imeni Stalina:''' Factory named after Stalin
** [[ZiS-30]]

== (RU) Military ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Russian|'''Back to the Russian table''']]</div>

* '''VVS – Voyenno-Vozdushnye Sily:''' Soviet air force (literally: Military air force)
* '''VMF – Voyenno-Morskoy Flot:''' Soviet Navy (literally: Military maritime fleet)
* '''SA – Sovetskaya Armiya:''' Soviet army
* '''IAP – Istrebitelny Aviatsionny Polk:''' Fighter air regiment
* '''GvIAP – Gvardeysky Istrebitelny Aviatsionny Polk:''' Guards fighter air regiment
* '''ShAP – Shturmovoy Aviatsionny Polk:''' Ground attack air regiment

= Spanish =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
!Spanish abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Spanish">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|Spanish is spoken as a military language in the following countries:

*'''(AR)''' Argentina
*'''(ES)''' Spain
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''Vehicle'''
*[[#(AR) Vehicle|(AR) Vehicle]]
**[[#(AR) Ground|(AR) Ground]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

*[[#(AR) Manufacturer/Designer|(AR) Manufacturer/Designer]]
*[[#(ES) Manufacturer/Designer|(ES) Manufacturer/Designer]]
|}

== (AR) Vehicle ==
=== (AR) Ground ===

* '''TAM – Tanque Argentino Mediano:''' Argentine Medium Tank

== (AR) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''FAdeA – Fábrica Argentina de Aviones:''' Argentine Aircraft Factory
** '''Ae – Dirección General de Aerotécnica:''' Directorate General of Aerotechnics (1927–1936)
** '''FMA – Fábrica Militar de Aviones:''' Military Aircraft Factory (1938–1943)
** '''IAe – Instituto Aerotecnico:''' AeroTechnical Institute (1943–1952)
** '''IA –''' ''meaning not specified'' (1952 to present)
* '''IAME – Industrias Aeronáuticas y Mecánicas del Estado:''' State Aeronautical and Mechanical Industries (1951-1956)
** '''DINFIA – Dirección Nacional de Fabricación e Investigación Aeronáutica:''' National Directorate of Aeronautical Manufacturing and Research (1956-1967)
** '''IME – Industrias Mecánicas del Estado:''' State Mechanical Industries (1967 to present)

== (ES) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''AC – Aerotécnica:''' Aerotechnic
* '''AISA – Aeronáutica Industrial SA.:''' Aeronautical Industrial SA.
* '''CASA – Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA.:''' Aeronautical Constructions SA.
** CASA 2.111 (Spanish Licensed He 111)
* '''HA – Hispano Aviación:''' Hispanic Aviation
** HA-1109 (Spanish Licensed Bf 109)
** HA-1112 (Spanish Modified Bf 109)

= Swedish =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! Swedish abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Swedish">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|Swedish is spoken as a military language in the following countries:

*'''(FI)''' Finland
*'''(SE)''' Sweden
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(SE) Vehicle|(SE) Vehicle]]
** [[#(SE) Ground|(SE) Ground]]
** [[#(SE) Air|(SE) Air]]

'''Prefix/Suffix'''

* [[#(SE) Prefix/Suffix|(SE) Prefix/Suffix]]
** [[#(SE) Air force|(SE) Air force]]
** [[#(SE) Ground projects|(SE) Ground projects]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(SE) Weaponry|(SE) Weaponry]]

'''Munition'''

* [[#(SE) Munition|(SE) Munition]]
|}

== (SE) Vehicle ==
=== (SE) Ground ===
'''vagn''' ('''wagon''') indicates that the vehicle is "tracked" while '''bil''' (from ''Automo'''bil'''e'', '''car''') indicates that the vehicle is "wheeled".

* '''strv – stridsvagn:''' Tank (literally: Combat wagon)
** [[Strv m/38]]
* '''strf – stridsfordon:''' (Heavy) infantry fighting vehicle (literally: Combat vehicle)
** [[Strf 9040C]]
* '''tgdb – terrängdragbil:''' Off-road tractor unit (literally: Terrain pull-car)
** [[Lvtdgb m/40|Lvtgdb m/40]]
* '''sav – stormartillerivagn:''' Assault gun (pre 1950s designation, literally: Assault artillery wagon)
** [[Sav m/43 (1946)]]
* '''ikv – infanterikanonvagn:''' Assault gun (post 1950s designation, literally: Infantry cannon wagon)
** [[Ikv 103]]
* '''pvkv – pansarvärnskanonvagn:''' Tracked self-propelled anti-tank gun (literally: Anti-armour cannon wagon)
** [[Pvkv m/43 (1946)]]
* '''lvkv – luftvärnskanonvagn:''' Tracked self-propelled anti-air gun (literally: Anti-air cannon wagon)
** [[Lvkv 42]]
* '''pvrbv – pansarvärnsrobotvagn:''' Tracked self-propelled anti-tank missile (literally: Anti-armour robot wagon)
** [[Pvrbv 551]]
* '''lvrbv – luftvärnsrobotvagn:''' Tracked self-propelled anti-air missile (literally: Anti-air robot wagon)
** [[Lvrbv 701]]

=== (SE) Air ===

* '''fpl – flygplan:''' Aeroplane
* '''hkp – helikopter''' Helicopter

== (SE) Prefix/Suffix ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Swedish|'''Back to the Swedish table''']]</div>
=== (SE) Air force ===

* '''A – Attack:''' Strike Aircraft/Attacker
** [[A21A-3]]
* '''B – Bomb:''' Bomber
** [[B3C]]
* '''J – Jakt:''' Pursuit Aircraft/Fighter (Jakt = Pursuit)
** [[J26]]
* '''S – Spaning:''' Reconnaissance Aircraft (Spaning = Scouting)
* '''SK – Skol:''' Trainer Aircraft (Skol = School)
** [[SK60B]]
* '''T – Torped:''' Torpedo Bomber
** [[T18B-1]]
* '''Ö – Övning:''' Advanced Trainer Aircraft (Övning = Practice)

=== (SE) Ground projects ===

* '''VEAK – Vagn Eldledning AutomatKanon:''' Wagon Fire-control AutoCannon (literall)
** [[VEAK 40]]
* '''UDES – Underlagsgrupp Direkt Eld Stridsfordon:''' Material group Direct Fire Combat vehicle (literall)
** [[UDES 33]]

== (SE) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Swedish|'''Back to the Swedish table''']]</div>

* '''ksp – kulspruta:''' Machine gun (literally: Bullet sprayer)
** [[ksp m/22 (8 mm)|8 mm ksp m/22]]
* '''kan – kanon:''' Cannon
** [[Kan m/41 (75 mm)|75 mm kan m/41]]
* '''akan – automatkanon:''' Autocannon
** [[Akan m/55 (30 mm)|30 mm akan m/55]]
* '''pvkan – pansarvärnskanon:''' Anti-tank cannon
** [[Pvkan m/43 (75 mm)|75 mm pvkan m/43]]
* '''lvkan – luftvärnskanon:''' Anti-aircraft cannon
** [[Lvkan m/37 A (75 mm)|75 mm lvkan m/37]]
* '''fsthaub – fästningshaubits:''' Fortress howitzer
** [[Fsthaub m/02 (150 mm)|150 mm fsthaub m/02]]
* '''rbs – robotsystem:''' Missile system
** [[Rbs 55]]

== (SE) Munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Swedish|'''Back to the Swedish table''']]</div>

* '''gr – granat:''' Grenade (synonymous with shell)
* '''prj – projektil:''' Projectile (often as a substitute for '''fullprj – fullprojektil''') Solid projectile (literally: Full projectile)
* '''sl – spårljus:''' Tracer (literally: Track light)
* '''pprj – pansarprojektil:''' Armour-piercing projectile (literally: Armour projectile)
* '''pgr – pansargranat:''' Armour-piercing shell (literally: Armour grenade)
* '''hpgr – halvpansargranat:''' Semi-armour-piercing shell (literally: Half armour grenade)
* '''sgr – spränggranat:''' High-explosive shell (literally: Burst grenade)
* '''spgr- sprängpansargranat:''' High-Explosive Squash-Head shell (literally: Burst armour grenade)
* '''psgr – pansarspränggranat:''' High-Explosive Anti-Tank shell (literally: Armour burst grenade)
* '''rökgr – rökgranat:''' Smoke shell (literally: Smoke grenade)
* '''rb – robot:''' Missile (literally: "robot")
** [[Rb24]]
* '''srak – sprängraket:''' High-explosive rocket (literally: Burst rocket)
** [[srak m/51|15 cm srak m/51]]
* '''psrak – pansarsprängraket:''' High-Explosive Anti-Tank rocket (literally: Armour burst rocket)
** [[psrak m/49A|14,5 cm psrak m/49A]]
* '''hprak – Halvpansarraket''' Semi-armour-piercing High-Explosive rocket (literally: Half-armour rocket)
** [[hprak m/49|18 cm hprak m/49]]
* '''mb – minbomb''' High capacity / General purpose bomb (literally: Mine bomb)
** [[mb m/50 (600 kg)|600 kg mb m/50]]
* '''sb – sprängbomb''' High-Explosive Fragmentation bomb (literally: Burst bomb)
** [[sb m/61 (120 kg)|120 kg sb m/61]]

[[Category:Custom articles]]

T-34-57

2023-07-27T08:10:17Z

U12423867: Removed factual and wording redundancies, added some links, used rank instead of tier, tried to remove “you” when referring to the tank, general proofreading. Could use an extra set of eyes, especially the history section.

{{About
| about = Soviet medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = T-34 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_t_34_1941_57
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before [[Update 1.41]]. The [[ZIS-4 (57 mm)|57 mm ZiS-4]] gun can be formidable at its battle rating, providing a noticeable improvement in penetration power, better aerodynamics and faster fire rate than the 76 mm calibre T-34s at the same BR, with a slight sacrifice in post-penetration damage and a higher chance of ricochet on angled surfaces compared to guns of higher calibre. The tank's armaments make fighting at long and short range a breeze.

Operational and visual characteristics of the T-34-57 are as similar to the previous T-34 lineage of tanks as they come, except for the armament. Players experienced in operating previous models of the T-34 in Rank II should have little to no difficulty in adjusting to this vehicle. Due to the similarities, however, the tank inevitably inherits both its predecessors' strengths and weaknesses. It is to be noted that armour is ineffective against the occasional Rank III guns; usage of speed and agility to move quickly, to avoid enemy fire and moving cover-to-cover will prove advantageous.

The T-34-57 works very well with other allied tanks (British and American) that it is often paired with in RB and SB. It retains high mobility and an effective main gun, allowing it to quickly reach capture points or tactical firing positions, usually following [[M18 GMC|M18]]s and other T-34 tanks, which are regularly first at the scene.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Driver's hatch, Machine gun port)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 45 mm (60°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 45 mm (53°) ''Lower glacis'' <br> 100 mm (0-38°) ''Joint plate'' <br> 45 mm (61°) ''Driver's hatch'' <br> 45 mm (0-32°) ''Machine gun port''|| 40 mm (40°) ''Top'' <br> 45 mm ''Bottom'' || 40 mm (47-49°) ''Top'' <br> 40 mm (46°) ''Bottom'' || 16 mm
|-
| Turret || 45 mm (3-67°) ''Turret front'' <br> 45 mm (2-58°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 45 mm (28-35°) || 45 mm (30-31°) || 15 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspensions wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=775|rbMinHp=442}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|ZIS-4 (57 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ZIS-4 (57 mm)|57 mm ZIS-4]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 77 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+28° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 23.8 || 32.9 || 40.0 || 44.2 || 47.1 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.9 || 17.5 || 21.3 || 23.5 || 25.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:ZIS-4 (57 mm)/Ammunition|BR-271, BR-271K, O-271}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! 5th<br>rack empty
! 6th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''77''' || 75 ''(+2)'' || 69 ''(+8)'' || 53 ''(+24)'' || 37 ''(+40)'' || 19 ''(+58)'' || 1 ''(+76)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Note''':

* Floor racks only: 69 ''(+8)'' shells.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|DT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm DT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,890 (63) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The T-34-57 can be played in a variety of roles. The gun is very accurate and has high penetration, making it a great sniper. The tank is fast and manoeuvrable, making it a good flanker. It can also brawl due to its fast turret rotation and great reload speed. However, don't expect to take many hits. At this rank, the T-34's armour will not stand up to enemy guns, even when angled. The best thing to do is keep to the flanks or just behind the battle line and take out enemy tanks at the range and from cover.

In lower rank battles, the T-34 will be in its element, picking off common foes like [[Pz.IV (Family)|Pz.IVs]] and [[Sherman|Shermans]] with ease at long range. However, it is just as effective pushing towards capture points. At these ranks, the armour is still quite effective, so angling can make it very difficult to penetrate. Just be aware that the turret armour is not very strong.

At higher BRs, the tank will be less effective. There are many tanks that the gun will not be able to penetrate from the front. The [[M4A3E2|Sherman Jumbo]] and [[Churchill VII]] are notable opponents. Their armour is very thick at the front, bar some small weak spots (machine gun ports). Luckily, you will be working with tanks like the T-34-85, SU-85 and even the IS-1, which can destroy the Jumbo under 500 m. Leave the front-line combat to them, flank and hit the enemies from the side. It is the only way for this tank to be fully effective. At higher BRs, the gun will have gone from being a highly effective precision weapon to a relatively hit-and-miss weapon. Some targets can be penetrated, others you will need to retreat from.

Pretty much any tank can be penetrated by the 57 mm gun at T-34-57's rank, but there are a few enemies worth noting.

[[M4A3E2|M4A3E2 Jumbo]]: This tank is the bane of everybody's life at this BR. Its turret in almost impossible to penetrate without APCR (which the T-34-57 does not have), its hull is VERY bouncy, and its gun can easily penetrate the T-34-57 armour. Avoid approaching from the front and flank with the T-34s superior mobility and speed if possible. Shoot at the forward section of the Jumbo's sides to ammo rack it. If backed into a corner, try to aim for the machine gun port in the hull. The explosive power of the 57 mm isn't great, but penetrating this point means that to at least cripple the Jumbo and make your escape.

[[Panzer IV|Panzer IV variants]] armed with the KwK 40 gun: These tanks are common enemies, and they can easily take the T-34-57 out with their powerful 75 mm guns. Nonetheless, they are relatively straightforward to remove if one has a head start on them. The high penetration 57 mm gun can slice through their armour at any range.

[[8,8 cm Flak 37 Sfl.]]:The flak truck can destroy your tank at seriously long range, whilst its thin armour and large size makes it very hard to effectively damage, rounds may simply pass straight through and not cause any damage. The best way to take one out is by aiming for the large ammo box at the back of the vehicle, which will explode when hit. The crew members are also very exposed on this vehicle.

[[T-34|Other T-34 tanks]] (except the 1940 variant): Many of the T-34 variants ([[T-34 (1941)|1941]], [[T-34 (1942)|1942]], [[T-34E STZ]], etc.), including the T-34-57, can comfortably penetrate each other's armour at reasonable distances. When playing AB, it is likely to come up against other T-34 variants. Since you play this tank, it's easier to know its strengths and weaknesses. Make sure the hostile T-34 is not looking your way, then fire into the main hull or the turret to knock out the crew or blow up an ammo rack. Retreat to a safe distance before re-engaging. If confrontation is inevitable, angle the hull and fire into the front of the enemy to at least disable them and gain time to reposition, finish destroying the enemy, or escape.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The gun has good penetration and rate of fire, is very accurate with almost no recoil
* Fast reload rate, making it easy for follow-up shots
* It's fast and nimble, like all the T-34 tanks
* The turret offers a smaller silhouette than the one mounted on the [[T-34 (1942)]]
* Its high penetration APHE ammunition is effective against all Rank II-III heavy tanks at close range
* Shells travel at an astounding 990 m/s, this combined with good accuracy makes sniping a viable option
* Although it is thin, the armour is sloped and can cause some lucky ricochets

'''Cons:'''

* The weak spot on the driver's hatch is problematic
* Still uses the 1940 hull, and the armour is inadequate for its rank
* Guns at this rank can easily get through the front plate
* Turret cheeks are easily penetrated, causing turret crew and gun to be knocked out
* The 57 mm gun rarely knocks out enemies in a single shot
* Can face tanks which the main gun will really start to struggle with, such as the [[M4A3E2|M4A3E2 Jumbo]]
* Awkward to place bushes on upper front hull due to the obstruction of MG port and driver's optics
* Poor gun depression of only -5 degrees makes it ineffective in hilly and mountainous terrain

== History ==

===Development===
As far back as the summer of 1940, an attempt to improve the anti-tank gun inventory in Soviet service was undertaken. This was due to only having massive stocks of underpowered 45 mm anti-tank cannons available, which were becoming obsolete with the newer armour being used by the Soviet Union's adversaries. When the request for an improved anti-tank cannon was sent out, a design bureau headed by V. G. Grabin was already underway under the name ''57 mm ZiS-2 anti-tank gun''. The 57 mm was a very powerful anti-tank weapon due to its high penetration value with the high-velocity shells. The APCBC round available under the name BR-271 was able to penetrate 93 mm of armour when fired 100 m away at a meet angle of 60 degrees. The first of the prototypes was created in September 1940, and it was later approved for production on June 1, 1941. However, this was stopped on December 1 due to the belief that the high-velocity 57 mm shells would simply penetrate straight through tanks without causing damage or that it was a high-cost weapon. The assembly lines were then switched to produce the 76.2 mm ZiS-3 guns.

Before being cancelled, the 57 mm gun was attached to a T-34 as a main armament in April 1941. However, the trials on this armament showed a lack of accuracy and short barrel life. Then in July, an improved variant of the 57 mm called the ''ZiS-4'' was installed onto the T-34 and tested again. This variant turned out to be successful, and the gun was recommended for installation on certain T-34 units, despite the high cost of the ZiS-4. The T-34 with the 57 mm was redesignated the '''T-34-57''' and had the purpose of being “tank-hunters” due to the higher penetration value of the 57 mm compared to the default T-34 76.2 mm armament. The 57 mm ZiS-4 gun was produced at the Artillery Factory #92 and was mounted on various T-34s. However, the stop of all 57 mm gun production, including the ZiS-4, in December 1941 also halted the T-34-57's, with only 133 ZiS-4 guns made.

===Revitalization===
The idea of using 57 mm guns was revived in 1943 due to urgent needs for much better guns against the newer German tanks. The current 76.2 mm F-34 gun on the normal [[T-34 (1942)|T-34s]] were unable to defeat the newer German [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]] and [[Panther D|Panther]] tanks. In a desperate attempt to upgrade the T-34 to compete against these tanks, [[ZIS-4M (57 mm)|an improved version]] with simplified, standardised parts started to be produced and began being issued in May 1943, the models using it being named the '''[[T-34-57 (1943)|T-34-57 mod. 1943]]''' due to the upgraded armament. These T-34-57s saw further action against the Axis until they were retired. In total, about less than 324 T-34-57s were made during its production in 1941 and 1943.

===Combat usage===
The T-34-57s made in 1941 saw action in small quantities during the Battle of Moscow. 10 of these tanks were assigned to the 21st Tank Brigade and deployed on October 14. Though the brigade was able to cause massive damage to the German lines around Kalinin, by November 25 all the T-34-57s of the brigade were destroyed. Other units using the T-34-57 were the 8th Tank Brigade, used in battle on October 19. The 57 mm gun was removed from the assembly lines after 1941. However, the T-34-57s were reactivated in 1943 to counter the new German tanks. They were used as “tank-hunters” and formed the “Special Tank Company 100” with three T-34-57 in its first platoon to deal with German tanks. Despite their role, the company would only meet German tanks once in its existence, and the first platoon was never used. Thus, the T-34-57 was never really able to prove its efficiency against German tanks, though the unit would praise the gun's performance in practices against pillboxes, bunkers, and knocked out German tanks. All the T-34-57s were disbanded with the retirement of the 57 mm as a tank gun. This was due to its small HE shell available that made it an inadequate tank armament against softer targets, and also the introduction of the much bigger and better 85 mm tank gun on the newer [[T-34-85 (D-5T)|T-34-85]].

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Work on the tank began in the summer of 1940 with a view to upgrading its armament. At that time, the new 57 mm ZiS-2 anti-tank gun was put into operation. In April 1941, the weapon was installed on the tank and tested on a ballistic range. The tests were unsuccessful, and the cannon required significant modifications, which were performed on a tight schedule. In July of the same year, the improved weapon was installed on the tank again. This time, the results were much better, this version, named ZiS-4 and designed specifically for tanks, could destroy targets at a sighting distance of up to 2,000 m. At maximum distance, the weapon penetrated 73-82 mm thick armour, and at minimum distance, 83-98 mm thick armour. After these successful tests, the anti-tank gun was put into service under the designation ZiS-4 for the tank-mounted version.

The tanks, designated T-34-57, were intended to go into production in the summer of 1941, but this deadline was pushed back by several months due to the beginning of the war. By the end of 1941, the No. 183 and STZ factories produced 42 of these tanks in total, 20 and 22 respectively. Production of the tanks was stopped due to the sufficient power of the F-34 cannon. The ZiS-2 and ZiS-4 cannons were taken out of production since their power was considered excessive for 1941. In summer-autumn, messages came from the front saying that the shell had penetrated straight through German tanks on multiple occasions, causing them no significant harm.

T-34-57 tanks served in separate tank brigades. The tanks took part in the Battle of Moscow in the 21st Tank Brigade. On the whole, the vehicles performed well with the new cannon, but by 25 November 1941, all of them had been lost.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_t_34_1941_57 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|GKrNoEWCkVo|'''T-34-57, Russian, Tier-3, Medium Tank''' - ''Angry Nerd Gaming''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/3236/current/|[Vehicle Profile] T-34 57]]

{{TankManufacturer Morozov}}
{{USSR medium tanks}}

Flakpanzer 38

2023-07-22T19:06:22Z

U12423867: Mainly minor changes in /* Pro and Con */ and /* History */; "Norway" changed to "Normandy", I think that was actually meant.

{{About
| about = German SPAA '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = LT-38 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_flakpanzer_38t_Gepard
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' ([[Abbreviations#.28DE.29_Sd.Kfz._Index|Sd.Kfz. Index:]] '''Sd.Kfz. 140''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German self-propelled anti-aircraft gun {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.47 "Big Guns"]]. It is sometimes, incorrectly, referred to as the ''Gepard'', which may lead to confusion with the unrelated [[Gepard|Flakpanzer Gepard]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 10 mm (65°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 20 mm (14°) ''Lower glacis'' || 15 mm || 10-15 mm (40°) || 8 mm
|-
| Gun shield || 7 mm ''Turret front'' <br> 7 mm ''Gun mantlet''
!
!
!
|-
|}

The Flakpanzer 38(t) has thin but highly sloped front armour that resists small-calibre machine gun bullets and even 12.7 mm machine gun rounds at a distance. The gun shield will shrug off smaller rifle-calibre rounds but not 12.7 mm bullets and larger. Like its predecessor, the [[Flakpanzer I]], it maintains a limited crew of two and is also easily destroyed by overpressure. Common threats include HE shells, artillery strikes, air-dropped bombs, HEAT projectiles, strafing planes and HMG fire.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=213|rbMinHp=133}}

Top speed and power-to-weight ratio are much higher than the [[Flakpanzer I]], topping out at 46 km/h forward, -6 km/h backwards, and a power-to-weight ratio in realistic and simulator battles of 15.31 hp/ton.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

For this vehicle, two very important modifications to keep an eye out for are the Sprgr. and PzGr 40 ammo belts. The first provides a boost to the vehicle's anti-air capabilities, being completely filled with high explosive shells, and the second turns the Flakpanzer into a deadly anti-tank machine with high-penetration HVAP rounds.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|FlaK38 (20 mm)}}

The gun is the same as its predecessor, the FlaK38. It has sufficient HE shells for planes, 37 mm penetration AP-I, and 48 mm penetration HVAP. The belt size is identical. Reload between clips is long. The gun can pen most things the tank encounters, barring Valentines, Matildas, B1 bis, B1 ter, and T-28E.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[FlaK38 (20 mm)|20 mm FlaK38]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 1,080 (20) || rowspan="2" | 480 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+90° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 30.82 || 42.66 || 51.79 || 57.28 || 60.94 || rowspan="2" | 3.90 || rowspan="2" | 3.45 || rowspan="2" | 3.18 || rowspan="2" | 3.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 20.83 || 24.50 || 29.75 || 32.90 || 35.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''Sprgr.:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''PzGr:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}
* '''PzGr 40:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}

{{:FlaK38 (20 mm)/Ammunition|HEFI-T*, API-T, HVAP-T}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''54''' || 1 ''(+53)'' || Yes
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

At the start of the match, you can camp around the spawn point and wait until the enemy planes show up, this is the safest way, but it's passive and not efficient in terms of getting kills. So if you are brave / skilled enough, use it as a light tank as it has 42 km/h top speed. The 20 mm cannon is very deadly against any light and fast vehicles, it can finish up their crew easily when penetrated. However you must be very careful as the Flakpanzer 38 only has 2 crew, and losing one means death. Unfortunately, the gunner is the most exposed and unprotected crew and is extremely vulnerable to everything: artillery, MG fire, planes, small bombs, rockets, etc. Do whatever you can to stay alive, as this vehicle has more potential as the match progresses. Pick on those soft targets and avoid heavily armoured ones to ensure effective penetration and killing.

When shooting planes, avoid opening fire when the plane is far away from you. This will only waste your ammo and give your position away to both the plane and the tanks. Instead you have two tactics: one is to passively wait until the plane flies close and is unaware of you, then suddenly open fire. The other tactic is a bit risky. First find a good cover so you are not likely to get shot from tanks. Then regardless of the plane's distance from you, fire some random shells at it to get their attention. Once they know you're there, a lot of pilots will turn towards you and try to kill you, knowing that SPAAs usually have weak protection. When they're flying head-on towards you, use the fast fire rate and spray a stream of shells in their path and wait for them to crash into your shells, then quickly move away to dodge the bullets. Tip: aim slightly above the plane to compensate for the shell drop, as the distance between you and the plane is usually greater than you think.

In the late stages of the match you should be even more careful, as at this time most people will take out their SPAAs, and those fast-firing guns are your biggest threat. Try and be more aware of the surrounding situations, avoid running into anyone. Use the mobility to flank and the small profile to ambush.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great firepower: wonderful combination of rapid firerate, adequate velocity, 20 round mag and various belt types: The Sprgr. belt is destructive against low tier aircraft, while the belt containing the PzGr. 40 is very deadly against armoured targets (e.g. [[M3A3 (Italy)|M3A3]], [[T-60]] or even the [[B1 bis]])
* Fast turret traverse allows it to keep up with close/fast targets easily, while the great gun elevation and depression means it can fight in any terrain
* Small frontal profile allows it to hide behind cover or bushes easily, which mitigates against its lack of protection
* Decent top speed of 42 km/h means it can get to certain positions alongside light tanks, which is great for ambushing
* Thin turret armour can make some shells over-penetrate, dealing little damage
* Hull armour can resist 12.7 mm bullets, commonly used on US tanks like [[M13 MGMC]] and [[M8 Greyhound (Family)|M8 Greyhound]]

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely poor survivability: only two crew protected by thin armour makes it easily to get destroyed by overpressure
* Rather long reload time requires strict trigger control
* The PzGr. 40 belt is mixed with low-penetrating belts, reducing its anti-tank capability as half of the shells sometimes won't be able to penetrate
* Slow reverse speed of only -6 km/h can get the player killed due to not being able to retreat from danger quickly

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The Flakpanzer 38(t) self-propelled anti-air mount was a temporary transitional version that was used until the development of a real anti-air tank on the chassis of the Panzer IV was completed. The vehicle was produced from November 1943 to February 1944. The first 87 Flakpanzer 38(t) AA vehicles appeared at the front in January 1944 and made up Flugabwehrzüge (AA platoons) in tank divisions and tank grenadier divisions (sometimes in Waffen-SS divisions, such as the 12th SS Panzer Division "Hitlerjugend" in Normandy 1944).

In 1944-1945, Flakpanzer 38(t) AA vehicles were used actively on the Italian and Western Fronts, where they were effective against low-flying aircraft.

A total of 141 Flakpanzer 38(t) AA vehicles were released.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_flakpanzer_38t_Gepard Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|naeDoEwZ5Pg|'''German SPAAs''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:19 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Flakpanzer I]]
* [[Ta-Se]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany anti-aircraft vehicles}}

Talk:Flam C 250 incendiary

2023-07-17T13:11:20Z

U12423867: Made bug report because of misspelling in the module research menu ingame.

Just to inform you: I created a bug report because this bomb is called "Flamm" in the module research menu in game.

--[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 13:10, 17 July 2023 (UTC)

Churchill VII

2023-07-16T20:17:39Z

U12423867: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = British heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Churchill (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_a_22f_mk_7_churchill_1944
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}_AddArmour.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png|ArtImage2_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (or just '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"]] along with the rest of the initial British Ground Forces Tree. A lumbering beast made of pure steel, the Churchill Mk VII is the epitome of a "walking giant" which you do not want to have staring down at you. With 152 mm of armour, it is one of the most heavily protected tanks in Rank III, even if its firepower seems pitiful for such a tank.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Machine gun port, Driver's hatch, Turret)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 152 mm (1°) ''Front plate'' <br> 57.15 mm (66-67°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 139 mm (24°) ''Lower glacis'' <br> 102 mm ''Machine gun port'' || 95 mm || 50.8 mm (1°) ''Top'' <br> 25.4 mm (64°) ''Bottom'' || 15.875 mm
|-
| Turret || 152 mm (1-20°) ''Turret front'' <br> 152 mm (1-54°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 95.25 mm || 95.25 mm (0-1°) || 20 mm
|-
| Cupola || 152 mm || 152 mm || 152 mm || 20 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.

If you are using vehicle below 4.7 BR do not attempt to fire at the Churchill Mk VII at the front (unless you have a very high penetration shell for your cannon). There is no benefit of attempting to penetrate the Churchill Mk VII from its front without aiming for thinner sides or weak points, that 152 mm of armour will chew up shells like nothing. The saving grace is that the Churchill has a gun that belongs to Rank II and low top speed, so it is possible to outmanoeuvre it in the terrain. Flank the tank to get a good shot on its weak side armour. Eliminate the turret crew to immobilise their firepower, then move in for the easy points.

Side armour of the hull and turret's sides and flat parts of frontal armour are the most significant weaknesses on the Churchill, as their effective thickness is much lower. It is also technically possible to penetrate the roof if an enemy tank's profile is high enough. The turret is entirely bare, and a hit could disable the entire turret crew, losing half of your total crew. For this reason, Churchill VII needs armour and smoke upgrades as soon as possible.

A hit in the hull is a hit or miss, but it seems that a hit there is also likely to hit your tracks and suspensions, which would mitigate the round if it caught it. The rear of the vehicle is also vulnerable, but if an enemy can come around and smack the Churchill from behind, even with all the allies and smoke screens around, it probably wasn't your day anyway.

As with other Churchill tanks, a single rocket to the engine deck is often fatal for this tank due to the irremovable ammo racks.

It is also worth noting that installing additional track armour makes ammo rack weak spots extremely obvious for people who know about it, although anything below SPG grade cannon will likely fail to penetrate until the track gets destroyed by concentrated fire. However, the tracks are a must-have to bolster frontal hull and side turret armour, so this upgrade should be used regardless for their benefits.

The long leading tracks often glitch out and fail to stop a shell which hits them from the front at flat angle, so it is entirely possible to get knocked out with a single shot through them even by an [[AMX-13 (FL11)]]. This is surprisingly common, especially in AB, and so correct angling is always effective.

For all these reasons, Churchill VII must always drive at an angle and slightly turn away its turret from opponents after shot, and in Arcade mode it must always smoke up the battlefield, whether their teammates will be mad or not. Angling vehicle makes Churchill VII nearly invulnerable to vehicles below battle rating 5.0, while smoke screens blind opponents and make firing at weak spots and judging attack angle near to impossible, which prolongs tank's life significantly. To reduce amount of teammate's frustration generated by spamming smokes, you'll have to try to land them in such way, that teammates can still see something from the sides, but effectively disabling aim assist and direct sight between you and your enemy.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 452|rbMinHp= 310|AoAweight= 0.5}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|OQF Mk.V (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[OQF Mk.V (75 mm)|75 mm OQF Mk.V]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 84 || rowspan="2" | -12°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 19.42 || 26.88 || 32.64 || 36.10 || 38.40 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.56 || 24.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:OQF Mk.V (75 mm)/Ammunition|M72 shot, M61 shot, M48 shell, M89}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! 5th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''84''' || 71 ''(+13)'' || 51 ''(+33)'' || 31 ''(+53)'' || 16 ''(+68)'' || 1 ''(+83)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Racks disappear after you've fired all shells in the rack.
* Pack 16 ''(+68)'' shells to keep most of the hull empty.

==== Optics ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]
|-
! Which ones
! Default magnification
! Maximum magnification
|-
! Main Gun optics
| x3 || x6
|-
! Comparable optics
| colspan="2" | [[VFW]]
|-
|}

The first tank in Heavy Tank British tech line to have X6 scope. It will not get any better than this until rank VI, so get used to it - it will be the same across entire tech tree for a while with SPAA being the only exception.

At rank III, this scope is slightly or moderately superior to most medium and heavy tanks, but do not expect to outrange German SPG as they have same optics or even better.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|BESA (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[BESA (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm BESA]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 9,450 (225) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Churchill Mk VII is a slow and manoeuvrable turtle, you're not going to break any speed records, but rest assured that if the frontal armour is facing toward the enemy, most of their shells are not able to penetrate the front of the hull and turret at your BR and below. In an uptier, you really should avoid enemy SPGs and to be careful with medium tanks, as they can destroy or fatally cripple the tank, even when you are angled.

The 75 mm gun may not be able to easily take on some of the tanks you may encounter at the rank, but with the high degree of protection, you can leisurely take your time picking out the weaknesses of your enemy to deal precise blow as you hear their rounds bounce off of your frontal armour. With the best ammunition, you can defeat or annoy even other heavy tanks without having to drive close to them. If the enemy team is using open topped SPGs like [[M36 GMC]], [[Pvkv m/43 (1946)]], [[8,8 cm Flak 37 Sfl.]], [[Pvkv II]] and such, start firing HE - the main gun can fire as often as each 5 seconds and HE can destroy any of them in one hit almost anywhere regardless of range via overpressure, while they do not expect you to deal any at all, meaning that ironically the weakest gun around can be the strongest if underestimated enough.

If nothing else, the Churchill VII can take a lot of smoke shells and make its opponent's life much worse, by driving up to capture points and smoking down snipers and passages, then proceed to blind fire at those unfortunate enough to be close to it. No matter what, do not let the enemy land a straight shot at you. In downtier, they may struggle with you for a long time even if you got surrounded.

When encountering enemies in close quarters, different considerations are to be made depending on the type of tank and what they bring to the battlefield. Don't stay in the same spot for too long, keep moving and "hull-dancing" to make it harder for your enemies to shoot at a weak spot such as the MG port or the thin roof armour. Beware of enemies trying to flank and shoot at your sides. It is recommended to research the "Add-on armour" modification as soon as possible. You can also resort to a lesser extent to sidescraping and angling.

'''Germany'''

German tanks always pose a threat. Almost every German tank you'll face is armed with the long barrel 75 mm gun, which can penetrate the Churchill Mk VII from the front with the APCR shot (unangled). Even worse, you may face dedicated SPGs such as the Dicker Max with its 105 mm gun. When using Pzgr.rot it will be deadly and will slice through your armour. Also, the Panzer IV/70(V)/(A) a terrifying threat. They carry the same gun as the Panther and will be able to penetrate you under 1,000 m easily. Luckily, common German tanks like the Panzer IV can be easily penetrated by your 75 mm gun. The same cannot be said for their tank destroyers: the Jagdpanzer 38(t), Jagdpanzer IV and the Panzer IV/70(V) or (A). They have thick, sloped armour and will easily bounce your hits. The Panther A, D and G have stock rounds that can penetrate up to 192 mm of armour, enough to take you out. It is recommended to rally and team up with other tanks that have better firepower while you soak up the damage. As for Tiger Is, it can penetrate you at point blank range but you won't be penetrating any Tiger beyond 100 metres.

'''USSR'''

Soviet tanks can be tough enemies to take on. Tanks in the T-34 line have sloped armour and are highly mobile. Early models with the 76 mm gun will not be able to penetrate you. They will try to go around the sides and to your rear. The T-34-85 is more of a threat, but even the 85 mm gun will not be able to penetrate your frontal armour unless aimed at your machine gun port. The SU-85 is less of a threat with slightly less mobility and no turret. The thing about the Soviets is that they love their big guns, in particular, the KV-2 and the SU-152 with their massive 152 mm howitzers. Their HE shells alone will prove devastating to the Churchill, which has very thin top armour. Expect your game to very suddenly end when you come across either of these vehicles.

The Soviets also have very useful heavy tanks. You can come upon some slightly awkward stalemates when facing vehicles like the KV-1 ZiS-5. You will struggle to penetrate their armour, and they will fight to penetrate yours. Stalemates are a common situation with Churchill Mk VII. It is important to have back up so that you can soak up damage for your teammates with more powerful guns, and to protect you from being overwhelmed if the KV brought more tanks to flank you. You may also encounter IS-1s which you will struggle to deal with. Soviet tanks are frustrating to deal with. Their armour is sloped, and you will often have to aim for weak spots with your 75 mm gun. If the armour is not sloped, it is usually too thick to penetrate. This is easier said than done in some circumstances.

Special notes for the [[IS-2 (Family)|IS-2]]: it carries a very deadly cannon that can knock out literally anything with a single shot, including the Black Prince. Its 122 mm gun can easily go through your frontal hull and turret, subsequently knocking out everyone inside. The best way to avoid that is to angle your hull so that your long, large tracks cover up the frontal hull, exposing your angled side and luring the IS-2 into firing at your side armour. The side armour of the Black Prince resembles the Churchills' which are quite complex, with some weird internal structures soaking up lots of shells, increasing your survivability. Against an IS-2 1943, aim at the hull armour that curves and blends into the side, or the turret cheeks. Its crew are closely packed and even the British solid shells can knock them all out at once. Against a 1944 model, only shoot at its turret as the hull is quite strong.

'''Japan'''

As a whole, Japanese tanks are easier to deal with. Their armour is quite thin and usually quite easy to penetrate. Tanks to note are the Chi-To and Chi-Ri II. They can penetrate 155 mm of armour at 100 m, which is just enough to get through your frontal armour. The Na-To is also a threat with its APCR, which can penetrate you frontally under 500 m. Finally, the low-rank Ho-Ro is dangerous, with its powerful 150 mm howitzer, but not many people will be using it at this rank.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Thick frontal armour (152 mm) makes it impervious to all kinetic shells at its BR
* The 75 mm gun is effective at close-range combat and can be armed with utility shells
* Able to smoke up the entire battlefield in a matter of seconds if necessary
* Ability to pivot steer
* Balanced weight dispersion leads to amazing hill-climbing capabilities
* Great gun depression allows for firing over hills from relative safety
* Gunsight zoom is high, so aiming for weak spots is easier

'''Cons:'''

* Poor mobility: speed is capped at 20 km/h, slow acceleration, subpar -3 km/h reverse, and cannot scale obstacles properly
* Is very long, harder to navigate through confined spaces (e.g. urban maps)
* Inadequate firepower: 75 mm AP shells lack explosive filler, have slow velocity and are therefore dropping fast with distance, weak spalling, and low penetration
* Still has frontal weak spots: machine gun ports both on the hull and turret are only 50 mm thick
* Turret side armour is weak
* Extremely vulnerable to coordinated flanking, as penetrations to the sides typically cause catastrophic damage to ammo racks located below the turret
* Requires good coordination with a team to unlock full potential

== History ==


===Development===
The General Staff specification ''A20'' was implemented before World War II and was meant to replace the [[Matilda III]] and [[Valentine Mk XI|Valentine]] infantry tanks. The specification was based around the British infantry tank doctrine, and with the expectation that the coming war would be based on the World War I trench warfare. Thus the tank was needed to travel across unfavourable terrain and able to destroy enemy defences and infantry obstacles. As speed and heavy firepower were not taken with priority, the vehicle was to have two 2-pounder guns on side sponson mounts with a coaxial machine gun, with another machine gun and smoke dischargers on the front hull, armour was about 60 mm on the turret. Four prototypes were made by June 1940 by Harland and Wolff. The front hull would see an upgrade in armament with a 3-inch howitzer during the prototype stages, the 43-ton tank had a 300 hp Meadows engine from the Covenanter tank and was made the tank underpowered. The A20 project was cancelled with the Battle of France, which saw the emergency evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force from Dunkirk that left a majority of their heavy equipment behind.

The Battle of France proved that the coming World War II was not going to be a stagnant battlefield like the trench warfare from World War I. The entire concept had to be redesigned and was done so by Henry Merrit, the director of Tank Design at Woolwich Arsenal. His new concept, the '''A22''' or '''Infantry Tank Mark IV Churchill''', was given to Vauxhall Motors in June 1940. War Office requested that the A22 be ready to enter production within the year due to the growing pressure of a German invasion of Britain. The designs were prepared in July 1940, and the prototypes were made by December of the same year, production soon followed in June 1941. The rushed development was acknowledged in the company to being the cause of many faults and defects in the tank, but the demand by the government was so high that it must be carried out, with the expectation that the issues will be fixed during production. The Churchill tank suffered from an underpowered engine, weak armament, and mechanical problems. The weak weapon from a 2-pounder was replaced with the arming of a 6-pounder on the Churchill, but the other issues caused poor performance of the Churchill in the battlefield. The Churchill production was almost cancelled in favour of the [[Cromwell V|Cromwell]] due to its issues, but its usage in the Second Battle of El Alamein proved its value and kept it in service.

The Churchill would carry on the rest of the war as one of the most versatile tank design in British service, serving in many specialist roles other than its tank role. Altogether, a total of 7,568 Churchill units produced from 1941 to 1945, with 5,968 as tanks.

===Variants===
The Churchill, used in a multitude of roles, is made into many different variants. Twelve different kinds of tank variants were produced for combat roles, with 11 more variants in specific roles ranging from armoured personnel carrier, a bridge-layer, mine clearer, a [[Gun Carrier (3-in)]], flamethrower tank, and an armoured recovery vehicle.

===Combat usage===
The Churchill tank was first used in the Dieppe Raid in August 1942. While it was a test on how an opposed landing would work, the 60 Churchill tanks to support the Canadian units suffered from mechanical issues, and those that did work are not able to penetrate past the sea wall due to impassable defences. None of the Churchill tanks that landed returned from the beaches and with a 70% casualty rate, the raid's attempt to establish a beachhead was a failure.

The next use of the Churchill was in North Africa during the Second Battle of El Alamein. At this point, the Churchills have been upgraded to the [[Churchill Mk III|Mk.III]] variants with 6-pounders as their main armament. The detachment, code-named "King Force", help supported the 7th Motor Brigade in their attack. The Churchills were fired upon by many German anti-tank weapons, but none were taken out with only one receiving noteworthy damage. "King Force", as a test bed for the feasibility of Churchills operating in the desert environment, was disbanded with the establishment of the 25th Army Tank Brigade with the Churchills to see action in February 1943 in Tunisia. In the German offensive Operation Ochsenkpf, two Churchill Mk.III from the 51st Royal Tank Regiment came across an entire German transport column that they ambushed. The result was a loss of twelve artillery pieces, 25 wheeled vehicles, two [[Panzer III]]s and 200 casualties on the British side with no losses. The Churchill also played a crucial role in the Battle of Longstop Hill, where Churchill tanks in the 48th Royal Tank Regiment faced off with Germany's newest heavy tank [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]]. Though suffering losses, a lucky 6-pounder shot from the Churchill ended up jamming the Tiger's turret and turret ring that injured the crew, forcing them to abandon the tank. The Tiger tank was captured by the British for intelligence purpose on Germany's armoured forces. The Tiger Tank is named Tiger 131.

After the North African campaign, the Churchill began to see widespread usage in the British army as a support unit for the infantry. The Churchill saw much more operation hours than any other British tank in service. It was at this point that the Churchill Mk.III began conversion into the 75 mm guns that were used on the American [[M4]] Sherman tanks. These conversions, known as NA75, were a resourceful solution for increasing the firepower of the Churchill tanks using readily available equipment. Some Churchills were also converted into close support vehicles with 95 mm howitzers as their main armaments. In response to the growing German anti-tank firepower in the later years of World War II, the Churchill tanks were also upgraded in armour by a large degree, though their engines were also upgraded to compensate for the additional weight. The [[Churchill Mk VII]], for example, has armour ranging up to 152 mm thick in the front, in comparison to the Mk.III 89 mm thick front hull. The Churchills also saw service in Europe during Operation Overlord. At the time, it was considered that the Churchill would become severely outdated with the growing tank technology, so an experimental program under specification A43, otherwise known as the [[Black Prince|Black Prince]], to up-armour and up-gun the Churchill. While this experimented seem fruitful, the development of more agile tanks with the same level of protection and armament such as the [[Centurion Mk 1|Centurion]] rendered the project obsolete.

The Churchills were also given out to the Allies to help combat the Axis forces. The Australian Army received a handful of Churchills for testing alongside the M4 Sherman with the Matilda II as the basis, to which proved that the Churchill was superior in jungle warfare. Of the 510 Churchills ordered by the Australians in the war, only 46 arrived in time and were not used in the Pacific War; the rest were cancelled with the end of World War II. The USSR also used the Churchills given by the British as part of the Lend-Lease act. 301 Churchills were sent, but 43 were lost to the sea by German naval forces. Of those that arrived, the Soviets gave the Churchills to the 5th Guards Tank Army in the Battle of Prokhorovka during the Kursk Offensive.

After World War II, the Churchill stuck around in the British Army until the Korean War, where the British sent the Churchill Crocodile Squadron (C squadron of the 7th Royal Tank Regiment) to Korea to fight with the Allied coalition. They fought as gun tanks in battle such as the Third Battle of Seoul. The Churchills were instrumental in some victories and were widely praised by both British and American forces and historians. After the Korean war, the Churchills remains in combat service until 1952, with the specific bridge-layer variant staying until the 1970s. The Irish Army also received three Churchill tanks in 1948 and another in 1949 as rentals until 1954, where they were purchased after trials with the vehicles. Despite running out of spare parts for the Churchill, the Irish Army took them in and experimented with using different engines to keep them functional, though this ended with failure and by 1967, only one was still functional. All were retired in 1969, and one was preserved at the Curragh Camp.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_a_22f_mk_7_churchill_1944 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|gR3JPNt0iPw|'''Heavyweight brits''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:06 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|gxIVvUZGptw|'''The Shooting Range #51''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:14 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/845/|[Devblog] A22B Сhurchill Mk.III and A22 Churchill Mk.VII (with developers answers)]]

{{TankManufacturer Vauxhall}}
{{Britain heavy tanks}}

User talk:U44629479

2023-07-15T14:22:17Z

U12423867: Thanks for explaining this counterintuitive concept.

User talk:U44629479

2023-07-15T07:35:14Z

U12423867: /* KV-1 (L-11) */ new section

KV-1 (L-11)

2023-07-15T06:51:21Z

U12423867: /* Ammo racks */ The table and to my embarrassment in a second edit, "Turret empty".

{{About
| about = Soviet heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = KV-1 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_kv_1_L_11
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{specs|name}}''' is a rank {{specs|rank}} Soviet heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. This tank was introduced during the closed beta testing for Ground Forces before [[Update 1.41]]. The KV-1 L-11 is the first unlockable Soviet heavy tank which boasts raw firepower and armour at the cost of mobility.

The first heavy tank available in the Soviet branch. It's slow, difficult to manoeuvre and heavily armoured, and mounts the same gun of the [[T-34 (1940)]], sharing its awful penetration. In Rank II battles, this tank is tough to penetrate so you can lead the assault and absorb shots that will quickly destroy your lighter and better-armed teammates. It's better to prefer short-range engagements, and you must aim for weak spots, but your best weapon is other players, so act like a steel wall and cover other tanks with better guns.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The {{PAGENAME}}'s armour can be quite intimidating to newcomers meeting it. An average all-around armour thickness of 75 mm is nothing to slouch at. An opponent's saving grace when facing the {{PAGENAME}} is that most of the armour plate are lightly angled, but a compound-angled {{PAGENAME}} can begin boasting an effective plate thickness of more than 100 mm in some areas. This means that unless the enemy has a high-velocity anti-tank gun, they will need to deliberately aim for the weak points on the {{PAGENAME}} when facing it from the front.

Unfortunately for most {{PAGENAME}} players, one of the prominent weak points of the tank is the flat front armour on the turret. This is extremely bad since to aim the gun, the front face of the turret has to be pointed straight towards the enemy. No compound angling can be done in this case, and so the enemy has the opportunity of penetrating the bare 75 mm of the turret's armour plate. Not only that, such a penetration can knock out most of the turret crew, crippling the {{PAGENAME}}'s performance in battle.

Even so, the huge side and rear armour is flat, and so an enemy that pounces on the {{PAGENAME}} from these flanks will be able to penetrate if these side plates are not angled to account for the enemy. The front armour is also a huge target to hit, but is helped by a large 72 degree sloped plate that is basically invulnerable to most shots due to its effective thickness and ricochet chances. Penetrating through the lower front glacis will knock out the driver and machine gunner (though APHE shells may detonate the huge hull ammo rack behind them as well), but aiming for the upper front plate can reliably destroy the {{PAGENAME}} in one-hit. Fortunately for {{PAGENAME}} drivers, this upper plate has a driver vision port and machine gun ball mount present, which often ricochet most shells that hit there; though these features should not be relied upon for protection against enemy fire.

{{PAGENAME}}
players should take care to not have an armour plate face perpendicularly towards the enemy and be constantly adjusting their hull angle to give their armour plates the extra edge needed to bounce an incoming round. When engaging target, don't keep the turret facing them too long or they will use the opportunity to poke through the turret front armour.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 75 mm (31°) ''Front plate'' <br> 70 mm (72°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 25 + 70 mm (7-71°) ''Joint plate'' <br> 75 mm (26-51°) ''Lower glacis'' || 75 mm || 60 mm (13-89°) ''Top'' <br /> 70 mm (14-57°) ''Bottom'' || 30 mm
|-
| Turret || 75 mm (15°) ''Turret front'' <br> 90 mm (1-52°) ''Gun mantlet shield'' <br> 75 mm (15-57°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 75 mm (14-15°) || 75 mm (16°) || 40 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick, tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Roof armour is quite excellent. 30 - 40 mm is nothing to ignore. It will reliably protect from most autocannons. Although aircraft with unique diving capability and +0 mm arms may still pierce it. More importantly, it makes the vehicle quite resilient against rocket strikes from vehicles such as the [[Calliope|Calliope]].
*The lower glacis, unlike most other tanks, is not a weak spot! It is including your own turrets height significantly better angled than the upper frontal plate. Further, neither the MG port nor the drivers view slit are weak points. Discard them as targets.
* Gun mantlet is an extra 75 mm bolted on to the turret, with some parts with an additional 90 mm added instead. This results in a spaced overlapped part with ~150 mm. Only the cheeks left, and right of the mantlet bulges should be shot! However, these areas are quite small and easily missed, if the turret is traversed.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

With its heavy weight, the {{PAGENAME}}'s mobility is slow and sluggish compared to medium tanks of the era. However, the machine is still quite manoueverable, and has good acceleration to get to its maximum forward speed quickly. While getting from one point to another can take a bit longer than the other tanks, the {{PAGENAME}} can navigate around rough terrain and tight corners while adjusting its own momentum quite comfortably whether the vehicle's status is stock or spaded.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 775|rbMinHp= 531}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

As usual, "Parts" and "FPE" first. "Tracks" is a good additional choice, a frequently targeted module. Also, it increases your turning capability a lot. After these, research "Adjustment of fire" and "Brake System", because the accuracy of the L-11 cannon is slightly increased, even though it is still subpar. The suspension is useful for firing on the move, something particularly useless for a slow, heavy tank. Braking quickly and being able to fire a more accurate shot proves to be much more efficient. The BR-350SP does not see any use. The small gain in penetration is offset by the lack of any HE filler, and the round should be ignored entirely. Afterwards, all Tier III & Tier IV upgrades are equally useful.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|L-11 (76 mm)}}

The 76 mm L-11 gun is not a good penetrating gun for the battle rating. While most nation's guns at this battle rating start having the ability to penetrate a bit more than 100 mm at point-blank ranges, the best penetrating AP round on the {{PAGENAME}} only has 93 mm of penetrating; the round is also a normal AP shot, meaning it does not have the benefit of exploding after penetrating the enemy armour. The gun is also coupled with a long reload time and a slow traverse rate. These factors mean that it is not a weapon that the {{PAGENAME}} can use to react to sudden situations.

The {{PAGENAME}} must be able to intimidate its opponents and keep them at bay with its armour and mobility long enough for each 76 mm shell from the L-11 gun to count. It is critical to know these skills as the rather low penetration values the shells of the L-11 gun has mean that the {{PAGENAME}} will often be facing enemies at closer ranges to make the most of the muzzle velocity.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L-11 (76 mm)|76 mm L-11]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 111 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 9.7 || 13.4 || 16.3 || 18.1 || 19.2 || rowspan="2" | 9.23 || rowspan="2" | 8.17 || rowspan="2" | 7.53 || rowspan="2" | 7.10
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 7.1 || 8.4 || 10.2 || 11.3 || 12.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The available ammunition allows for engaging all types of targets:

* '''BR-350A (MD-5 fuze)''': APHEBC; a shell with high explosive mass that will knock out any tank with a single shot, but has an average penetration power.
* '''BR-350SP''': APBC; a solid shot with a better penetration but no explosive filler.
* '''OF-350M''': HE; useful for destroying open and lightly armoured vehicles.
* '''Sh-354T''': Shrapnel; useful against vehicles that are resistant to HE shells but too thinly armoured to trigger the fuses of AP shells.

{{:L-11 (76 mm)/Ammunition|BR-350A (MD-5 fuze), BR-350SP, OF-350M, Sh-354T}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''111''' || 107 ''(+4)'' || 102 ''(+9)'' || 79 ''(+32)'' || 1 ''(+110)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Racks are modelled by sets of 5 shells (+ 1 set of 3 & 2 sets of 4) and sets disappear from the rack once all shells in the set have been loaded/fired.
* Turret empty: 102 ''(+9)'' shells.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|DT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm DT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,024 (63) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

The small calibre of the DT machine gun makes it largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. It still can be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help. The clip capacity of the machine gun is quite poor, as it relies on a magazine of 63 bullets instead of a belt like similar machine guns from other nations.

== Usage in battles ==

The first thing to know about the tank, just because it's a heavy tank does not mean you should charge headfirst into the enemy. While it may look intimidating as you watch the enemy's shells deflect off your vehicle as you move slightly forward to their front lines, you risk getting flanked as moving forward gives the enemy enough space to get around and hit you in the vulnerable rear area. Try to avoid letting the enemy get close enough to catch your turret ring and destroy each of your crew from there. Thankfully, the turret ring is quite a small target, and will be difficult to hit from far away. Despite the 75 mm all-around armour, don't think for a second that you are invulnerable and play smart still. Also, angling is quite important, as many of the Axis long-barreled 75 mm will penetrate you.

Make sure that you have a few teammates that are with you when playing the KV-1, as your gun will struggle to penetrate common foes such as the [[M4|M4 Sherman]] and the [[T-34]] frontally. With only 78mm of penetration at point-blank, it is necessary to aim for your opponents' weak spots. However, the post-penetration damage is amazing, and a shot that penetrates will most likely kill the enemy.

One of the more common and dangerous enemies this vehicle will face is the [[Pz.IV F2]]. The Panzer IV F2 has thin armour, but the long [[KwK40 L43 (75 mm)|75 mm]] cannon can easily pierce the KV-1 armour if it is not angled properly. The penetration for the PzGr 39 Shell, which is an APCBC and the stock shell for the Panzer IV F2, at normal combat ranges of 100 m and 500 m has 133 mm and 121 mm respectively. Another dangerous enemy is the [[StuG III F]]. It has the same 75 mm as the Panzer IV F2, but lacks a turret, making it harder to hit. Also, it is more well armoured compared to the Panzer IV F2, and has some sloped armour plates in the front. Try to hit the two non-sloped spots near the driver and the machine gunner, or flank around and hit their weak side armour.

===Counter-tactics===
Never charge into a KV-1 unless you are also playing as a heavy tank. The L-11 is a low-quality gun but can do devastating damage at short range. As a light tank, medium tank, or tank destroyer, always sneak around the KV-1 and get in shots from the back or side. The KV-1 has a slow turret traverse and flat side armour, making it especially vulnerable to flanking.It is not advised to engage with a KV-1 at all if you are playing as an SPAA.

As a heavy tank, if your gun is capable of penetrating the front of the KV-1's frontal armour, aim for the lower middle of the upper glacis, where the large ammo rack is located. If the shot penetrates, it almost guarantees a destroyed KV-1 as the ammo rack is huge.

As a light tank, medium tank or tank destroyer/SPG, use the advantage of cover (building, hill, trees, etc.) to flank or get behind a KV-1. It will be hard-pressed to turn quickly enough to angle its near-impervious frontal armour towards you. If you are not confident in your gun's ability to deal significant damage to the engine block or ammo racks, it is advised to fire at the tracks and disable the tank before rushing up to it and firing directly at the back. Shooting at the rear of the turret is also an option to attempt to hit one of the ammo racks on either side. However, smarter drivers will empty their turret of ammunition, so firing at the turret will not always work.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* All points of armour are better than good at its rank
* Angling your hull makes it virtually immune to most guns it faces
* Virtually no weak spot except the small turret ring
* Gun does decent damage upon penetration
* Heavily armoured for a Rank II tank
* One of the few Soviet tanks that have a crew of five
* Excellent rate of fire, useful for short-range engagements
* Quicker and better armed than the other first-rank II heavy tank; the [[Matilda Mk II|Matilda II]]

'''Cons:'''

* L-11 gun is very inadequate for its battle rating
* Low speed, typical for heavy tanks
* Slow turret traverse, if you need to change targets quickly you must rotate both the turret and the hull
* No neutral steering - making turns, especially when playing as the stock KV-1, will decrease your speed dramatically
* Penetration shots from the sides and below the turret are typically catastrophic
* Heavy and slow, you can't relocate quickly, and you are vulnerable when climbing hills
* Later variant of the Panzer IV can easily penetrate your armour, even from the front
* Large fuel tanks lined up on the side
* Cannot reliably compete with other heavy tanks in its BR range
* Most British tanks can penetrate your armour even from long range
* Trying to knock out another KV-1 L-11 is just a waste of shells and time

== History ==

===Development===
The start of the KV-1 heavy tanks began after the heavy tank [[T-35]]'s flaws came to light. Designers were ordered to draw up new designs to become the basis of a breakthrough heavy tank needed for the Soviet doctrine. This made for a tank that was heavily armoured, but not very mobile as it was to be for siege warfare. The designs offered all had heavy armour, wide tracks, and used the torsion-bar suspension. The designs were the [[SMK]], T-100, and what would be the '''KV tank''', which was named after the then Soviet Defense Commissar '''K'''liment '''V'''oroshilov.

During the developmental progress, the prototypes of all these heavy tanks were made, and the Winter War with Finland was on its way. The Soviets sent these tanks into Finland for combat testing, to which the KV design outperform in every way with its superior armour and firepower. The armour on the KV tank was impenetrable by a tank cannon in service and most anti-tank guns as well; the 76.2 mm cannon also gave it a colossal firepower boost compared to the usual 37 mm in use by other countries. However, the design was found to be challenging to steer, the transmission was unreliable, ergonomics were weak, and vision was limited, plus with its 45-ton weight, it was a weighty tank for its time. In truth, while formidable in power and protection, courageous crew member willing to curse the name would speak out about the trouble the KV tank was. The first variant of production before World War II broke out was the '''KV-1''' model. The first model production was equipped with the L-11 cannon, but this was deemed insufficient in performance and was later replaced in subsequent production models by the improved [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)|F-34, or the ZiS-5 cannon]].
[[File:KV-1_M1939.jpg|x300px|right|thumb|none|The KV-1 mod. 1939 with a L-11 gun installed.]]
===Combat usage===
When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, the Red Army had 508 of the KV tanks. With that many KV tanks available, the Russians shocked the German forces as their anti-tank and tank forces had few weapons capable of defeating it, having to rely mostly on the 88 mm Flak guns and the 5 cm Pak 38 with APCR rounds. But by 1942, Germany fielded large amounts of long barreled 50 mm and 75 mm cannons in both tanks and towed format, making the KV lose much of its armour advantage.

Perhaps the most memorable moment of glory for the KV-1 was at Krasnogvardeysk near Leningrad on the 19th of August 1941 when 5 KV-1s, led by Lt Zinoviy Kolobanov, ambushed the German 8th Panzer Division (a light panzer division consisting mainly of Panzer II, III and 38(t)). But there are some contradicting stories about what happened, and even if it indeed did happen. One story that supports the claim goes like this: each of the five KV-1s was hiding at different locations, came out one by one to fire at the incoming German tanks, then retreat before the next tank could come out. Such tactic boxed an entire tank and ended with 43 tanks destroyed before the KV-1 tanks retreated from running out of ammo, all in a span of about half an hour. During this battle, one of the KV-1 tanks was struck 135 times with no penetration. For their feat, Lt Z. Kolobanov and a few officers were decorated with the Order of Lenin and Order of the Red Banner medal.

The KV-1 continued to serve until the end of the war, though in dwindling numbers as they were lost due to mechanical failures, combat, and being superseded by more modern tanks. Some KV-1s built in 1941 still saw service in 1944 at the Leningrad front before being replaced by IS-2 tanks, then they saw service in Manchuria in 1945 before retired altogether at the end of World War II.

===Variants===
Many variants of the KV tank would be produced in the span of World War II as the Soviet try to keep it in production as long as possible, the initial version was called the '''KV-1''' and remained most part as the main Soviet heavy tank for the first part of World War II. A bunker-buster variant mounting a 152 mm howitzer after experiences in Finland brought the monster [[KV-2 (Family)|KV-2]] assault tank, which is very turret heavy that it must be on a flat surface to properly rotate. After complaints of its mechanical issues and lack of performance compared to the lighter [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]] medium tank was heard, the factory updated the tank, thinning its armour, and adding a commander's cupola with all-around vision blocks, so in 1943 it was designated as the [[KV-1S]]. But the KV-1S introduction was a little too late as then the better German tanks such as the [[Panther D|Panther tanks]] could knock them out with ease. An attempt to up-gun the KV-1S was to give it the 85 mm D-5T gun then in use on the [[SU-85]]. This variant was called the [[KV-85]]. Though it was seen favourable for a nice increase in firepower among the armoured forces, soon even the lighter T-34 began mounting the 85 mm gun as the [[T-34-85]]. It was determined that the heavy tank would have a much bigger gun than the medium tanks, but at the time the KVs were falling out of favour in preference to the newer [[IS-1]] and [[IS-2]] heavy tanks coming into service, which was based off the KV-13 prototype tanks developed in 1942 as a medium tank.

===Survivors===
Several KV-1s survive after the war, most as monuments, but also in museums. Only one genuine KV-1 was restored to running condition in Russia after it was found in the bottom of the Neva River.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The first clashes with Spanish nationalists armed with light anti-tank weapons made it clear that a new heavy tank with cannon proof armour had to be created. The heavy tank's design began at the end of 1938.

For 1940, the mass-produced KV-1 was a truly pioneering innovation, embodying the most advanced ideas of its time: individual torsion-bar suspension, reliable cannon proof armour and a single powerful universal weapon within a classic layout. This was the first time such an arrangement was used on a Soviet mass-produced heavy tank, which meant that the KV-1 received the strongest defences and most potential for modernisation. The tank's armoured hull was welded from 75, 40, 30 and 20 mm thick rolled armour plates. The KV-1 was equipped with a 500 hp B-2K diesel engine and a 76.2 mm L-11 cannon with an ammunition complement of 111 shots, in addition to three 7.62 mm DT machine guns. One was paired with the cannon, while the others were placed on the bow and stern in ball mounts. When necessary, the machine guns could be removed and used outside the tank.

The KV-1 tanks made their debut on the Winter War front. The tank successfully passed its trial by fire. No enemy anti-tank cannon was able to destroy it. Many times, the new vehicles survived battle not only with several but with several dozen German tanks.

The tank had some serious drawbacks: its poorly designed transmission and air filter, insufficiently durable tracks and road wheels, a crowded fighting compartment and poor vision. The engine and transmission often broke down during intensive use. The tank's 7-tonne turret also caused many problems. Its weight lead to rotation issues related to the high force placed on the aiming mechanism levers and the low power of the electric motors.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_kv_1_L_11 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|yHuUGzezChI|'''Best after-party picks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 0:48 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|QqGg7E9ZsNw|'''There is a reason why this Soviet tank has such a low battle rating: KV-1 (L-11)''' - ''HowToPlay1337''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[MK-II "Matilda" (USSR)]]
* [[Churchill III]]
* [[ARL-44 (ACL-1)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/2783/current|[Historical] Tanks of Kliment Voroshilov]]
* [[wikipedia:Kliment_Voroshilov_tank|[Wikipedia] Kliment Voroshilov tank]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/soviet/soviet_KV-1.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> KV-1]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=313 <nowiki>[Military Factory]</nowiki> KV-1 (Klimenti Voroshilov)]

{{TankManufacturer Kirov}}
{{USSR heavy tanks}}

KV-1 (L-11)

2023-07-15T06:45:44Z

U12423867: /* Ammo racks */ Table

{{About
| about = Soviet heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = KV-1 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_kv_1_L_11
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{specs|name}}''' is a rank {{specs|rank}} Soviet heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. This tank was introduced during the closed beta testing for Ground Forces before [[Update 1.41]]. The KV-1 L-11 is the first unlockable Soviet heavy tank which boasts raw firepower and armour at the cost of mobility.

The first heavy tank available in the Soviet branch. It's slow, difficult to manoeuvre and heavily armoured, and mounts the same gun of the [[T-34 (1940)]], sharing its awful penetration. In Rank II battles, this tank is tough to penetrate so you can lead the assault and absorb shots that will quickly destroy your lighter and better-armed teammates. It's better to prefer short-range engagements, and you must aim for weak spots, but your best weapon is other players, so act like a steel wall and cover other tanks with better guns.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The {{PAGENAME}}'s armour can be quite intimidating to newcomers meeting it. An average all-around armour thickness of 75 mm is nothing to slouch at. An opponent's saving grace when facing the {{PAGENAME}} is that most of the armour plate are lightly angled, but a compound-angled {{PAGENAME}} can begin boasting an effective plate thickness of more than 100 mm in some areas. This means that unless the enemy has a high-velocity anti-tank gun, they will need to deliberately aim for the weak points on the {{PAGENAME}} when facing it from the front.

Unfortunately for most {{PAGENAME}} players, one of the prominent weak points of the tank is the flat front armour on the turret. This is extremely bad since to aim the gun, the front face of the turret has to be pointed straight towards the enemy. No compound angling can be done in this case, and so the enemy has the opportunity of penetrating the bare 75 mm of the turret's armour plate. Not only that, such a penetration can knock out most of the turret crew, crippling the {{PAGENAME}}'s performance in battle.

Even so, the huge side and rear armour is flat, and so an enemy that pounces on the {{PAGENAME}} from these flanks will be able to penetrate if these side plates are not angled to account for the enemy. The front armour is also a huge target to hit, but is helped by a large 72 degree sloped plate that is basically invulnerable to most shots due to its effective thickness and ricochet chances. Penetrating through the lower front glacis will knock out the driver and machine gunner (though APHE shells may detonate the huge hull ammo rack behind them as well), but aiming for the upper front plate can reliably destroy the {{PAGENAME}} in one-hit. Fortunately for {{PAGENAME}} drivers, this upper plate has a driver vision port and machine gun ball mount present, which often ricochet most shells that hit there; though these features should not be relied upon for protection against enemy fire.

{{PAGENAME}}
players should take care to not have an armour plate face perpendicularly towards the enemy and be constantly adjusting their hull angle to give their armour plates the extra edge needed to bounce an incoming round. When engaging target, don't keep the turret facing them too long or they will use the opportunity to poke through the turret front armour.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 75 mm (31°) ''Front plate'' <br> 70 mm (72°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 25 + 70 mm (7-71°) ''Joint plate'' <br> 75 mm (26-51°) ''Lower glacis'' || 75 mm || 60 mm (13-89°) ''Top'' <br /> 70 mm (14-57°) ''Bottom'' || 30 mm
|-
| Turret || 75 mm (15°) ''Turret front'' <br> 90 mm (1-52°) ''Gun mantlet shield'' <br> 75 mm (15-57°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 75 mm (14-15°) || 75 mm (16°) || 40 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick, tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Roof armour is quite excellent. 30 - 40 mm is nothing to ignore. It will reliably protect from most autocannons. Although aircraft with unique diving capability and +0 mm arms may still pierce it. More importantly, it makes the vehicle quite resilient against rocket strikes from vehicles such as the [[Calliope|Calliope]].
*The lower glacis, unlike most other tanks, is not a weak spot! It is including your own turrets height significantly better angled than the upper frontal plate. Further, neither the MG port nor the drivers view slit are weak points. Discard them as targets.
* Gun mantlet is an extra 75 mm bolted on to the turret, with some parts with an additional 90 mm added instead. This results in a spaced overlapped part with ~150 mm. Only the cheeks left, and right of the mantlet bulges should be shot! However, these areas are quite small and easily missed, if the turret is traversed.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

With its heavy weight, the {{PAGENAME}}'s mobility is slow and sluggish compared to medium tanks of the era. However, the machine is still quite manoueverable, and has good acceleration to get to its maximum forward speed quickly. While getting from one point to another can take a bit longer than the other tanks, the {{PAGENAME}} can navigate around rough terrain and tight corners while adjusting its own momentum quite comfortably whether the vehicle's status is stock or spaded.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 775|rbMinHp= 531}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

As usual, "Parts" and "FPE" first. "Tracks" is a good additional choice, a frequently targeted module. Also, it increases your turning capability a lot. After these, research "Adjustment of fire" and "Brake System", because the accuracy of the L-11 cannon is slightly increased, even though it is still subpar. The suspension is useful for firing on the move, something particularly useless for a slow, heavy tank. Braking quickly and being able to fire a more accurate shot proves to be much more efficient. The BR-350SP does not see any use. The small gain in penetration is offset by the lack of any HE filler, and the round should be ignored entirely. Afterwards, all Tier III & Tier IV upgrades are equally useful.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|L-11 (76 mm)}}

The 76 mm L-11 gun is not a good penetrating gun for the battle rating. While most nation's guns at this battle rating start having the ability to penetrate a bit more than 100 mm at point-blank ranges, the best penetrating AP round on the {{PAGENAME}} only has 93 mm of penetrating; the round is also a normal AP shot, meaning it does not have the benefit of exploding after penetrating the enemy armour. The gun is also coupled with a long reload time and a slow traverse rate. These factors mean that it is not a weapon that the {{PAGENAME}} can use to react to sudden situations.

The {{PAGENAME}} must be able to intimidate its opponents and keep them at bay with its armour and mobility long enough for each 76 mm shell from the L-11 gun to count. It is critical to know these skills as the rather low penetration values the shells of the L-11 gun has mean that the {{PAGENAME}} will often be facing enemies at closer ranges to make the most of the muzzle velocity.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L-11 (76 mm)|76 mm L-11]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 111 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 9.7 || 13.4 || 16.3 || 18.1 || 19.2 || rowspan="2" | 9.23 || rowspan="2" | 8.17 || rowspan="2" | 7.53 || rowspan="2" | 7.10
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 7.1 || 8.4 || 10.2 || 11.3 || 12.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The available ammunition allows for engaging all types of targets:

* '''BR-350A (MD-5 fuze)''': APHEBC; a shell with high explosive mass that will knock out any tank with a single shot, but has an average penetration power.
* '''BR-350SP''': APBC; a solid shot with a better penetration but no explosive filler.
* '''OF-350M''': HE; useful for destroying open and lightly armoured vehicles.
* '''Sh-354T''': Shrapnel; useful against vehicles that are resistant to HE shells but too thinly armoured to trigger the fuses of AP shells.

{{:L-11 (76 mm)/Ammunition|BR-350A (MD-5 fuze), BR-350SP, OF-350M, Sh-354T}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''111''' || 107 ''(+4)'' || 102 ''(+9)'' || 79 ''(+32)'' || 1 ''(+110)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Racks are modelled by sets of 5 shells (+ 1 set of 3 & 2 sets of 4) and sets disappear from the rack once all shells in the set have been loaded/fired.
* Turret empty: 101 ''(+10)'' shells.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|DT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm DT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,024 (63) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

The small calibre of the DT machine gun makes it largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. It still can be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help. The clip capacity of the machine gun is quite poor, as it relies on a magazine of 63 bullets instead of a belt like similar machine guns from other nations.

== Usage in battles ==

The first thing to know about the tank, just because it's a heavy tank does not mean you should charge headfirst into the enemy. While it may look intimidating as you watch the enemy's shells deflect off your vehicle as you move slightly forward to their front lines, you risk getting flanked as moving forward gives the enemy enough space to get around and hit you in the vulnerable rear area. Try to avoid letting the enemy get close enough to catch your turret ring and destroy each of your crew from there. Thankfully, the turret ring is quite a small target, and will be difficult to hit from far away. Despite the 75 mm all-around armour, don't think for a second that you are invulnerable and play smart still. Also, angling is quite important, as many of the Axis long-barreled 75 mm will penetrate you.

Make sure that you have a few teammates that are with you when playing the KV-1, as your gun will struggle to penetrate common foes such as the [[M4|M4 Sherman]] and the [[T-34]] frontally. With only 78mm of penetration at point-blank, it is necessary to aim for your opponents' weak spots. However, the post-penetration damage is amazing, and a shot that penetrates will most likely kill the enemy.

One of the more common and dangerous enemies this vehicle will face is the [[Pz.IV F2]]. The Panzer IV F2 has thin armour, but the long [[KwK40 L43 (75 mm)|75 mm]] cannon can easily pierce the KV-1 armour if it is not angled properly. The penetration for the PzGr 39 Shell, which is an APCBC and the stock shell for the Panzer IV F2, at normal combat ranges of 100 m and 500 m has 133 mm and 121 mm respectively. Another dangerous enemy is the [[StuG III F]]. It has the same 75 mm as the Panzer IV F2, but lacks a turret, making it harder to hit. Also, it is more well armoured compared to the Panzer IV F2, and has some sloped armour plates in the front. Try to hit the two non-sloped spots near the driver and the machine gunner, or flank around and hit their weak side armour.

===Counter-tactics===
Never charge into a KV-1 unless you are also playing as a heavy tank. The L-11 is a low-quality gun but can do devastating damage at short range. As a light tank, medium tank, or tank destroyer, always sneak around the KV-1 and get in shots from the back or side. The KV-1 has a slow turret traverse and flat side armour, making it especially vulnerable to flanking.It is not advised to engage with a KV-1 at all if you are playing as an SPAA.

As a heavy tank, if your gun is capable of penetrating the front of the KV-1's frontal armour, aim for the lower middle of the upper glacis, where the large ammo rack is located. If the shot penetrates, it almost guarantees a destroyed KV-1 as the ammo rack is huge.

As a light tank, medium tank or tank destroyer/SPG, use the advantage of cover (building, hill, trees, etc.) to flank or get behind a KV-1. It will be hard-pressed to turn quickly enough to angle its near-impervious frontal armour towards you. If you are not confident in your gun's ability to deal significant damage to the engine block or ammo racks, it is advised to fire at the tracks and disable the tank before rushing up to it and firing directly at the back. Shooting at the rear of the turret is also an option to attempt to hit one of the ammo racks on either side. However, smarter drivers will empty their turret of ammunition, so firing at the turret will not always work.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* All points of armour are better than good at its rank
* Angling your hull makes it virtually immune to most guns it faces
* Virtually no weak spot except the small turret ring
* Gun does decent damage upon penetration
* Heavily armoured for a Rank II tank
* One of the few Soviet tanks that have a crew of five
* Excellent rate of fire, useful for short-range engagements
* Quicker and better armed than the other first-rank II heavy tank; the [[Matilda Mk II|Matilda II]]

'''Cons:'''

* L-11 gun is very inadequate for its battle rating
* Low speed, typical for heavy tanks
* Slow turret traverse, if you need to change targets quickly you must rotate both the turret and the hull
* No neutral steering - making turns, especially when playing as the stock KV-1, will decrease your speed dramatically
* Penetration shots from the sides and below the turret are typically catastrophic
* Heavy and slow, you can't relocate quickly, and you are vulnerable when climbing hills
* Later variant of the Panzer IV can easily penetrate your armour, even from the front
* Large fuel tanks lined up on the side
* Cannot reliably compete with other heavy tanks in its BR range
* Most British tanks can penetrate your armour even from long range
* Trying to knock out another KV-1 L-11 is just a waste of shells and time

== History ==

===Development===
The start of the KV-1 heavy tanks began after the heavy tank [[T-35]]'s flaws came to light. Designers were ordered to draw up new designs to become the basis of a breakthrough heavy tank needed for the Soviet doctrine. This made for a tank that was heavily armoured, but not very mobile as it was to be for siege warfare. The designs offered all had heavy armour, wide tracks, and used the torsion-bar suspension. The designs were the [[SMK]], T-100, and what would be the '''KV tank''', which was named after the then Soviet Defense Commissar '''K'''liment '''V'''oroshilov.

During the developmental progress, the prototypes of all these heavy tanks were made, and the Winter War with Finland was on its way. The Soviets sent these tanks into Finland for combat testing, to which the KV design outperform in every way with its superior armour and firepower. The armour on the KV tank was impenetrable by a tank cannon in service and most anti-tank guns as well; the 76.2 mm cannon also gave it a colossal firepower boost compared to the usual 37 mm in use by other countries. However, the design was found to be challenging to steer, the transmission was unreliable, ergonomics were weak, and vision was limited, plus with its 45-ton weight, it was a weighty tank for its time. In truth, while formidable in power and protection, courageous crew member willing to curse the name would speak out about the trouble the KV tank was. The first variant of production before World War II broke out was the '''KV-1''' model. The first model production was equipped with the L-11 cannon, but this was deemed insufficient in performance and was later replaced in subsequent production models by the improved [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)|F-34, or the ZiS-5 cannon]].
[[File:KV-1_M1939.jpg|x300px|right|thumb|none|The KV-1 mod. 1939 with a L-11 gun installed.]]
===Combat usage===
When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, the Red Army had 508 of the KV tanks. With that many KV tanks available, the Russians shocked the German forces as their anti-tank and tank forces had few weapons capable of defeating it, having to rely mostly on the 88 mm Flak guns and the 5 cm Pak 38 with APCR rounds. But by 1942, Germany fielded large amounts of long barreled 50 mm and 75 mm cannons in both tanks and towed format, making the KV lose much of its armour advantage.

Perhaps the most memorable moment of glory for the KV-1 was at Krasnogvardeysk near Leningrad on the 19th of August 1941 when 5 KV-1s, led by Lt Zinoviy Kolobanov, ambushed the German 8th Panzer Division (a light panzer division consisting mainly of Panzer II, III and 38(t)). But there are some contradicting stories about what happened, and even if it indeed did happen. One story that supports the claim goes like this: each of the five KV-1s was hiding at different locations, came out one by one to fire at the incoming German tanks, then retreat before the next tank could come out. Such tactic boxed an entire tank and ended with 43 tanks destroyed before the KV-1 tanks retreated from running out of ammo, all in a span of about half an hour. During this battle, one of the KV-1 tanks was struck 135 times with no penetration. For their feat, Lt Z. Kolobanov and a few officers were decorated with the Order of Lenin and Order of the Red Banner medal.

The KV-1 continued to serve until the end of the war, though in dwindling numbers as they were lost due to mechanical failures, combat, and being superseded by more modern tanks. Some KV-1s built in 1941 still saw service in 1944 at the Leningrad front before being replaced by IS-2 tanks, then they saw service in Manchuria in 1945 before retired altogether at the end of World War II.

===Variants===
Many variants of the KV tank would be produced in the span of World War II as the Soviet try to keep it in production as long as possible, the initial version was called the '''KV-1''' and remained most part as the main Soviet heavy tank for the first part of World War II. A bunker-buster variant mounting a 152 mm howitzer after experiences in Finland brought the monster [[KV-2 (Family)|KV-2]] assault tank, which is very turret heavy that it must be on a flat surface to properly rotate. After complaints of its mechanical issues and lack of performance compared to the lighter [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]] medium tank was heard, the factory updated the tank, thinning its armour, and adding a commander's cupola with all-around vision blocks, so in 1943 it was designated as the [[KV-1S]]. But the KV-1S introduction was a little too late as then the better German tanks such as the [[Panther D|Panther tanks]] could knock them out with ease. An attempt to up-gun the KV-1S was to give it the 85 mm D-5T gun then in use on the [[SU-85]]. This variant was called the [[KV-85]]. Though it was seen favourable for a nice increase in firepower among the armoured forces, soon even the lighter T-34 began mounting the 85 mm gun as the [[T-34-85]]. It was determined that the heavy tank would have a much bigger gun than the medium tanks, but at the time the KVs were falling out of favour in preference to the newer [[IS-1]] and [[IS-2]] heavy tanks coming into service, which was based off the KV-13 prototype tanks developed in 1942 as a medium tank.

===Survivors===
Several KV-1s survive after the war, most as monuments, but also in museums. Only one genuine KV-1 was restored to running condition in Russia after it was found in the bottom of the Neva River.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The first clashes with Spanish nationalists armed with light anti-tank weapons made it clear that a new heavy tank with cannon proof armour had to be created. The heavy tank's design began at the end of 1938.

For 1940, the mass-produced KV-1 was a truly pioneering innovation, embodying the most advanced ideas of its time: individual torsion-bar suspension, reliable cannon proof armour and a single powerful universal weapon within a classic layout. This was the first time such an arrangement was used on a Soviet mass-produced heavy tank, which meant that the KV-1 received the strongest defences and most potential for modernisation. The tank's armoured hull was welded from 75, 40, 30 and 20 mm thick rolled armour plates. The KV-1 was equipped with a 500 hp B-2K diesel engine and a 76.2 mm L-11 cannon with an ammunition complement of 111 shots, in addition to three 7.62 mm DT machine guns. One was paired with the cannon, while the others were placed on the bow and stern in ball mounts. When necessary, the machine guns could be removed and used outside the tank.

The KV-1 tanks made their debut on the Winter War front. The tank successfully passed its trial by fire. No enemy anti-tank cannon was able to destroy it. Many times, the new vehicles survived battle not only with several but with several dozen German tanks.

The tank had some serious drawbacks: its poorly designed transmission and air filter, insufficiently durable tracks and road wheels, a crowded fighting compartment and poor vision. The engine and transmission often broke down during intensive use. The tank's 7-tonne turret also caused many problems. Its weight lead to rotation issues related to the high force placed on the aiming mechanism levers and the low power of the electric motors.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_kv_1_L_11 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|yHuUGzezChI|'''Best after-party picks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 0:48 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|QqGg7E9ZsNw|'''There is a reason why this Soviet tank has such a low battle rating: KV-1 (L-11)''' - ''HowToPlay1337''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[MK-II "Matilda" (USSR)]]
* [[Churchill III]]
* [[ARL-44 (ACL-1)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/2783/current|[Historical] Tanks of Kliment Voroshilov]]
* [[wikipedia:Kliment_Voroshilov_tank|[Wikipedia] Kliment Voroshilov tank]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/soviet/soviet_KV-1.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> KV-1]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=313 <nowiki>[Military Factory]</nowiki> KV-1 (Klimenti Voroshilov)]

{{TankManufacturer Kirov}}
{{USSR heavy tanks}}

S.I.G.33 (150 mm)

2023-07-15T06:01:39Z

U12423867: Massive edit for such a short article. Used the in-game name for the gun in the description, and the correct one everywhere else. The name used for the page itself is neither.

== Description ==

The '''''150 mm s.I.G.33''''' is a German infantry gun. It stands for "schweres Infanteriegeschütz 33" (literally: heavy infantry gun 33).

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|germ_sturmpanzer_II}}

== General info ==

The schweres 15-cm-Infanteriegeschütz 33 is capable of firing HE and HEAT grenades. Being an infantry gun developed in the 1920s, it is inaccurate at long range due to its short barrel.

=== Available ammunition ===


{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|I.Gr.38, I.Gr.39 HI/A}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===


* The [[Stu.H 43 L/12 (150 mm)|150 mm Stu.H 43 L/12]] used by the [[Brummbar|Brummbär]] is of similar length, fires the same shells, but needs a longer time to reload.
* The [[Type 38 (150 mm)|150 mm Type 38]] on the [[Ho-Ro]] fires a heavier shell with more explosive filler.
* The [[M-10T (152 mm)|152 mm M-10T]] equipped on the [[KV-2 (Family)]] fires a heavier HE shell with less explosive filler and less penetration, but is able to fire SAPCBC shells.

== Usage in battles ==

The sIG 33 has a huge damage output when using HE (and is therefore regularly encountered in high-rank matches), but its inaccuracy becomes increasingly difficult to compensate at firing distances beyond circa 500 m. The steep trajectory of its projectiles makes it suitable for indirect fire.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fires a giant shell with lots of explosive filler
* Damage and armour penetration stem entirely from the explosive force, meaning for most vehicles at its battle rating, just aim centre mass
* Enough explosive filler that it can destroy unarmoured/light armoured targets with splash damage and overpressure alone

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely slow reload rate, if you miss your initial shot in a confrontation, you are in danger of getting destroyed before being able to reload
* Slow muzzle velocity and a heavy projectile means a lot of range adjustment and leading will have to be made
* In close quarters, you may end up knocking yourself out due to overpressure damage
* On heavily armoured opponents, the few ways possible to destroy them is to fire the shell either down underneath the tank or at the roof.

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|lK9Ck3P6AvM|'''Top 7 best rounds''' discusses the J.Gr.38 at 3:09 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

Talk:Cannone da 100/17 Mod.1914 (100 mm)

2023-07-14T00:17:47Z

U12423867: Cannone or Obice?

Please double-check the name of the gun. --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 06:07, 12 July 2023 (UTC)
: The name of the gun matches its name in-game. If you believe the name is historically inaccurate, please submit a bug report on the [https://community.gaijin.net/issues/p/warthunder community bug reporting service] with appropriate supporting material. - [[User:U38088265|U38088265]] ([[User talk:U38088265|talk]]) 19:19, 12 July 2023 (UTC)
:: Thanks for answering! Just done that. --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 00:17, 14 July 2023 (UTC)

Cobra King

2023-07-13T20:14:49Z

U12423867: Missed a words

{{About
| about = premium American heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = other versions
| link-1 = M4 Sherman (Family)
| usage-2 = other uses
| link-2 = M4 (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=us_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo_cobra_king
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} American heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was one of the first American tanks to be released with the American ground tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. A premium version of the [[M4A3E2|M4A3E2 Jumbo]]. As a side note, the nickname "Jumbo" was likely never used during WWII, as there is no record of it. However, its use both on the Wiki and in-game is still prevalent.

The "Cobra King" is in many aspects the same vehicle as the regular M4A3E2. There are however a few notable cosmetic differences:

* a shade of green on the vehicle's stock livery different from the standard US olive-drab green, with a more pronounced green colour than the subdued mix with brown,
* the large white marking "First in Bastogne" present on the hull's left side, boasting about the tank's actual achievement in the US Third Army in World War II, and a bit lower on the hull sides will a decal with the name "Cobra King",
* and finally, the presence on the rear of the vehicle of kit, canvas, gear, tracks, and fuel tanks, which are absent on the regular M4A3E2.

The Jumbo's armour is nothing to underestimate. It can bounce most shells at point blank range when angled more than 30 degrees. And the turret is well armoured from all sides, too. This tank is used as a breakthrough tank to attack fortified enemy positions due to its thick armour. As such it allows players to get close to most enemy tanks and attack them from the sides, or force them to retreat. On the downside, the gun is wimpy without M61 shot and even then it still bounces more often than not. Best to take a bit more ammo than normal to compensate for all the shots that will bounce.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The "Cobra King" still features the double layered front armour, giving the vehicle its distinctive 101.6 mm total front armour. The transmission housing is also considerably beefier too from the addition of armour in the area as well. The front of the T23-style turret is also distinctive, with the very blocky gun mantlet and circular barrel shroud around the rather underwhelming 75 mm gun barrel.

The sides and suspension look like the usual game with the M4 Sherman series, but with minor differences. The flat side armour of the hull, instead of 38.1 mm thick, is now 76.2 mm thick for much stronger side protection. However, the lower side hull around the bogie suspension area is still only 38.1 mm thick, vulnerable to most regular anti-tank weapons. Another minor difference is the tracks, the T48 rubber chevron tracks are equipped with extended end connectors in an effort to improve ground pressure performance for the additional weight of the armour.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Front, Side, Rear, Roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Transmission area)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 63.5 + 38.1 mm (47°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 114.3-139.7 mm (7-66°) ''Transmission housing'' || 76.2 mm ''Top'' <br> 38.1 mm ''Bottom'' || 38.1 mm (10°) ''Top'' <br> 38.1 mm (7-24°) ''Bottom'' || 19.5 mm
|-
| Turret || 152.4 mm (0-52°) ''Turret front'' <br> 177.8 mm (4-60°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 152.4 mm (4-42°) || 152.4 mm (0-79°) || 63.5 mm ''Front'' <br> 25.4 mm
|-
| Cupola || 51 mm || 51 mm || 51 mm || 25.4 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm, bogies 10 mm, and tracks are 17 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 25.4 mm thick.
* Hull underside right above the tracks is 9.5 mm thick.
* Gun breech is 300 mm thick in structural steel.

The M4A3E2 Jumbo presents very little frontal weak spots in an engagement. It is best to try to force the Jumbo towards the player or allies. An angle more than 30 degrees can expose the much weaker lower side hull armour in the suspension that is only 38.1 mm thick. With a powerful enough gun, a round can penetrate this area and damage the crew, or even set off the ammunition all cluttered up on the bottom of the tank.

If a frontal engagement is unavoidable and is unfortunately armed with guns unable to penetrate the front glacis, there are only two areas that are viable. First is the machine gun port, which is one of the areas that is not layered with the extra 38.1 mm added on top of the base armour. Guns like the Panzer IV 75 mm KwK40 guns that are unable to cleave through the front glacis can push their luck in this area, with small "sweet spots" the round can pass through. Another way to attack the M4A3E2 in this scenario is exploiting a shot-trap in the gun mantlet. The small corner flaps on the bottom corners of the gun mantlet have a tendency to deflect rounds downwards onto the 19.5 mm hull roof armour. While this will be left to the ricochet chances, it is still possible and can be used if no other scenarios are favourable.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=646|rbMinHp=442}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M3 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm M3]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 104 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Vertical|up to 24 km/h}} || 19.42 || 26.88 || 32.64 || 36.10 || 38.40 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.56 || 24.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M3 (75 mm)/Ammunition|M72 shot, M48 shell, M61 shot, T45 shot, M89}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_M4A3E2.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the M4A3E2 (identical).]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''104''' || 100 ''(+4)'' || 50 ''(+54)'' || 0 ''(+104)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* As they are modelled by sets of 2, shells disappear from the rack only after you fire both shells in the set.
* Turret empty: 100 ''(+4)'' shells.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 600 (200) || 577 || -10°/+30° || ±60°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Cobra King is best in assaulting enemy positions with allies. Its great mobility for a heavy tank, especially with its armour, makes it a vehicle able to charge into battle with confidence. It can act as a bullet magnet against enemy tanks more worried about the Cobra King, diverting fire that would have been directed more vulnerable teammates. Though the 75 mm gun's AP performance is not suited to the types of enemies expected at the BR, it can still harass enemies and the gun is lethal enough that enemies will be forced to show their front armour towards the Jumbo else a 75 mm penetrates their side armour. Their focus on the Jumbo can allow allies to move around and eliminate them. During all this, take care not to over-angle and show the lower side armour too much as this allows vehicles to penetrate down there and damage modules, even the ammunition storage if they are lucky.

Another role the Cobra King is good at is as a flanker. Due to its great mobility as a heavy tank, the Cobra King can manoeuvre like a medium tank around the battlefield. This is also beneficial to the 75 mm gun as it would permit the Cobra King a chance to attack the weaker side armours of enemy vehicles. Once flanking around and finding a prime position in a firing angle right into an enemy choke point, minimize exposure to anything but the front armour and the Cobra King can remain a formidable obstacle to all opponents. Take care not to be outflanked by enemy players aware of the Cobra King's position.

As the Cobra King has a slightly higher battle rating than the other M4 Shermans, it can be up-tiered against tanks such as the [[Tiger H1]] and the [[Panther D]], meaning its M61 round will be almost harmless. For this reason, it is advisable to take the T45 APCR ammo into battle, at least enough to take on the armoured targets the Cobra King will face.

The Soviet 85 mm gun can be a threat, so caution is advised when going up against tanks armed with the 85 mm, such as the [[T-34-85]], [[SU-85]], and [[IS-1]]. The [[Jagdpanzer 38(t)]] and [[Jagdpanzer IV]] can be tricky when facing off against them. Their frontal armour is too thick and sloped for the 75 mm M3 gun to have any effect on it. For these two targets, it is advised to target their tracks and transmission and then flank for a side shot, where the armour is much weaker. Finally, the Sturer Emil wields a 128 mm that can penetrate the front plate of the Cobra King, so caution is advised against those as well.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent frontal armour
* Very strong turret armour from all sides, excellent at hull down position
* Nimble for a heavy tank, able to accelerate quickly
* APCR shot has high penetration power
* High rate of fire for the 75 mm M3 gun
* Excellent gun depression
* Equipped with gun stabilizer, making it more accurate at moving and when preparing a shot after moving

'''Cons:'''

* 75 mm M3 gun lacks penetration against most tanks frontally
* APCR shot has poor post-penetration damage
* The frontal armour still presents several weak spots enemies can easily exploit
* Side and rear armour are pretty weak and limit angling tactics
* Low top speed
* Reverse speed is poor

== History ==


===Development===
Even before the invasion of Normandy, the Allied commanders had to figure out a method in order to breach heavily-defended fortification lines such as the Siegfried Line blocking the path from France to Germany. One of the solutions was the implementation of "assault tanks" that would enter enemy territory and root out the enemy fortifications. The initial plan was for the production of the [[M26|M26 Pershing]] tanks to fulfil this role, but setbacks in its development caused the M26 deployment to be delayed until 1945. A quick solution had to be made to fill this "assault tank" role for the invasion of Europe in 1944.

The US Ordnance Department then took their abundant [[M4|M4 Shermans]] in stock and fixed them up for the new role they've been assigned. Although keeping the same engine, the armour was upped from around 76.2 mm initial thickness to 102 mm and angled at 47 degrees from vertical. This angle would influence later Sherman designs such as the M4A3 by changing the original 56 degrees angled glacis with protruding crew hatches to 47 degrees angled glacis without any protrusion from the crew hatches. This modified M4 Sherman's armour when angled would then be 150 mm line-of-sight (LOS) thick and 180 mm effective. The side armour was also increased to 76.2 mm thick and the turret was redesigned to provide more protection. These modified Shermans were designated as the [[M4A3E2]] by the Ordnance Department, whereas the nickname "Jumbo" was likely a post-war invention. At the end of the modifications, the Sherman "Jumbo" now weighed about 42 tons and moved at a lower speed of 22 miles per hour. A drawback to the increased weight of the Sherman is that the Vertical Volute Suspension System (VVSS) from the Sherman was unable to take the weight easily, so extra care was taken by the crew members to not break the suspension.

In March of 1944, the US Army ordered 254 of these vehicles to be delivered for use in European Operations. Intended to assault the Normandy Beachhead, it was deployed in Normandy after D-Day to assist the infantry push through German defences. The M4A3E2 originally came with the 75 mm cannon to support infantry with its better HE shells compared to the planned 76 mm instalment, but the 76 mm was installed later in the campaign and called the [[M4A3E2 (76) W]] Jumbo.

===Combat usage===
The M4A3E2s was well-liked by the crew and commanders due to its protection value. Despite the weight difference and strain on the suspension, it performed reliably and could absorb damage that would otherwise destroy regular Shermans. Later in the war, when the quantity of the M4 Sherman "Jumbos" were unable to meet the demand, George S. Patton ordered the existing M4 Shermans to weld on armour plates scavenged from knocked out tanks to makeshift "on-the-field" Jumbos. This caused the newer Shermans such as the [[M4A3 (76) W|M4A3 (76) W HVSS]] to have the same protection by welding metal onto the hull. One of the Jumbo's notable participation in the war was in Patton's Third Army where it spearheaded the assault of Bastogne to relieve the pinned down 101st Paratroopers. The '''M4A3E2 "Cobra King"''' was the tank Lt Charles P. Boggess commanded to lead elements of Patton's Third Army into Bastogne on December 25, 1944. The 101st was finally relieved and reconnected with the Third Army on December 27. "Cobra King", however, was knocked out sometime during the fighting (maybe during the Hammelburg Raid) and had its interior destroyed by an internal fire. When the tank's remnants were identified in 2008, it was shipped back to the United States to Fort Knox at the Patton museum to be restored by Len Dyer, director of the Patton Museum and the soon-to-be National Armor and Cavalry Museum. After two years of restoration work, the tank was put into the display at Fort Benning as a dedication to the Charlie Company of the 4th Armored Division's 37th Tank Battalion. It was moved in August 2017 to the future National Museum of the United States Army at Fort Belvoir, Virginia.<ref name="WPRuaneCobraKing">Ruane, Michael E. ''A Battered World War II Hero of Bastogne Gets a New Home, and a Museum Built around It.'' The Washington Post, WP Company, 3 Aug. 2017, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/08/03/a-battered-world-war-ii-hero-of-bastogne-gets-a-new-home-and-museum-built-around-it/?utm_term=.7d7604b9ecab Website]</ref>

When the war in the European Theater ended, the M4A3E2s were then placed stateside for the preparation for the invasion of the Japanese Home Islands. However, this was never to be fulfilled as Japan surrendered to the United States in September 1945. The M4A3E2 Shermans proved to be a very effective stop-gap solution until heavier armoured tanks such as the Pershing could come into play. In 1948, about 96 Sherman Jumbos still remained in US inventory.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Preparations for the invasion of Europe saw a heavily armoured assault tank designated M4A3E2 (76)W designed using the M4A3 base. In March 1944 the Armed Forces Committee approved a program refitting 254 tanks, some of which were equipped with 76 mm cannons. Their armour was strengthened by stacking 38 mm armour plates welded together on the front and sides of the hull. As a result, the frontal armour reached a thickness of 102 mm to go along with the 76 mm on the sides.

The transmission was protected with a 140 mm cast cover, while the rest of the hull was not modified. The new T23 cast turret had walls 152 mm thick and was special in that it did not have a hatch from which to fire a personal weapon. The 178 mm mantlet was mounted with a 76 mm M1A1C cannon, while ammunition was stored in wet stowage.

The thicker armour pushed the tank's weight to 38 tons, simultaneously lowering its top speed to 35 km/h.

The exact number of M4A3E2 tanks refitted with 76 mm M1A1C cannons was never ascertained.

The tanks were very popular as column leads, given the fact that German antitank guns could not penetrate their frontal armour.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo_cobra_king Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
Image:CobraKing LeftHull Bastogne.jpg|<small>Left hull side of the "Cobra King", where the crew made a note of their achievement.</small>
Image:Cobra King Bastogne.jpg|<small>Historical photo of the "Cobra King" at the Battle of the Bulge (National Archive).</small>
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|l31USzTa5EQ|'''How to destroy the Jumbo''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|ouIrQ7umnsM|'''Cobra King - First Tank Into Bastogne 1944''' - ''Mark Felton Productions''}}

== See also ==


;Other M4A3E2 vehicles in the game

* [[M4A3E2]] / [[M4A3E2 (France)]]
* [[M4A3E2 (76) W]]

== External links ==


'''News article about the tank'''

* [http://www.stripes.com/news/vilseck-tank-confirmed-as-cobra-king-1.86612 <nowiki>[Stars and Stripes]</nowiki> Vilseck Tank confirmed as 'Cobra King']
* [http://www.americainwwii.com/articles/cobra-king-today/ <nowiki>[American WWII]</nowiki> Cobra King: where is she today?]
* [http://www.army.mil/article/17393/ <nowiki>[US Army]</nowiki> 'Cobra King' led 4th Armored Division column that relieved Bastogne during Battle of the Bulge]
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/08/03/a-battered-world-war-ii-hero-of-bastogne-gets-a-new-home-and-museum-built-around-it/ <nowiki>[Washington Post]</nowiki> A battered World War II hero of Bastogne gets a new home, and a museum built around it]

=== References ===
<references />

{{TankManufacturer Ordnance Department}}
{{USA heavy tanks}}
{{USA premium ground vehicles}}

User talk:U44629479

2023-07-13T13:08:28Z

U12423867: Ho-Ro

Jagdpanzer 38(t)

2023-07-13T12:44:41Z

U12423867: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_jgdpz_38t
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''' ([[Abbreviations#.28DE.29_Sd.Kfz._Index|German armoury designation:]] Sd.Kfz. 138/2) (also known by the misnomer '''"Hetzer"''' ''([[#Media|Endurance Hunter]]) in this case'') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was one of the first vehicles introduced in the opening of "Ground Forces" in [[Update 1.41]] after the Closed Beta Test.

The Jagdpanzer 38(t) is a low-profile tank destroyer capable of concealing itself and annihilating adversaries as they come, equipped with a powerful main gun, yet with impressive front armour capable of withstanding a moderate amount of enemy fire.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

Don't bother trying to crack through the front armour of the Jagdpanzer 38(t) unless in possession of a very good gun and ammo. Specifications list the front armour as 60 mm thick, but sloped at a 60 degree angle causes it to become 120 mm in effectiveness, quite thick for the battle rating it is in. Try to flank it to the sides or the rear and even in a heavily sloped format, there will be a likely chance the 75 mm shells will penetrate due to how thin the side and rear armour are (20 mm and 10 mm respectively). If unable to reach the side of the Jagdpanzer 38(t), an artillery or aerial strike could harass the Jagdpanzer 38(t) out of its comfort zone and even potentially disable it.

If there are no other choice but to go against it up front, there are some weak spots in the front area. Starting from the smallest, there are some sweet spots around the gun mount area where a lucky shell might penetrate, but these are very unlikely so only aim for these in the worst case scenario. The driver vision port is a tempting target on the front, not only is it a weak spot, but behind that are the driver, gunner, and commander! If one shot gets through here cleanly, there is a very high chance of making a shot cause a crew knock-out. The last weak point, and also the largest, is the lower glacis area on the vehicle. The lower glacis only has an effective armour thickness of 80 mm compared to the front glacis sloping armour of 120 mm, making it easier to penetrate for even weaker guns.

'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Lower side hull)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 60 mm (40-60°), 60 mm (60°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 60 mm (40°) ''Transmission housing'' <br> 70 mm ''Gun mantlet''|| 20 mm (40°) ''Top'' <br> 20 mm (15°) ''Bottom'' || 8 mm (68°) ''Top'' <br> 20 mm (14°) ''Bottom'' || 8 mm (90°)
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Front armour slope not even, lower part is weaker than top.
* Belly armour is 12.7 mm thick.
* A small patch on the turret front right side is thinner (50.8 mm) than the rest (76.2 mm).
* Bolt edges on the transmission housing are 101.6 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=227|rbMinHp=142}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

As with any vehicle, research ''Parts'' and ''FPE'' modifications first to prevent any early knock-outs from fire or disabled systems. After these two, try to upgrade the vehicle's mobility and firepower, and aim towards the ''PzGr 40'' shell, this will give a real edge in combat. Don't use the ''Hl.Gr 38B'' HEAT round as it doesn't give enough penetration, but it can help against hull-breakable vehicles.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|PaK39 L48 (75 mm)}}

The main gun is a decent 75 mm gun with a stock APCBC shell penetrating 140 mm of armour at most. This penetration allows the vehicle to pierce through almost all tanks around its BR, and upon penetration the 28.9 g of explosives will do a great job finishing off the crew thus destroying the tank. The fast reloading time allows it to deal with multiple enemies effectively. However, sometimes it will face well-armoured opponents like the Jumbos and the Churchill VIIs, in which case the player will struggle to penetrate them with the stock round. This is when the researchable APCR becomes useful. Remember to shoot at the flat armour plates, not the angled parts.

The horizontal and vertical guidance are average. The player might want to aim higher due to the fact that the cannon is quite short-barreled which makes the shell drop more. Also note that because of its gun placement (at one side), when firing to the left side the recoil will actually push the tank to the right, so the player will have to adjust the hull position after a few shots. In addition, because it is a pretty small vehicle, the gun feels less stable and more wobbly when the player stops and aims.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PaK39 L48 (75 mm)|75 mm PaK39 L48]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 41 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+10° || rowspan="2" | -5°/+11° || rowspan="2" | N/A ||7.04||9.75||11.84||13.09||13.93|| rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" |6.78|| rowspan="2" |6.25|| rowspan="2" | 5.90
|-
! ''Realistic''
|4.76|| 5.60 ||6.80||7.52|| 8.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:PaK39 L48 (75 mm)/Ammunition|PzGr 39, Hl.Gr 38B, PzGr 40, K.Gr.Rot Nb., Sprgr. 34}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''41''' || 28 ''(+13)'' || 14 ''(+27)'' || 1 ''(+40)'' || Yes
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Racks disappear after you've fired all shells in the rack.
* The visual discrepancy concerns the number of shells per rack as well as the total number of sells (38 shells modeled for 41 available).
** Rack 1 is modeled as 12 shells but it will disappear after you've fired 14 shells from it.
** Rack 2 is modeled as 13 shells but it will disappear after you've fired 14 shells from it.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG34 (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG34]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 2,100 (150) || 900 || ±10° || -90°/+120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Jagdpanzer 38(t) tank destroyer is armed with a [[PaK39 L48 (75 mm)|75 mm PaK39 L48]] cannon, making it quite capable of taking out enemy armour at its battle rating. Use its speed -- up to 42 km/h (26 mph) -- to take up sniping positions making full use of the frontal armour and height to achieve while the enemy deploy. Keep the distance while engaging, as this allows the Jagdpanzer 38(t) to get more mileage out of its thin but heavily sloped armour on the small size. Watch out for aircraft and artillery. To avoid being constantly targeted with artillery and bombardment, try to reposition after each enemy destroyed or a certain amount of time so as to disorientate the enemy. Be careful though in arcade battles you will be revealed so this will be much more challenging than in realistic battles.

The Jagdpanzer 38(t)'s front armour is thick, but be wary of its weak armour (which is pretty much everywhere else). The top and bottom of the Jagdpanzer 38(t) are exceptionally thin, making it very vulnerable to aircraft, artillery fire, and explosive rounds on the bottom. The side and rear armour are also very thin, so any exposure of those towards the enemy is sure to end with the Jagdpanzer 38(t) as a flaming hulk. While the front armour is thick, weaknesses on upper frontal glacis is the driver's vision port, some small spots around the gun mount, and the lower glacis. The driver's vision port and gun mount spots are tiny and so only a lucky round would be able to reliably hit these areas, but make sure to try and conceal as much of the lower glacis plate as possible as it is easier to penetrate.

'''Long Range Map Strategy:'''

The Jagdpanzer 38(t) prefers longer range maps. As it is turretless design, longer range maps allow for maximum use of the frontal armour and reduces the disadvantages of being turretless with weak side armour.

'''Short Range Map Strategy:'''

Short range maps are harder to play the Jagdpanzer 38(t) on. The speed is not as much of an asset and being turretless will not allow you to react to the enemy as quickly, which is a fatal flaw on a short range map. This makes finding sufficient concealment even more important and you'll have to think quickly before the enemy can position themselves.

'''City Map Strategy:'''

It is strongly advised against using the Jagdpanzer 38(t) in city maps. Without a turret, it will be difficult for the {{PAGENAME}} to react to any threats on the exposed side or rear armour. It is suggested to make use of any open areas or roads on the map and place the {{PAGENAME}} in a good place to ambush enemies that may attempt to drive down the roads.

'''Against the Jagdpanzer 38(t):'''

'''Light tank/SPAA''': although most light tanks or SPAA cannot really do much to a Jagdpanzer 38(t) from the front, they are usually equipped with fast-firing cannons/machine guns which is very useful to disable the Hetzer's tracks and/or cannon barrel. Destroy its track one after another so the Hetzer is immobile, then simply flank around it and take out its crew by shooting at its paper-thin side armour. If there are more enemies that you cannot flank, drop an artillery strike on it, there is a good chance that the shrapnel will destroy its track(s), engine or even the entire tank if you are close enough. Or, constantly scout it so it shows on the minimap, and ping the map to inform heavier teammates about the immobilised Hetzer.

'''Medium tank''': The Jagdpanzer 38(t)'s upper frontal armour is usually immune to most shells around its BR due to the good slopes. The lower plate is thinner, but the transmission directly behind it tend to absorb almost any penetrating shells. Although this will immobilise the Hetzer, most of the times the player may find impossible to flank due to other enemies. Try and target the very bottom edge of the lower front plate, one penetrating shell through there will shoot right below the transmission and explode in the middle of the crew compartment. Vehicles with good penetration against sloped armour and destructive explosive filler (e.g. [[T-34-85]]) will find this task easier. Be careful to not get shot though, as the Jagdpanzer 38(t)'s firepower is more than enough to knock out most medium tanks with a single shot.

'''Heavy tank/tank destroyer''': heavy tanks and tank destroyers, being able to easily destroy a Hetzer from any angle & distance, can do a great favour for their team by wiping out a well-armoured target that most of the team cannot kill frontally. The Jagdpanzer 38(t)'s frontal armour becomes virtually useless against a heavy tank or a glass-cannon tank destroyer. Tanks like the [[IS-2 (Family)|IS-2]], [[Sav m/43 (1946)]] or [[ARL-44]] will simply ignore the sloped armour thanks to the sheer penetration of their shells. Now only target the upper plate to ensure successful kills, as the lower plate will absorb the shot with the transmission. Of course, shoot at its thin side armour whenever it is possible.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Even for its rank, the Hetzer is small and can use corners and cover that other tanks can't
* At its rank, its main gun is very capable of dealing with any threat
* Sloped armour on all sides, however, the sides and rear are thin
* Equal armour all over the front with extreme sloping, so it has essentially no frontal weak spots
* Hard to hit at range due to its size, and difficult to penetrate due to its armour angles
* At long range, the sloped armour can even make high calibre shells ricochet

'''Cons:'''

* As with all tank destroyers, side and rear armour is thin, and any shots can often be fatal
* Not great in close-quarters, this vehicle is more suited for long-range engagements
* With the gun being placed to the right of the vehicle, it has a limited traverse range to the left
* The roof armour is fairly thin, which makes the Hetzer vulnerable to artillery barrages and aircraft
* Lower front glacis plate is thin in comparison to the entire front, cover this if possible
* As with turretless vehicles, the Hetzer is more vulnerable to being flanked
* Floor armour is very thin and can be penetrated by 105 mm shrapnel.
* While the gun can penetrate most targets at its rank, it suffers at long range against some more heavily armoured targets
* Driver, Gunner, and Loader are in-line with each other, making it easy to knock out the vehicle with a penetrating shot from the driver's visor
* Poor mobility for a vehicle on the 38(t) platform

== History ==

===Development===
When Germany's situation in World War II turned to a defensive war, the need for tank destroyers increased and anything that could increased Germany's armoured fighting vehicle production was needed as the Allied AFV production tables dwarf Germany's AFV production. A new tank destroyer was in demand as the current [[Marder III H|Marder]] series was under-protected, and the choice to utilize the [[Pz.38(t) F|Panzer 38(t)]] was done to not only build a more well-protected tank destroyer, but to keep in production the obsolete Panzer 38(t) chassis for the basis of stronger armoured fighting vehicles in the form of a tank destroyer.

The development of what will be called the '''Jagdpanzer 38(t)''' started in 1944, made to be a more cost-effective tank destroyer compared to the newer [[Jagdpanther]] and [[Jagdtiger]] tank destroyers. The tank used the battle-tested Panzer 38(t) chassis (though with a modified suspension and better engine), giving it a reliable record compared to the heavier tanks of Germany. The tank destroyer featured a 60 mm thick front armour angled at 60 degrees, giving it a protection of about 120 mm thick, but the side armour of 20 mm at 40 degree was very vulnerable to any anti-tank fire, even from Soviet anti-tank rifles. It carried a crew of four and a powerful 75 mm PaK39 L/48 cannon. The Hetzer had enough punch to destroy most armoured vehicles it may have encountered during the war. It was also mounted with a 7.92x57 mm MG34 remotely operated machine gun on the roof that was operated by the loader. Factories from Czech and Germany produced the Hetzer from April 1944 to May 1945. Approximately 2,287 were produced from 1944-45.

Despite its common nickname as the '''Hetzer''', no official documents actually referred to the Jagdpanzer 38(t) as so, but it was a nickname given to an experimental tank destroyer ''E-10''. The ''E-10'' looked similar to the Jagdpanzer 38(t), and a mix-up in the paperwork probably christened the Jagdpanzer 38(t) as the Hetzer that stuck, continuing to this day.

===Combat usage===
The Jagdpanzer 38(t) was efficient as a tank destroyer, well-protected due to the sloped armour, easily concealable with a low profile, and armed with a potent cannon. The Jagdpanzer 38(t) was the more common late-war tank destroyer Germany had in 1944, and proved itself as a reliable machine due using a proven tank design of the Panzer 38(t). The small profile of the Jagdpanzer 38(t) made it very easy to conceal, and this provided much of its lethality in ambushes. The drawbacks of the Jagdpanzer 38(t) was on the vehicle's fighting compartment, as it was extremely cramped. The gun had a small amount of traverse to the left side, due to the cannon's placement to the right. The side armour was very thin and vulnerable to any anti-tank weapon. Due to the cramped compartment, the commander sat separated from the rest of the crew, and also making escape from the vehicle difficult, as there were only 3 hatches.

The Jagdpanzer 38(t) proved itself a versatile tank destroyer platform in German service during World War II, as the Jagdpanzer 38(t) also was made into many variants of itself. In November 1944, Hitler ordered about 100 of these Jagdpanzer 38(t) to mount a flamethrower and named the ''Flammpanzer 38''. An armour recovery vehicle variant of which 170 was made was called the ''Bergepanzer 38''. There were many more mounting different weaponry, such as the 75 mm KwK40 of the [[Pz.IV G|Panzer IV]], 75 mm KwK42 of the [[Panther D|Panthers]], one with the 105 mm howitzer, 150 mm sIG 33 infantry gun, twin 2 cm Flak, 75 mm K51 L/24 gun and such.

After the war, the Jagdpanzer 38(t) continued to be produced in Czechoslovakia and saw service in Czechoslovakia and Switzerland. The post-war Jagdpanzer 38(t) in Czechoslovakia service was called the ''ST-I'' and the Swiss version was the ''G13'', which equipped the 75 mm StuK 40 cannon from the [[StuG III G|StuG III]]. Due to the massive amount produced and the post-war production of the Jagdpanzer 38(t), many survivors could be found in the world. Though, most survivors may be the post-war designs in from Czechoslovakia or Switzerland mocked up to look like World War II era Jagdpanzer 38(t)s by removing the cannon's muzzle brake.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
This SPG was developed by the Czechoslovakian company BMM on the chassis of the Pz.Kpfw.38(t) light tank between November, 1943 and January, 1944 as a less expensive and more easily mass-produced replacement for the StuG III assault gun. However, it was eventually reclassified as an antitank vehicle intended first and foremost for assignment to antitank infantry and cavalry divisions.

Serial production of the Jagdpanzer 38 began in April, 1944. The tank destroyers were actively used by German troops during the final stages of the war, primarily on the Soviet-German front. 75 Hetzers were also sent to Hungary between December, 1944 and January, 1945.

After the war, production of the Hetzer was resumed in Czechoslovakia, where the tank destroyer was produced to meet the needs of the Czechoslovakian army under the designation ST-I/ST-III, as well as to fill orders by Switzerland under the designation G-13. Although the Hetzers were removed from the Czechoslovakian arsenal a few years after they were produced, in Switzerland they remained part of the arsenal until 1972.

A total of 2,827 Jagdpanzer 38 SPGs were produced, as well as 318 tank destroyers.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_jgdpz_38t Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|MPdcryL47sk|'''The Shooting Range #205''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:58 discusses the Jagdpanzer 38(t).|7d-Kop_sGt8|'''The Shooting Range #162''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:35 discusses the Jagdpanzer 38(t).|SJGkovFT2VM|'''Hetzer's gonna hetz - but what exactly is hetz?''' - ''{{Annotation|DasPanzermuseum|German Tank Museum}}''}}
{{Youtube-gallery|kBc5J4AkIGc|'''Tank Chats #143 - Hetzer''' - ''The Tank Museum''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles mounted on the same chassis

* [[LT-38 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/2858/current/|[Vehicle Profile] Jagdpanzer 38(t) 'Hetzer']]
* [[Wikipedia:Hetzer|[Wikipedia] Hetzer]]

{{Germany tank destroyers}}

Cobra King

2023-07-13T11:24:08Z

U12423867: Punctuation, Grammar, Wording.

{{About
| about = premium American heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = other versions
| link-1 = M4 Sherman (Family)
| usage-2 = other uses
| link-2 = M4 (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=us_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo_cobra_king
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} American heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was one of the first American tanks to be released with the American ground tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. A premium version of the [[M4A3E2|M4A3E2 Jumbo]]. As a side note, the nickname "Jumbo" was likely never used during WWII, as there is no record of it. However, its use both on the Wiki and in-game is still prevalent.

The "Cobra King" is in many aspects the same vehicle as the regular M4A3E2. There are however a few notable cosmetic differences:

* a shade of green on the vehicle's stock livery different from the standard US olive-drab green, with a more pronounced green colour than the subdued mix with brown,
* the large white marking "First in Bastogne" present on the hull's left side, boasting about the tank's actual achievement in the US Third Army in World War II, and a bit lower on the hull sides will a decal with the name "Cobra King",
* and finally, the presence on the rear of the vehicle of kit, canvas, gear, tracks, and fuel tanks, which are absent on the regular M4A3E2.

The Jumbo's armour is nothing to underestimate. It can bounce most shells at point blank range when angled more than 30 degrees. And the turret is well armoured from all sides, too. This tank is used as a breakthrough tank to attack fortified enemy positions due to its thick armour. As such it allows players to get close to most enemy tanks and attack them from the sides, or force them to retreat. On the downside, the gun is wimpy without M61 shot and even then it still bounces more often than not. Best to take a bit more ammo than normal to compensate for all the shots that will bounce.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The "Cobra King" still features the double layered front armour, giving the vehicle its distinctive 101.6 mm total front armour. The transmission housing is also considerably beefier too from the addition of armour in the area as well. The front of the T23-style turret is also distinctive, with the very blocky gun mantlet and circular barrel shroud around the rather underwhelming 75 mm gun barrel.

The sides and suspension look like the usual game with the M4 Sherman series, but with minor differences. The flat side armour of the hull, instead of 38.1 mm thick, is now 76.2 mm thick for much stronger side protection. However, the lower side hull around the bogie suspension area is still only 38.1 mm thick, vulnerable to most regular anti-tank weapons. Another minor difference is the tracks, the T48 rubber chevron tracks are equipped with extended end connectors in an effort to improve ground pressure performance for the additional weight of the armour.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Front, Side, Rear, Roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Transmission area)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 63.5 + 38.1 mm (47°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 114.3-139.7 mm (7-66°) ''Transmission housing'' || 76.2 mm ''Top'' <br> 38.1 mm ''Bottom'' || 38.1 mm (10°) ''Top'' <br> 38.1 mm (7-24°) ''Bottom'' || 19.5 mm
|-
| Turret || 152.4 mm (0-52°) ''Turret front'' <br> 177.8 mm (4-60°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 152.4 mm (4-42°) || 152.4 mm (0-79°) || 63.5 mm ''Front'' <br> 25.4 mm
|-
| Cupola || 51 mm || 51 mm || 51 mm || 25.4 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm, bogies 10 mm, and tracks are 17 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 25.4 mm thick.
* Hull underside right above the tracks is 9.5 mm thick.
* Gun breech is 300 mm thick in structural steel.

The M4A3E2 Jumbo presents very little frontal weak spots in an engagement. It is best to try to force the Jumbo to towards the player or allies. An angle more than 30 degrees can expose the much weaker lower side hull armour in the suspension that is only 38.1 mm thick. With a powerful enough gun, a round can penetrate this area and damage the crew, or even set off the ammunition all cluttered up on the bottom of the tank.

If a frontal engagement is unavoidable and is unfortunately armed with guns unable to penetrate the front glacis, there are only two areas that are viable. First is the machine gun port, which is one of the areas that is not layered with the extra 38.1 mm added on top of the base armour. Guns like the Panzer IV 75 mm KwK40 guns that are unable to cleave through the front glacis can push their luck in this area, with small "sweet spots" the round can pass through. Another way to attack the M4A3E2 in this scenario is exploiting a shot-trap in the gun mantlet. The small corner flaps on the bottom corners of the gun mantlet have a tendency to deflect rounds downwards onto the 19.5 mm hull roof armour. While this will be left to the ricochet chances, it is still possible and can be used if no other scenarios are favourable.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=646|rbMinHp=442}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M3 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm M3]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 104 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Vertical|up to 24 km/h}} || 19.42 || 26.88 || 32.64 || 36.10 || 38.40 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.56 || 24.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M3 (75 mm)/Ammunition|M72 shot, M48 shell, M61 shot, T45 shot, M89}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_M4A3E2.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the M4A3E2 (identical).]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''104''' || 100 ''(+4)'' || 50 ''(+54)'' || 0 ''(+104)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* As they are modelled by sets of 2, shells disappear from the rack only after you fire both shells in the set.
* Turret empty: 100 ''(+4)'' shells.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 600 (200) || 577 || -10°/+30° || ±60°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Cobra King is best in assaulting enemy positions with allies. Its great mobility for a heavy tank, especially with its armour, makes it a vehicle able to charge into battle with confidence. It can act as a bullet magnet against enemy tanks more worried about the Cobra King, diverting fire that would have been directed more vulnerable teammates. Though the 75 mm gun's AP performance is not suited to the types of enemies expected at the BR, it can still harass enemies and the gun is lethal enough that enemies will be forced to show their front armour towards the Jumbo else a 75 mm penetrates their side armour. Their focus on the Jumbo can allow allies to move around and eliminate them. During all this, take care not to over-angle and show the lower side armour too much as this allows vehicles to penetrate down there and damage modules, even the ammunition storage if they are lucky.

Another role the Cobra King is good at is as a flanker. Due to its great mobility as a heavy tank, the Cobra King can manoeuvre like a medium tank around the battlefield. This is also beneficial to the 75 mm gun as it would permit the Cobra King a chance to attack the weaker side armours of enemy vehicles. Once flanking around and finding a prime position in a firing angle right into an enemy choke point, minimize exposure to anything but the front armour and the Cobra King can remain a formidable obstacle to all opponents. Take care not to be outflanked by enemy players aware of the Cobra King's position.

As the Cobra King has a slightly higher battle rating than the other M4 Shermans, it can be up-tiered against tanks such as the [[Tiger H1]] and the [[Panther D]], meaning its M61 round will be almost harmless. For this reason, it is advisable to take the T45 APCR ammo into battle, at least enough to take on the armoured targets the Cobra King will face.

The Soviet 85 mm gun can be a threat, so caution is advised when going up against tanks armed with the 85 mm, such as the [[T-34-85]], [[SU-85]], and [[IS-1]]. The [[Jagdpanzer 38(t)]] and [[Jagdpanzer IV]] can be tricky when facing off against them. Their frontal armour is too thick and sloped for the 75 mm M3 gun to have any effect on it. For these two targets, it is advised to target their tracks and transmission and then flank for a side shot, where the armour is much weaker. Finally, the Sturer Emil wields a 128 mm that can penetrate the front plate of the Cobra King, so caution is advised against those as well.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent frontal armour
* Very strong turret armour from all sides, excellent at hull down position
* Nimble for a heavy tank, able to accelerate quickly
* APCR shot has high penetration power
* High rate of fire for the 75 mm M3 gun
* Excellent gun depression
* Equipped with gun stabilizer, making it more accurate at moving and when preparing a shot after moving

'''Cons:'''

* 75 mm M3 gun lacks penetration against most tanks frontally
* APCR shot has poor post-penetration damage
* The frontal armour still presents several weak spots enemies can easily exploit
* Side and rear armour are pretty weak and limit angling tactics
* Low top speed
* Reverse speed is poor

== History ==


===Development===
Even before the invasion of Normandy, the Allied commanders had to figure out a method in order to breach heavily-defended fortification lines such as the Siegfried Line blocking the path from France to Germany. One of the solutions was the implementation of "assault tanks" that would enter enemy territory and root out the enemy fortifications. The initial plan was for the production of the [[M26|M26 Pershing]] tanks to fulfil this role, but setbacks in its development caused the M26 deployment to be delayed until 1945. A quick solution had to be made to fill this "assault tank" role for the invasion of Europe in 1944.

The US Ordnance Department then took their abundant [[M4|M4 Shermans]] in stock and fixed them up for the new role they've been assigned. Although keeping the same engine, the armour was upped from around 76.2 mm initial thickness to 102 mm and angled at 47 degrees from vertical. This angle would influence later Sherman designs such as the M4A3 by changing the original 56 degrees angled glacis with protruding crew hatches to 47 degrees angled glacis without any protrusion from the crew hatches. This modified M4 Sherman's armour when angled would then be 150 mm line-of-sight (LOS) thick and 180 mm effective. The side armour was also increased to 76.2 mm thick and the turret was redesigned to provide more protection. These modified Shermans were designated as the [[M4A3E2]] by the Ordnance Department, whereas the nickname "Jumbo" was likely a post-war invention. At the end of the modifications, the Sherman "Jumbo" now weighed about 42 tons and moved at a lower speed of 22 miles per hour. A drawback to the increased weight of the Sherman is that the Vertical Volute Suspension System (VVSS) from the Sherman was unable to take the weight easily, so extra care was taken by the crew members to not break the suspension.

In March of 1944, the US Army ordered 254 of these vehicles to be delivered for use in European Operations. Intended to assault the Normandy Beachhead, it was deployed in Normandy after D-Day to assist the infantry push through German defences. The M4A3E2 originally came with the 75 mm cannon to support infantry with its better HE shells compared to the planned 76 mm instalment, but the 76 mm was installed later in the campaign and called the [[M4A3E2 (76) W]] Jumbo.

===Combat usage===
The M4A3E2s was well-liked by the crew and commanders due to its protection value. Despite the weight difference and strain on the suspension, it performed reliably and could absorb damage that would otherwise destroy regular Shermans. Later in the war, when the quantity of the M4 Sherman "Jumbos" were unable to meet the demand, George S. Patton ordered the existing M4 Shermans to weld on armour plates scavenged from knocked out tanks to makeshift "on-the-field" Jumbos. This caused the newer Shermans such as the [[M4A3 (76) W|M4A3 (76) W HVSS]] to have the same protection by welding metal onto the hull. One of the Jumbo's notable participation in the war was in Patton's Third Army where it spearheaded the assault of Bastogne to relieve the pinned down 101st Paratroopers. The '''M4A3E2 "Cobra King"''' was the tank Lt Charles P. Boggess commanded to lead elements of Patton's Third Army into Bastogne on December 25, 1944. The 101st was finally relieved and reconnected with the Third Army on December 27. "Cobra King", however, was knocked out sometime during the fighting (maybe during the Hammelburg Raid) and had its interior destroyed by an internal fire. When the tank's remnants were identified in 2008, it was shipped back to the United States to Fort Knox at the Patton museum to be restored by Len Dyer, director of the Patton Museum and the soon-to-be National Armor and Cavalry Museum. After two years of restoration work, the tank was put into the display at Fort Benning as a dedication to the Charlie Company of the 4th Armored Division's 37th Tank Battalion. It was moved in August 2017 to the future National Museum of the United States Army at Fort Belvoir, Virginia.<ref name="WPRuaneCobraKing">Ruane, Michael E. ''A Battered World War II Hero of Bastogne Gets a New Home, and a Museum Built around It.'' The Washington Post, WP Company, 3 Aug. 2017, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/08/03/a-battered-world-war-ii-hero-of-bastogne-gets-a-new-home-and-museum-built-around-it/?utm_term=.7d7604b9ecab Website]</ref>

When the war in the European Theater ended, the M4A3E2s were then placed stateside for the preparation for the invasion of the Japanese Home Islands. However, this was never to be fulfilled as Japan surrendered to the United States in September 1945. The M4A3E2 Shermans proved to be a very effective stop-gap solution until heavier armoured tanks such as the Pershing could come into play. In 1948, about 96 Sherman Jumbos still remained in US inventory.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Preparations for the invasion of Europe saw a heavily armoured assault tank designated M4A3E2 (76)W designed using the M4A3 base. In March 1944 the Armed Forces Committee approved a program refitting 254 tanks, some of which were equipped with 76 mm cannons. Their armour was strengthened by stacking 38 mm armour plates welded together on the front and sides of the hull. As a result, the frontal armour reached a thickness of 102 mm to go along with the 76 mm on the sides.

The transmission was protected with a 140 mm cast cover, while the rest of the hull was not modified. The new T23 cast turret had walls 152 mm thick and was special in that it did not have a hatch from which to fire a personal weapon. The 178 mm mantlet was mounted with a 76 mm M1A1C cannon, while ammunition was stored in wet stowage.

The thicker armour pushed the tank's weight to 38 tons, simultaneously lowering its top speed to 35 km/h.

The exact number of M4A3E2 tanks refitted with 76 mm M1A1C cannons was never ascertained.

The tanks were very popular as column leads, given the fact that German antitank guns could not penetrate their frontal armour.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo_cobra_king Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
Image:CobraKing LeftHull Bastogne.jpg|<small>Left hull side of the "Cobra King", where the crew made a note of their achievement.</small>
Image:Cobra King Bastogne.jpg|<small>Historical photo of the "Cobra King" at the Battle of the Bulge (National Archive).</small>
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|l31USzTa5EQ|'''How to destroy the Jumbo''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|ouIrQ7umnsM|'''Cobra King - First Tank Into Bastogne 1944''' - ''Mark Felton Productions''}}

== See also ==


;Other M4A3E2 vehicles in the game

* [[M4A3E2]] / [[M4A3E2 (France)]]
* [[M4A3E2 (76) W]]

== External links ==


'''News article about the tank'''

* [http://www.stripes.com/news/vilseck-tank-confirmed-as-cobra-king-1.86612 <nowiki>[Stars and Stripes]</nowiki> Vilseck Tank confirmed as 'Cobra King']
* [http://www.americainwwii.com/articles/cobra-king-today/ <nowiki>[American WWII]</nowiki> Cobra King: where is she today?]
* [http://www.army.mil/article/17393/ <nowiki>[US Army]</nowiki> 'Cobra King' led 4th Armored Division column that relieved Bastogne during Battle of the Bulge]
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/08/03/a-battered-world-war-ii-hero-of-bastogne-gets-a-new-home-and-museum-built-around-it/ <nowiki>[Washington Post]</nowiki> A battered World War II hero of Bastogne gets a new home, and a museum built around it]

=== References ===
<references />

{{TankManufacturer Ordnance Department}}
{{USA heavy tanks}}
{{USA premium ground vehicles}}

T-28E

2023-07-13T09:00:56Z

U12423867: /* Pros and cons */ it "multilayer", not "multiplayer", right?

{{About
| about = Soviet medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = T-28 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_t_28E
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced with [[Update 1.47 "Big Guns"]]. It is similar to the original [[T-28]] in all respect except the additional armour welded onto the front, side, and rear of the tank. The additional armour improves protection against enemy fire but slows down the vehicle due to increased weight.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

As with all other Soviet vehicles, the letter "E" behind the tank name means "ekranami" (which means "with screens" or "applique armour" in English). In this case, the T-28 received several 30 mm and 20 mm armour plates to enhance its protection. Whole main turret and machine gun turrets are reinforced by 30 mm plates, and Driver's viewport (a big weak spot) by 20 mm and 30 mm plates. Then there are several 20 mm and 30 mm armour plates installed on the sides and rear of the vehicle.

The extra armour on this tank is noticeable, especially when you angle your tank a bit, random poorly aimed shots will often be absorbed by extra layers of armour, or machine gun turrets, or will simply ricochet off. However, this is only true when you are playing as a "top vehicle" against weaker opponents. This tank has a slightly higher BR, and when the matchmaker puts you in a uptier, your armour will unfortunately not protect you anymore. Heavy tanks like the [[KV-1 (L-11)]] are completely immune to all your types of ammo, even from the rear.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (glacis, flanks and roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (gun mantlet only)

[[File:Applique armor T-28E.png|right|thumbnail|Appliqué armour on the T28E - The red shields on the upper flanks, the turret flanks and the rear plate as well as the yellow shields on the lower flanks, the lower front plate and the driver's hatch are the main armour changes between the T-28 and the T-28E.|420px]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 30 + 20 mm (20-22°) ''Driver's port'' <br> 15 mm (65°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 30 + 20 mm (23-25°) ''Lower glacis'' || 20 + 30 mm ''Top'' <br> 20 + 10 mm ''Bottom'' || 15 mm (68°) ''Top'' <br> 20 + 30 mm (6-37°) ''Bottom'' || 15 mm
|-
| Main Turret || 20 mm ''Turret front'' <br> 20 mm (0-49°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 20 + 30 mm (0-23°) || 30 + 30 mm || 15 mm
|-
| Secondary Turrets || 22 + 30 mm || 20 + 15 mm || 20 + 15 mm || 10 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 10 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Applique armour ranging from 20 to 30 mm in thickness cover the tank, but do not cover the entire surface area.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=775|rbMinHp=442}}

The additional armour adds about 4 tons to the weight, making it slightly slower than the original T-28. However, it is still fast and mobile.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

It is recommended to prioritize the following modules:

* Parts - mandatory first modification, as you'll need to repair modules from the damages of enemy fire.
* BR-350A shell - mandatory second modification, as the stock shrapnel shell's performance is rather poor.
* FPE - to have the ability to put out fires.
* After those, prioritize upgrades that improve firepower and then anything else.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|L-10 (76 mm)}}

The 76 mm L-10 gun offers a reasonable penetration power at its battle rating. Its low muzzle velocity allows for a curved firing trajectory, ideal for firing at targets behind cover. However, it makes it hard to anticipate the path of moving targets. Because of the shortness of the gun, accuracy drop is noticeable from 700 m distance and a handicap over 1000 m. The rotation speed of the gun is decent compared to other tanks at the same rank or battle rating. The elevation angle is average. The depression angle is not big enough for you to fire from cover but it is better than no depression as it is a rare feature on Soviet vehicles. Your recoil is barely noticeable due to your short gun and the overall weight of the tank. The targeting procedure is quick together with a short reload time.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L-10 (76 mm)|76 mm L-10]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 69 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 14.3 || 19.8 || 24.0 || 26.5 || 28.2 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.9 || 10.5 || 12.8 || 14.1 || 15.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The three available shells for the T-28 are very efficient for causing crew depletion. Each shell is suited for a specific type of opponent:

* Use the BR-350A (with MD-5 fuze) when facing enemy armoured targets (medium/heavy tanks). Its penetration power will force you to play at close or middle range (between 500 m and 1 km max) from your target. However, the post-penetration damage is very potent and will almost guarantee one-shot knockouts.
* The Sh-354T is most suited for lightly armoured targets (light tanks, armoured cars, planes) thanks to the increased spallation.
* The OF-350M is best to use against open-top vehicles (SPG with only a gun shield, platform trucks, SPAAs, etc.) because of the blast effect.

{{:L-10 (76 mm)/Ammunition|Sh-354T, BR-350A (MD-5 fuze), OF-350M}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_T-28_(1938).png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the T-28 (1938) (identical)]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! 5th<br>rack empty
! 6th<br>rack empty
! 7th<br>rack empty
! 8th<br>rack empty
|-
| '''69''' || 62 ''(+7)'' || 56 ''(+13)'' || 50 ''(+19)'' || 47 ''(+22)'' || 44 ''(+25)'' || 41 ''(+28)'' || 39 ''(+30)'' || 36 ''(+33)''
|-
! 9th<br>rack empty
! 10th<br>rack empty
! 11th<br>rack empty
! 12th<br>rack empty
! 13th<br>rack empty
! 14th<br>rack empty
! 15th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
!
|-
| 33 ''(+36)'' || 30 ''(+39)'' || 20 ''(+49)'' || 17 ''(+52)'' || 14 ''(+55)'' || 4 ''(+65)'' || 1 ''(+68)'' || No
!
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* If you pack 50 ''(+19)'' shells, it will keep the turret empty of ammo.
* If you pack 33 ''(+36)'' shells, it will keep the turret and the top hull empty of ammo.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|DT (7.62 mm)}}
[[File:MG firing arc T-28E.png|right|thumbnail|250px|Firing arc of MG turrets on the T-28E.]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm DT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,646 (63) || 600 || ±15° || ±15°
|-
| Left turret || 2,646 (63) || 600 || -5°/+28° || -155°/+5°
|-
| Right turret || 2,646 (63) || 600 || -5°/+28° || -33°/+145°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The powerful, yet accurate gun, paired with large profile make the T-28 look ideal for long-range encounters, yet its low penetration, slow shell muzzle velocity and the absence of gun depression to cover yourself behind terrain quite discourage this kind of gameplay style. But the crew/equipment spacing, its high versatility and powerful main gun make this tank quite capable in close range encounters. Hit and run tactics work pretty well (if the "run" aspect of it is ever needed).

If you ever find yourself against well-protected medium or heavy tanks, it is often better to stay and try to fight, as the large profile of your tank makes you easy to be hit while retreating. Always aim for weak points like the driver's hatch or gunner's port. If you find yourself unable to ensure an accurate shot against such a small target, attempt to cripple the tank's offensive armament first to take some pressure off.

;Offensive role

The {{PAGENAME}}, like the [[T-28]], should be played as a support tank, taking advantage of its APHEBC shell, good mobility, high crew count and complex frontal glacis shape.
By playing as a support/second line tank, you will help kill enemy tanks and thus turn the tide of engagements on the frontline.
Once the enemy is destroyed, your good mobility allows you to move forward together with frontline tanks and help capturing objectives.
Stay close to the frontline to maximize penetration power and support spearheading tanks with it, all while staying away from the frontline to avoid being flanked or swarmed.
When engaging enemy tanks, angle your tank to cover your driver's hatch and your turret flanks. Use your MG turrets and your lower glacis to absorb incoming fire. Inexperienced players will most likely waste shots on your complex frontal armour shape.
With the BR-350A shell, the {{PAGENAME}} easily can take on most opponents.

;Defensive role

In the event the spearhead tanks of your team get crushed by the enemy, you will then play a defensive role by containing enemy breakthrough attempts.
It will fall upon you to stop enemy tanks dead in their tracks. Being at a distance from the frontline will force enemy tanks to drive in the open to get to you. Always play with a nearby obstacle you can use as cover if you get hit and need to repair. Have a planned escape plan as the enemy will try to use artillery or CAS to dislodge you from cover and your big silhouette will increase your chance of being hit by artillery strikes.
A good player in a {{PAGENAME}} can lock a side of the battlefield, especially in corridor maps.

;Other roles

If you try to use the {{PAGENAME}} in a different role on the battlefield, you will quickly reach its limits:

* If you try to play the {{PAGENAME}} as a frontline tank, you will take shots from long range tank destroyers that will disable your tank: your armour has a complex shape but is not very thick, even with the applique armour. You will also be easily flanked by light tanks or armoured cars, especially if they swarm you. Your reverse speed is too poor to get you out of hot spots quickly enough. Only 1-on-1 engagements should be performed in this role.
* If you attempt to play long range engagements, your short gun will lack accuracy and penetration will greatly drop over distance, while your big silhouette will make you a target of choice for enemy counterfire. The absence of gun depression will prevent you from firing behind the cover of a ridge while the slow muzzle velocity will make it difficult to aim at moving targets in the distance.

;Notable enemies:

* Long range tank destroyers: ZiS-30, Marder III, LVT(A)(4)(ZiS-2), SU-76M.
* Frontline tanks: T-50, Pz.III J, Sd.Kfz. 234/2.
* Tanks with HEAT shells: Pz. IV E/F1, StuG III A, SU-122, Italian 75 mm tank destroyers.

;Defeating a {{PAGENAME}}

The {{PAGENAME}} received additional armour shields in comparison to the T-28 but weak spots remain:

* In a frontal encounter, the driver's hatch (between the MG turrets) or below the gun mantlet are the easiest to target.
* When flanking, aim for the flanks right under the center of the main turret or the rear side of the turret ring (small area).

In case of a frontal attack, try blinding the {{PAGENAME}} with smoke and then swarm it with several fast tanks to saturate its defensive capacities. If you are alone, flanking a {{PAGENAME}} undetected remains your best chance to destroy it.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fast and versatile for such a big medium tank
* The cannon does a lot of damage and is quite accurate
* BR 350A shell will instantly destroy most tanks around this tank's battle rating, even the [[M3 Lee]] frontally
* Crew of 6 - "extra" machine gunners can replace other knocked-out crew members and keep the tank performance at its full potential
* Machine gun turrets and complicated multilayer side armour often simply "absorb" projectiles
* Armour is good when playing as a "top tank"
* It has the Shrapnel as standard ammunition, which is very effective against light tanks and SPAAs
* Total of 3 machine guns can make short work of any open AA vehicles

'''Cons:'''

* Large silhouette
* Slow reloading
* Unreliable armour - a lot of small weak spots and strong areas very close to each other
* Though not necessarily slower, it takes a slightly longer time to accelerate than the original T-28
* Poor gun depression
* Very low penetration on standard ammo, making the initial grind quite painful, AP ammo penetration isn't very good either

== History ==

===Development===
Prerequisites set up in 1929 called for infantry support and breakthrough tank that are able to exploit breakthroughs and handle infantry fortifications. The development of this tank under Chief engineer S.Ginsburg may have been inspired by the British Vickers A1E1 Independent tank as the final design took some elements of it. The end result was a multi-turreted medium tank with a 76.2 mm L-10 main gun and two 7.62 mm machine gun turrets in front. The design was satisfactory that Stalin himself ordered a heavier variant of the tank that can suit the breakthrough role, which would be the [[T-35]]. The first multi-turreted was designated the '''[[T-28]]''' and was considered revolutionary for the time as it was the first medium tank of its kind and would establish the concept of such tanks. The first prototype of the T-28 was created sometime in 1931, its design was considered revolutionary for the time as it was one of the first medium tanks in the world. Production of this tank began in the Kirov Factory in Leningrad sometime in 1932, and it was accepted into service on August 11, 1933. Though in service for eight years from 1933 to 1941, only 503 units were produced.

===Design===
The T-28 was relatively slow for its weight, but as an infantry tank, this disadvantage was mitigated by its role and its heavier armour. The front two turrets with machine guns are installed in front of the main turret, which was considerably higher. The main turret was a shared feature from the T-35 in order to standardize parts in production. The tank was initially to be armed with a 45 mm gun like the [[BT-7|BT]] and [[T-26|T-26]] light tanks, but the larger 76.2 mm howitzer was chosen instead for added explosive power. The turret had a turret basket and a rear-facing machine gun. A later upgrade had a commander's cupola added onto the turret plus the capability to mount another machine gun on top for anti-aircraft purposes. The tank had a crew of six (driver, two machine gunners, loader, gunner, commander) and ran on a V12 M17 air-cooled engine that can deliver 500 horsepower. Though providing enough power to propel the T-28 at a speed of about 37 km/h (22 mph), the gasoline fuel it used was flammable and rare in Soviet usage. The armour on the tank was 30 mm maximum on the front and side glacis, which was sufficient enough to stop most anti-tank armament at the time. The suspension on the tank was a bogie system with plunger springs and usually has a 20 mm thick side skirt protecting the sides. Transmission and engine compartment is at the very rear under a canopy for easy access. At its introduction in 1933, the T-28 was one of the most effective tanks in the world and had a few innovations. Other countries only had WWI-era Renaults and the Germans had no tanks of their own at its development. The T-28 was also the first to have radios and anti-aircraft gun mounts.

===Combat usage===
The standard organization of the T-28 tanks in 1939 was 136 T-28s and 47 [[BT-7]] in one heavy armoured brigade. The T-28s were first deployed on the eastern borders during the border clashes with Japan in 1939. The first large scale action was in September 1939 when the Soviet Union invades Poland with its front line fleet of T-28s. Though the Polish tanks and anti-tank guns were able to take out a few T-28s, it is not known how many were lost. The next conflict the T-28 served in was the Winter War against Finland. These tanks were used against Finnish fortifications, but the conflict also showed the inadequate armour on the T-28, where Finnish anti-tank guns were able to reliably penetrate the tanks. Though over 200 T-28s were knocked out in the conflict, only 20 were totally lost due to the system of armour recovery and repairs the Soviet had and the conflict's close proximity to the Kirov Factory, some tanks were repaired more than five times and sent back to the front. The Finnish were able to capture seven of these (two in the Winter War, 5 in Continuation War)and used them against their users. The Finnish came about to nicknaming them ''Postivaunu'' ("mail coach") after an incident where a T-28 commander was captured carrying the salary and mail for the 91st Tank Battalion and ''Kivitalo'' ("stone building") for its large size. The heavy weight of the tank caused the Finnish to be unable to tow some of the knocked out T-28s for capture, so those unable to be recovered were stripped of their equipment.

After Finland, the T-28's inadequate armour was showcased to the Soviets and an attempt at up-armouring the design was made in 1940 with the welding of additional armour plating to increase the 30 mm armour to 80 mm of armour in thickness. This increase in armour made the tank now weigh 32 tons. This up armouring of the tank was designated the '''T-28E'''.

During the German invasion in Operation Barbarossa in mid-1941, the Soviets had about 411 T-28s in their inventory. Many were lost not due to battle, but actually from mechanical breakdowns due to lack of spare parts and low maintenance, causing them to be abandoned by the crew. The Germans were able to capture at least two of these tanks and may have used these against the Soviets as the ''T-28 746(r)''. The T-28s that were not lost during the first few months of Operation Barbarossa took part in winter defence of Leningrad and Moscow. Though still in inventory, by 1942 they were rare in Soviet service and declared obsolete as better tanks like the [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]] was taking over its role and is more heavily gunned, more armoured, and faster. The tanks still in one piece were dismantled for spare parts or sent to training facilities.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
A version of the T-28 multi-turret medium tank with additional armour plating on the turret and body. Its enhanced armour was based on the experience of the Soviet-Finnish War and also had the goal of adapting outmoded tanks to meet modern conditions.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_t_28E Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration or role

* [[Nb.Fz.]]
* [[Independent]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/748|[Devblog] B-57B-2 and T-28E]]
* [[wikipedia:T-28#Variants|Wikipedia - T-28 variants]]

{{TankManufacturer Kirov}}
{{USSR medium tanks}}

T-28

2023-07-12T12:44:29Z

U12423867: /* Description */

{{About
| about = Soviet medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = T-28 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_t_28
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before Update 1.41. An unorthodox medium tank with three turrets, it is quite mobile and armed with a 76 mm gun to defend itself against its contemporaries. It may look big, but the T-28 is surprisingly agile and the roomy inside will turn many small calibre APHE shells into hot air.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

[[File:T-28 Screenshot 2.jpg|thumb|T-28 driving over Ice on "[[Finland]]"]]

Despite being a medium tank the T-28 is somewhat lightly armoured for its BR, alongside than the crew is closely packed and surrounded by ammo racks that will be prone to detonation if hit, this leads to it having somewhat weak survivability, however angling the vehicle will increase the effectiveness of the armour and aid in your survivability.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 30 mm (22°) ''Driver's port'' <br> 15 mm (65°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 30 mm (23-25°) ''Lower glacis'' || 20 mm ''Top'' <br> 20 + 10 mm ''Bottom'' || 15 mm (68°) ''Top'' <br> 20 mm (6-37°) ''Bottom'' || 15 mm
|-
| Main Turret || 20 mm ''Turret front'' <br> 20 mm (0-49°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 20 mm (0-23°) || 30 mm || 15 mm
|-
| Secondary Turrets || 22 mm || 20 mm || 20 mm || 10 mm
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 10 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=775|rbMinHp=442}}

Despite its fair weight the T-28 has decent mobility, the vehicle can easily move around the map to capture points or to attack enemy positions, the vehicle weighs 25.4 tons with an engine producing 500 hp giving the T-28 19.6 hp per ton.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

# '''Parts''' - Mandatory first upgrade, then whatever else.
# '''BR-350A Ammo!''' - Without it, the T-28 won't be able to defeat the armour of half the tanks it'll meet
# '''Adjustment of Fire''' AND '''Fire Extinguisher''' - to improve accuracy, or have the ability to put out fires
# '''Anything else''', but upgrades that improve mobility are advised

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
[[File:T-28 Screenshot 1.jpg|thumb|A T-28 fires its main cannon]]
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|L-10 (76 mm)}}

The Main armament of the T-28 is the [[L-10 (76 mm)|76mm L-10]] cannon, this is a rifled gun that can fire 3 types of ammunition: High explosive (HE)(OF-350M), Armour-Piercing High Explosive Ballistic Capped (APHEBC)(BR-350A) & a Shrapnel round (Sh-354T), The most common anti tank would be the APHEBC, however the Shrapnel and HE can be used against lightly or unarmoured vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L-10 (76 mm)|76 mm L-10]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 69 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 14.28 || 19.76 || 24.00 || 26.54 || 28.24 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.92 || 10.50 || 12.75 || 14.10 || 15.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:L-10 (76 mm)/Ammunition|Sh-354T, BR-350A (MD-5 fuze), OF-350M}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_T-28_(1938).png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the T-28 (1938) (identical)]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! 5th<br>rack empty
! 6th<br>rack empty
! 7th<br>rack empty
! 8th<br>rack empty
|-
| '''69''' || 62 ''(+7)'' || 56 ''(+13)'' || 50 ''(+19)'' || 47 ''(+22)'' || 44 ''(+25)'' || 41 ''(+28)'' || 39 ''(+30)'' || 36 ''(+33)''
|-
! 9th<br>rack empty
! 10th<br>rack empty
! 11th<br>rack empty
! 12th<br>rack empty
! 13th<br>rack empty
! 14th<br>rack empty
! 15th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
!
|-
| 33 ''(+36)'' || 30 ''(+39)'' || 20 ''(+49)'' || 17 ''(+52)'' || 14 ''(+55)'' || 4 ''(+65)'' || 1 ''(+68)'' || No
!
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* If you pack 50 ''(+19)'' shells, it will keep the turret empty of ammo.
* If you pack 33 ''(+36)'' shells, it will keep the turret and the top hull empty of ammo.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|DT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm DT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,646 (63) || 600 || ±15° || ±15°
|-
| Left turret || 2,646 (63) || 600 || -5°/+28° || -155°/+5°
|-
| Right turret || 2,646 (63) || 600 || -5°/+28° || -33°/+145°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The powerful, yet accurate gun, paired with thin armour and a large profile makes the T-28 look ideal for long-range encounters, yet its low penetration, slow shell velocity and no real gun depression to exploit terrain discourages this kind of gameplay. However, due to the crew/equipment spacing that helps soak damage and keep it fighting, its highly versatile and powerful main gun make this tank quite capable in close range encounters. Hit & run tactics work pretty well (if the "run" aspect of it is ever needed).

If against a larger or more powerful tank, the T-28 will often be forced to stay and fight, as the large profile of the tank makes it easy to hit while retreating. Use the gun's accuracy to an advantage. Aim for weak points like the driver's hatch or gunner's port. If unable to shoot against such a small target, attempt to cripple the tank's offensive armament to take some pressure off.

Avoid T-34s, especially the later modifications. Their APHE ammo is devastatingly explosive, especially against such a large easy-to-hit tank with no real armour like the T-28. One shot almost anywhere into the tank and that's the end. At the same time, the T-34's own armour is basically invulnerable to the T-28 shells, except when on their sides, where the 76 mm can penetrate the turret, and possibly the side hull armour (Only with AP ammo). Keep in mind that T-34s can turn both their hull and turret very fast, so if the first shot misses, there won't be another chance.

Light tanks that can flank around the side or back of the T-28 can prove catastrophic as well.

=== Pros and cons ===

[[File:T-28 Screenshot 4.jpg|thumb|T-28 driving on "[[Finland]]"]]

'''Pros:'''

* The cannon is accurate and is able to do large amounts of damage on penetration
* Crew of six
* Fast and versatile for such a big medium tank
* Machine gun turrets and complicated multi-layer side armour often absorb projectiles
* It has Shrapnel as standard ammunition, which is effective against light tanks and AA vehicles
* Total of 3 machine guns can make short work of any unarmoured AA vehicles

'''Cons:'''

* Large silhouette
* Generally thin armour
* Slow reload time
* Poor gun depression
* Bad penetration with all types of ammo
* Stock ammo types can't penetrate heavy tanks

== History ==

===Development===
Prerequisites set up in 1929 called for infantry support and breakthrough tank that are able to exploit breakthroughs and handle infantry fortifications. The development of this tank under Chief engineer S.Ginsburg may have been inspired by the British Vickers A1E1 Independent tank as the final design took some elements of it. The end result was a multi-turreted medium tank with a 76.2 mm L-10 main gun and two 7.62 mm machine gun turrets in front. The design was satisfactory that Stalin himself ordered a heavier variant of the tank that can suit the breakthrough role, which would be the [[T-35]]. The first multi-turreted was designated the '''T-28''' and was considered revolutionary for the time as it was the first medium tank of its kind and would establish the concept of such tanks. The first prototype of the T-28 was created sometime in 1931, its design was considered revolutionary for the time as it was one of the first medium tanks in the world. Production of this tank began in the Kirov Factory in Leningrad sometime in 1932, and it was accepted into service on August 11, 1933. Though in service for eight years from 1933 to 1941, only 503 units were produced.

===Design===
The T-28 was relatively slow for its weight at 28 tons, but as an infantry tank, this disadvantage was mitigated by its role and its heavier armour. The front two turrets with machine guns are installed in front of the main turret, which was considerably higher. The main turret was a shared feature from the T-35 in order to standardize parts in production. The tank was initially to be armed with a 45 mm gun like the [[BT-7|BT]] and [[T-26]] light tanks, but the larger 76.2 mm howitzer was chosen instead for added explosive power. The turret had a turret basket and a rear-facing machine gun. A later upgrade had a commander's cupola added onto the turret plus the capability to mount another machine gun on top for anti-aircraft purposes. The tank had a crew of six (driver, two machine gunners, loader, gunner, commander) and ran on a V12 M17 air-cooled engine that can deliver 500 horsepower. Though providing enough power to propel the T-28 at a speed of about 37 km/h (22 mph), the gasoline fuel it used was flammable and rare in Soviet usage. The armour on the tank was 30 mm maximum on the front and side glacis, which was sufficient enough to stop most anti-tank armament at the time. The suspension on the tank was a bogie system with plunger springs and usually has a 20 mm thick side skirt protecting the sides. Transmission and engine compartment is at the very rear under a canopy for easy access. At its introduction in 1933, the T-28 was one of the most effective tanks in the world and had a few innovations. Other countries only had WWI-era Renaults and the Germans had no tanks of their own at its development. The T-28 was also the first to have radios and anti-aircraft gun mounts.

===Combat usage===
The standard organization of the T-28 tanks in 1939 was 136 T-28s and 47 [[BT-7]] in one heavy armoured brigade. The T-28s were first deployed on the eastern borders during the border clashes with Japan in 1939. The first large scale action was in September 1939 when the Soviet Union invades Poland with its front line fleet of T-28s. Though the Polish tanks and anti-tank guns were able to take out a few T-28s, it is not known how many were lost. The next conflict the T-28 served in was the Winter War against Finland. These tanks were used against Finnish fortifications, but the conflict also showed the inadequate armour on the T-28, where Finnish anti-tank guns were able to reliably penetrate the tanks. Though over 200 T-28s were knocked out in the conflict, only 20 were totally lost due to the system of armour recovery and repairs the Soviet had and the conflict's close proximity to the Kirov Factory, some tanks were repaired more than five times and sent back to the front. The Finnish were able to capture seven of these (two in the Winter War, 5 in Continuation War)and used them against their users. The Finnish came about to nicknaming them ''Postivaunu'' ("mail coach") after an incident where a T-28 commander was captured carrying the salary and mail for the 91st Tank Battalion and ''Kivitalo'' ("stone building") for its large size. The heavy weight of the tank caused the Finnish to be unable to tow some of the knocked out T-28s for capture, so those unable to be recovered were stripped of their equipment.

After Finland, the T-28's inadequate armour was showcased to the Soviets and an attempt at up-armouring the design was made in 1940 with the welding of additional armour plating to increase the 30 mm armour to 80 mm of armour in thickness. This increase in armour made the tank now weigh 32 tons. This up armouring of the tank was designated the '''[[T-28E]]'''.

During the German invasion in Operation Barbarossa in mid-1941, the Soviets had about 411 T-28s in their inventory. Many were lost not due to battle, but actually from mechanical breakdowns due to lack of spare parts and low maintenance, causing them to be abandoned by the crew. The Germans were able to capture at least two of these tanks and may have used these against the Soviets as the ''T-28 746(r)''. The T-28s that were not lost during the first few months of Operation Barbarossa took part in winter defence of Leningrad and Moscow. Though still in inventory, by 1942 they were rare in Soviet service and declared obsolete as better tanks like the [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]] was taking over its role and is more heavily gunned, more armoured, and faster. The tanks still in one piece were dismantled for spare parts or sent to training facilities.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The T-28 was put into service in the Red Army in August 1933 and produced by the Leningrad Kirovsk factory right up until 1940. Over 550 of them were built in total.

A main feature of the tank was its three armed rotating turrets. The main turret in the middle of the tank was equipped with a 76.2 mm KT-28 cannon and two DT machine guns. The turret could turn 360° and was equipped with electric drive. Two smaller turrets armed with machine guns were located in front of the main turret. Each of these turrets could fire across a 220° arc. Starting from 1938, the tank began to be equipped with a 76 mm L-10 cannon.

Combat experience with the tank in the war with Finland led to its armour being strengthened by laying additional armour plates on its base armour and to manufacturing the vehicle with conical turrets, providing better protection against the enemy's weapons. Some late production vehicles were equipped with a DT anti-aircraft machine gun.

In spite of its relatively large mass at 27.8 tonnes, the tank had good mobility due to its reduced ground pressure. Its small-diameter road wheels were covered by add-on armour plates.

With all its primary combat characteristics put together, the T-28 was the strongest medium tank in the world in the 1930s. At the beginning of its production, it had practically no equal among mass-produced tanks. At the same time, the tank was a very complex vehicle with an outdated armament layout. It had serious flaws in its engine and transmission system. The undercarriage wore out rapidly: the springs snapped, parts of the suspension failed, and the hub drive cogs broke.

Vehicles of this type were used in combat operations at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. The tanks were used in separate battle units on the Leningrad front until 1943.

A Finnish tank brigade captured and operated 7 of these tanks right up until 1945.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_t_28 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|W6WWooehhFw|'''The Shooting Range #145''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 05:00 recounts the exploits of a lone T-28 in Minsk.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:T-28|[Wikipedia] T-28]]

{{TankManufacturer Kirov}}
{{USSR medium tanks}}

Talk:Lancia 3Ro (100/17)

2023-07-12T08:34:58Z

U12423867: Issues with the article

In my eyes, this article has three problems that can't be immediately be solved. Sorted by severity from low to high:

The name of the gun. But its article has its own discussion page and should be under "Recent changes"

The history part. Some parts taken from a source were obvious propaganda, the other issue is that it contains thematically:

The history of the truck, built in the thousands and used over dozens of years

The history of the multiple howitzer types, models and submodels, also built in the thousands, serving for 50 years in what are now a dozen armies. Which should also be treated in the article concerning the gun, imho

The history of the gun truck built in the double digits, which history ends after like two years and doesn't have the legendary aura of—dunno, the JT.

95% of the data which isn't fed into the templates directly from the game is based on one mediocre article, in some cases word for word. This article is in turn is based on Wikipedia, it seems, and the best articles that have actual usable (for the article info) are bad, most are worse.

If we as the volunteers (including grunts, moderators and senior moderators) think (or Gaijin thinks, I'm still not sure whose decision such things are) "Hey, that's a problem!", maybe something should be done. Since it's a rather insignificant AFV, the source front should look as bleak as the real one for the real, but depending on who thinks whose concern that is, either a group of volunteers should gather some source material, or Gaijin should provide some, I guess. The data on which the tank is modelled in game didn't come to the devs in a dream, I guess.

Edit: I have no idea how to format with this editor. This has to suffice.
--[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 08:34, 12 July 2023 (UTC)

Lancia 3Ro (100/17)

2023-07-12T07:48:45Z

U12423867: Major changes. Everything that has been changed is either trivial or sourced (as good as it can be, see discussion). So unless it is a minor or extremely obvious change, PLEASE DO NOT REVERT WITHOUT DEBATE. Thank you, let's develop this wiki together.

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_lancia3ro_100
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Lancia_3Ro_(100-17).jpg|ArtImage_Lancia 3Ro (100-17).png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Danger Zone"]].

This gun truck is a heavy 4×2 Lancia mounting the Obice da 100/17 model 1916 or Obice da 100/17 model 1914 howitzers. The Lancia 3Ro was picked simply because of its availability in military workshops in the Italian colony of Libya when Italian generals noted the urgent need for a quick armed vehicle to fight in the open terrain of the Desert. These workshops started converting a small batch of these vehicles to help satisfy this demand.

The models of the guns it carried (100/17) and the name of the truck (Lancia 3Ro) is what the Italian army based this SPGs name off. Several similar makeshift gun-mounted Lancia 3Ro's were built, but the models with 100/17 howitzers were among the most capable. Though the Lancia 3Ro was initially planned to be a repair and recon vehicle, equipment with these howitzers led to surprising performances in the anti-tank role<ref>Autocannone da 100/17 su lancia 3ro, Arturo Giusti, tanks encyclopedia,https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/autocannone-da-100-17-su-lancia-3ro/, June 15th 2022</ref>

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

This truck has basically no armour, this is its greatest weak point. The crew can be knocked out even by rifle-calibre machine guns because it is exposed. The truck is quite big, so it's an easy target for planes as well.

'''Armour type:'''

* Structural steel (cabin, chassis, gun mount)
* Wood (truck bed, ammo boxes)
* Wheel (tires)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 3 x 1 mm ''Cabin'' <br> 3 mm ''Truck bed'' || 1 mm ''Cabin'' <br> 15 mm ''Truck bed'' || 15 mm ''Truck bed''
!
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Wheels are 10 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The truck itself is quite light, and its mobility allows it to reach good spots in battle. The turning circle of the truck is big so it's not easy and fast to turn around in confined spaces.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=132|rbMinHp=82}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Cannone da 100/17 Mod.1914 (100 mm)}}

The 100 mm Cannone da 100/17 Mod.1914 has a long reload time, traverse is slow. Because of the driver's cab, the gun depression is limited in that direction. Depending on the ammunition used, penetration and/or post-penetration damage is excellent for the vehicle's BR. The projectiles have a steep trajectory, as steep as the learning curve — especially in RB.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Cannone da 100/17 Mod.1914 (100 mm)|100 mm Cannone da 100/17 Mod.1914]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 72 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+48° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 12.3 || 17.1 || 20.7 || 22.9 || 24.4 || rowspan="2" | 13.00 || rowspan="2" | 11.50 || rowspan="2" | 10.60 || rowspan="2" | 10.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.3 || 9.8 || 11.9 || 13.2 || 14.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Cannone da 100/17 Mod.1914 (100 mm)/Ammunition|Granata da 100 Mod.32, Granata da 100 Mod.914, Effetto Pronto da 100, Effetto Pronto mod.43}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks Lancia 3Ro (100-17).jpg|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''72''' || 56 ''(+16)'' || 20 ''(+52)'' || 1 ''(+71)'' || No
|-
|}
{{Clear}}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|Breda Mod. 38 (8 mm)}}

There is an 8 mm Breda Mod. 38 machine gun on the front of the vehicle. Since it can give away your position, it is best to use it as a weapon of last resort. Otherwise, it can be used against low-flying aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Breda Mod. 38 (8 mm)|8 mm Breda Mod. 38]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,680 (24) || 600 || -10°/+25° || ±20°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The best way to play the Lancia 3Ro (100/17) is to use it as a flanker and for surprise attacks. Due to the vehicle being wheeled, it is able to reach spots at the start of the match that many vehicles on the enemy team will not expect fire from. Good situational awareness and great map knowledge is needed to take full advantage of its mobility. Finding a good spot where it's not at risk of being cut down by MG fire will unlock the full potential of this vehicle.

The Lancia 3Ro is overall very weakly protected, so it's best to keep distance from enemy vehicles. Any machine gun fire, artillery strike, or air attack could put it out of combat. Note that the main armament of the vehicle does not have any depression when facing forward, so most likely the vehicle shows its side or back to the enemy. This is why it's best to find a good spot early in the match where advantage can be taken of the better qualities this vehicle has to offer.

The secondary armament is an 8 mm Breda Mod. 38 machine gun at the front of the vehicle. This weapon is only useful against aircraft or other trucks, but the only line of defence when the main gun is loading. The player should memorize exit points in case his position is revealed, he is forced to retreat and relocate, especially considering the poor turning circle.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has access to HESH and HEAT rounds
* Fast speed on roads
* Can hide the driver's cab, improving chances of surviving an unfavourable encounter
* Large number of crew members

'''Cons:'''

* No armour
* Exposed ammo rack at the front
* Can be knocked out by rifle-calibre machine gun fire
* Not very good mobility off-road
* Big turning circle
* Slow gun traverse
* No gun depression when facing forward
* Slow muzzle velocity
* Angle limitation of Breda Mod. 38, pointing forward only

== History ==

The story of the Lancia 3Ro began during the mid-1930s, when Vincenzo Lancia started producing Ro trucks using Junkers diesel 2-cylinder 3.2L engines. In October 1937, the new 3Ro was introduced with a civilian variant (Serie 464) and a military variant (Serie 564). Deliveries began in 1938. It was very reliable and due to its performance on sandy terrain, it was given the nickname "Re del Deserto" (King of the Desert). Trucks captured by the British-led forces were kept in use. The Soviets also allegedly captured some for their own use, primarily because they were easy to maintain and also had great off-road mobility for a vehicle of its class.

The Raggruppamento Esplorante Corpo d'Armata di Manovra (in English: Mobile Army Corps Reconnaissance Battlegroup) or RECAM for short, began to plan out an easy and cheap method to give their side a stronger fighting chance by upgunning several Lancia 3Ro trucks with a Škoda 100/17 howitzer. The cannon originated from the First World War and was captured or given to Italy via reparations by Austria-Hungary. In Italian service, these guns would go under the name of Obice da 100/17. Although the gun was old, it still proved its worth, being able to fire a multitude of shells, including the Granata da 100 Mod.32, Granata da 100 Mod.914, Effetto Pronto da 100, and Effetto Pronto mod.43. Interestingly enough, the Effetto Pronto da 100 was one of the first ever HESH-type munitions to ever be made and used in combat.

The Škoda-built howitzers, both those that were captured or received as reparations from Austria-Hungary and refurbished during the 1920s and 1930s, as well as the improved, former Polish and Yugoslavian versions sold by Germany after Italy's entry into the war in 1940 (named Obice da 100/22 17 Mod. 14/19 in Italian service, and were mainly used by the CSIR of the Regio Esercito) would be used extensively around multiple Italian theatres.

The first Lancia 3Ro (100/17) finished conversion in autumn of 1941 and saw combat with the 14th Autonomous Battery later that year. The vehicle used the Lancia Tipo 102 water-cooled engine which produced 93 HP at 1860rpm, allowing the vehicle to achieve a road speed of 30 to 45 km/h depending on the surface. It also had excellent off-road performance with a top speed between 15 and 30 km/h due to having a climbing capacity of 26 degrees and a 4-speed gearbox with reduction with 8 forward and 2 reverse gears.

The vehicle was not armoured, and the crew exposed, which meant that as soon as an enemy had the vehicle in its sights, chances were that the Lancia 3Ro would not have lasted much longer. During the North African campaign, the vehicle saw use in many battles, such as the Battle of Marmatica. Sadly, however, the '''Autocannone da 100/17 su Lancia 3Ro''' was only produced in small numbers, by 1943, most units, if not all, would be wiped out.

Some Lancia 3Ro's exist today, but in the civilian variant, displayed in museums or owned by private collectors.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_lancia3ro_100 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|PVOZmKuOow8|'''First 10: Lancia 3Ro''' - ''Orangefan''}}

== See also ==


* [[90/53 M41M]]
* [[75/32 M41]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7715-development-100-17-su-lancia-3ro-the-fly-swatter-battery-en|[Devblog] 100/17 su Lancia 3Ro: The Fly Swatter Battery]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/autocannone-da-100-17-su-lancia-3ro/ <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Autocannone da 100/17 su Lancia 3Ro]

{{Italy tank destroyers}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]
<references />

Talk:Cannone da 100/17 Mod.1914 (100 mm)

2023-07-12T06:07:02Z

U12423867:

Please double-check the name of the gun. --[[User:U12423867|U12423867]] ([[User talk:U12423867|talk]]) 06:07, 12 July 2023 (UTC)

Talk:Cannone da 100/17 Mod.1914 (100 mm)

2023-07-12T06:06:27Z

U12423867: Created page with "Please double-check the name of the gun."

Please double-check the name of the gun.

Cannone da 100/17 Mod.1914 (100 mm)

2023-07-12T02:58:05Z

U12423867: /* Usage in battles */

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|it_lancia3ro_100}}

== General info ==

While it is a cannon from 1914, it may seem weird that it comes with HESH. In reality, it's a flawed HEAT charge that has a poor fuse that would bend and mould the soft metal without fusing and directly detonate the explosive matter the moment it impacts the target, acting as HESH without the chemical effect.

=== Available ammunition ===


{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|Granata da 100 Mod.32, Granata da 100 Mod.914, Effetto Pronto da 100, Effetto Pronto mod.43}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==


The Cannone da 100/17 Mod.1914 is a howitzer and thus is difficult to learn to master. It provides the benefit of being able to knock out most vehicles at its rank. Care should be taken not to aim at gun barrels because these will reduce the lethality of the impact of the shell, unless the target is open-topped, in which case such an impact will not likely matter. Aim your shells at locations in which the enemy crew or shells will take the most damage, resulting in an instant knock-out.

In the tank destroyer role, the Cannone da 100/17 Mod.1914 will usually have a slow rate of fire, so care should be taken to max out the reloading and leadership skills, as well as ace status to ensure the reload time is as short as possible. The arcing trajectory means that it is uniquely suited to go after tanks in the hull down position, and can even be used to provide indirect fire for your team, though this will require extensive practice.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful shells that will critically damage or outright knock out tanks
* Arcing trajectory can be used to put down fire on tanks in hull down positions
* Access to HEAT and HESH shells at rank I

'''Cons:'''

* Long reload time
* Howitzer behaves differently than a cannon; more difficult to learn drop
* Large size makes it easy to damage

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

User talk:U44629479

2023-07-11T00:51:42Z

U12423867: /* Ho-Ro */ new section

HSS 831L (30 mm)

2023-07-10T18:03:29Z

U12423867:

== Description ==

The '''30 mm HSS 831L''' is a British anti-aircraft autocannon, developed by Hispano-Suiza, which later became known as the ''KCB'' when Oerlikon acquired Hispano-Suiza's armament division.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|uk_falcon}}
* {{Specs-Link|germ_erprobungstrager_3_achs_turm}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

The Hispano-Suiza HSS 831 is a scaled-up version of the 20 mm [[Oerlikon KAD (20 mm)|Hispano-Suiza HS.820]]. A 30 mm cannon, the gun is a belt-fed recoil operated design. The HSS 831L is a variant developed for the [[Falcon]] SPAA with a range of 3 kilometres (9,842 feet) and a rate of fire of 1,000 rounds per minute. However, development was cancelled due to the insufficient ammunition storage. In 1970, the Hispano-Suiza arms division was bought out by Oerlikon, and the gun became the Oerlikon KCB and was mostly used as a naval gun.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [http://www.army-guide.com/eng/product3630.html [Army-Guide<nowiki>]</nowiki> KCB]

{{Germany tank cannons}}
{{Britain and USA anti-aircraft guns}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]
[[Category:Anti-aircraft guns]]

Oerlikon KAD (20 mm)

2023-07-10T17:54:44Z

U12423867:

== Description ==
[[File:Hs820 20mm Cannon belt fed and drum.png|thumb|Depicting the Hs820 20 x 139 mm cannon, with its different feed mechanisms.]]


The '''20 mm Oerlikon KAD''' is a 20 x 139 mm gas/blowback autocannon which was mainly used in anti-aircraft roles. The Oerlikon KAD went by two other names, the Hs.820 and M139.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|it_oto_r3_t20_fa}}

== General info ==


* Rate of fire: 996 rounds per minute
* Muzzle Velocity: 1,000 m/s (3,460fps)

=== Available ammunition ===

[[File:M139 Ammo cutaway, .png|thumb|Shows Ammunition used, XM206 is not available in-game]]

There are two shell types across three belts.

* Default- API-T/HEF-I (Armour-Piercing Incendiary- Tracer/High Explosive Fragmentation-Incendiary )
* M594- HEF-I/HEF-I/API-T (Anti-Air)
* M601- API-T/API-T/HEF-I (Ground Targets)

The M594 and M601 shells are American shells.

* M601- API-T round, up to 53 mm of penetration at point-blank range, good for attacking light vehicles and some tanks if only from the sides and back. Has a tungsten-carbide penetrator and a .75g XM71 incendiary pellet inside.
* M594- HEF-I Good for anti-aircraft use. Has M955 self-destroying fuse, tracer base and 120 grams of explosive filler.

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==

The cannon is effective in both an anti-air and in a ground attack role if used correctly. Its high muzzle velocity means targeting needs less lead. Its high rate of fire, however, is a double-edged sword: the gun should be fired in short bursts, or it will deplete quickly. The recoil is also significant.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High rate of fire and muzzle velocity
* High penetration with M601 rounds when used at close range

'''Cons:'''

* Cycles through ammunition quickly, trigger control is a must
* Significant recoil, can be hard to control
* Can really only penetrate targets from the side/back or in weak points
* Ineffective against heavier tanks

== History ==


The history of the Oerlikon KAD is rather convoluted, existing as the same weapon across three different names, the Oerlikon KAD, HS.820 and M139. Despite its high performance, it was out-competed by other guns, however, it still found use in aircraft, ground and naval roles. Originally made to replace the HS.404 cannon, and was based on the Swiss 20x139mm FMK round. It's original producers, Hispano-Suiza had its armaments division purchased by Oerlikon in 1970 and was renamed the Oerlikon KAD. The US produced a slightly modified version called the M139. Under the HS.820 name, it was fitted to a number of various weapon mounts for anti-aircraft purposes. Under the M139 title, it was fitted on the M114A2 and the MICV-65. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispano-Suiza_HS.820</ref>

The weapon's major selling points were actually ones concerning logistics. The internals of the gun was simplified making it cheaper to produce and easier to maintain. For its size and role, the KAD was relatively light, weighing 57 kg (125lb.). The casing for the ammunition had a special lubricating coating, eliminating the need to grease the gun. Improved metallurgy and design allowed for extended barrel life, with the average barrel being good for 15,000 rounds. It was also one of the first guns to come with "totally harmless" practice ammunition, used for training and special testing.

The original HS.820 came with a long list of specialized ammunition types, however, only the American munitions are available in-game. It was also able to be fitted with two types of anti-tank grenades, launched from the barrel of the gun. Neither of these are in-game. <ref>https://www.smallarmsreview.com/archive/pdfdmp.cfm?docid=4716.pdf</ref>

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* https://bulletpicker.com/pdf/TM%2043-0001-27,%20Small%20Caliber%20Ammunition.pdf#page=284

=== References ===

;Citations
<references />

{{Italy anti-aircraft guns}}

[[Category:Anti-aircraft guns]]

Re.2001 gruppo 22

2023-07-10T10:32:47Z

U12423867: Minor changes to "Description". Kept the history of the gruppo.

{{About
| about = Italian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Re.2001 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=re_2001_serie1_ep
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|store=9258
}}

== Description ==

The Re.2001 gruppo 22 is a Reggiane 2001 belonging to the 22nd Autonomous Land Fighter Group. Founded on 5 July 1918 with 181st and 182nd Squadrons equipped with Caproni Ca.40s, the 22nd Group took part in World War I. In the Second World War, it fought on the Eastern Front and in the naval air war in the Mediterranean, where it also received its first Re.2001. After the end of the Second World War, it was renamed Interceptor Group and assigned to the 51st Air Group.

The Re.2001 gruppo 22 is the premium version of the [[Re.2001 serie 1]] introduced with the [[Update "Starfighters"]]. The aircraft is very nimble, though it lacks exceptional speed. However, the combat flaps can enhance its manoeuvrability further, albeit at a significant cost in terms of speed. For sufficient power generation, WEP must be used, but not for too long, as insufficient cooling tends to overheat the engine and can damage it. The armament, consisting of two 12.7 mm and two 7.7 mm machine guns, can inflict great damage on the enemy if used skilfully.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

This Italian plane is best used as an energy fighter and can be a very good start to learn how to use Italian planes. The plane climbs and dives very well, it can reach a high speed quickly, but like every Italian plane in this rank, controls will be stiff above 500 km/h (310 mph) IAS. The best performance is between 400 to 500 km/h (248 to 310 mph) IAS, but in a swallow level flight the max speed is 450 km/h IAS. To be in the above-mentioned speed range, climb up to 3,000 m, and then dive onto the enemy. If the enemy is more than 2 km below, cut your throttle to 0% and only increase once at the same altitude as the enemy and started to losing speed. Diving or climbing straight at a 90-degree angle will cause the engine to shut down due to fuel cut-off. With its excellent structure, it is able to reach a top speed of 760 km/h in a dive and surprisingly it does not suffer from the reduction in manoeuvrability due to the high speed. It is not recommended keeping the WEP for a long time as the aircraft is not very cooled and could overheat in a short time.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed<br>(km/h at 5,450 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 525 || 508 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.9 || 19.4 || 12.6 || 12.6 || rowspan="2" | 155
|-
! Upgraded
| 567 || 545 || 17.2 || 18.0 || 20.2 || 15.9
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 455 || 420 || 250 || ~13 || ~9
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 350 || < 350 || < 420 || > 312
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 8 mm steel - Pilot's seat
* 8 mm steel - Behind pilot
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (below pilot)

The Re.2001 gruppo 22 is a very solid fighter and resistant to fires. Its fuselage can withstand rifle-calibre MG fire. Unfortunately, this aircraft is not equipped with bulletproof glass, which makes it very disadvantageous in frontal attack.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)|Breda-SAFAT (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, wing-mounted (600 rpg = 1,200 total)

For belts, it is recommended to use standard bullets for the 7.7 mm MGs and tracer bullets for the 12.7 mm MGs.

== Usage in battles ==

The Re.2001 gruppo 22 is a fairly easy aircraft to operate. It is an airplane more focused on energy fighting, but with the right conditions it is able to give an excellent turnfighting airplane, being able to keep up with more manoeuvrable aircraft such as [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfires]]. Being a very balanced aircraft, it adapts to the playstyle of almost every player, it is recommended to take altitude and stay in the medium-low altitude range.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable<br>1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very good acceleration
* Short take off distance
* Very good structural resistance
* Good climb rate
* Lots of ammunition
* Very good as energy fighter but also good at low altitude
* Good retention of combat speed and energy
* Flaps have a high rip speed

'''Cons:'''

* Very bad engine cooling, it overheats after a short while
* Total absence of bulletproof glass, disadvantage in frontal attack
* When it reaches a certain speed begins to stagger to the left and right, many difficulties in aiming

== History ==


=== Development ===

The Re.2001 fighter biplane was developed by Roberto Longhi, an Italian aeronautic engineer, who designed various planes such as the [[Re.2000 (Family)|Re.2000]], [[Re.2001 (Family)|Re.2001]], [[Re.2002 Early|Re.2002]], Re.2003, Re.2004 and many others. During the production of the Re.2000, Roberto Longhi started to design a new plane with a powerful engine and after it will become the Re.2001.

The first flight of the Re.2001 took place between 22 and 24 June 1940 specifically the first prototype MM.409, later many variants were built and after the armistice of Italy, were used on both sides by both the RSI and Italy Co-belligerent Air Force. The Re.2001 participated the War on Malta, the Mediterranean theatre and the air defense of RSI.

the Re.2001 Serie I has an Alfa Romeo R.A.1000 RC.41 that gives very good performances in flight with a good acceleration and a good speed of the airplane of 543 km/h at 5,470 m of altitude but had problems of reliability the engine because it could overheat too much and damage the engine, the airplane as armament has two [[Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)|12,7 mm Breda-SAFAT]] and two [[Breda-SAFAT (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Breda SAFAT]].

the '''Re.2001''' was used by Italy and Germany.

=== 22°Gruppo ===
[[File:Re.2001 22°Gruppo 2.png|thumb|Re.2001 22°Gruppo during air surveillance]]
From its full name "22°Gruppo Autonomo caccia terrestre", 22nd autonomous group, the 22° Gruppo was born in July 1918 and fought during WW2 on the Eastern front from 29 July 1941 until March 1942, then returned on 4 May 1942 where at the end of June the Group received the first Re.2001 (at the beginning Re.2001 CB and some Re.2001 Serie I). After receiving these aircraft, the 22° Gruppo participated in the aeronaval war in the Mediterranean. After this, the 22°Gruppo fought during the Air Defence of Italy and at the end of the Second World War was renamed Gruppo Intercettori and integrated to the 51° Stormo.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=re_2001_serie1_ep Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150">
Re.2001 22°Gruppo.png|
</gallery>

== See also ==


;
;Other Reggiane planes:
;* [[Re.2000 (Family)]]
;* [[Re.2005 serie 0]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/436313-re-2001-serie1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Reggiane}}
{{Italy fighters}}
{{Italy premium aircraft}}

SA50 L/57 (75 mm)

2023-07-08T17:04:29Z

U12423867: Extensive revision. Yet to do: Double-check both the Wiki naming conventions for tank guns and correct them if and where needed, and the ballistic properties of the SA50.

[[File:Weapon SA50 L-57 (75 mm).png|thumb|right|x250px|The SA50 L/57 (75 mm) on the AMX-13 (Israel) gun mantlet]]

== Description ==

The '''SA50 L/57 (75 mm)''' is a French tank gun.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|fr_amx_13_75}}
* {{Specs-Link|il_amx_13_75}}
* {{Specs-Link|fr_amx_13_75_ss11}}
* {{Specs-Link|fr_amx_13_hot}}
* {{Specs-Link|fr_panhard_ebr_1954}}
* {{Specs-Link|fr_m4a1_sherman_fl_10}}
* {{Specs-Link|fr_m4a4_cn_75_50}}

== General info ==

The 75 mm SA50 L/57 is a powerful gun. It is equipped with an autoloader (except on the [[M4A4 (SA50)]]), which gives it a competitive reload time. The combat vehicles equipped with this weapon have a high penetrating power for their battle rating, with the exception of the [[AMX-13 (HOT)]], which gets a comparatively high BR due to being equipped with second-generation ATGMs.

=== Available ammunition ===

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|POT-51A, OE Mle 1951, PCOT-51P}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

The SA50 L/57 has similar ballistic characteristics to the [[KwK42 (75 mm)]] upon which its development was based. However, both penetration performance and damage effect are not identical, as other types of ammunition are used.

== Usage in battles ==

Thanks to the high penetrating power of the gun, vehicles equipped with this weapon can attack all but the most resilient enemies head-on. The short reload time can be used to compensate for the low damage effect of the AP grenades through fast follow-up shots to take out targets quickly. As with all tanks equipped with an autoloader, however, it takes a long time to reload after it has been depleted, so it is highly recommended to remove the tank from the direct line of sight of the enemy during longer firefights in order to refill magazines.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High penetration power
* Assisted by a 12-round autoloader, except for the M4A4 SA50
* High muzzle velocity (1,000 m/s)

'''Cons:'''

* No armour-piercing shell with an explosive filler
* Limited elevation angle due to the oscillating turret design

== History ==

The SA50 L/57 (75 mm) was developed to fulfil a requirement for a 75 mm anti-tank gun to be mounted on the [[ARL-44]]. Although it was never adopted for this role, it was later standardized and mounted on the [[AMX-13]], among other designs. The development team sought a cannon that possessed comparable performance to the German [[KwK42 (75 mm)]], mounted on the [[Panzer V Panther (Family)|Panther]], notably.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[CN90 F3 (90 mm)]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:SA_50|[Wikipedia] SA 50]]

{{France tank cannons}}
{{Israel tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

KwK42 (75 mm)

2023-07-08T15:56:33Z

U12423867: /* Description */ Description matched to title

[[File:Weapon KwK42 (75 mm).png|thumb|right|x250px|The 75 mm KwK42 on the VK 3002 (M) gun mantlet.]]

== Description ==

The '''KwK42''' (75 mm) is the main cannon of the Panther tanks.

The cannon was designated as the '''PaK42''' when mounted on Jagdpanzer IV tank destroyers, and featured some minor differences, such as lack of a muzzle brake and a thinner but longer breech block, due to the recoil buffers being mounted on top of the breech block instead of the sides. However, it still functions identically to the KwK42 in-game.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===

[[File:7,5-cm-KwK 42 L-70 Munster.jpg|thumb|KwK42 from a panther with the letterbox mantlet and recoil system included.]]

* {{Specs-Link|germ_vk_3002m}}
* {{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_V_ausf_a_panther}}
* {{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_V_ausf_d_panther}}
* {{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_V_ausf_g_panther}}
* {{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_V_ersatz_m10}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_pzkpfw_V}}
* {{Specs-Link|fr_pzkpfw_V_panther_dauphine}}
* {{Specs-Link|germ_pz_IV_L70}}
* {{Specs-Link|germ_pz_IV_L70_A}}

== General info ==

The KwK42 gun has shells with high muzzle velocity, but relatively low projectile mass, which along with a long reload makes it more suited for long range engagements.

=== Available ammunition ===

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|PzGr 39/42, PzGr 40/42, Sprgr. 42}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==

With a much higher muzzle velocity compared to the [[KwK40 L48 (75 mm)|preceding 75 mm cannon]], the KwK42 can penetrate much more armour and fly in a flatter arc to allow for vehicle knock-outs from hundreds of metres away with greater degrees of range-estimating error.

The stock APCBC shell has enough power to frontally penetrate a [[M4A3E2]] Jumbo. Although, this can be somewhat unpredictable: if the Jumbo is angling, the shell will bounce or shatter.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fairly high muzzle velocity
* Accurate up to long distances
* Good penetration

'''Cons:'''

* Low explosive filler in AP rounds
* Long reload time

== History ==

With the development of the new Panther tanks, a new gun (the KwK42) also had to be designed, as the KwK40 was seen as insufficient to deal with the new generation of Soviet tanks. Shells between these guns were near-identical allowing for easier manufacturing with the only difference being the larger driving band.

The PaK42 is a tank gun near identical to the KwK42, rather than a towed gun as the name would designate it as. The towed version may have been manufactured, though no evidence of such has been found.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[M1 (76 mm)]]
* [[D-5S (85 mm)]]
* [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany tank cannons}}
{{USSR tank cannons}}
{{France tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

Magach 1

2023-07-08T08:16:16Z

U12423867: /* Usage in battles */

{{About
| about = Israeli medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Magach (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=il_m48a1_patton_III
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Wind of Change"]]. Being identical to the American [[M48A1]] it offers the Israeli tree one of its first purebred MBTs to serve alongside the [[Sho't]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull roof, engine vents)
* Cast homogeneous armour (hull front, sides, rear, turret, cupola)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 110 mm (52-60°) ''Upper glacis'' <br> 100 mm (38-62°) ''Lower glacis'' || 76 mm (29°) ''Top - Front'' <br> 51 mm (26°) ''Top - Rear'' <br> 38 mm (63°) ''Bottom - Front'' <br> 25 mm (60°) ''Bottom - Rear'' || 35 mm (32°) ''Top'' <br> 25 mm (62°) ''Bottom'' || 110 mm (40°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 57 mm ''Crew and engine compartments'' <br> 10 mm ''Engine vents''
|-
| Turret || 152 mm (23-32°) ''Turret front'' <br> 152 (25°) ''Gun mantlet'' <br> 70 mm ''Turret ring''|| 69-100 mm (12-36°) || 50-58 mm (35°) || 26 mm
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" | 29.7 mm (spherical) || 29.7 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels, tracks, and torsion bars are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 38 mm thick under the crew compartment, and 25 mm thick under the engine compartment.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,255|rbMinHp=716}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M41 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M41 (90 mm)|90 mm M41]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 60 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+19° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 22.8 || 31.6 || 38.4 || 42.5 || 45.2 || rowspan="2" | 9.75 || rowspan="2" | 8.63 || rowspan="2" | 7.95 || rowspan="2" | 7.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.3 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M41 (90 mm)/Ammunition|M332 shot, T142E3, M82 shot, M431 shell, M71 shell, M313}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_M48A1.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the M48A1 (identical).]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! 5th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''60''' || 53 ''(+7)'' || 42 ''(+18)'' || 24 ''(+36)'' || 17 ''(+43)'' || 1 ''(+59)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled by sets of 2 and disappear from the rack after you've fired both shells in the set.
* Racks 4 and 5 are first stage ammo racks. They total 23 shells and get filled first when loading up the tank.
** These rack are also emptied early: the depletion order at full capacity is: 4 - 5 - 1 - 2 - 3.
** Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1-3 into rack 5 then 4. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready rack.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M73 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 600 (200) || 577 || -9°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M73 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M73]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 6,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Magach 1 will feel familiar to tankers from the American and German tank trees, as it is essentially a copy and paste [[M48A1]]/[[M48A2 C]] from those trees. Being the first true MBT that the Israelis have access to (alongside the [[Sho't]]) it will bring a new play style to those who have been using the M-51s and French light tanks before it.

This vehicle is a first-generation MBT and an American one at that, so its mobility is still average compared to other early MBTs such as the [[Leopard I]] and [[T-54 (1949)]]. The gun has access to decent ammunition in the form of the final HEATFS shell but is still limited in that it's a 90 mm cannon when many contemporaries are sporting 105 mm weapons that sport APDS along with their own HEATFS shells. Staying out of close-range engagements is a must due to the limited damage potential of the gun and balky turret/suspension handling.↵↵

The Magach 1 will feel right at home staying close behind the more heavily armoured vehicles in the front line and taking well-aimed, surgical shots with its smaller weapon and either killing the target or crippling it so that its teammates can go in and finish the job safely. If caught in close-quarters combat, take advantage of the neutral steering and somewhat trolly armour angles to try and get the gun back on target.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Decent front hull armour, both thickness and angling, when compared to some contemporary MBTs
* Nice roof armour, only aircraft with heavy AP/dedicated anti-armour rounds will get through
* Has access to a very effective M431 HEATFS shell

'''Cons:'''

* Early M48 model, still suffers from sluggish mobility.
* Gun is effective but still only 90 mm when contemporary opponents start bringing higher-velocity 100+ mm cannons.
* Large profile target, more easily targeted by dedicated tankbuster aircraft and sniping tanks
* The commander .50 cal is placed in a clumsy mini-turret, defending against aircraft/fast light tanks is difficult
* The stock round, M332 APCR, has very limited damage potential and bounces easily

== History ==


=== Development ===
In February 1951, the US Army opted for a new design to replace their [[M46]]/[[M47]] tanks. Designated the 90mm Gun Tank T-48, it featured a novel (for American Cold War tanks) hemispherical turret, hull, and suspension design. The crew was reduced to four, and it began production in 1952 after being named for the famous General George S. Patton. During initial production, several protection defects were identified and a program to refit them began, resulting in the M48A1 with a slightly different driver's hatch and commander's cupola, now equipped with a .50 [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|M2HB]].

=== Israeli Service ===
Israel's first M48s were acquired from West Germany in the early 1960s in a secret arms deal, with the United States providing further vehicles after the deal was exposed. The M48A1 variants came from the United States transfers.

During the Six Day War in 1967, the M48A1s served in their stock US configuration and acquitted themselves well. However, by the Yom Kippur War their 90mm cannons had been recognized as obsolete for Israeli purposes and the only remaining M48 tanks in the IDF were later versions equipped with 105mm cannons or conversions of the M48A1/A2/A3s to the 105mm cannon.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=il_m48a1_patton_III Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Magach (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Magach|[Wikipedia] Magach]]

{{TankManufacturer Israeli Ordnance Corps}}
{{Israel medium tanks}}