War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Ar 196 A-5 (Sweden)

2023-04-28T22:57:29Z

U121164631: /* History */

{{About
| about = bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the German version
| link = Ar 196 A-3
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=arado-196a-5
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Drone Age"]].

This is a version nearly identical to the [[Ar 196 A-3]] found in the German aviation and naval tree (as scout), with the singular upgrade of a significantly more potent rear defensive gun. It will do best in ground combat as the MG FF is effective against ground, plus the two 50 kg bombs for soft ground targets. The seaplane may have additional utility in Air Sim combat that has a water capture point.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The Arado Ar 196 A-5 features favourable flight characteristics - it is stable, and a good gun platform. Its flight performance may take enemy fighters off guard, as its turning ability rivals most monoplanes at lower ranks and it can hold its own against even biplanes. However, its weight and drag mean that its energy retention in the vertical is almost non-existent, meaning you'll want to keep your fights strictly horizontal. The aircraft also takes damage very well, able to fight decently even in a critically damaged state. Its speed is reasonable for an aircraft of its type, and its dive performance is favourable for a floatplane, but it will be outrun by essentially all dedicated fighters.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 2,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 300 || 292 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 22.2 || 23.2 || 4.1 || 4.1 || rowspan="2" | 450
|-
! Upgraded
| 344 || 320 || 19.9 || 21.0 || 11.2 || 7.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 170 || < 180 || < 165 || > ___
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The A-5 has no armour. The survivability though, is fairly average, being able to take a lot of small calibre fire but falling apart fairly quickly under anything higher in calibre than a heavy machine gun. The floats and engine in particular are fairly large targets, and with all of the 196's fuel stored in the floats, you don't want to be taking too much damage to them. The engine is fairly resilient, being able to hold out with large amounts of battle damage and even sustain flight with extreme engine damage, but as with any engine trouble it's paramount to return to base as soon as possible.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|MG FF (20 mm)|MG 17 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm MG FF cannons, wing-mounted (60 rpg = 120 total)
* 1 x 7.92 mm MG 17 machine gun, nose-mounted (500 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|SC50JA (50 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 2 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (100 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|MG 81 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 7.92 mm MG 81 machine guns, dorsal turret (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)

== Usage in battles ==

The Arado functions well as a support fighter, having good firepower out the back and front. A competent 196 pilot can turn the tide of a dogfight, as its turning ability and powerful weaponry make short work of early war fighters, this is one of the rare planes to mount 20 mm at this BR. The MG 81Z in the observer's position (twin MG 81s) is also a very real threat to enemy aircraft, sporting a very high fire rate with armour piercing and incendiary ammunition. The 196, however, does not have a huge amount of staying power in a fight, as its 20 mm cannons have a fairly average ammunition pool - and once it's depleted the pilot is left with only a single 7.92 mm MG 17. Its flaps, however, are very effective - meaning they drastically reduce the turning radius and have very high rip speeds, which can be used to its advantage during an engagement.

The Ar 196's speed is a limiting factor, as it can only chase down fairly slow aircraft, most of which are bombers or biplanes. It is recommended that you climb to a reasonable altitude, which will allow you to go into engagements with a speed advantage and not leave you stranded at low altitude with very little speed. Armed with only a pair of 50 kg bombs, the Arado does not make a very capable bomber, but it can put them to reasonably good use by taking out some light ground units before engaging enemies in the air.

Its cockpit visibility is reasonably good, with great views out the front and back, though spars somewhat obfuscate the view at both sides, meaning you may have to roll a little from side to side to gain visibility in those areas.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful offensive armament
* Potent defensive armament
* Well defended
* Reasonably rugged
* Great flaps
* Great flight characteristics for an aircraft of its type

'''Cons:'''

* Slow
* Vulnerable to damage to floats
* Poor bomb load

== History ==

The airplane was loved by its pilots, who found that it handled well both in the air and on the water.With the loss of the German surface fleet, the A-1s were added to coastal squadrons and continued to fly reconnaissance missions and submarine hunts into late 1944. Two notable operations were the capture of HMS ''Seal'', and the repeated interception of Royal Air Force Armstrong-Whitworth Whitley bombers. Although it was no match for a fighter, it was considerably better than its Allied counterparts, and generally considered the best of its class.Owing to its good handling on water, the Finnish Air Force utilized Ar 196 A-3s which were later upgraded to A-5s in mid-1944 for reconnaissance duties as well as supply runs, several troops could fit inside its fuselage.[''citation needed'']

Two Arado Ar 196s were brought to Penang in Japanese-occupied Malaya aboard the auxiliary cruisers ''Thor'' and ''Michel'' in the early 1940s. In March 1944, along with a Japanese Aichi E13A, these floatplanes formed the newly-created East Asia Naval Special Service to assist both the German Monsun Gruppe and Japanese naval forces in the area. The aircraft were painted in Japanese livery and were operated by Luftwaffe pilots under the command of Oberleutnant Ulrich Horn''.''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=arado-196a-5 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Ar 196 A-3]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[He 51 B-2/H]]
* [[Late 298D]]
* [[S17BS]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Arado}}
{{Sweden bombers}}
{{Sweden premium aircraft}}

Merkava Mk.3C

2023-04-28T22:54:06Z

U121164631: /* History */

{{About
| about = Israeli medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Merkava (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=il_merkava_mk_3c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Drone Age"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,860|rbMinHp=1,061}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|IMI MG251 (120 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[IMI MG251 (120 mm)|120 mm IMI MG251]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 46 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 32.4 || 44.8 || 54.4 || 60.2 || 64.0 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 20.2 || 23.8 || 28.9 || 32.0 || 34.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:IMI MG251 (120 mm)/Ammunition|M325, M339, M322}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Merkava_Mk.3B.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''46''' || 45 ''(+1)'' || 43 ''(+3)'' || 42 ''(+4)'' || 24 ''(+22)'' || 6 ''(+40)'' || 1 ''(+45)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,000 (200) || 577 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 6,000 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle (loader) || 1,800 (200) || 600 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
| Pintle (commander) || 1,800 (200) || 600 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Effective Armor

* Superior Crew Layout

* High amount of Smokes

'''Cons:'''

* Large Weak Spots

* Slow

* Large Profile

* Very weak hull

== History ==


The Merkava Mark III was introduced in December 1989 and was in production until 2003. As of 2016, the Merkava III is by far the most numerous tank in frontline IDF service. Compared to the Merkava II, it has upgrades to the drivetrain, powertrain, armament, and electronic systems. The most prominent addition was the incorporation of the locally developed IMI 120 mm gun. This gun and a larger 1,200 horsepower (890 kW) diesel engine raised the total weight of the tank to 65 tonnes (143,000 lb), but the larger engine raised the maximum cruising speed to 60 km/h (37 mph).

The turret was re-engineered for movement independent of the tank chassis, allowing it to track a target regardless of the tank's movement. Many other changes were made, including:

* External two-way telephone for secure communications between the tank crew and dismounted infantry,
* Upgraded ammunition storage containers to minimize ammunition cook-off,
* Addition of laser designators,
* Incorporation of the ''Kasag'' modular armor system, designed for rapid replacement and repair in the battlefield and for quick upgrading as new designs and sophisticated materials become available,

==== BAZ System ====
The 1995 Mark III BAZ (Hebrew acronym for ''ברק זוהר'', ''Barak Zoher'', signifying ''Shining Lightning''[''citation needed'']) had several updates and added systems including:

* NBC protection systems,
* Locally developed central air-conditioning system,
* Added improvements in ballistic protection,
* The Mark IIID has removable modular composite armor on the chassis and turret.

==== Dor-Dalet ====
The last generation of the Mark III class was the Mark IIID ''Dor-Dalet'' (Hebrew: ''Fourth Generation''), which included several components as prototypes to be introduced in the Mark IV.

* Upgraded and strengthened tracks (built by Caterpillar, designed in Israel),
* Installation of the Rafael Overhead Weapon Station.
* Independent, fully stabilised, panoramic commander's sights allowing "hunter-killer" ability.
* Advanced thermal imagers for both gunner and commander.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=il_merkava_mk_3c Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{TankManufacturer Israeli Ordnance Corps}}
{{Israel medium tanks}}

A-4H (Israel)

2023-04-28T22:51:17Z

U121164631: /* History */

{{About
| about = strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = A-4 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=a_4h
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Winged Lions"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,074 || 1,063 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 34.7 || 35.9 || 40.8 || 40.3 || rowspan="2" | 1,000
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,102 || 1,087 || 33.6 || 34.0 || 70.2 || 55.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,167 || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 592 || 562 || 410 || ~8 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 450 || < 700 || < 490 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Pratt & Whitney J52-P-8A || 1
| colspan="2" | 4,749 kg || colspan="3" | 299 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 11m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 39m fuel
|-
| 950 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 5,489 kg || 5,992 kg || 6,613 kg || 7,217 kg || 11,113 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 11m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 39m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,754 kgf || N/A
| 0.68 || 0.63 || 0.57 || 0.52 || 0.34
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 3,754 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.68 || 0.63 || 0.57 || 0.52 || 0.34
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|DEFA 552 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm DEFA 552 cannons, belly-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|SAMP Mk 81 (250 lb)||SAMP Mk 82 (500 lb)|SAMP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)}}
{{main|100/50 kg G.P. (100 kg)|250/50 kg G.P. (250 kg)|360/50 kg G.P. (360 kg)|500/50 kg G.P. (500 kg)|Mk 77 mod 4 incendiary}}
{{main|FFAR Mighty Mouse|Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP|Mk 11 mod 5 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance presets:

* Without load
* 171 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 36 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 20 x 100/50 kg G.P. bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 14 x 250/50 kg G.P. bombs (3,500 kg total)
* 3 x 360/50 kg G.P. bombs (1,080 kg total)
* 3 x 500/50 kg G.P. bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 1 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bomb (2,000 lb total)
* 9 x Mk 77 mod 4 incendiary bombs
* 3 x 20 mm Mk 11 mod 5 cannons (750 rpg = 2,250 total)

==== Custom loadout options ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="9%" | 1 !! width="9%" | 2 !! width="9%" | 3 !! width="9%" | 4 !! width="9%" | 5
| rowspan="14" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_A-4E_Early.png]]</div>
|-
! 20 mm Mk 11 mod 5 cannons (750 rpg)
| || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! 100/50 kg G.P. bombs
| 1 || 6 || 6 || 6 || 1
|-
! 250 lb SAMP Mk 81 bombs
| 1 || 6 || 6 || 6 || 1
|-
! 250/50 kg G.P. bombs
| 1 || 3 || 6 || 3 || 1
|-
! 360/50 kg G.P. bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! 500 lb SAMP Mk 82 bombs
| 1 || 3 || 6 || 3 || 1
|-
! 500/50 kg G.P. bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! 1,000 lb SAMP Mk 83 bombs
| || 1 || 3 || 1 ||
|-
! 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs
| || || 1 || ||
|-
! Mk 77 mod 4 incendiary bombs
| 1 || 2 || 3 || 2 || 1
|-
! FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
| 19 || 38 || 57 || 38 || 19
|-
! Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
| 4 || 8 || 12 || 8 || 4
|-
| colspan="6" | Maximum permissible weight: 2,710 kg Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 900 kg
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The A-4H is a versatile aircraft which fits into a wide range of playstyles. Varying from close air support (CAS) to base bomber or even as an air superiority fighter. Players who yield such a tool as the A-4H Skyhawk have a lot of options when it comes to playstyle choices.

'''Ground Realistic Battles (RB)'''

For those interested in its CAS abilities, it comes with a wide range of ordnance and a radar warning receiver (RWR). The best way to utilise the plane in this role is to use the ordnance to aid allied ground units in tight situations and clear a path for them to reach their respective objectives. RWR will help you by making you aware of any enemy or allied anti-air systems that choose to make you their prey.

'''Air Battles (AB/RB/SB)'''

For those interested in Air Battles, there are multiple ways you can make yourself an asset to the team. You can use your very respectable bomb and rocket payloads to help allies destroy enemy bases and ground units to bleed tickets.

The A-4H can also go in light as an air superiority fighter. The plane has a good rate of climb and roll rate, meaning you can employ hit and run tactics on your opponents, or go all-in and get personal with the enemy aircraft. The A-4's biggest opponents are the MiG-15/17 and G.91 R series. The A-4H is a very capable plane in the right hands but is hard to fly, especially against a proven aircraft such as the MiG-17. The poor energy retention can put you at a huge disadvantage against such opponents if you are not careful in managing your air speed. This means that you should only engage in tight and personal fights when you are sure you can finish them quickly and escape. For those who are newer, staying close to teammates and helping each other is generally a very effective tactic in the A-4H and generally yields the best chance for survival and success in the Skyhawk. For those more daring, flying solo is very possible but requires and higher level of awareness and tactical knowledge, the unforgiving nature of the plane depends on it.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent acceleration and climb rate
* Good roll rate
* Good instantaneous turn rate
* Good variety of ground attack ordnance
* Twin 30 mm DEFA cannons will take down any enemy aircraft
* Can carry 3 x additional 20 mm Mk 11 cannons
* You can't deploy landing flaps if your flight speed is too high, avoiding accidental destruction

'''Cons:'''

* Wings rip easily in tight high speed manoeuvres
* Low ammo on main guns
* Poor energy retention
* Wing slats extend only at very low speeds
* No air-to-air missiles (AAMs)
* Only one fuel tank is self-sealing (the one in the fuselage)
* Carrying heavy payload significantly reduces flight performance

== Operational History ==


Israel was the largest export customer for Skyhawks. The Skyhawk was the first U.S. warplane to be offered to the Israeli Air Force, marking the point where the U.S. took over from France as Israel's chief military supplier. Deliveries began after the Six-Day War, and A-4s soon formed the backbone of the IAF's ground-attack force. In IAF Service, the A-4 Skyhawk was named as the ''Ayit'' (Hebrew: עיט, for Eagle).

They cost only a quarter of what a Phantom II cost and carried half of its payload. Starting in 1966, Israel purchased 217 A-4s, plus another 46 that were transferred from U.S. units in Operation Nickel Grass to compensate for large losses during the Yom Kippur War.

An Israeli Air Force A-4F Skyhawk on display

In the late 1960s and 1970s, Israeli Air Force Skyhawks were the primary ground attack aircraft in the War of Attrition and the Yom Kippur War. Skyhawks carried out bombing missions in the Yom Kippur War, and a considerable proportion of the tactical sorties. ACIG.org claims that at least nine A-4 Skyhawks were downed by MiG-21s and MiG-17s during Yom Kippur war. Formal Israeli sources claim only five Israeli Air Force aircraft, of any type, were shot down in air-to-air duels.

In May 1970, an Israeli Skyhawk piloted by Col. Ezra Dotan shot down two MiG-17s over south Lebanon (one with unguided rockets, the other with 30 mm cannon fire) even though the Skyhawk's head-up display has no "air-to-air mode". However, up to three Skyhawks were downed by Egyptian MiG-21 fighters, plus two were downed by Soviet-piloted MiG-21s during the War of Attrition.

A special version of the A-4 was developed for the IAF, the A-4H. This was an A-4E which featured improved avionics and the improved thrust J52-P-8A engine. Armament consisted of twin DEFA 30 mm cannon in place of the Colt Mk.12 20 mm cannons. Later modifications included the avionics hump and an extended tailpipe, implemented in Israel by IAI. The extended tailpipe gave greater protection against heat-seeking surface-to-air missiles. A total of 90 A-4Hs were delivered, and were Heyl Ha'avir's (Israels Air Force) primary attack plane in the War of Attrition.

IAF A-4Hs awaiting disposal in 2009 following their retirement

In early 1973, the improved A-4N Skyhawk for Israel entered service, based on the A-4M models used by the U.S. Marine Corps. The different model Skyhawks carried out bombing missions in the Yom Kippur War, and a considerable proportion of the tactical sorties. They also attacked in Operation Peace for the Galilee, and one of them shot down a Syrian MiG-17.

The IAF also operated two-seat models, for operations as well as advanced training and retraining. The first training models arrived in 1967, with the first batch of Skyhawks. During the Yom Kippur war, the Skyhawk order of battle was reinforced with TA-4F and TA-4J models. The IAF selected in 2003 RADA Electronic Industries Ltd. to upgrade its A-4 trainer fleet with weapon delivery, navigation and training systems. Integration of a multifunction and Head-up Display produced an advanced Lead in fighter trainer for the IAF's future fighter pilots.[''citation needed'']

According to acig.org, Syria claimed that two Israeli A-4 Skyhawks were downed by Syrian MiG-23s over northern Lebanon on 26 April 1981. However, official Israeli Air Force statistics do not list any downing of Israeli warplanes since the Yom Kippur War, and no loss of aircraft was reported on that date.

During the 1982 Lebanon War an Israeli A-4 piloted by Aharon Achiaz was shot down over Lebanon by a SA-7 on 6 June 1982. Israel reported this was one of its only two fixed-wing aircraft shot down over the Beqaa Valley during air battles spanning from 6 June 1982 to 11 June 1982 where 150 aircraft took part, including the battle on 9 June 1982 known as Operation Mole Cricket 19.

In October 2008, it was decided due to maintenance issues that the A-4 Skyhawk fleet would be withdrawn and replaced by more modern aircraft, able to perform equally well in the training role and, if required, close support and interdiction missions on the battlefield. Some of Israel's A-4s were later exported to Indonesia. The Skyhawks have been replaced by F-16s in combat roles but are still used for pilot training. All the remaining A-4s aircraft were to be fully phased out beginning by 2014 as the IAF accepts delivery of Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master jets. Skyhawks were last used in combat operations in the Israel airforce in 2012, when they dropped leaflets over Gaza in 2012.

In July 2013, Israel began a program called ''Teuza'' (boldness) for the purpose of turning some military bases into sales lots for obsolete IDF equipment. Older models that are not suited for Israel's modern high-tech forces will be sold off, or sold for scrap if there are no buyers. A-4 Skyhawk jets are among those being offered.

On 13 December 2015, all remaining Israeli A-4 Skyhawks were retired from service. The retirement ceremony took place at Hatzerim IDF base.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=a_4h Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.ru/index.php?/topic/318988-a-4h-israel/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance | Russian forum only]

{{AirManufacturer Douglas}}
{{Israel jet aircraft}}

Shahak

2023-04-28T22:48:11Z

U121164631: /* History */

{{About
| about = Israeli jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Mirage III (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=mirage_3cj
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Winged Lions"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 12,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,084 || 2,042 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 29.6 || 30.2 || 108.9 || 96.9 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,240 || 2,160 || 26.5 || 28.0 || 173.4 || 140.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || X || X || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || N/A || ~12 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 920 || < 750 || < 650 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | SNECMA Atar 9B || 1
| colspan="2" | 6,340 kg || colspan="2" | 258 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 28m fuel
|-
| 1,333 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 6,900 kg || 7,673 kg || 8,206 kg || 10,950 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 28m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 4,230 kgf || 6,090 kgf
| 0.88 || 0.79 || 0.74 || 0.56
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 5,118 kgf (1,200 - 1,400 km/h) || 8,253 kgf (1,400 km/h)
| 1.20 || 1.08 || 1.01 || 0.75
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

Due to the size of the Mirage IIICJ, its survivability is rather low. The large engine that covers almost half the length of your fuselage is very vulnerable to enemy fire. Any damage which will significantly decrease your power output and the massive wings will lose a large amount of lift when damaged.

The plane includes an RWR (radar warning receiver), which can be rather helpful.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|DEFA 552A (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm DEFA 552A cannons, belly-mounted (125 rpg = 250 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|SAMP Type 25 (250 kg)|SAMP Type 21 (400 kg)}}
{{main|AIM-9D Sidewinder|Matra R530|Matra R530E|Shafrir 2}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance presets:

* Without load
* 2 x Shafrir 2 missiles
* 2 x AIM-9D Sidewinder missiles
* 1 x Matra R530 missile
* 1 x Matra R530E missile
* 2 x 250 kg SAMP Type 25 bombs (500 kg total)
* 2 x 400 kg SAMP Type 21 bombs (800 kg total)

==== Custom loadout options ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="15%" | 1 !! width="15%" | 2 !! width="15%" | 3
| rowspan="7" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! 250 kg SAMP Type 25 bombs
| || 2 ||
|-
! 400 kg SAMP Type 21 bombs
| || 2 ||
|-
! AIM-9D Sidewinder missiles
| 1 || || 1
|-
! Matra R530 missiles
| || 1 ||
|-
! Matra R530E missiles
| || 1 ||
|-
! Shafrir 2 missiles
| 1 || || 1
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

In Air RB, it is recommended to climb and use your decent radar and Matra R530 SARH missiles against unsuspecting aircraft (such as Harriers, A-5C, F-5C, MiG-21S and more). The R530 missile has pretty good range and can hit opponents coming head-on even when launched from the maximum range (~12 km or 7.5 mi at ~5 km or ~3 mi altitude or more) while also being agile enough to hit targets that try to manoeuvre at higher altitudes.

The aircraft also comes with the Matra R530E which is the infrared variant of the R530. It can be used at medium range at high altitude (preferable side-on) but it will be a missile that you rarely use since you have access to two AIM-9D missiles that are superior to the 530E. The R530E could then be traded for bombs or the regular R530 which also has all-aspect capabilities.

There is also the Shafrir 2 IR missile which, despite featuring a caged seeker head, has great manoeuvrability as well as a long motor burn time. However, the missile has a relatively short range, and has difficulty hitting targets going the same speed as you at low altitude.

The AIM-9D is one of the longest-range missiles of the AIM-9 family, featuring a motor and aerodynamics almost identical to the AIM-9G/9H with an inferior seeker head and gimbal limits. It can effectively destroy aircraft 5-6 km rear aspect at ~5 km, ~3 mi altitude or more with the only drawback being that it is angled downwards with a caged seeker before launch making it slightly harder to use.

The aircraft itself features a powerful engine and a delta wing configuration which allow it to accelerate at a decent rate and have great maneuverability but the control surfaces become less responsive at higher altitudes.

In summary, a valid tactic is to start climbing at 20-25 degrees once you take off until you reach an altitude where your missiles can use their full range at the start of the battle, use your radar to lock on an enemy and fire your R530 missiles hopefully scoring a kill while avoiding sharp turns and doing your best to keep your speed high. Having high speed not only makes it harder for enemies to catch up to you or use their missiles to hit you, it also makes your missiles have an even longer range. Once you see that there are no more enemies at your altitude, there are most likely either a few running people on the enemy team left or there is a furball. In both cases you have the ability to sneak up on the enemy from your higher altitude and fire your missiles off scoring even more kills. One thing to keep in mind though is that the AIM-9D pulls too much lead when fired off from side-aspect so it will be easier to dodge.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Greatly manoeuvrable
* Good air-to-air missiles
* 30 mm DEFA cannons are deadly at close ranges

'''Cons:'''

* Bleeds speed fairly quickly in sharp turns
* No countermeasures (no flares or chaff)

== Operational History ==

On 29 November 1966, the pilot of an Israeli Air Force Dassault Mirage III shot down two Egyptian MiG-19s which were trying to intercept an Israeli reconnaissance Piper J-3 Cub in Israeli airspace. The first MiG was destroyed with a R.530 radar guided missile fired from less than a mile away, marking the first aerial kill for the French-made missile. The second MiG-19 was dispatched with cannon fire.

Mirage IIIC for the Israeli Air Force, fitted with simpler electronics and with provision for the booster rocket removed. 72 delivered between 1961 and 1964. 19 later sold to Argentina and delivered between December 1982 and February 1983

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=mirage_3cj Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|456XzilUyHI|'''Mirage IIICJ: A Basic Review''' - ''Tims Variety''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Mirage III (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Dassault}}
{{Israel jet aircraft}}

Spitfire Mk IXc (Israel)

2023-04-28T22:37:51Z

U121164631: /* History */

{{About
| about = fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Spitfire (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=spitfire_mk9c_iaf
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Winged Lions"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 8,537 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 627 || 609 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.1 || 18.7 || 15.8 || 15.8 || rowspan="2" | 380
|-
! Upgraded
| 676 || 650 || 16.4 || 17.2 || 24.4 || 19.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 230 || ~12 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 321 || < 400 || < 350 || > 450
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)|Browning (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, wing-mounted (120 rpg = 240 total)
* 4 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (350 rpg = 1,400 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M57 (250 lb)|Flz.-Rakete Oerlikon}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (500 lb total)
* 2 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs + 16 x Flz.-Rakete Oerlikon rockets (500 lb total)
* 16 x Flz.-Rakete Oerlikon rockets

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

Although there were wartime conversions of the Spitfire into a two-seat trainer including the one-off modification of a Mk Vc by RAF no. 261 Squadron and a Mk IX converted for use as a trainer by the Soviets, the two-seat Spitfire trainer was primarily a postwar programme. In 1946, a Mk VIII (''MT818'') was the first Vickers-built trainer built as a demonstrator, but in 1948, 10 '''Spitfire T Mk IX'''s, were exported to India. In 1951, a further six '''TR 9''' trainers were converted from the standard Mk IX to train pilots for the Irish Air Corps (IAC) Seafire fleet. The Spitfires provided transition training that included gunnery practice since the type was equipped with two .303 Browning machine guns, one in each outer wing bay. Most of the TR 9 aircraft passed to the ground technical training school at Baldonnel where they were used as instructional airframes for the training of aircraft engineers for the Air Corps. Four of the IAC aircraft survived and two went on to join the warbird fleet in the 1970s and later.

In total, 5,656 Mk IXs were built, 561 by Supermarine and 5,095 by Castle Bromwich. Production of the Mk IX ended in April 1945 and, in combination with the Mk XVI this "compromise" was produced in larger numbers than any other Spitfire variant.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=spitfire_mk9c_iaf Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Spitfire (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Supermarine}}
{{Israel fighters}}

VL Pyörremyrsky

2023-04-28T22:28:27Z

U121164631: /* History */

{{Specs-Card
|code=pyorremyrsky
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_pyorremyrsky.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.93 "Shark Attack"]] as a [[wt:en/news/6450-development-pyörremyrsky-the-nordic-whirlwind-en|premium pack]], but was removed from the Gaijin store after the [[wt:en/news/7674-shop-may-sale-en|2022 May sale]]. It was re-introduced as a regular in-game premium for {{GE}} in [[Update "Fire and Ice"]].

Though the Pyörremyrsky shares some design traits with the [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109 series]] of German fighters, it is in fact a completely domestic Finnish design and has significantly different flight characteristics.

From 1942, the superiority of the Red Army Air Force over the Finnish was becoming increasingly obvious. While 160 modern Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-2, G-6 and other versions were transferred to the Finnish Air Force by Germany between 1942 to 1944, the situation began to deteriorate among the Axis countries, and due to the increasing successes (especially from the second half of 1943) of the countries of the Allies, it became obvious that further deliveries of new Bf 109s as well as spare parts for them would become more and more problematic.

In this situation, the command of the Finnish Air Force ordered LV to develop a fighter that was to be made of domestic materials (mainly wood and steel) and which was to have characteristics comparable to the Bf 109 G-6. Engineers T. R. Verkola, Arvo Ilinen, and Edward Vigelius proposed an aerodynamically clean low-wing aircraft equipped with a German twelve-cylinder double-row inverted gear motor Daimler-Benz DB 605AC, developing 1,475 hp (1,085 kW) and rotating the German three-bladed VDM propeller. In the project, the fairing of the propeller sleeve and the engine hood were borrowed from the German fighter, which made the new Finnish aircraft, designated Pyórremyrsky (hurricane), very similar in front to the Bf 109 G.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 596 || 580 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.0 || 19.6 || 14.3 || 14.3 || rowspan="2" | 390
|-
! Upgraded
| 647 || 620 || 17.1 || 18.0 || 23.9 || 18.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 437 || 408 || 260 || ~14 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 450 || < 390 || < 450 || > 715
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


This aircraft, having only one spar in each wing along with its water coolant system, is not a hugely durable aircraft - though it's not fragile either. The combined 20mm of spaced amour behind the pilot is fairly effective for protection but a lack of any frontal armour makes the Pyörremyrsky very vulnerable in head ons or in bomber hunting.

* 10 mm Steel - Pilot's seat
* 10 mm Steel - Behind pilot
* Self-sealing fuel tank (1 behind pilot)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|MG 151 (20 mm)|LKk/42 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon, nose-mounted (150 rpg)
* 2 x 12.7 mm LKk/42 machine guns, nose-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Model 1938 (50 kg)|Model 1938 (100 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 4 x 50 kg Model 1938 bombs (200 kg total)
* 4 x 100 kg Model 1938 bombs (400 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==
This 1945 aircraft is not a great fighter to low-level pursuits where really great top speed is crucial. But instead, use this plane for medium-altitude engagements. Where an altitude advantage allows the Pyörremyrsky to increase the speed and surprise its enemies with a proper turn rate. This aircraft excels in both boom 'n' zoom but is also an excellent dogfighter, sporting fantastic low speed handling characteristics (especially with combat and takeoff flaps), a steady gun platform and, as previously mentioned, a fairly tight turning circle.

The Pyörremyrsky climbs really good and maintains adequate speed up to approximately 5,000 m, this is more than enough speed to initiate combat actions, albeit Finnish pilots can continue the climb to allow themselves more combat choices. Oppositely, they can remain below the 5,000 m and work together with their Swedish brothers to down all the enemy team; the Pyörremyrsky often acting as the decoy. The engine power is favourable, and under WEP produces over 1,400HP which the Pyörremyrsky can maintain almost indefinitely with proper radiator and oil radiator management.

The intercepting role varies somewhat nonetheless. Pyörremyrsky does not offer great frontal protection, so engaging bombers with good turret protection is not the best idea. Specially bombers like the mighty Soviet [[Pe-8]] or the German [[He 219 A-7]] which are loaded with high-calibre weapons able to harm your pilot with a direct shot or break the light Pyörremyrsky apart. The rather reserved ammo count also limits the input damage against bombers. Because of that same reason, head-on attacks are ill-advised, only should be attempted versus planes with a good turn rate and light airframe. Usually the Japanese [[A6M3|Zeros]], The British [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfires]] or the Italian [[C.205 (Family)|C.205s]]. Though, there are exceptions where the player must know how to engage a specific enemy. When to dive away or when to engage in a turning duel.

=== Ground Battles ===
The Pyörremyrsky is not the fastest plane in here. Therefore players need to consider 2 main roles if they seek good rewards in the Pyörremyrsky flying over the tank's battlefield.

'''Air Superiority role'''

In this role the Pyörremyrsky will take no bombs and instead climb over the battlefield, diving down and taking attacks of opportunity against enemy aircraft. The aircraft excels in this role as it preserves energy well and even if lured into a low level dogfight, will still be in home turf if in the hands of a skilled pilot.

Generally, the target planes are attackers with low top speed or fighters with bombs, so the Pyörremyrsky should have no trouble downing them with a surprise advantage.

'''Close air support'''

Here the Pyörremyrsky performs as a light strike fighter armed with the 4 x 100 kg bombs. This bomb load for a single engined fighter is very good and lends the Pyörremyrsky a fantastic multi-role capability. The bombs can inflict some serious damage and then the aircraft can serve to preserve air superiority over the battle.

Crew exposed vehicles or light tanks can also be destroyed with the heavy machine guns or cannons, both of which have good AP belts and can inflict some damage to armoured vehicles from a top-down approach.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very good climb rate, can outclimb even the Bf 109 G-2 and J2Ms to common combat altitude
* Good armament, MG 151/20 and two 12.7 mm LKk/42 both nose mounted
* The LKk/42 MGs can load entirely AP ammunition that can penetrate 26 mm of armour
* Good turn rate, can outturn some Merlin Spitfires in sustained turnfight
* Decent flaps allow for decreased turn rate
* Fantastic engine characteristics (overheating can be negated entirely)
* Very steady and reliable gun platform

'''Cons:'''

* Not hugely fast, Spitfire and Bf 109 series outrun it
* No frontal armour protection
* Not best suited to bomber hunting

== History ==


As Finland found itself still at war with the Soviet Union in 1942, with no end in sight, it turned to ways to bolster its military force. In order to become as self sufficient as possible, it was engaged in various projects for domestically designed and produced weapons systems. The VL Myrsky project was severely behind schedule and the air force realised that it would be outclassed by the newer Soviet aircraft by the time it reached production. With this in mind, it placed order number 2012/42 on 26th November 1942 for a new aircraft design, under the name Pyörremyrsky.

The State Aircraft Factory (Valtion Lentokonetehdas) was tasked with producing the new fighter and Captain of Engineering Torsti Verkkola was assigned chief designer of the team. The main premise was that the aircraft was to be made out of wood, as much as was possible, and that it was to be comparable with the German Messerschmitt Bf 109G. Verkkola used the Bf 109 as the base for his design, making modifications to allow it to be produced with local skills and materials. However, as the war dragged on, and the Finnish Air Force required more proven aircraft, as well as repairs to the planes already in service, the Pyörremyrsky found itself given a lower priority.

Upon the cessation of hostilities between Finland and the Soviet Union in September 1944, the Pyörremyrsky project had only a partially completed prototype and the Ministry of Defence (puolustusministeriö) cancelled the advance order of 40 aircraft, as well as the second prototype on the 29th September, but they did allow the first prototype to be completed. In Autumn 1945 the prototype, now christened PM-1 (which led to the nickname Puu-Mersu or Wooden Messerschmitt), was ready for pilot tests. On the 21st of November 1945, Luutnantti (Lieutenant) Esko Halme took off in PM-1 from Tampere-Härmälän airfield. The flight only lasted 25 minutes as part of the engines’ exhaust system came loose, forcing an emergency landing as Lt. Halme was unable to see through the exhaust blowing into his cockpit. Despite the incident, Halme reported good flying controls and characteristics. PM-1 would do 2 more test flights at Härmälän airfield before moving to Kuorevesi for Air Force testing. In total 31 test flights were performed, amounting to 27 hours of flight time. All 8 pilots reported the same, smooth and controlled flying characteristics, good speed and turning ability, however it was not quite up to the same performance of the Bf 109 G but close enough. The last flight of PM-1 was on the 22nd of July 1947, when Kapteeni (Captain) Osmo Kauppinen took off for a 20 minute general test flight. After this it was put into storage until it was officially removed from the Air Force’s rolls on the 1st April 1953. This was mainly due to the lack of ability to source new engine parts as part of the armistice Finland signed with the Allies forbade them from receiving military goods from Germany, as well as the decline of the piston aircraft as a fighter.

The Air Force didn’t want such a unique piece of Finnish aviation history to be scrapped however and ordered it to be preserved. It was sent to the State Aircraft Factory’s depot and was refurbished in the early 1970’s and sent to the Finnish Air Force Museum, where it is still on display.

The experiences learnt with the Pyörremyrsky were not totally in vain or wasted as the basic design was used in the development of the VL Vihuri fighter trainer.

=== Design ===
Conceptually, the Pyörremyrsky was very similar to the Bf 109G: it was powered by the same Daimler Benz DB605 engine and had a similar armament, consisting of one hub-mounted 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon and two 12.7 mm hood-mounted machine guns. However, the design was optimized for domestic production, making maximum use of wooden sub-assemblies, and crucially, unlike the Bf 109, it used a wing-mounted landing gear with a wide ground track, giving the design better handling on the ground.

=== Testing ===
Design and construction of the Pyörremyrsky met significant delays, and while the original tender called for a prototype to be ready in May 1944, it wasn't until 21 November 1945 that the prototype was ready and made its first flight.

The prototype was designated PM-1. PM being its intended type designation and 1 being its airframe number. The designation PM is an abbreviation of '''P'''yörre'''m'''yrsky.

Flight trials of the Pyörremyrsky revealed some minor issues, but other than that, the design was very promising. Performance of the Pyörremyrsky was very similar to that of the Bf 109G, but it had a superior climbing speed and proved to be very agile. One major worry, however, was the quality of the glue used to bind the wooden components.

=== Fate ===
The end of the War saw Finland's military subjected to severe restrictions under the Moscow Armistice, which also called for a reduction of its forces. This limited the air force to only 60 fighter aircraft. As a result, the Pyörremyrsky became surplus before it even reached production as Finland chose to retain the Messerschmitt Bf 109 G as its primary fighter for economical reasons. The last of the Finnish Bf 109 Gs bowed out of service on March 13th 1954. The sole completed prototype of the Pyörremyrsky was put into storage after its last flight on July 22nd 1947, and stricken from the Finnish Air Force's inventory on April 1st 1953. Fortunately the prototype was preserved: it is now displayed at the Aviation Museum of Central Finland in Tikkakoski.

=== Legacy ===
Fortunately the Pyörremyrsky legacy continued even after the prototype was grounded. In 1948, construction started on a replacement of the VL Pyry trainer. The new design reused the wing design of the Pyörremyrsky in combination with a new fuselage. This aircraft, which was constructed by the successor of VL, Valmet, was named Vihuri (Gale) and first flew on February 6th 1951. The Vihuri prototype was designated VH-1, VH being an abbreviation of '''V'''i'''h'''uri.

After successful tests the Finnish air force ordered 30 aircraft on 27 February 1951. These were collectively called Vihuri sarja (series) II and carried the numbers VH-2 to VH-31. Series II were entered service in 1953 and this prompted the Finnish air force to order yet another 20 aircraft by autumn 1954. These aircraft were collectively called Vihuri series III and carried the numbers VH-32 to VH-51. All of series III were handed over to the Finnish air force on 15 January 1957.

Unlike the Pyörremyrsky the Vihuri was entirely constructed from metal. As a trainer it was a sound design, however it suffered badly in the engine department. The Vihuri design used old Tampere (Bristol) Mercury engines which had been recuperated from scrapped Bristol Blenheim bombers. These engines were already worn out by the time they were installed on the trainers which lead to a lot of breakdowns. After a string of fatal accidents the design was placed under severe suspicion and in March of 1957 all the Vihuri's were grounded after an accident was caused by structural failure. A subsequent inquest showed this particular accident as well as most of the previous ones were caused by pilots violating the flight safety regulations, taking the aircraft beyond its structural limitations. The Vihuri was returned to service in May of 1957, but following two further fatal accidents in 1959 the type was permanently grounded and stricken from the Finnish Air Force's inventory, with 31 out of 32 surviving airframes being sold for scrap; ironically it was outlasted in service by the Pyry (withdrawing in 1962), the design it was supposed to replace as a trainer. The sole surviving complete Vihuri is now displayed next to the sole surviving Pyörremyrsky at the Tikkakoski air force museum.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=pyorremyrsky Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
File:Pyorremyrsky WTWallpaper 001.jpg
File:Pyorremyrsky WTWallpaper 002.jpg
File:Pyorremyrsky WTWallpaper 003.jpg
File:Pyorremyrsky WTWallpaper 004.jpg
File:Pyorremyrsky WTWallpaper 005.jpg
File:Pyorremyrsky WTWallpaper 006.jpg
File:Pyorremyrsky WTWallpaper 007.jpg
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|u_HsKH1DYlc|'''Premium Vehicles: VL Pyörremyrsky''' - ''War Thunder Wiki''|ZPGPaceu1oI|'''Pyörremyrsky "One Hard Hitting Finn!"''' - ''Bo Time Gaming''|AKxlwtWIlSI|'''The Shooting Range #173''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:47 discusses the Pyörremyrsky.
}}

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Yakovlev [[Yak-9 (Family)|Yak-9]]
* Macchi [[C.205 (Family)|C.205]]
* Fiat [[G.55 (Family)|G.55]]
* Reggiane [[Re.2005 serie 0|Re.2005]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6448-development-py%C3%B6rremyrsky-the-nordic-whirlwind-en|[Development] Pyörremyrsky: The Nordic Whirlwind]]
* [[wikipedia:VL_Pyörremyrsky|[Wikipedia] VL Pyörremyrsky]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/474725-pyorremyrsky/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer VL}}
{{Sweden fighters}}
{{Sweden premium aircraft}}

Meteor F.8 (Israel)

2023-04-28T22:23:00Z

U121164631: /* History */

{{Specs-Card
|code=meteor_fmk8_iaf
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Winged Lions"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 100 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 920 || 897 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.1 || 24.7 || 33.6 || 31.7 || rowspan="2" | 325
|-
! Upgraded
| 976 || 962 || 22.2 || 23.0 || 47.4 || 40.2
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 999  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 495 || 462 || 290 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 560 || < 600 || < 620 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Derwent 8 || 2
| colspan="2" | 5,496 kg || colspan="2" | 216 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 7m fuel || 20m fuel || 23m fuel
|-
| 443 kg || colspan="2" | Centrifugal-flow turbojet
| 5,953 kg || 6,796 kg || 7,020 kg || 8,061 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 7m fuel || 20m fuel || 23m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,633 kgf || N/A
| 0.55 || 0.48 || 0.47 || 0.41
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,633 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.55 || 0.48 || 0.47 || 0.41
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.V cannons, nose-mounted (200 rpg upper + 190 rpg lower = 780 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AR}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 8 x AR rockets

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

Due to tensions between the newly formed nation of Israel and its neighbours, both sides had commenced an arms race which led to jet aircraft being vigorously purchased by various countries in the region. In 1953 Israel ordered four '''T Mk.7'''s and 11 '''F Mk.8'''s, with delivery continuing until early 1954. The '''F Mk.8s''' were modified to carry American HVAR rockets but were otherwise identical to RAF aircraft. A second batch of seven refurbished '''FR Mk.9s''' and two more '''T Mk.7s''' was delivered in 1955. In 1956, Israel purchased six NF Mk.13s, with three delivered that year, and the remaining three, delayed by an arms embargo, in 1958. Five more T Mk.7s were later purchased, these were converted from ex-Belgian '''F Mk.4'''s and were fitted with the '''Mk.8''' tail.

On 1 September 1955, an Israeli Meteor shot down an Egyptian de Havilland Vampire, the first jet aircraft to be shot down in the theatre. The Meteor played a key role during the Suez Crisis; on 28 October 1956, an Israeli NF.13 took part in Operation Tarnegol, in which it successfully located and shot down an Egyptian Ilyushin Il-14 that had been carrying several high-ranking Egyptian military officers on the eve of the crisis. The operation had intended to shoot down the Il-14 that was supposed to be carrying the supreme commander of the Egyptian armed forces, Abdel Hakim Amer, however a different aircraft had been inadvertently attacked and destroyed instead. After deploying paratroopers east of the Suez Canal, the Israeli Air Force continued to support them on the ground predominantly using its jet aircraft, fearing its propeller-driven aircraft would be vulnerable against Egypt's jet fighters.

While initially flying combat air patrol missions, the Meteors and other Israeli aircraft could not prevent effective attacks by Egyptian aircraft on the ground forces. Israeli officers came to recognise that the Meteor was outclassed by Egyptian MiG-15s, and subsequently limited the Meteor's employment as a fighter against other aerial adversaries.[''citation needed''] Following the start of the Anglo-French bombing campaign against Egyptian airbases, the Egyptian Air Force mostly withdrew from combat in the Sinai, allowing Israeli aircraft to operate unhindered.

The Mk.8s remained in front line service until 1956, and were then used as training aircraft. The NF Mk.13s remained in operational use until 1962

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Gloster}}
{{Israel jet aircraft}}

Kurnass 2000

2023-04-28T22:19:08Z

U121164631: /* History */

{{About
| about = Israeli jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = Kurnass
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f-4e_kurnass_2000
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Sky Guardians"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 12,192 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,065 || 2,039 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 26.5 || 27.5 || 160.6 || 150.9 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,202 || 2,140 || 25.5 || 26.0 || 221.6 || 190.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 1,458 || 625 || 463 || ~11 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 810 || < 750 || < 700 || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | General Electric J79-GE-17 || 2
| colspan="2" | 14,205 kg || colspan="2" | 408 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 9m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel
|-
| 1,750 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 15,964 kg || 18,027 kg || 20,070 kg || 27,501 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 9m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 5,200 kgf || 8,008 kgf
| 1.00 || 0.89 || 0.80 || 0.58
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 5,260 kgf (1,458 km/h) || 10,170 kgf (1,400 km/h)
| 1.27 || 1.13 || 1.01 || 0.74
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon, chin-mounted (640 rpg)
** 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon + 90 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|LDGP Mk 81 (250 lb)|LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|M117 cone 45 (750 lb)|LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)}}
{{main|GBU-12 Paveway II (277 kg)|GBU-10 Paveway II (957 kg)|AGM-65D}}
{{main|AIM-7E-2 Sparrow|AIM-7F Sparrow|AIM-9G Sidewinder|AIM-9L Sidewinder}}
{{main|BLU-27/B incendiary|FFAR Mighty Mouse|Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP|GAU-4 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance presets:

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles
* 6 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles
* 6 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 3 x 20 mm GAU-4 cannons (1,200 rpg = 3,600 total)
* 24 x 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 24 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (12,000 lb total)
* 17 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (12,750 lb total)
* 4 x BLU-27/B incendiary bombs
* 13 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (13,000 lb total)
* 3 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 285 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 60 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 4 x AIM-7E-2 Sparrow missiles
* 4 x AIM-7F Sparrow missiles
* 144 x countermeasures
* 6 x AGM-65D missiles
* 4 x 277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II bombs (1,108 kg total)
* 4 x 957 kg GBU-10 Paveway II bombs (3,828 kg total)

==== Custom loadout options ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="4%" | 1 !! width="4%" | 2 !! width="4%" | 3 !! width="4%" | 4 !! width="4%" | 5 !! width="4%" | 6 !! width="4%" | 7 !! width="4%" | 8 !! width="4%" | 9 !! width="4%" | 10 !! width="4%" | 11
| rowspan="20" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_F-4C_Phantom_II.png]]</div>
|-
! 20 mm GAU-4 cannons (1,200 rpg)
| 1 || || || || || 1 || || || || || 1
|-
! 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs
| 6 || 3 || || || || 6 || || || || 3 || 6
|-
! 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs
| 6 || 3 || || || || 6 || || || || 3 || 6
|-
! 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs
| 3 || 3 || || || || 5 || || || || 3 || 3
|-
! 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs
| 2 || 3 || || || || 3 || || || || 3 || 2
|-
! 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs
| 1 || || || || || 1 || || || || || 1
|-
! BLU-27/B incendiary bombs
| 1 || || || || || 2 || || || || || 1
|-
! 277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II bombs
| || 2*† || || || || || || || || 2*† ||
|-
! 957 kg GBU-10 Paveway II bombs
| 1*† || 1*† || || || || || || || || 1*† || 1*†
|-
! FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
| 57 || 57 || || || || 57 || || || || 57 || 57
|-
! Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
| 12 || 12 || || || || 12 || || || || 12 || 12
|-
! AGM-65D missiles
| || 3† || || || || || || || || 3† ||
|-
! AIM-7E-2 Sparrow missiles
| || || || 1‡ || 1 || || 1 || 1‡ || || ||
|-
! AIM-7F Sparrow missiles
| || || || 1‡ || 1 || || 1 || 1‡ || || ||
|-
! AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles
| || || 2† || || 1‡ || || 1‡ || || 2† || ||
|-
! AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
| || || 2† || || 1‡ || || 1‡ || || 2† || ||
|-
! Countermeasures
| || || || 72 || || || || 72 || || ||
|-
! Pave Spike targeting pod
| || || || || || || 1* || || || ||
|-
| colspan="12" | Maximum permissible loadout weight: 7,257 kg Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 1,500 kg
|-
| colspan="13" | * Pave Spike targeting pod must be equipped when carrying guided bombs † AGM-65D missiles on hardpoints 2/10 cannot be equipped in conjunction with guided bombs, or Sidewinders on hardpoints 3/9 respectively ‡ Sparrows on hardpoints 4/8 cannot be carried in conjunction with Sidewinders on hardpoints 5/7 respectively
|}

== Usage in battles ==


'''Air RB:'''

In Air RB, the Kurnass 2000 could be compared to the [[F-4EJ Kai Phantom II|F-4EJ Kai]], having the same air-to-air missile armament and similar radar. To properly utilize the 8 potent missiles and one of the best radars in game is the major task that every Kurnass 2000 pilot will have to face. Typically, enter the battle at a low altitude and shooting down everyone on your way is a viable and effective way to fly the Kurnass 2000. Climbing could also be attempted, but given the presence of AIM-54s and 4th generation fighter jets featuring the same avionics and significantly higher climb rate, it would be a riskier style to fly the Kurnass 2000.

A major difference between the Kurnass 2000 and the F-4EJ Kai is the slats on the Kurnass' wings. At high speed, extension of the slats provides more lift and limits the angle of attack of the aircraft, resulting in a significant decrease in speed loss during turns to a level even comparable to the level of 4th generation aircraft like the F-16 and MiG-29. At lower speed, the slats also increase the overall manoeuvrability of the aircraft, so it is advised to extend the slats in battles (by toggling "combat flaps"), especially when fighting in groups, retracting them when needed to gain more speed or for higher angle of attack. Overall, the slats of the Kurnass provides pilots with the ability to alter the aerodynamics of the aircraft during combat, and provide more versatility and a higher overall performance compared to the F-4EJ Kai.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* One of the most effective air-to-air armament sets in-game with AN/APG-76, AIM-7Fs, and AIM-9Ls
* Wing slats for increased manoeuvrability and versatility
* High level of manoeuvrability at high speed as with any other Phantoms
* Guided bombs and missile with targeting pod for engaging ground targets

'''Cons:'''

* Big and heavy aircraft
* Thrust to weight ratio less than 4th generation jets

== History ==

Kurnas 2000, which entered service in the IAF on April 9th 1989, was different from the original Phantom mostly in its avionics. "Although they look practically identical, the Kurnas 2000 is a completely different plane", said Lt. Col. A., commander of a Phantom squadron, who was being interviewed by the IAF Magazine. "The avionics make it a completely new aircraft. The avionics are, in effect, the heart of the plane, and the upgrading project basically amounted to a heart transplant; the Phantom's heart was replaced with a much stronger one".

The conversion plan included replacing the plane's original radar with a new one. Norden, an American company, developed the APG-76 radar especially for this purpose - and according to the IAF's specifications. This radar, considered to be the best of its kind, uses advanced technologies that were originally developed for the US Navy's future attack plane, the A-12 Avenger II - a project that has since been cancelled.

The APG is a Synthetic Aperture Multi-Mission Radar System which constructs a representation of the terrain by sending electromagnetic waves towards it. The great advantage of this mode of operation, compared with systems that are based on optical equipment, is that the picture quality remains good, even in bad weather. The radar is currently an exclusive feature of the Kurnas 2000, but in view of its superb performance, the USAF is considering a special pod mounted version for its F-16's.

The Kurnas 2000 also boasts a Kaiser wide-angle heads-up display, considered the best in the world. The wide angle means that the system effectively covers 60% of the pilot's forward view - twice the angle covered by other systems. The displays, located directly in front of the pilot, show vital measurements like speed, altitude, direction of flight, etc., as well as information regarding the operation of weapons systems.

The multifunction displays are one of the most important improvements in the Kurnas 2000's cockpit. The WSO, who is in charge of operating the planes avionics and weapon systems, sees the data pertaining to both systems on two color displays. A screen in the forward section of the cockpit shows the pilot the information he needs, and can be toggled to mirror the WSO's screen.

The multifunction displays greatly improve cockpit ergonomics, and ease much of the work burden on the two crew members - especially during combat operations.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f-4e_kurnass_2000 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|U8PuopV6XyY|'''The Shooting Range #348''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:24 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|We702awM1kA|'''Kurnass 2000: A Basic Review''' - ''Tims Variety''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[F-4 Phantom II (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Israel jet aircraft}}

Magach 7C

2023-04-28T22:16:39Z

U121164631: /* History */

{{About
| about = Israeli medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Magach (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=il_magach_7c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Apex Predators"]].

The very last variant of Israel Magach series with redesigned applique armour, although not being the most protected tank of its era, Magach 7C still gives players the chance to fight back with its improved FCS, powerplant, new APFSDS and slightly better protection than its predecessors.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

From Magach 6 (M60A1/3) to the 7 series, aside from still based on M60s, the redesigns on the 7 series adopted a more Merkava-like approach with applique armours on different spots of the tank; in 7C's case, the hull is now protected by an extra layer of composite applique armour on the front and the first 2 side skirts, while the turret received an complete redesign from being covered by ERA blocks and NERA applique blocks to an arrow-shaped turret with extra layer of composite applique armour. While this is nowhere sufficient for APFSDS of its era, tanks with HEAT; APDS or even APCBC will have a hard time penetrating its armour, giving it extra survivability to its predecessors. The interior layout though is mostly identical to its predecessors, but the tank is more cramped with shells even with 6 shells less than predecessors- any penetrated shots will very likely detonate the ammunition located on the center mass of the tank.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 40+93 mm (65°) '' UFP'' 40+117-40+137 mm (56°) ''LFP'' || 36-70 mm ''Top'' 19-36 mm ''Bottom'' || 25-40 mm || 20-38 mm
|-
| Turret || 40+130 mm ''Turret front'' (Volumetric) 152 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 40+76 mm (Volumetric) || 28 mm || 24 mm (Volumetric)
|-
| Cupola || colspan="4" | 25.4 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,407|rbMinHp=803}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Sharir (105 mm)}}

After the introduction of the M68 gun by the US Army, Israel got the license for producing the gun locally as the "Sharir" tank cannon and later tanks were upgraded with this gun. The Magach 7C is no exception. While the gun traverse speed is slightly better, the overall performance is identical to 105 mm cannons for M60 series, although not being the best tank gun of its tier, the variety of shells can make sure Magach 7C would still have the chance to take on more modern tanks.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Sharir (105 mm)|105 mm Sharir]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 57 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+19° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 22.8 || 31.6 || 38.4 || 42.5 || 45.2 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.3 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The Magach 7C shares the same ammunition as its tech-tree predecessor Magach 6B [[Gal Batash]], although the 105 mm gun is deemed insufficient to more advanced MBTs like T-64 and T-72. However, utilizing the latest ammunition for the 105 mm gun would still give Magach 7C the chance to defeat them.

'''M152; HEAT-FS''' - The stock shell; while the shell is more than enough to defeat earlier tanks or those without ERA, any advanced MBTs it might face can stop the shell with ease with its composite armour. To make sure the best utilization of the shell, pick the targets wisely: go for light targets or NATO tanks with relatively less protection. Flanking is only viable if the tank could reach vantage points at the first place.

'''M156; HESH''' - One of the first researchable rounds for the tank; while the explosive content is more than enough to take out light vehicles or MBTs showing their sides right away, the ballistic performance hinders its long-range capability. Having the laser rangefinder equipped does help the M156 to reach targets which are in hull-down position at longer ranges. A precise hit on a weak spot can easily overpressurize enemies or cause extensive shrapnel damage to internal compartments.

'''M111; APFSDS''' - The other tier 1 ammunition researchable, it might not have the best penetration of its tier, but being a long-rod APFSDS means the it will have better odds to penetrate well-protected MBTs frontally. While Warsaw-Pact and Chinese tanks could be harder to take out, a precise hit on their LFP is very likely to detonate either their fuel tanks or ammunition racks.

'''M426; APFSDS''' - The final round and the go-to round for the tank; the Israeli equivalent to 105 mm DM63, it is among the best 105 mm APFSDS available and having vastly improved penetration to M111. This also means it can now penetrates earlier Warsaw-Pact MBTs safely even at longer ranges, but MBTs such as T-64BV and ZTZ96A can still cause major problem for Magach 7C.

{{:Sharir (105 mm)/Ammunition|M152, M156, M111, M416, M426}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''57''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 900 (200) || 577 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle (loader) || 1,800 (200) || 600 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
| Pintle (commander) || 1,800 (200) || 600 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
| Coaxial || 2,400 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High acceleration thanks to the new engine pack
* Access to variety of ammunition (M426 APFSDS and M156 HESH)
* Good depression angle for hull-down position
* Vastly improved protection against non-APFSDS shells
* Sufficient amount of smoke grenades

'''Cons:'''

* Slow for its BR
* Rather cramped interior filled with ammunition
* Rather slow gun traverse speed to competitors
* Huge in size, can be easily identified by enemies
* Fixed 8x gunsight that hinders its gun flexibility

== History ==

The Magach 7C is a main battle tank of Israeli origin. It is a further development of the earlier Magach 7A. Both Magach 7A and 7C are based on the original small turret variant M60 Patton produced in, and acquired from, the United States. The Magach 7C is a significant upgrade over the venerable M60 Patton. A tailor made set of passive applique armor covers turret front, side and top. The 105mm gun is improved by fitting a new fire control system, stabilizer, thermal sleeve and it fires modern ammunition. To cope with the increased weight a more powerful engine is fitted, which is coupled to a new transmission.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=il_magach_7c Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Magach (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7988-development-magach-7-the-ram-hits-again-en|[Devblog] Magach 7: The ram hits again!]]

{{Israel medium tanks}}

Pantsir-S1

2023-04-28T15:02:50Z

U121164631: /* Media */

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_pantsyr_s1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Sky Guardians"]].
== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The Pantsir-S1 doesn't offer a strong armour of any kind, the strongest part of the vehicle is the 40 mm armoured glass that protects the driver. On the front, sides, and rear there is mostly a 5 to 6 mm structural steel armour and high hardness rolled armour.

The crew placement makes it even more vulnerable, as the 3 crew members are placed near each other, making a single shot lethal for the majority of the time, making this vehicle unsuited for tank-on-tank combat. The best choice is to find natural or artificial cover to avoid being seen or being exposed to enemy fire.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 6 mm || 5 - 6 mm ''Top'' 5 - 6 mm ''Bottom'' || 6 mm || 6 mm
|-
| Turret || 15 mm ''Turret front'' 5 - 10 ''Gun mantlet'' || 5 - 15 mm || 5 mm || 5 - 15 mm
|-
| Cupola || 5 - 15 mm || 5 - 15 mm || 5 mm || 15 - 5 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* The structural steel located on the bottom of the Pantsir-S1 is 35 mm thick, being on the same level of the upper transmission.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The Pantsir-S1 is a wheeled vehicle, making any crossing on mud, snow or ice difficult.

This vehicle moves thanks to the KamAZ 740.632-400, that offers 354 HP at 1,900 RPM. The maximum speed forwards is 70 km/h, while the reverse speed is limited to -10 km/h, making retreats difficult.

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|2A38M (30 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[2A38M (30 mm)|30 mm 2A38M]] (x4) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 1,404 (351) || rowspan="2" | 1,250 || rowspan="2" | -1°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}
* '''30 mm HE:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-T*|High-explosive fragmentation tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''30 mm APT:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}

{{:2A38M (30 mm)/Ammunition|HEF-I*, AP-T, HEF-T*}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''4''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|95Ya6}}

''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on about how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[95Ya6]] missile
|-
! Capacity (Belt) !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
|-
| 12 (12) || 0°/+85° || - || -
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:95Ya6/Ammunition|95Ya6}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''1''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Pantsir-S1 is the final word when it comes to Russian self-propelled anti-air technology, and as such affords the player much more flexibility when it comes to anti-air operations than ever before. The radar can be toggled to scan the skies in varying degrees of elevation and speed; players can choose the 30 degree mode for lower flying targets on the horizon with faster update speeds or the 80 degree mode allowing for unparalleled ability to target high flying targets at a cost of update speed, or a compromise between both with the 60 degree mode. Either way, with skilful toggling, there is little of the sky that the Pantsir-S1 cannot touch thanks to its new 95Ya6 missiles that can fly out to 20 km at nearly 50% faster top speed than the 9M311 missiles on the Tunguska. Complementary to the enhanced radar and missile suite is a very powerful gunner optic that can zoom to 28x, allowing for better target recognition and acquisition on the battlefield.

As much as it is an upgrade over the 2S6 Tunguska in the relevant fields, it does also have reduced tactical mobility owing to its turret being mounted on a truck and not the GM chassis that the Tunguska was built on. As a result, the versatility of the Tunguska that its users have come to be familiar with, are now discarded and will require an extremely cautious and defensive gameplay more so than ever before as you will be a priority target for anyone in the air that can destroy you. Staying behind teammates and utilising low terrain and cover will aid your survival, just like with the previous SPAAs.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* New high performance radar suite that can detect and track targets at ranges beyond 30 km and 18 km, respectively
* 95Ya6 missile is unparalleled in flight range, with flight performance and overload limit comparable to NATO's top tier missiles like VT1
* 28x zoom gunner optics combined with 2nd+ gen thermal sight and a longer range IRST tracking, reducing dependence on radar tracking as needed
* 2A38M autocannons as installed on the Tunguska, allowing Pantsir-S1 some attack capability at close range against both AFVs and planes
* 50% more missiles than the 2S6 Tunguska (12 vs 8) means that the Pantsir-S1 can shoot down more aircraft before having to reload

'''Cons:'''

* No neutral steering like its predecessor, Tunguska, owing to the system being a wheeled truck, not tracked chassis
* No hydropneumatic suspension as used on its predecessor, meaning the Pantsir can't lower its massive profile
* Very horrible reverse speed on par with the T-72/T-90 series of MBTs, disallowing tactical retreats
* Basically no depression at all, severely reducing capability should the Pantsir find itself on high ground
* Like most SPAAs, it has next to no armour. Not getting hit is of utmost importance
* Has a huge profile that rivals the German FlakRakRad, that can't be reduced whatsoever outside of disabling radar and using IRST over radar tracking
* Mobility and acceleration is so low, such that it is reminiscent of the ZSU-23-4 Shilka

== History ==

Since 2013, Russia has deployed Pantsir S-1 to Syria amid the country’s civil war to defend its soldiers and Syrian government forces.15

The Pantsir has also played a role in the Russian/Ukrainian conflict. Notably, pieces from a Pantsir 57E6 missile were found in Ukraine in November 2014, and in December, it was confirmed that Russia had deployed the air defense system to the Russia-Ukraine border region.16 In February 2015, reports and footage of Pantsirs being used by pro-Russian forces in Ukraine’s Donetsk region surfaced.17 The system has also been deployed in the Luhansk region in eastern Ukraine.18

In June 2020, the United States smuggled a Pantsir-S1 out of Libya after it was captured from forces aligned with Russia-backed Khalifa Haftar. U.S. forces reportedly transferred the Pantsir-S1 from Zuwarah International Airport to Ramstein Air Base in Germany.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_pantsyr_s1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Pantsir-S1 WTWallpaper001.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8123-development-96k6-pantsir-s1-the-ultimatum-en|[Devblog] 96K6 Pantsir-S1: The Ultimatum]]

{{USSR anti-aircraft vehicles}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

Pantsir-S1

2023-04-28T15:00:12Z

U121164631: /* History */

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_pantsyr_s1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Sky Guardians"]].
== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The Pantsir-S1 doesn't offer a strong armour of any kind, the strongest part of the vehicle is the 40 mm armoured glass that protects the driver. On the front, sides, and rear there is mostly a 5 to 6 mm structural steel armour and high hardness rolled armour.

The crew placement makes it even more vulnerable, as the 3 crew members are placed near each other, making a single shot lethal for the majority of the time, making this vehicle unsuited for tank-on-tank combat. The best choice is to find natural or artificial cover to avoid being seen or being exposed to enemy fire.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 6 mm || 5 - 6 mm ''Top'' 5 - 6 mm ''Bottom'' || 6 mm || 6 mm
|-
| Turret || 15 mm ''Turret front'' 5 - 10 ''Gun mantlet'' || 5 - 15 mm || 5 mm || 5 - 15 mm
|-
| Cupola || 5 - 15 mm || 5 - 15 mm || 5 mm || 15 - 5 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* The structural steel located on the bottom of the Pantsir-S1 is 35 mm thick, being on the same level of the upper transmission.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The Pantsir-S1 is a wheeled vehicle, making any crossing on mud, snow or ice difficult.

This vehicle moves thanks to the KamAZ 740.632-400, that offers 354 HP at 1,900 RPM. The maximum speed forwards is 70 km/h, while the reverse speed is limited to -10 km/h, making retreats difficult.

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|2A38M (30 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[2A38M (30 mm)|30 mm 2A38M]] (x4) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 1,404 (351) || rowspan="2" | 1,250 || rowspan="2" | -1°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}
* '''30 mm HE:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-T*|High-explosive fragmentation tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''30 mm APT:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}

{{:2A38M (30 mm)/Ammunition|HEF-I*, AP-T, HEF-T*}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''4''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|95Ya6}}

''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on about how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[95Ya6]] missile
|-
! Capacity (Belt) !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
|-
| 12 (12) || 0°/+85° || - || -
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:95Ya6/Ammunition|95Ya6}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''1''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Pantsir-S1 is the final word when it comes to Russian self-propelled anti-air technology, and as such affords the player much more flexibility when it comes to anti-air operations than ever before. The radar can be toggled to scan the skies in varying degrees of elevation and speed; players can choose the 30 degree mode for lower flying targets on the horizon with faster update speeds or the 80 degree mode allowing for unparalleled ability to target high flying targets at a cost of update speed, or a compromise between both with the 60 degree mode. Either way, with skilful toggling, there is little of the sky that the Pantsir-S1 cannot touch thanks to its new 95Ya6 missiles that can fly out to 20 km at nearly 50% faster top speed than the 9M311 missiles on the Tunguska. Complementary to the enhanced radar and missile suite is a very powerful gunner optic that can zoom to 28x, allowing for better target recognition and acquisition on the battlefield.

As much as it is an upgrade over the 2S6 Tunguska in the relevant fields, it does also have reduced tactical mobility owing to its turret being mounted on a truck and not the GM chassis that the Tunguska was built on. As a result, the versatility of the Tunguska that its users have come to be familiar with, are now discarded and will require an extremely cautious and defensive gameplay more so than ever before as you will be a priority target for anyone in the air that can destroy you. Staying behind teammates and utilising low terrain and cover will aid your survival, just like with the previous SPAAs.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* New high performance radar suite that can detect and track targets at ranges beyond 30 km and 18 km, respectively
* 95Ya6 missile is unparalleled in flight range, with flight performance and overload limit comparable to NATO's top tier missiles like VT1
* 28x zoom gunner optics combined with 2nd+ gen thermal sight and a longer range IRST tracking, reducing dependence on radar tracking as needed
* 2A38M autocannons as installed on the Tunguska, allowing Pantsir-S1 some attack capability at close range against both AFVs and planes
* 50% more missiles than the 2S6 Tunguska (12 vs 8) means that the Pantsir-S1 can shoot down more aircraft before having to reload

'''Cons:'''

* No neutral steering like its predecessor, Tunguska, owing to the system being a wheeled truck, not tracked chassis
* No hydropneumatic suspension as used on its predecessor, meaning the Pantsir can't lower its massive profile
* Very horrible reverse speed on par with the T-72/T-90 series of MBTs, disallowing tactical retreats
* Basically no depression at all, severely reducing capability should the Pantsir find itself on high ground
* Like most SPAAs, it has next to no armour. Not getting hit is of utmost importance
* Has a huge profile that rivals the German FlakRakRad, that can't be reduced whatsoever outside of disabling radar and using IRST over radar tracking
* Mobility and acceleration is so low, such that it is reminiscent of the ZSU-23-4 Shilka

== History ==

Since 2013, Russia has deployed Pantsir S-1 to Syria amid the country’s civil war to defend its soldiers and Syrian government forces.15

The Pantsir has also played a role in the Russian/Ukrainian conflict. Notably, pieces from a Pantsir 57E6 missile were found in Ukraine in November 2014, and in December, it was confirmed that Russia had deployed the air defense system to the Russia-Ukraine border region.16 In February 2015, reports and footage of Pantsirs being used by pro-Russian forces in Ukraine’s Donetsk region surfaced.17 The system has also been deployed in the Luhansk region in eastern Ukraine.18

In June 2020, the United States smuggled a Pantsir-S1 out of Libya after it was captured from forces aligned with Russia-backed Khalifa Haftar. U.S. forces reportedly transferred the Pantsir-S1 from Zuwarah International Airport to Ramstein Air Base in Germany.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_pantsyr_s1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Pantsir-S1 WTWallpaper001.jpg
</gallery>

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8123-development-96k6-pantsir-s1-the-ultimatum-en|[Devblog] 96K6 Pantsir-S1: The Ultimatum]]

{{USSR anti-aircraft vehicles}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

Pantsir-S1

2023-04-28T14:59:42Z

U121164631: /* History */

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_pantsyr_s1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Sky Guardians"]].
== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The Pantsir-S1 doesn't offer a strong armour of any kind, the strongest part of the vehicle is the 40 mm armoured glass that protects the driver. On the front, sides, and rear there is mostly a 5 to 6 mm structural steel armour and high hardness rolled armour.

The crew placement makes it even more vulnerable, as the 3 crew members are placed near each other, making a single shot lethal for the majority of the time, making this vehicle unsuited for tank-on-tank combat. The best choice is to find natural or artificial cover to avoid being seen or being exposed to enemy fire.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 6 mm || 5 - 6 mm ''Top'' 5 - 6 mm ''Bottom'' || 6 mm || 6 mm
|-
| Turret || 15 mm ''Turret front'' 5 - 10 ''Gun mantlet'' || 5 - 15 mm || 5 mm || 5 - 15 mm
|-
| Cupola || 5 - 15 mm || 5 - 15 mm || 5 mm || 15 - 5 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* The structural steel located on the bottom of the Pantsir-S1 is 35 mm thick, being on the same level of the upper transmission.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The Pantsir-S1 is a wheeled vehicle, making any crossing on mud, snow or ice difficult.

This vehicle moves thanks to the KamAZ 740.632-400, that offers 354 HP at 1,900 RPM. The maximum speed forwards is 70 km/h, while the reverse speed is limited to -10 km/h, making retreats difficult.

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|2A38M (30 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[2A38M (30 mm)|30 mm 2A38M]] (x4) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 1,404 (351) || rowspan="2" | 1,250 || rowspan="2" | -1°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}
* '''30 mm HE:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-T*|High-explosive fragmentation tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''30 mm APT:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}

{{:2A38M (30 mm)/Ammunition|HEF-I*, AP-T, HEF-T*}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''4''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|95Ya6}}

''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on about how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[95Ya6]] missile
|-
! Capacity (Belt) !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
|-
| 12 (12) || 0°/+85° || - || -
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:95Ya6/Ammunition|95Ya6}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''1''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Pantsir-S1 is the final word when it comes to Russian self-propelled anti-air technology, and as such affords the player much more flexibility when it comes to anti-air operations than ever before. The radar can be toggled to scan the skies in varying degrees of elevation and speed; players can choose the 30 degree mode for lower flying targets on the horizon with faster update speeds or the 80 degree mode allowing for unparalleled ability to target high flying targets at a cost of update speed, or a compromise between both with the 60 degree mode. Either way, with skilful toggling, there is little of the sky that the Pantsir-S1 cannot touch thanks to its new 95Ya6 missiles that can fly out to 20 km at nearly 50% faster top speed than the 9M311 missiles on the Tunguska. Complementary to the enhanced radar and missile suite is a very powerful gunner optic that can zoom to 28x, allowing for better target recognition and acquisition on the battlefield.

As much as it is an upgrade over the 2S6 Tunguska in the relevant fields, it does also have reduced tactical mobility owing to its turret being mounted on a truck and not the GM chassis that the Tunguska was built on. As a result, the versatility of the Tunguska that its users have come to be familiar with, are now discarded and will require an extremely cautious and defensive gameplay more so than ever before as you will be a priority target for anyone in the air that can destroy you. Staying behind teammates and utilising low terrain and cover will aid your survival, just like with the previous SPAAs.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* New high performance radar suite that can detect and track targets at ranges beyond 30 km and 18 km, respectively
* 95Ya6 missile is unparalleled in flight range, with flight performance and overload limit comparable to NATO's top tier missiles like VT1
* 28x zoom gunner optics combined with 2nd+ gen thermal sight and a longer range IRST tracking, reducing dependence on radar tracking as needed
* 2A38M autocannons as installed on the Tunguska, allowing Pantsir-S1 some attack capability at close range against both AFVs and planes
* 50% more missiles than the 2S6 Tunguska (12 vs 8) means that the Pantsir-S1 can shoot down more aircraft before having to reload

'''Cons:'''

* No neutral steering like its predecessor, Tunguska, owing to the system being a wheeled truck, not tracked chassis
* No hydropneumatic suspension as used on its predecessor, meaning the Pantsir can't lower its massive profile
* Very horrible reverse speed on par with the T-72/T-90 series of MBTs, disallowing tactical retreats
* Basically no depression at all, severely reducing capability should the Pantsir find itself on high ground
* Like most SPAAs, it has next to no armour. Not getting hit is of utmost importance
* Has a huge profile that rivals the German FlakRakRad, that can't be reduced whatsoever outside of disabling radar and using IRST over radar tracking
* Mobility and acceleration is so low, such that it is reminiscent of the ZSU-23-4 Shilka

== History ==

Since 2013, Russia has deployed Pantsir S-1 to Syria amid the country’s civil war to defend its soldiers and Syrian government forces.15

The Pantsir has also played a role in the Russian/Ukrainian conflict. Notably, pieces from a Pantsir 57E6 missile were found in Ukraine in November 2014, and in December, it was confirmed that Russia had deployed the air defense system to the Russia-Ukraine border region.16 In February 2015, reports and footage of Pantsirs being used by pro-Russian forces in Ukraine’s Donetsk region surfaced.17 The system has also been deployed in the Luhansk region in eastern Ukraine.18

In June 2020, the United States smuggled a Pantsir-S1 out of Libya after it was captured from forces aligned with Russia-backed Khalifa Haftar. U.S. forces reportedly transferred the Pantsir-S1 from Zuwarah International Airport to Ramstein Air Base in Germany.19

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_pantsyr_s1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Pantsir-S1 WTWallpaper001.jpg
</gallery>

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8123-development-96k6-pantsir-s1-the-ultimatum-en|[Devblog] 96K6 Pantsir-S1: The Ultimatum]]

{{USSR anti-aircraft vehicles}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

AML-90 (Israel)

2023-04-28T14:50:21Z

U121164631: /* History */

{{About
| about = light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = AML-90 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=il_aml_90
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Wind of Change"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The {{PAGENAME}} lacks protection against heavy machine gun fire and is susceptible to damage by light machine gun fire. The crew is located in a rather small compartment, making the armoured car prompt to being knocked out by a single shot from almost any direction. It is also vulnerable to overpressure, meaning chemical energy ammunition will take out your vehicle regardless of where they impact. A kinetic energy ammunition can damage your AML through the projectile itself or the spalling generated but the inflicted damages are lesser and has a higher chance to knock out the crew members or critical modules than to destroy the vehicle. It should be noted that the thin armour has a chance to not activate fused shells like APHE, APCBC, etc, although it will trigger HEAT, HEATFS, HE and ATGM.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret)
* Structural steel (mudguards, storage boxes)
* Wheel (tires)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 10 mm (51°) ''Upper glacis'' 10 mm (17°) ''Upper glacis'' || 10 mm (4°) ''Front half'' 10 mm (6°) ''Rear half'' || 10 mm ''Upper plate'' 10 mm (46°) ''Upper glacis'' 10 mm (20°) ''Lower glacis'' || 10 mm (40°) ''Front glacis'' 10 mm (44°) ''Rear glacis''
|-
|Turret || 12 mm (30°) ''Turret front'' 12 mm (8°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 10 mm (17-21°) 10 mm ''Viewports'' || 10 mm (16°) || 10 mm (16°) ''Front part'' 10 mm ''Rear part'' 8 mm ''Gunner hatch''
|-
|Cupola || colspan="4" style="text-align:center" | 8 mm (spherical)
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Wheels are 10 mm thick and a spare wheel covers the left side of the hull.
* Storage boxes and mudguards are 5 mm thick.
* The belly is 8 mm thick.
* The gun barrel is 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=139|rbMinHp=80}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|DEFA F1 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DEFA F1 (90 mm)|90 mm DEFA F1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 20 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 23.8 || 32.9 || 40.0 || 44.2 || 47.1 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.9 || 17.5 || 21.3 || 23.5 || 25.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:DEFA F1 (90 mm)/Ammunition|OCC 60-62, OE 90 F1, OFUM PH90-F2}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_AML-90.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''20''' || 17 ''(+3)'' || 11 ''(+9)'' || 6 ''(+14)'' || 1 ''(+19)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Racks 3 and 4 are first stage ammo racks. They total 10 shells and get filled first when loading up the tank.
** These racks are also emptied early: the rack depletion order at full capacity is: 3 - 4 - 1 - 2.
** Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammunition from rack 1 then 2 into ready rack 4 then 3. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready racks.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|A-A-F1N (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[A-A-F1N (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm A-A-F1N]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 800 (100) || 900 || -10°/+40° || ±120°
|-
| Coaxial || 2,200 (100) || 900 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Is very short and narrow, can effectively hide itself and squeeze in-between tanks while fighting in a city
* High speed on road (~50-80 km/h), faster than tracked light tanks like [[M41A1]], can sometimes rush through enemy fire while taking superficial damage
* 90 mm HEATFS is lethal thanks to its high penetration. Can go through almost all common tanks like [[Leopard 1 (Family)|Leopard 1]] or [[T-44]], although it will sometimes fail to do damage to tanks like [[T32E1]]
* -18 km/h reverse speed can pull it out of a dangerous situation rather quickly
* Smoke grenades can conceal the vehicle when needed
* Stable hull, driving at maximum speed on flat terrain does not affect accuracy too much

'''Cons:'''

* Cannon itself isn't stabilised in any way, needs significant amount of time to aim after driving over a hill or any slope (particularly with the low "targeting" crew skill)
* Must be used without expert crew against elite crews of other nations, making it instantly inferior to the same tank of other nations at first
* Armour is so poor that even German 7.92 mm can penetrate it at close range, laughably easy to destroy with HMG even over long range, especially from the side
* HEATFS has limited post-penetration damage especially against spacious tanks like [[M60 (Family)|M60]]
* HEATFS of AML-90 is slightly slower than general tank ammunition and thus its trajectory is quite curved, long range shots require practice
* Wheeled design and low mass makes it extremely sluggish when turning or driving through obstacles

== History ==

During World War II, the French Army and their Free French successors used a wide variety of vehicles for reconnaissance duties, ranging from the compact ''Laffly S15'' to the ''Panhard 178'', which could mount the same 75 mm armament as contemporary heavy tanks, and multi-wheeled designs such as the ''Type 201''. After the war it became less desirable to maintain this plethora of armoured cars. In July 1945 Paris issued a requirement for a postwar design combining those features of previous assets – especially the Type 201 – that had shown potential both during and prior to the Battle of France. This led to the 8x8 Panhard EBR (''Type 212'') which entered service in 1950. Similarly, in 1956 the French Ministry of Defense was persuaded to commission a replacement for the Daimler Ferret scout car. Also manufactured by Panhard, the successor was the AML (''Type 245'') which entered service in 1961.

As with much postwar hardware based on the experience of subsequent colonial theatres, the AML was recognized for its outstanding ruggedness, dependability, firepower-to-weight ratio, and adaptability to the numerous minor conflicts waged since 1945. This reputation has led to export success in over forty countries, Africa being one of its biggest markets.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=il_aml_90 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[AML-90 (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{TankManufacturer Panhard}}
{{Israel light tanks}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

Magach 7C

2023-04-28T14:29:28Z

U121164631: /* History */

{{About
| about = Israeli medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Magach (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=il_magach_7c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Apex Predators"]].

The very last variant of Israel Magach series with redesigned applique armour, although not being the most protected tank of its era, Magach 7C still gives players the chance to fight back with its improved FCS, powerplant, new APFSDS and slightly better protection than its predecessors.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

From Magach 6 (M60A1/3) to the 7 series, aside from still based on M60s, the redesigns on the 7 series adopted a more Merkava-like approach with applique armours on different spots of the tank; in 7C's case, the hull is now protected by an extra layer of composite applique armour on the front and the first 2 side skirts, while the turret received an complete redesign from being covered by ERA blocks and NERA applique blocks to an arrow-shaped turret with extra layer of composite applique armour. While this is nowhere sufficient for APFSDS of its era, tanks with HEAT; APDS or even APCBC will have a hard time penetrating its armour, giving it extra survivability to its predecessors. The interior layout though is mostly identical to its predecessors, but the tank is more cramped with shells even with 6 shells less than predecessors- any penetrated shots will very likely detonate the ammunition located on the center mass of the tank.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 40+93 mm (65°) '' UFP'' 40+117-40+137 mm (56°) ''LFP'' || 36-70 mm ''Top'' 19-36 mm ''Bottom'' || 25-40 mm || 20-38 mm
|-
| Turret || 40+130 mm ''Turret front'' (Volumetric) 152 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 40+76 mm (Volumetric) || 28 mm || 24 mm (Volumetric)
|-
| Cupola || colspan="4" | 25.4 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,407|rbMinHp=803}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Sharir (105 mm)}}

After the introduction of the M68 gun by the US Army, Israel got the license for producing the gun locally as the "Sharir" tank cannon and later tanks were upgraded with this gun. The Magach 7C is no exception. While the gun traverse speed is slightly better, the overall performance is identical to 105 mm cannons for M60 series, although not being the best tank gun of its tier, the variety of shells can make sure Magach 7C would still have the chance to take on more modern tanks.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Sharir (105 mm)|105 mm Sharir]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 57 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+19° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 22.8 || 31.6 || 38.4 || 42.5 || 45.2 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.3 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The Magach 7C shares the same ammunition as its tech-tree predecessor Magach 6B [[Gal Batash]], although the 105 mm gun is deemed insufficient to more advanced MBTs like T-64 and T-72. However, utilizing the latest ammunition for the 105 mm gun would still give Magach 7C the chance to defeat them.

'''M152; HEAT-FS''' - The stock shell; while the shell is more than enough to defeat earlier tanks or those without ERA, any advanced MBTs it might face can stop the shell with ease with its composite armour. To make sure the best utilization of the shell, pick the targets wisely: go for light targets or NATO tanks with relatively less protection. Flanking is only viable if the tank could reach vantage points at the first place.

'''M156; HESH''' - One of the first researchable rounds for the tank; while the explosive content is more than enough to take out light vehicles or MBTs showing their sides right away, the ballistic performance hinders its long-range capability. Having the laser rangefinder equipped does help the M156 to reach targets which are in hull-down position at longer ranges. A precise hit on a weak spot can easily overpressurize enemies or cause extensive shrapnel damage to internal compartments.

'''M111; APFSDS''' - The other tier 1 ammunition researchable, it might not have the best penetration of its tier, but being a long-rod APFSDS means the it will have better odds to penetrate well-protected MBTs frontally. While Warsaw-Pact and Chinese tanks could be harder to take out, a precise hit on their LFP is very likely to detonate either their fuel tanks or ammunition racks.

'''M426; APFSDS''' - The final round and the go-to round for the tank; the Israeli equivalent to 105 mm DM63, it is among the best 105 mm APFSDS available and having vastly improved penetration to M111. This also means it can now penetrates earlier Warsaw-Pact MBTs safely even at longer ranges, but MBTs such as T-64BV and ZTZ96A can still cause major problem for Magach 7C.

{{:Sharir (105 mm)/Ammunition|M152, M156, M111, M416, M426}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''57''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 900 (200) || 577 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle (loader) || 1,800 (200) || 600 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
| Pintle (commander) || 1,800 (200) || 600 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
| Coaxial || 2,400 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High acceleration thanks to the new engine pack
* Access to variety of ammunition (M426 APFSDS and M156 HESH)
* Good depression angle for hull-down position
* Vastly improved protection against non-APFSDS shells
* Sufficient amount of smoke grenades

'''Cons:'''

* Slow for its BR
* Rather cramped interior filled with ammunition
* Rather slow gun traverse speed to competitors
* Huge in size, can be easily identified by enemies
* Fixed 8x gunsight that hinders its gun flexibility

The Magach 7C is a main battle tank of Israeli origin. It is a further development of the earlier Magach 7A. Both Magach 7A and 7C are based on the original small turret variant M60 Patton produced in, and acquired from, the United States. The Magach 7C is a significant upgrade over the venerable M60 Patton. A tailor made set of passive applique armor covers turret front, side and top. The 105mm gun is improved by fitting a new fire control system, stabilizer, thermal sleeve and it fires modern ammunition. To cope with the increased weight a more powerful engine is fitted, which is coupled to a new transmission.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=il_magach_7c Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Magach (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7988-development-magach-7-the-ram-hits-again-en|[Devblog] Magach 7: The ram hits again!]]

{{Israel medium tanks}}