War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Model 1923DT (550 mm)

2023-06-25T14:08:31Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

37 mm/50 model 1933 (37 mm)

2023-06-25T13:47:39Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */ added Colbert, Emile bertin, Milan and Panthere

15 cm/48 KC/36 (150 mm)

2023-06-25T13:40:36Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */ added Marceau

138.6 mm/40 model 1927 (138.6 mm)

2023-06-25T13:35:15Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */ added Milan and Vautour

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|fr_destroyer_aigle_class_aigle}}
* {{Specs-Link|fr_destroyer_aigle_class_milan}}
* {{Specs-Link|fr_destroyer_aigle_class_vautour}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

The French in World War I grew concerned about the cannons being mounted on foreign destroyers and decided they needed a more effective weapon than the guns on those destroyers for their cruisers and battleships. The new 130 mm/40 M1919 that entered service in 1926 didn't meet their expectations and a new design was needed to meet their requirements for an anti-destroyer armament. Fortunately for the Marine Nationale (French National Navy) they had the destroyer ''Amiral Sénès'' (ex-''SMS S113'') from Germany as war reparations and studied the 15 cm L/45 to develop the 138.6 mm/40 model 1927. The gun copied the horizontal breech block and semi-automatic action from the German design but was scaled to the 138.6 mm (5.45 in) calibre used by French destroyers. The model 1927 was used on the ''[[Aigle]]''-class and ''Vauquelin''-class destroyers built to serve in the main fleet along with the ''Bougainville''-class aviso (sloop) built for colonial service.

These ships would go on to see some action during World War II. Three ''Aigle''-class destroyers ''Aigle'', ''Vautour'', and ''Albatros'' took part in Operation Vado, the bombardment of northwestern Italy during the Battle of France in June 1940. The entire class of destroyers would become part of the Vichy French Navy after the French Armistice. Three destroyers, ''Albatros'', ''Épervier'', and ''Milan'' participated in the Battle of Casablanca during Operation Torch in November 1942 with the latter two destroyed while the ''Albatros'' was captured by the Allies and served in the French Navy after the war until it was scrapped in 1959. Three ''Vauquelin''-class destroyers, ''Tartu'', ''Cassard'', and ''Le Chevalier Paul'', also participated in Operation Valo, expending 1,600 rounds attempting to bombard targets Vado Ligure with little damage performed. The entire class also served under the Vichy French except for the ''Maillé Brézé'' which was lost in April 1940 to a magazine detonation while docked at Scotland. However, they would not use their guns in combat again.

The ''Bougainville''-class avisoes would notably serve in both the Free French Naval Forces (''Forces Navales Françaises Libres'', or FNFL) and Vichy French Navy. This led to the rare case of a ship class fighting itself when the two navies faced off. The lead ship ''Bougainville'' was destroyed in this manner by her sister ship ''Savorgnan de Brazza'' during the Battle of Gabon in November 1940. At the time of her sinking, ''Bougainville'' was landing troops on the Ogooué River near the capital of Libreville leaving her unable to match her sister's rate of fire. Even before the lines between Free France and Vichy were clearly defined, the ''Rigault de Genouilly'' engaged Force H of the Royal Navy after it sunk most of the French Fleet at Mers El Kébir, Algeria, on July 3rd, 1940, but did not have success in sinking the British ships. ''Rigault de Genouilly'' was sunk the next day by HMS ''Pandora'' off the coast of French Algeria. The ''D'Entrecasteaux'' was stationed in Madagascar and saw action during Operation Ironclad (the British naval landings on the island) before being beached after an attack by Swordfish bombers on May 6th, 1942. The ''Dumont d'Urville'' and ''Amiral Charner'' were in the Vichy French Navy and participated in the 1940 Franco-Thai War most notably during the Battle of Ko Chang. The ''Savorgnan de Brazza'' survived the war and joined her sister ship ''Dumont d'Urville'' in the bombardment of the Indochina city of Haiphong in what became known as the Haiphong Massacre on November 23rd, 1946. The final ''Bougainville''-class to see combat was the ''La Grandière'' which supported the UN Task Force's naval landings at Inchon during the Korean War.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{France naval cannons}}

[[Category:Naval cannons]]

Mk.VII depth charge

2023-06-24T23:02:06Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

2pdr QF Mk.IIc (40 mm)

2023-06-24T22:58:37Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

[[File:2pdr QF MkIIc.png|thumb|x250px|The {{PAGENAME}} on the [[HMS Jervis]].]]
== Description ==

The '''40 mm 2pdr QF Mk.IIc''', nicknamed the "'''pom-pom'''", is a British naval autocannon, used as a primary armament for coastal ships and an anti-aircraft weapon on bluewater ships.

Despite the similar name, this weapon has no relation to the [[QF 2-pounder (40 mm)|40 mm QF 2-pounder]] used on British tanks.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Motor gun boats'''}}{{Specs-Link|uk_fairmile_c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_fairmile_c_332}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_fairmile_d_601_616}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_71ft_mgb}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_sgb_304}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_sgb_309}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Destroyers'''}}{{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_hunt_4series}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_j_class}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_n_class}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_destroyer_jaguar_class_leopard}}
{{Navigation-Line|Tribal-class}}{{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_haida}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_tribal}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_tribal_mohawk}}
{{Navigation-Line| }}{{Specs-Link|ussr_destroyer_kerch}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Light cruisers'''}}{{Specs-Link|uk_minelayer_abdiel_class_abdiel}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_cruiser_enterprise_d52}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==

The 2pdr "pom-pom" autocannon is a 40 mm anti-air autocannon that entered service with the Royal Navy in 1917. The gun is belt-fed with 56 rounds capacity per belt and a rate of fire of 200 rounds per minute. The gun was usually found in either a single-mounted version on coastal boats and early destroyers, as well as a quad-mount version found on a British wartime destroyers.

=== Available ammunition ===

The '''40 mm 2pdr QF Mk.IIc''' has 3 belt choices, Universal, 40 mm HE, and 40 mm AP.

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|HEF|High-explosive fragmentation}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF|High-explosive fragmentation}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''40 mm HE:''' {{Annotation|HEF|High-explosive fragmentation}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF|High-explosive fragmentation}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF|High-explosive fragmentation}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''40 mm AP:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF|High-explosive fragmentation}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Shell
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| AP-T || 60 || 57 || 48 || 39 || 32 || 26
|-
| HEF || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| AP-T || 701 || 0.91 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| HEF || 701 || 0.82 || 0 || 0.1 || 71 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

* [[QF Mark V (40 mm)]]: The Bofors autocannons is mostly superior than the pom-pom in almost every way. The Bofors have a more powerful rounds, higher shell velocity, and features an auto-feeding mechanism that enable it to fire continuously. While the pom-pom technically has higher rate of fire than the Bofors (200 vs. 156 rpm), the lack of auto-feed mechanism reduces the actual rate of fire of the pom-pom to 115 rpm.

== Usage in battles ==

The 2pdr pom-pom performs remarkably well for a gun originated from the Great War era. The gun has superior rate of fire than that of the famous Bofors autocannons, though it is handicapped by the lack of auto-feeding mechanism and low shell velocity which reduced the range of the guns to 3 km at best.

For the most part, the pom-pom's usage is similar to that of the Bofors, with a few distinctive differences. As the gun will never jam due to the belt-fed mechanism, the pom-pom performs better with a short but rapid burst to quickly dispatch the opponents, but the frequent reload will reduce the gun's effectiveness, especially when the enemy is getting too close. Thus, the pom-pom often requires trigger discipline at closer range to accurately hit and destroy the targets before they can attack with bombs or torpedoes.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful HE rounds
* High rate of fire
* Belt-fed mechanism ensure that the gun will never jam

'''Cons:'''

* Low muzzle velocity limits its effective range
* Lacks autoloading mechanism, have to reload semi-frequently

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[2pdr QF Mk.VIII (40 mm)]] - Later variant of the weapon
* [[40 mm/62 Vickers (40 mm)]] - Japanese version
* [[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)]]{{-}}[[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917, Modif.1930 (40 mm)]] - Italian licensed versions

== External links ==


* [http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNBR_2pounder_m2.php <nowiki>[NavWeaps]</nowiki> 2-pdr <nowiki>[4 cm/39 (1.575")]</nowiki> QF Mark II, Mark II* and Mark II*C] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210731184850/http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNBR_2pounder_m2.php Web Archive])

{{USSR naval cannons}}
{{Britain naval cannons}}

[[Category:Naval cannons]]

Model 1923DT (550 mm)

2023-06-24T22:56:23Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

37 mm/50 model 1933 (37 mm)

2023-06-24T22:56:10Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

Mk.IX** (533 mm)

2023-06-24T22:51:13Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

QF STAAG Mark II (40 mm)

2023-06-24T22:51:02Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

[[File:40mm QF STAAG Mark II.png|thumb|x250px|The 40 mm QF STAAG Mark II on HMS Armada.]]
== Description ==

The '''40 mm QF STAAG Mark II''' is a naval anti-aircraft twin mounting that consists of two British-produced, water-cooled Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun with onboard radar and fire control systems (radar functionality is not present in-game). The Bofors 40 mm L/60, also known as the "Bofors L/60", the "Bofors gun", or simply "the Bofors", was a highly successful Swedish anti-aircraft gun design of the interwar period and was widely used during the Second World War by both sides and in all theatres and remained in service long after the end of WWII.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_battle_tobruk}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_battle_2series}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_frigate_whitby_blackpool}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_battle_cadiz}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_daring_class_diana}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_frigate_leopard}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_frigate_whitby}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_daring_class_daring}}

== General info ==

The QF STAAG Mark II has a barrel diameter of 40 mm and has a barrel length of 2.25 m. It has a magazine size of 4 rounds and has a rate of fire of 156 rounds per minute, though firing for too long will jam the gun.

=== Available ammunition ===

There are three ammunition choices available:

* Universal: {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
* 40 mm HE clips: {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* 40 mm AP clips: {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

All naval Bofors 40 mm L60 guns are virtually identical, the only difference between them being the rate of fire: all single mounts fire at 160 rpm, while twin and quadruple mounts fire at 156 rpm. They all fire the same ammunition from 4-round ammunition clips and have a short enough reload that they can sustain continuous fire as if there wasn't a reload at all. In other words, their cyclic rate of fire (mechanical rate of fire) is the same as their effective rate of fire (rate of fire with reload times taken into account). All naval Bofors 40 mm L60 guns can jam if fired for too long.

The only naval Bofors 40 mm L/70 currently present in the game is the [[MEL58 (40 mm)|MEL58]], which is, by and large, superior with a much higher rate of fire of 240 rounds per minute. The only other difference is the HE round: the MEL58's HE round has less explosive mass (0.03625 kg TNT eq.), but it has a higher muzzle velocity (1030 m/s).

The [[Bofors Flak 28 (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors Flak 28]] is the only naval Bofors gun in-game with access to a pure HE ammunition choice, at the cost of not having any AP options. Every other naval Bofors gun has ammunition choices comprised of a mix of HE and AP, in ratios of 1:1, 3:1, or 1:3.

'''Compared to other common guns of similar calibre:'''

* [[3,7 cm SK C/30 (37 mm)]]: The 3,7 cm SK C/30 has a higher muzzle velocity for both its AP and HE rounds (1,000 m/s) and has a stronger AP round (87 mm @ 10 m, 0°; 0.0374 kg TNT equivalence); but it has a much slower rate of fire (30 rpm), has a weaker HE round (0.0274 kg TNT equivalence), and has a lower projectile mass for both its AP round (0.82 kg) and HE round (0.75 kg). This gun is single-shot and cannot jam.

* [[3,7 cm FlaK-Lafette C/36 (37 mm)]] and [[3,7 cm FlaK-Lafette LM/42 (37 mm)]]: These guns have a higher rate of fire (250 RPM); but they have a lower muzzle velocity for both their AP round (845 m/s) and HE round (815 m/s), have a weaker AP round (67 mm @ 10 m, 0°) and a weaker HE round (0.04403 kg TNT equivalent), and have a lower projectile mass for both their AP round (0.7 kg) and HE round (0.623 kg). These guns fire from a 5-round ammunition clip and have a very quick reload, so their cyclic rate of fire and effective rate of fire are practically identical. They cannot jam.

* [[70-K (37 mm)]]: The 70-K has a higher muzzle velocity for its HE round (880 m/s); but it has has a lower rate of fire (150 RPM), has a lower muzzle velocity for its AP round (880 m/s), has a weaker AP round (79 mm @ 10 m, 0°) and a weaker HE round ((0.05698 kg TNT equivalence), and has a lower projectile mass in both its AP round (0.758 kg) and HE round (0.72 kg). It fires from a 500-round magazine and can jam if fired for too long.

* [[2pdr QF Mk.IIc (40 mm)]] and [[2pdr QF Mk.VIII (40 mm)]]: These guns have a higher rate of fire (200 rpm) and have a lower projectile mass in their AP round (0.91 kg); but they have a lower muzzle velocity for its AP and HE rounds (701 m/s), have a weaker AP round (60 mm @ 10 m, 0°) and a weaker HE round (0.071 kg TNT equivalence), and have a lower projectile mass in both their HE round (0.82 kg). They fire from a 56 round magazine and cannot jam.

== Usage in battles ==

A twin mount of one of the best medium-range anti-aircraft cannons in the game, the QF STAAG Mark II provides very good AA coverage for any ships that it's mounted on. With a 0.0986 kg TNT equivalent explosive charge in each HE round, any hit on an enemy aircraft will usually result in critical damage, if not a kill. The rounds that these guns fire have an above-average muzzle velocity and projectile mass, resulting in a much further effective range than guns of a similar calibre: laterally (i.e. targeting surface targets), the maximum range is about 3.25 km.

Despite the guns' small magazine size of only four rounds, the reload is short enough that there isn't any noticeable difference between its cyclic rate of fire (the rate of fire only considering the mechanical speed of the gun) and its effective rate of fire (the rate of fire accounting for reload times). In other words, it can sustain virtually continuous fire, as if there was no reloading at all. However, this comes at the cost that if fired for too long, the gun can jam. For this reason, it can be advantageous to set the AI gunners to only target aircraft. If allowed to target surface targets, the AI gunners will often waste ammunition on targets well outside of the gun's maximum range, leaving the guns jammed when actually needed.

Since the QF STAAG Mark II is currently only mounted on destroyers in-game, there is no reason to use any ammunition option other than 40 mm HE clips since it contains the highest ratio of HE to AP rounds. While the AP rounds do have a very gun penetration for its calibre, armoured targets are more effectively dealt with using the destroyer's main armament anyway. With the 40 mm HE clips, the QF STAAG Mark II will have the highest effectiveness against its intended targets, aircraft and small boats.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''
* Large explosive mass in HE round
* High-penetration AP round
* Very quick reload

'''Cons:'''
* Can jam if continuously fired for too long

== History ==

In 1928, the Swedish Royal Navy contracted the Bofors Company to design a suitable replacement for their Vickers 2-pounder guns anti-aircraft guns (the Vickers "Pom-Poms"). Work on the design began right away and a prototype model was produced by mid-1930. The prototype had a vertical sliding breech block design and was automatic. Upon firing, the recoil of the gun would open the breech and eject the spent casing out its rear whilst an autoloading mechanism would insert the next round into the empty breech, after which the action of the gun sliding back into place would close the breech once again, leaving the gun ready to fire once more.

While proving the potential of the design, the prototype failed to meet the specified rate of fire requirement of 130 rounds per minute. It wasn't until 1934 that a production model, 40 mm L/60 Model 1934, was ready. In the following years, minor improvements led to the development of 40 mm L/60 Model 1936, which would finally be accepted into Swedish service as 40 mm/60 Model 1936. Despite its name, the barrel length of the 40 mm L/60 Model 1936 was actually 2250 mm (56.25 calibres).

The British Army first purchased 100 Bofors guns in 1937 for examination and testing which were found to show satisfactory performance. However, many parts of the gun as originally designed were intended to be fashioned or fitted by hand, limiting the rate of production to a pace that couldn't possibly meet British demand. Thus, Britain acquired a licence to produce the gun domestically. Changes were made to the design to streamline mass production, including the conversion of measurements from metric to imperial. These changes not only vastly improved production efficiency, but they also lowered production costs.

The Stabilised Tachometric Anti-Aircraft Gun (STAAG) Mark II mounting was a post-war twin mounting with two mirrored OQF 40 mm Mark X guns mounted side-by-side. Weighing in at a total of 17.8 tonnes, the STAAG Mark II was one of the most complex anti-aircraft mounts of its time. The mount had its own stabilization systems and was triaxially stabilized, but not in the traditional sense; the mount itself was on stabilized on two axes, while the third came from lateral deflection of the guns themselves. Mounted to the rear and left of the guns, the STAAG Mark II carried the Type 262 radar, as well as a separate tracking radar and rangefinder, that provided onboard computers with target information, allowing the system to predict the target's movements. In this aspect, the STAAG Mark II was considered very accurate. The Mark X guns of the STAAG Mark II were water-cooled, and the STAAG Mark II had its own pumps to circulate water through the guns' water jackets. Additionally, the STAAG Mark II was hydraulically powered, able to elevate and train the guns at a rate of 35°/s both ways, and had an onboard backup generator in case power was cut to the system.

Sitting behind the gunshield and to the left of the guns was the gunner. Behind him was radar cabinet, just behind which sat the radar operator. Standing on a platform behind both of the guns was the commander, who had his own displays and controls. SAP, AP, and HE rounds were produced for the British Bofors guns, each weighing 0.894 kg (1.97 lbs.). Both SAP and AP were painted black with white tips, with AP being distinguished by a white ring painted on the body. HE, painted buff, had 0.068 kg (0.15 lbs.) of TNT and self-destroyed after travelling for approximately 3,200 m (3,500 yds). Rounds with tracer were indicated by an additional red ring. To either side of the commander at the rear of the firing platform were two ammunition hoists. Crewmen on the deck loaded ammunition into the hoists. Ammunition from the hoists was loaded by the crew on the firing platform through the top of the guns into ammunition "hoppers", from which the automatic loaders pulled the ammunition from. Spent cartridges were ejected out of the rear of the gun, down chutes redirecting them under the guns towards the front where they can be ejected safely away from the crew.

The STAAG Mark II replaced many of the older, yet similar Mark IV "Hazemeyer" mountings. Despite its technological advantages, the STAAG Mark II suffered from many of its own problems. The first of these problems was its weight of 17.8 tonnes, which was significantly heavier than mounts of its type, especially for a twin mount. Another problem was the complexity of the STAAG Mark II, which needlessly complicated maintenance and lowered reliability without showing enough improvements over other mounting designs to warrant it. A third issue was that the radar and other electrical equipment were carried directly on the mount itself, which put them under stress from the STAAG Mark II's movements and the vibrations from firing the guns. For these reasons, the STAAG Mark II did not remain in service for very long, soon replaced by the much simpler and more reliable Mark V twin mount.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[Bofors (40 mm) (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_4cm-56_mk12.php#Use_by_Britain NavWeaps - USA Bofors 40 mm L/60 Model 1936]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bofors_40_mm_gun Wikipedia - Bofors 40 mm gun]

{{Britain naval cannons}}

[[Category:Naval cannons]]

QF Mark V (40 mm)

2023-06-24T22:50:51Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

== Description ==

[[File:40mm QF Mark V.png|350px|thumb|left|The {{PAGENAME}} on the Battle (D14).]]
{{Break}}
The '''40 mm QF Mark V''' is a naval anti-aircraft twin mounting that consists of two water-cooled, British-produced Bofors 40 mm L/60 guns. The Bofors 40 mm L/60, also known as the "Bofors L/60", the "Bofors gun", or simply "the Bofors", was a highly successful Swedish anti-aircraft gun design of the interwar period and was widely used during the Second World War by both sides and in all theatres and remained in service long after the end of WWII.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_battle_2series}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_cruiser_belfast}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_daring_class_diana}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_cruiser_liverpool}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_daring_class_daring}}

== General info ==

The QF Mark V has a barrel diameter of 40 mm and has a barrel length of 2.25 m. It has a magazine size of 4 rounds per gun and has a rate of fire of 156 rounds per minute, though firing for too long will jam the gun.

=== Available ammunition ===

Depending on the vehicle, there are up to three belts available. Note that Default and Universal refer to the same belt, depending on the vehicle.

* '''Default/Universal:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
* '''40 mm HE clips:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''40 mm AP clips:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}

{{notice|Not all belts listed are available on all vehicles equipped with this weapon.}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| 40 mm HEF-I || HEF-I || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3
|-
| 40 mm AP-T || AP-T || 81 || 78 || 68 || 58 || 49 || 41
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 40 mm HEF-I || HEF-I || 0.9 || 874 || 0 || 0.1 || 67.13 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 40 mm AP-T || AP-T || 0.89 || 874 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

All naval Bofors 40 mm L60 guns are virtually identical, the only difference between them being the rate of fire: all single mounts fire at 160 rpm, while twin and quadruple mounts fire at 156 rpm. They all fire the same ammunition from 4-round ammunition clips and have a short enough reload that they can sustain continuous fire as if there wasn't a reload at all. In other words, their cyclic rate of fire (mechanical rate of fire) is the same as their effective rate of fire (rate of fire with reload times taken into account). All naval Bofors 40 mm L60 guns can jam if fired for too long.

The only naval Bofors 40 mm L/70 currently present in the game is the [[MEL58 (40 mm)|40 mm MEL58]], which is, by and large, superior with a much higher rate of fire of 240 rounds per minute. The only other difference is the HE round: the MEL58's HE round has less explosive mass (36.25 g TNTeq), but it has a higher muzzle velocity (1,030 m/s).

The [[Bofors Flak 28 (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors Flak 28]] is the only naval Bofors gun in-game with access to a pure HE ammunition choice, at the cost of not having any AP options. Every other naval Bofors gun has ammunition choices comprised of a mix of HE and AP, in ratios of 1:1, 3:1, or 1:3.

'''Compared to other common guns of similar calibre:'''

* [[3,7 cm SK C/30 (37 mm)]]: The 3,7 cm SK C/30 has a higher muzzle velocity for both its AP and HE rounds (1,000 m/s) and has a stronger AP round (87 mm @ 10 m, 0°; 37,4 g TNTeq); but it has a much slower rate of fire (30 rpm), has a weaker HE round (274 g TNTeq), and has a lower projectile mass for both its AP round (820 g) and HE round (750 g). This gun is single-shot and cannot jam.

* [[3,7 cm FlaK-Lafette C/36 (37 mm)]] and [[3,7 cm FlaK-Lafette LM/42 (37 mm)]]: These guns have a higher rate of fire (250 rpm), but they have a lower muzzle velocity for both their AP round (845 m/s) and HE round (815 m/s), have a weaker AP round (67 mm @ 10 m, 0°) and a weaker HE round (44.03 kg TNTeq), and have a lower projectile mass for both their AP round (700 g) and HE round (623 g). These guns fire from a 5-round ammunition clip and have a very quick reload, so their cyclic rate of fire and effective rate of fire are practically identical. They cannot jam.

* [[70-K (37 mm)]]: The 70-K has a higher muzzle velocity for its HE round (880 m/s); but it has has a lower rate of fire (150 rpm), has a lower muzzle velocity for its AP round (880 m/s), has a weaker AP round (79 mm @ 10 m, 0°) and a weaker HE round (0.05698 kg TNTeq), and has a lower projectile mass in both its AP round (0.758 kg) and HE round (0.72 kg). It fires from a 500-round magazine and can jam if fired for too long.

* [[2pdr QF Mk.IIc (40 mm)]] and [[2pdr QF Mk.VIII (40 mm)]]: These guns have a higher rate of fire (200 rpm) and have a lower projectile mass in their AP round (910 g); but they have a lower muzzle velocity for its AP and HE rounds (701 m/s), have a weaker AP round (60 mm @ 10 m, 0°) and a weaker HE round (71 g TNTeq), and have a lower projectile mass in both their HE round (820 g). They fire from a 56 round magazine and cannot jam.

== Usage in battles ==

A twin mount of one of the best medium-range anti-aircraft cannons in the game, the QF Mark V provides very good AA coverage for any ships that it's mounted on. With a 98.6 g TNTeq explosive charge in each HE round, any hit on an enemy aircraft will usually result in critical damage, if not a kill. The rounds that these guns fire have an above-average muzzle velocity and projectile mass, resulting in a much longer effective range than guns of similar calibre: laterally (i.e. targeting surface targets), the maximum range is about 3.25 km.

Despite each gun's small magazine size of only four rounds, the reload is short enough that there isn't any noticeable difference between its cyclic rate of fire (the rate of fire only considering the mechanical speed of the gun) and its effective rate of fire (the rate of fire accounting for reload times). In other words, they can sustain virtually continuous fire, as if there was no reloading at all. However, this comes at the cost that if fired for too long, the gun can jam. For this reason, it can be advantageous to set the AI gunners to only target aircraft. If allowed to target surface targets, the AI gunners will often waste ammunition on targets well outside of the gun's maximum range, leaving the guns jammed when actually needed.

Since the QF Mark V can currently only be found on destroyers and cruisers, if the choice is available, there is no reason to use any ammunition option other than 40 mm HE clips since it contains the highest ratio of HE to AP rounds. While the AP rounds do have a very gun penetration for its calibre, armoured targets are more effectively dealt with using the destroyer's main armament anyway. With the 40 mm HE clips, the QF Mark V will have the highest effectiveness against its intended targets, aircraft and small boats.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Large explosive mass in HE round
* High-penetration AP round
* Very quick reload

'''Cons:'''

* Can jam if fired for too long

== History ==

In 1928, the Swedish Royal Navy contracted the Bofors Company to design a suitable replacement for their Vickers 2-pounder guns anti-aircraft guns (the Vickers "Pom-Poms"). Work on the design began right away and a prototype model was produced by mid-1930. The prototype had a vertical sliding breech block design and was automatic. Upon firing, the recoil of the gun would open the breech and eject the spent casing out its rear whilst an autoloading mechanism would insert the next round into the empty breech, after which the action of the gun sliding back into place would close the breech once again, leaving the gun ready to fire once more.

While proving the potential of the design, the prototype failed to meet the specified rate of fire requirement of 130 rounds per minute. It wasn't until 1934 that a production model, 40 mm L/60 Model 1934, was ready. In the following years, minor improvements led to the development of 40 mm L/60 Model 1936, which would finally be accepted into Swedish service as 40 mm/60 Model 1936. Despite its name, the barrel length of the 40 mm L/60 Model 1936 was actually 2250 mm (56.25 calibres).

The British Army first purchased 100 Bofors guns in 1937 for examination and testing which were found to show satisfactory performance. However, many parts of the gun as originally designed were intended to be fashioned or fitted by hand, limiting the rate of production to a pace that couldn't possibly meet British demand. Thus, Britain acquired a licence to produce the gun domestically. Changes were made to the design to streamline mass production, including the conversion of measurements from metric to imperial. These changes not only vastly improved production efficiency, but they also lowered production costs.

The Mark V mounting was a twin mount design that used the American Mark 1 twin mount as a design base, making use of interchangeable parts from the existing gun mount designs where possible. The Mark V mount (designated R.P.50 Mark V) used two 40 mm Mark XI guns (designated "Ordnance, Quick Firing 40 mm Mark XI") fitted side-by-side, though many of these were actually 40 mm Mark IV or Mark IV/I guns converted to the Mark XI standard. The original air-cooled barrel of the Bofors L/60 would overheat after firing approximately 300 rounds and would need to be replaced to continue firing. The Mark XI was water-cooled to help alleviate this issue, and the Mark V mount had water tanks and pumps to circulate the coolant through the guns' water sleeves. In total, the Mark V mount weighed 6.5 tonnes.

Like its American counterpart, the Mark V used two mirrored versions of the Mark XI, one for each side. The turret could be aimed either remotely by a central fire control director located elsewhere on the ship, or by the gunner, seated to the left of the guns, who controlled the turret's R.P.50 metadyne electric drives with a joystick. In the case of electrical failure, the mount could also be aimed and fired manually by two crewmen seated on each side of the gun. The crewman on the right-hand side is the gun trainer, who traversed the mount horizontally by turning a crank, while the crewman on the left side, the gunlayer, elevated the guns in the same manner. The Mark V mount could elevate -15°/+90°, although this was changed to -14°/+90° post-WWII, and it could train and elevate at a rate of 35°/s and 28°/s, respectively.

SAP, AP, and HE rounds were produced for the British Bofors guns, each weighing 0.894 kg (1.97 lbs.). Both SAP and AP were painted black with white tips, with AP being distinguished by a white ring painted on the body. HE, painted buff, had 68 g (0.15 lbs.) of TNT and self-destroyed after travelling for approximately 3,200 m (3,500 yds). Rounds with tracer were indicated by an additional red ring. At the rear of the firing platform were two ready-use ammunition racks with a capacity for six clips each. Ammunition was loaded by the crew through the top of the guns into ammunition "hoppers", from which the automatic loaders pull the ammunition from. The gunlayer fires both guns with either a button on his joystick or manually through the use of foot pedals, with the guns being able to fire in single fire or automatic modes. Spent cartridges were ejected out of the rear of the gun, down chutes redirecting them under the guns towards the front where they can be ejected safely away from the crew.

The Mark V twin mount, commonly known as the "Utility" mount, entered service in February 1945. The Royal Navy estimated that the Bofors gun was about as effective against kamikaze aircraft as their domestic design, the Vickers 2-pdr Pom-Poms, but they found that the Bofors gun was about twice as effective against bombers. The Mark V mount replaced the Mark IV "Hazemeyer" twin mount and, after WWII, the STAAG Mark II twin mount, both of which were much more complex than the Mark V mount. Despite lacking many of the onboard central fire control systems that were present on the previous two mounts, the Mark V mount was liked for its simple design and reliability. Remaining in use well beyond the end of WWII, it's a testament to the gun's effectiveness as an anti-aircraft weapon that it remained in service for so long, hindered only by the arrival of the jet age.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


;Other variants of the Bofors 40 mm gun
* [[Bofors (40 mm) (Family)]]

;Other British 40 mm naval guns
* [[2pdr QF Mk.IIc (40 mm)]]

== External links ==


* [https://www.hnsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/br1919.pdf Historic Naval Ships Association - Handbook for 40 mm BOFORS Twin R.P. 50 Mark 5 Mounting] - Originally ''Handbook for 40 mm BOFORS Twin R.P. 50 Mark 5 Mounting'', Admiralty Naval Ordnance Department, 1950
* [http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_4cm-56_mk12.php#Use_by_Britain NavWeaps - USA Bofors 40 mm L/60 Model 1936]
* [[wikipedia:Bofors_40_mm_gun|[Wikipedia] Bofors 40 mm gun]]

{{Britain naval cannons}}

[[Category:Naval cannons]]

4.5 inch/45 QF Mark V (114 mm)

2023-06-24T22:50:26Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_battle_tobruk}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_daring_class_diana}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_frigate_leopard}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_daring_class_daring}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 1,000 m !! 2,500 m !! 5,000 m !! 7,500 m !! 10,000 m !! 15,000 m
|-
| 4.5 inch HE || HE || 28 || 28 || 28 || 28 || 28 || 28
|-
| 4.5 inch SAP || SAP || 117 || 100 || 77 || 61 || 50 || 41
|-
| 4.5 inch HE-TF || HE-TF || 28 || 28 || 28 || 28 || 28 || 28
|-
| 4.5 inch HE-VT || HE-VT || 28 || 28 || 28 || 28 || 28 || 28
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (s)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 4.5 inch HE || HE || 746 || 24.95 || 0 || 0.1 || 2,320 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 4.5 inch SAP || SAP || 746 || 23 || 0.015 || 5 || 910 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| 4.5 inch HE-TF || HE-TF || 746 || 24.95 || 0 || 0.1 || 2,320 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="12" | Proximity-fused shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Arming distance (m)
! rowspan="2" | Trigger radius (m)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 4.5 inch HE-VT || HE-VT || 746 || 24.95 || 0 || 0.1 || 244 || 23 || 2,320 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain naval cannons}}

[[Category:Naval cannons]]

130 mm/58 SM-2-1 (130 mm)

2023-06-24T22:48:53Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

[[File:SM-2-1 on Project 41 destroyer.png|thumb|x250px|130 mm/58 SM-2-1 on the [[Neustrashimy]]]]
== Description ==

The '''130 mm/58 SM-2-1''' is a Soviet naval cannon.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|ussr_destroyer_pr41_neustrashimy}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_destroyer_pr56_spokoinyy}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_destroyer_pr56_blagorodny}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_destroyer_pr56_bravy}}

== General info ==

The SM-2-1 130 mm weapon system is the Soviet equivalent to the [[5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)|5 inch/38 Mk.12]] weapon system in terms of reliability, calibre, and use. This weapon system is completely new to the WW2 Soviet 130 mm cannons as it features an autoloader, enhanced targeting, and radar capabilities. As already seen in Soviet 130 mm cannons, they are multi-purpose weapon systems with devastating AA capabilities. However, compared to the Mk.12, it has a significantly reduced rate of fire (15 RPM vs 22 RPM) but it counters that with much faster targeting speeds and better cannon elevation angles.

=== Available ammunition ===

The SM-2-1 has access to three types of ammunition: OF-42 HE, PB-42 SAP and ZS-42R HE-VT. The OF-42 offers a very potent destructive effect against lightly armoured targets and a superior HE filler than the ZS-42R HE-VT. However, as most HE shells, it barely has the penetration to counter armour (just 37 mm of penetration at all ranges and angles). The PB-42 SAP offers a midpoint between APCBC and HE shells as it has a decent explosive filler with sufficient armour penetration (203 mm flat at 1,000 m). This round should be the main round utilized when fighting all type of ships due to the armour penetration. Lastly, the ZS-42R HE-VT round offers a superb explosive filler for AA purposes but is almost half of the explosive filler of the OF-42 HE. Since it has a proximity fuse, engaging aircraft is much easier.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 1,000 m !! 2,500 m !! 5,000 m !! 7,500 m !! 10,000 m !! 15,000 m
|-
| 130 mm OF-42 HE || HE || 37 || 37 || 37 || 37 || 37 || 37
|-
| 130 mm PB-42 SAP || SAPCBC || 204 || 174 || 134 || 104 || 82 || 57
|-
| 130 mm ZS-42R HE-VT || HE-VT || 35 || 35 || 35 || 35 || 35 || 35
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (s)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (kg)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 130 mm OF-42 HE || HE || 950 || 33.4 || 0 || 0.1 || 3.83 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 130 mm PB-42 SAP || SAPCBC || 950 || 33.4 || 0.04 || 5 || 2.21 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="12" | Proximity-fused shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (s)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Arming distance (m)
! rowspan="2" | Trigger radius (m)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (kg)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 130 mm ZS-42R HE-VT || HE-VT || 955 || 33.08 || 0 || 0.1 || 240 || 16 || 3 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

The SM-2-1 has a better handling in general than B-13s, to be expected from a much modern weapon system.

* Compared to [[5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)]] - As previously discussed, both systems, while very similar, have many differences, primarily the targeting speed and rate of fire. The SM-2-1 is able to hold a firing for longer with much better performing ammunition. While the 5 inch AAVT Mk.31 has a slightly better explosive filler than the ZS-42R (3.22 kg vs 3 kg) it has a huge speed reduction (792 m/s vs 955 m/s) making it much harder to aim and hit aircraft. The benefit of the SM-2-1 over the Mk.12 while doing AA duties is the elevation angle (-10°/+35° vs -15°/+82°).

* Compared to [[4.5 inch/45 QF Mark V (114 mm)]] - The 4.5 inch Mark V is the closest system to the SM-2-1. While it has a faster rate of fire (20 RPM vs 15 RPM) it has slightly reduced targeting speed (17°/s vs 18°/s). In terms of ammunition they are pretty much the same when it comes to type of ammunition, but the SM-2-1 has overall better performing ammunition due to the increased calibre.

* Compared to [[4.7 inch/45 Mk.XII (120 mm)]] - As expected from a Cold War weapon system fighting to a WW2 one, the SM-2-1 has a superb performance over it in all aspects. Different from the other systems, the SM-2-1 now has a better rate of fire (15 RPM vs 12 RPM).

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR naval cannons}}

[[Category:Naval cannons]]

RBU-2500

2023-06-24T22:48:42Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

[[File:RBU-2500 on Project 159.png|thumb|x250px|RBU-2500 on the [[SKR-1]]]]

== Description ==

The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is a Soviet anti-submarine rocket launcher with sixteen rockets in two rows of eight barrels.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|ussr_destroyer_pr56_blagorodny}}
* {{Specs-Link|germ_skr_pr50_karl_marx}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_destroyer_pr41_neustrashimy}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_skr_pr50plo_rosomacha}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_skr_pr159}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_destroyer_pr56_bravy}}

== General info ==

The RBU-2500 launcher system can fire up to 48 x 213 mm rockets, each containing a depth charge. The rockets are fired in rapid succession, creating a barrage of depth charges that can quickly neutralize an enemy submarine. The launchers are typically mounted on the foredeck of a ship and are controlled by an operator who uses a sighting system to aim the rockets at the target.

=== Effective damage ===
''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of bomb (high explosive, splash damage, etc)''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe situations when you would utilize this bomb in game (vehicle, pillbox, base, etc.)''

=== Pros and cons ===


Pros:

* Fires a barrage of up to 12 rockets carrying depth charges that can quickly destroy a vessel

Cons:

* Unguided rockets limit the precision of the weapon
* Can only be fired in a straight line, making it less effective against manoeuvrable targets
* The launcher system is relatively large and heavy, which can limit its deployment on smaller vessels

== History ==

The RBU-2500, also known as the Smerch-3, is a Soviet-made anti-submarine rocket launcher system that was developed in the late 1970s. The system was designed to replace the earlier [[RBU-1200]] system and was widely used by the Soviet Navy during the Cold War era. The RBU-2500 was widely deployed on Soviet naval vessels during the Cold War and was also exported to other countries. Today, it remains in service with the Russian Navy and other navies around the world.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[RKU-36U mortar]]
* [[RBU-1200]]
* [[RBU-6000]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Naval special armaments}}

[[Category:Naval special armaments]]

53-65 (533 mm)

2023-06-24T22:48:31Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

45 mm/89 SM-20-ZIF (45 mm)

2023-06-24T22:47:29Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

[[File:SM-20-ZIF on Project 56 destroyer.png|thumb|x250px|45 mm/89 SM-20-ZIF on the [[Spokoinyy]]]]

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|ussr_destroyer_pr56_blagorodny}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_destroyer_pr41_neustrashimy}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_cruiser_shcherbakov}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_destroyer_pr56_spokoinyy}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_destroyer_pr56_bravy}}

== General info ==

The 45 mm/89 SM-20-ZIF weapon system is a unique multi-purpose system mounted on the [[Spokoinyy]] and [[Neustrashimy]] Cold War destroyers. It is essentially the up-calibred equivalent to the 40 mm Bofors autocannon seen in the vast majority of American vessels and modern German vessels and the 2pdr QF autocannons mounted on British vessels. The enhanced platform it is mounted on gives a substantial upgrade to targeting speeds. They are unique 45 mm multi-purpose systems that excel at AA duties and destruction of light armour.

=== Available ammunition ===

The SM-20-ZIF has access to a single set of ammunition: HEF and HEF-T*. While HEF only, these rounds prove a significant challenge for lightly armoured targets. The fast rate of fire (~120 RPM per cannon, ~480 RPM per turret) poses a significant threat for anyone in range. It not only can cripple external modules like funnels, turrets, bridge and the like but it will reduce the crew count at an impressively fast rate at close ranges. It does not have access to AP-T or HE-VT like its 40 mm counterparts.
* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|HEF|High-explosive fragmentation}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-T*|High-explosive fragmentation tracer (self destroying)}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Shell
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 100 m !! 1,000 m !! 2,000 m !! 3,000 m !! 4,000 m !! 5,000 m
|-
| HEF || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4
|-
| HEF-T || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| HEF || 1,080 || 1.41 || 0 || 0.1 || 83.16 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| HEF-T || 1,080 || 1.41 || 0 || 0.1 || 92.4 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

[[40 mm/70 MEL58 (40 mm)|40 mm/70 MEL58]] - Despite the fact the SM-20-ZIF has a higher calibre, the uses and performance per gun are not significantly different. Both share a fairly similar rate of fire (~120 RPM vs ~300 RPM) in proportion to calibre. However, when both are set on their respective mounts, a clear difference in performance emerges, especially when comparing their respective platforms. The SM-20-ZIF are mounted in a quad-cannon turret with 4 turrets per ship while the MEL58 are mounted in a double-cannon turret with 2 turrets per ship. This results in a cumulative fire rate of 1,920 RPM for SM-20-ZIF while the MEL58 can fire 1,200 RPM. The SM-20-ZIF nearly doubles the amount of RPM. While it is harder to aim and to perform against aircraft due to the lack of HE-VT*, the amount of rounds the SM-20-ZIF can put in the air makes the chances of hitting the target more likely than using HE-VT*, as well as being cover a far wider area instead of a focused spot in the air.

[[2pdr QF Mk.VIII (40 mm)|2pdr QF Mk.VIII]] - It is pretty much straight forward that the SM-20-ZIF has overall better performance as a Cold War weapon system compared to a WW2 weapon system. While this is true, the fact it the 2pdr can carry and use AP ammunition compared to the HEF restricted belt makes a significant change in uses as the 2pdr is able to pierce thicker armour at the cost of explosive filler.

[[Bofors L/60 Mark 2 (40 mm)|Bofors L/60 Mark 2]] - While all the Bofors generally stay the same (with exception of the MEL58 that has an increased fire rate), the Mark 2 is the closest counterpart to the SM-20-ZIF as this is a quad mount. Performance-wise, nothing that hasn't been discussed before in terms of ammunition, targeting and rate of fire. While close to what the SM-20-ZIF is able to achieve (~150 RPM per gun, ~2,400 RPM mounted in 4 turrets), the higher calibre makes a tough competitor against the Mark 2 series only as it is a quad mount.

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR naval cannons}}

[[Category:Naval cannons]]

EMC mine

2023-06-24T22:45:02Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

G7a (533 mm)

2023-06-24T22:44:45Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

[[File:G7a_(533_mm).png|thumbnail|right|x250px|]]

== Description ==

The '''533 mm G7a''' is a standard-issued torpedo of Germany's Kriegsmarine. The G7a and its variants were widely used throughout the World War II and can be found on almost every Kriegsmarine bluewater ships in the game.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Motor torpedo boats'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_type152_hugin}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_type140_jaguar}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_rboot_r301}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_vs10_hydrofoil}}

{{Navigation-Line|S-Boote}}{{Specs-Link|germ_s38}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_s38b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_s_100_s_174_class}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_s_100_class}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_s_100_s204_lang}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_s_700_s_701}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Motor torpedo gun boats'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_mz_1}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Sub-chasers'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_escort_typem1943}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Destroyers'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1924_jaguar1941}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1924_leopard1932}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1924_iltis}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1934a_1940}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1934a_1944}}
{{Navigation-Line| }}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1936_z20}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1936_z20_karlgalster}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1936a_z25}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1936a_mob_z32}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1936b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1936c_z46}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1936c_z47}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1939_t22}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1939_t31}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Light cruisers'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_cruiser_emden_1944}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_cruiser_karlsruhe}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_cruiser_koln}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_cruiser_nurnberg}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Heavy cruisers'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_cruiser_admiral_graf_spee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_cruiser_admiral_hipper}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_cruiser_prinz_eugen}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Battlecruisers'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_battleship_scharnhorst}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==

The G7a is filled with 358.4 kg of TNT equivalent. The torpedo can travel up to 6 km at 81 km/h in normal mode, and 14 km at 56 km/h with "Torpedo Mode" modification.

=== Effective damage ===

The G7a's warhead is able to hull break any destroyer-sized ship with a single hit, while it can cause considerable damage to cruisers depending on where it hits.

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of torpedoes that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==

The G7a is a basic run-off-the-mill torpedo with decent overall performance. The warhead of ~360 kg can pose a threat against most of the targets short of some capital ships. However, it suffers from its polar opposite performances with and without the "Torpedo Mode" modification installed, which can cause it to be less effective in certain maps.

Without the "Torpedo Mode" modification installed, the G7a has a high travel speed of 81 km/h, which allows it to be effectively used as an ambush and close range weapon, albeit its limited range of 6 km renders it useless in open maps. On the other hand, the installed modification significantly increases the range to 14 km at the cost of reducing its top speed to only 56 km/h, making it a good area denial weapon in open maps, but performing terribly at close-quarters combat.

For coastal vessels, it is always recommended not to install the "Torpedo Mode" modification, as the 6 km range is still sufficient for a smaller boat. For bluewater ships, the usage of the "Torpedo Mode" modification depends on the playstyle of each ship and how you can take the most advantage out of it.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Sizeable warhead of ~360 kg TNT equivalent can deal a considerable damage against enemy ships
* Fast travel speed when not equipped with torpedo mode, long range when equipped

'''Cons:'''

* Average performance compared to its contempolaries
* Short range without torpedo mode, equipping the modification will significantly reduce its travel speed

== History ==


German Torpedoes manufactured prior to the end of World War II were designated as to their diameter, length and propulsion. Modifications were usually, but not always, denoted by T numbers. Length was to the nearest meter. For example, the designation G7a meant that the torpedo was 53.3 cm (21") in diameter, was about 7 m long and had a wet heater motor.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Letter !! Diameter !! Suffix !! Propulsion
|-
| F || 45 cm || D || Dampftorpedo (wet heater, World War I)
|-
| G || 50 or 53.3 cm || a || Air/steam (wet heater, World War II)
|-
| H || 60 cm || e || Electric
|-
| J || 70 cm || u || Hydrogen peroxide
|-
| M || 75 cm || ||
|}

This torpedo is using SW39a explosive. Number indicating year of adaption. It was composed of TNT, Hexinit (HND), Ammonium Nitrate and Aluminum. Content of aluminum powder was increased from previous versions (SW36 and SW39) to increase shock wave.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the weapon;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Torpedoes}}

[[Category:Naval special armaments]]

2 cm/65 C/38 (20 mm)

2023-06-24T22:42:04Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

[[File:MG C38.png|thumbnail|right|x250px|The 2 cm/65 C/38 on the S-38.]]
== Description ==

The '''2 cm/65 C/38''' is a German WWII light naval anti-aircraft cannon found on many minesweepers, motor torpedo boats, destroyers, and cruisers in the German naval tech tree. It is an improved version of [[2 cm/65 C/30 (20 mm)]], which can be found on many German naval vessels, often together with the C/38. A twin mount (designated '''Flakzwilling 38''') and a quadruple mount (designated '''Flakvierling 38''') were also developed.

Two army versions, [[FlaK 38 (20 mm)]] and [[KwK38 (20 mm)]], can be found on some German SPAA and early light tanks, respectively.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Motor torpedo boats'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_rboot_r301}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_s38}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_s38b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_s_100_class}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_s_100_s_174_class}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_s_100_s204_lang}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_s_700_s_701}}
{{Navigation-Line| }}{{Specs-Link|it_a1_vosper}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Motor gun boats'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_rdm242}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Motor torpedo gun boats'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_mz_1}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Barges'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_artilleriefahrprahm_typ_d1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_artilleriefahrprahm_typ_d3}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Anti-air ferries'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_sf40_schwere_flakkampffaehre}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_sf40_leichte_flakkampffaehre}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Sub-chasers'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_escort_typem1935}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_escort_typem1943}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Frigates'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_kanonenboot_k2}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Destroyers'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1924_leopard1932}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1924_iltis}}
{{Navigation-Line|}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1934a_1940}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1934a_1944}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1936_z20_karlgalster}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1936_z20}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1936a_z25}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1936a_mob_z32}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1936b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1936c_z46}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1936c_z47}}
{{Navigation-Line|}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1939_t22}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1939_t31}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Light cruisers'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_cruiser_emden_1944}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_cruiser_leipzig}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_cruiser_nurnberg}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Heavy cruisers'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_cruiser_admiral_hipper}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_cruiser_prinz_eugen}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Battlecruisers'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_battleship_scharnhorst}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==

The 2 cm/65 C/38 has a barrel diameter of 20 mm, a barrel length of 1.3 m, and weighs 57.5 kg. It has a magazine size of 40 rounds and has a rate of fire of 480 rounds per minute. The Flakzwilling mount has an increased rate of fire of 500 rpm per gun.

=== Available ammunition ===

Depending on the vehicle, there are up to three belts available. Note that Default and Universal refer to the same belt, depending on the vehicle.

* '''Default/Universal:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-T|High-explosive fragmentation tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF|High-explosive fragmentation}}
* '''20 mm HET magazines:''' {{Annotation|HEF|High-explosive fragmentation}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-T|High-explosive fragmentation tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF|High-explosive fragmentation}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}
* '''20 mm APT magazines:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF|High-explosive fragmentation}}

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|HEF-T, AP, AP-T, HEF}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

Compared to other 20 mm guns within the German naval tree:

* [[MG 151/20 (20 mm)]]: MG 151/20 has a larger belt size (600 rounds) and a much greater rate of fire (700 rpm); but it has a weaker AP shell (25 mmm max penetration) with a slower muzzle velocity (705 m/s), and it can overheat if fired for too long.

* [[2 cm/65 C/30 (20 mm)]]: The predecessor of C/38, it has a smaller magazine size (20 rounds) and has a lower rate of fire (312 rpm). The same ammunition is used.

Common 20 mm guns in other nations include:

* [[Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)]]: 20 mm Oerlikon Mk.II, and its derivatives, have a larger magazine (60 rounds) and have a greater muzzle velocity (844 m/s); but they have a lower rate of fire (450 rpm), and fire a weaker AP shell (40 mm max penetration) and a weaker HE shell (6.525 g TNT equivalence).

* [[Type 98 (20 mm)]]: 20 mm Type 98 has a greater muzzle velocity (844 m/s); but has a smaller magazine (20 rounds), has a lower rate of fire (300 rpm), and fires a weaker AP shell (40 mm max penetration) and a weaker HE shell (6.171 kg TNT equivalence).

== Usage in battles ==

The 2 cm/65 C/38 has a very large TNT equivalent explosive mass compared to other guns of similar calibre. While the C/30 can struggle to destroy enemy boats with one magazine, thanks to the increased magazine size, the C/38 has no problems in this aspect. This, combined with the greater rate of fire over the C/30, lets the C/38 be even more effective weapon against enemy boats.

However, the 2 cm/65 C/38 is held back by its effective range of approximately 2 km using the 20 mm HET belt. This can be slightly increased to approximately 2.3 km using the 20 mm APT belt, although even so, hitting moving targets at such ranges can be difficult. Boats armed with 2 cm/65 C/38 should instead aim to close the distance and overwhelm enemy boats with their firepower.

The effective range of the 2 cm/65 C/38 is approximately 2 km with the 20 mm HET belt, though if using the 20 mm APT belt, the effect range can be increased to roughly 2.3 km. Even so, hitting moving targets at such ranges can be difficult because of the relatively low muzzle velocity and the small mass of the rounds. Boats armed with 2 cm/65 C/38 should aim to close the distance where they can overwhelm enemy boats with their firepower.

The primary belt choice for this gun should be the 20 mm HET belt since it contains the highest HE:AP ratio. Several 20 APT belts should also be taken to deal with armoured targets, primarily USSR armoured river patrol boats. For destroyers and cruisers armed with 2 cm/65 C/38, if the option is available, only take 20 mm HET, since the main guns can handle any armoured targets much better.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''
* Very high explosive mass
* Above average AP penetration
* High rate of fire

'''Cons:'''
* Below average muzzle velocity

== History ==

Development began in 1938 for a replacement for the Flak 30, an army version of the 2 cm/65 C/30 after issues arose in its slow rate of fire and small ammunition magazine size. Rheinmetall began production of the new gun, Flak 38, in 1939, with it entering service the same year. In 1940, a naval version, 2 cm/65 C/38, entered production and service in the Kriegsmarine, where it would replace the older 2 cm/65 C/30.

The 2 cm/65 C/38 had the same dimensions as its predecessor, with a bore diameter of 20 mm and a barrel length of 1.3 m, while also managing to be 6.5 kg lighter at 57.7 kg total weight. Like the 2 cm/65 C/30, the gun was fully automatic and recoil-operated, and it fired the same ammunition: a HE round that weighed 0.134 kg and had a muzzle velocity of 835 m/s; and an AP round that weighed 0.148 kg and had a muzzle velocity of 800 m/s. The barrel was also of a monobloc design and could be easily removed and replaced. However, unlike its predecessor, 2 cm/65 C/38 was fed with 40-round magazines, as opposed to the 20-round magazines of the C/30, and had a cyclic rate of fire of 480 rounds per minute and an effective rate of fire of 220 rounds per minute, a noticeable improvement over the 280 rounds per minute cyclic and 120 rounds per minute effective of the C/30.

Available for the gun were three mounts: L/30, L41, LM44U. L/30 was the standard single mount for the 2 cm/65 C/38. It weighed 416 kg with the gun and was manually operated, able to depress -11° and elevate +85°. At its base was a small ammunition storage for up to five magazines, which would be manually loaded by the crew into the left side of the gun. On the right side was a bag which would catch spent casings. L41 was a single mount designed for use in the comparatively confined spaces of S-Boote. It weighed 500 kg, could only depress to -10°, and traversed with the use of a hand crank. LM44U was a special twin mount which weighed 3,600 kg total and was designed to withstand up to 200 m depths for use on submarines. The mount could depress -10° and elevate +78°. It was driven by hydraulic devices and could train at a rate of 30°/s and could elevate at a rate of 30°/s or 60°/s, set by the operator who also fired the guns using two foot pedals, one for each gun.

A highly successful configuration of the 2 cm/65 C/38 was the 2 cm Flakvierling C/38, which consisted of four guns in a quadruple mount, arrange 28 cm apart vertically and 67.4 cm apart horizontally. The Flakvierling C/38 was manually operated with two hand cranks, one for training and one for elevation, by an operator who said directly behind the guns and fired them using two foot pedals. The right-hand side guns were arranged upside-down such that ammunition would be loaded in from the right-hand side. Ammunition was manually loaded into all of the guns from each side by the crew from ammunition racks at the base and spent casings fell down the middle into a receptacle. There were versions produced with and without the gun shield. For the Flakvierling C/38, two mounts were available: L/38 and L38/43. L/38 weighed 2,150 kg with the guns, and it could depress -10° and elevate +90°; L38/43, designed in 1943 and introduced in 1944, was a 3-D stabilized L/38 mount.

The 2 cm/65 C/38 was a highly successful gun and became the standard light anti-aircraft cannon of the Kriegsmarine upon its introduction in 1940, with it being mounted on nearly every ship.

== Media ==

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:C38.png|The 2 cm/65 C/38 on the Z22 Anton Schmitt
File:Flakzwilling38.png|The Flakzwilling 38 on the R-boot R-301
File:Flakvierling38.png|The Flakvierling 38 on S-100 (1944)
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[2 cm/65 C/30 (20 mm)]]
* [[20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)]]

== External links ==


* [https://www.lonesentry.com/ordnance/2010/09/12/2-cm-flak-38-a-a-a-t-gun/ <nowiki>[Lone Sentry]</nowiki> 2 cm Flak 38: A.A./A.T. Gun] - Originally published as ''Catalog of Enemy Ordnance Material'', United States Office of the Chief of Ordnance, 1945, p. 136
* [http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNGER_20mm-65_c30.php <nowiki>[NavWeaps]</nowiki> 2 cm/65 (0.79") C/30 and C/38 AA MG]
* [[wikipedia:2_cm_Flak_30,_Flak_38_and_Flakvierling_38|[Wikipedia] 2 cm Flak 30, Flak 38 and Flakvierling 38]]

{{Germany naval cannons}}
{{Italy naval cannons}}

[[Category:Naval cannons]]

FlaK-Lafette C/36 (37 mm)

2023-06-24T22:40:58Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

[[File:37mm FlaK-Lafette C36.png|x250px|thumb|The 37 mm FlaK-Lafette C/36 on the SF40 Light.]]
== Description ==

The '''3.7 cm FlaK-Lafette C/36''' is a German WWII automatic anti-aircraft cannon and is the naval version of the [[FlaK36 (37 mm)]]. They can be found in either single or twin mounts on several torpedo boats, destroyers, and cruisers in the German tech tree, the twin mounts being designated '''FlaK-Lafette LM/42'''.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Motor torpedo boats'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_s_100_class}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_s_100_s204_lang}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_s_700_s_701}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Motor gun boats'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_rboot_r130}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Motor torpedo gun boats'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_mz_1}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Sub-chasers'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_escort_typem1943}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Destroyers'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1934a_1944}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1936_z20_karlgalster}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1936a_z25}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1936c_z46}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1936c_z47}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Light cruisers'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_cruiser_nurnberg}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==

The 3.7 cm FlaK-Lafette C/36 has a barrel diameter of 37 mm, a barrel length of 2.560 m, and weighs 109 kg. The gun is clip-fed with five-round clips and can fire at a rate of 250 rounds per minute.

=== Available ammunition ===

Depending on the vehicle, there are up to three belts available. Note that Default and Universal refer to the same belt, depending on the vehicle. The HEF-I round is a tracer.

* '''Default/Universal:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}
* '''37 mm HE clips:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''37 mm APT clips:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}

{{notice|Not all belts listed are available on all vehicles equipped with this weapon.}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| HEF-I || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3
|-
| AP-T || 67 || 64 || 53 || 42 || 33 || 26
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="9" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| HEF-I || 845 || 0.62 || 0 || 0.1 || 44.03 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| AP-T || 815 || 0.7 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

The only other German gun of similar calibre is the [[3.7 cm SK C/30 (37 mm)]]. Although the 3.7 cm SK C/30 fires heavier and harder-hitting shells, it is a single-shot gun and has a much longer reload. The 3.7 cm FlaK-Lafette C/36 can fire about eight rounds per barrel in the roughly 2-second time period it takes the 3.7 cm SK C/30 to fire and reload one. This makes it generally superior in anti-aircraft work and against boats.

Common guns roughly of the same calibre in other nations include:

* [[2pdr QF Mk.IIc (40 mm)]]: QF 2pdr guns, and their derivatives, fire stronger HE (0.071 kg TNT equivalence) and have access to HE-DF rounds (in the case of [[40 mm/62 "HI" Type 91 AA (40 mm)]]); but they have a slower muzzle velocity (701 m/s), have a slower a rate of fire (200 rpm), generally have a longer reload, and have weaker AP rounds (42 mm max penetration)

* [[Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (40 mm)]]: Bofors L/60 guns, and their derivatives, fire stronger AP rounds (69 mm max penetration) and HE rounds (0.0986 kg TNT equivalence), have a faster muzzle velocity (881 m/s); but they have a slower rate of fire (156 rpm), have a smaller magazine size (4 rounds), and can overheat/jam after approximately 50 rounds have been fired.

* [[70-K (37 mm)]]: 37 mm 70-K guns fire stronger HE rounds (0.05698 kg TNT equivalence), have a faster muzzle velocity (880 m/s), and don't require reloading until 500 rounds have been fired; but they have a slower rate of fire (150 rpm), generally have a longer reload, and can overheat/jam after approximately 70 rounds have been fired.

== Usage in battles ==

Although the 3.7 cm FlaK-Lafette C/36 has a clip size of only five rounds, the reload is generally so short that it can practically fire continuously. At the same time, unlike other similar guns, the 3.7 cm FlaK-Lafette C/36 cannot be overheated/jammed if fired for too long, which lets it sustain its virtually continuous fire as long as ammunition is available.

The 37 mm HE clip should be the primary choice for both surface and air targets, since it contains the highest HE:AP ratio. On smaller boats armed with the 3.7 cm FlaK-Lafette C/36, some 37 mm APT clips should be taken for dealing with armoured targets. On destroyers and cruisers though, if the choice is available, only the 37 mm HE clip should be taken, since armoured targets can be handled by the main guns.

If taking multiple different ammunition choices and the 3.7 cm FlaK-Lafette C/36 is not the main gun, make sure that the AI gunners fire the 37 mm HE clip so that they are better suited for AA work. Load the 37 mm HE clip first. If 37 mm APT clips are manually loaded, don't forget to switch back to the 37 mm HE clip before switching control away from the armament group.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''
* Very quick reload
* No overheat/jamming

'''Cons:'''
* Low explosive filler

== History ==

The 3.7 cm/69 Flak M42 was designed in 1942 by Rheinmetall-Borsig and entered production and service in late 1943. They were a naval version of the 3.7 cm/57 Flak 36 with a longer 69 calibre barrel. The 3.7 cm Flak M42 had a bore diameter of 37 mm (1.5 in), was 2.560 m (8 ft, 4.8 in) long and weighed 109 kg (240 lbs). The automatics of the gun were driven by a mechanical bolt that operated with the recoil of the gun. The gun had a monobloc, air-cooled barrel design that could be replaced. The 3.7 cm Flak M42 was top-loaded through an ammunition hopper, similar to the operation of the Bofors L/60 gun, and could fire as long as the hopper was filled. The ammunition was manually loaded with five-found ammunition clips, with 0.640 kg high-explosive rounds, 0.635 kg high-explosive tracer rounds, and 0.700 kg armour-piercing rounds available.

The 3.7 cm Flak M42 could either be mounted in single or twin mounts, the latter of which were designated 3.7 cm Flak LM42 and weighed 1.33 tons total. Both mounts included a gun shield and were manually trained and operated. They were used throughout the Kriegsmarine as a successor to the 3.7 cm/83 SK C/30 and were mounted as light ant-aircraft weapons on many destroyers, submarines, and minesweepers. For use on submarines, they were designated 3.7 cm Flak M42U and 3.7 cm Flak LM42U for single and twin mounts, respectively.

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:37mm FlaK-Lafette C36 twin.png|Twin mount on the [[Nürnberg]]
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[SK C/30 (37 mm)]]
* [[Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (40 mm)]]

== External links ==


* [http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNGER_37mm-69_mk42.php NavWeaps - 3.7 cm/69 (1.5") Flak M42]
* [[wikipedia:3.7_cm_Flak_M42|[Wikipedia] 3.7 cm Flak M42]]

{{Germany naval cannons}}

[[Category:Naval cannons]]

SK C/41 (128 mm)

2023-06-24T22:39:52Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

Browning (7.62 mm)

2023-06-24T22:37:38Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

== Description ==

The '''7.62 mm Browning''' is an aircraft machine gun used on a large variety of American aircraft. Based on the [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|M1919A4]] variant of the machine gun, the aircraft version saw modifications to the design to keep weight at a minimum, such as a thinner barrel and receiver walls. The official terminology of the aircraft version of the Browning was .30 AN/M2 (not to be confused with the [[AN-M2 (12.7 mm)|.50 AN/M2]]) and its elongated designation was Browning Machine Gun, Cal. .30, M2, Aircraft.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Fighters'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|BF2C-1}}{{Specs-Link|bf2c_1}}
{{Navigation-Line|CW-21}}{{Specs-Link|cw_21}}
{{Navigation-Line|F2A}}{{Specs-Link|f2a-1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f2a-1_thach}}
{{Navigation-Line|F3F}}{{Specs-Link|f3f-2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f3f-2_galer}}
{{Navigation-Line|Hawk}}{{Specs-Link|hawk_iii}}
{{Navigation-Line|P-26}}{{Specs-Link|p-26a_33}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-26a_34}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-26a_34_m2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-26b_35}}
{{Navigation-Line|P-36}}{{Specs-Link|p-36a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-36a_rasmussen}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-36c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-36c_rb}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-36g}}
{{Navigation-Line|P-39}}{{Specs-Link|p-39k_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-39n}}
{{Navigation-Line|P-40}}{{Specs-Link|p-40c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-40c_china}}
{{Navigation-Line|P-66}}{{Specs-Link|p-66}}
{{Navigation-Line|P-400}}{{Specs-Link|p-400}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Twin-engine fighters'''}}{{Specs-Link|xf5f}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|yp-38}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Strike aircraft'''}}{{Specs-Link|v_11g}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|v_12d}} (Defensive)

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Bombers'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|A-29}}{{Specs-Link|a_29_hudson}}
{{Navigation-Line|B-10}}{{Specs-Link|b_10b}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|B-17}}{{Specs-Link|b-17e}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|b-17e_japan}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|b-17e_late}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|B-18}}{{Specs-Link|b_18a}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|B-34}}{{Specs-Link|b_34}}
{{Navigation-Line|Martin 139}}{{Specs-Link|martin_139wc}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|OS2U}}{{Specs-Link|os2u_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|os2u_3}}
{{Navigation-Line|PBY-5}}{{Specs-Link|pby-5}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|pby-5a}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|pby-5a_ussr}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|pby-5a_raf}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|SB2C}}{{Specs-Link|sb2c_1c}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|sb2c_4}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|sb2c_5_france}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|SBD-3}}{{Specs-Link|sbd-3}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|SOC-1}}{{Specs-Link|soc_1}}
{{Navigation-Line|TBD-1}}{{Specs-Link|tbd-1_1938}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|TBF-1}}{{Specs-Link|tbf-1c}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|avenger_mk1}} (Defensive)

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Attack helicopters'''}}{{Specs-Link|h_34}} (Suspended){{-}}{{Specs-Link|h_34_france}} (Suspended)

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==

This machine gun is one of the most well-rounded plane-mounted rifle-calibre machine guns. Though not as deadly as its 12.7 mm sibling, this weapon is still a good asset in destroying your enemies with its characteristically large ammo reserve and high rate of fire. The accuracy of this gun is also to be admired, as it can still reliably hit a well-aimed shot at 700 metres of distance. The configuration of the firearm also allows it to be synchronized with a propeller, making the fuselage-mounted version very stable. The gun however is very limited by its calibre, with its AP rounds lacking in destructive power.

=== Available ammunition ===


* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|T|Tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|Ball|Omni-purpose}}{{-}}{{Annotation|Ball|Omni-purpose}}{{-}}{{Annotation|Ball|Omni-purpose}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|Incendiary}}
* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|T|Tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|Incendiary}}
* '''Tracers:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|T|Tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|T|Tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|T|Tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|T|Tracer}}
* '''Stealth:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|Incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|Incendiary}}
* '''Default (turret):''' {{Annotation|T|Tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|Ball|Omni-purpose}}{{-}}{{Annotation|Ball|Omni-purpose}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|Incendiary}}
* '''Armoured targets (turret):''' {{Annotation|T|Tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|Incendiary}}

The Browning is equipped with a relatively basic set of belts, however (unlike on the British variants of this machine gun) the Tracer belt is not made up of incendiary rounds, making Stealth or Universal the superior option. It is recommended to research the belts for this weapon as soon as possible on fighters, as the default belt is mostly made up of the highly ineffective ball round which can leave the impression of shooting blanks.

=== Comparison with analogues ===

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="7" |Comparable machine guns to Browning (7.62 mm)
|-
!
!Name
!Year of Creation
!Mass
!Rounds Per Minute
!Ammunition
!Feed Type
|-
|▃
|[[Browning (7.62 mm)]]
|1919
|14 kg
|1,000 RPM
|7.62 x 63 mm
|Belt
|-
|▅
|[[Type 92 navy (7.7 mm)]]
|1932
|8 kg
|600 RPM
|7.7 x 56 mm R
|Drum
|-
|▄
|[[Darne 1933 (7.5 mm)]]
|1916
|8.4 kg
|1,350 RPM
|7.5 x 54 mm MAS
|Belt
|-
|▄
|[[Breda-SAFAT (7.7 mm)]]
|1935
|12.5 kg
|900 RPM
|7.7 x 56 mm R
|Belt
|-
|▀
|[[MG 17 (7.92 mm)]]
|1934
|10.2 kg
|1,200 RPM
|7.92 x 57 mm
|Belt
|-
|▂
|[[ShKAS (7.62 mm)]]
|1932
|10.5 kg
|1,800 RPM
|7.62 x 54 mm R
|Belt
|-
|▄
|[[MAC 1934 (7.5 mm)]]
|1934
|10.7 kg
|1,350 RPM
|7.5 x 54 mm MAS
|Belt/Magazine
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The classic Browning machine gun is the most used rifle-calibre machine gun in War Thunder, with its FN-produced variations being used across many other nations. This desirability originates from its stable gun platform, high rate of fire and its widely adaptable nature. In combat this gun marks the exact middle of the road between individual bullet strength (for rifle-calibre rounds that is) and rate of fire, with it being a jack of all trades but a master of none. This makes the gun very versatile, being effective in various playstyles and situations. The outstanding feature of the gun is however the incendiary round, which is able to send even the toughest opponents into a burning descent. This round is however quite rarely used in the US ammunition belts, making it relatively weaker compared to its British counterpart. The gun is well-rounded for low-tier combat situations, with its large ammo count making it very forgiving to use. The gun does not jam very fast, however it is recommended to not overestimate this resistance and keep to firing medium bursts with minor intervals to let the guns cool down.

For fighters, its primary use is in destroying other fighters which at lower ranks have insufficient armour to stop it. You are most effective when aiming for the fuselage, as engine ignition and pilot-sniping are often faster than trying to rip off a wing. Bombers and rear-turreted strike aircraft are significantly harder to strike down because the lack of incendiary rounds can really hurt your performance and rear-turrets can pose a real threat if manually aimed by the enemy pilot.

The turreted version however is less effective, and needs precise aiming to be effective. It is only effective if aimed straight into a vital part of a plane and is usually ineffective beyond a range of 500 metres. It can take down planes if you play your cards well, but do not expect too much of its small calibre. Extensive usage is not recommended, as it leaves you flying in a straight line; wisely time your bursts so you won't hit any obstacle or get shot down.

It however is out-shined by its 12.7 mm M2 counterpart, which although lacking in rate of fire has per-bullet power that the Browning cannot match. It also lacks any effectiveness against tanks, whose armour will block all your rounds. Even very light roof armour effectively denies all damage, so the only vulnerable ground targets are SPGs, open-topped Tank Destroyers and unaware SPAA vehicles. This last target is however not recommended as most SPAA have the means to easily take you down.

Generally the Browning is a good machine gun to start learning to aim with, as it displays no large difference with any other gun of its calibre. It combines all aspects which make a good machine gun and turns it into a well-rounded and versatile option to learn the ropes with.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fast rate of fire
* High ammo count
* Able to destroy many of the early tier planes which are faced

'''Cons:'''

* Unable to penetrate tanks
* Little power compared to [[M2 Browning (12.7 mm)]] and other high calibre machine guns
* Ball ammo in the default belt is rather ineffective

== History ==

The Browning Machine Gun, Cal .30, M2, Aircraft as it was designated is an aircraft variant of the [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|Browning M1919A4]]. Starting out as a water-cooled machine gun used by the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I, legendary gunsmith John Moses Browning, who designed the M1917, first built the air-cooled M1919 for use on tanks. With the aid of Fabrique Nationale de Herstal, a Belgian based firearms company, Browning's design was re-designed to arm American aircraft. Using the M1919A4 model as a base, the new .30 M2/AN was a widely adopted fixed and flexible machine gun. To reduce weight, the receiver wall and operating mechanism was made thinner and the barrel was also made lighter and thinner due to the natural air-cooling that operating an aircraft at high speeds would provide. The M2/AN was two-thirds the weight of the original M1919A4 as a result of the modifications while the lighter mechanism increased the rate of fire to 1,200-1,500 rpm compared to the M1919's 400-600 rpm. The higher rate of fire was required due the high speed opponents the gun would be used to shoot down. In the flexible configuration, the Browning was used in a twin mount configuration offering a combined cyclic rate of 2,400 rpm. The Brownings were used on both Army and Navy aircraft during World War II (hence the AN designation for the two services), but they were withdrawn starting in 1943 due to being obsolete against modern aircraft. As an aircraft machine gun, it was noted for wounding Japanese flying ace Saburō Sakai when he attempted to attack 8 [[SBD-3]] Dauntless dive bombers from behind.

An interesting footnote in the M2/AN's history is the M2 "Stinger" modification. First seeing use during the Bougainville Campaign in 1943, the "Stinger" were salvaged aircraft Brownings with bi-pods mounted that were later more extensively modified with a custom trigger, the buttstock from a M1 Garand rifle, and the bi-pod and rear sights of a M1918 BAR machine gun. The Marines would use this modification throughout the Pacific and it was at one recommended to replace the BAR, but the war ended shortly after. Marine Corporal Tony Stein received a posthumous Medal of Honor for his actions with a "Stinger" on Iwo Jima in 1945.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Aircraft machine guns}}

[[Category:Aircraft machine guns]]

M61A1 (20 mm)

2023-06-24T22:31:17Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

== Description ==

The '''20 mm M61A1''' is an American rotary cannon used in their jet aircraft. Renowned for its high rate of fire, the [[M61 (20 mm)|M61]] became the standard gun armament for American jet aircraft for many years since its adoption. The M61A1 is an improvement over the original M61 with a new linkless feeding mechanism that reduced malfunctions due to the extreme rate of fire. It would be designated as the '''JM61A1''' in Japanese service, and a version powered by its own exhaust gases rather than an aircraft-mounted hydraulic motor, typically used as an external gun pod, was designated the '''GAU-4'''.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Jet fighters'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|F-1}}{{Specs-Link|f1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|t2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|t2_early}}
{{Navigation-Line|F-4}}{{Specs-Link|f-4c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-4e}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-4ej}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-4ej_adtw}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-4ej_kai}}
{{Navigation-Line| }}{{Specs-Link|f-4f}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-4f_late}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-4k}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-4m_fgr2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-4jk}}
{{Navigation-Line| }}{{Specs-Link|f-4e_iaf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-4e_kurnass_2000}}
{{Navigation-Line|F-14}}{{Specs-Link|f_14a_early}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f_14b}}
{{Navigation-Line|F-16}}{{Specs-Link|f_16a_block_10}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f_16a_block_10_iaf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f_16a_block_15_adf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f_16a_block_15_adf_italy}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f_16a_block_20_mlu}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f_16aj}}
{{Navigation-Line|F-104}}{{Specs-Link|f-104a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-104a_china}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-104c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-104g}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-104g_china}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-104g_italy}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-104j}}
{{Navigation-Line|}}{{Specs-Link|f-104s}} (Suspended){{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-104s_cb}} (Suspended){{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-104s_asa}} (Suspended)
{{Navigation-Line|Kfir}}{{Specs-Link|kfir_canard}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|kfir_c2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|kfir_c7}}
{{Navigation-Line|Nesher}}{{Specs-Link|nesher}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Strike aircraft'''}}{{Specs-Link|a_10a_early}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-105d}}
{{Navigation-Line|Corsair II}}{{Specs-Link|a_7d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a_7e}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a_7k}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==

The 20 mm M61A1 can bring an unprecedented amount of firepower to any jets equipped with it. At almost 6,000 rounds per minute, the weapon can very easily tear apart both air and ground target. The high rate of fire also ensures that in the event one round hits the target, multiple will also be landed in the same area.

Planes can be easily destroyed with the contact of one 20 mm shell, not mentioning the very rapid follow-up hits the M61A1 can deliver with a single burst. Ground targets up to light pillboxes are also easily destroyed by the 20 mm shells.

=== Available ammunition ===

;M61A1 (+ GAU-4)
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}
* '''Air targets:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}
* '''Armored targets:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}
* '''Stealth:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}

;JM61A1 (+ GAU-4)
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}
* '''Armored targets:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}
* '''Air targets:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}
* '''Stealth:''' {{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| AP-I || 40 || 36 || 22 || 12 || 6 || 3
|-
| API-T || 40 || 36 || 22 || 12 || 6 || 3
|-
| HEF-I || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="9" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| AP-I || 1,030 || 0.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 56° || 65°
|-
| API-T || 1,030 || 0.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| HEF-I || 1,030 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 0.1 || 16 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

The most comparable weapon to the M61A1, aside from other M61A1 variants, is the Soviet [[GSh-6-30 (30 mm)|30 mm GSh-6-30]].

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Blisteringly high rate of fire at 6,000 RPM
* Accurate even through prolonged bursts
* Can fire off close to 1,100 rounds continuously in one burst before jamming
* API rounds can destroy MBTs if striking at a high enough angle
* Incredibly high muzzle velocity rounds, requiring little lead on the targets
* HE rounds are devastating when struck

'''Cons:'''

* Doesn't shoot instantly; it has a short spool up time before rounds start flying which may lead to missed shots in a short firing windows

== History ==

[[File:Crocker-Wheeler Electric Gatling gun.png|x220px|right|thumb|none|An artist rendition of an electrically driven Gatling gun in US Navy service, the source of inspiration for the eventual M61 Vulcan.]]
The United States after World War II recognize the need of improving the firepower on their aircraft, with single-barrel armament having a limit on how high the fire rate can go. Col. Rene R. Studler, head of the US Army Ordnance Research and Development Service, Small Arms Branch, looked into the matter in 1945 on possible ways to improve aircraft firepower.<ref name="Gatling-Epilogue">Wahl et al. 1965, 156-164</ref> The Gatling gun, invented by Richard Jordan Gatling in 1862,<ref name="Gatling-Concept">Wahl et al. 1965, 13-14</ref> was visited by Studler as a potential answer, with the Gatling gun being shown capable of being externally powered by an electric motor in 1890 and capable of reaching a fire rate 3,000 rounds per minute (RPM) in 1893.<ref name="Gatling-Electric">Wahl et al. 1965, 121-129</ref> As such, Studler recommended further looks into a Gatling type weapon as an aircraft armament. The follow-up investigation into the feasibility was performed by Col. Melvin M. Johnson who managed to procure a 1883 Gatling gun and fit it with an electric motor drive that allowed a fire rate of 5,800 RPM. Johnson soon sent a report of his results and recommended the use of a multi-barrel weapon with an external power source as the basis of the new aircraft armament.
[[File:GE_M61_Vulcan_Luftwaffenmuseum_Denis_Apel.jpg|left|thumb|x350px|none|A M61 Vulcan on display at the Luftwaffe museum at Berlin-Gatow.]]

The research and development into the next aircraft armament design was designated "Project Vulcan". In June 1946, the United States Air Force and Army Ordnance gave a contract to the General Electric Company,<ref name="FAS-M61">Pike et al. 2000</ref> with the specifications for a weapon in .60 caliber (~15 mm), with between 5 to 10 barrels, weighing less than 100 lbs (~45 kg) per barrel, not exceed 80 inches (~203 cm) in length, and with a minimum RPM of 1,000. General Electric delivered the first gun, designated ''T45'', as model "A" in April 1949, which was capable of firing up to 4,000 RPM. The design was refined that by the Summer of 1950 it was capable of reaching 5,000 RPM and later up to 6,000 RPM. Ten T-45 model "A" guns were produced and extensive tests were placed onto the guns to demonstrate feasibility and reliability. By December 1950, the work on T-45 progressed into the development of model "C", of which 33 were made in three different calibers: .60 caliber, 20 mm, and 27 mm. These were tested between Army Ordnance and Air Force and the 20 mm gun version, designated ''T171'', was selected for further testing. 27 units of T171 were produced and delivered for follow-up tests and met or exceeded specifications by having six barrels, weighed about 50 lbs per barrel (total weight around 290-300 lbs), had an overall length of 72 inches, and had a rate of fire up to 6,000 RPM. The 20 mm T171 was tested within a [[F-104A|Lockheed F-104]] and was first test-fired in 1953.<ref name="F16-M61">F-16.net n.d.</ref> In 1956, the 20 mm T171 gun was standardized under the full name '''M61, 20 mm. Vulcan Aircraft Gun.'''<ref name="Gatling-Epilogue" /><ref name="FAS-M61" />

The M61 was powered by either hydraulics, ram-air turbine, or a electric motor to allow compatibility with any aircraft. A multi-barrel rotary cannon, the rotation of the barrels work to strip a cartridge from the belt, fire it, then eject it within a barrel's single rotation. This rotation ensures that only one barrel is firing at a time, which helps improve the individual barrel life span. The M61 barrel life is around 15,000 rounds, while the gun overall was 100,000 rounds, with maintenance overhauls expected at around 45,000 rounds.<ref name="Gatling-Epilogue" /> The weapon's only noticeable downsides in its design was the high consumption of ammunition associated with its rate of fire and the 0.3 second of spool time required for the M61 to reach its full rate of fire to begin firing.<ref name="F16-M61" />
[[File:M61 Vulcan PGU-27-AB-20-102mm linked ammunition.jpg|right|x250px|thumb|none|The linked 20x102 mm training shells for the M61 Vulcan.]]

The original M61 was fed by linked 20 mm shells. However, the high rate of fire caused issues with the links that caused malfunctions during the feeding of the gun. The M61 ejection also caused issue as the large number of shell casings and links can present the risk foreign object damage to the fast-moving jet's engine. These issues were resolved with the development of a linkless feeding system, with ammo moved into a conveyer belt that feeds the gun. Some installation of this feeding system can also attach a second conveyer belt moving the spent casings back into the ammo storage area so that they do not need to be ejected. The M61 with this new feeding system was designated the [[M61A1 (20 mm)|M61A1]] and became the primary version of the Vulcan.<ref name="F16-M61" />

The M61 and M61A1 would initially serve as the main gun armament of most of the United States Air Force interceptors such as the F-104, [[F-105D|F-105]], and F-106. However, as the Vietnam War raged showed the value that a gun armament has on aerial combat, the M61 proliferated and aircraft not originally using the cannon were either modified to accept the M61 cannon in the fuselage or mounted externally in gun pods. Today, many of the "teen-series" of fighter jets in use by the US Air Force and Navy has the M61 or its variants as their main gun armament.<ref name="FAS-M61" /><ref name="F16-M61" />

;JM61A1
Japan, constitutionally forbidden from having a military after World War II, did not have much of a domestic aircraft industry to call upon when regional politics in Asia persuaded the United States to allow Japan a local defense force guard their home islands. Thus the nascent Japanese Air Self-Defense Force relied primarily on the United States as a source of aircraft in its early years with the first aircraft being imported and knock-down kits of the North American [[F-86F-30 (Japan)|F-86F-30]]. However, it was not long before Mitsubishi Heavy Industries began licensed production of the F-86 series, but the relationship between the United States and Japan remained strong and Japan continued licensing American aircraft designs including the cannons.

In 1967, Japan adopted the [[F-104J]], a licensed production of the American F-104 Starfighter and included license production of the M61 Vulcan the Starfighter was equipped with. The [[JM61 (20 mm)|JM61]] was thus entered production in Japan and the JM61A1 began production with the [[F-4EJ Phantom II]] in 1971. As Japan continued to both license American designs such as the the F-15 Eagle (as the F-15J) or the F-16 Fighting Falcon (As the Mitsubishi F-2) and produce their own designs like [[T-2]] and [[F-1]] they would continue to the JM61A1 as their cannon of choice into the twenty-first century.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[JM61 (20 mm)]] - Japanese variant of the predecessor M61
* [[M168 (20 mm)]] - Ground variant for anti-aircraft duties

== External links ==

=== References ===

;Citations:
<references />

;Bibliography:

* <nowiki>F-16.net</nowiki>. n.d. "M61 A1 Vulcan: 20mm gatling gun system." Accessed January 06, 2022. [https://www.f-16.net/f-16_armament_article5.html Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220107030333/https://www.f-16.net/f-16_armament_article5.html Archive])
* Pike, John and Robert Sherman. 2000. "GAU-4 20mm Vulcan M61A1/M61A2 20mm Automatic Gun." FAS Military Analysis Network. Last modified April 23, 2000. [https://man.fas.org/dod-101/sys/ac/equip/m61.htm Webpage] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220107030147/https://man.fas.org/dod-101/sys/ac/equip/m61.htm Archive]).
* Wahl, Paul and Don Toppel. 1965. ''The Gatling Gun''. New York: Arco Publishing Company Inc.

{{USA aircraft cannons}}
{{Germany aircraft cannons}}
{{Britain aircraft cannons}}
{{Japan aircraft cannons}}
{{China aircraft cannons}}
{{Italy aircraft cannons}}
{{Israel aircraft cannons}}

[[Category:Aircraft cannons]]

FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)

2023-06-24T20:32:34Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

[[File:FN MAG 60-40.png|x280px|thumb|right|The FN MAG 60-40 on top of the AUBL/74 HVG turret]]

== Description ==


The '''FN MAG 60-40''' is a Belgian 7.62 mm General Purpose Machine Gun. At present the FN MAG is only found on a couple of high rank vehicles, however a number of its derivatives ([[L8A1 (7.62 mm)|L8A1]], [[L8A2 (7.62 mm)|L8A2]], [[L37A1 (7.62 mm)|L37A1]], [[L37A2 (7.62 mm)|L37A2]], [[M240 (7.62 mm)|M240]]) appear on vehicles in-game usually performing the same or similar to it. Being only a 7.62 mm machine gun it is largely ineffective against all but the most weakly armoured, or open cabin, vehicles.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Light tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|it_aubl_74_60_70m}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_c13_t90}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_marder_df_105}}
{{Navigation-Line|TAM}}{{Specs-Link|germ_thyssen_henschel_tam}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_thyssen_henschel_tam_2c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_thyssen_henschel_tam_2ip}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Medium tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|uk_vickers_mbt_mk_3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sw_leopard_2a6nl}}
{{Navigation-Line|Sho't}}{{Specs-Link|il_centurion_shot_kal_d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_centurion_shot_kal_d}}
{{Navigation-Line|Magach}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_3_idf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6m}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6b_gal}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6b_gal_batash}}
{{Navigation-Line|Merkava}}{{Specs-Link|us_merkava_mk_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_merkava_mk_1b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_merkava_mk_2b_early}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_merkava_mk_2b_late}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_merkava_mk_2d}}
{{Navigation-Line|}}{{Specs-Link|il_merkava_mk_3b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_merkava_mk_3c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_merkava_mk_3d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_merkava_mk_4b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_merkava_mk_4m}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_merkava_mk_4_lic}}
{{Navigation-Line|OF-40}}{{Specs-Link|it_of_40_mk_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_of_40_mtca}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_of_40_mk_2a}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==

The FN MAG 60-40, like its derivatives, is a fairly standard 7.62 mm machine gun.

=== Available ammunition ===

Like most of its derivatives, the FN MAG 60-40 can only be equipped with one ammo belt consisting of two Armour-piercing (AP) bullets, followed by one Tracer (T) bullet. Neither bullet has much penetration, however the AP bullets perform much better than the tracer bullet.

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|T|Tracer}}

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|AP, T}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

The FN MAG 60-40 performs identically to the [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)]] and [[L8A2 (7.62 mm)]], but has a slightly lower rate of fire (600 rpm vs 650 rpm) than the [[L37A1 (7.62 mm)]] and [[L37A2 (7.62 mm)]]. It also has a lower rate of fire (600 rpm vs 750 rpm) than the [[M240 (7.62 mm)]], but gets a slightly better ammo belt consisting of 2/3 AP bullets instead of 1/2 AP. Compared to wartime machine guns like the [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)]] and [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)]] the FN MAG 60-40 has a better rate of fire.

== Usage in battles ==

Due to the very low penetration this weapon is largely ineffective against enemy armour (although you may be able to penetrate some vehicles with extremely thin armour). The gun is primarily useful for incapacitating exposed crew members in open topped vehicles (although there are few such vehicles at the battle ratings this gun is found at). The gun can also be used for ranging on some vehicles, as well as marking enemy vehicles and obscuring the view of enemy players (shooting at their gun sight). You can use the gun against aircraft however it does minimal damage, and being co-axially mounted on most tanks can often not be brought / kept on target against aircraft. Clearing trees and bushes is another use.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''
* Better rate of fire than [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|L3A1]] and other allied WW2 machine guns
* Slightly better ammo belt than [[M240 (7.62 mm)|M240]]

'''Cons:'''
* Lower rate of fire than [[L37A1 (7.62 mm)|L37A1]], [[L37A2 (7.62 mm)|L37A2]] and [[M240 (7.62 mm)|M240]]
* Low penetration makes it ineffective against armour
* Low damage

== History ==

The FN MAG 60-40 is a Belgian General Purpose Machine Gun (GPMG) chambering the 7.62×51 mm NATO round. The weapon is made by the Fabrique Nationale Herstal company and its name is an abbreviation for Fabrique Nationale Mitrailleuse d'Appui Général or Fabrique Nationale General Support Machine Gun. Following WW2, Fabrique Nationale set about creating a new GPMG. Development of the MAG began in the early 1950s under the supervision of chief weapon designer Ernest Vervier, and was completed in 1957. The weapon took heavy inspiration from the German [[MG 42 (7.92 mm)]] and American M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle.

The FN MAG entered service with the Belgian and British (under the designation L7) armed forces in 1958. Despite facing competition from the German [[MG 3A1 (7.62 mm)|MG 3]] and American [[M60D (7.62 mm)|M60]] the FN MAG (and variants of it) rapidly became widely adopted by many western armies. Eventually, after the failure of the [[M73 (7.62 mm)|M73]] machine gun, America also adopted the FN MAG under the designation [[M240 (7.62 mm)|M240]].

The FN MAG 60-40 is a variant of the FN-MAG designed for use on armoured vehicles. It has the stock and bipod removed, among other changes.

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Weapon FN MAG 60-40 7.62mm.jpg|The FN MAG 60-40 on the Sho't Kal Dalet (Great Britain)
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|rFmPZIm2Hk8|'''FN MAG: Best of the Western GPMGs''' - ''Forgotten Weapons''}}

== See also ==

* [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)]]
* [[L8A2 (7.62 mm)]]
* [[L37A1 (7.62 mm)]]
* [[L37A2 (7.62 mm)]]
* [[M240 (7.62 mm)]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:FN_MAG|[Wikipedia] FN MAG]]
* [http://www.military-today.com/firearms/fn_mag.htm Military-Today - FN MAG General purpose machine gun]

{{Tank machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]

Sharir (105 mm)

2023-06-24T20:30:28Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

M3 (75 mm)

2023-06-24T20:27:16Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

{{About
| about = tank cannon '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = M3 (Disambiguation)
}}
[[File:Weapon M3 (75 mm).png|thumb|x250px|The M3 (75 mm) on the M4A1 gun mantlet.]]
== Description ==

The '''75 mm M3''' gun is an American tank cannon used in World War II. It is most well known for being the main cannon armament of the [[M4_Sherman_(Family)|M4 Sherman]] medium tank prior to its transition to the [[M1 (76 mm)|76 mm M1 gun]].

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Medium tanks'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4_sherman_calliope}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_sherman_75_37}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sw_sherman_3_4}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4A1}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a1_1942_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_sherman_II}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m4a1_76w_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m4a1_sherman}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4A2}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a2_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a2_1944_germ}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4A4}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m4a4_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m4a4_sherman_1st_ptg}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m4a4_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m4a4_sherman}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Heavy tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_t14}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_churchill_na75}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4A3E2}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo_cobra_king}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Tank destroyers'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_m8a1}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==

The 75 mm M3 gun in tanks such as the M4 Sherman boast a good mix between muzzle velocity and armour-piercing power around Rank II matches. A good amount of explosive filler in the M61 shell ammunition also allow penetrations to devastate the interiors of enemy tanks, to the point that a good placement of the ammunition can reliably destroy enemy targets in one shot.

A variety of shells allow the 75 mm M3 to stay competitive even in instances where the AP and APCBC round will have trouble, such as the T45 APCR ammunition and the M89 smoke shell.

=== Available ammunition ===


{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|M72 shot, M48 shell, M61 shot, T45 shot, M89}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==

The 75 mm M3 provides a good mix between armour-piercing power and rate of fire for players, and so it is best if the 75 mm M3 has a crew with maximum loading skill to maintain a high rate of fire against the enemies. The explosive filler of the M61 shell is also sufficient to incapacitate enemy tanks quickly with a shell penetration, especially if the gun is fired at the enemy's side armour, so it is best to employ the vehicle mounting the 75 mm M3 in a manner where the player can attack the enemy's sides, making use of the rate of fire to methodically pick the enemies off one-by-one.

Even in events when the 75 mm M3 AP and APCBC rounds are not sufficient against an enemy at close encounters, such as when using the [[M4A3E2]] and fighting [[Panther D|Panther tanks]], the 75 mm M3 in higher ranking vehicles could have the T45 APCR rounds available for use. These APCR rounds if used properly can provide the necessary firepower advantage to use the 75 mm M3 gun to attack through the enemy's armour.

The 75 mm M3 gun also comes with a HE shell, which can be useful against thin-skinned enemy vehicles such as certain tank destroyers and SPAAGs. The gun, in select vehicles, can also come with a M89 smoke shell to allow a player to make a smoke screen if no such devices are installed in the tank itself.

The 75 mm M3's flaws come at longer ranges. A noticeable shell drop can be spotted when fighting at long distances, which would require careful aiming of the range to not shoot too high or low on the target. It certainly is possible to fight enemies at a long range with the 75 mm M3, but the gun handling would be disadvantageous when compared to a tank with a higher-velocity cannon. Knowing the range an enemy is at can negate this disadvantage slightly, but a larger lead would be necessary if the enemy is moving at the farther range, let alone if the enemy employs evasive manoeuvres.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good penetrating M61 round in lower ranks, especially when its explosive filler can lead to potential knock-outs
* Access to smoke rounds
* Higher ranked vehicles with this gun have access to high-penetrating APCR rounds

'''Cons:'''

* Noticeable shell drop when fighting at long-ranges

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[M2 (75 mm)]] - Preceding variant with a shorter barrel.
* [[M6 (75 mm)]] - Lightweight variant for light tanks, with a longer reload time.

== External links ==


* [http://www.theshermantank.com/about/sherman-lee-and-variants-gun-data/75mm-m3-gun-information/ <nowiki>[The Sherman Tank Site]</nowiki> 75MM M3 Gun Information Page]

{{USA tank cannons}}
{{Germany tank cannons}}
{{Britain tank cannons}}
{{China tank cannons}}
{{Italy tank cannons}}
{{France tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

Oerlikon KBA B02 (25 mm)

2023-06-24T20:23:34Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

Beretta MG42/59 (7.62 mm)

2023-06-24T20:23:06Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

[[File:Beretta MG42-59.png|thumb|550px|The Beretta MG42/59 inside of the AUBL/74 turret]]

== Description ==

The '''7.62 mm Beretta MG42/59''' is a general purpose Italian machine gun. It is basically an [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|MG3A1]] that is produced by Italians.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Light tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|it_fiat_6616_cockerill}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_aubl_74_60_70m}}
{{Navigation-Line| }}{{Specs-Link|it_b1_centauro}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_b1_centauro_romor}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_vrcc_centauro}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_centauro_mgs_120}}
{{Navigation-Line| }}{{Specs-Link|it_dardo_vcc}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_vcc_80_hitfist_30}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_vcc_80_hitfist_60}}
{{Navigation-Line| }}{{Specs-Link|it_vbc_pt2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_freccia}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Medium tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|it_c1_ariete_preserie}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_c1_ariete}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_c1_ariete_pso}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_ariete_amv_pt1}}
{{Navigation-Line| }}{{Specs-Link|it_leopard_1a5}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===


* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|T|Tracer}}

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|AP, T}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

* [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)]] - Being a copy of the MG3A1, the MG42/59 shares identical characteristics and performance.

== Usage in battles ==

The Beretta MG42/59 can't penetrate any vehicles that it might encounter unless it is open-topped. If you use it to shoot down planes, you will do very little damage even if you hit critical modules.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''
* Fast rate of fire
* Large belt capacity

'''Cons:'''
* Useless against armour

== History ==

The German [[MG42 (7.92 mm)|MG42]] machine gun's characteristics of a high rate of fire, quick-change barrel system, roller-locked mechanism, and cheap stamped construction made it an attractive weapon for analysis in the post World War II environment.<ref name="OspreyMG34_construction">McNab 2012, pg 18</ref> The large surplus of weapons from the defeated Nazi Germany's stockpiles left many weapons available for the taking, which saw the MG42 and [[MG34 (7.92 mm)|MG34]] see use in far reaches of the globe.<ref name="OspreyMG34_users">McNab 2012, pg 69</ref> When time came to re-arm in the Cold War period, German Bundeswehr requested the MG42 to take the stand once more as the German's universal machine gun. However, due to the destroyed documentation to produce the weapon, Rheinmetall reverse-engineered existing MG42s and, with modifications to use the standardized 7.62x51 mm NATO rounds, issued the weapon as ''MG1'' in 1959. A modification of the ''MG1A2'' variant with heavier bolt for a lower firing rate and ability to feed from the United States' M13 belt link led to the now prominent ''[[MG3 (7.62 mm)|MG3]]'' machine gun, which began to see use in 1963.<ref name="OspreyMG34_MG3">McNab 2012, pg. 22-24</ref> Rheinmetall's machine guns would see use in many countries across the world eager for their hand on a modern universal machine gun.
[[File:IVECO - OTO Melara Centauro B1 close up.jpg|right|x250px|thumb|none|A [[Centauro]] crew with a pintle-mounted MG42/59.]]

{{notice|Rheinmetall marketed their MG1 machine gun commercially as the ''MG42/59'', this is not to be confused with the Italian license-produced version.<ref name="OspreyMG34_MG3"/>}}

Italy, during the post-war period, were also interested in a universal machine gun. This led to the Italians having Beretta license-produce the MG3 as the '''MG42/59''' machine gun. The Italians, keeping with the weapon's nature as a universal machine gun, used the MG42/59 in an infantry, armoured, aircraft, and naval role for its service. Although recently the Italian army had made considerations to change over to the Belgium FN Minimi as their next squad automatic weapon, the Italian company ''Stabilimento Militare Armi Leggere Terni'' (SMALT) had offered a kit to convert existing MG42/59 machine guns to chamber the 5.56x45 mm NATO round for the role.<ref name="OspreyMG34_Italy">McNab 2012, pg 25</ref>

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Weapon Beretta MG 42-59 (7.62 mm).png|Beretta MG 42/59 machine gun mounted on the Ariete (P) tank
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[MG34 (7.92 mm)]] - The machine gun before the creation of the MG42.
* [[MG42 (7.92 mm)]] - The original machine gun that used the 7.92×57 mm Mauser round.
* [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)]] - Post-war modernization for the 7.62×51 mm NATO round.
* [[Ksp 94 (7.62 mm)]] - Swedish variant.

== External links ==


=== References ===
;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography:
* McNab, Chris. ''MG 34 and MG 42 Machine Guns''. Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2012.

{{Tank machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]

Type 54 (12.7 mm)

2023-06-24T20:20:44Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

Type 86 (7.62 mm)

2023-06-24T20:20:29Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

{{About
| about = Chinese machine gun '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Type 86 (Disambiguation)
}}
[[File:Type 86.png|x280px|thumb|right|The Type 86 inside the WMA 301 turret]]

== Description ==

The '''7.62 mm Type 86''' is a Chinese coaxial machine gun found in many modern day People's Liberation Army vehicles. In-game, it performs similarly to the [[PKT (7.62 mm)|PKT]] in rate of fire, ballistics, and general performance.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|cn_ptl_02}}
* {{Specs-Link|cn_qn506}}
* {{Specs-Link|cn_wma_301}}
* {{Specs-Link|cn_ztz_88b}}
* {{Specs-Link|cn_ztz_96}}
* {{Specs-Link|cn_ztz_96a}}
* {{Specs-Link|cn_ztz_96a_prot}}
* {{Specs-Link|cn_ztz_99}}
* {{Specs-Link|cn_ztz_99_w}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==

The Type 86 is modified version of the 7.62 mm Type 80 machine gun for use in armoured vehicles. The original Type 80 machine gun design found its origins with the PKM design captured from Vietnamese troops during the Sino-Vietnamese War. Following this, it was studied, copied, and nearly replaced the Type 67 GPMG, before it was decided to keep the Type 67 in use. All the same, it entered production, and service, in 1983, and is used on many modern People's Liberation Army tanks and armoured vehicles.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Tank machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]

L21A1 (12.7 mm)

2023-06-24T20:15:30Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

{{About
| about = '''{{PAGENAME}}''' machine gun
| usage = the 30 mm autocannon
| link = L21A1 (30 mm)
}}

[[File:L21A1.png|x280px|thumb|right|The L21A1 inside of the Vickers Mk.3 turret]]

== Description ==


The '''L21A1''' is the post-war British designation for the American [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|Browning M2]] .50 cal (12.7 mm) machine gun, when used as a ranging gun on the [[Chieftain (Family)|Chieftain]] series of tanks. In-game the L21A1 is found as a co-axial ranging gun on the [[Vickers MBT]], [[Chieftain Mk 3]] and [[Chieftain Mk 5]]. Despite being a variant of the [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|Browning M2]] it performs significantly differently to the normal version in-game. The rate of fire almost halves, and most notably penetration is lower than that of the tank's [[L37A1 (7.62 mm)]] co-axial machine gun.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===

The L21A1 is only found as a ranging gun on the Vickers MBTs and Chieftain series of tanks, it is not found on the [[Chieftain Mk 10]], as this version of the tank did away with the ranging machine gun. The L21A1 is found on:

* {{Specs-Link|uk_chieftain_mk_3}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_chieftain_mk_5}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_vickers_mbt_mk_1}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_vickers_mbt_mk_3}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_vijayanta}}

== General info ==

The L21A1 is primarily designed as a ranging gun, and therefore has poor ballistic performance (as the rounds it fires are designed to be visible rather than penetrate armour). The rate of fire is also reduced to conserve ammunition as a high rate of fire is not needed for ranging purposes.

=== Available ammunition ===

The L21A1 only has access to one ammunition belt consisting entirely of Adjustment Incendiary (AI) bullets. As these bullets are designed to be visible on impact rather than to penetrate armour they have poor ballistic performance, with a maximum penetration of 7 mm.

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|AI}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

Unlike other tank-mounted machine guns the L21A1 , which are designed primary for anti-infantry, anti-aircraft, or general purpose use; the L21A1 is specialised for range finding. It has worse rate of fire and ballistic performance than most other guns. It is worse in nearly every way (aside from ranging) compared to the [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)]], [[L37A1 (7.62 mm)]] and [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)]], also found on the tanks this weapon is equipped on.

== Usage in battles ==

The L21A1 should be primarily used for range finding as it has poor ballistic performance and rate of fire, making it useless against enemy armour. On the Chieftain series the gun is set up so that the shells from it accurately reflect where the shells from the main gun will land, making it an effective ranging tool. It can also be used, like other machine guns for killing exposed crew members (being a 12.7 mm machine gun it does decent damage when it hits exposed crew) in open topped vehicles (although there are few such vehicles at the battle ratings this gun is found at), marking enemy vehicles and obscuring the view of enemy players (shooting at their gun sight).

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''
* Gun can be accurately used for ranging the main gun on the [[Chieftain Mk 3]] and [[Chieftain Mk 5]]

'''Cons:'''
* Very low rate of fire
* Despite being a 12.7 mm machine gun has less penetration than most light machine guns
* Inferior to the Chieftain's [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)]] and [[L37A1 (7.62 mm)]] machine guns for all purposes other than range finding.

== History ==

{{main|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The L21A1 is the post-war British designation for the American [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|Browning M2]] .50 cal (12.7 mm) machine gun, when used as a ranging gun on the Chieftain series of tanks. The Browning M2 (also called the "M2 Machine Gun" or "Browning .50 Caliber Machine Gun") is a heavy machine gun designed by John Browning toward the end of World War I. The gun was similar to the earlier .30 cal [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|M1919]] machine gun but used the much more powerful .50 BMG cartridge. The M2 entered service in 1933 and saw wide-spread use by the Allies in WW2 as a heavy infantry machine gun, as well as being mounted on aircraft, ships and land vehicles (including extensive use on tanks and armoured cars). The weapon remains in service with a large number of countries (including the US and UK) to this day.

The British designation L21A1 was given to weapons used as a ranging gun on the Chieftain series of tanks. The L21A1 fired tracer rounds with an explosive tip allowing the gunner to track the rounds in the air (tracer was visible up to 2,400 m) and see a visible "splash" where the round impacted. Starting in the 1970s the ranging gun was phased out on newer variants of the Chieftain, in favour of laser rangefinders with a 10 km (6.2 mi) range, which was linked to the Fire Control System (FCS), allowing for quicker and more accurate engagement at longer ranges.

== Media ==
!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' -->

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Weapon L21A1 12.7mm.jpg|The L21A1 on the Chieftain Mk 3
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:M2_Browning|[Wikipedia] M2 Browning]]
* [[wikipedia:Chieftain_(tank)|[Wikipedia] Chieftain (tank)]]

{{Tank machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]

L3A1 (7.62 mm)

2023-06-24T20:15:27Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

L37A1 (7.62 mm)

2023-06-24T20:15:25Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

{{About
| about = British machine gun '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = L37A2 (7.62 mm)
}}
[[File:L37A1.png|x280px|thumb|right|The L37A1 over the Chieftain Mk 10 commander cupola]]

== Description ==


The '''L37A1''' is a British 7.62 mm General Purpose Machine Gun (GPMG), it is an Enfield L7 GPMG with modifications to make it suitable for use as as a turret mounted machine gun on Armoured Fighting Vehicles (AFVs), in game it is found as the turret mounted machine gun for some British Rank 6 tanks. The Enfield L7 GPMG of which the [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)|L8A1]], [[L8A2 (7.62 mm)|L8A2]], L37A1 and [[L37A2 (7.62 mm)|L37A2]] are all variants, is itself a British licence-built version of the Belgian [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|FN MAG]] GPMG. As such the L37A1 performs identically to the [[L37A2 (7.62 mm)|L37A2]] and almost identically (having a slightly higher rate of fire) to the [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|FN MAG]], [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)|L8A1]] and [[L8A2 (7.62 mm)|L8A2]]. Being only a 7.62 mm machine gun it is largely ineffective against all but the most weakly armoured, or open cabin, vehicles.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===

* {{Specs-Link|uk_chieftain_mk_3}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_chieftain_mk_5}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_chieftain_mk_10}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_fv102_striker}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_vijayanta}}

== General info ==

The L37A1 performs identically to the [[L37A2 (7.62 mm)|L37A2]] and has a slightly higher rate of fire than the [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|FN MAG]], [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)|L8A1]] and [[L8A2 (7.62 mm)|L8A2]].

=== Available ammunition ===


Like the L8A1 and L8A2, the L37A1 can only be equipped with one ammo belt. Neither bullet has much penetration (maximum of 13 mm), however the AP bullet performs much better than the tracer bullet.

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|T|Tracer}}

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|AP, T}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

The L37A1 performs identically to the [[L37A2 (7.62 mm)|L37A2]], while having a slightly higher rate of fire than the [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)|L8A1]], [[L8A2 (7.62 mm)|L8A2]] and [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|FN MAG]]. It has the same ballistic performance as the [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|L3A1]] found on previous British Vehicles, but has a higher rate of fire.

== Usage in battles ==

Due to the very low penetration this weapon it is largely ineffective against enemy armour (although you may be able to penetrate some vehicles with extremely thing armour). The gun is primarily useful for killing exposed crew members in open topped vehicles (although there are few such vehicles at the battle ratings this gun is found at). The gun can also be used for marking enemy vehicles and obscuring the view of enemy players (shooting at their gun sight). You can use the gun against aircraft however it does minimal damage.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''
* High rate of fire
* Tracer bullet every 3 rounds helps with aiming

'''Cons:'''
* Low penetration makes it ineffective against armour
* Low damage
* Loses effect over 1,000 m
* Dispersion cone is large at 500 m

== History ==

{{Main|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}
Along with the [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)|L8A1]], [[L8A2 (7.62 mm)|L8A2]] and [[L37A2 (7.62 mm)|L37A2]] the L37A1 is a British License built variant of the Belgian [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|FN MAG]] GPMG. The FN MAG is a Belgian 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun, it was designed in the early 1950s by Ernest Vervier, while working at the weapons company Fabrique Nationale (FN). Between 1956 and 1957 the British armed forces trialled the FN MAG against the american [[M60D (7.62 mm)|M60]], and selected the FN MAG. The MAG was built under license as the L7 GPMG by Enfield in Britain, with minor modifications being made. It entered service under the Designation L7A1 in 1963.

The L37A1 variant was designed for use on pintle mounts near the commanders position on top of tank turrets and other AFVs. Like the [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)|L8A1]] it has the shoulder stock removed, but maintains the original barrel (without fume extractor) and has a modified trigger. The weapon is designed so that infantry can dismount it and use it for self defence if necessary.

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Weapon L37A1 7.62mm.jpg|The L37A1 (7.62 mm) on the Chieftain Mk 3
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)]]
* [[L8A2 (7.62 mm)]]
* [[L37A2 (7.62 mm)]]
* [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:FN_MAG|Wikipedia - FN MAG]]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=206 Military Factory - Enfield L7 General Purpose Machine Gun (GPMG)]

{{Tank machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]

Royal Ordnance L7A1 (105 mm)

2023-06-24T20:11:32Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

{{About
| about = British '''{{PAGENAME}}''' cannon
| usage = variants
| link = L7 (105 mm) (Family)
}}
== Description ==

The '''105 mm Royal Ordnance L7A1''' is a British tank cannon found on early MBTs.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|uk_centurion_mk_10}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_vickers_mbt_mk_1}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_vickers_mbt_mk_3}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_vijayanta}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

QF 2-pounder (40 mm)

2023-06-24T20:10:23Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

[[File:Weapon QF 2-pounder (40 mm).png|thumb|right|x250px|The 40 mm QF 2-pounder on the [[A13 Mk I (3rd R.T.R.)]] gun mantlet.]]

== Description ==


Following the 1935 budget in Britain, the Government decided to standardise the armaments employed by both the Royal Tank Regiment and anti-tank gun companies to be identical. The first tank to utilise this gun was the Cruiser Mk. I (A9) which entered service in 1938. This tank, whilst not in the game, saw service in North Africa and France alongside other tanks such as the A13.

Seeing action during the Phony War and the Retreat to Dunkirk, it was first used on the battlefield by the Belgian Army, however many of the guns that were produced had to be abandoned following the evacuation of Dunkirk. Stockpiles in Britain would eventually be distributed to the Army before they were phased out for the QF 6-pounder, and the remaining guns were sent to Home Guard Anti-tank sections across the United Kingdom.

The gun was proven to show its effectiveness against the early Panzer IIs and Panzer IIIs however it could also pierce elements of the later Panzer IVs until the E variant.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Light tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|uk_daimler_mk_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_a17_mk_1_tetrarch}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_sarc_mk4_a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_marmon_herrington_mk_6_2pdr}}
{{Navigation-Line|A13}}{{Specs-Link|uk_a_13_mk1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_a_13_mk1_3rd_rtr}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_a_13_mk2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_a_13_mk2_1939}}
{{Navigation-Line|Crusader}}{{Specs-Link|uk_crusader_mk_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_crusader_mk_2_the_saint}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_crusader_mk_2}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Medium tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|uk_valentine_mk_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_ac1_sentinel}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Heavy tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|uk_a_22_mk_1_churchill_1941}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_a_12_mk_2_matilda_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_matilda_hedgehog}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===


{{Notice|"Shell Mk.2 HE" can only be found on certain vehicles.}}
{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|Shot Mk.1 AP/T, Shell Mk.2, Shot Mk.IXB APCBC/T, Shot Mk.1 APHV/T, Shell Mk.1 AP/T}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==


The QF 2-pounder has a rapid rate of fire and decent penetration. This makes it the ideal candidate for brawling or flanking manoeuvres. Using the QF 2-pounder for long range fire on enemy tanks is ill-advised: the penetration drops sharply the further away you get, and there are better options in your arsenal, such as the [[QF 17-pounder (76 mm)]]. If you must engage at long range, consider using the Shot Mk.IXB or the Shot Mk.1 APHV/T.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High-penetrating APCBC round
* Quick reload
* Decent muzzle velocity

'''Cons:'''

* Lack of explosive filler on solid shots means multiple shots could be needed to take out a target
* 3 of the 4 available armour-piercing rounds lose penetration very quickly over range
* APHE shell is only useful at very close range and often bounces

== History ==

The gun proved its effectiveness against early Panzer IIs and Panzer IIIs and proved effective even later against more advanced enemies where it could also pierce elements of the Panzer IVs until the E variant arrived to the battlefield.

Examinations of the gun on angled surfaces showed good results in the 1936 tests.<ref>Bird, Lorrin; Lingston, Robert (2001). World War II Ballistics: Armor and Gunnery. Albany, NY USA: Overmatch Press. p. 60</ref>

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


=== References ===
<references />

{{Britain tank cannons}}
{{France tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

Type-62-85-TC (85 mm)

2023-06-24T20:08:01Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

SGMT (7.62 mm)

2023-06-24T20:06:48Z

U123137325:

[[File:SGMT.png|x280px|thumb|right|The SGMT inside the PT-76B turret]]

== Description ==


Originally named SG-43 Goryunov (Russian: Станковый пулемет системы Горюнова, Stankovyy pulemet sistemi Goryunova, meaning "Mounted machinegun, Goryunov design"), this machine gun takes the name '''"SGMT"''' or "Modernized SG tank-mounted" when mounted on a tank ("M" standing for modernized and "T" for tank).

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Light tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|cn_object_211}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_object_685}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_object_906}}
{{Navigation-Line|PT-76}}[[PT-76 (Sweden)]]{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_pt_76b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_pt_76}}
{{Navigation-Line|Type 62}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_62}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_type_62}}
{{Navigation-Line|Type 63}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_63_I}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_zts_63_1980}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Medium tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|cn_object_122tm}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_ztz_88a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_object_435}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-54}}[[T-54 (Sweden)]]{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_54_1947}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_54_1949}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_54_1951}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-55}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_55a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sw_t_55m}}
{{Navigation-Line|Type 59}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_59}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_ztz_59a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_59d}}
{{Navigation-Line|Type 69}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_69}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_69_2a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_69_2g}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Tank destroyers'''}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_asu_85}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_it_1}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==

When World War II started, the Soviet military only had the water-cooled [[Maxim's (7.62 mm)|Maxim M1910]] machine gun at hand as their heavy machine gun.<ref name="IWM_SG43">Imperial War Museum "SG43"</ref> So in 1942, a request was put out for new heavy machine gun for a rifle-calibre cartridge that can be fired in a ground, vehicle, or anti-aircraft mount. The machine gun was also to be able to take either the older canvas belts or the new disintegrating link belts.<ref name="PopenkerSGM">Popenker "Gorjunov SG-43 SGM"</ref>

Development of the machine gun proper started in May 1942 by a team led by P.M.Goryunov. The weapon was sent for trials by May 1943 and was then adopted as the "7.62mm mounted machine gun system Goryunov", or ''SG-43'' for short. The SG-43 was used as such in World War II, mainly with a ground mount that was wheeled and could mount a shield, though there were vehicle mounts as well.<ref name="IWM_SG43"/><ref name="PopenkerSGM"/>
[[File:SGM Goryunov medium machine gun - Right side view.jpeg|right|none|thumb|Right side view of a SGM machine gun.]]

After World War II, the SG-43 was modernized into the '''SGM'''. The SGM modernization featured a longitudinally fluted barrel for weight saving and cooling.<ref name="PopenkerSGM"/> The modernization also implemented a barrel lock that allowed for headspace adjustment. This modernized machine gun was developed into a tank mount as the '''SGMT''', which had a solenoid trigger mounted on its back, and the ''SGMB'', which had special mountings for use on an armored personnel carrier. Some manners of the modernization also were implemented onto the SG-43, such as a dust cover, and these weapons were designated as the ''SG-43M''.<ref name="SmithGuns_SG43">Smith 1969, pg 606-608</ref>

The SGM and its family of weapons continued to see use in the Soviet military until the 1960s, when the [[PKT (7.62 mm)|PK machine guns]] began replacing the SGM due to its role as the Soviet's universal machine gun.<ref name="PopenkerSGM"/> However, the SGM was exported or produced among countries allied or friendly with the Soviets such as East Germany, Poland, Romania, Cuba, Egypt,<ref name="IWM_SG43"/> North Vietnam, and China (which also domestically produces the machine gun as ''Type 58'').<ref name="SmithGuns_SG43Users">Smith 1969, pg 297, 300, 381, 526, 533, 613, 718</ref>

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Weapon SGMT (7.62 mm).png|The SGMT on the ASU-85
</gallery>

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


=== References ===
;Citations:
<references />

;Bibliography:
* Imperial War Museum, "SG43." ''Imperial War Museum'', [https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30029675 Website]. Accessed 25 Mar. 2021.
* Smith, Joseph E. ''Small Arms of the World (9th ed.)''. Stackpole Books, 1969.
* Popenker, Maxim, "Gorjunov SG-43 SGM". ''Modern Firearms'', [https://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/russia-machineguns/sg-43-i-sgm-eng/ Website]. Accessed 25 Mar. 2021.

{{Tank machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]

SGMT (7.62 mm)

2023-06-24T20:04:16Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

[[File:SGMT.png|x280px|thumb|right|The SGMT inside the PT-76B turret]]

== Description ==


Originally named SG-43 Goryunov (Russian: Станковый пулемет системы Горюнова, Stankovyy pulemet sistemi Goryunova, meaning "Mounted machinegun, Goryunov design"), this machine gun takes the name '''"SGMT"''' or "Modernized SG tank-mounted" when mounted on a tank ("M" standing for modernized and "T" for tank).

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Light tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_object_685}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_object_906}}
{{Navigation-Line|PT-76}}[[PT-76 (Sweden)]]{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_pt_76b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_pt_76}}
{{Navigation-Line|Type 62}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_62}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_type_62}}
{{Navigation-Line|Type 63}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_63_I}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_zts_63_1980}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Medium tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|cn_object_122tm}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_ztz_88a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_object_435}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-54}}[[T-54 (Sweden)]]{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_54_1947}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_54_1949}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_54_1951}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-55}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_55a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sw_t_55m}}
{{Navigation-Line|Type 59}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_59}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_ztz_59a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_59d}}
{{Navigation-Line|Type 69}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_69}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_69_2a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_69_2g}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Tank destroyers'''}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_asu_85}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_it_1}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==

When World War II started, the Soviet military only had the water-cooled [[Maxim's (7.62 mm)|Maxim M1910]] machine gun at hand as their heavy machine gun.<ref name="IWM_SG43">Imperial War Museum "SG43"</ref> So in 1942, a request was put out for new heavy machine gun for a rifle-calibre cartridge that can be fired in a ground, vehicle, or anti-aircraft mount. The machine gun was also to be able to take either the older canvas belts or the new disintegrating link belts.<ref name="PopenkerSGM">Popenker "Gorjunov SG-43 SGM"</ref>

Development of the machine gun proper started in May 1942 by a team led by P.M.Goryunov. The weapon was sent for trials by May 1943 and was then adopted as the "7.62mm mounted machine gun system Goryunov", or ''SG-43'' for short. The SG-43 was used as such in World War II, mainly with a ground mount that was wheeled and could mount a shield, though there were vehicle mounts as well.<ref name="IWM_SG43"/><ref name="PopenkerSGM"/>
[[File:SGM Goryunov medium machine gun - Right side view.jpeg|right|none|thumb|Right side view of a SGM machine gun.]]

After World War II, the SG-43 was modernized into the '''SGM'''. The SGM modernization featured a longitudinally fluted barrel for weight saving and cooling.<ref name="PopenkerSGM"/> The modernization also implemented a barrel lock that allowed for headspace adjustment. This modernized machine gun was developed into a tank mount as the '''SGMT''', which had a solenoid trigger mounted on its back, and the ''SGMB'', which had special mountings for use on an armored personnel carrier. Some manners of the modernization also were implemented onto the SG-43, such as a dust cover, and these weapons were designated as the ''SG-43M''.<ref name="SmithGuns_SG43">Smith 1969, pg 606-608</ref>

The SGM and its family of weapons continued to see use in the Soviet military until the 1960s, when the [[PKT (7.62 mm)|PK machine guns]] began replacing the SGM due to its role as the Soviet's universal machine gun.<ref name="PopenkerSGM"/> However, the SGM was exported or produced among countries allied or friendly with the Soviets such as East Germany, Poland, Romania, Cuba, Egypt,<ref name="IWM_SG43"/> North Vietnam, and China (which also domestically produces the machine gun as ''Type 58'').<ref name="SmithGuns_SG43Users">Smith 1969, pg 297, 300, 381, 526, 533, 613, 718</ref>

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Weapon SGMT (7.62 mm).png|The SGMT on the ASU-85
</gallery>

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


=== References ===
;Citations:
<references />

;Bibliography:
* Imperial War Museum, "SG43." ''Imperial War Museum'', [https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30029675 Website]. Accessed 25 Mar. 2021.
* Smith, Joseph E. ''Small Arms of the World (9th ed.)''. Stackpole Books, 1969.
* Popenker, Maxim, "Gorjunov SG-43 SGM". ''Modern Firearms'', [https://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/russia-machineguns/sg-43-i-sgm-eng/ Website]. Accessed 25 Mar. 2021.

{{Tank machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]

KPV (14.5 mm)

2023-06-24T20:02:19Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

[[File:KPVT.png|thumb|x280px|The KPVT on top of the IS-7 turret]]

== Description ==

The '''KPV''' is a Soviet heavy machine gun used as anti-aircraft, tank, or a naval gun.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===

'''Ground vehicles:'''

* {{Specs-Link|ussr_btr_152a}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_is_7}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_object_268}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_object_279}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_object_435}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_su_122_54}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_t_10m}}

'''Naval vessels:'''

* {{Specs-Link|ussr_pr_191m}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_pr_123k}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_pr_123k_hydrofoils}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_pr_1204}}

== General info ==

The 14.5 mm KPVT is one of the heaviest pintle-mounted machine guns in the game. This heavy machine gun with its large calibre and decent rate of fire is close to an autocannon. It has enough damage to fight both heavily armoured aircraft, as well as light cold war tanks.

=== Available ammunition ===


'''Ground vehicles:'''

Ground vehicles that equip the KPVT as an auxiliary machine gun have access to one belt: the "Default" belt. The Default belt has ammo that allows 39 mm of penetration at 10 m. As such, the belt can't be used to effectively engage any heavily armoured tanks, but it can be effective against planes and light tanks.

The [[BTR-152A]] equips KPVT machine guns as its primary armament, so it is provided with a larger selection of belt options: Universal, API-T, and IAI.

Once the API-T is unlocked, the firepower of the KPVT is improved to 49 mm of penetration at 10 meters, which is almost on par with 20 mm autocannons. That said, only one out of four bullets in the belt is capable of penetrating this amount, so sustained fire might be required when penetrating some light armour for the right bullets to make the penetrating damage.

The last unlockable belt is the IAI, which is filled with incendiary bullets which can be beneficial when fighting planes to light them on fire with damage. However, all available belts for the KPVT also are filled with incendiary bullets. With the IAI not having the armour-penetrating power compared to Universal nor API-T, and not having an incendiary advantage compared to the other belts, it may not be recommended to bring the IAI belt into battle.

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I(c)|Armour-piercing incendiary (cermet core)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|IAI|Immediate-action incendiary}}
* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|IAI|Immediate-action incendiary}}
* '''IAI:''' {{Annotation|IAI|Immediate-action incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}
* '''API-T:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I(c)|Armour-piercing incendiary (cermet core)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|IAI|Immediate-action incendiary}}

{{:KPVT (14.5 mm)/Ammunition|AP-I, API-T, IAI, AP-I(c)}}

'''Naval vessels:'''

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|IAI|Immediate-action incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I(c)|Armour-piercing incendiary (cermet core)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|IAI|Immediate-action incendiary}}
* '''IAI:''' {{Annotation|IAI|Immediate-action incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|IAI|Immediate-action incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|IAI|Immediate-action incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}
* '''API-T:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I(c)|Armour-piercing incendiary (cermet core)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|IAI|Immediate-action incendiary}}

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|API-T, IAI, AP-I(c), AP-I}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

The 14.5 mm KPVT is comparable to the 15 mm [[MG_151_(15_mm)|MG 151]], found on the [[Sd.Kfz.251/21]] and [[AMX-50 Foch]], as the latter has around 33-39 mm of armour penetration with HVAP-T and API-T shells. The KPVT still has an advantage over the 15 mm MG 151 in regards to close-range penetration with the use of the API-T belt.

== Usage in battles ==

Since the versatility of KPV, it was seen on types mounts from ZPU mount and KPVT mount for vehicles. The one thing that it does very well is tearing down aircrafts or lighter vehicles with its 14.5x114 mm bullets- its rate of fire and damage makes it very satisfying to be utilized. In dire situations, it can also ruin the gun barrel of enemy tanks thanks to its caliber as well.

Do note that due to the weight of its magazine, it does take a while to reload so it is important not to be trigger-happy with KPVT- and this can also deplete its reserved ammo very quickly.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Decent rate of fire for its calibre
* High muzzle velocity (1,000 m/s)
* Unlockable API-T belt has 45 mm of penetration at close range, can take on lightly armoured vehicles and even some tanks from the side or rear
* Can heavily damage or destroy gun barrels at close range

'''Cons:'''

* Best belt are tracer rounds, will give your location away
* Penetration drastically drops after 100 m

== History ==

Although first designated as an infantry weapon (PKP) when it was developed in 1944, the KPV (Krupnokaliberniy Pulemyot Vladimirova; Vladimir large-calibre machine gun) was deemed way too heavy for infantry and was then put onto mounts under the designation ZPU (anti-aircraft mount) or vehicles as KPVT. Since the introduction of KPV, it has been sold or given licenses to be manufactured in different nations. The 14.5x114 mm bullet is lethal even at 8 km distance and has very high muzzle energy (at 31 kJ, almost twice as [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|M2HB]]), making it a viable option for long-range suppressions or gunning down hidden snipers along with their covers.

It is also a favoured weapon for insurgents where they can put a twin-mount onto pick-up trucks and convert them into what's known as "technical".

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Weapon KPVT (14.5 mm).png|image of one of two KPVT machine guns mounted on the IS-7
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[MG 151 (15 mm)|MG 151]]
* [[MG M38(t) (15 mm)|MG M38(t)]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR anti-aircraft guns}}
{{Tank machine guns}}
{{Naval machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]
[[Category:Anti-aircraft guns]]
[[Category:Naval machine guns]]

U-5TS (115 mm)

2023-06-24T20:01:30Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

[[File:Weapon U-5TS (115 mm).png|thumb|right|x250px|The 115 mm U-5TS on the T-62M-1 gun mantlet.]]

== Description ==

The '''115 mm U-5TS''' is a Soviet tank cannon utilized for the [[T-62]] tank series. The weapon is characterized as having a smoothbore barrel and a two-plane stabilizer. Upon its introduction with the T-62 in [[Update 1.61 "Road to Glory"]], the U-5TS was the first smoothbore barrel tank cannon put into the game.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|ussr_object_435}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_t_62}}
* {{Specs-Link|cn_t_62}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_t_62m1}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|3BK15M, 3BM4, 3OF27, 3BM3, 9M117, 3BK4, 3BM21, 3OF11, 3BM28}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

In 1952, there were considerations among the Soviet tank development bureaus to begin developing a new tank to replace the T-54 in Soviet service. This was finalized in 09 September 1952 in Resolution No.4169-1631 for the development of the "New Medium Tank".<ref name="Kinnear_2021(14)">Kinnear et al. 2021, 14</ref> The development focus lay in a new 100 mm D-54T gun developed by F.F. Petrov. Though attempts were made to fit the D-54T tank gun into the [[T-54 (1951)|T-54]] chassis, the gun's ammunition proved too large to be easily loaded within the turret.

The tank development project would be contested between Leonid N. Kartsev's project "Object 140" from Nizhny Tagil and Alexandr A Morozov's project "Object 430" from Kharkov. Kartsev's design would be cancelled in favor of Object 430, but continued development with a tank to use as many T-54/55 components and a larger turret culminated into the "Object 165". During this development, reports of a 100 mm T-12 smoothbore anti-tank gun showed the effectiveness of a smoothbore design. Kartsev consulted with F.F. Petrov on the feasibility of modifying the 100 mm D-54T into a smoothbore weapon. Upon finding the modification feasible without compromising the gun barrel's integrity, the 100 mm bored out into a 115 mm smoothbore gun. The weapon would be designated '''115 mm U-5TS''' under the project name "Molot" for "Hammer".<ref name="Kinnear_2021(24-25)">Kinnear et al. 2021, 24-25</ref>

The 115 mm U-5TS would have the accolade of being the first smoothbore tank gun in production in the world, which was then followed up with the first development of an armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding-sabot (APFSDS) round. The benefits of smoothbore over the rifled D-54T design was apparent with an increased muzzle velocity, and therefore armour penetration, using the same amount of propellant. Kartsev would install this in his Object 165 tank, which would become known as "Object 166" with the 115 mm gun installed. While the 115 mm continued to remained in testing as the Object 166 continued to be evaluated, the process was soon expedited upon the Soviet discovery of 105 mm tank guns in NATO inventory in 1961 (namely the [[L7A1 (105 mm)|L7 gun]] equipped in new [[M60|American]], [[Leopard I|German]], and [[Centurion Mk 10|British]] tanks). The commander of the Soviet Grounds Forces, Vasily Ya. Chukov, was furious upon learning about this event and insisted the 115 mm must be put into service as soon as possible. As such, on 12 August 1961 with Resolution No. 729-305, the T-62 medium tank and attached 115 mm U-5TS (GAU designation ''2A20'') was accepted into Soviet service.<ref name="Kinnear_2021(29-31)">Kinnear et al. 2021, 29-31</ref>

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="x250px">
File:WeaponImage 9M117.png|The 9M117 ATGM fired by the U-5TS cannon (scale is approximate)
</gallery>

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


===References===
;Citations:
<references />

;Bibliography:
* Kinnear, Jim and Stephen L. Sewell. 2021. ''Soviet T-62 Main Battle Tank''. Oxford: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. Kindle.

{{USSR tank cannons}}
{{China tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

PKT (7.62 mm)

2023-06-24T19:59:51Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

[[File:PKT.png|550px|thumb|right|The PKT inside of the BMP-2M turret]]
== Description ==

The '''PK''' machine gun (Russian: Пулемёт Калашникова; ''Pulemyot Kalashnikova'', English: "Kalashnikov's machine gun") was designed as a replacement for the [[SGMT (7.62 mm)]] machine gun. It was designated as the '''PKT''' for use in tank coaxial mounts, and '''PKB''' for use on pintle mounts. A modernised variant known as the '''PKM''' was later developed, lightening and simplifying the system, along with corresponding '''PKMT''' and '''PKMB''' configurations.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|PKT}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Light tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_2s25}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_2s25m}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_bmd_4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_bmp_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_bmp_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_bmp_2m}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_bmp_3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_bmp_1_ddr}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_pt_76_57}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_btr_80a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_86}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sw_cv_9030_fin}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Medium tanks'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-55}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_55_am}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_55_amd_1}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-62}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_62}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_t_62}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_62m1}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-64}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_64a_1971}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_64_b_1984}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-72}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_72a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_72av_turms}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_kpz_t72m1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sw_t_72m1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_72m2_moderna}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_72b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_72b_1989}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_72b3_2011}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-80}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_80b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_80bvm}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_80u}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sw_t_80u|▄T 80 U}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_80uk}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_80um2}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-90}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_90a}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''SPAAs'''}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_btr_zd}}

{{Navigation-End}}

{{Navigation-Start|PKTM}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Tank destroyers'''}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_2s3m}}

{{Navigation-End}}

{{Navigation-Start|PKMB}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''SPAAs'''}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_9a35_m2}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==

After World War II, the Soviet's combat experience against Nazi Germany showed the value of the General-Purpose Machine Gun (GPMG), and so the Soviets were keen on developing and adopting their own version of the concept to standardize the machine guns in the different level of infantry units, which currently had the RPD, [[RP-46 (7.62 mm)|RP-46]] and [[SGMT (7.62 mm)|SG-43]] as their machine guns.<ref name="YT_PK1">Forgotten Weapons 2019, 1:14 - 2:34</ref>
[[File:Kalashnikov_Museum-13.jpg|x350px|thumb|right|A PKMT and PKMS on display.]]

The Soviets set out a requirement in the 1950s for a GPMG firing the standard 7.62x54mmR cartridge in belt-fed configuration, with the ability to be fired from an infantry bipod, a tripod, and from a vehicle mount.<ref name="Popenker_PK">Popenker "Kalashnikov PK / PKM"</ref> By 1956, a machine gun developed by G.I. Nikitin, with co-designer Yuri M. Sokolov, became close to fulfilling the Soviet military's GPMG requirements. The weapon went far enough for a field service trial procurement in 1958. However, the General Artillery Department of the Soviet Army, dissatisfied by the machine gun's slow development, decided to ask Mikhail Kalashnikov, the designer of the Kalashnikov assault rifle (also known as the AK), to build a GPMG to compete with Nikitin's design in a bid to accelerate their development time.<ref name="Popenker_PK"/><ref name="YT_PK2">Forgotten Weapons 2019, 6:55 - 8:43</ref> Kalashnikov agreed and set to work with a team in his bureau on a GPMG that was soon developed and competed against Nikitin's GPMG. The result was that Kalashnikov's weapon won out in the trials and his new GPMG became standardized for service in 1961 as the '''PK''', or the ''Pulemet Kalashnikova'' (''Kalashnikov's Machine Gun'').<ref name="HistoryNet_PK">Schuster 2016</ref>

The PK machine gun was a gas-operated, belt-fed machine gun that was air-cooled with a manual gas regulator and fired from an open-bolt. The PK machine gun was relatively lightweight at 9 kg (~19.8 lbs) compared to other GPMGs of the era. The PK was able to feed 7.62x54mmR belts compatible with the [[Maxim's (7.62 mm)|Maxim]] and SG-43. However, the PK machine gun was only able to accept the belt feed from the right side only.<ref name="Popenker_PK"/> The PK machine gun as designed took elements from many other existing weapon systems. The PK's operating action and bolt design inside the PK was derived from the AK, with the action flipped upside down to allow the belt-feed. The PK's mechanism of stripping the cartridge from the belt, as well as the barrel change system, was from the SG-43. The PK's feed pawl was from the Czech Vz52, and its trigger mechanism was from the Degtyarev machine gun.<ref name="ForgottenWeapons_PK">McCollum 2012</ref><ref name="DIA_SmallArms">Kettrick 1983, p.235</ref>

As a GPMG, the PK machine gun is available in four different configurations:<ref name="Popenker_PK"/>
* ''PK'': Light machine gun configuration firing from the integral bipod, typically loaded with 100-round belt drums.
* ''PKS'': Medium machine gun configuration firing from an universal tripod
* ''PKT'': Tank coaxial mount configuration fired by an electronic solenoid. This configuration features a 70 cm barrel (compared to the normal 65.8 cm barrel) in order for the weapon to have similar ballistics as the previous [[SGMT (7.62 mm)|SGMT]] to be able to re-use existing tank sights.
* ''PKB'': A PK configured to be mounted on a vehicle mount, usually for armoured cars. The standard grip has been replaced with dual-spade grips. Some versions of this configuration also saw use on Mi-8 and Mi-24 helicopters as window or door guns.

In 1969, the PK underwent a redesign into the ''PKM'' that had an even lighter construction at 7.5 kg (~16.5 lbs). Features that distinguish the PKM was a shorter flash hider, a smooth, unfluted barrel, and a ribbed top cover.<ref name="ForgottenWeapons_PK"/> Just like the PK, the PKM were also made in the above configurations with nomenclatures PKMS, PKMT, PKMB. A further variation of the PK and PKM machine gun is the implementation of a receiver rail for night sights, which would be indicated with a "N" on the end of the nomenclature (e.g. ''PKMSN''). The PKM would be further developed after the Soviet involvement in Afghanistan into the ''PKP Pecheneg''.<ref name="Popenker_PKP">Popenker "Pecheneg"</ref>
[[File:Machine_gun_PKT.jpg|x200px|thumb|left|A PKT machine gun]]

The PK machine guns and its variants has saw large-scale usage not just in the Soviet military, but across the world in the Soviet's allies and even non-state actors. Regions that use the PK include Eastern Europe, Middle East, North Africa, Africa, Central America, and parts of Asia including China and Vietnam; foreign license-produced versions, copies, and other variations of the weapon are also produced such as the Yugoslav's M84 and the Chinese Type 80.<ref name="SAS_PK">Small Arms Survey "PK (& close variants)"</ref>.
{{clear}}

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Weapon PKT (7.62 mm).png|The PKT on the BMP-2
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|FT_NrljbCt8|'''History of the PK, PKM, and Pecheneg w/ Max Popenker''' - ''Forgotten Weapons''}}

== See also ==


;Other GPMG of the era
* [[M60D (7.62 mm)|M60]]
FN MAG:
* [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|FN MAG 60-40]]
* [[M240 (7.62 mm)|M240]]
MG3:
* [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|MG3A1]]
* [[Beretta MG42/59 (7.62 mm)|Beretta MG42/59]]

== External links ==


=== References ===
;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography:
* Forgotten Weapons, "History of the PK, PKM, and Pecheneg w/ Max Popenker," ''YouTube'', 09 Jul. 2019, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FT_NrljbCt8 Video]. Accessed on 03 Aug. 2021.
* Kettrick, James F., ''Small Arms Identification and Operation Guide - Eurasian Communist Countries (U)'', Defense Intelligence Agency, 01 Aug. 1983.
* McCollum, Ian, "PK / PKM," ''Forgotten Weapons'', 14 Dec. 2012, [https://www.forgottenweapons.com/medium-machine-guns/pk-pkm/ Website]. Accessed on 03 Aug. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210803221804/https://www.forgottenweapons.com/medium-machine-guns/pk-pkm/ Archive]).
* Popenker, Maxim, "Kalashnikov PK / PKM," ''Modern Firearms'', [https://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/russia-machineguns/pk-pks-pkm-pkms-eng/ Website]. Accessed 03 Aug. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210803215855/https://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/russia-machineguns/pk-pks-pkm-pkms-eng/ Archive]).
* Popenker, Maxim, "Pecheneg," ''Modern Firearms'', [https://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/russia-machineguns/pecheneg-eng/ Website]. Accessed 03 Aug. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210803215855/https://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/russia-machineguns/pk-pks-pkm-pkms-eng/ Archive]).
* Schuster, Carl O., "Arsenal | The NVA's 'Quick Change' Machine Gun", ''HistoryNet'', Dec. 2016. Accessed 03 Aug. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210803221104/https://www.historynet.com/arsenal-nvas-quick-change-machine-gun.htm Archive])
* Small Arms Survey, ''Weapons Identification Sheet - PK (& close variants)'', ''Small Arms Survey'', [http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/weapons/SAS-weapons-machine-guns-PK.pdf PDF]. Accessed 03 Aug. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210803231635/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/weapons/SAS-weapons-machine-guns-PK.pdf Archive])

{{Tank machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]

2A72 (30 mm)

2023-06-24T19:55:59Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

M68A1 (105 mm)

2023-06-24T19:53:19Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

{{About
| about = American tank cannon '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| and
| usage = other versions
| link-1 = M68 (105 mm)
| link-2 = M68A1E8 (105 mm)
}}

[[File:Weapon M68A1 (105 mm).png|thumb|right|x250px|The 105 mm M68A1 on the CCVL gun mantlet.]]

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|us_ccvl}}
* {{Specs-Link|us_ags_teledyne}}
* {{Specs-Link|cn_cm11}}
* {{Specs-Link|us_m1_abrams}}
* {{Specs-Link|us_m1_abrams_kvt}}
* {{Specs-Link|us_m1_ip_abrams}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===

{{notice|Not all ammunition listed is available on all vehicles equipped with this weapon.}}

'''American ammunition'''

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|M456A2, M393A2, M735, M774, M833, M900, M416}}

'''Foreign ammunition'''

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|DM63}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[L7 (105 mm) (Family)]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA tank cannons}}
{{China tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

M240 (7.62 mm)

2023-06-24T19:52:10Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

[[File:M240.png|x250px|thumb|right|The M240 on top of the M1 Abrams turret]]
== Description ==


The '''M240''' is an American 7.62 mm General Purpose Machine Gun. The M240 is the American designation for a version of the Belgian [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|FN MAG]] GPMG, designed for use as a co-axial machine gun for tanks. In-game the M240 is predominantly found as a co-axial (and on some tanks roof-mounted) machine gun on high rank American tanks. Being only a 7.62 mm machine gun it is largely ineffective against all but the most weakly armoured, or open cabin, vehicles.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Light tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_ccvl}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_ags_teledyne}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_hstv_l}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m3_bradley}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m3a3_bradley}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1128_mgs}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_xm_8}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Medium tanks'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|CM11}}{{Specs-Link|cn_cm11}}
{{Navigation-Line|M60 Patton}}{{Specs-Link|us_m60a1_rise_passive_era}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m60a3_tts}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m60a3_tts|␗M60A3 TTS}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m60a3_slep}}
{{Navigation-Line|M1 Abrams}}{{Specs-Link|us_xm1_chrysler}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_xm1_gm}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1_ip_abrams}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1_abrams}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1_abrams_kvt}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1a1_abrams}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1a1_aim_abrams}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1a1_hc_abrams}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1a2_abrams}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1a2_sep_abrams}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==

Despite being a version of the [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|FN MAG]] the M240 performs differently. The M240 has the highest rate of fire of any American (or British) 7.62 mm machine gun at 750 rounds per minute, and a decent belt capacity. The ballistic performance is the same as other 7.62 mm machine guns.

=== Available ammunition ===

The M240 can only be equipped with one ammo belt consisting of one Armour Piercing (AP) bullet, followed by one Tracer (T) bullet. Neither bullet has much penetration (maximum of 13 mm), however the AP bullet performs much better than the tracer bullet.

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|AP, T}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

Compared to other 7.62 mm machine guns, the M240 has a very good rate of fire at 750 rounds per minute. This puts it ahead of all other American and British 7.62 mm machine guns by a minimum of 100 rounds per minute, and as much as 250 rounds per minute when compared to the [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|M1919A4's]] 500 rounds per minute rate of fire (in other words the M240 has 50% more RPM than the M1919A4). Its belt capacity of 200 is less than the M1919A4, but more than guns like the [[M60D (7.62 mm)|M60D]].

== Usage in battles ==

Due to the very low penetration this weapon is largely ineffective against enemy armour (although you may be able to penetrate some vehicles with extremely thin armour). The gun is primarily useful for incapacitating exposed crew members in open topped vehicles (although there are few such vehicles at the battle ratings this gun is found at). The gun can also be used for ranging on some vehicles, as well as marking enemy vehicles and obscuring the view of enemy players (by shooting at their gun sight). You can use the gun against aircraft however it does minimal damage, and being co-axially mounted on most tanks can often not be brought / kept on target against aircraft.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''
* Best rate of fire of any British or American 7.62 mm machine gun
* Good rate of fire compared to most other 7.62 mm machine guns
* Decent belt capacity

'''Cons:'''
* Slightly worse ammo belt other than [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|FN MAG 60-40]] derivatives (1/2 AP instead of 2/3 AP)
* Low penetration makes it ineffective against armour
* Low damage

== History ==

{{Main|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|M73 (7.62 mm)}}
[[File:M1A1_Abrams_Interior_Gunner_Position.jpg|x250px|right|thumb|none|A M240 coaxial machine gun to the left of the gunner position in an M1A1 Abrams.]]
The M240 is an American 7.62 mm General Purpose Machine Gun, chambering the 7.62×51mm NATO round, it is an American built copy of the Belgian [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|FN MAG]] GPMG. The history of the M240 began with the failure of the [[M73 (7.62 mm)]] co-axial machine gun being used on American tanks in the 1960s and early 1970s. The despite being designed from the ground up as a tank co-axial machine gun the [[M73 (7.62 mm)|M73]] proved to be very poor at the role due to an extremely high failure and jamming rate. Despite attempts to fix the M73 the issues remained and in 1971 the US Army looked to replace it. A competition was launched to develop a replacement, however this was cut short in 1973 by the Yom Kippur War. The Israelis had used the M73 on their Magach (M60) tanks during the war and its performance had been so dire that they deemed it unfit for purpose and demanded the Americans replace it with something better. The program to develop new machine guns was abandoned and the Army looked to existing machine guns to fill the role. In the end the two final candidates were the [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|FN MAG 60-40]] and [[M60D (7.62 mm)|M60]], with the MAG winning due to better reliability.

The FN MAG was adopted as the U.S. Army's standard vehicle machine gun in 1977, replacing the M73 on vehicles. The M240 also proved popular with other section of the US armed forces and as an infantry gun. The M240 slowly replaced other American machine guns such as the [[M60D (7.62 mm)|M60]].

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Weapon M240 7.62mm.jpg|The M240 on the M1 Abrams
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|LbbeCOFkFC8|'''M240 Bravo: America Replaces the M60''' - ''By: Forgotten Weapons''}}

== See also ==

* [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)]]
* [[M73 (7.62 mm)]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:M240_machine_gun|[Wikipedia] M240 machine gun]]

{{Tank machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]

M3 (90 mm)

2023-06-24T19:48:22Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

[[File:Weapon M3 (90 mm).png|thumb|right|x250px|The M3 (90 mm) on the M36B2 gun mantlet.]]

{{About
| about = the tank cannon '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = M3 (Disambiguation)
}}

== Description ==

The '''90 mm M3''' is an American anti-tank cannon mainly equipping the M36 Jackson and the M26 Pershing families. Put into service in 1944 shortly before the end of WW2, it also served in the Korean War and until the 1960s.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Light tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_m18_super_hellcat}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Medium tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4_t26}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t25}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m26_pershing}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m26_t99}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m26_ariete}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Heavy tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_t26e5}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Tank destroyers'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_m36}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m36}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m36b2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m36b2_cefeo}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===


{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|M77 shot, T33 shot, M82 shot (T25) weapon-page, M82 shot (M26) weapon-page, M304 shot, M71 shell, M313, M82 shot (M36B2) weapon-page, M348 shell}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

The 90 mm M3 is broadly similar to the German 88 mm Flak 18 and Soviet 85 mm M1939; in-game the 90 mm M3 has impressive performance that is somewhat inferior in penetration relative to the German 88 mm and inferior in explosive damage relative to the Soviet 85 mm. The 90 mm M3 is a considerable improvement for US tankers accustomed to fighting heavier late-war tanks with the 75 mm and 76 mm.

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The 90 mm M3 is a substantial improvement over the 76 mm gun and offers US tankers a weapon roughly comparable the German 88 mm Flak 18 and Soviet 85 mm.
* The 90 mm M3 is a weapon used on numerous US late-war and postwar tank designs, ensuring that users become intimately familiar with its capabilities and experts in its effective employment due to frequent usage as they progress through Rank VI and Rank V.
* M82 shot has a large amount of high-explosive filler - frequently kills enemy vehicles with one shot.
* Notable step up from the preceding 76 mm M1 - enemies like the Tiger I and Panther series are easier to destroy at range.
* Offers a large selection of shells: AP, APCBC, HE, smoke and APCR to engage any type of enemy.

'''Cons:'''

* By the time you get this thing, the Germans are fielding tanks and tank destroyers toting the 75 mm Kwk42 L/70 (AKA the long 75) and even some vehicles with the 88 mm KwK43/PaK43 L/71 (AKA the long 88), the Soviets are fielding similarly heavy armour and numerous vehicles with the legendary 122 mm gun.
* The 90 mm M3 is unlikely to frontally penetrate most of the opposing vehicles you'll face, and the extra power relative to the 76 mm is somewhat irrelevant when taking side shots.
* Requires the use of APCR to engage heavily armoured tanks like the Tiger II (H) from the front.
* Lacking in firepower compared to the German 88 mm KwK43/PaK43, British 84 mm QF 20-pounder and Soviet 122 mm D-25T - flanking is frequently required to effectively engage enemy tanks.
* Reload is noticeably longer than on the 76 mm M1.

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Weapon M3 (90 mm) in the T25.png|The M3 (90 mm) on the [[T25]] gun mantlet.
File:Weapon M3 (90 mm) in the M36 GMC.png|The M3 (90 mm) on the [[M36 GMC]] gun mantlet.
File:Weapon M3 (90 mm) in the T26E5.png|The M3 (90 mm) on the [[T26E5]] gun mantlet.
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[M3A1 (90 mm)]] - Successor installed on the M46 Patton
* [[Cannone da 90/50 M3A1 (90 mm)]] - Italian variant of the M3A1
* [[T15E1 (90 mm)]] - Experimental gun developed to remedy the lack of penetration of the M3 against heavy German armour

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA tank cannons}}
{{China tank cannons}}
{{Italy tank cannons}}
{{France tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

KwK38(t) (37 mm)

2023-06-24T19:46:14Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

MG34 (7.92 mm)

2023-06-24T19:44:45Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

[[File:MG34.png|thumb|x250px|The MG34 on the Tiger E.]]
== Description ==

The '''7.92 mm MG34''' is a recoil-operated, air-cooled machine gun of German origin.<ref name=":0">Bishop 2002, 246.</ref> Development of the MG34 began in 1934 by Heinrich Vollmer, eventually seeing service with the Francoist Spanish forces in the Spanish Civil War. Inspired heavily by Rheinmetall's MG 30, changes and developments made to the MG34 design led it to become the first General-Purpose Machine Gun (GPMG).<ref name=":0" /> The weapon was revolutionary for its time, boasting the highest fire rate of any machine gun at the time,<ref>Haskew 2012, 92</ref> though its technological superiority came at a cost, causing it to be far too expensive and complicated to mass-produce on its own. Thus, it was produced and implemented in tandem with similar machine guns such as the [[MG42 (7.92 mm)|MG42]].<ref>Bishop 2002, 245-246</ref>

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Light tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_II_ausf_C}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_II_ausf_C_DAK}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_II_ausf_C_td}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_II_ausf_F}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_38t_na}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Medium tanks'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|Pz.Kpfw.III}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_III_ausf_B}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_III_ausf_E}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_III_ausf_F}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_III_ausf_J_L42}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_pzkpfw_III_ausf_J_L42}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_III_ausf_J}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_III_ausf_J_td}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_III_ausf_L}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_III_ausf_M}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_III_ausf_N}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_pzkpfw_III_ausf_N}}
{{Navigation-Line|Pz.Kpfw.IV}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_IV_ausf_C}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_IV_ausf_E}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_IV_ausf_F}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_IV_ausf_F2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_IV_ausf_G}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_pzkpfw_IV_ausf_G}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_IV_ausf_H}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_IV_ausf_J}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sw_pzkpfw_IV_ausf_J}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_panzerbefelhswagen_IV_ausf_J}}
{{Navigation-Line|Pz.Kpfw.V}}{{Specs-Link|germ_vk_3002m}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_V_ausf_a_panther}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_V_ausf_d_panther}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_V_ausf_g_panther}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_V_ersatz_m10}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_pzkpfw_V_panther_dauphine}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_pzkpfw_V}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_panther_II}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Heavy tanks'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|KV-1}}{{Specs-Link|germ_kv_1_kwk_40}}
{{Navigation-Line|Pz.Kpfw.VI}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_h1_tiger}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_h1_tiger_animal_version}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_e_tiger}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_e_tiger}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_VI_tiger_P}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_panzerbefelhswagen_VI_P}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_b_tiger_IIp}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_b_tiger_IIh}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_b_tiger_IIh_kwk46}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_b_tiger_IIh_sla}}
{{Navigation-Line|Pz.Kpfw.VIII}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_Maus}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_e_100}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Tank destroyers'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_jgdpz_38t}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_panzerjager_nashorn}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_sturmmorser_sturmtiger}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_panzerjager_panther}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_panzerbefelhswagen_jagdpanther}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_panzerjager_tiger_P_elefant}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_panzerjager_tiger}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''SPAA'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_sdkfz_222}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_flakpanzer_IV_Ostwind_2}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Motor torpedo boats'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_km5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_s38b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_s_700_s_701}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==

[[File:A coaxially mounted MG 34 on the Pz.II DAK..jpg|thumb|A Pz.II DAK's MG34. The MG34 (circled in red) is the smaller of the two weapons]]
The MG34 is a common sight on German vehicles, being mounted coaxially on tank turrets. It was also used as light-AA on certain Kriegsmarine vessels.

Chambered in 7.92 mm, the MG34 boasts a fire rate of up to 900 rpm at a velocity of 850 to 900 m/s. It can be fed from belts with up to 250 rounds, or drum magazines holding up to 75 rounds.

=== Available ammunition ===

The MG34 is a secondary weapon and thus does not have optional belts. It uses one default belt, consisting of AP/AP/AP-T shells.

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|AP, AP-T}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

While having a slower fire rate than the MG42, both weapons fire the same ammunition at the same velocity, meaning they perform nearly identically. The frequency with which the MG34 appears means players of the German ground forces will be well-acquainted with the 7.92 mm calibre which sets the standard for MGs in the German tech tree.

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Pintle Mounted MG 34.jpg|thumb|An example of a pintle-mounted MG34 with AA sight on a Tiger I.]]
Being coaxially mounted is a significant advantage for taking out light vehicles such as SPAA or tank destroyers with an exposed crew. On rare occasion, certain fully-enclosed vehicles have so little armour that they can be penetrated by the MG34 at close range. If you are lucky enough to be driving a vehicle with a roof-mounted MG34 such as the [[Jagdpanzer 38(t)]], it performs well as a deterrent for attacking aircraft, and might even score you a kill. And as with any other machine gun, it can prove to be a useful tool for spotting enemies for your allies or clearing obstacles.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High rate of fire
* Decent penetration for its calibre
* Common usage means it is easy to be familiar with handling this gun
* Large magazine

'''Cons:'''

* Only proves to be deadly against a limited set of targets
* Not commonly mounted externally, limiting its use against aircraft

== History ==


The MG34 is the world's first general-purpose machine gun. The requirement came from the ''Reichswehr'' (Realm Defense) for a new machine gun that would replace their aging collection of World War I era water-cooled machine guns and fill the role of a magazine-fed light machine gun, belt-fed heavy machine gun, vehicle-mounted machine gun, anti-aircraft machine gun, and pillbox machine gun using a single design to cover each role. Unusually for a gun of this era, the development was led by the ''Waffenamt'' (Germany Army Weapons Agency) instead of an individual company. The end result was the MG34 which began production in 1936 but wasn't formally known to the world as a German design until 1939 by which point the ''Wehrmacht'' (German Armed Forces) had 50,000 guns in service<ref name=":1">Forgotten Weapons 2017</ref>.

Due to the requirement of using the MG34 in a number of roles, the guns were given an adjustable rate of fire between 400-900 rounds per minute depending on the application. As a light machine gun, it was fed with a 50-round trommel magazine and fitted with a bipod. The ten-man ''Gruppe'' (squad) would have three men to operate the MG34 in this configuration, a gunner, an assistant gunner, and an ammunition handler. As a heavy machine, it was mounted on a pintle-mounted tripod and belt feed. In this configuration, the optimum crew was 6 from a ''Zug'' (platoon), with a gunner, assistant gunner, squad leader, and three riflemen to carry extra ammunition and other needed equipment. The anti-aircraft role could be implemented by simply attacking an aircraft sight to the tripod assembly. The Kriegsmarine (War Navy) used the MG34 as their standard machine gun on their warships even using them in twin mounts used by its airborne counterpart the [[MG 81 (7.92 mm)|MG 81]] in the [[S-38b|armoured S-38-class]] boats.

The MG-34 was an effective infantry weapon, but it was expensive. It used a large number of milled parts making it time-consuming to produce and the materials needed to make them required trace metals Germany didn't have<ref name=":1" />. Germany, like the other nations of World War II, would move on to developing small arms that used simpler stamped steel parts that were quicker to produce. The process of converting the MG34 design to a stamped steel weapon led to the infamous [[MG42 (7.92 mm)|MG42]]. Despite this new weapon, the MG34 remained in production and service during World War II and never completely replaced the MG34 in all infantry units and the design of the MG 42 left it unable to fill a significant niche.

The niche was the role of a tank machine gun. The MG34's quick-change barrel operated by having the entire receiver pivot to allow the barrel to drop out of the weapon <ref name=":1" />. The MG 42's side-releasing quick-change barrel system left it unable to operate in a coaxial mount. As a result, the MG34 would remain the primary coaxial weapon for armoured fighting vehicles in World War II serving in all vehicles except for the [[Jagdpanzer IV]] which could fit the MG 42. The MG34 in tanks featured an armoured barrel shroud and the butt stock removed.

After World War II a significant number of MG34s were captured by the Soviet Union and Britain who contributed these to the Communists and Nationalists respectively during the Chinese Civil War. From the Chinese, these weapons would end up in the hands of the Viet Cong (Communist Viet) and PAVN (''Quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam'') during the Vietnam War. France would also capture multiple MG34s which found use in post-war colonial conflicts and Czechoslovakia would continue production of the design after the war. The MG34 even saw use in the 21st century in the Syrian Civil War.<ref>jwh1975 2017</ref>

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150">
File:Weapon MG 34 (7.92 mm).png|The MG34 on the Pz.II F
File:A Pz.II DAK firing its MG 34..jpg|A Pz.II DAK firing its coaxial MG34
File:MG34 Naval Mount.png|The unique mount for the MG34 on the S-38b
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|E-KgQ-OZJZ8|'''MG-34: The Universal Machine Gun Concept''' - ''Forgotten Weapons''|GfJkU4Sah8I|'''Shooting the MG-34 and MG-42''' - ''Forgotten Weapons''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:MG_34|[Wikipedia] MG 34]]
* [https://www.scribd.com/document/192297851/D-124-1-Maschinengewehr-34-Teil-1-Waffe <nowiki>[Scribd]</nowiki> German manual to Maschinengewehr 34]
* [http://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/germany-machineguns/mg-34-eng/ <nowiki>[Modern Firearms]</nowiki> MG 34]

===References===
;Citations:
<references />

;Bibliography:
* Bishop, Chris. 2002. ''The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II''. New York: Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.
* Forgotten Weapons. 2017. "MG-34: The Universal Machine Gun Concept". YouTube video. 27:38. October 07. 2017. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-KgQ-OZJZ8 Video]
* Haskew, Michael E. 2012. ''Small Arms 1914-1945: The Essential Weapons Identification Guide''. London: Amber Books.
* jwh1975. 2017. "Syrian Civil War: WWII weapons used". wwiiafterwwii. Last modified June 27, 2017. [https://wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com/2017/06/27/syrian-civil-war-wwii-weapons-used/ Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20221021165354/https://wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com/2017/06/27/syrian-civil-war-wwii-weapons-used/ Archive])

{{Tank machine guns}}
{{Naval machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]
[[Category:Naval machine guns]]

M73 (7.62 mm)

2023-06-24T16:21:50Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

[[File:Weapon M73 7.62mm.jpg|x280px|thumb|right|The M73 on the M60A2]]
== Description ==


The '''7.62 mm M73''' is an American 7.62 mm medium machine gun. In-game the weapon can be found predominantly as a co-axial machine gun on the M48 and M60 family of tanks (historically it replaced the earlier [[M37 (7.62 mm)]] machine gun on these tanks), as well as being mounted co-axially on some other rank 5 / 6 American tanks. Being only a 7.62 mm machine gun it is largely ineffective against all but the most weakly armoured, or open cabin, vehicles.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Light tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_m551}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Medium tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_t95e1}}
{{Navigation-Line|M48}}{{Specs-Link|us_m48a1_patton_III}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m48a1_patton_III}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_m48a1_patton_III}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_mkpz_m48a2c}}
{{Navigation-Line|M60}}{{Specs-Link|us_m60}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m60a1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m60a1_ariete}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m60a2}}
{{Navigation-Line|Magach}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_3_idf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_magach_3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6r}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6_rocket}}
{{Navigation-Line|MBT-70}}{{Specs-Link|us_xm_803}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_mbt_70}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==

Despite being a completely separate gun the M73 performs identically to the [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)]] and its derivatives. The M73 also doesn't have a 3D model in the game, it currently uses the M1919A4 model in its place.

=== Available ammunition ===

The M73 can only be equipped with one ammo belt consisting of one Armour-piercing (AP) bullet, followed by one Tracer (T) bullet. Neither bullet has much penetration (maximum of 13 mm), however the AP bullet performs much better than the tracer bullet.

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|AP, T}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

The M73 performs identically to the [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|M1919A4]] and its derivatives ([[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|L3A1]] & [[M37 (7.62 mm)|M37]]). Like the M1919A4 it suffers from a somewhat low rate of fire compared to other , similar, machine guns such as the [[BESA (7.92 mm)|BESA]] and [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)|L8A1]], firing 100 rounds per minute less (500 compared to 600). The weapon also has slightly worse penetration than the [[BESA (7.92 mm)]], which is the main co-axial weapon of British tanks, although does get a larger ammo belt than other comparable guns.

== Usage in battles ==

Due to the very low penetration this weapon it is largely ineffective against enemy armour (although you may be able to penetrate some vehicles with extremely thin armour). The gun is primarily useful for incapacitating exposed crew members in open topped vehicles (although there are few such vehicles at the battle ratings this gun is found at). The gun can also be used for ranging on some vehicles, as well as marking enemy vehicles and obscuring the view of enemy players (shooting at their gun sight). You can use the gun against aircraft however it does minimal damage, and being co-axially mounted on most tanks can often not be brought / kept on target against aircraft.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''
* Larger belt capacity than some comparable guns

'''Cons:'''
* Worse rate of fire compared to comparable guns
* Low penetration makes it ineffective against armour
* Generally low damage

== History ==

[[File:M73 2 (50623468506).jpg|thumb|right|The M73 machine gun in display]]
The M73 is an American 7.62 mm medium machine gun, unlike previous American tank mounted machine guns the M73 was designed from the start to use the 7.62×51 mm NATO round (instead of the 7.62×63 mm ".30-06 Springfield" round). During WW2 the [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)]] machine gun was the US army's standard co-axial mounted machine gun, and although being a proven weapon it had some limitations in the co-axial mounted role. After WW2 the army commissioned and improved version (the [[M37 (7.62 mm)|M37]]), but also looked to outright replace the M1919 with a newer design. The program to replace the M1919 was started in 1951 and faced a series of delays, eventually ending in early 1959 with the Springfield Armory's T197E2 prototype being selected for as the M73, and production starting the same year.

The M73 was predominantly fitted to the M48 and M60 Patton series of tanks, as well as the [[M551|M551 Sheridan]]; it featured the ability to be fed from either side and other features which would in theory make it a good co-axial machine gun. In reality the weapon soon proved to be over complicated, and rapidly became highly disliked by tank crews due to frequent malfunctions and a very high rate jamming, compared to the extremely reliable M1919 and M37 they were used to. In 1970 an improved version, the M73E1, was produced in order to address the poor reliability of the original, and in 1972 the weapon was re-designated M219 (rumoured to have been done to try and try and remove the stigma associated with the M73 name).

The M73E1 / M219 again proved to suffer from extreme reliability issues and by 1971 the US army, and the weapons manufacturer, had decided the weapon was a lost cause and begun a replacement program, with with 8 different prototypes being produced (with 5 later being selected for further development). While the American replacement program was underway, on 6th October 1973 the Yom Kippur War started with Egypt and Syria invading Israel. During the 20 day long war Israel used their American M60 (designated Magach) tanks, armed with the M73. After their experiences using the M73 in battle the Israelis declared it unfit for purpose and demanded that the US replace the guns with something more reliable.

The US Army's replacement program was scrapped and they instead evaluated eight different, already existing, machine guns as a more rapid replacement. In the end they selected the Belgian [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)]] machine gun to enter service as the [[M240 (7.62 mm)|M240]], replacing the M73 on American and Israeli tanks.

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|kSLUPlXhOtI|'''Tank M73 Machine Gun 7.62MM - Part 1 Operation, Disassembly and Assembly''' - ''Nuclear Vault''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:M73_machine_gun|[Wikipedia] M73 machine gun]]
* [https://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/u-s-a-machineguns/m73-m219-eng/ Modern Firearms - M73, M219]
* [http://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=1192 Small Arms Review - The M73/M219 Machine Gun: Mama's Ugly Baby]

{{Tank machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]

M1919A4 (7.62 mm)

2023-06-24T16:19:25Z

U123137325: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

[[File:M1919A4.png|x280px|thumb|right|The M1919A4 on the M-51]]
== Description ==


The '''7.62 mm M1919A4''' is an American .30 cal medium machine gun. The M1919A4 is the most widely produced version of the famous M1919 Browning machine gun, which was introduced into service shortly after World War I in 1919, and is still in service with some countries to this day. In game the M1919A4 is ubiquitous in the American ground forces tree, being found as the commander's gun on early American tanks (most later ones are equipped with the [[Browning M2HB (12.7 mm)]]) as well as the co-axial machine gun on most American tanks from the start of the tech tree, until Rank 5. Additionally, the gun is commonly featured among American tanks in other nations' tech trees. Due to its small calibre, the gun is largely ineffective against heavily-armoured or enclosed vehicles.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Light tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_m22_locust}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_64}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_sarc_mk4_a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_marmon_herrington_mk_6_2pdr}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t18_e2}}
{{Navigation-Line|LVT}}{{Specs-Link|us_lvt_a_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_lvt_a_1_trb}}
{{Navigation-Line|M2}}{{Specs-Link|us_m2a2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m2a4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m2a4_1st_armor_div}}
{{Navigation-Line|M3 Stuart}}{{Specs-Link|us_m3_stuart}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_m3_stuart}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m3a1_stuart}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m3a1_stuart_usmc}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_m3a1_stuart}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m3a3_stuart}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m3a3_stuart_1st_ptg}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m3a3_stuart}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m3a3_stuart}}
{{Navigation-Line|M5 Stuart}}{{Specs-Link|us_m5a1_stuart}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m5a1_stuart_td}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m5a1_stuart}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m5a1_stuart_canadian_5st_arm}}
{{Navigation-Line|M8 Greyhound}}{{Specs-Link|us_m8_greyhound}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m8_greyhound}}
{{Navigation-Line|M24 Chaffee}}{{Specs-Link|us_m24_chaffee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m24_chaffee_tl}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_m24_chaffee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m24_chaffee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m24_chaffee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_amx_13_chaffee}}
{{Navigation-Line|M41 Walker Bulldog}}{{Specs-Link|us_m41_walker_bulldog}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_le_kpz_m41}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_m41_walker_bulldog}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m_41d}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Medium tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|uk_a30_challenger}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m2_medium}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a5_ram_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_st_b1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t20}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t25}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t54e1}}
{{Navigation-Line|Grant}}{{Specs-Link|us_mk1_grant}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_mk1_grant|Grant I (Great Britain)}}
{{Navigation-Line|M3 Lee}}{{Specs-Link|us_m3_lee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_m3c}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4 Sherman}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4_sherman_calliope}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_sherman_75_37}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sw_sherman_3_4}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4A1 Sherman}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a1_1942_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m4a1_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a1_76w_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m4a1_76w_sherman}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4A2 Sherman}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a2_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a2_1944_germ}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_sherman_II}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a2_76w_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_m4a2_76w_sherman}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4A3 Sherman}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a3_105_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m4a3_105_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_m4a3e8_76w_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a3e8_76w_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4_t26}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4A4 Sherman}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m4a4_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m4a4_sherman_1st_ptg}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m4a4_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m4a4_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m4a4_cn_75_50}}
{{Navigation-Line|M26 Pershing}}{{Specs-Link|us_m26_pershing}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m26_t99}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m26_ariete}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m26a1_pershing}}
{{Navigation-Line|M46 Patton}}{{Specs-Link|us_m46_patton}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m46_patton_73_armor_bat}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m47_105}}
{{Navigation-Line|M-51}}{{Specs-Link|il_m_51}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_m_51_w}}
{{Navigation-Line|Type 61}}{{Specs-Link|jp_st_a1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_st_a2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_st_a3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_61}}
{{Navigation-Line|Magach}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_3_idf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_magach_3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6r}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6_rocket}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6m}}
{{Navigation-Line|Tiran}}{{Specs-Link|il_tiran_4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_tiran_4_sh}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Heavy tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_m6a2e1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m103}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t14}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4A3E2 Jumbo}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo_cobra_king}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a3e2_76w_sherman_jumbo}}
{{Navigation-Line|T26}}{{Specs-Link|us_t26e4_superpershing}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t26e5}}
{{Navigation-Line|T32}}{{Specs-Link|us_t32}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t32e1}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Tank destroyers'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_m50_ontos}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_60_atm}}
{{Navigation-Line|LVT}}{{Specs-Link|us_lvt_4_zis_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_lvt_4_zis_2}}
{{Navigation-Line|M36}}{{Specs-Link|jp_m36b2_jgsdf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m36b2_cefeo}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''SPAA'''}}{{Specs-Link|jp_sub_i_ii_20mm}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_tcm_20}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==

The M1919A4 is a fairly standard 7.62 mm medium machine gun.

=== Available ammunition ===

The M1919A4 can only be equipped with one ammo belt consisting of one Armour-Piercing (AP) bullet, followed by one Tracer (T) bullet. Neither bullet has much penetration (maximum of 13 mm), however the AP bullet performs much better than the tracer bullet.

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|AP, T}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

The M1919A4 performs identically to its British counterpart the [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|L3A1]]. Like the L3A1 it suffers from a somewhat low rate of fire compared to other , similar, machine guns such as the [[BESA (7.92 mm)|BESA]] and [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)|L8A1]], firing 100 rounds per minute less (500 compared to 600). The weapon also has slightly worse penetration than the [[BESA (7.92 mm)]], which is the main co-axial weapon of British tanks, although does get a larger ammo belt.

== Usage in battles ==

Due to the very low penetration of this weapon it is largely ineffective against enemy armour (although you may be able to penetrate some vehicles with extremely thin armour). The gun is primarily useful for incapacitating exposed crew members in open topped vehicles. The gun can also be used for ranging on some vehicles, as well as marking enemy vehicles and obscuring the view of enemy players (shooting at their gun sight). Certain light tanks have well placed commander or auxilary M1919s that work well in an anti-aircraft role, though this utility wanes the higher up the tier tree one progresses.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Larger belt capacity than some comparable guns
* Better rate of fire compared to the [[Vickers (7.7 mm)]] found on low rank British tanks

'''Cons:'''

* Worse rate of fire compared to comparable guns
* Low penetration makes it ineffective against armour
* Generally low damage

== History ==

The M1919A4 is the definitive and most mass produced version of the famous M1919 Browning machine gun. The history of the M1919 can be traced back to the earlier M1917 Browning machine gun, a water-cooled .30 cal heavy machine gun. The M1917 was originally designed by John Browning in 1900, with a prototype being made in 1910. The design was left until the United states entered WW1 in 1917, Browning submitted his design to the military and it proved to be highly reliable. The US military adopted the gun as it's principal heavy machine gun in 1917 and the weapon saw limited service (due to low initial production rates) towards the end of the First World War. The weapon would go on the serve in the Second World War (alongside the M1919 and [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|M2]]), as well as in the Korean War, and despite being phased out in the 1960s in favour of the [[M60D (7.62 mm)|M60]], saw limited action in the Vietnam War.

Though the M1917 proved itself to be a good weapon, the heavy water-cooling shroud and equipment limited its portability and made it vulnerable to damage. Browning desired to make a gas-operated and air cooled machine gun and in 1919 created the M1919 machine gun, based off of the M1917 design. Chambering the .30-06 Springfield (7.62x63 mm) round, it was originally designed for use on tanks, a role for which the M1917 was poorly suited due to its weight and relative fragility. The weapon proved popular, with many variants being produced for use by infantry, tanks, aircraft and naval vehicles.

The M1919A4 version is seen as the definitive version of the gun, produced from 1936 onwards. The weapon featured an increase in barrel length from 18 inches to 24 (in order to produce more recoil and tackle reliability issues with the earlier versions, caused by a lack of recoil force to consistently cycle the guns mechanism). The variant was designed for use on both vehicles and infantry tripods.

After WW2, the M1919 remained in service with the United States and many other nations. It was used by the United States in Korea and Vietnam, although from the 1950s onwards it began to be replaced with newer general-purpose machine guns such as the [[M60D (7.62 mm)|M60]]. Many M1919s were re-chambered to fire the 7.62×51mm NATO round and remained in service with the United States until at least the 1970s. Some countries still operate variants of the M1919 firing the 7.62 mm NATO round to this day.

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Weapon M1919A4 7.62mm.jpg|The M1919A4 on the M5A1
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)]] (The British designation for the same gun)
* [[Browning (7.62 mm)]] (Air-mount variant of the M1919, officially designated in the US as ''M2 AN (Army-Navy)'')

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:M1917_Browning_machine_gun|[Wikipedia] M1917 Browning machine gun]]
* [[wikipedia:M1919_Browning_machine_gun|[Wikipedia] M1919 Browning machine gun]]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=265 Military Factory - Browning M1917 (Model 1917)]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=59 Military Factory - Browning M1919 GPMG / Medium Machine Gun (MMG)]

{{Tank machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]

M2HB (12.7 mm)

2023-06-24T16:09:51Z

U123137325:

{{About
| about = '''{{PAGENAME}}''' mounted on ground vehicles
| other
| usage-1 = the aircraft-mounted variant
| link-1 = M2 Browning (12.7 mm)
| usage-2 = other uses
| link-2 = M2 (Disambiguation)
}}
[[File:M2HB.png|x280px|thumb|right|The M2HB on top of the M1A2 Abrams]]
== Description ==


The '''12.7 mm Browning M2HB''' is an American .50 cal (12.7 mm) heavy machine gun, it is a variant of the legendary Browning M2 machine gun. The M2 is by far the most ubiquitous machine gun in the game; the airborne [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|Browning M2]] is found somewhere in every nation's aircraft tree, the ground based M2HB is found in every nation's tank tree, and the naval based [[AN-M2 (12.7 mm)|AN-M2]] is found in the US naval tree. Being a 12.7 mm heavy machine gun, the M2HB has an okay amount of armour penetration, and higher damage output than medium and general purpose machine guns. This makes it much more effective at engaging weakly armoured enemy tanks, as well as aircraft.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Light tanks'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|LVT}}{{Specs-Link|us_lvt_a_4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_lvt_bofors}}
{{Navigation-Line|M8 Greyhound}}{{Specs-Link|us_m8_greyhound}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m8_greyhound}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m8a1}}
{{Navigation-Line|M18 Hellcat}}{{Specs-Link|us_m18_hellcat}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m18_hellcat_black_cat}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m18_hellcat}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m18_hellcat}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m18_super_hellcat}}
{{Navigation-Line|M24 Chaffee}}{{Specs-Link|us_m24_chaffee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_m24_chaffee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m24_chaffee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m24_chaffee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_amx_13_chaffee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m24_chaffee_tl}}
{{Navigation-Line|M41 Walker Bulldog}}{{Specs-Link|us_m41_walker_bulldog}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_le_kpz_m41}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_m41_walker_bulldog}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m_41d}}
{{Navigation-Line|M1128}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1128_mgs}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1128_wolfpack}}
{{Navigation-Line|Type 16}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_16_mcv_prot}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_16_mod}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_16}}
{{Navigation-Line|Other (USA)}}{{Specs-Link|us_m2a2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t92}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m551}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_xm_8}}
{{Navigation-Line|Other (Britain)}}{{Specs-Link|uk_marmon_herrington_mk_6_6pdr}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_vfm_5}}
{{Navigation-Line|Other (China)}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_64}}
{{Navigation-Line|Other (Italy)}}{{Specs-Link|it_centauro_mgs_120}}
{{Navigation-Line|Other (France)}}{{Specs-Link|fr_vbci2_mct30}}

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{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==

The M2HB is a fairly standard 12.7 mm heavy machine gun, with decent rate of fire and a good belt capacity.

=== Available ammunition ===

In its most common role as a secondary (co-axial or pintle mounted) machine gun the M2HB can only be equipped with one ammo belt consisting of one Armour Piercing Incendiary Tracer (API-T) bullet, followed by one Incendiary (I) bullet, followed by one Armour Piecing (AP) bullet, followed by another API-T bullet. The AP bullet has the most penetration at 31 mm maximum, followed by the API-T bullet with 30 mm maximum. The incendiary bullet has very poor penetration with a maximum penetration of 3 mm.

The M2HB is also used as the primary weapon on some vehicles (predominantly SPAA, but also tanks such as the M2A2). In these cases the M2HB can be equipped with a number of different ammo belts. While none of these belts contain a higher maximum penetration than the default belt (31 mm), they consist of different combinations of rounds.

The full belts are:

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|M1 incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}
* '''Common:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|M1 incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}
* '''API:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|M8 armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}
* '''AP:''' {{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}
* '''APIT:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|AP, I, API-T, AP-I}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

The M2HB performs functionally identically to the [[M85 (12.7 mm)]] machine gun, the only other 12.7 mm machine gun used by the Americans. Like the M85 it has a slightly lower rate of fire than other 12.7 mm machine guns, but has a larger belt capacity.

== Usage in battles ==

Unlike lower calibre machine guns the M2HB has enough penetration to be able to penetrate the armour of lightly armoured tanks (or the side / rear armour of some more heavily armoured tanks). Bullets can also sometimes make it through armour holes such as the turret ring or mg port of tanks, injuring crew members. Like all other machine guns it can be used for incapacitating exposed crew members, as well as marking enemy vehicles and obscuring the view of enemy players (shooting at their gun sight). It also does more damage to enemy aircraft than lower calibre machine guns, and is usually mounted on top of the turret, making aiming at aircraft much easier than with a co-axial gun. Clearing trees and bushes is another use.

On most US tanks, there is a single pintle-mounted M2HB Browning machine gun mounted on the top of the turret. By using the "select machine gun" keybind, you can use it to shoot at enemies' gun barrels from behind cover. If they don't realize what you're doing, you will be able to destroy their gun and leave them defenseless.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Enough penetration to damage some enemy vehicles
* Good belt capacity
* Rate of fire is average
* 3/4 (75%) rounds in the belt have good penetration

'''Cons:'''

* Slower rate of fire than Soviet 12.7 mm machine guns

== History ==

The M2HB is an American .50 cal heavy machine gun, cambering the .50 BMG (12.7x99mm NATO) round; it is the "Heavy Barrel" version of the legendary Browning M2 series of machine guns. Machine guns used in the First World War tended to be of rifle calibre, however towards the end of the war it became apparent that larger calibre weapons were needed in order to defeat armoured vehicles and aircraft. In mid 1917, John Browning set about redesigning his M1917 machine gun (the same weapon the .30 cal [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|M1919]] was developed from), to chamber a .50 cal (12.7 mm) round. The new weapon was tested in October 1918 and was found to have poor rate of fire and inadequate penetration, as well as being heavy and hard to control. Further development work to improve the weapon's short comings resulted in the M1921, a .50 cal water-cooled machine gun, which entered testing 1921.

The M1921 entered service with the US Army and Navy in 1929. The weapon was very heavy at 121 lb (55 kg) and concerns were raised about its suitability for the role due to its extreme weight and the rapid overheating of the air-cooled version. After John Browning's death in 1926 work on the M1921 continued with a slightly improved M1921A1 version entering service in 1930. The M1921 was re-engineered with a new receiver design, and in 1933 it entered service as the M2 Browning.

The initial Browning M2s shared the same water-cooled barrel as the M1921 (and thus the same heavy weight of 55 kg). Like the M1921 the M2 proved to overheat rapidly without water cooling and so the M2HB (HB standing for "Heavy Barrel") was developed. The M2HB had a thicker and heavier barrel to help dissipate heat, as well as featuring the weapon's iconic short perforated barrel support and carry handle. Despite featuring a heavier barrel, the ditching of the water cooling system meant that the weight of the weapon could be reduced down to 84 lb (38 kg).

The M2 family saw widespread usage by the Allies in WW2 being mounted on armoured (un-armoured) vehicles, aircraft and ships; the M2 was also supplied with a tripod to infantry. The M2HB was pintle mounted on tanks and other armoured vehicles, as well as on jeeps and trucks; it was also mounted on tripods for use by infantry. After the war a plan was made to replace the M2 with the [[M85 (12.7 mm)|M85]], however the new weapon proved to be extremely unreliable and was withdrawn from service (ironically being replaced by the M2). Although the M2 Browning is mostly no longer used on aircraft (being replaced by the [[Browning M3 (12.7 mm)|M3]] and then by larger calibre cannons), the M2HB remains in service to this day with a wide range of nations. It is used on armoured vehicles, boats and by infantry. From 2010 the US army began replacing the M2HB with the upgraded M2A1 version, featuring a quick change barrel, a flash suppressor, and other improvements, the upgrade process is still ongoing with the plan being for all 54,000 of the army's M2 Browning machine guns to eventually be upgraded to M2A1 spec.

The Browning M2 remains the most produced heavy machine gun of all time with over 3,000,000 being manufactured.

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Weapon M2HB 12.7mm.jpg|The M2HB on the M24
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|VG3MzS1IgGU|'''M2 Browning: The WWII Machine Gun we Still Use Today''' - ''Sideprojects''|cmLnwiJRr78|'''Ma Deuce: The Venerable Browning M2 .50 Caliber HMG''' - ''Forgotten Weapons''|rsuGLHGcuik|'''Browning M2HB .50 BMG at the Range''' - ''Forgotten Weapons''}}

== See also ==


* [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)]] - Version used on aircraft
* [[Browning M3 (12.7 mm)]] - Variant used on aircraft, featuring much higher rate of fire
* [[M85 (12.7 mm)]] - A failed weapon planned to replace the M2HB
* [[L21A1 (12.7 mm)]] - A British version of the M2 used on the [[Chieftain (Family)|Chieftain]] tank as a ranging gun

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:M2_Browning|[Wikipedia] M2 Browning]]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=13 Military Factory - M2 Multi-role Heavy Machine Gun (HMG)]
* [https://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/u-s-a-machineguns/browning-m2hb-eng/ Modern Firearms - Browning M2HB]

{{Britain and USA anti-aircraft guns}}
{{Japan anti-aircraft guns}}
{{China anti-aircraft guns}}
{{Tank machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]
[[Category:Anti-aircraft guns]]