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M64

2024-03-24T16:25:03Z

U120610831: /* Ammunition */ correct misplaced word

{{Specs-Card
|code=cn_type_64
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png|ArtImage2_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
|market=id50169_m64_china
}}

== Description ==

The M64, also known as the {{Specs|name}} (Chinese: 六四式戰車), was an attempt to develop domestic tanks in Taiwan using parts from the M18 GMC and M42 Duster. In the 1970s, the previous fleet of M18 GMC tanks was ageing, and there was a lack of light tank replacements. To address this issue, the ROCA planned to create a hybrid tank using the hull of the M42 and the turret from the M18. The project was undertaken by a factory on the main island and resulted in the M64, in parallel with a domestic, reverse-engineered version of the M41, designated as the M65 (六五式戰車). A total of 42 tanks were converted into the M64 configuration. However, these tanks were never deployed during the height of the Taiwan Strait Crisis and were subsequently retired in the 1980s. Only a few of these tanks are preserved and exhibited by the ROC.

Introduced during [[Update "Winged Lions"]] as a reward for [[Battle Pass: Season VI, "Firepower"]], the M64 was an attempt by the ROCA to build a new tank from spare [[M18 (China)|M18]] turrets and [[M42 (China)|M42 Duster]] hulls in the mid-1970s, serving as a "domestic" alternative to their fleets of US tanks. Despite being heavier than the M18, the more powerful powerplant allows the M64 to retain similar mobility.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The very first thing players will notice is the chassis — instead of the original Buick M18 GMC chassis, it has an M42 Duster one, a variant of [[M41A1|M41 Walker Bulldog]]. While the overall design is small, this also means that any part of this tank other than the mantlet would be an easy target for vehicles with firepower heavier than .50 cal HMGs, let alone autocannon-calibre rounds with even more penetration; so the M64 should never, ever be used for direct engagements.

The larger, yet thinner, chassis might sometimes deflect larger calibre rounds, but do not rely on it, as HMG rounds will still penetrate more often than not.

The lower front plate is 25.4 mm thick, twice as thick as that of the M18. The advantage is that this thicker plate is now able to block more damage (to a limited extent) from nearby HE and bomb explosions, thus better protecting the driver and the machine gunner. It is also more effective against large-calibre MG bullets and non-HVAP autocannon shells. The downside however is that this thickness is above the fuse sensitivity of many shells (19 mm) allowing the shells to properly detonate once penetrated, as opposed to over-penetrating on the M18 (12.7 mm). This is bad news when facing tanks that primarily use high-explosive shells.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret)
* Cast homogeneous armour (gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 12.7 mm (34°) ''Top'' 25.4 mm (42°) ''Bottom'' || 12.7 mm || 12.7 mm (57°) ''Top'' 19 mm (38°) ''Bottom'' || 12.7 mm
|-
| Turret || 25.4 mm ''Turret front'' 19 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 12.7 mm || 12.7 mm || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels, tracks, and torsion bars are 15 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 12.7 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=775|rbMinHp=442}}

M64 was a tank assembled as a hybrid of the M18's turret on a M42 Duster chassis, which is again an M41 Walker Bulldog variant with the very same powerplant and transmission — an AOS 895-3 diesel engine and CD-500 transmission. Thanks to the introduction of the original M42 chassis in 1952, this gives the M64 an overall higher power output at 500 hp while retaining the ability to neutral steer, making it more nimble in an urban environment than the original M18 albeit with a heavier weight.

The increased weight does slow the tank down. The M64's acceleration is noticeably slower than that of the M18 especially when driving off-road. As a result, it takes much longer to reach top speed. The reverse speed is also slower, at -19 km/h. However, this is still a relatively rapid speed compared to most other vehicles at its tier.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M1 (76 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1 (76 mm)|76 mm M1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 25 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 22.8 || 31.6 || 38.4 || 42.5 || 45.2 || rowspan="2" | 7.93 || rowspan="2" | 7.02 || rowspan="2" | 6.47 || rowspan="2" | 6.10
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.3 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The ammunition found on the M64 is identical to that of the American [[M18 GMC]] and [[M18 "Black Cat"]], with access to the M93 APCR round that other nation's M18s do not have.

* '''M79, AP:''' This stock round is just an AP shell without any explosive filler and with an average penetration. It can be replaced by the M62 shell as soon as it has been researched.
* '''M42A1, HE:''' the other stock round, an HE shell, is next to useless against any vehicle with more than 12.7 mm (half an inch) of armour, but it can be effective against open-topped vehicles where overpressure can knock out the crew.
* '''M62, APCBC:''' This shell, common for a 76 mm M1 gun, is the go-to ammunition for the M64, possessing sufficient penetration capabilities for its rank. A well-placed centre mass shot in the sides or rear of an enemy vehicle can reliably destroy it, or at the very least keep it from retaliating as you reposition yourself for a follow-up shot.
* '''M93, APCR:''' The M93 shot, while having much more penetration than all the previous rounds used on M64, is still an APCR round and thus has poor post-penetration damage, as well as bad performance against sloped armour plates; but it is still suggested to bring a few APCR in case of heavier vehicles with some flat surfaces the M64 could meet when up-tiered, such as the Tiger II (H).
* '''M88, Smoke:''' If you need to harass distant enemies or cover yourself or your teammates, the M64 still comes with M88 smoke shells at your disposal.

{{:M1 (76 mm)/Ammunition|M79 shot, M42A1 shell, M62 shell, M93 shot, M88}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''25''' || 17 ''(+8)'' || 9 ''(+16)'' || 1 ''(+24)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* As shells are modeled by sets of 2, they disappear from the rack only after you've fired or loaded both shells in the set.
* Turret empty: 17 ''(+8)'' shells.
{{Clear}}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 800 (200) || 577 || -10°/+70° || -60°/+20°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 500 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
While the M64 retained the M2HB from M18, ROCA welded a coaxial mount and installed an M1919A4 machine gun; both good for gunning down exposed crew and lightly armoured targets (for M2HB), and sometimes strafing aircraft.

== Usage in battles ==

Thanks to the fusing of M18's turret onto an M42 Duster's chassis, the M64 retains the same firepower of an M18 while having the mobility of an M41. While it has higher horsepower than an M18 and comes with neutral steering capabilities, it is also 50% heavier than M18 so it might have slightly slower speed, but in most cases this is enough for flanking enemies or rushing for vantage points. Another thing that is worth mentioning is that the change of chassis also reduced the wobbling effect on the gun when coming to a full stop, allowing for quicker aim and accurate shooting after stopping from top speed.

The change of chassis also comes at a cost, however — its protection. The M42 chassis has only 12.7 mm of armour all-around, which only stops rifle calibre bullets at most. Anything larger can tear it apart with ease; only the mantlet and turret front could stop HMG fire.

To utilize the M64 to its greatest extent, use your speed and flank enemies that are fixated on your allies. This is the most viable way to play, as its low armour means it won't survive a direct engagement. The reload rate and the performance of its M62 shells can do short work against most enemies it might face, while HVAP doesn't have the best performance, it can still be of use in case the M64 encounters tanks with flat surfaces, giving the ability to fight back in dire moments.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good mobility thanks to the M42 chassis
* Neutral steering improves its tactical agility
* Reduced gun wobbling when coming to a stop, giving players a shorter reaction time
* Strong firepower with a quick reload and variety of shells
* Additional coaxial MG as a spare weapon or range-finding

'''Cons:'''

* Thin armour with poor sloping, vulnerable to HMGs and explosives
* Tall profile, easier to get spotted and hit

== History ==

After retreating to the island of Taiwan after their defeat in the Chinese Civil War, the ROCA was in dire need of new tanks to supplement the heavy losses of armoured vehicles; newer vehicles such as [[M24 (China)|M24 Chaffee]] and M18 GMC were among the new tanks purchased in the early 1950s. M42 Dusters were purchased later in 1958 as military aid from the United States.

While the M18 GMC proved its capability in WWII's European Theater, in the late 1960s, the ageing chassis and lack of spare parts for the Wright 975 C4 radial engine became a major problem for logistics; the M42 on the other hand was not efficient against supersonic jets. Thus the idea of fusing a turret from M18 with spare M42 chassis came into the mind of the '''Combined Service Forces (聯合勤務總司令部；aka 聯勤)'''. In ROC Year 64 (1975), they assembled one such tank and dubbed it the '''Type 64 Light Tank ([國造]六四式輕戰車)''' which was later approved by the Commander of the ROCA for serial modifications. Some 42 M64s were assembled over the next 3 years, first seen deployed in northern Taiwan at Hsinchu and then redeployed at Penghu for defence.

As the tensions of the Taiwan Strait Crisis passed, these M64s were soon decommissioned in 1981; the only two known examples of M64 are now displayed at Armour Training Command (陸軍裝甲兵訓練指揮部) at Hukou, Hsinchu and Camp Chenggongling (成功嶺營區) at Wu'ri, Taichung City.

=== [[wt:en/news/7521-development-battle-pass-vehicles-m64-en|Devblog]] ===
In the early 1950s, armed forces on Taiwan obtained a large number of armoured fighting vehicles from the U.S. and South Korea, mainly consisting of M18 Hellcat and M24 Chaffee tanks as well as a few dozen Shermans. In October 1958, they also managed to obtain a number of American M41 Walker Bulldog light tanks. However, despite more advanced vehicles becoming available, the military retained even the older vehicles in active service, leading to some vehicles even exceeding the service life of their original design. By 1969 however, the military decommissioned and scrapped several dozen M18 Hellcats. This in turn, created a gap in the fighting strength and a stopgap solution had to be formulated.

The solution came in the form of the M64 light tank, developed in 1975. It was conceived on the basis of the M42 Duster chassis which were obtained alongside the M41 Walker Bulldogs in the late 1950s. Engineers then combined the chassis with the turret of the previously decommissioned M18 Hellcats to form a new highly mobile light tank, designated the M64. Entering service in 1975, around 53 M64 light tanks were built. These vehicles didn't see any combat use and were retired from active service in 1981.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=cn_type_64 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|WlS7yspnciI|'''Battle Pass: Firepower''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 02:14 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7521-development-battle-pass-vehicles-m64-en|[Devblog] Battle Pass vehicles: M64]]

{{TankManufacturer Ordnance Research Development Center}}
{{China light tanks}}
{{China premium ground vehicles}}

Halifax B Mk IIIa

2024-01-01T21:59:04Z

U120610831: /* Suspended armament */ Add note regarding bomb sequencing

{{Specs-Card
|code=halifax_mk3
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.59 "Flaming Arrows"]].

The Halifax is an interesting member of the British bomber line. It is the first true British heavy bomber, a big change from its predecessors, which are all either flying boats, medium, or light bombers. With the transition to heavy bombers, comes a change in tactics. The Halifax will outclass almost every rank 2 and 3 bombers in terms of payload. It will also generally beat every same battle-rated bomber in the payload department as well. However, being a heavy bomber has its drawbacks. Compared to nearly all previous British bombers, this one is slower and has a noticeably slow climb rate. While the payload upgrade is nice, the Halifax is not very durable. Worse, the Halifax lacks effective defensive weapons, a flaw of nearly all British bombers. The main priority, as a result, should be targeting bases and avoiding opposing pilots as much as possible. Use high altitude and less direct travel routes to get to your targets. If you are engaged, your defensive guns can save you, but they are not very reliable. In addition, this bomber does not have any ventral turrets, leaving a massive defensive gap directly under the aircraft. You also only have one singular machine gun able to cover the fore-lower approach to your aircraft and little in the way of armour plating for the pilot other than a steel bulkhead that won't protect against cannon shells or rifle-calibre bullets well. However, if you can keep safe and deliver your payload, you will find this to be a very effective bomber.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,115 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 436 || 420 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 35.0 || 35.8 || 3.8 || 3.8 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 478 || 454 || 33.2 || 34.0 || 9.9 || 6.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
[[File:Halifax 3.png|450px|right|thumb|A Halifax in action over Sicily.]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 541  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 491 || 454 || 260 || ~4 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 350 || < 370 || < 350 || > 280
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 6.35 mm steel in front and floor of the cockpit
* 8 mm steel behind the pilot and in rear fuselage bulkhead

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|S.A.P. Mk.II (500 lb)|M.C. Mk.I (1,000 lb)|A.P. Mk.I (2,000 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 15 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (3,750 lb total)
* 15 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (7,500 lb total)
* 15 x 500 lb S.A.P. Mk.II bombs (7,500 lb total)
* 9 x 1,000 lb M.C. Mk.I bombs + 6 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (12,000 lb total)
* 4 x 2,000 lb A.P. Mk.I bombs (8,000 lb total)

Note: With the 9 x 1,000 lb + 6 x 500 lb load, the 500 lb bombs drop first from bays in the inner wings, then the 1,000 lb bombs from the ventral bomb bay.

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.7 mm)|Vickers K (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.7 mm Vickers K machine gun, nose turret (1,000 rpg)
* 4 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, dorsal turret (600 rpg = 2,400 total)
* 4 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, tail turret (1,700 rpg = 6,800 total)

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Cool Halifax.png|alt=A Halifax landed on a hill at sunrise.|thumb|550x550px|A Halifax, landed on a hill, looking good.]]
The Halifax Mark IIIa is the first true "heavy" bomber that an Allied player will unlock. It has four engines that do well at higher altitudes- above the height of 4,000 m (13,000 ft) - and it has a large payload of around 12,000 pounds of bombs, going by weight. This is sufficient so that one Halifax can, on their own, annihilate all three minibases in a match and take a small chunk out of the enemy airfield, and otherwise, it can take a sizeable chunk out of the airfield- around three-quarters of the base's total HP. Two Halifaxes can annihilate all the bases and most of the airfield together in its BR bracket. Three Halifaxes can destroy everything in an uptier. Four Halifaxes, should they survive the trip to the enemy bases, can destroy everything they see on the map and result in a fast game-over. It dwarfs the payloads of contemporary 4.0 bombers, such as the [[Pe-2-83]], [[B-25J-1]], and the [[Yer-2 (M-105)]] with its overwhelmingly large bombload.

However, the Halifax is not all explosions, sunshine and rainbows. The aircraft requires you to play very defensively and requires you to be a crack shot with the turrets and able to know where enemies are going and be lucky enough to avoid their fire. The Halifax B Mk IIIa is a British bomber, and in-game, has a notorious reputation for carrying a lot of bombs, but being unable to avoid fighter aircraft (doesn't climb fast enough nor perform well enough at high altitude) or defend itself (four/eight 7.7 mm machine guns is absolutely inadequate at its BR). However, if your aim is extremely on point, you may be able to defeat one or two enemy fighter aircraft before being defeated yourself. While it does have a good bombload, pilots will find that it has problems in actually getting to the target. Sideclimbing can be a very useful tactic in the Halifax, as you can wait for some of the enemy fighters to lose altitude while gaining some yourself.

One technique that some British pilots use to some degree of success are low-altitude dambusters-style raids flying at treetop level, just above terrain. This allows you to avoid Axis fighters (most of which climb too high to dive on you), but if you are unlucky , will simply leave you at the mercy of Bf 109s, Fw 190s, low-flying Japanese aircraft and all attackers which will enjoy the opportunity for a free kill. You need to be watching the skies and make course corrections to avoid enemy aircraft, since you do not have the weapons nor performance to take them out or outrun them. You need to pre-empt where enemy aircraft will be and make adjustments as such. You are also harder to see above water, above forests and above large urban areas (e.g. the cities on Ruhr) due to the bi-colour night-time camouflage. Use this to your advantage.

When in air RB match, it is advised to sideclimb to 6500-7,000m to avoid interceptors (which usually only climb to 4,500 m and don't want to waste time climbing up to you) and approach one of the sets of two bases from an angle where you can take them both out in a single pass with 6 x 500 lb and 1 x 1,000 lb bombs for the first base and 3 x 1,000 lb bombs for the second. After that approach the other bases in the same manner (if they are not already destroyed) with 3 x 1,000 lb bombs for the first and the remaining 2 x 1,000 lb bombs on the second base. If the second set of bases have been bombed before you get to them, bomb the airfield and your remaining 4 x 1,000 lb bombs will take a hefty chunk out of the airfield's HP.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

Vent the radiator and set prop pitch to 100% immediately after spawning in. Set supercharger gears to gear 2.

For some extra speed in level flight set prop pitch to 85%.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Versatile - It is capable of flying low-altitude runs for minibases, or high-altitude bombing runs.
* Can carry an overwhelming 12,000 lb of bombs, giving it the heaviest payload at ranks II-III, and outclasses many rank IV bombers
* In RB, the bomber can with a full payload take out three out of the four bases (and most of fourth base) without needing to rearm.
* Full payload can also take out 3/4 of an Airfield's HP in the BR bracket
* Fast and fairly manoeuvrable for a heavy bomber, with flaps that do not rip easily
* Performance is almost unaffected by payload options due to the internal payload carriage that doesn't create drag
* Fantastic climb rate with WEP; can easily reach 6,000 m (~20,000 ft), with full payload just by side climbing (which is heavily advised to minimize interception by enemies)
* Reliable engines that will not overheat with continuous WEP at 7,500 m (~25,000 ft) and above
* Can fly with two engines if needed - or even one, if trying to land
** Dorsal and tail gunner can do a lot of damage to aircraft attacking from above if used correctly (typically BnZ fighters)
** Tail gunner can fire almost directly down, underneath the turret, so unless an enemy goes under your airframe, you should have time to react and fire a few bursts
** Both dorsal and tail turrets contain a lot of ammunition, capable of spraying enemies with waves of continuous gunfire
* The aircraft, if in the hands of a capable pilot, can continue to fly with horrific damage to control surfaces and engines

'''Cons:'''

* Being a large bomber with a heavy payload makes it a priority target in Air Battles
* Stock payload is useless for base bombing, and the plane isn't manoeuvrable enough to effectively attack smaller ground targets
* Nose is defended by a single 7.7 mm gun and the belly has no machine gun coverage, leaving them very vulnerable for enemy attacks
* Enemies attacking from below can deal serious damage to control surfaces and engines of the plane, making the plane difficult to manoeuvre
* 7.7 mm machine guns overall do not inflict a lot of damage, repeated hits are needed to disable an enemy plane
* Only one pilot, and no co-pilot unlike other heavy bombers. In addition, the pilot is not armoured, and is vulnerable to a head-on, since the only frontal defence is a single 7.7 mm Vickers K machine gun
* WEP causes overheating at low altitudes unless manual engine control is used to force radiators open
* Severe lack of armour for crew leaves them vulnerable
* The wings rip easily when under fire from anything larger than .50 cal MGs

== History ==


The Handley Page Halifax was an archetypal British heavy bomber, making up nearly half of all that were produced. At the point of its maximum production, its operations enveloped 41 separate factories, 600 subcontractors and 51,000 employees, with one Halifax completed every hour. The peak of its usage saw 76 Halifax-equipped Bomber Command Squadrons. As with the rest of its kind, the Halifax was known for its huge, lumbering profile and punishing bomb load. During its service with Britain, it flew 82,773 operations and dropped 224,207 tons of bombs. A grand total of 6,178 Halifaxes of all variants were built, with 1,833 planes lost.

During the mid-1930s, the British Air Ministry released Specification P.13/36, which detailed its need for a twin-engined medium/heavy bomber, suitable for "world-wide use". Multiple aircraft manufacturers submitted designs to meet its requirements, among them Handley Page, which submitted the HP56. By February 1937, the list of aircraft designed to meet specification was narrowed down to two candidates, Handley Page's HP56, and rival manufacturer Avro's Avro 679, with the possibility that both designs were to be selected. Ultimately, the 679 alone was selected for production and dubbed the "Manchester", as the Air Ministry had other plans for the HP56. After both American and Soviet engineers saw success in experimentation with four-engined bombers, the Air Ministry became interested in the concept. Accordingly, in 1936, it released Specification B.12/36, which detailed a four-engined heavy bomber with a range of 2,000 miles (~3,200 km), capable of carrying 14,000 lbs (6,350 kg) of ordnance. In 1937, as it prepared to select the 679 to meet P.13/36, the Air Ministry asked Handley Page to redesign the HP56 in order to meet B.12/36. By the end of the year, the initial design, designated the HP57, was complete. The RAF was so impressed with the design that in January of 1938, it ordered 100 of the aircraft into production. Construction of the prototype began in March 1938. It made its first flight on October 25, 1939, and after subsequent successful tests, was given the name "Halifax". It officially entered service in November of 1940, and flew its first combat mission, a bombing raid of the Le Havre docks, on March 10-11, 1941, but its existence was not confirmed by the RAF until it took part in a daylight bombing raid in July. Besides bombing raids, its duties included pathfinding, supply transport, paratroop transport, and, under Coastal Command, anti submarine, reconnaissance, and meteorological operations. Towards the end of the war in Europe, a few Halifaxes were modified for Allied use in the Pacific, but were ultimately too late to have any real effect on the outcome of that theatre. After the war, it was retired from British military service, and the majority of Halifaxes were scrapped. However, many found civilian use both at home and abroad. In addition, they remained in military service for the French, Egyptian, and Pakistani Air Forces. It remained in Pakistani service until 1961.

The B Mk. III was the most produced variant of the Halifax, beginning service in November of 1943. The main improvement included replacing the underperforming Rolls-Royce Merlin X engine with the more powerful Bristol Hercules XVI. This allowed the Halifax to perform better and increased its ceiling, a critically needed change that allowed the Halifax to fly at altitudes needed to avoid enemy fighters, whose attacks were becoming increasingly effective by that point of the war. Other changes included the adoption of de Havilland Hydromatic propellers and rounded wing tips. A total 2,091 were built.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=halifax_mk3 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|VTLOUPW67to|'''Ultra Cheeky Sneaky Tea - Halifax B Mk III a''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/3750-development-halifax-the-knight-of-the-sky-en|[Devblog] Halifax: the Knight of the Sky]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/315766-handley-page-halifax-mk-iii/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Handley}}
{{Britain bombers}}

T1E1

2023-11-22T23:44:31Z

U120610831: /* Mobility */ Initial note about mobility and reverse speed

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_t1e1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Sky Guardians"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


The armor is almost the same as the armor the one of the [[M6A1]] has, it just has more angled and rounded for better ricochet chances and efficient armour thickness. The weak spots are the viewing slit to the right of the machine guns and the unangled part on the lower hull.

'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour (Front, Transmission area, Turret, Side, Rear, Roof)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Side, Rear, Roof)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull ||69.8-82.5 mm (2-39°) ''Front'' 101.6 mm (2-39°) Transmission
|44.4 mm (6-28°) ''Top'' 25.4 + 70 mm ''Bottom''
|41.4 mm
|25.4 mm 10 mm ''Grilles''
|-
|Turret||101.6 mm (3-59°) ''Turret front'' 50.8 + 50.8 mm (0-65°) ''Gun mantlet''
|82.5 mm (0-12°)
|82.5 mm (0-74°)||25.4 mm
|-
|Cupola||82.5 mm||82.5 mm||82.5 mm||25.4 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Lower side armor has holes thus armour thickness varies between just armour skirt (25.4mm) and armor skirt + hull (25.4mm + 70mm).
* Side skirts are 25 mm thick rolled homogeneous armour and will trigger fuses on APHE projectiles. In most cases, APHE shells set off before reaching the main hull and destroying the ammo stack beneath. Still, both skirts and hull

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

Like its close relative the M6A1, this tank has surprisingly good mobility for its size. Unlike the M6A1, however, the T1E1 is just as fast in reverse as it is going forward.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,033|rbMinHp=708}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M7 (76 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M7 (76 mm)|76 mm M7]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 75 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+30° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Vertical|up to 24 km/h}} || 14.6 || 20.2 || 24.5 || 27.1 || 28.8 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.79 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 10.7 || 12.6 || 15.3 || 16.9 || 18.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M7 (76 mm)/Ammunition|M62 shell, M42A1 shell, M79 shot}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''75''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|M3 (37 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[M3 (37 mm)|37 mm M3]] || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
| 202 || - || - || {{Annotation|Vertical|up to 24 km/h}} || 3.7 || 3.3 || 3.0 || 2.9
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M3 (37 mm)/Ammunition|M74B1, M63 shell, M51B1}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''202''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (200) || 575 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
| Hull || 3,000 (200) || 575 || -10°/+35° || ±15°
|-
| Hull || 3,000 (200) || 575 || -10°/+35° || ±15°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The T1E1 is able to penetrate the front of most tanks at its BR with the 76 mm gun and can destroy most smaller enemies in a single shot. With the 37 mm cannon, you can still detrack enemy vehicles or damage cannon barrels. You may also bait your enemy out of cover by firing the 37 mm gun and using the 76 mm when they get out of cover. In addition to the 76 mm and 37 mm guns, you get 3 x .50 cal MGs which are very affective against light vehicles and SPAAs. The playstyle is similar to the M6A1, with the main difference being the reverse speed for the T1E1. The reverse gearbox allows for a scoot-and-shoot play-style with the player being able to move backwards and forwards at a impressive speed.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Reverse gearbox allows to quickly pull out a difficult situation
* 37 mm gun is great for destroying tracks
* Large crew of six
* 3 x .50 cal machine guns

'''Cons:'''

* Weak hull side armour
* Hull corners make angling ineffective
* Contains some frontal weak spots

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_t1e1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|C4P93QnwRlI|'''The Shooting Range #349''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:23 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* T1E3 / [[M6A1]] - Heavy tank production variant
* [[M6A2E1]] - Upgunned and uparmoured {{PAGENAME}}.

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{TankManufacturer Ordnance Department}}
{{USA heavy tanks}}

He 219 A-7

2023-09-30T20:13:12Z

U120610831: /* Radars */ Also fixed radar in "Main" link

{{Specs-Card
|code=he_219a_7
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} German strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.59 "Flaming Arrows"]]. The He 219 A-7 is unique as it is the first user-created vehicle to be featured in the game as part of the [[Affiliate_Program_Revenue_Share|Revenue Share Program]], created by Daniil ''"Joy_Division__"'' Zaitsev, inspired by ''"NovA29R"''. The plane texture was created by Arthur ''Pacifica'' Carley. The He 219 A-7 is purchasable in-game with {{ge}} and a percentage of the sale goes back to the model author who created it under the Revenue Share Program.

The Heinkel He 219 A-7 Uhu was produced by the legendary Heinkel company, which was renowned for making excellent aircraft. He 219 A-7 Uhu, is a powerful German Night Fighter, with less than 300 aircraft created during the war. It has a very distinct external appearance, the design of the aircraft resembles a "Tasman beaked whale". He-219-A7 features a pressurised cockpit, one pilot and one radar operator; who operates the plane. The plane offers a powerful twin "Daimler-Benz DB 603 E" engines. Each engine offers up to 1,774 metric horsepower with a top speed of 388 mph with WEP. The plane is able to climb up to altitudes of 8,000 m (26,248 feet) within 18 minutes and 22 seconds without using WEP.

The He 219-A7 has three different types of weaponry installed, with a grand total of six cannons.

In the fuselage, it has two Mk 103 30 mm cannons, given 200 rounds, with another pair of MG 151 20 mm cannons with 600 rounds. In the wings it has two Mk 108 30 mm cannons, with a total of 200 rounds. The total of all the ammunition, which it carries is 1,000 rounds. It can not be equipped with bombs, rockets, torpedoes or any other type of secondary weapons.

The unique ground-pounding capability of this aircraft makes it a true force to be reckoned with, if left alone. The "Armoured targets" belt for the Mk 103s, consisting of only {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}} bullets, is easily able to kill medium tanks from the sides and rear. While the Mk 108s or MG 151s can be left to deal with AAA or Artillery targets, or any fighters that dare to take it head-on.

Do note that the engines seem to overheat rather quickly when running at full WEP.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,700 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 602 || 584 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 32.2 || 33.4 || 8.4 || 8.3 || rowspan="2" | 444
|-
! Upgraded
| 648 || 624 || 29.4 || 30.7 || 13.7|| 10.8
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 470 || 444 || 310 || ~11 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 440 || < 420 || < 490 || > 280
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 8 mm Steel - pilot seat
* 8 mm Steel - radar operator seat
* 12 mm Steel- aircraft nose

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|MK 103 (30 mm)|MK 108 (30 mm)|MG 151 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm MK 108 cannons, wing-mounted (100 rpg = 200 total)
* 2 x 30 mm MK 103 cannons, belly-mounted (100 rpg = 200 total)
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, belly-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)

The six cannons are arranged two groups with the two 30 mm MK 108 cannons mounted in the wing roots, while the two Mk 103 and two MG 151 cannons are clustered in the belly of the fuselage. Each of the 30 mm cannons are armed with the same amount of ammunition, which means that all guns will fire together until empty. The 20 mm cannons on the other hand have three times as much ammunition and will continue to be able to fire when the 30 mm ammunition is depleted.

Note: The belly mounted 30 mm MK 103 cannons count as 'additional armament'. Be sure that they are keybound properly.

== Usage in battles ==

The below tactics, can be used in all games modes:

Climb to a high altitude, make sure the enemy aircraft is below you, descend and stay on their tail. Since most of your cannons are mounted in the fuselage you don't need to set convergence. However, since your two Mk 108 30 mm cannons are mounted in the wings, set it for 600 m anyway. This will allow them to help with main fuselage cannons to cause critical damage and/or to destroy the enemy plane.

'''Bombers''' 
Once you locate the enemy bombers, perform a fast descent, keeping your energy and speed up in the process. Once you are closing in, fire a short burst to get your attack angles right. As you start closing on your target, your target's gunners may start firing. The rugged airframe of the He-219 should be able to withstand hits.

This does not mean you should stay only on the bombers six o'clock during the attack; only staying on the six o'clock will result in your untimely death. You need to keep moving around erratically and being unpredictable, if the gunners on the target aircraft have not been neutralised.

Use WEP and fire two to three second bursts; this will bring the bomber down. Once the bomber is down, ascend and find your next prey. For tougher bombers such as the B-25 Mitchell, you will need to fire a longer burst if aiming for the fuselage, this should be about five seconds. However, you could always aim for the engines and wings and fire a much shorter burst of about two seconds, this will cause major damage to the engine, wing spar, flaps and ailerons, often causing the target aircraft to catch alight and/or lose control and crash which will award you with a kill.

'''Fighters, interceptors & strike aircraft''' 
As long as you stay on its tail and are undetected, a fighter aircraft will be a easy kill.

Stay on its tail and do not let it escape. Do not lose your energy: do not turn fight, this is how you will lose the energy you require to escape. Fire above or below the direction it is going to go; as soon as it starts to turn, disengage and use WEP to get away from that enemy aircraft.

You should really watch out for the following planes, these are able to outperform and eliminate you from the battle: P-61 Black Widow, Yak 9UT including all the Yaks, the P-51 Mustang, includes all American fighters and British Spitfires.

'''How to perform defensive fighting:''' 
When you are being engaged by an enemy fighter, make sure you push the engines to WEP and push the plane into a very steep dive of about 70 degrees. You will reach about 470 mph in this dive, do not perform sharp movements this will result in you causing structural damage and often will rip your wings clean off. To get out of this speed make small improvements to the dive angle of attack, you can keep the speed and energy gained from this evasive dive, then commence your climb back to a high altitude.

'''Ground-pounding''' 
From the very start of the game, dive down to very low altitude, perhaps choosing a bearing away from the expected flight path of any enemy fighters. Try to let them pass and engage the fighters on your team before engaging any of the ground targets.

Medium tanks can be killed very easily with the Mk 103s "Armoured Targets" belt, aim for the sides of the tanks, or the back of the tanks.

Try your best not to over-extend, as the flight characteristics of the He 219 are not forgiving if you dip too low.

After killing a target from the side, fly a bit away before turning around to re-engage other targets, as you want the best possible chance to strike the tanks with a single shot of the Mk 103s, which ''can'' kill tanks easily.

AAA and Artillery can be left alone, or killed easily with the Mk 108s or MG 151s, as you probably want to save the Mk 103s for heavier targets.

===Radars===
{{main|FuG-220}}
The He 219 A-7 is equipped with a [[FuG-220|FuG 220]] search radar, located in the nose of the aircraft; a control box which is part of the radar damage model is located in the rear of the cockpit.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | [[FuG-220|FuG 220]] - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
| 8,000 m || 8,000 m || ±35° || -55°/+20°
|-
|}

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Armament
** Very powerful gun armament with a high one-second burst mass
** Powerful 30 mm MK 108 cannons
** MK 103 are devastating to ground target, especially with HVAP-T rounds with excellent 77 mm of armour penetration
** High burst mass means the plane excels in bomber hunting
* Airframe, performance and handling
** Decent climb rate with WEP
** Tough and sturdy airframe
** Landing gear is strong, can take a fast hard landing
** Can make it back to the airfield with one engine
** Can put wing fuel tank fires out in a dive as longed as the engine is throttled back
** Engines cool down quickly
* Has access to radar

'''Cons:'''

* Armament
** 30 mm MK108 cannons have low velocity
** No defensive or additional armament
* Airframe, performance and handling
** Below average manoeuvrability
** Hard to evade enemies if they are on your tail
** Can start to overheat quickly when using WEP
** Subpar top speed of 388 mph (624 km/h)
** Mediocre climb rate performance without WEP
** Can stall easily, if you put it in a steep climb
** Long landing distance
** Heavy airframe makes it a subpar dogfighter
** Fuselage fires cannot be put out
** Can be hard to control at low speed and steep angles
** At an 85-90 degree roll in a turn, the plane will flip over; this can be very hard to recover from at low altitude
** Impossible to land without landing gear as the tail section will snap off upon impact with the ground
** Massive ballistic performance difference between your three different cannons, making it in most scenarios impossible to fully utilize the full firepower of all 3

== History ==

The He 219 'Uhu' ("Eagle-Owl") was a German prototype night fighter of the Second World War. Designed to counter strategic bombers such as the [[Lancaster B Mk I|Avro Lancaster]], the He 219 was fitted with a radar and Schräge Musik upwards-firing weapons. The aircraft was also the first German aircraft to be fitted with a tricycle landing gear arrangement, and the first production aircraft to be fitted with ejection seats.

The design and development of the He 219 was long and delayed due to rivalries within the Luftwaffe. Following repeated design changes and delays, the first prototype began construction in February of 1942 funded entirely by Heinkel, as the RLM (German air ministry) was unwilling. After the prototype engine choice was changed to the Daimler DB 603C (the same engine used on the Fw 190 C high-altitude fighter), the prototype was finally completed and flown in November of 1942. The aircraft impressed German night fighter commander Josef Kammhuber, and as a result, the aircraft was ordered into production against the wishes of the RLM. After more internal conflicts, the He 219 was ordered into production.

The He 219 A-0 was the first production model of the He 219 and was powered by two DB 603 A engines. The aircraft was followed by the He 219 A-2 with extended fuel tanks. The He 219 A-1, A-5 and A-6 were prototypes for various purposes and were not completed. The He 219 A-7 was the last production model of the He 219, featuring upgraded DB 603E engines.

In terms of design, the He 219 featured a high-mounted wing with two engine nacelles each housing a DB 603E engine and was capable of 670 km/h at 7,000 m altitude. The landing gear was arranged in a tricycle configuration, each rear landing gear leg mounted in the nacelle. The He 219 had a crew of two in a pressurized cockpit, both crew members having access to ejection seats. In terms of armament, the He 219 had four 20 mm MG 151/20 autocannons firing forward and two 30 mm MK 108 cannons firing upwards in a Schräge Musik configuration: these weapons proved to be very effective against bombers.

In service, the He 219 proved to be quite effective against allied bombers: the aircraft could be directed to the general area by ground control, then locate and engage enemy bombers using their radars. In total, 210 He 219 A-7 aircraft were ordered, but the actual number completed is not known. In total, roughly 300 He 219 aircraft were built; following the war, three aircraft were acquired by the USAF for testing. One He 219 survives today, an A-2 variant, at the Smithsonian National Air & Space museum in Washington DC.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=he_219a_7 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|L04Bp-FkBhA|'''The Shooting Range #4''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 06:09 discusses the He 219 A-7.}}

== See also ==


* [[Ta 154 A-1]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/3746-development-he-219-the-night-hunter-en/|[Devblog] He 219: The Night Hunter]]
* [[wt:en/news/2799--en/|[News] Revenue Share Program]]
* [http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/315760-heinkel-he-219-a-7/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Heinkel}}
{{Germany strike aircraft}}
{{Germany premium aircraft}}

He 219 A-7

2023-09-30T20:10:36Z

U120610831: /* Radars */ Fixed radar to FuG 220 instead of 202

{{Specs-Card
|code=he_219a_7
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} German strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.59 "Flaming Arrows"]]. The He 219 A-7 is unique as it is the first user-created vehicle to be featured in the game as part of the [[Affiliate_Program_Revenue_Share|Revenue Share Program]], created by Daniil ''"Joy_Division__"'' Zaitsev, inspired by ''"NovA29R"''. The plane texture was created by Arthur ''Pacifica'' Carley. The He 219 A-7 is purchasable in-game with {{ge}} and a percentage of the sale goes back to the model author who created it under the Revenue Share Program.

The Heinkel He 219 A-7 Uhu was produced by the legendary Heinkel company, which was renowned for making excellent aircraft. He 219 A-7 Uhu, is a powerful German Night Fighter, with less than 300 aircraft created during the war. It has a very distinct external appearance, the design of the aircraft resembles a "Tasman beaked whale". He-219-A7 features a pressurised cockpit, one pilot and one radar operator; who operates the plane. The plane offers a powerful twin "Daimler-Benz DB 603 E" engines. Each engine offers up to 1,774 metric horsepower with a top speed of 388 mph with WEP. The plane is able to climb up to altitudes of 8,000 m (26,248 feet) within 18 minutes and 22 seconds without using WEP.

The He 219-A7 has three different types of weaponry installed, with a grand total of six cannons.

In the fuselage, it has two Mk 103 30 mm cannons, given 200 rounds, with another pair of MG 151 20 mm cannons with 600 rounds. In the wings it has two Mk 108 30 mm cannons, with a total of 200 rounds. The total of all the ammunition, which it carries is 1,000 rounds. It can not be equipped with bombs, rockets, torpedoes or any other type of secondary weapons.

The unique ground-pounding capability of this aircraft makes it a true force to be reckoned with, if left alone. The "Armoured targets" belt for the Mk 103s, consisting of only {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}} bullets, is easily able to kill medium tanks from the sides and rear. While the Mk 108s or MG 151s can be left to deal with AAA or Artillery targets, or any fighters that dare to take it head-on.

Do note that the engines seem to overheat rather quickly when running at full WEP.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,700 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 602 || 584 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 32.2 || 33.4 || 8.4 || 8.3 || rowspan="2" | 444
|-
! Upgraded
| 648 || 624 || 29.4 || 30.7 || 13.7|| 10.8
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 470 || 444 || 310 || ~11 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 440 || < 420 || < 490 || > 280
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 8 mm Steel - pilot seat
* 8 mm Steel - radar operator seat
* 12 mm Steel- aircraft nose

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|MK 103 (30 mm)|MK 108 (30 mm)|MG 151 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm MK 108 cannons, wing-mounted (100 rpg = 200 total)
* 2 x 30 mm MK 103 cannons, belly-mounted (100 rpg = 200 total)
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, belly-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)

The six cannons are arranged two groups with the two 30 mm MK 108 cannons mounted in the wing roots, while the two Mk 103 and two MG 151 cannons are clustered in the belly of the fuselage. Each of the 30 mm cannons are armed with the same amount of ammunition, which means that all guns will fire together until empty. The 20 mm cannons on the other hand have three times as much ammunition and will continue to be able to fire when the 30 mm ammunition is depleted.

Note: The belly mounted 30 mm MK 103 cannons count as 'additional armament'. Be sure that they are keybound properly.

== Usage in battles ==

The below tactics, can be used in all games modes:

Climb to a high altitude, make sure the enemy aircraft is below you, descend and stay on their tail. Since most of your cannons are mounted in the fuselage you don't need to set convergence. However, since your two Mk 108 30 mm cannons are mounted in the wings, set it for 600 m anyway. This will allow them to help with main fuselage cannons to cause critical damage and/or to destroy the enemy plane.

'''Bombers''' 
Once you locate the enemy bombers, perform a fast descent, keeping your energy and speed up in the process. Once you are closing in, fire a short burst to get your attack angles right. As you start closing on your target, your target's gunners may start firing. The rugged airframe of the He-219 should be able to withstand hits.

This does not mean you should stay only on the bombers six o'clock during the attack; only staying on the six o'clock will result in your untimely death. You need to keep moving around erratically and being unpredictable, if the gunners on the target aircraft have not been neutralised.

Use WEP and fire two to three second bursts; this will bring the bomber down. Once the bomber is down, ascend and find your next prey. For tougher bombers such as the B-25 Mitchell, you will need to fire a longer burst if aiming for the fuselage, this should be about five seconds. However, you could always aim for the engines and wings and fire a much shorter burst of about two seconds, this will cause major damage to the engine, wing spar, flaps and ailerons, often causing the target aircraft to catch alight and/or lose control and crash which will award you with a kill.

'''Fighters, interceptors & strike aircraft''' 
As long as you stay on its tail and are undetected, a fighter aircraft will be a easy kill.

Stay on its tail and do not let it escape. Do not lose your energy: do not turn fight, this is how you will lose the energy you require to escape. Fire above or below the direction it is going to go; as soon as it starts to turn, disengage and use WEP to get away from that enemy aircraft.

You should really watch out for the following planes, these are able to outperform and eliminate you from the battle: P-61 Black Widow, Yak 9UT including all the Yaks, the P-51 Mustang, includes all American fighters and British Spitfires.

'''How to perform defensive fighting:''' 
When you are being engaged by an enemy fighter, make sure you push the engines to WEP and push the plane into a very steep dive of about 70 degrees. You will reach about 470 mph in this dive, do not perform sharp movements this will result in you causing structural damage and often will rip your wings clean off. To get out of this speed make small improvements to the dive angle of attack, you can keep the speed and energy gained from this evasive dive, then commence your climb back to a high altitude.

'''Ground-pounding''' 
From the very start of the game, dive down to very low altitude, perhaps choosing a bearing away from the expected flight path of any enemy fighters. Try to let them pass and engage the fighters on your team before engaging any of the ground targets.

Medium tanks can be killed very easily with the Mk 103s "Armoured Targets" belt, aim for the sides of the tanks, or the back of the tanks.

Try your best not to over-extend, as the flight characteristics of the He 219 are not forgiving if you dip too low.

After killing a target from the side, fly a bit away before turning around to re-engage other targets, as you want the best possible chance to strike the tanks with a single shot of the Mk 103s, which ''can'' kill tanks easily.

AAA and Artillery can be left alone, or killed easily with the Mk 108s or MG 151s, as you probably want to save the Mk 103s for heavier targets.

===Radars===
{{main|FuG 202}}
The He 219 A-7 is equipped with a [[FuG-220|FuG 220]] search radar, located in the nose of the aircraft; a control box which is part of the radar damage model is located in the rear of the cockpit.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | [[FuG-220|FuG 220]] - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
| 8,000 m || 8,000 m || ±35° || -55°/+20°
|-
|}

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Armament
** Very powerful gun armament with a high one-second burst mass
** Powerful 30 mm MK 108 cannons
** MK 103 are devastating to ground target, especially with HVAP-T rounds with excellent 77 mm of armour penetration
** High burst mass means the plane excels in bomber hunting
* Airframe, performance and handling
** Decent climb rate with WEP
** Tough and sturdy airframe
** Landing gear is strong, can take a fast hard landing
** Can make it back to the airfield with one engine
** Can put wing fuel tank fires out in a dive as longed as the engine is throttled back
** Engines cool down quickly
* Has access to radar

'''Cons:'''

* Armament
** 30 mm MK108 cannons have low velocity
** No defensive or additional armament
* Airframe, performance and handling
** Below average manoeuvrability
** Hard to evade enemies if they are on your tail
** Can start to overheat quickly when using WEP
** Subpar top speed of 388 mph (624 km/h)
** Mediocre climb rate performance without WEP
** Can stall easily, if you put it in a steep climb
** Long landing distance
** Heavy airframe makes it a subpar dogfighter
** Fuselage fires cannot be put out
** Can be hard to control at low speed and steep angles
** At an 85-90 degree roll in a turn, the plane will flip over; this can be very hard to recover from at low altitude
** Impossible to land without landing gear as the tail section will snap off upon impact with the ground
** Massive ballistic performance difference between your three different cannons, making it in most scenarios impossible to fully utilize the full firepower of all 3

== History ==

The He 219 'Uhu' ("Eagle-Owl") was a German prototype night fighter of the Second World War. Designed to counter strategic bombers such as the [[Lancaster B Mk I|Avro Lancaster]], the He 219 was fitted with a radar and Schräge Musik upwards-firing weapons. The aircraft was also the first German aircraft to be fitted with a tricycle landing gear arrangement, and the first production aircraft to be fitted with ejection seats.

The design and development of the He 219 was long and delayed due to rivalries within the Luftwaffe. Following repeated design changes and delays, the first prototype began construction in February of 1942 funded entirely by Heinkel, as the RLM (German air ministry) was unwilling. After the prototype engine choice was changed to the Daimler DB 603C (the same engine used on the Fw 190 C high-altitude fighter), the prototype was finally completed and flown in November of 1942. The aircraft impressed German night fighter commander Josef Kammhuber, and as a result, the aircraft was ordered into production against the wishes of the RLM. After more internal conflicts, the He 219 was ordered into production.

The He 219 A-0 was the first production model of the He 219 and was powered by two DB 603 A engines. The aircraft was followed by the He 219 A-2 with extended fuel tanks. The He 219 A-1, A-5 and A-6 were prototypes for various purposes and were not completed. The He 219 A-7 was the last production model of the He 219, featuring upgraded DB 603E engines.

In terms of design, the He 219 featured a high-mounted wing with two engine nacelles each housing a DB 603E engine and was capable of 670 km/h at 7,000 m altitude. The landing gear was arranged in a tricycle configuration, each rear landing gear leg mounted in the nacelle. The He 219 had a crew of two in a pressurized cockpit, both crew members having access to ejection seats. In terms of armament, the He 219 had four 20 mm MG 151/20 autocannons firing forward and two 30 mm MK 108 cannons firing upwards in a Schräge Musik configuration: these weapons proved to be very effective against bombers.

In service, the He 219 proved to be quite effective against allied bombers: the aircraft could be directed to the general area by ground control, then locate and engage enemy bombers using their radars. In total, 210 He 219 A-7 aircraft were ordered, but the actual number completed is not known. In total, roughly 300 He 219 aircraft were built; following the war, three aircraft were acquired by the USAF for testing. One He 219 survives today, an A-2 variant, at the Smithsonian National Air & Space museum in Washington DC.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=he_219a_7 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|L04Bp-FkBhA|'''The Shooting Range #4''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 06:09 discusses the He 219 A-7.}}

== See also ==


* [[Ta 154 A-1]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/3746-development-he-219-the-night-hunter-en/|[Devblog] He 219: The Night Hunter]]
* [[wt:en/news/2799--en/|[News] Revenue Share Program]]
* [http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/315760-heinkel-he-219-a-7/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Heinkel}}
{{Germany strike aircraft}}
{{Germany premium aircraft}}

User talk:U28580205

2023-09-26T04:28:07Z

U120610831: /* Ammo Layouts */

==Archive==
[[User_talk:U28580205/Archive|Archive]]

== Ozelot's BR should be 9.3 (RB) ==

Hello,

I do not know how to edit the specs card. Maybe you could help me out by editing the specs or telling me how to do it? The Ozelot's BR for realistic battles has changed from 9.0 to 9.3 recently (along the Wiesel 1A2). --[[User:U52143303|U52143303]] ([[User talk:U52143303|talk]]) 16:44, 4 December 2021‎ (UTC)
: Hello. The spec cards are uneditable. Battle ratings will be automatically updated shortly. Please be patient as it may take a few days to roll out. --[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 13:05, 5 December 2021 (UTC)

== Image source ==

Greetings Inceptor57!
Thank you for the message you sent me regarding the copyright status.
I will look into photographs that are free to use without copyright.
Thanks for clearing this up and have a great rest of your day/night.
Kind regards --[[User:U101799908|U101799908]] ([[User talk:U101799908|talk]]) 20:57, 30 December 2021‎ (UTC)
: Hello. Your welcome. Please don't hesitate to ask any other questions. The eligible photos are those relevant to the wiki content and are either public domain or are under copyright with shareable terms (i.e. Creative Commons). --[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 21:42, 30 December 2021 (UTC)

== Economy stats ==

Hello,

I've got a question about vehicle stats (be it price or economy): where does the wiki get the data from? For example the economy: there is the template Specs-Economy, which then uses #unit:#var:me to get the data from. But I do not get how this exactly works and where that data is ultimately stored. My guess unit:var:me means that the unit is variable and the term "me" is refererring to the page name.

I am considering making a side project for WT which would require getting all SL/RP/GE costs for all vehicles ... and typing that by hand is a bit much for ~ 2,000 vehicles, especially if one would have to redo this everytime Gaijin makes a major update or tweaks the economy. So I was wondering is there is here somewhere a comprehensive list of this, or at least if I would be able to compile one if I'd understand how this works. -- [[User:U50113119|U50113119]] ([[User talk:U50113119|talk]]) 20:27, 29 October 2022 (UTC)

== About the 2S38 hatches & question ==

Hello !
First of all, thanks for correcting and approving some of my edits, I'm fairly new and still need some practice.
About the 2S38 hatches, you modified my edit from "18 mm + 20 mm" to "18 mm or 20 mm", which I think is incorrect; in the armor indicator you can see first an 18mm layer of anti-radiation liner, and then 20mm of ABT-102 alloy under it.

Also, a user by the name of Larsofd completely deleted the edits I had made on the AMX-32 (105), concerning it's armour and machine guns. Did I do something wrong ? By looking at it's contributions, it's the only one he has ever made, so could you look into it please?
Thanks. -- [[User:U134256117|U134256117]] ([[User talk:U134256117|talk]]) 19:30, 28 January 2023 (UTC)
: Greetings. Yes, you are correct about the 2S38 hatches. My mistake. One of my colleagues have made the corrections. Regarding the AMX-32 (105) edits, I believe it is simply a quirk of the wiki system if a user edits an older revision of the page. So the user may have unknowingly saved their edits onto an older page revision, which would have overridden the current page revision that your edit made. Otherwise from the looks of it, there does not appear to be anything inherently wrong with your edits. --[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 16:38, 29 January 2023 (UTC)

== Ammo Layouts ==

Hi there. I wish I'd found your "How to add Ammo Rack information to vehicle pages" page before now. It's hard to get started as an editor here. Documentation exists but is fragmented and inconsistent, and there's no real feedback on the edits.

I've now added ammo info for two vehicles, the SARC Mk IV and the Turán I. You mention that the ammo rack images should be categorized, but I'm not quite clear on how to do that in the editor.

Actually it seems that I didn't read far enough. "Upload Summary" seems to be the correct answer. I'll keep that in mind in the future.

[[User:U120610831|U120610831]] ([[User talk:U120610831|talk]]) 04:17, 26 September 2023 (UTC)

File:Ammoracks SARC MkIVa.png

2023-09-26T04:27:09Z

U120610831: Category:Ammo racks

Ammo layout of the SARC Mk IV

User talk:U28580205

2023-09-26T04:17:45Z

U120610831: /* Ammo Layouts */ new section

==Archive==
[[User_talk:U28580205/Archive|Archive]]

== Ozelot's BR should be 9.3 (RB) ==

Hello,

I do not know how to edit the specs card. Maybe you could help me out by editing the specs or telling me how to do it? The Ozelot's BR for realistic battles has changed from 9.0 to 9.3 recently (along the Wiesel 1A2). --[[User:U52143303|U52143303]] ([[User talk:U52143303|talk]]) 16:44, 4 December 2021‎ (UTC)
: Hello. The spec cards are uneditable. Battle ratings will be automatically updated shortly. Please be patient as it may take a few days to roll out. --[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 13:05, 5 December 2021 (UTC)

== Image source ==

Greetings Inceptor57!
Thank you for the message you sent me regarding the copyright status.
I will look into photographs that are free to use without copyright.
Thanks for clearing this up and have a great rest of your day/night.
Kind regards --[[User:U101799908|U101799908]] ([[User talk:U101799908|talk]]) 20:57, 30 December 2021‎ (UTC)
: Hello. Your welcome. Please don't hesitate to ask any other questions. The eligible photos are those relevant to the wiki content and are either public domain or are under copyright with shareable terms (i.e. Creative Commons). --[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 21:42, 30 December 2021 (UTC)

== Economy stats ==

Hello,

I've got a question about vehicle stats (be it price or economy): where does the wiki get the data from? For example the economy: there is the template Specs-Economy, which then uses #unit:#var:me to get the data from. But I do not get how this exactly works and where that data is ultimately stored. My guess unit:var:me means that the unit is variable and the term "me" is refererring to the page name.

I am considering making a side project for WT which would require getting all SL/RP/GE costs for all vehicles ... and typing that by hand is a bit much for ~ 2,000 vehicles, especially if one would have to redo this everytime Gaijin makes a major update or tweaks the economy. So I was wondering is there is here somewhere a comprehensive list of this, or at least if I would be able to compile one if I'd understand how this works. -- [[User:U50113119|U50113119]] ([[User talk:U50113119|talk]]) 20:27, 29 October 2022 (UTC)

== About the 2S38 hatches & question ==

Hello !
First of all, thanks for correcting and approving some of my edits, I'm fairly new and still need some practice.
About the 2S38 hatches, you modified my edit from "18 mm + 20 mm" to "18 mm or 20 mm", which I think is incorrect; in the armor indicator you can see first an 18mm layer of anti-radiation liner, and then 20mm of ABT-102 alloy under it.

Also, a user by the name of Larsofd completely deleted the edits I had made on the AMX-32 (105), concerning it's armour and machine guns. Did I do something wrong ? By looking at it's contributions, it's the only one he has ever made, so could you look into it please?
Thanks. -- [[User:U134256117|U134256117]] ([[User talk:U134256117|talk]]) 19:30, 28 January 2023 (UTC)
: Greetings. Yes, you are correct about the 2S38 hatches. My mistake. One of my colleagues have made the corrections. Regarding the AMX-32 (105) edits, I believe it is simply a quirk of the wiki system if a user edits an older revision of the page. So the user may have unknowingly saved their edits onto an older page revision, which would have overridden the current page revision that your edit made. Otherwise from the looks of it, there does not appear to be anything inherently wrong with your edits. --[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 16:38, 29 January 2023 (UTC)

== Ammo Layouts ==

Hi there. I wish I'd found your "How to add Ammo Rack information to vehicle pages" page before now. It's hard to get started as an editor here. Documentation exists but is fragmented and inconsistent, and there's no real feedback on the edits.

I've now added ammo info for two vehicles, the SARC Mk IV and the Turán I. You mention that the ammo rack images should be categorized, but I'm not quite clear on how to do that in the editor.
[[User:U120610831|U120610831]] ([[User talk:U120610831|talk]]) 04:17, 26 September 2023 (UTC)

Turan I

2023-09-26T00:08:21Z

U120610831: Ammo layout

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_40m_turan_1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|MAVAG 41.M 40/51 (40 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MAVAG 41.M 40/51 (40 mm)|40 mm MAVAG 41.M 40/51]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 101 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Shoulder|up to 10 km/h}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:MAVAG 41.M 40/51 (40 mm)/Ammunition|36M, 39M, 43M}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
!7th rack empty
!8th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''101''' || 89 ''(+12)'' || 77 ''(+24)'' || 65 ''(+36)'' || 53 ''(+48)'' || 41 ''(+60)'' || 29 ''(+72)''
|17 ''(+84)''
|1 ''(+100)''|| __
|-
|}
Note: Racks 1 and 2 are modeled in groups of three shells. All others are modeled in groups of two shells.

Turret empty: 41 (+60) shells.
[[File:Turan I ammo layout.png|thumb|Ammunition layout of Turán I. Racks 1 and 2 turret front, 3 lower hull, 4 and 5 turret rear, 6 and 7 hull sponsons, 8 lower hull.]]

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|34/40M (8 mm)}}

''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[34/40M (8 mm)|8 mm 34/40M]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Reverse gearbox allows it to retreat from danger quickly, or to reposition itself conveniently
* Shoulder stabiliser gives it a fair advantage in close quarter combat
* 50 mm frontal armor is sturdy against tanks using small caliber rounds (e.g. [[M3 Stuart (Family)|M3]]/[[M5 Stuart (Family)|M5]])
* -10° gun depression makes combat in mountainous terrain easy
* Spaced skirts on the sides protects the tank from HEAT (to an extent) and HE

'''Cons:'''

* Angling the hull leaves a section almost vertical to the direction of threat, becoming a weakspot
* Armor can be defeated by tank destroyers like [[ZiS-30]] and [[Marder III|Marder]] III
* Low power-to-weight ratio of around 13 makes cross country a struggle
* 40 mm cannon performs poorly in ranged combat, as its penetration drops drastically
* Lacklustre turret traverse speed

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy medium tanks}}

File:Ammoracks Turan I.png

2023-09-26T00:05:30Z

U120610831:

Ammunition layout of Turan I. Racks 1 and 2 turret front, 3 lower hull, 4 and 5 turret rear, 6 and 7 hull sponsons, 8 lower hull

SARC MkIVa

2023-08-26T22:09:25Z

U120610831: /* External links */ Fletcher's Tank Chat on the vehicle

{{About
| about = British light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Marmon-Herrington Armoured Car (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_sarc_mk4_a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "La Royale"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The SARC MkIVa has poor survivability, with the 12 mm rounds able to penetrate the sides and 20 mm rounds the front. The crew is very tightly packed, meaning that any shot that hits one crew member it likely to knock out at least two. The SARC being open-topped leaves it highly vulnerable to even low calibre HE and aircraft bullets.

The SARC MkIVa's manoeuvrability and good reverse gear should be used to avoid getting hit and ambush the enemy. Vehicles with 20 mm autocannons and enemy SPAAs are very dangerous for the SARC, as they can easily shred its armour.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The MkIVa does not accelerate quickly. In a city fight or in a sniping match, this is a liability.

This is offset by its very high top speed of 80 km/h. This grants it unmatched speed on flat terrain. Combined with its smaller size, this gives the MkIVa the opportunity to sneak into a hidden location and get flanking shots on unsuspecting enemies.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=147|rbMinHp=84}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The MKIVa depends on mobility. Due to the relatively low chance that the crew will survive getting shot, crew replacement is not an immediate priority. Instead, focus first on spare parts and FPE, then better ammunition, then mobility improvements. The strength of the MKIVa is its speed, so upgrades that facilitate that are important. Ignore brakes for last: you shouldn't need to stop better, you need to get to a hiding spot faster.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|QF 2-pounder (40 mm)}}

The QF 2-Pounder is a solid weapon for its tier. It can frontally penetrate most vehicles at its BR, but excels in flanking shots. The stock Shot MK. 1 AP shell has poor performance, so take effort to phase this out in favour of the better performing Shot MK IX APCBC.

The slow rotation speed of the turret means that the gun should ideally used in an ambush role on the sides of enemy tanks. The relatively high fire rate also allows for consistent fires on enemy targets.

Be advised that the QF 2-pounder loses accuracy over 500 meters, so it is ill advised to use the gun for this purpose: leave the sniping for the tank destroyers and concentrate on ambushing.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[QF 2-pounder (40 mm)|40 mm QF 2-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 37 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || 15.6 || 21.6 || 26.2 || 29.0 || 30.9 || rowspan="2" | 3.64 || rowspan="2" | 3.22 || rowspan="2" | 2.97 || rowspan="2" | 2.80
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 9.8 || 11.5 || 13.9 || 15.4 || 16.4
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:QF 2-pounder (40 mm)/Ammunition|Shot Mk.1 AP/T, Shot Mk.IXB APCBC/T, Shot Mk.1 APHV/T, Shell Mk.1 AP/T}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:SARC Mk IV ammo layout.png|thumb|Ammo layout of the SARC Mk IV]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''37''' || 33 ''(+4)'' || 28 ''(+9)'' || 1 ''(+36)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

The M1919A4 is a good machine gun, though it is only useful for knocking out lightly-armoured vehicles like trucks or the occasional half-tracks. The high ammo count per belt means that sustained fire can be used to check bushes and smoke for obscured targets.

In an emergency, it can be used as an anti-aircraft weapon, but the poor damage output and turret rotation speed makes this option less advisable.

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very small profile; difficult to hit at range
* Small ammo rack size
* High straight-line top speed on paved surfaces
* Quick reload speed
* Fast acceleration; top speed can be reached fairly quickly

'''Cons:'''

* Can be easily penetrated by rifle-calibre rounds
* Low survivability with only three crew members
* Off-road mobility is lacklustre
* Difficult to control at high speeds
* Slow turret rotation and gun elevation
* Below-average gun depression

== History ==
The South African Reconnaissance Car (SARC), known in British service as the Marmon-Herrington<ref>https://youtu.be/MQmaXWPouno?si=LlsMop_td9gTYYDD</ref>, had a remarkably diverse pedigree, as it combined components made in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, put together in South Africa. The service record of its variants was similarly far-flung, despite its relatively small production numbers, as it saw service in WW2, Cyprus, across Africa, and even (from captured Japanese stock) Indonesia.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmon-Herrington_Armoured_Car</ref>

This variant, the Mark IV, fitted a 40 mm 2-pdr. gun in an artillery mounting, not the usual tank-style mantlet. It arrived rather late in WW2, but saw action post-war in Cyprus and with the Arab League. Earlier versions fought with the 1st King’s Dragoon Guards at the Siege of Tobruk in 1941.<ref name=":0" />

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_sarc_mk4_a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
David Fletcher, Tank Chat #129, The Tank Museum https://youtu.be/MQmaXWPouno?si=LlsMop_td9gTYYDD

{{Britain light tanks}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]
<references />

SARC MkIVa

2023-08-26T22:08:30Z

U120610831: /* History */ Added some history

{{About
| about = British light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Marmon-Herrington Armoured Car (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_sarc_mk4_a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "La Royale"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The SARC MkIVa has poor survivability, with the 12 mm rounds able to penetrate the sides and 20 mm rounds the front. The crew is very tightly packed, meaning that any shot that hits one crew member it likely to knock out at least two. The SARC being open-topped leaves it highly vulnerable to even low calibre HE and aircraft bullets.

The SARC MkIVa's manoeuvrability and good reverse gear should be used to avoid getting hit and ambush the enemy. Vehicles with 20 mm autocannons and enemy SPAAs are very dangerous for the SARC, as they can easily shred its armour.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The MkIVa does not accelerate quickly. In a city fight or in a sniping match, this is a liability.

This is offset by its very high top speed of 80 km/h. This grants it unmatched speed on flat terrain. Combined with its smaller size, this gives the MkIVa the opportunity to sneak into a hidden location and get flanking shots on unsuspecting enemies.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=147|rbMinHp=84}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The MKIVa depends on mobility. Due to the relatively low chance that the crew will survive getting shot, crew replacement is not an immediate priority. Instead, focus first on spare parts and FPE, then better ammunition, then mobility improvements. The strength of the MKIVa is its speed, so upgrades that facilitate that are important. Ignore brakes for last: you shouldn't need to stop better, you need to get to a hiding spot faster.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|QF 2-pounder (40 mm)}}

The QF 2-Pounder is a solid weapon for its tier. It can frontally penetrate most vehicles at its BR, but excels in flanking shots. The stock Shot MK. 1 AP shell has poor performance, so take effort to phase this out in favour of the better performing Shot MK IX APCBC.

The slow rotation speed of the turret means that the gun should ideally used in an ambush role on the sides of enemy tanks. The relatively high fire rate also allows for consistent fires on enemy targets.

Be advised that the QF 2-pounder loses accuracy over 500 meters, so it is ill advised to use the gun for this purpose: leave the sniping for the tank destroyers and concentrate on ambushing.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[QF 2-pounder (40 mm)|40 mm QF 2-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 37 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || 15.6 || 21.6 || 26.2 || 29.0 || 30.9 || rowspan="2" | 3.64 || rowspan="2" | 3.22 || rowspan="2" | 2.97 || rowspan="2" | 2.80
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 9.8 || 11.5 || 13.9 || 15.4 || 16.4
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:QF 2-pounder (40 mm)/Ammunition|Shot Mk.1 AP/T, Shot Mk.IXB APCBC/T, Shot Mk.1 APHV/T, Shell Mk.1 AP/T}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:SARC Mk IV ammo layout.png|thumb|Ammo layout of the SARC Mk IV]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''37''' || 33 ''(+4)'' || 28 ''(+9)'' || 1 ''(+36)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

The M1919A4 is a good machine gun, though it is only useful for knocking out lightly-armoured vehicles like trucks or the occasional half-tracks. The high ammo count per belt means that sustained fire can be used to check bushes and smoke for obscured targets.

In an emergency, it can be used as an anti-aircraft weapon, but the poor damage output and turret rotation speed makes this option less advisable.

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very small profile; difficult to hit at range
* Small ammo rack size
* High straight-line top speed on paved surfaces
* Quick reload speed
* Fast acceleration; top speed can be reached fairly quickly

'''Cons:'''

* Can be easily penetrated by rifle-calibre rounds
* Low survivability with only three crew members
* Off-road mobility is lacklustre
* Difficult to control at high speeds
* Slow turret rotation and gun elevation
* Below-average gun depression

== History ==
The South African Reconnaissance Car (SARC), known in British service as the Marmon-Herrington<ref>https://youtu.be/MQmaXWPouno?si=LlsMop_td9gTYYDD</ref>, had a remarkably diverse pedigree, as it combined components made in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, put together in South Africa. The service record of its variants was similarly far-flung, despite its relatively small production numbers, as it saw service in WW2, Cyprus, across Africa, and even (from captured Japanese stock) Indonesia.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmon-Herrington_Armoured_Car</ref>

This variant, the Mark IV, fitted a 40 mm 2-pdr. gun in an artillery mounting, not the usual tank-style mantlet. It arrived rather late in WW2, but saw action post-war in Cyprus and with the Arab League. Earlier versions fought with the 1st King’s Dragoon Guards at the Siege of Tobruk in 1941.<ref name=":0" />

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_sarc_mk4_a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
https://youtu.be/MQmaXWPouno?si=LlsMop_td9gTYYDD

{{Britain light tanks}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

SARC MkIVa

2023-08-26T20:34:04Z

U120610831: /* Ammo racks */ Added image for ammo rack layout

{{About
| about = British light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Marmon-Herrington Armoured Car (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_sarc_mk4_a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "La Royale"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The SARC MkIVa has poor survivability, with the 12 mm rounds able to penetrate the sides and 20 mm rounds the front. The crew is very tightly packed, meaning that any shot that hits one crew member it likely to knock out at least two. The SARC being open-topped leaves it highly vulnerable to even low calibre HE and aircraft bullets.

The SARC MkIVa's manoeuvrability and good reverse gear should be used to avoid getting hit and ambush the enemy. Vehicles with 20 mm autocannons and enemy SPAAs are very dangerous for the SARC, as they can easily shred its armour.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The MkIVa does not accelerate quickly. In a city fight or in a sniping match, this is a liability.

This is offset by its very high top speed of 80 km/h. This grants it unmatched speed on flat terrain. Combined with its smaller size, this gives the MkIVa the opportunity to sneak into a hidden location and get flanking shots on unsuspecting enemies.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=147|rbMinHp=84}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The MKIVa depends on mobility. Due to the relatively low chance that the crew will survive getting shot, crew replacement is not an immediate priority. Instead, focus first on spare parts and FPE, then better ammunition, then mobility improvements. The strength of the MKIVa is its speed, so upgrades that facilitate that are important. Ignore brakes for last: you shouldn't need to stop better, you need to get to a hiding spot faster.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|QF 2-pounder (40 mm)}}

The QF 2-Pounder is a solid weapon for its tier. It can frontally penetrate most vehicles at its BR, but excels in flanking shots. The stock Shot MK. 1 AP shell has poor performance, so take effort to phase this out in favour of the better performing Shot MK IX APCBC.

The slow rotation speed of the turret means that the gun should ideally used in an ambush role on the sides of enemy tanks. The relatively high fire rate also allows for consistent fires on enemy targets.

Be advised that the QF 2-pounder loses accuracy over 500 meters, so it is ill advised to use the gun for this purpose: leave the sniping for the tank destroyers and concentrate on ambushing.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[QF 2-pounder (40 mm)|40 mm QF 2-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 37 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || 15.6 || 21.6 || 26.2 || 29.0 || 30.9 || rowspan="2" | 3.64 || rowspan="2" | 3.22 || rowspan="2" | 2.97 || rowspan="2" | 2.80
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 9.8 || 11.5 || 13.9 || 15.4 || 16.4
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:QF 2-pounder (40 mm)/Ammunition|Shot Mk.1 AP/T, Shot Mk.IXB APCBC/T, Shot Mk.1 APHV/T, Shell Mk.1 AP/T}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:SARC Mk IV ammo layout.png|thumb|Ammo layout of the SARC Mk IV]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''37''' || 33 ''(+4)'' || 28 ''(+9)'' || 1 ''(+36)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

The M1919A4 is a good machine gun, though it is only useful for knocking out lightly-armoured vehicles like trucks or the occasional half-tracks. The high ammo count per belt means that sustained fire can be used to check bushes and smoke for obscured targets.

In an emergency, it can be used as an anti-aircraft weapon, but the poor damage output and turret rotation speed makes this option less advisable.

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very small profile; difficult to hit at range
* Small ammo rack size
* High straight-line top speed on paved surfaces
* Quick reload speed
* Fast acceleration; top speed can be reached fairly quickly

'''Cons:'''

* Can be easily penetrated by rifle-calibre rounds
* Low survivability with only three crew members
* Off-road mobility is lacklustre
* Difficult to control at high speeds
* Slow turret rotation and gun elevation
* Below-average gun depression

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_sarc_mk4_a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain light tanks}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

File:Ammoracks SARC MkIVa.png

2023-08-26T20:32:41Z

U120610831:

Ammo layout of the SARC Mk IV

Na-To

2023-08-12T18:59:31Z

U120610831: /* Description */ fixed idiom: "wreak havoc"

{{Specs-Card
|code=jp_type_5_na_to
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' ({{Annotation|試製七糎半対戦車自走砲「ナト」|Shisei-Nana-Senchimētoru Hantai-Sensha Jisōhō [Na-To]}}) was a tank destroyer and testbed for the [[Type_5_(Disambiguation)#Type_5_.2875_mm.29|Type 5 75 mm Cannon]] on the hull of the Type 4 Chi-So armoured tracked carrier. Although the IJA ordered them into production, barely any were completed before the end of the war.

The Type 5 Na-To was introduced along with the initial Japanese Ground Forces tree in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]]. It is a rather traditional tank destroyer of a simple vehicle chassis with a gun pasted on top. It is highly vulnerable to many battlefield weapons due to its weak overall armour, but if it can get the jump on an enemy, it can wreak havoc. Thus, one should not play the Na-To as a front-line weapon but as a sniper far back behind the front lines. This will ensure the Na-To will not become a priority target and also to maximize the gun's long-range capacity to take out targets. Watch frequently traveled roads and choke points for enemy, then blast them away before retreating to reload in case they are still active after the first shot.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mount)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 12 mm (25°) ''Front'' 12 mm (52°) ''Bottom'' 8 mm (83°) ''Engine deck'' 12 mm (6°) ''Driver's plate'' || 12 mm || 4 mm (1°) ''Top'' 8.5 mm (46°) ''Bottom'' || 8 mm
|-
| Gun mount || 12 mm (21°) ''Gun mount'' 30 mm (6-73°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 12 mm (26°) || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are both 15 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 8.5 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=234|rbMinHp=146}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Lightweight Type I Model II (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Lightweight Type I Model II (75 mm)|75 mm Lightweight Type I Model II]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 40 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+19° || rowspan="2" | ±20° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 5.28 || 7.31 || 8.88 || 9.82 || 10.45 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.79 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 3.57 || 4.20 || 5.10 || 5.64 || 6.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Lightweight Type I Model II (75 mm)/Ammunition|Type 1 APHE, Type 4 APCR, Type 90 HE}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x200px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || 21 ''(+19)'' || 1 ''(+39)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Note''':

* Left side empty: 21 ''(+19)'' shells.

== Usage in battles ==

With the [[Lightweight Type I Model II (75 mm)|Lightweight Type I Model II tank gun]], the Na-To presents a lethal gun that can penetrate all the the tanks at its 3.3 BR range. Assuming it is not upped by another vehicle in the line-up with a higher BR, the worst heavy tank the Na-To could face are the Soviet [[KV-1S]] and British [[Churchill Mk III]], both with front armour easily penetrable by the Na-To's 75 mm gun at standard ranges without taking angling into consideration. However, the thin armour of the Na-To does mean that any tank it faces could defeat the Na-To, so always get the first shot off at the enemy.

Playing the Na-To as a sniper support from a long distance from the front-line will provide the Na-To increased survivability and also potentially more targets to aim at than with its limited traverse arc up close. If long range is not possible, keep the Na-To stationed at a cover's corner watching an enemy's frequented area. As soon as one shows up, blast away before retreating to cover.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High penetrating 75 mm cannon can pretty much destroy any vehicle in its BR range.
* Gun can traverse a rather wide angle to the side.
* Six-man crew can provide some degree of crew loss before a crew knockout occurs.
* Rear ammo racks can lessen the chance of front penetrations detonating it.
* Excellent reloading speed for a gun of such high penetration and damage.
* The armour is sometimes too thin for APHE fuses to go off, causing little to no damage inside the vehicle.

'''Cons:'''

* Large vehicle, large target.
* Paper-thin armour of overall 12 mm.
* Front engine an easy target that will immobilize vehicle if hit.
* Open-top crew compartment exposes crew to artillery and airstrikes.
* All the crew are rather lined up, leading to shells able to knock out 2-4 crew members at a time.
* Two prominent ammo racks on the rear sides of the cabin, easy targets to ammo-rack kill.

== History ==

The Type 5 Na-to was a tank destroyer based on the Type 4 Chi-So armored medium tracked carrier developed in 1945. It used a 75 mm tank gun, known as the Type I 75 mm. This was a lighter version of the Type II 75 mm tank gun used by the Chi-To and Chi-Ri.

The Na-To had two prototypes, known simply as the Na-To I and Na-To II. The Na-To I used a variant of the Type I 75 mm gun known as the "Type 1 75 mm Model I". The Na-To II used the Type I 75 mm Model II.

Following trials, the Na-To II was selected over the Na-To I to be mass-produced. An order was placed for 200 vehicles to be made, but by the end of the war only 70 of them were started, with none reaching completion.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=jp_type_5_na_to Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Type_5_Na-To|[Wikipedia] Type 5 Na-To]]

{{Template:TankManufacturer Mitsubishi}}
{{Japan tank destroyers}}

Crew skills

2023-08-07T21:14:43Z

U120610831: Updated info on repair ranks for higher vehicle ranks

<center>[[File:Crew skills.jpg|class=dynamic_image]]</center>

'''Crew Skills''' are a way to improve crew performance and effectiveness, being for pilots, gunners, drivers, tank gunners, ship captains, radiomen, airfield/hangar/port mechanics, and more.

==Basics==
Crew skills are War Thunder's way of simulating the experience and skill gained by air, ground, and naval crews through combat missions, allowing them to perform/endure tasks more efficiently and effectively as they increase in skill over time. These can be how quickly aircraft are repaired by ground crew on the airfield, how fast a tank's loader can fit shells into the gun breech, how accurate bombers' gunners' fire is, the amount of g-force that can be sustained by a pilot before they begin blacking out, or how efficiently a ship's crew can put out a fire.

Crew experience is gained in the form of "Crew XP Points", earned by participating in battles. The number of points accrued for crew experience depends on the research points {{rp}} obtained in a battle, as well as the game mode of the battle. In Realistic and Simulator battles, for every 100 {{rp}} the player will receive 1 crew XP point which can be distributed to the crew of the vehicle used in that battle. In Arcade battles, every 100 {{rp}} will grant the player 3 crew XP points, but this higher rate also has the crew experience spread out among multiple available crews. Another way to obtain crew XP points is by purchasing them with Golden Eagles {{ge}} via the "Accelerated Training" tab on the top right corner of the Crew Training window.

During lulls in between matches in the hangar, look at the bottom left corner of the crew slots. This has a numerical value representing the crew level. The colour of this text indicates crew XP point accumulation: a regular silver font shows a regular amount of unused crew XP points and a glowing gold font shows a large amount of unused crew XP points.

Crew XP points can be used by either clicking the "Crew Training" button on the Crew tab of the infocard on the left-side of the Hangar UI, or by selecting the desired crew and clicking the "Crew" button. Both methods will open a window where crew XP points can be spent by pressing the "+" button next to desired skills. The more points invested, the more skilled the crew is, and the more points will be needed to upgrade to the next level.

==Shared crew skills==
===Logistical services===

* '''Repair Speed''' - Affects the speed at which vehicles are repaired. Repair time can be shortened up to three times when fully researched.
** For example, the base repair time of the [[Bf 109 F-4/trop]] in AB is 7 hours and 50 minutes, while with Repair Speed it is reduced to 2 hours and 36 minutes. This skill also affects the repair time of aircraft that have landed on a friendly airfield during a battle.
* '''Repair Rank''' - Determines the maximum aircraft rank to which the "Repair Speed" skill is applied. Has a total of five stages corresponding with the number of vehicle ranks in the game.
** For instance, the [[Bf 109 F-4/trop]] requires Repair Rank 3, because the plane is situated at Rank III in the [[:Category:Germany aircraft|German Air tech tree]]. If the Repair Rank is lower than Rank 3, the repair time will remain at 7 hours and 50 minutes no matter how high the repair speed skill is. This skill is one of the few not affected by crew qualification levels. Note: With the addition of vehicle ranks beyond five, Repair Rank is no longer linear, as shown in the following table.

{| class="wikitable"
!Repair Rank
!Max Vehicle Rank
|-
|1
|1
|-
|2
|2
|-
|3
|3
|-
|4
|6
|-
|5
|8
|}
These two crew skills do not affect in-game combat, but rather allow you to repair your vehicles for free over time, if you uncheck "automatic repair" on the right of your line-up bar. This function is mostly used by players who play many nations at once and don't mind waiting in order to save some precious Silver Lions {{sl}}.

These skills are shared between crew types, which means that points in these skills will affect a crewed vehicle no matter what type of vehicle it is.

==Air vehicle crew skills ==
===General===

* '''G-Tolerance''' - Influences the tolerance of the pilot to acceleration in manoeuvres (g-forces), increasing the critical amount of "G's" that the pilot can sustain without the player's vision being darkened/reddened and losing control of the plane after a certain period of time, representing the pilot's loss of consciousness (also known as G-LOC). In "Mouse Aim" mode, this skill also affects the control accuracy of the aircraft.
* '''Stamina''' - Allows the crew to resist fatigue for a longer period of time. Accuracy and G-Tolerance gradually decrease, depending on the time spent in the session and the amount of g-forces sustained, representing fatigue and its effect on aircrew's performance. In addition, this skill has an effect on aiming accuracy in Mouse Aim mode.
* '''Vitality''' - Reduces the likelihood of the pilot receiving a mortal wound. For the beginner pilot with no points attributed to Vitality, a second .303 bullet hit (from [[MG 15 (7.92 mm)|MG 15]] or similar), or comparable shrapnel impact, is usually fatal, while a pilot with their Vitality maxed out can, with a measure of luck, survive one hit from a .50 (12.7 mm) [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|M2 Browning]] machine gun.

===Pilot===

* '''Keen Vision''' - Enhances the detection range when spotting enemies, i.e. the maximum distance at which the target indicator may appear. This ranges between 4 km (untrained) to 8 km (maxed) (3-5 km in RB/SB). Detection is only made if the enemy is in a cone in the direction of view of the player. Maximum detection distance is also dependent on the size of the target, lighting conditions, cloud cover, weather, and other factors.
* '''Awareness''' - Enhances the detection range of enemy targets between 400 m (untrained) to 800 m (maxed) (300-500 m in RB/SB). Detection is carried out in a sphere (all directions) around the aircraft, regardless of the direction that the player is observing.

=== Defensive armament ===

* '''Number of Experienced Gunners''' - All skills with gunners are reduced proportionally to the difference between the amount of gunners on the selected aircraft and the number of experienced gunners in the crew. For example, an [[He 111 H-6]] bomber has 5 gunner positions. If there is only two experienced gunners in the crew, the gunner's average skill will be reduced by 60%, with four - 20%. With all five experienced positions filled, their skills will be fully effective.
* '''Fire Accuracy''' - This skill only applies when the gunner is controlled by AI (when the player is not manually controlling them). Increases the traverse speed of a turret, the maximum burst length by up to 3 times, the distance at which gunners can start firing at a target by up to 275% (55% in RB/SB), the distance at which the targets direction can be anticipated, the chance of simultaneous fire and "leading" the target, and reduces miscalculation in "leading" the target (decreased by 7 times for RB/SB when maxed out).
* '''Fire Precision''' - This skill only applies when the gunner is controlled by AI (when the player is not manually controlling them). Reduces the scatter of the gun by 2.5 times (2 times in RB/SB), increases the burst length by up to a third, increases the distance at which the gunners open fire in arcade battles by a marginal amount (up to 8%), and increases the chance of simultaneous fire and "leading" the target just like fire accuracy\.

=== Logistical services ===

* '''Reload Speed''' - Increases the rate at which the weapons are reloaded in the air and on the airfield. Reduces the rearming time by three times for cannons & machine guns, two times for bombs, rockets and torpedoes, and four times for turrets when fully researched. For example, fully leveling up a [[La-5FN]] crew's Reload Speed skill will cause the rearmament time of cannons to go down from 40 seconds to 13.3; bombs will be reloaded in 20 seconds instead of 40.
* '''Weapon Maintenance''' - Increases the efficiency of vehicle's weaponry. Reduces the overheating speed of primary weapons, as well as spread of bombs and rockets for aircraft, reduces the chance of weapon jamming due to overheating by up to 3 times and reduces the angular velocity of bombs, rockets and torpedoes by up to 3 times, thereby significantly improving their accuracy.

==Ground vehicle crew skills ==
===General===

* '''Keen Vision''' - Determines at what distance the player can see an enemy ground vehicle, as well as the ability to see ones that are behind cover. The game server only sends information of a vehicle that's concealed to the client when the player is at a minimal distance from the enemy. This distance is around 563 m if the player is looking directly at them, with a non-maxed out crew. The distance of direct vision spotting is tripled when the player uses binoculars or fire control view, but vision becomes narrower. Players can also use the third person camera to spot enemies within 235 m of the hull's front and 97m around the vehicle. Leveling up keen vision to the maximum level on all of the crew members adds bonus vision up to 63% from the base. The crew can be "Aced" for another 63% to get a total of 222% vision effectiveness.
** Vehicles with [[Scouting]] have access to the modification "Improved Optics", that multiplies the skill's base power by 30%, helping them to scout and notice danger earlier than anyone else (at best, 1621 m without binoculars).
**In Arcade mode it also affects the distance at which a player can see markers on the enemy (through non-solid obstacles), affects how much it tells you about enemy (if enemy is too far it simply says class of enemy's vehicle without displaying the full vehicle name), and affects how much of an enemy vehicle must be exposed to notice and mark them. When maxed out, this skill even allows the player to see enemies through solid walls, although at very close range, and only when looking directly at them. Note that in Arcade "absolute detection" doesn't mark everything in a 360 degree radius around the player. Only line-of-sight and line-of-movement spots work, so it is recommended for players to keep turning the camera around when driving in towns and mountains.
* '''Field repair''' - Increases the basic rate at which damaged parts are repaired (by up to 50%). It most strongly affects track repair. The average level of this skill of all crew members is taken into account when calculating the total multiplier.
* '''Agility''' - Determines the speed with which a crew member can replace another fallen one. The average value of agility in the crew is what counts - spending all of the points on one disposable crew member won't benefit the player any more than distributing the points across all of them would.
* '''Vitality''' - Reduces the likelihood of a crew member receiving a mortal wound.

===Driver===

* '''Tank Driving''' - Affects the rate at which the driver automatically switches gears and applies the brake, thus improving the acceleration and responsiveness when turning. The default gear switching time of drivers is 1 second, the skill itself can reduce pause by 0.36 sec, and together with other factors it can be reduced to 0.1 sec. Braking time reaction is 0.14 sec, reduced by skill to 0.11 sec, and together with other factors it can go down to 0.07 sec.

===Gunner===

* '''Targeting''' - Influences the speed and precision of the gun's traverse and elevation. An experienced gunner aims horizontally and vertically at the same time. An inexperienced gunner does this one axis at a time. An experienced gunner can also improve turret traverse speed. In the case of ATGM carriers, the skill may affect the responsiveness of missiles to control inputs.
* '''Rangefinding''' - Affects how accurate and precise the gunner's estimate of distance is upon using the "Rangefinder" function.

===Tank Commander===

* '''Leadership''' - Improves all crew member's skills by up to 10%. This skill isn't affected by the qualification level of crew with the vehicle in question, and is one of the most expensive to train.

[[File:CrewSkills Tank reloading 0skill.jpg|right|thumb|Demonstrating the way the "reloading" skill affects the selected crew - with skill level 0]]
===Loader===

* '''Weapon Reloading''' - Decrease the time required for loading the weapon by up to 23%. Full skill level shortens reloading time by roughly 11% on it's own. This skill has no effect on [[:Category:Ground vehicles with autoloader|Ground vehicles with autoloader systems]] as an autoloader relies on a set mechanical action over manual personnel work in lifting and loading rounds.

[[File:CrewSkills Tank reloading upgradedskill.jpg|thumb|right|Demonstrating the way the "reloading" skill affects the selected crew - with upgraded skill]]

===Radio Operator Gunner===

* '''Artillery Strike Calling Time''' - Decreases the time between calling an artillery strike and the shells being fired (from a base level of 13 seconds to a minimum of 10 seconds).
* '''Artillery Targeting Accuracy''' - Increases the targeting accuracy of artillery by reducing the shells' scattering (from a base level of 57 m to a minimum of 45 m).
* '''Radio Communication''' - In Arcade mode, it highlights all enemies around the player on the minimap, if any allied vehicle sees them (including aircraft), with default range of 500 m, which is very helpful during and against flank attacks. In Realistic mode, it increases the range at which the enemy players detected by the allied team are displayed (through red arrows pointing downward on the borders of the screen). Either effect can be increased up to 1,000 m.

==Naval vehicle crew skills ==
===Ship commander===

* '''Leadership''' - Improves all crew member's skills by up to 5%. This skill isn't affected by the qualification level of a crew with the vehicle in question, and is one of the most expensive to train.
* '''Crew interchangeability''' - Lowers the required number of crew for your vessel to remain seaworthy.
* '''Radio Communication''' - In Arcade mode, it highlights all enemies around the player on the minimap. This happens if any allied vehicle sees them (including aircraft), with a default range of 250 m. This is very helpful during and against flank attacks. In Realistic mode, it increases the range at which the enemy players detected by the allied team are displayed (through red arrows pointing downward on the borders of the screen). Either effect can be increased up to 500 m.

===Observers===

* '''Air targets detection distance''' - Increases the distance at which aircraft will be outlined by a marker.
* '''Surface targets detection distance''' - Increases the distance at which ground and naval vehicles will be outlined by a marker. This skill also increases the distance at which the full vehicle name is displayed (otherwise, simply the class of the vehicle is displayed instead).
* '''Enemy torpedoes detection distance''' - Increases the distance at which torpedoes and their trails are marked.

===Engine room===

* '''Ship control''' - Reduces the time between sending a command for engine speed mode or rudder turn and applying the change.
* '''Fire prevention''' - Reduces the chances of a fire in the engine room, engine compartment, or transmission house.

===Gunners===

* '''Main caliber reload speed''' - Reduces the reload time of the main guns.
* '''Auxiliary caliber reload speed''' - Reduces the reload time of the auxiliary guns.
* '''AAA caliber reload speed''' - Reduces the reload time of the AAA guns.
* '''AAA gunner accuracy''' - Improves the accuracy of the AI gunners when firing the AAA guns. This skill has no effect when the AAA guns are being manually aimed.
* '''Auxiliary gunner accuracy''' - Improves the accuracy of the AI gunners when firing the auxiliary guns. This skill has no effect when the auxiliary guns are being manually aimed.
* '''Distance fuse set accuracy''' - Improves the accuracy of the distance fuse when using an airburst-capable shell.

===Damage control===

* '''Unwatering time''' - Reduces the time required to remove water from the vessel.
* '''Fire extinguishing''' - Reduces the time taken to extinguish a fire, reducing the damage received from a fire.
* '''Breach repair''' - Reduces the time required to repair the hull of the vessel.
* '''Survival leadership''' - Reduces the penalty gained for attempting to unwater, extinguish fires, and repair the vehicle simultaneously.

== Qualification Levels ==
Players can level up their crews' skills through two ways - spending the aforementioned crew XP points and investing in '''crew qualification''' through Silver Lions {{sl}}.

Unlike skills, qualification levels (beyond '''"Basic"''' - the training achieved by spending crew points) are acquired only for a specific vehicle. Qualification is an exceptional skill for a crew in control of this particular vehicle. To learn it, a certain crew level needs to be achieved. Crew level is the sum of the levels of all skills learned by the crew. For example, a level 5 crew will not be able to be Qualified for an [[M6A1]], which is Rank III, and will have to be leveled up higher to have this option available.

===Air vehicles===
Spending crew points in aircraft crews accounts for 50% of the attainable skill levels. There are three levels of qualification altogether before one can reach the full 100% of the crew: "Basic", "Expert" and "Ace".

[[File:CrewSkills Aircraft training.png|thumb|none|x500px|Diagram of the distribution of skill levels through the levels of qualification in Air crews.]]

The first level of qualification, "Expert," increases all skills by 3 levels, meaning a full 30% increase in efficiency. The second level afterwards, "Ace," increases these skills by another 2 levels, adding up to a total 50% increase with a jump of 5 levels.

In order to use these skills at their maximum level, a pilot needs to research them up to level 5 and obtain two qualifications to reach up to level 10. For instance, a pilot who leveled the "Keen Vision" skill up to 5 will detect targets approximately 6 km away; after getting the "Expert" qualification he will then see enemy targets at 7.2 km; finally, reaching "Ace" qualification will increase this detection distance to the maximum of 8 km.

===Ground and Naval vehicles===
In the case of ground crews, "Current skill level" accounts for 40% of the required qualification to reach the maximum skill level, the "Top" level. The remaining 60% are delegated to the two qualification levels - "Expert", and "Ace", as well as the bonus provided by the Tank/Ship Commander's "Leadership" skill.

[[File:CrewSkills Tank training.png|thumb|none|x500px|Diagram of the distribution of skill levels through the levels of qualification in Ground and Naval crews]]

==Crew points to level==
The following charts should be used to gauge the amount of crew XP points needed to level up a skill. Every skill with the exception of the "Repair Rank" skill is increased by increments of 0.5 levels.

The maximum achievable crew level for aviation crews is '''75'''. For tank crews, the maximum is '''150'''. For naval crews, the maximum is '''100'''.

Highlighted skills - the unique skills of a specific crew member

===Air crew===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width="80%"
! width="165px" | Skill !! colspan="2" | 1 !! colspan="2" | 2 !! colspan="2" | 3 !! colspan="2" | 4 !! colspan="2" | 5 !! Total
|-
! colspan="12" | Pilot
|-
| style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | Keen Vision || 15 || 50 || 90 || 145 || 195 || 270 || 340 || 415 || 500 || 600 || style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | 2,620
|-
| style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | Awareness || 15 || 50 || 90 || 145 || 195 || 270 || 340 || 415 || 500 || 600 || style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | 2,620
|-
| G-Tolerance || 22 || 64 || 110 || 160 || 215 || 275 || 330 || 395 || 470 || 530 || 2,571
|-
| Stamina || 22 || 64 || 110 || 160 || 215 || 275 || 330 || 395 || 470 || 530 || 2,571
|-
| Vitality || 27 || 80 || 150 || 225 || 320 || 415 || 520 || 640 || 760 || 890 || 4,027
|-
! colspan="12" | Defensive armament
|-
| style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | Number of Experienced Gunners || 0 || 170 || 230 || 300 || 360 || 430 || 490 || 560 || 630 || 690 || style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | 3,860
|-
| style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | Fire Accuracy || 12 || 29 || 55 || 80 || 110 || 135 || 165 || 195 || 235 || 265 || style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | 1,281
|-
| style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | Fire Precision || 12 || 29 || 55 || 80 || 110 || 135 || 165 || 195 || 235 || 265 || style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | 1,281
|-
| G-Tolerance || 17 || 40 || 60 || 100 || 110 || 150 || 160 || 200 || 215 || 250 || 1,302
|-
| Stamina || 17 || 40 || 60 || 100 || 110 || 150 || 160 || 200 || 215 || 250 || 1,302
|-
| Vitality || 17 || 40 || 60 || 100 || 110 || 150 || 160 || 200 || 215 || 250 || 1,302
|-
! colspan="12" | Logistical services
|-
| Repair Speed || 12 || 35 || 55 || 80 || 110 || 140 || 170 || 205 || 240 || 275 || 1,322
|-
| Repair Rank || colspan="2" | 0 || colspan="2" | 120 || colspan="2" | 240 || colspan="2" | 390 || colspan="2" | 590 || 1,340
|-
| style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | Reload Speed || 16 || 60 || 120 || 190 || 285 || 385 || 505 || 640 || 780 || 930 || style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | 3,911
|-
| style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | Weapon Maintenance || 22 || 64 || 110 || 160 || 215 || 275 || 330 || 395 || 470 || 530 || style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | 2,571
|-
| colspan="10" | || '''Total''' || '''33,881'''
|}

=== Ground crew ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width="80%"
! width="165px" | Skill !! colspan="2" | 1 !! colspan="2" | 2 !! colspan="2" | 3 !! colspan="2" | 4 !! colspan="2" | 5 !! Total
|-
! colspan="12" | Driver
|-
| Keen Vision || 20 || 47 || 100 || 135 || 175 || 215 || 260 || 310 || 360 || 410 || 2,032
|-
| Field Repair || 15 || 50 || 100 || 155 || 230 || 310 || 395 || 495 || 600 || 710 || 3,060
|-
| Agility || 15 || 50 || 100 || 155 || 230 || 310 || 395 || 495 || 600 || 710 || 3,060
|-
| Vitality || 23 || 70 || 125 || 185 || 255 || 325 || 400 || 480 || 570 || 660 || 3,093
|-
| style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | Tank Driving || 11 || 24 || 50 || 70 || 85 || 110 || 130 || 155 || 180 || 205 || style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | 1,020
|-
! colspan="12" | Gunner
|-
| Keen Vision || 20 || 47 || 100 || 135 || 175 || 215 || 260 || 310 || 360 || 410 || 2,032
|-
| Field Repair || 15 || 50 || 100 || 155 || 230 || 310 || 395 || 495 || 600 || 710 || 3,060
|-
| Agility || 15 || 50 || 100 || 155 || 230 || 310 || 395 || 495 || 600 || 710 || 3,060
|-
| Vitality || 23 || 70 || 125 || 185 || 255 || 325 || 400 || 480 || 570 || 660 || 3,093
|-
| style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | Targeting || 11 || 24 || 50 || 70 || 85 || 110 || 130 || 155 || 180 || 205 || style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | 1,020
|-
| style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | Rangefinding || 11 || 24 || 50 || 70 || 85 || 110 || 130 || 155 || 180 || 205 || style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | 1,020
|-
! colspan="12" | Tank Commander
|-
| Keen Vision || 20 || 47 || 100 || 135 || 175 || 215 || 260 || 310 || 360 || 410 || 2,032
|-
| Field Repair || 15 || 50 || 100 || 155 || 230 || 310 || 395 || 495 || 600 || 710 || 3,060
|-
| Agility || 15 || 50 || 100 || 155 || 230 || 310 || 395 || 495 || 600 || 710 || 3,060
|-
| Vitality || 23 || 70 || 125 || 185 || 255 || 325 || 400 || 480 || 570 || 660 || 3,093
|-
| style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | Leadership || 16 || 60 || 120 || 200 || 290 || 400 || 515 || 650 || 800 || 970 || style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | 4,021
|-
! colspan="12" | Tank Loader
|-
| Keen Vision || 20 || 47 || 100 || 135 || 175 || 215 || 260 || 310 || 360 || 410 || 2,032
|-
| Field Repair || 15 || 50 || 100 || 155 || 230 || 310 || 395 || 495 || 600 || 710 || 3,060
|-
| Agility || 15 || 50 || 100 || 155 || 230 || 310 || 395 || 495 || 600 || 710 || 3,060
|-
| Vitality || 23 || 70 || 125 || 185 || 255 || 325 || 400 || 480 || 570 || 660 || 3,093
|-
| style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | Weapon Reloading || 15 || 50 || 100 || 155 || 230 || 310 || 395 || 495 || 600 || 710 || style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | 3,060
|-
! colspan="12" | Radio Operator Gunner
|-
| Keen Vision || 20 || 47 || 100 || 135 || 175 || 215 || 260 || 310 || 360 || 410 || 2,032
|-
| Field Repair || 15 || 50 || 100 || 155 || 230 || 310 || 395 || 495 || 600 || 710 || 3,060
|-
| Agility || 15 || 50 || 100 || 155 || 230 || 310 || 395 || 495 || 600 || 710 || 3,060
|-
| Vitality || 23 || 70 || 125 || 185 || 255 || 325 || 400 || 480 || 570 || 660 || 3,093
|-
| style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | Artillery Targeting Accuracy || 8 || 18 || 25 || 45 || 50 || 55 || 75 || 75 || 90 || 100 || style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | 541
|-
| style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | Artillery Strike Calling Time || 8 || 18 || 25 || 45 || 50 || 55 || 75 || 75 || 90 || 100 || style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | 541
|-
| style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | Radio Communication || 11 || 24 || 50 || 70 || 85 || 110 || 130 || 155 || 180 || 205 || style="background-color:#DBE0E2;" | 1,020
|-
! colspan="12" | Logistical services
|-
| Repair Speed || 12 || 35 || 55 || 80 || 110 || 140 || 170 || 205 || 240 || 275 || 1,322
|-
| Repair Rank || colspan="2" | 0 || colspan="2" | 120 || colspan="2" | 240 || colspan="2" | 390 || colspan="2" | 590 || 1,340
|-
| colspan="10" | || '''Total''' || '''71,130'''
|}

=== Naval crew ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width="80%"
! width="165px" | Skill !! colspan="2" | 1 !! colspan="2" | 2 !! colspan="2" | 3 !! colspan="2" | 4 !! colspan="2" | 5 !! Total
|-
! colspan="12" | Ship commander
|-
| Leadership || 16 || 60 || 120 || 200 || 290 || 400 || 515 || 650 || 800 || 970 || 4,021
|-
| Crew interchangeability || 15 || 50 || 100 || 155 || 230 || 310 || 395 || 495 || 600 || 710 || 3,060
|-
| Radio Communication || 12 || 29 || 55 || 80 || 110 || 135 || 165 || 195 || 235 || 265 || 1,281
|-
! colspan="12" | Observers
|-
| Air targets detection distance || 15 || 50 || 100 || 155 || 230 || 310 || 395 || 495 || 600 || 710 || 3,060
|-
| Surface targets detection distance || 16 || 60 || 120 || 200 || 290 || 400 || 515 || 650 || 800 || 970 || 4,021
|-
| Enemy torpedoes detection distance || 15 || 50 || 100 || 155 || 230 || 310 || 395 || 495 || 600 || 710 || 3,060
|-
! colspan="12" | Engine room
|-
| Ship control || 15 || 50 || 100 || 155 || 230 || 310 || 395 || 495 || 600 || 710 || 3,060
|-
| Fire prevention || 20 || 47 || 100 || 135 || 175 || 215 || 260 || 310 || 360 || 410 || 2,032
|-
! colspan="12" | Gunners
|-
| Main caliber reload speed || 16 || 60 || 120 || 200 || 290 || 400 || 515 || 650 || 800 || 970 || 4,021
|-
| Auxiliary caliber reload speed || 20 || 47 || 100 || 135 || 175 || 215 || 260 || 310 || 360 || 410 || 2,032
|-
| AAA caliber reload speed || 20 || 47 || 100 || 135 || 175 || 215 || 260 || 310 || 360 || 410 || 2,032
|-
| AAA gunner accuracy || 20 || 47 || 100 || 135 || 175 || 215 || 260 || 310 || 360 || 410 || 2,032
|-
| Auxiliary gunner accuracy || 20 || 47 || 100 || 135 || 175 || 215 || 260 || 310 || 360 || 410 || 2,032
|-
| Distance fuse set accuracy || 11 || 24 || 50 || 70 || 85 || 110 || 130 || 155 || 180 || 205 || 1,020
|-
! colspan="12" | Damage control
|-
| Unwatering time || 20 || 47 || 100 || 135 || 175 || 215 || 260 || 310 || 360 || 410 || 2,032
|-
| Fire extinguishing || 15 || 50 || 100 || 155 || 230 || 310 || 395 || 495 || 600 || 710 || 3,060
|-
| Breach repair || 16 || 60 || 120 || 200 || 290 || 400 || 515 || 650 || 800 || 970 || 4,021
|-
| Survive leadership || 20 || 47 || 100 || 135 || 175 || 215 || 260 || 310 || 360 || 410 || 2,032
|-
! colspan="12" | Logistical services
|-
| Repair Speed || 12 || 35 || 55 || 80 || 110 || 140 || 170 || 205 || 240 || 275 || 1,322
|-
| Repair Rank || colspan="2" | 0 || colspan="2" | 120 || colspan="2" | 240 || colspan="2" | 390 || colspan="2" | 590 || 1,340
|-
| colspan="10" | || '''Total''' || '''50,571'''
|}

== Tips ==

* When using a high tier premium vehicle, remember that crew training cost for premiums is maxed at 10,000 SL, so you can use them to train multiple crews easily

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|bTNLb4WT_g4|'''The Shooting Range #312''' - ''Tactics & Strategy'' section at 07:47 discusses naval crew skills.|bVoBUcq25gg|'''The Shooting Range #305''' - ''Tactics & Strategy'' section at 07:50 discusses aircraft crew skills.|d27p2Kg06MA|'''The Shooting Range #302''' - ''Tactics & Strategy'' section at 08:10 discusses tank crew skills.|6lOL6wSZVtY|'''Tank Crew Skills Guide''' - ''skDoger''|iG5yHEgCpk8|'''Plane Crew Skills Guide''' - ''skDoger''|No7JtRPaHM0|'''Naval Crew Skills Guide - Comprehensive Guide For Naval Crews''' - ''Tankenstein''}}

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/697--en|[Special] All you need to know about aircraft crews]]
* [[wt:en/devblog/current/839|[Devblog] Improved Crew Skills with Update 1.53]]

[[Category:Game mechanics]]

User:U120610831/sandbox

2023-08-05T23:16:20Z

U120610831:

[[File:MapIcon Air Berlin.jpg|center|408x408px]]
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Map Test}}__TOC__

==Overview==
[[File:MapLayout Air Berlin.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Air Berlin]]
This is a personal sandbox for me to try out some editing on air maps. I'm starting with a copy of the '''Jungle''' ground forces map, because there doesn't appear to be a template for map-related articles.

Description of the terrain goes here.

===Game Description===

===Historical Background===
Historical context goes here. The rest is still unmodified from the original.

===Notable Landmarks===

==Map configuration==
Needs to be updated for Air 
==Strategy==
''Describe what focus a team should have when spawning into the map''

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|izFpnktG5w4|'''The Shooting Range #351''' - ''Squadmates'' section at 07:25 discusses the map {{PAGENAME}}.|P-RnfEaO0ns|'''The Shooting Range #215''' - ''Map Guide'' section at 07:38 discusses the map {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;Similar maps

== External links ==


[[Category:Maps_and_missions]]
[[Category:Ground forces maps]]

User:U120610831/sandbox

2023-08-05T23:16:02Z

U120610831: Plugged in images for Air Berlin map

[[File:MapIcon Air Berlin.jpg|center|408x408px]]
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Map Test}}
{| class="catlist" align="center"
|-
!
!
! Game Modes
!
!
|-
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon GreenCheckmark.png|link=]] '''Battle''' </div>
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon GreenCheckmark.png|link=]] '''Domination''' </div>
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon GreenCheckmark.png|link=]] '''Conquest''' </div>
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon GreenCheckmark.png|link=]] '''Break''' </div>
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon RedXCross.png|link=]] '''Skirmish'''</div>
|}

__TOC__

==Overview==
[[File:MapLayout Air Berlin.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Air Berlin]]
This is a personal sandbox for me to try out some editing on air maps. I'm starting with a copy of the '''Jungle''' ground forces map, because there doesn't appear to be a template for map-related articles.

Description of the terrain goes here.

===Game Description===

===Historical Background===
Historical context goes here. The rest is still unmodified from the original.

===Notable Landmarks===

==Map configuration==
Needs to be updated for Air 
==Strategy==
''Describe what focus a team should have when spawning into the map''

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|izFpnktG5w4|'''The Shooting Range #351''' - ''Squadmates'' section at 07:25 discusses the map {{PAGENAME}}.|P-RnfEaO0ns|'''The Shooting Range #215''' - ''Map Guide'' section at 07:38 discusses the map {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;Similar maps

== External links ==


[[Category:Maps_and_missions]]
[[Category:Ground forces maps]]

User:U120610831/sandbox

2023-08-05T23:07:04Z

U120610831:

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Map Test}}
[[File:MapIcon Ground Jungle.jpg|center|408px]]

{| class="catlist" align="center"
|-
!
!
! Game Modes
!
!
|-
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon GreenCheckmark.png|link=]] '''Battle''' </div>
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon GreenCheckmark.png|link=]] '''Domination''' </div>
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon GreenCheckmark.png|link=]] '''Conquest''' </div>
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon GreenCheckmark.png|link=]] '''Break''' </div>
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon RedXCross.png|link=]] '''Skirmish'''</div>
|}

__TOC__

==Overview==
[[File:MapLayout Ground Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|right|The Jungle map]]
This is a personal sandbox for me to try out some editing on air maps. I'm starting with a copy of the '''Jungle''' ground forces map, because there doesn't appear to be a template for map-related articles.

Description of the terrain goes here.

===Game Description===

===Historical Background===
Historical context goes here. The rest is still unmodified from the original.

===Notable Landmarks===

==Map configuration==
'''Domination''' 
There are three Capture Points. Point A is on the southern hill of the centre island, B is on the west of the beach, and C is on a small hill on the east of the beach.
[[File:MapLayout Domination Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Domination configuration.]]

'''Conquest''' 
There is are three configurations of the conquest mode, each with one Capture Point. The point will either be on the northern beach, on the hill next to the split where water flows in; or it will be on the northern or southern hill, on the centre island.
[[File:MapLayout Conquest1 Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Conquest #1 configuration.]]
[[File:MapLayout Conquest2 Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Conquest #2 configuration.]]
[[File:MapLayout Conquest3 Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Conquest #3 configuration.]]

'''Battle''' 
There are two capture points, each owned by one of the teams. Point A is in the jungle area in the west of the map and B is in the jungle area in the east of the map. [[File:MapLayout Battle Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Battle configuration.]]

'''Break''' 
One capture point will be in the northwest of the map on (the bank opposite the northern hill of the island), and another will be in the jungle in the east of the map (opposite the southern hill on the island). When captured they will unlock a capture point in the middle of the southern and northern halves of the town respectively. When captured these points unlock the final capture zones, located in the north and south of the island, respectively. [[File:MapLayout Break Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Break configuration.]] 

==Strategy==
''Describe what focus a team should have when spawning into the map''

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|izFpnktG5w4|'''The Shooting Range #351''' - ''Squadmates'' section at 07:25 discusses the map {{PAGENAME}}.|P-RnfEaO0ns|'''The Shooting Range #215''' - ''Map Guide'' section at 07:38 discusses the map {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;Similar maps

* [[Vietnam Hills]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/666--en|[Video] Updated tank maps “Kuban” and “Jungle”]]

[[Category:Maps_and_missions]]
[[Category:Ground forces maps]]

User:U120610831/sandbox

2023-08-05T23:05:28Z

U120610831:

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Map Test}}
[[File:MapIcon Ground Jungle.jpg|center|408px]]

{| class="catlist" align="center"
|-
!
!
! Game Modes
!
!
|-
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon GreenCheckmark.png|link=]] '''Battle''' </div>
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon GreenCheckmark.png|link=]] '''Domination''' </div>
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon GreenCheckmark.png|link=]] '''Conquest''' </div>
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon GreenCheckmark.png|link=]] '''Break''' </div>
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon RedXCross.png|link=]] '''Skirmish'''</div>
|}

__TOC__

==Overview==
[[File:MapLayout Ground Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|right|The Jungle map]]
This is a personal sandbox for me to try out some editing on air maps. I'm starting with a copy of the '''Jungle''' ground forces map, because there doesn't appear to be a template for map-related articles.

(I don't see the actual content after creating this ... so maybe user sandbox articles aren't a "thing" on this wiki?)

Description of the terrain goes here.

===Game Description===

===Historical Background===
Historical context goes here. The rest is still unmodified from the original.

===Notable Landmarks===

==Map configuration==
'''Domination''' 
There are three Capture Points. Point A is on the southern hill of the centre island, B is on the west of the beach, and C is on a small hill on the east of the beach.
[[File:MapLayout Domination Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Domination configuration.]]

'''Conquest''' 
There is are three configurations of the conquest mode, each with one Capture Point. The point will either be on the northern beach, on the hill next to the split where water flows in; or it will be on the northern or southern hill, on the centre island.
[[File:MapLayout Conquest1 Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Conquest #1 configuration.]]
[[File:MapLayout Conquest2 Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Conquest #2 configuration.]]
[[File:MapLayout Conquest3 Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Conquest #3 configuration.]]

'''Battle''' 
There are two capture points, each owned by one of the teams. Point A is in the jungle area in the west of the map and B is in the jungle area in the east of the map. [[File:MapLayout Battle Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Battle configuration.]]

'''Break''' 
One capture point will be in the northwest of the map on (the bank opposite the northern hill of the island), and another will be in the jungle in the east of the map (opposite the southern hill on the island). When captured they will unlock a capture point in the middle of the southern and northern halves of the town respectively. When captured these points unlock the final capture zones, located in the north and south of the island, respectively. [[File:MapLayout Break Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Break configuration.]] 

==Strategy==
''Describe what focus a team should have when spawning into the map''

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|izFpnktG5w4|'''The Shooting Range #351''' - ''Squadmates'' section at 07:25 discusses the map {{PAGENAME}}.|P-RnfEaO0ns|'''The Shooting Range #215''' - ''Map Guide'' section at 07:38 discusses the map {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;Similar maps

* [[Vietnam Hills]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/666--en|[Video] Updated tank maps “Kuban” and “Jungle”]]

[[Category:Maps_and_missions]]
[[Category:Ground forces maps]]

User:U120610831/sandbox

2023-08-05T23:03:59Z

U120610831: Created page with "{{DISPLAYTITLE:Map Test}} 408px {| class="catlist" align="center" |- ! ! ! Game Modes ! ! |- |<div style="width:110px; borde..."

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Map Test}}
[[File:MapIcon Ground Jungle.jpg|center|408px]]

{| class="catlist" align="center"
|-
!
!
! Game Modes
!
!
|-
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon GreenCheckmark.png|link=]] '''Battle''' </div>
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon GreenCheckmark.png|link=]] '''Domination''' </div>
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon GreenCheckmark.png|link=]] '''Conquest''' </div>
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon GreenCheckmark.png|link=]] '''Break''' </div>
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon RedXCross.png|link=]] '''Skirmish'''</div>
|}

__TOC__

==Overview==
[[File:MapLayout Ground Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|right|The Jungle map]]
This is a personal sandbox for me to try out some editing on air maps. I'm starting with a copy of the '''Jungle''' ground forces map, because there doesn't appear to be a template for map-related articles.

Description of the terrain goes here.

===Game Description===

===Historical Background===
Historical context goes here. The rest is still unmodified from the original.

===Notable Landmarks===

==Map configuration==
'''Domination''' 
There are three Capture Points. Point A is on the southern hill of the centre island, B is on the west of the beach, and C is on a small hill on the east of the beach.
[[File:MapLayout Domination Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Domination configuration.]]

'''Conquest''' 
There is are three configurations of the conquest mode, each with one Capture Point. The point will either be on the northern beach, on the hill next to the split where water flows in; or it will be on the northern or southern hill, on the centre island.
[[File:MapLayout Conquest1 Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Conquest #1 configuration.]]
[[File:MapLayout Conquest2 Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Conquest #2 configuration.]]
[[File:MapLayout Conquest3 Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Conquest #3 configuration.]]

'''Battle''' 
There are two capture points, each owned by one of the teams. Point A is in the jungle area in the west of the map and B is in the jungle area in the east of the map. [[File:MapLayout Battle Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Battle configuration.]]

'''Break''' 
One capture point will be in the northwest of the map on (the bank opposite the northern hill of the island), and another will be in the jungle in the east of the map (opposite the southern hill on the island). When captured they will unlock a capture point in the middle of the southern and northern halves of the town respectively. When captured these points unlock the final capture zones, located in the north and south of the island, respectively. [[File:MapLayout Break Jungle.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Break configuration.]] 

==Strategy==
''Describe what focus a team should have when spawning into the map''

== Media ==

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|izFpnktG5w4|'''The Shooting Range #351''' - ''Squadmates'' section at 07:25 discusses the map {{PAGENAME}}.|P-RnfEaO0ns|'''The Shooting Range #215''' - ''Map Guide'' section at 07:38 discusses the map {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;Similar maps

* [[Vietnam Hills]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/666--en|[Video] Updated tank maps “Kuban” and “Jungle”]]

[[Category:Maps_and_missions]]
[[Category:Ground forces maps]]

User:U120610831

2023-08-05T22:49:47Z

U120610831: Minor updates about me

Hey, welcome to my user page. (Are user pages even a "thing" on this wiki? If you're reading this, I suppose that's at least a qualified "yes"...)

I first joined War Thunder in July 2021, and mostly just fiddled around with Rank I arcade battles for a long while. These days, when I fly, it is almost exclusively in Air RB. I'm still playing ground battles mainly in Arcade mode, but trying to get more comfortable with RB. I am nibbling at Naval AB as well -- on days when matchmaking actually lets me get a game going without waiting forever.

I also have been editing articles on the original English-language Wikipedia for years, so I'm very interested in the "wiki" model of knowledge collection and am looking for opportunities to help out here. If there is a "wish list" page or something like that, perhaps someone could let me know.

More about me: I am an adult male, married, parent of a very cool daughter (who prefers Air AB), reside in California, and work in cyber security. I am very interested in military history, especially WW2, which is a big part of why I'm interested in this game.

By the way:

* Ich spreche auch fliessend Deutsch.
* Я очень плохо говорю по-русски

[[User:U120610831|U120610831]] ([[User talk:U120610831|talk]]) 17:47, 21 February 2022 (UTC)

Pe-2-1

2023-03-26T22:10:35Z

U120610831: /* Description */ minor wording fix

{{About
| about = Soviet dive bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Pe-2 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=pe-2-1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet dive bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

The Pe-2 fulfils much the same attack craft role as the [[IL-2 (1941)|IL-2]]. While the guns are 7.62 mm machine guns and therefore worse than the IL-2's, it can carry much heavier bombs, allowing it to destroy targets in one hit that an IL-2 might take two or three bombs to destroy. Additionally, its nose-mounted weaponry and the fact that it spawns at bomber altitude on most maps make it a surprisingly effective hit & run bomber. However, as with other attack craft, you should have a friendly cover you whenever possible. While it has defensive guns and is faster than the Sturmovik, it is still very vulnerable when caught alone. Additionally, it is very vulnerable to diving attacks due to its dorsal-mounted fuel tank.

There are disadvantages as well. The fixed armament is inadequate at best: two nose-mounted machine guns simply lack the punch of cannons and their low ammunition supply prevents prolonged usage. The defensive armament is not any better – the upper and lower hemisphere of the aircraft are each defended only by a single 7.62 mm machine gun, with the ventral turret having an extremely limited field of view and the side mounts being largely redundant. Your best defence is then the Pe-2's agility and speed. When attacked by enemy fighters, use your speed to run away and your agility to dodge gun passes until you have reached friendly fighters or strong allied AAA.

Fast, agile and very versatile, the Peshka can be a great bomber if used correctly and its niche lays in tank battles, as a precise dive bomber. Further research of this line will then lead you to even faster and better-armed variants, notably equipped with 128 mm rockets, excellent for attacking tanks and the occasional bomber.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The Pe-2 is a relatively fast aircraft for a plane of its BR. It has a decent climb and roll rate, but performance is significantly worse at high altitude. The turn rate isn't the best, even for a bomber of its size, and it bleeds quite a bit of speed when turning. It has decent responsiveness, even with the 1,000 kg load. It has poor low-speed performance and compresses easily (around 500 km/h). However, the Pe-2 has a fairly effective set of airbrakes mounted under the wing. It is recommended to be at around 300 km/h; even though this seems relatively high, the airbrakes and landing flaps slow the Pe-2 down quickly.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,100 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 521 || 505 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 28.5 || 29.9 || 7.2 || 7.2 || rowspan="2" | 326
|-
! Upgraded
| 560 || 540 || 25.6 || 27.0 || 12.6 || 9.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 520 || 487 || 320 || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 380 || < 380 || < 440 || > 307
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 8 mm Steel plate behind the pilot

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

* The first rank of upgrades do not matter much, just choose either two out of three to unlock research for rank II.
* When possible, choose ''DZ-40'' first to unlock more payload variants. Afterwards, the only thing to worry about is performance. Acceleration takes a hit with the newer heavier payloads.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns, nose-mounted (500 rpg = 1,000 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|FAB-100sv (100 kg)|FAB-250sv (250 kg)|FAB-500sv (500 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 6 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (600 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg FAB-250sv bombs + 4 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (900 kg total)
* 4 x 250 kg FAB-250sv bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg FAB-500sv bombs (1,000 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, dorsal turret (750 rpg)
* 1 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, ventral turret (750 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Cockpit_Pe-2.jpg|thumbnail|right|Cockpit with translated gauges.]]
The Pe-2-1 Peshka's firepower is rather meagre, only really meant to scare off the enemies with the right angle. The 7.62 mm calibre weapons won't be destroying enemy aircraft with a quick burst. The defensive turrets are also armed with the same 7.62 mm weapons which are also poor in both firepower and protection. The turret firing arcs are small (Dorsal: 80° horizontal, +5 - +60° vertical; Ventral: 80° horizontal, -10 - -20° vertical) and open hatches mean that there are blind spots and the gunners could be quickly dispatched by a strafing aircraft. As such, it's not wise to spawn in the Pe-2 if you don't have friendly fighters up.
[[File:BomberImage_Pe-2X-ray.jpg|thumbnail|X-Ray view of the Peshka's modules. Note the very big fuel tanks placed all over the plane.]]
The Pe-2 is capable in Air RB as well as Ground RB due to its varied payload options. For air battles, any load will be effective (albeit the unlockable ones take a big toll on climb rate, acceleration and speed). The 6 x 100 kg option will still be a good choice for a quick and speedy mission. In ground battles, the 2 x 250 kg + 4 x 100 kg option and the 2 x 500 kg option are the best; it is recommended to use the 500 kg option if you are not as comfortable with bombs. These bombs do not drop in pairs.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Nose mounted weaponry
* Versatile bomb load for an attack craft
* Rather manoeuvrable for a twin-engine attack craft
* One of the faster twin-engine dive/light bombers
* All metal construction results in a sturdy airframe. Can handle up to 800 km/h dives
* Can develop huge speed advantage over the competition by trading altitude for speed (this bomber is one of the better rush bombers)

'''Cons:'''

* Large target
* 7.62 mm insufficient for any ground target, except trucks
* Large fuel tank in the midsection makes it vulnerable to fires
* Armour does not protect back gunner and pilot is only protected from the back
* Poor field of view of the back gunners. 7.62 mm is not only insufficient for self-defence but often cannot even get a proper aim if an attacker is careful

== History ==

[[File:Petlyakov Pe-2 Peshka (14467132393).jpg|thumbnail|Two Peshkas flying in formation. Likely to be two more out of the picture and therefore part of a flight of Pe-2s.]]
Originally, the Petlyakov Pe-2 was not supposed to be a bomber at all. Its direct predecessor, designated VI-100, was designed by a prison design bureau team led by Vladimir Petlyakov as a high-altitude escort fighter. The VI-100 was very modern for its time, featuring a pressurized two-seat cockpit, electrically actuated systems and all-metal construction, and was powered by two supercharged Klimov M-105 V-12 inline engines producing 1,100 horsepower each. The prototype was completed in 1939 and during its first test flight on 7th May 1939, it reached a top speed of 630 km/h (390 mph) – an astounding performance for its time. The results of flight tests were so promising that the VI-100 was ordered into production.

However, Germany launched the "Blitzkrieg" campaign in September 1939. Aside from their revolutionary usage of tanks, the campaign in Poland featured notable usage of Ju 87 dive bombers and showed their potential. Consequently, the Soviet authorities ordered the VI-100 to be redesigned as a dive bomber. Pressurisation equipment and engine superchargers were removed, dive brakes were installed under the wings and the bombardier position was added to the nose of the aircraft(raising the number of crew members to three). A ventral bomb bay was added along with the two smaller bomb positions located at the rear of engine nacelles. Two rear-facing turrets, each armed by a single ShKAS machine gun, were installed to dorsal and ventral positions. The resulting aircraft, able to carry up to 1,600 kg (3,520 lbs) of bombs, was designated PB-100. The first prototype flew on 15th December 1940 and its performance (top speed of 540 km/h (335 mph)) was so good that Vladimir Petlyakov was released and the aircraft was named after him, thus receiving the designation Petlyakov Pe-2. The bomber was then rushed into serial production and deliveries to combat units began in the spring of 1941. The deliveries were, however, slow and by the time of the German invasion in June 1941, only about 458 Pe-2's were delivered.

The Pe-2, nicknamed Peshka ("Pawn") by its crews, quickly proved itself to be an effective dive bomber and together with the Ilyushin Il-2 Sturmovik attacker, it became the most important offensive weapon of the Soviet Army Air Force. The bomber was fast and agile enough to be an elusive target for German fighters and also proved its versatility – it was used for reconnaissance and artillery spotting and also became the basis for the [[Pe-3bis|Pe-3]] heavy fighter. Losses were heavy, however. Crews often complained about a lack of armour protection for the cockpit and fuel tanks as well as poor defensive armament and unreliable dive brakes, which sometimes failed to retract and allowed top speeds of only around 300 km/h (186.4 mph), making the fast bomber easy prey.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
A twin-engine, all-metal monoplane with a twin-fin tail and a retractable landing gear system with tail wheel.

The idea to create the Pe-2 front line dive bomber was born quite suddenly. The experiences of World War II, which had just recently started, showed that the concept of heavy twin-engine fighters was defective. The planes either failed miserably or had to play a different role in the conflict. The Petlyakov VI-100 high-altitude fighter created in OKB-29 of the NKVD's Special Technical Bureau was no exception. Despite its impressive test results, with characteristics significantly exceeding those of its European counterparts, and despite the fact that industrial facilities were prepared for mass production, it was decided that the aircraft should not begin production, for it was clear that such planes were simply not needed. At the same time, the Air Forces of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army clearly required that the fleet of front line bomber aircraft be upgraded and replenished. Dive bombers in particular had made a good showing in the first years of World War II, but planes of this type were absent in the USSR's forces. It was decided to make up this deficiency by converting the VI-100 fighter. In principle, this design was quite promising, and the industry was ready for mass production. In addition, there was no time to develop a completely new design. As a result, Petlyakov was ordered to prepare in the shortest possible time a PB-100 dive bomber based on the existing fighter prototype.

Only one month and a half were given to perform the redesign, but the designers pulled it off brilliantly. In the autumn of 1940, the PB-100 successfully passed all tests and was immediately launched into full-scale production. In 1940, the aircraft was re-designated the Pe-2, after the last name of designer V. M. Petlyakov. The first series were few in number: usually 5 to 10 planes, and 20 at most. This was done specifically to allow for improvements during production.

The first production planes were equipped with 1,100 hp Klimov M-105R twelve-cylinder V-type geared water-cooled engines.

The plane's defensive armament consisted of four 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns. Two ShKAS machine guns with 500 rounds each were fixed in the forward fuselage, and the navigator could fire from the TSS-1 turret (with a magazine capacity of 750 rounds) mounted behind the pilot. The LU-MV-2 hatch mount with 750 rounds was located in the lower fuselage.

The standard payload of the Pe-2 was 600 kg, and the maximum was 1,000 kg. Four bombs with a maximum weight of 100 kg were housed in the fuselage bomb bay, and one more bomb was placed in each of the two bomb bays located in the nacelle rear section. Bombs of larger weights, such as 250 kg and 500 kg, could be accommodated only on external bomb racks under the center wing section.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=pe-2-1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Pe-2 (Family)]]
* [[Pe-3 (Family)]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Petlyakov}}
{{USSR bombers}}

Beginner's guide to fleet battles

2023-03-26T18:01:54Z

U120610831: /* Friage */ fixed title Friage -> Frigate

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Beginner's Guide to Naval Battles}}

Welcome to the '''Naval Battles''' mode of War Thunder! This guide will help get a player on their feet in trying out War Thunder naval warfare.

[[File:Img ship.png|x420px|frameless|right]]
__TOC__

= Getting started in War Thunder =

This section's purpose is to get the player adequately ready in jumping into a War Thunder naval battle, starting from choosing a nation towards joining a battle.

== Choosing a nation==
With six nations in the game, there are lots of starting points to choose from for the War Thunder naval career. These descriptions will cover the first impressions of each country and the trends in navy characteristics as a player progresses in the tech tree.

{{notice|Do note that these are very general descriptions of the tech tree and that individual ships present in each nation can have their own characteristics that may differ from the trends.}}

==== [[File:USA flag.png|50px|link=Category:USA_ships]] USA ====
Coming out of WW2 as the premier naval power the US Navy has a lot to offer and a great synergy with its available [[:Category:USA_aircraft|air support]].

'''Starters:'''
{{Break}}
Early US gameplay is centered around Motor Gun Boats, particularly utilizing famous Bofors and Oerlikon cannons. PT's are well-rounded boats, with no big drawbacks, but also no big advantages. Sub Chasers are much slower but also better armed than their opponents.

'''Tech Tree trends:'''
{{Break}}

==== [[File:Germany flag.png|50px|link=Category:Germany_ships]] Germany ====
Though the Kriegsmarine in WW2 was chiefly active in submarine warfare, it does not limit the variety and effectiveness of the surface fleet in War Thunder.

'''Starters:'''
{{Break}}
E-boats or ''Schnellboote'' Germany's designation for the fast attack craft, are among the common vehicles in the early research. Fast, nimble and with a plethora of armament variants the [[S-38]] and [[S-100 (1945)|S-100]] class are renowned and feared in equal measure. While the starting Reserve vehicle may be a Schnellboot itself, one must highlight the cuteness of it. Downright tiny, overall round and a plaything of the waves, the [[LS 3]] does not look like its big brethren. Yet the name is not false for the ''Light E-boat 3'' plays like the later Torpedoboats in the German Tree. Both Hit-and-Run and Ambush play can be tried and trained. Although the start is a tour de speed, many other early vessels sail in a more leisured fashion. There is a great selection of heavily armed barges and other slow boats in the tree coming in Rank II and the [[R-boot R-41|R-boots]] Minesweeper vessels here are too great learning experiences for such a playstyle.

'''Tech Tree trends:'''
{{Break}}
Later vessels tend to increase firepower, especially the flak and artillery barges in Rank II. They sit in the WW2 part of the branch, making an odd fit with the prior unlocked S-100s. Only common feature is the miniscule amount of armour protecting the crew and modules. While being Anti-Air-vessels they themself are highly succeptible to them.
The next branch in Rank II focuses more on several smaller Post WW2 vehicles. Noteworthy is the [[Jaguar-Klasse (140)|Jaguar (140)]], a continuation of the WW2 S-100 class. Otherwise following it is a pure gun boat line.

Rank III is a pure Destroyer branch (with the exception of the oddly placed [[Kanonenboot K-2|gun boat K-2]]) with a later focus on crew quantity and the mainstay of the destroyer branch the [[SKC/34 (127 mm)|12.7 cm SKC/34]]. Noteworthy is the excellent anti-air complement on all of them.

Rank IV: The German cruisers, sleek and fast ships for convoy raiding, feature impressive anti-air abilities and above average main armament. Armour itself is average though and in a citadel design, protecting engines and ammunition bunkers. Yet the mixed armour thickness design compared to All-or-Nothing approach results in many AP fuses igniting on thin armour plates for the less vital section. However, the proection against small arms, high explosives and anti-air fire is considerable. So lightly armed convoys beware.

==== [[File:USSR flag.png|50px|link=Category:USSR_ships]] USSR ====
'''Starters:'''
{{Break}}
The soviet tree begins with an unusual whaleback design, [[G-5]], a boat with the smallest overwater hit area in the game. Further on the tree is divided into 2 major branches: Motor Torpedo Boats and Gun Boats. Soviet boats are relatively slow but well-armed and fairly survivable.

'''Tech Tree trends:'''
{{Break}}

==== [[File:Britain flag.png|50px|link=Category:Britain_ships]] Britain ====
'''Starters:'''
{{Break}}
Early British ships, similarly to their US counterparts, are well-rounded units leaning towards Gun Boats. Fairmile or Isles class are larger and much slower than most of the boats in rank 1, but they're also better armed. In fact {{Specs-Link|uk_dark_class}} features the highest calibre gun of any rank 1 boat - [[8cwt QF Mk I (114 mm)|114 mm]].

'''Tech Tree trends:'''
{{Break}}

==== [[File:Japan flag.png|50px|link=Category:Japan_ships]] Japan ====
'''Starters:'''
{{Break}}
Rank 1 is largely centered on gun-centric boats, the notably weak part of the rank are {{Specs-Link|jp_abtei_pr1|Soukou-Tei}} and {{Specs-Link|jp_sehatei_mod1}}, where they have enough armour to slow them down, but not enough to protect them from nearly any ammunition belt in the game. The first branch of the research tree, with the Type T-* boats (including the reserve boat) very competitive in right hands, having a relatively small size, high mobility, and good weaponry.

'''Tech Tree trends:'''
{{Break}}
Japanese tree is very mixed, with several unusual designs, forcing players into more skill-based gameplay, than just relying on a brute force. There are also no such clear trends as with the other trees. Generally, Japanese ships have an extremely poor anti-air defense and an exceptional torpedoes.

Rank 2 is relatively short, can be passed by going through just 2 boats. Side-tree from {{Specs-Link|jp_type_11_pt_15}} onwards goes to the modern boats that require a very substantial amount of [[Research Points|RP]] to research, being recommended for more experienced players.

Rank 3 is made of torpedo-heavy destroyers, with good guns, but extremely weak anti-aircraft weaponry. [[IJN Akizuki]] is an exception for the branch, having exceptionally good anti-aircraft weaponry, not just among Japanese ships, but other destroyers as well.

Cruiser gameplay (Ranks IV and V) is mixed-bag in terms of potential, with some ships being very competitive (e.g. Mogami-class), while other relatively underpowered (e.g. [[IJN Kuma]]). Japanese cruisers, similarly to destroyers, come equipped with a very potent, long-range torpedoes, including Long Lance.



== Preparing for the first match ==
Before starting up the first naval match, it is recommended for all players to play the tutorial section in-game to be familiarized with the ship steering and damage mechanics of the game.

To enter the tutorial form the menu, go to "Battles" at the top left corner to the left of the "Community" tab. A drop down menu should appear, with "Tutorials" appearing fourth from the top. From there, the tutorial titled ''Basic tutorial course: "Motor Boat Control Basis"'' should be completed, with bonuses in currency and a crewslot added once completed.

Now, it is time to select the game mode for the match. For any newcomers, Arcade mode is recommended as there will be assist markers available for shell trajectory and automatic firing range setting that helps new players understand where their shots will go at long range, and how to lead appropriately. As experience is earned while playing the game, the player may choose to join realistic battles for a more immersed gameplay experience.

Once a mode is set, click the large, orange "To Battle!" button to join a queue for game match to be made!

For more details on the game modes for ships, [[Beginner%27s_guide_to_fleet_battles#Game_modes|click here!]]

==Fighting in the first match==
Once a match has been chosen, the map and objective will be laid out for the player.

The first thing encountered upon joining a match is a vehicle and ammo selection screen, with vehicle selection done atop and ammunition done in the center. The next thing to take note of is a map of the battlefield on the right side, where the primary objectives for the battle are shown.

Most objectives in the game rely on the capture and control of strategic points, with the game mode being called "Conquest" or "Domination" depending on the number of capture points available. These points are captured simply by moving into the bordered circle area with the enemy removed from it.

However, the ease of capturing these points may be hampered by the terrain of each map, torpedoes ''en'' route or even mines ''on'' route, not to mention the enemy vessels shooting. To avert an early demise, take time and assess the situation. The mini-map and the map screen (default key: "M") are a great help to gain '''situational awareness'''. Then start planning a route towards the target point using said mini-map.

{{Notice|The best penetrating ammunition is not necessarily the most optimal round to fight with in War Thunder, as other factors such as round type (AP, APCBC, SAP, etc.), angle of attack effect, and explosive filler are to be considered as well. Though '''A'''rmour '''P'''iercing ammunition may have a large amount of penetration potential, majority of the boats in rank 1 and 2 have no armour, and their internal ammunition racks are very unlikely to explode, even if destroyed. On the other hand '''H'''igh '''E'''xplosive shells may do little to heavily armoured parts of the ship (such as gun shields), while at the same time being far more likely to ignite enemy ships.|!}}

Once these considerations are taken into account, click any of the orange "To Battle!" buttons; the large one on the bottom right or the ones above the vehicle icon (or double-click on a vehicle icon) to spawn into the fight!

Breathing salty air and engines full speed ahead, the one thing to keep in mind is to play the objective. Because even if one side manages to knock out more total vessels than the enemy, if the foe retains the capture points, they will win by draining the ticket counter. Plus, taking these points result in a nice reward and score boost, so there's something in it for not just for the team, but for the individual!

Manoeuvring the battlefield takes skill and familiarity with the steering characteristics. Bea-lining a straight path towards the objective just allows the enemy to lead their fire with ease. Use the terrain for cover and concealment under smoke, fog, or behind hills, and allied wreckage, etc. Exploiting one's vessel speed and shift allows for steering through long range incoming fire and traversing difficult seas (river deltas, archipelago ) to get around predictable routes, catching the enemy by surprise. Prior leg work such as good positioning and team work will greatly improve one's success once entering combat.

Every encounter with an enemy, like in most player-versus-player games, is a test of wits and initiative. A good mindset to have is to not view exposure as a mere state, but rather as a conscious, active decision. Every second of exposure represents a risk one should be aware of. Try to surprise the enemies by attacking on their flanks. When you must move into an area that is watched or even under enemy control, remember to pre-aim your turrets and aim your weapon to do as much damage as you can with your first shot. This means aiming for either armament to prevent any return fire or going all in and aiming for the ammo storage.

The reward at the end of a match is largely determined by whether you have won or lost the match, and the outcome of the match is largely determined by who possesses the capture points. This, coupled with the fact that a point capture carries a higher reward than destroying an enemy, means capturing points is a first priority. Even having more targets destroyed and losing can net a smaller result than less targets destroyed and winning.

Congratulations! You have experienced your first naval match in War Thunder (or at least one that you have a good awareness on what's actually happening). However, there's more to War Thunder than just blasting away at the enemy.

==After the first match==
Now that you know how to fight and win battles, it is now time to use that experience to advance your placement in the tech tree you have chosen.

As more battles are fought, research points are earned towards upgrading the ship and progressing the tech tree. We'll relay how to do each step here.

===Upgrades===
Upgrading ship comes down to two factors, unlocking modifications for the modules and training the crew.

====Modules and modifications====
{{main|Modifications}}

In the menu, there is the option to unlock modifications for the vessel in question. These are divided into three categories: Seakeeping, Unsinkability, and Firepower. Seakeeping upgrades the engine maintenance, propeller replacement, and dry-docking. Unsinkability upgrades survivability potential with repairs, fire extinguishers, and shrapnel protection. Firepower upgrades turret characteristics, accuracy, and unlocks new ammunition to be used. These are researched and unlocked one by one, and as the criteria is met, the next tier of modifications can be unlocked to further enhance the ship.

In any ship, it is recommended to always focus on unlocking these two modifications, which happen to both be in the protection column.

* ''Tool Set'' — This is due to otherwise being unable to repair critical modules on the battlefield. By default, only track damage could be repaired anywhere on the battlefield and repairs can be done on captured points. However, repairs to critical modules such as the gun, turret, transmission, and engine would be impossible away from a captured point without the ''Parts'' modification.
* ''Fire Protection System'' (referred to as ''"FPE"'' by the community) is very important for combat survival as these are the most viable way to extinguish ship fires (outside of sinking to the ocean floor). Without this, a simple fire will slowly chip away at module health, eventually leading to ammo combustion that will knock out the vessel from the game.

Past these, the priority of modifications to upgrade can vary from different ships and should be consulted on individual vessel pages on which modules are more important to research.

====Crew skills====
{{main|Crew skills}}

Arguably one of the least looked at part of vessel upgrades, crew skills can play a big role in the firepower and survivability. Unlike modifications, the training of a crew are specific to the crew slot in the line-up and can be transferable to any boat the crew is using (except "Expert" and "Ace" status, these are ship and crew specific).

Crew information can be reached on the left drop-right menu on the screen with the middle button for the selected crew (under "Vehicle Information" and above the "Favourite Achievements" button). From here, "Crew Training" would direct the player to a screen that would show the following tabs:

[[File:CrewSkills-Fleet-DamageControl-FireExtinguishing.jpg|x200px|thumb|right|The crew training page, where upgrades in the Damage control's fire extinguishing skill shows an appreciable benefit.]]

* Ship commander
* Observers
* Engine room
* Gunners
* Damage control
* Logistical services
* Qualification

Each have their own unique skills to help enhance the ship in their role. Upgrading each trait in a crew tab with the earned Crew XP Points would add a 0.5 point to the overall crew level. Each skill that can be upgraded is detailed more on the [[Crew skills|crew skills]] page.

Once a certain crew level is reached with crew upgrades, they can enter "Qualification" to become enhanced to one specific ship. The first stage would be "Expert" which adds 3 point to every crew skill for the cost of several Silver Lions {{Sl}}. The impact can be quite noticeable once put into a match.

After an "Expert" qualification is gained, the next step past a maxed out "Expert" crew is the "Ace" status, which enhances the reward to an additional 5 point to every crew skill. However, earning this status is much harder and requires either Golden Eagles {{Ge}} or a huge amount of experiences to achieve.

===Progression===
Upon selecting your preferred tech tree, you will then being the gradual process of unlocking, researching, and purchasing shipss down a column to progress towards the next vessel type.

Progression is restricted by two factors in the tech tree, vehicle unlock criteria per rank and ship branch connection. Each rank past the first has a criteria of the number of ships that must be researched and purchased before the next rank's vehicles could be researched. Ships are then linked via an arrow branching from one vessel to the next. These arrows indicate that the prior ship must be researched before the next ship could be researched, and purchased before the next ship could be purchased.

Ships restricted from being researched are noted by being under a dark red overlay, with indications that the vessel is locked.

====Matchmaking====
{{main|Matchmaker|Battle ratings}}

While ranks are important for progression, they are not the deciding factor on what types of battles you enter.

Matchmaking in the game is solely based on [[Battle_ratings|battle ratings]], which are indicated by a numerical value on the lower right corner of a vehicle box (or on top of a stat card). The rank of a vehicle does not play a part in this matchmaking process, and so a rank II vessel can be evenly matched with a rank III vehicle if both have the same battle rating.

Matchmaking in naval battles is sorted by the highest battle rating in the line-up and then battling against enemies within a battle rating range of ± 1.0. For example, a player enters a battle with a line-up with a maximum battle rating of 2.3, causing the player to join a match potentially between 1.3 to 3.3 in battle ratings. This is further divided into groups separated by a value of 1.0, so matches would consist of vehicles in the 1.3-2.3, 1.7-2.7, 2.0-3.0 and 2.3-3.3 vehicles. This develops into the concepts of "uptier" and "downtier" as coined by the community, where "uptier" would be placing the 2.3 line-up in a 2.3-3.3 match, while a "downtier" would be in a 1.3-2.3 match.

Always consult the statistics cards for ships when creating a line up. Also remember that every vehicle have a different battle ranking and stats card in different game modes. To change which stats card you are looking at, simply click on the mode view option at the bottom right of the research tree.

= Advanced considerations =
Aside from turning that diamond-shape symbol on the capture point into a blue color and destroying enemy vessels, there are more intricate details to cover when detailing how to play the game more deeply than shoot-and-scoot.

==Vehicle usage==
Here we detail the typical usage of each vehicle type in a battle.

{{notice|It should be pointed out that when choosing a vehicle to load into a battle, not every ship in the game is optimal for every situation. For example, it would probably be unwise to spawn in a slow Gun Boat when the last objective is six miles out and five minutes before match ends. A quicker Torpedo Boat may be less armed but could still arrive in time for a capture.

These situations are the reason why a diverse line up is usually good, as you cannot predict what map or match you will get, so the naval line up has to be suitable for most/all maps. In addition, later into the game, the second, third, and proceeding vehicles you choose can impact the game. If your team needs to quickly capture the "A" point to avoid a loss, you want a fast-moving vehicle to get there quickly to stop the "ticket bleed".}}

Without further ado, here's a general "doctrine" on how each ship type are to perform on the battlefield.
=== Boats ===
Boats are contained within ranks 1 and 2.
==== Torpedo Boats ====
Usually fast, agile, their largest damage-dealer are torpedoes, though they do have additional guns. Torpedoes will kill anything up to a destroyer with a single hit, and even with destroyers, an impact near the ammunition storage or simply: a destroyer with an already killed-off crew, will sink them instantly.
==== Gun Boats ====
===== Motor Gun Boats =====
An equivalent of Motor Torpedo Boats, only primarily focused on guns. They tend to be small, fast, agile, heavily armed, but missing torpedoes or depth charges. If they're slow - they tend to be more heavily armed.
===== Armoured Gun Boats =====
Slower, but armoured gun boats. They usually carry heavier weaponry for the size than their more mobile cousins.

The usefulness of armour on boats is very limited, as even 6.5mm machine guns can penetrate 20 mm armour at 500 m with tracer rounds, and realistically most boats carry much heavier machine guns or straight on cannons that can easily pierce through anything a boat can feasibly carry. Moreover: armoured boats will still ignite on fire when hit with HE rounds. Armour is useful primarily against shallow angle or long-range hits.
===== Sub Chaser =====
Gun-heavy boats equipped with depth charge throwers. Usually much larger than the Torpedo Boats or Motor Gun Boats
===== Barges =====
Barges are extremely slow, but heavily armed and highly survivable units. They are a bane of low-altitude bombers and fighters, creating a no-fly zone for the enemy, and at the same time, they're more than able to take down any hostile boat. Their biggest flaw is mobility, which means that not only they rarely manage to venture far from the spawn point, but also they're very prone to torpedoes and bombs, having little chance of changing direction or speed in time to avoid hitting.
=== Frigates ===
Frigates are a middle-ground between Destroyers and Boats. They tend to be post-war designs, within rank II. Unlike boats, they have modifications that are typical for the capital ships, they're also able to engage targets at longer distances and using wider, or more modern range of weaponry. Still, though, frigates are relatively prone to damage and are easily outgunned in a straight gunfire with any destroyer.
==== Gunboat ====
The distinction between Gunboat and a Frigate in-game is unclear. Frigates tend to be historically newer designs, however there are exceptions.
=== Destroyers ===
Gameplay in destroyers differs vastly from boats. 4 km is considered close-range, with ship firing often at ~10 km range, torpedoes increase in importance, positioning and long-term prediction of enemy movements become essential for successful gameplay. Destroyers are slow, heavily armed, often featuring Primary, Auxiliary, Anti-Aircraft guns, torpedoes and depth charges at the same time. Destroyers, however, tend to be unarmoured and are relatively large, slow targets, making for a good target for enemy torpedoes and guns alike.

Destroyers begin at rank III.
=== Cruisers ===
Cruisers are rank IV and V warships. Gameplay again differs from Destroyers, with ranges increasing even further, main gun calibre going up to above 140 mm, secondary armament turning from machine guns to medium and large-calibre cannons, and torpedoes decreasing in importance due to a very high range involved. Also, cruisers are the first class to have an armoured citadel as standard and have a much higher crew count, allowing them to easily win a 1 on 1 gunfight with any destroyer. That said though, cruisers are longer, slower, and less manoeuvrable than Destroyers. Cruisers also tend to carry floatplanes, however, those are not usable in-game.
===== Light Cruisers =====
Typically armed with ≈150 mm/≈6 inch main guns and a medium calibre secondary weapons. They typically can fight off even 2 destroyers in straight gunfire, however, they are prone to Heavy Cruisers and torpedo strikes. There's a significant variation in light cruisers, where even pre-World War 1 designs can be found, such as [[Krasny Krym]], laid down in 1913.
===== Heavy Cruisers =====
Currently the heaviest playable warships, Heavy Cruisers typically come armed with ≈200 mm/≈8 inch main guns and ≈120 mm/≈5 inch secondaries. They have the firepower to take down destroyers purely with AI gunners on the secondary and anti-aircraft armament. They also tend to feature significant anti-aircraft weaponry, including high-calibre guns that can reach bombers even at 3 km altitude. They are true behemoths... but their size is as much of an advantage as it is an issue. An increase in firepower does not come with a proportional increase in armour, and given their large size and a significant threat they pose - they bring the attention of multiple ships, often dying a death by a thousand cuts, not to mention an entire torpedo spreads set up by ambitious destroyers.

===Aircraft===
Aircraft in naval battles, whether unlocked through the point system in Arcade Battles or player-owned in Realistic Battles, can help give the team an edge with supplementary air power in a combined-arms role. These too are separated into roles of emphasis in naval battles.

* ''Fighters'' should primarily be focused on protecting the air space against enemy aircraft that come in to intercept friendly aircraft or attack sea units. The best strategy to destroy enemy planes is to gain a higher altitude than them, then dive and shoot them down. If no enemy planes are present, strafing the enemy naval units to harass them also fits fighter duty, but the most important role you can be is act as an aerial reconnaissance for your team, relaying where each enemy is on the map. Staying at a high altitude or taking evasive manoeuvres would be necessary if an enemy vessel opens with dedicated anti-air fire.
** Alternatively, fighters can be armed with bombs and rockets in a ''Fighter-bomber'' role to attack sea units. Note that this sacrifices the plane's ability to fight other aircraft so long as these armaments are on the aircraft, and the aircraft's performance in this role varies as they are able to take a very limited tonnage of bombs, requiring very precise hits, preferable from multiple bombs.
* ''Attackers'' and ''Dive-bombers'' should both focus on targeting individual sea units and eliminating them with either cannon-armaments on the aircraft or the available bombs and rockets.
** ''Attackers'' come in at a low altitude with their relatively armoured airframe to get better accuracy onto target. Due to their low altitude of attack, equipped bombs should be set on delay to avoid the bomb blast and shrapnel on the ground from affecting the aircraft.
** ''Dive-bombers'' rely on coming in from a high altitude towards the ground to directly deliver a bomb onto target. Air-brakes are available on most of these aircraft to help slow down the dive to allow for an easier adjustment of aim and also to be easier to pull up from the dive.
* ''Bombers'' are more preferred for a carpet-bombing of an area to eliminate the enemy. These should be retained at high altitude to avoid anti-aircraft fire as most bombers lack the manoeuvrability owing to their size from dodging enemy fire.


==Game modes==
Should you wish for more excitement in your game play, there are other modes to try out with their own perks!

{{notice|Simulator Battles features are assumed to also match Realistic Battle's unless stated otherwise.}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="3" | Naval Forces - Features by Game Mode
|-
! Arcade (AB) !! Realistic (RB) !! Simulator (SB) not yet in-game
|-
|
* Rangefinder always enabled
* 3D markers indicate enemy and friendly vehicles and range
* Scoreboard shows vehicle composition of both teams
* Engine power is enhanced
* No player-owned aircraft - only selected match spawns available
* Limited to three spawns
|
* No aim or penetration indicator available
* Manual rangefinder
* 3D markers indicate only friendly vehicles
* Scoreboard shows vehicle composition of only player's team
* Engine power matches real life specifications
* Player aircraft can be brought in and used
* Spawn using "Respawn Points" earned through contributing actions in the match
|
|-
|}

As mentioned earlier, the Arcade Battle mode is the recommended starter mode since it is forgiving to beginners with assists in firepower (aim and range indicators) and mobility (enhanced engine power) to help be familiarized around the mechanics of the game. Once comfortable with the game, Realistic Battles can be considered for further immersion into the War Thunder battles. Realistic battles, owing to their more complicated game style, also offer enhanced rewards after a battle.

=Other tips for beginners=
There is a lot of things to learn about War Thunder, so much so that all other tips are placed here! Here are some tips we can give you if you're still new to War Thunder Naval Battles and want some advice, or for ideas on how to fight certain vehicles.

* Mastering the different camera viewpoints is vital to naval battles:
** '''Gunner view''', named ''Sniper mode'' in the controls option, is necessary to make accurate shots at long-distance targets or to hit weak spots.
** '''Binoculars''' in the controls option, is necessary to gain an overview without moving or de-aiming your turrets.
** '''Turret view''', which is the zoomed-in exterior (third-person) view, useful for close-quarter combat (especially on archipelago maps).
* '''''Use your binoculars''', it's free''. This [[Hints|in-game hint]] points at a major element of ''Naval Forces'': spotting enemies before they spot you. Being able to surprise enemies to land the first hit is the best way to win a fight.
* The '''[[Towing|towing hook]]''' (default keybind: 0) actually works pretty well if you respect these two rules:
** '''Point of attachment''': if you want to roll and right a vessel back on its keel, attach the hook at the top (aiming with the mouse and pressing the hook key), then sail perpendicular to its hull. The goal is to ''pull'' the top of the ship, not ''drag'' the bottom across the sea floor or sand bank.
*Do not leave a battle if you can still respawn. Not only will you be ditching your team, you will also get a [[Crew_lock|Crew Lock]], which prevents you from using whichever vehicles receive the lock.

[[Category:Fleet]]
[[Category:Custom articles]]

Beginner's guide to fleet battles

2023-03-26T17:57:28Z

U120610831: /* Germany */ fixed wording

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Beginner's Guide to Naval Battles}}

Welcome to the '''Naval Battles''' mode of War Thunder! This guide will help get a player on their feet in trying out War Thunder naval warfare.

[[File:Img ship.png|x420px|frameless|right]]
__TOC__

= Getting started in War Thunder =

This section's purpose is to get the player adequately ready in jumping into a War Thunder naval battle, starting from choosing a nation towards joining a battle.

== Choosing a nation==
With six nations in the game, there are lots of starting points to choose from for the War Thunder naval career. These descriptions will cover the first impressions of each country and the trends in navy characteristics as a player progresses in the tech tree.

{{notice|Do note that these are very general descriptions of the tech tree and that individual ships present in each nation can have their own characteristics that may differ from the trends.}}

==== [[File:USA flag.png|50px|link=Category:USA_ships]] USA ====
Coming out of WW2 as the premier naval power the US Navy has a lot to offer and a great synergy with its available [[:Category:USA_aircraft|air support]].

'''Starters:'''
{{Break}}
Early US gameplay is centered around Motor Gun Boats, particularly utilizing famous Bofors and Oerlikon cannons. PT's are well-rounded boats, with no big drawbacks, but also no big advantages. Sub Chasers are much slower but also better armed than their opponents.

'''Tech Tree trends:'''
{{Break}}

==== [[File:Germany flag.png|50px|link=Category:Germany_ships]] Germany ====
Though the Kriegsmarine in WW2 was chiefly active in submarine warfare, it does not limit the variety and effectiveness of the surface fleet in War Thunder.

'''Starters:'''
{{Break}}
E-boats or ''Schnellboote'' Germany's designation for the fast attack craft, are among the common vehicles in the early research. Fast, nimble and with a plethora of armament variants the [[S-38]] and [[S-100 (1945)|S-100]] class are renowned and feared in equal measure. While the starting Reserve vehicle may be a Schnellboot itself, one must highlight the cuteness of it. Downright tiny, overall round and a plaything of the waves, the [[LS 3]] does not look like its big brethren. Yet the name is not false for the ''Light E-boat 3'' plays like the later Torpedoboats in the German Tree. Both Hit-and-Run and Ambush play can be tried and trained. Although the start is a tour de speed, many other early vessels sail in a more leisured fashion. There is a great selection of heavily armed barges and other slow boats in the tree coming in Rank II and the [[R-boot R-41|R-boots]] Minesweeper vessels here are too great learning experiences for such a playstyle.

'''Tech Tree trends:'''
{{Break}}
Later vessels tend to increase firepower, especially the flak and artillery barges in Rank II. They sit in the WW2 part of the branch, making an odd fit with the prior unlocked S-100s. Only common feature is the miniscule amount of armour protecting the crew and modules. While being Anti-Air-vessels they themself are highly succeptible to them.
The next branch in Rank II focuses more on several smaller Post WW2 vehicles. Noteworthy is the [[Jaguar-Klasse (140)|Jaguar (140)]], a continuation of the WW2 S-100 class. Otherwise following it is a pure gun boat line.

Rank III is a pure Destroyer branch (with the exception of the oddly placed [[Kanonenboot K-2|gun boat K-2]]) with a later focus on crew quantity and the mainstay of the destroyer branch the [[SKC/34 (127 mm)|12.7 cm SKC/34]]. Noteworthy is the excellent anti-air complement on all of them.

Rank IV: The German cruisers, sleek and fast ships for convoy raiding, feature impressive anti-air abilities and above average main armament. Armour itself is average though and in a citadel design, protecting engines and ammunition bunkers. Yet the mixed armour thickness design compared to All-or-Nothing approach results in many AP fuses igniting on thin armour plates for the less vital section. However, the proection against small arms, high explosives and anti-air fire is considerable. So lightly armed convoys beware.

==== [[File:USSR flag.png|50px|link=Category:USSR_ships]] USSR ====
'''Starters:'''
{{Break}}
The soviet tree begins with an unusual whaleback design, [[G-5]], a boat with the smallest overwater hit area in the game. Further on the tree is divided into 2 major branches: Motor Torpedo Boats and Gun Boats. Soviet boats are relatively slow but well-armed and fairly survivable.

'''Tech Tree trends:'''
{{Break}}

==== [[File:Britain flag.png|50px|link=Category:Britain_ships]] Britain ====
'''Starters:'''
{{Break}}
Early British ships, similarly to their US counterparts, are well-rounded units leaning towards Gun Boats. Fairmile or Isles class are larger and much slower than most of the boats in rank 1, but they're also better armed. In fact {{Specs-Link|uk_dark_class}} features the highest calibre gun of any rank 1 boat - [[8cwt QF Mk I (114 mm)|114 mm]].

'''Tech Tree trends:'''
{{Break}}

==== [[File:Japan flag.png|50px|link=Category:Japan_ships]] Japan ====
'''Starters:'''
{{Break}}
Rank 1 is largely centered on gun-centric boats, the notably weak part of the rank are {{Specs-Link|jp_abtei_pr1|Soukou-Tei}} and {{Specs-Link|jp_sehatei_mod1}}, where they have enough armour to slow them down, but not enough to protect them from nearly any ammunition belt in the game. The first branch of the research tree, with the Type T-* boats (including the reserve boat) very competitive in right hands, having a relatively small size, high mobility, and good weaponry.

'''Tech Tree trends:'''
{{Break}}
Japanese tree is very mixed, with several unusual designs, forcing players into more skill-based gameplay, than just relying on a brute force. There are also no such clear trends as with the other trees. Generally, Japanese ships have an extremely poor anti-air defense and an exceptional torpedoes.

Rank 2 is relatively short, can be passed by going through just 2 boats. Side-tree from {{Specs-Link|jp_type_11_pt_15}} onwards goes to the modern boats that require a very substantial amount of [[Research Points|RP]] to research, being recommended for more experienced players.

Rank 3 is made of torpedo-heavy destroyers, with good guns, but extremely weak anti-aircraft weaponry. [[IJN Akizuki]] is an exception for the branch, having exceptionally good anti-aircraft weaponry, not just among Japanese ships, but other destroyers as well.

Cruiser gameplay (Ranks IV and V) is mixed-bag in terms of potential, with some ships being very competitive (e.g. Mogami-class), while other relatively underpowered (e.g. [[IJN Kuma]]). Japanese cruisers, similarly to destroyers, come equipped with a very potent, long-range torpedoes, including Long Lance.



== Preparing for the first match ==
Before starting up the first naval match, it is recommended for all players to play the tutorial section in-game to be familiarized with the ship steering and damage mechanics of the game.

To enter the tutorial form the menu, go to "Battles" at the top left corner to the left of the "Community" tab. A drop down menu should appear, with "Tutorials" appearing fourth from the top. From there, the tutorial titled ''Basic tutorial course: "Motor Boat Control Basis"'' should be completed, with bonuses in currency and a crewslot added once completed.

Now, it is time to select the game mode for the match. For any newcomers, Arcade mode is recommended as there will be assist markers available for shell trajectory and automatic firing range setting that helps new players understand where their shots will go at long range, and how to lead appropriately. As experience is earned while playing the game, the player may choose to join realistic battles for a more immersed gameplay experience.

Once a mode is set, click the large, orange "To Battle!" button to join a queue for game match to be made!

For more details on the game modes for ships, [[Beginner%27s_guide_to_fleet_battles#Game_modes|click here!]]

==Fighting in the first match==
Once a match has been chosen, the map and objective will be laid out for the player.

The first thing encountered upon joining a match is a vehicle and ammo selection screen, with vehicle selection done atop and ammunition done in the center. The next thing to take note of is a map of the battlefield on the right side, where the primary objectives for the battle are shown.

Most objectives in the game rely on the capture and control of strategic points, with the game mode being called "Conquest" or "Domination" depending on the number of capture points available. These points are captured simply by moving into the bordered circle area with the enemy removed from it.

However, the ease of capturing these points may be hampered by the terrain of each map, torpedoes ''en'' route or even mines ''on'' route, not to mention the enemy vessels shooting. To avert an early demise, take time and assess the situation. The mini-map and the map screen (default key: "M") are a great help to gain '''situational awareness'''. Then start planning a route towards the target point using said mini-map.

{{Notice|The best penetrating ammunition is not necessarily the most optimal round to fight with in War Thunder, as other factors such as round type (AP, APCBC, SAP, etc.), angle of attack effect, and explosive filler are to be considered as well. Though '''A'''rmour '''P'''iercing ammunition may have a large amount of penetration potential, majority of the boats in rank 1 and 2 have no armour, and their internal ammunition racks are very unlikely to explode, even if destroyed. On the other hand '''H'''igh '''E'''xplosive shells may do little to heavily armoured parts of the ship (such as gun shields), while at the same time being far more likely to ignite enemy ships.|!}}

Once these considerations are taken into account, click any of the orange "To Battle!" buttons; the large one on the bottom right or the ones above the vehicle icon (or double-click on a vehicle icon) to spawn into the fight!

Breathing salty air and engines full speed ahead, the one thing to keep in mind is to play the objective. Because even if one side manages to knock out more total vessels than the enemy, if the foe retains the capture points, they will win by draining the ticket counter. Plus, taking these points result in a nice reward and score boost, so there's something in it for not just for the team, but for the individual!

Manoeuvring the battlefield takes skill and familiarity with the steering characteristics. Bea-lining a straight path towards the objective just allows the enemy to lead their fire with ease. Use the terrain for cover and concealment under smoke, fog, or behind hills, and allied wreckage, etc. Exploiting one's vessel speed and shift allows for steering through long range incoming fire and traversing difficult seas (river deltas, archipelago ) to get around predictable routes, catching the enemy by surprise. Prior leg work such as good positioning and team work will greatly improve one's success once entering combat.

Every encounter with an enemy, like in most player-versus-player games, is a test of wits and initiative. A good mindset to have is to not view exposure as a mere state, but rather as a conscious, active decision. Every second of exposure represents a risk one should be aware of. Try to surprise the enemies by attacking on their flanks. When you must move into an area that is watched or even under enemy control, remember to pre-aim your turrets and aim your weapon to do as much damage as you can with your first shot. This means aiming for either armament to prevent any return fire or going all in and aiming for the ammo storage.

The reward at the end of a match is largely determined by whether you have won or lost the match, and the outcome of the match is largely determined by who possesses the capture points. This, coupled with the fact that a point capture carries a higher reward than destroying an enemy, means capturing points is a first priority. Even having more targets destroyed and losing can net a smaller result than less targets destroyed and winning.

Congratulations! You have experienced your first naval match in War Thunder (or at least one that you have a good awareness on what's actually happening). However, there's more to War Thunder than just blasting away at the enemy.

==After the first match==
Now that you know how to fight and win battles, it is now time to use that experience to advance your placement in the tech tree you have chosen.

As more battles are fought, research points are earned towards upgrading the ship and progressing the tech tree. We'll relay how to do each step here.

===Upgrades===
Upgrading ship comes down to two factors, unlocking modifications for the modules and training the crew.

====Modules and modifications====
{{main|Modifications}}

In the menu, there is the option to unlock modifications for the vessel in question. These are divided into three categories: Seakeeping, Unsinkability, and Firepower. Seakeeping upgrades the engine maintenance, propeller replacement, and dry-docking. Unsinkability upgrades survivability potential with repairs, fire extinguishers, and shrapnel protection. Firepower upgrades turret characteristics, accuracy, and unlocks new ammunition to be used. These are researched and unlocked one by one, and as the criteria is met, the next tier of modifications can be unlocked to further enhance the ship.

In any ship, it is recommended to always focus on unlocking these two modifications, which happen to both be in the protection column.

* ''Tool Set'' — This is due to otherwise being unable to repair critical modules on the battlefield. By default, only track damage could be repaired anywhere on the battlefield and repairs can be done on captured points. However, repairs to critical modules such as the gun, turret, transmission, and engine would be impossible away from a captured point without the ''Parts'' modification.
* ''Fire Protection System'' (referred to as ''"FPE"'' by the community) is very important for combat survival as these are the most viable way to extinguish ship fires (outside of sinking to the ocean floor). Without this, a simple fire will slowly chip away at module health, eventually leading to ammo combustion that will knock out the vessel from the game.

Past these, the priority of modifications to upgrade can vary from different ships and should be consulted on individual vessel pages on which modules are more important to research.

====Crew skills====
{{main|Crew skills}}

Arguably one of the least looked at part of vessel upgrades, crew skills can play a big role in the firepower and survivability. Unlike modifications, the training of a crew are specific to the crew slot in the line-up and can be transferable to any boat the crew is using (except "Expert" and "Ace" status, these are ship and crew specific).

Crew information can be reached on the left drop-right menu on the screen with the middle button for the selected crew (under "Vehicle Information" and above the "Favourite Achievements" button). From here, "Crew Training" would direct the player to a screen that would show the following tabs:

[[File:CrewSkills-Fleet-DamageControl-FireExtinguishing.jpg|x200px|thumb|right|The crew training page, where upgrades in the Damage control's fire extinguishing skill shows an appreciable benefit.]]

* Ship commander
* Observers
* Engine room
* Gunners
* Damage control
* Logistical services
* Qualification

Each have their own unique skills to help enhance the ship in their role. Upgrading each trait in a crew tab with the earned Crew XP Points would add a 0.5 point to the overall crew level. Each skill that can be upgraded is detailed more on the [[Crew skills|crew skills]] page.

Once a certain crew level is reached with crew upgrades, they can enter "Qualification" to become enhanced to one specific ship. The first stage would be "Expert" which adds 3 point to every crew skill for the cost of several Silver Lions {{Sl}}. The impact can be quite noticeable once put into a match.

After an "Expert" qualification is gained, the next step past a maxed out "Expert" crew is the "Ace" status, which enhances the reward to an additional 5 point to every crew skill. However, earning this status is much harder and requires either Golden Eagles {{Ge}} or a huge amount of experiences to achieve.

===Progression===
Upon selecting your preferred tech tree, you will then being the gradual process of unlocking, researching, and purchasing shipss down a column to progress towards the next vessel type.

Progression is restricted by two factors in the tech tree, vehicle unlock criteria per rank and ship branch connection. Each rank past the first has a criteria of the number of ships that must be researched and purchased before the next rank's vehicles could be researched. Ships are then linked via an arrow branching from one vessel to the next. These arrows indicate that the prior ship must be researched before the next ship could be researched, and purchased before the next ship could be purchased.

Ships restricted from being researched are noted by being under a dark red overlay, with indications that the vessel is locked.

====Matchmaking====
{{main|Matchmaker|Battle ratings}}

While ranks are important for progression, they are not the deciding factor on what types of battles you enter.

Matchmaking in the game is solely based on [[Battle_ratings|battle ratings]], which are indicated by a numerical value on the lower right corner of a vehicle box (or on top of a stat card). The rank of a vehicle does not play a part in this matchmaking process, and so a rank II vessel can be evenly matched with a rank III vehicle if both have the same battle rating.

Matchmaking in naval battles is sorted by the highest battle rating in the line-up and then battling against enemies within a battle rating range of ± 1.0. For example, a player enters a battle with a line-up with a maximum battle rating of 2.3, causing the player to join a match potentially between 1.3 to 3.3 in battle ratings. This is further divided into groups separated by a value of 1.0, so matches would consist of vehicles in the 1.3-2.3, 1.7-2.7, 2.0-3.0 and 2.3-3.3 vehicles. This develops into the concepts of "uptier" and "downtier" as coined by the community, where "uptier" would be placing the 2.3 line-up in a 2.3-3.3 match, while a "downtier" would be in a 1.3-2.3 match.

Always consult the statistics cards for ships when creating a line up. Also remember that every vehicle have a different battle ranking and stats card in different game modes. To change which stats card you are looking at, simply click on the mode view option at the bottom right of the research tree.

= Advanced considerations =
Aside from turning that diamond-shape symbol on the capture point into a blue color and destroying enemy vessels, there are more intricate details to cover when detailing how to play the game more deeply than shoot-and-scoot.

==Vehicle usage==
Here we detail the typical usage of each vehicle type in a battle.

{{notice|It should be pointed out that when choosing a vehicle to load into a battle, not every ship in the game is optimal for every situation. For example, it would probably be unwise to spawn in a slow Gun Boat when the last objective is six miles out and five minutes before match ends. A quicker Torpedo Boat may be less armed but could still arrive in time for a capture.

These situations are the reason why a diverse line up is usually good, as you cannot predict what map or match you will get, so the naval line up has to be suitable for most/all maps. In addition, later into the game, the second, third, and proceeding vehicles you choose can impact the game. If your team needs to quickly capture the "A" point to avoid a loss, you want a fast-moving vehicle to get there quickly to stop the "ticket bleed".}}

Without further ado, here's a general "doctrine" on how each ship type are to perform on the battlefield.
=== Boats ===
Boats are contained within ranks 1 and 2.
==== Torpedo Boats ====
Usually fast, agile, their largest damage-dealer are torpedoes, though they do have additional guns. Torpedoes will kill anything up to a destroyer with a single hit, and even with destroyers, an impact near the ammunition storage or simply: a destroyer with an already killed-off crew, will sink them instantly.
==== Gun Boats ====
===== Motor Gun Boats =====
An equivalent of Motor Torpedo Boats, only primarily focused on guns. They tend to be small, fast, agile, heavily armed, but missing torpedoes or depth charges. If they're slow - they tend to be more heavily armed.
===== Armoured Gun Boats =====
Slower, but armoured gun boats. They usually carry heavier weaponry for the size than their more mobile cousins.

The usefulness of armour on boats is very limited, as even 6.5mm machine guns can penetrate 20 mm armour at 500 m with tracer rounds, and realistically most boats carry much heavier machine guns or straight on cannons that can easily pierce through anything a boat can feasibly carry. Moreover: armoured boats will still ignite on fire when hit with HE rounds. Armour is useful primarily against shallow angle or long-range hits.
===== Sub Chaser =====
Gun-heavy boats equipped with depth charge throwers. Usually much larger than the Torpedo Boats or Motor Gun Boats
===== Barges =====
Barges are extremely slow, but heavily armed and highly survivable units. They are a bane of low-altitude bombers and fighters, creating a no-fly zone for the enemy, and at the same time, they're more than able to take down any hostile boat. Their biggest flaw is mobility, which means that not only they rarely manage to venture far from the spawn point, but also they're very prone to torpedoes and bombs, having little chance of changing direction or speed in time to avoid hitting.
=== Friage ===
Frigates are a middle-ground between Destroyers and Boats. They tend to be post-war designs, within rank II. Unlike boats, they have modifications that are typical for the capital ships, they're also able to engage targets at longer distances and using wider, or more modern range of weaponry. Still, though, frigates are relatively prone to damage and are easily outgunned in a straight gunfire with any destroyer.
==== Gunboat ====
The distinction between Gunboat and a Frigate in-game is unclear. Frigates tend to be historically newer designs, however there are exceptions.
=== Destroyers ===
Gameplay in destroyers differs vastly from boats. 4 km is considered close-range, with ship firing often at ~10 km range, torpedoes increase in importance, positioning and long-term prediction of enemy movements become essential for successful gameplay. Destroyers are slow, heavily armed, often featuring Primary, Auxiliary, Anti-Aircraft guns, torpedoes and depth charges at the same time. Destroyers, however, tend to be unarmoured and are relatively large, slow targets, making for a good target for enemy torpedoes and guns alike.

Destroyers begin at rank III.
=== Cruisers ===
Cruisers are rank IV and V warships. Gameplay again differs from Destroyers, with ranges increasing even further, main gun calibre going up to above 140 mm, secondary armament turning from machine guns to medium and large-calibre cannons, and torpedoes decreasing in importance due to a very high range involved. Also, cruisers are the first class to have an armoured citadel as standard and have a much higher crew count, allowing them to easily win a 1 on 1 gunfight with any destroyer. That said though, cruisers are longer, slower, and less manoeuvrable than Destroyers. Cruisers also tend to carry floatplanes, however, those are not usable in-game.
===== Light Cruisers =====
Typically armed with ≈150 mm/≈6 inch main guns and a medium calibre secondary weapons. They typically can fight off even 2 destroyers in straight gunfire, however, they are prone to Heavy Cruisers and torpedo strikes. There's a significant variation in light cruisers, where even pre-World War 1 designs can be found, such as [[Krasny Krym]], laid down in 1913.
===== Heavy Cruisers =====
Currently the heaviest playable warships, Heavy Cruisers typically come armed with ≈200 mm/≈8 inch main guns and ≈120 mm/≈5 inch secondaries. They have the firepower to take down destroyers purely with AI gunners on the secondary and anti-aircraft armament. They also tend to feature significant anti-aircraft weaponry, including high-calibre guns that can reach bombers even at 3 km altitude. They are true behemoths... but their size is as much of an advantage as it is an issue. An increase in firepower does not come with a proportional increase in armour, and given their large size and a significant threat they pose - they bring the attention of multiple ships, often dying a death by a thousand cuts, not to mention an entire torpedo spreads set up by ambitious destroyers.

===Aircraft===
Aircraft in naval battles, whether unlocked through the point system in Arcade Battles or player-owned in Realistic Battles, can help give the team an edge with supplementary air power in a combined-arms role. These too are separated into roles of emphasis in naval battles.

* ''Fighters'' should primarily be focused on protecting the air space against enemy aircraft that come in to intercept friendly aircraft or attack sea units. The best strategy to destroy enemy planes is to gain a higher altitude than them, then dive and shoot them down. If no enemy planes are present, strafing the enemy naval units to harass them also fits fighter duty, but the most important role you can be is act as an aerial reconnaissance for your team, relaying where each enemy is on the map. Staying at a high altitude or taking evasive manoeuvres would be necessary if an enemy vessel opens with dedicated anti-air fire.
** Alternatively, fighters can be armed with bombs and rockets in a ''Fighter-bomber'' role to attack sea units. Note that this sacrifices the plane's ability to fight other aircraft so long as these armaments are on the aircraft, and the aircraft's performance in this role varies as they are able to take a very limited tonnage of bombs, requiring very precise hits, preferable from multiple bombs.
* ''Attackers'' and ''Dive-bombers'' should both focus on targeting individual sea units and eliminating them with either cannon-armaments on the aircraft or the available bombs and rockets.
** ''Attackers'' come in at a low altitude with their relatively armoured airframe to get better accuracy onto target. Due to their low altitude of attack, equipped bombs should be set on delay to avoid the bomb blast and shrapnel on the ground from affecting the aircraft.
** ''Dive-bombers'' rely on coming in from a high altitude towards the ground to directly deliver a bomb onto target. Air-brakes are available on most of these aircraft to help slow down the dive to allow for an easier adjustment of aim and also to be easier to pull up from the dive.
* ''Bombers'' are more preferred for a carpet-bombing of an area to eliminate the enemy. These should be retained at high altitude to avoid anti-aircraft fire as most bombers lack the manoeuvrability owing to their size from dodging enemy fire.


==Game modes==
Should you wish for more excitement in your game play, there are other modes to try out with their own perks!

{{notice|Simulator Battles features are assumed to also match Realistic Battle's unless stated otherwise.}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="3" | Naval Forces - Features by Game Mode
|-
! Arcade (AB) !! Realistic (RB) !! Simulator (SB) not yet in-game
|-
|
* Rangefinder always enabled
* 3D markers indicate enemy and friendly vehicles and range
* Scoreboard shows vehicle composition of both teams
* Engine power is enhanced
* No player-owned aircraft - only selected match spawns available
* Limited to three spawns
|
* No aim or penetration indicator available
* Manual rangefinder
* 3D markers indicate only friendly vehicles
* Scoreboard shows vehicle composition of only player's team
* Engine power matches real life specifications
* Player aircraft can be brought in and used
* Spawn using "Respawn Points" earned through contributing actions in the match
|
|-
|}

As mentioned earlier, the Arcade Battle mode is the recommended starter mode since it is forgiving to beginners with assists in firepower (aim and range indicators) and mobility (enhanced engine power) to help be familiarized around the mechanics of the game. Once comfortable with the game, Realistic Battles can be considered for further immersion into the War Thunder battles. Realistic battles, owing to their more complicated game style, also offer enhanced rewards after a battle.

=Other tips for beginners=
There is a lot of things to learn about War Thunder, so much so that all other tips are placed here! Here are some tips we can give you if you're still new to War Thunder Naval Battles and want some advice, or for ideas on how to fight certain vehicles.

* Mastering the different camera viewpoints is vital to naval battles:
** '''Gunner view''', named ''Sniper mode'' in the controls option, is necessary to make accurate shots at long-distance targets or to hit weak spots.
** '''Binoculars''' in the controls option, is necessary to gain an overview without moving or de-aiming your turrets.
** '''Turret view''', which is the zoomed-in exterior (third-person) view, useful for close-quarter combat (especially on archipelago maps).
* '''''Use your binoculars''', it's free''. This [[Hints|in-game hint]] points at a major element of ''Naval Forces'': spotting enemies before they spot you. Being able to surprise enemies to land the first hit is the best way to win a fight.
* The '''[[Towing|towing hook]]''' (default keybind: 0) actually works pretty well if you respect these two rules:
** '''Point of attachment''': if you want to roll and right a vessel back on its keel, attach the hook at the top (aiming with the mouse and pressing the hook key), then sail perpendicular to its hull. The goal is to ''pull'' the top of the ship, not ''drag'' the bottom across the sea floor or sand bank.
*Do not leave a battle if you can still respawn. Not only will you be ditching your team, you will also get a [[Crew_lock|Crew Lock]], which prevents you from using whichever vehicles receive the lock.

[[Category:Fleet]]
[[Category:Custom articles]]

Beginner's guide to fleet battles

2023-03-26T17:56:04Z

U120610831: /* USA */ I'm pretty sure this was supposed to be drawbacks vs advantages

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Beginner's Guide to Naval Battles}}

Welcome to the '''Naval Battles''' mode of War Thunder! This guide will help get a player on their feet in trying out War Thunder naval warfare.

[[File:Img ship.png|x420px|frameless|right]]
__TOC__

= Getting started in War Thunder =

This section's purpose is to get the player adequately ready in jumping into a War Thunder naval battle, starting from choosing a nation towards joining a battle.

== Choosing a nation==
With six nations in the game, there are lots of starting points to choose from for the War Thunder naval career. These descriptions will cover the first impressions of each country and the trends in navy characteristics as a player progresses in the tech tree.

{{notice|Do note that these are very general descriptions of the tech tree and that individual ships present in each nation can have their own characteristics that may differ from the trends.}}

==== [[File:USA flag.png|50px|link=Category:USA_ships]] USA ====
Coming out of WW2 as the premier naval power the US Navy has a lot to offer and a great synergy with its available [[:Category:USA_aircraft|air support]].

'''Starters:'''
{{Break}}
Early US gameplay is centered around Motor Gun Boats, particularly utilizing famous Bofors and Oerlikon cannons. PT's are well-rounded boats, with no big drawbacks, but also no big advantages. Sub Chasers are much slower but also better armed than their opponents.

'''Tech Tree trends:'''
{{Break}}

==== [[File:Germany flag.png|50px|link=Category:Germany_ships]] Germany ====
Though the Kriegsmarine in WW2 was chiefly active in submarine warfare, it does not limit the variety and effectiveness of the surface fleet in War Thunder.

'''Starters:'''
{{Break}}
E-boats or ''Schnellboote'' Germany's designation for the fast attack craft, are among the common vehicles in the early research. Fast, nimble and with a plethora of armament variants the [[S-38]] and [[S-100 (1945)|S-100]] class are renowned and feared in equal measure. While the starting Reserve vehicle may be a Schnellboot itself, one must highlight the cuteness of it. Downright tiny, overall round and a plaything of the waves, the [[LS 3]] does not look like its big brethren. Yet the name is not false for the ''Light E-boat 3'' plays like the later Torpedoboats in the German Tree. Both Hit-and-Run and Ambush play can be tried and trained. Although the start is a tour de speed, many other early vessels sail in a more leisured fashion. There is a great selection of heavily armed barges and other slow boats in the tree coming in Rank II and the [[R-boot R-41|R-boots]] Minesweeper vessels here are too great learning experiences for such a playstyle.

'''Tech Tree trends:'''
{{Break}}
Later vessels tend to increase firepower, especially the flak and artillery barges in Rank II. They sit in the WW2 part of the branch, making an odd fit with the prior unlocked S-100s. Only common feature is the miniscule amount of armour protecting the crew and modules. While being Anti-Air-vessels they themself are highly succeptible to them.
The next branch in Rank II focuses more on several smaller Post WW2 vehicles. Noteworthy is the [[Jaguar-Klasse (140)|Jaguar (140)]], a continuation of the WW2 S-100 class. Otherwise following it is a pure gun boat line.

Rank III is a pure Destroyer branch (with the exception of the oddly placed [[Kanonenboot K-2|gun boat K-2]]) with a later focus on crew quantity and the mainstain of the destroyer branch the [[SKC/34 (127 mm)|12.7 cm SKC/34]]. Noteworthy is the excellent anti-air complement on all of them.

Rank IV: The German cruisers, sleak and fast ships for convoy raiding, feature impressive anti-air abilities and above average main armament. Armour itself is average though and in a citadel design, protecting engines and ammunition bunkers. Yet the mixed armour thickness design compared to All-or-Nothing approach results in many AP fuses igniting on thin armour plates for the less vital section. However, the proection against small arms, high explosives and anti-air fire is considerable. So lightly armed convoys beware.

==== [[File:USSR flag.png|50px|link=Category:USSR_ships]] USSR ====
'''Starters:'''
{{Break}}
The soviet tree begins with an unusual whaleback design, [[G-5]], a boat with the smallest overwater hit area in the game. Further on the tree is divided into 2 major branches: Motor Torpedo Boats and Gun Boats. Soviet boats are relatively slow but well-armed and fairly survivable.

'''Tech Tree trends:'''
{{Break}}

==== [[File:Britain flag.png|50px|link=Category:Britain_ships]] Britain ====
'''Starters:'''
{{Break}}
Early British ships, similarly to their US counterparts, are well-rounded units leaning towards Gun Boats. Fairmile or Isles class are larger and much slower than most of the boats in rank 1, but they're also better armed. In fact {{Specs-Link|uk_dark_class}} features the highest calibre gun of any rank 1 boat - [[8cwt QF Mk I (114 mm)|114 mm]].

'''Tech Tree trends:'''
{{Break}}

==== [[File:Japan flag.png|50px|link=Category:Japan_ships]] Japan ====
'''Starters:'''
{{Break}}
Rank 1 is largely centered on gun-centric boats, the notably weak part of the rank are {{Specs-Link|jp_abtei_pr1|Soukou-Tei}} and {{Specs-Link|jp_sehatei_mod1}}, where they have enough armour to slow them down, but not enough to protect them from nearly any ammunition belt in the game. The first branch of the research tree, with the Type T-* boats (including the reserve boat) very competitive in right hands, having a relatively small size, high mobility, and good weaponry.

'''Tech Tree trends:'''
{{Break}}
Japanese tree is very mixed, with several unusual designs, forcing players into more skill-based gameplay, than just relying on a brute force. There are also no such clear trends as with the other trees. Generally, Japanese ships have an extremely poor anti-air defense and an exceptional torpedoes.

Rank 2 is relatively short, can be passed by going through just 2 boats. Side-tree from {{Specs-Link|jp_type_11_pt_15}} onwards goes to the modern boats that require a very substantial amount of [[Research Points|RP]] to research, being recommended for more experienced players.

Rank 3 is made of torpedo-heavy destroyers, with good guns, but extremely weak anti-aircraft weaponry. [[IJN Akizuki]] is an exception for the branch, having exceptionally good anti-aircraft weaponry, not just among Japanese ships, but other destroyers as well.

Cruiser gameplay (Ranks IV and V) is mixed-bag in terms of potential, with some ships being very competitive (e.g. Mogami-class), while other relatively underpowered (e.g. [[IJN Kuma]]). Japanese cruisers, similarly to destroyers, come equipped with a very potent, long-range torpedoes, including Long Lance.



== Preparing for the first match ==
Before starting up the first naval match, it is recommended for all players to play the tutorial section in-game to be familiarized with the ship steering and damage mechanics of the game.

To enter the tutorial form the menu, go to "Battles" at the top left corner to the left of the "Community" tab. A drop down menu should appear, with "Tutorials" appearing fourth from the top. From there, the tutorial titled ''Basic tutorial course: "Motor Boat Control Basis"'' should be completed, with bonuses in currency and a crewslot added once completed.

Now, it is time to select the game mode for the match. For any newcomers, Arcade mode is recommended as there will be assist markers available for shell trajectory and automatic firing range setting that helps new players understand where their shots will go at long range, and how to lead appropriately. As experience is earned while playing the game, the player may choose to join realistic battles for a more immersed gameplay experience.

Once a mode is set, click the large, orange "To Battle!" button to join a queue for game match to be made!

For more details on the game modes for ships, [[Beginner%27s_guide_to_fleet_battles#Game_modes|click here!]]

==Fighting in the first match==
Once a match has been chosen, the map and objective will be laid out for the player.

The first thing encountered upon joining a match is a vehicle and ammo selection screen, with vehicle selection done atop and ammunition done in the center. The next thing to take note of is a map of the battlefield on the right side, where the primary objectives for the battle are shown.

Most objectives in the game rely on the capture and control of strategic points, with the game mode being called "Conquest" or "Domination" depending on the number of capture points available. These points are captured simply by moving into the bordered circle area with the enemy removed from it.

However, the ease of capturing these points may be hampered by the terrain of each map, torpedoes ''en'' route or even mines ''on'' route, not to mention the enemy vessels shooting. To avert an early demise, take time and assess the situation. The mini-map and the map screen (default key: "M") are a great help to gain '''situational awareness'''. Then start planning a route towards the target point using said mini-map.

{{Notice|The best penetrating ammunition is not necessarily the most optimal round to fight with in War Thunder, as other factors such as round type (AP, APCBC, SAP, etc.), angle of attack effect, and explosive filler are to be considered as well. Though '''A'''rmour '''P'''iercing ammunition may have a large amount of penetration potential, majority of the boats in rank 1 and 2 have no armour, and their internal ammunition racks are very unlikely to explode, even if destroyed. On the other hand '''H'''igh '''E'''xplosive shells may do little to heavily armoured parts of the ship (such as gun shields), while at the same time being far more likely to ignite enemy ships.|!}}

Once these considerations are taken into account, click any of the orange "To Battle!" buttons; the large one on the bottom right or the ones above the vehicle icon (or double-click on a vehicle icon) to spawn into the fight!

Breathing salty air and engines full speed ahead, the one thing to keep in mind is to play the objective. Because even if one side manages to knock out more total vessels than the enemy, if the foe retains the capture points, they will win by draining the ticket counter. Plus, taking these points result in a nice reward and score boost, so there's something in it for not just for the team, but for the individual!

Manoeuvring the battlefield takes skill and familiarity with the steering characteristics. Bea-lining a straight path towards the objective just allows the enemy to lead their fire with ease. Use the terrain for cover and concealment under smoke, fog, or behind hills, and allied wreckage, etc. Exploiting one's vessel speed and shift allows for steering through long range incoming fire and traversing difficult seas (river deltas, archipelago ) to get around predictable routes, catching the enemy by surprise. Prior leg work such as good positioning and team work will greatly improve one's success once entering combat.

Every encounter with an enemy, like in most player-versus-player games, is a test of wits and initiative. A good mindset to have is to not view exposure as a mere state, but rather as a conscious, active decision. Every second of exposure represents a risk one should be aware of. Try to surprise the enemies by attacking on their flanks. When you must move into an area that is watched or even under enemy control, remember to pre-aim your turrets and aim your weapon to do as much damage as you can with your first shot. This means aiming for either armament to prevent any return fire or going all in and aiming for the ammo storage.

The reward at the end of a match is largely determined by whether you have won or lost the match, and the outcome of the match is largely determined by who possesses the capture points. This, coupled with the fact that a point capture carries a higher reward than destroying an enemy, means capturing points is a first priority. Even having more targets destroyed and losing can net a smaller result than less targets destroyed and winning.

Congratulations! You have experienced your first naval match in War Thunder (or at least one that you have a good awareness on what's actually happening). However, there's more to War Thunder than just blasting away at the enemy.

==After the first match==
Now that you know how to fight and win battles, it is now time to use that experience to advance your placement in the tech tree you have chosen.

As more battles are fought, research points are earned towards upgrading the ship and progressing the tech tree. We'll relay how to do each step here.

===Upgrades===
Upgrading ship comes down to two factors, unlocking modifications for the modules and training the crew.

====Modules and modifications====
{{main|Modifications}}

In the menu, there is the option to unlock modifications for the vessel in question. These are divided into three categories: Seakeeping, Unsinkability, and Firepower. Seakeeping upgrades the engine maintenance, propeller replacement, and dry-docking. Unsinkability upgrades survivability potential with repairs, fire extinguishers, and shrapnel protection. Firepower upgrades turret characteristics, accuracy, and unlocks new ammunition to be used. These are researched and unlocked one by one, and as the criteria is met, the next tier of modifications can be unlocked to further enhance the ship.

In any ship, it is recommended to always focus on unlocking these two modifications, which happen to both be in the protection column.

* ''Tool Set'' — This is due to otherwise being unable to repair critical modules on the battlefield. By default, only track damage could be repaired anywhere on the battlefield and repairs can be done on captured points. However, repairs to critical modules such as the gun, turret, transmission, and engine would be impossible away from a captured point without the ''Parts'' modification.
* ''Fire Protection System'' (referred to as ''"FPE"'' by the community) is very important for combat survival as these are the most viable way to extinguish ship fires (outside of sinking to the ocean floor). Without this, a simple fire will slowly chip away at module health, eventually leading to ammo combustion that will knock out the vessel from the game.

Past these, the priority of modifications to upgrade can vary from different ships and should be consulted on individual vessel pages on which modules are more important to research.

====Crew skills====
{{main|Crew skills}}

Arguably one of the least looked at part of vessel upgrades, crew skills can play a big role in the firepower and survivability. Unlike modifications, the training of a crew are specific to the crew slot in the line-up and can be transferable to any boat the crew is using (except "Expert" and "Ace" status, these are ship and crew specific).

Crew information can be reached on the left drop-right menu on the screen with the middle button for the selected crew (under "Vehicle Information" and above the "Favourite Achievements" button). From here, "Crew Training" would direct the player to a screen that would show the following tabs:

[[File:CrewSkills-Fleet-DamageControl-FireExtinguishing.jpg|x200px|thumb|right|The crew training page, where upgrades in the Damage control's fire extinguishing skill shows an appreciable benefit.]]

* Ship commander
* Observers
* Engine room
* Gunners
* Damage control
* Logistical services
* Qualification

Each have their own unique skills to help enhance the ship in their role. Upgrading each trait in a crew tab with the earned Crew XP Points would add a 0.5 point to the overall crew level. Each skill that can be upgraded is detailed more on the [[Crew skills|crew skills]] page.

Once a certain crew level is reached with crew upgrades, they can enter "Qualification" to become enhanced to one specific ship. The first stage would be "Expert" which adds 3 point to every crew skill for the cost of several Silver Lions {{Sl}}. The impact can be quite noticeable once put into a match.

After an "Expert" qualification is gained, the next step past a maxed out "Expert" crew is the "Ace" status, which enhances the reward to an additional 5 point to every crew skill. However, earning this status is much harder and requires either Golden Eagles {{Ge}} or a huge amount of experiences to achieve.

===Progression===
Upon selecting your preferred tech tree, you will then being the gradual process of unlocking, researching, and purchasing shipss down a column to progress towards the next vessel type.

Progression is restricted by two factors in the tech tree, vehicle unlock criteria per rank and ship branch connection. Each rank past the first has a criteria of the number of ships that must be researched and purchased before the next rank's vehicles could be researched. Ships are then linked via an arrow branching from one vessel to the next. These arrows indicate that the prior ship must be researched before the next ship could be researched, and purchased before the next ship could be purchased.

Ships restricted from being researched are noted by being under a dark red overlay, with indications that the vessel is locked.

====Matchmaking====
{{main|Matchmaker|Battle ratings}}

While ranks are important for progression, they are not the deciding factor on what types of battles you enter.

Matchmaking in the game is solely based on [[Battle_ratings|battle ratings]], which are indicated by a numerical value on the lower right corner of a vehicle box (or on top of a stat card). The rank of a vehicle does not play a part in this matchmaking process, and so a rank II vessel can be evenly matched with a rank III vehicle if both have the same battle rating.

Matchmaking in naval battles is sorted by the highest battle rating in the line-up and then battling against enemies within a battle rating range of ± 1.0. For example, a player enters a battle with a line-up with a maximum battle rating of 2.3, causing the player to join a match potentially between 1.3 to 3.3 in battle ratings. This is further divided into groups separated by a value of 1.0, so matches would consist of vehicles in the 1.3-2.3, 1.7-2.7, 2.0-3.0 and 2.3-3.3 vehicles. This develops into the concepts of "uptier" and "downtier" as coined by the community, where "uptier" would be placing the 2.3 line-up in a 2.3-3.3 match, while a "downtier" would be in a 1.3-2.3 match.

Always consult the statistics cards for ships when creating a line up. Also remember that every vehicle have a different battle ranking and stats card in different game modes. To change which stats card you are looking at, simply click on the mode view option at the bottom right of the research tree.

= Advanced considerations =
Aside from turning that diamond-shape symbol on the capture point into a blue color and destroying enemy vessels, there are more intricate details to cover when detailing how to play the game more deeply than shoot-and-scoot.

==Vehicle usage==
Here we detail the typical usage of each vehicle type in a battle.

{{notice|It should be pointed out that when choosing a vehicle to load into a battle, not every ship in the game is optimal for every situation. For example, it would probably be unwise to spawn in a slow Gun Boat when the last objective is six miles out and five minutes before match ends. A quicker Torpedo Boat may be less armed but could still arrive in time for a capture.

These situations are the reason why a diverse line up is usually good, as you cannot predict what map or match you will get, so the naval line up has to be suitable for most/all maps. In addition, later into the game, the second, third, and proceeding vehicles you choose can impact the game. If your team needs to quickly capture the "A" point to avoid a loss, you want a fast-moving vehicle to get there quickly to stop the "ticket bleed".}}

Without further ado, here's a general "doctrine" on how each ship type are to perform on the battlefield.
=== Boats ===
Boats are contained within ranks 1 and 2.
==== Torpedo Boats ====
Usually fast, agile, their largest damage-dealer are torpedoes, though they do have additional guns. Torpedoes will kill anything up to a destroyer with a single hit, and even with destroyers, an impact near the ammunition storage or simply: a destroyer with an already killed-off crew, will sink them instantly.
==== Gun Boats ====
===== Motor Gun Boats =====
An equivalent of Motor Torpedo Boats, only primarily focused on guns. They tend to be small, fast, agile, heavily armed, but missing torpedoes or depth charges. If they're slow - they tend to be more heavily armed.
===== Armoured Gun Boats =====
Slower, but armoured gun boats. They usually carry heavier weaponry for the size than their more mobile cousins.

The usefulness of armour on boats is very limited, as even 6.5mm machine guns can penetrate 20 mm armour at 500 m with tracer rounds, and realistically most boats carry much heavier machine guns or straight on cannons that can easily pierce through anything a boat can feasibly carry. Moreover: armoured boats will still ignite on fire when hit with HE rounds. Armour is useful primarily against shallow angle or long-range hits.
===== Sub Chaser =====
Gun-heavy boats equipped with depth charge throwers. Usually much larger than the Torpedo Boats or Motor Gun Boats
===== Barges =====
Barges are extremely slow, but heavily armed and highly survivable units. They are a bane of low-altitude bombers and fighters, creating a no-fly zone for the enemy, and at the same time, they're more than able to take down any hostile boat. Their biggest flaw is mobility, which means that not only they rarely manage to venture far from the spawn point, but also they're very prone to torpedoes and bombs, having little chance of changing direction or speed in time to avoid hitting.
=== Friage ===
Frigates are a middle-ground between Destroyers and Boats. They tend to be post-war designs, within rank II. Unlike boats, they have modifications that are typical for the capital ships, they're also able to engage targets at longer distances and using wider, or more modern range of weaponry. Still, though, frigates are relatively prone to damage and are easily outgunned in a straight gunfire with any destroyer.
==== Gunboat ====
The distinction between Gunboat and a Frigate in-game is unclear. Frigates tend to be historically newer designs, however there are exceptions.
=== Destroyers ===
Gameplay in destroyers differs vastly from boats. 4 km is considered close-range, with ship firing often at ~10 km range, torpedoes increase in importance, positioning and long-term prediction of enemy movements become essential for successful gameplay. Destroyers are slow, heavily armed, often featuring Primary, Auxiliary, Anti-Aircraft guns, torpedoes and depth charges at the same time. Destroyers, however, tend to be unarmoured and are relatively large, slow targets, making for a good target for enemy torpedoes and guns alike.

Destroyers begin at rank III.
=== Cruisers ===
Cruisers are rank IV and V warships. Gameplay again differs from Destroyers, with ranges increasing even further, main gun calibre going up to above 140 mm, secondary armament turning from machine guns to medium and large-calibre cannons, and torpedoes decreasing in importance due to a very high range involved. Also, cruisers are the first class to have an armoured citadel as standard and have a much higher crew count, allowing them to easily win a 1 on 1 gunfight with any destroyer. That said though, cruisers are longer, slower, and less manoeuvrable than Destroyers. Cruisers also tend to carry floatplanes, however, those are not usable in-game.
===== Light Cruisers =====
Typically armed with ≈150 mm/≈6 inch main guns and a medium calibre secondary weapons. They typically can fight off even 2 destroyers in straight gunfire, however, they are prone to Heavy Cruisers and torpedo strikes. There's a significant variation in light cruisers, where even pre-World War 1 designs can be found, such as [[Krasny Krym]], laid down in 1913.
===== Heavy Cruisers =====
Currently the heaviest playable warships, Heavy Cruisers typically come armed with ≈200 mm/≈8 inch main guns and ≈120 mm/≈5 inch secondaries. They have the firepower to take down destroyers purely with AI gunners on the secondary and anti-aircraft armament. They also tend to feature significant anti-aircraft weaponry, including high-calibre guns that can reach bombers even at 3 km altitude. They are true behemoths... but their size is as much of an advantage as it is an issue. An increase in firepower does not come with a proportional increase in armour, and given their large size and a significant threat they pose - they bring the attention of multiple ships, often dying a death by a thousand cuts, not to mention an entire torpedo spreads set up by ambitious destroyers.

===Aircraft===
Aircraft in naval battles, whether unlocked through the point system in Arcade Battles or player-owned in Realistic Battles, can help give the team an edge with supplementary air power in a combined-arms role. These too are separated into roles of emphasis in naval battles.

* ''Fighters'' should primarily be focused on protecting the air space against enemy aircraft that come in to intercept friendly aircraft or attack sea units. The best strategy to destroy enemy planes is to gain a higher altitude than them, then dive and shoot them down. If no enemy planes are present, strafing the enemy naval units to harass them also fits fighter duty, but the most important role you can be is act as an aerial reconnaissance for your team, relaying where each enemy is on the map. Staying at a high altitude or taking evasive manoeuvres would be necessary if an enemy vessel opens with dedicated anti-air fire.
** Alternatively, fighters can be armed with bombs and rockets in a ''Fighter-bomber'' role to attack sea units. Note that this sacrifices the plane's ability to fight other aircraft so long as these armaments are on the aircraft, and the aircraft's performance in this role varies as they are able to take a very limited tonnage of bombs, requiring very precise hits, preferable from multiple bombs.
* ''Attackers'' and ''Dive-bombers'' should both focus on targeting individual sea units and eliminating them with either cannon-armaments on the aircraft or the available bombs and rockets.
** ''Attackers'' come in at a low altitude with their relatively armoured airframe to get better accuracy onto target. Due to their low altitude of attack, equipped bombs should be set on delay to avoid the bomb blast and shrapnel on the ground from affecting the aircraft.
** ''Dive-bombers'' rely on coming in from a high altitude towards the ground to directly deliver a bomb onto target. Air-brakes are available on most of these aircraft to help slow down the dive to allow for an easier adjustment of aim and also to be easier to pull up from the dive.
* ''Bombers'' are more preferred for a carpet-bombing of an area to eliminate the enemy. These should be retained at high altitude to avoid anti-aircraft fire as most bombers lack the manoeuvrability owing to their size from dodging enemy fire.


==Game modes==
Should you wish for more excitement in your game play, there are other modes to try out with their own perks!

{{notice|Simulator Battles features are assumed to also match Realistic Battle's unless stated otherwise.}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="3" | Naval Forces - Features by Game Mode
|-
! Arcade (AB) !! Realistic (RB) !! Simulator (SB) not yet in-game
|-
|
* Rangefinder always enabled
* 3D markers indicate enemy and friendly vehicles and range
* Scoreboard shows vehicle composition of both teams
* Engine power is enhanced
* No player-owned aircraft - only selected match spawns available
* Limited to three spawns
|
* No aim or penetration indicator available
* Manual rangefinder
* 3D markers indicate only friendly vehicles
* Scoreboard shows vehicle composition of only player's team
* Engine power matches real life specifications
* Player aircraft can be brought in and used
* Spawn using "Respawn Points" earned through contributing actions in the match
|
|-
|}

As mentioned earlier, the Arcade Battle mode is the recommended starter mode since it is forgiving to beginners with assists in firepower (aim and range indicators) and mobility (enhanced engine power) to help be familiarized around the mechanics of the game. Once comfortable with the game, Realistic Battles can be considered for further immersion into the War Thunder battles. Realistic battles, owing to their more complicated game style, also offer enhanced rewards after a battle.

=Other tips for beginners=
There is a lot of things to learn about War Thunder, so much so that all other tips are placed here! Here are some tips we can give you if you're still new to War Thunder Naval Battles and want some advice, or for ideas on how to fight certain vehicles.

* Mastering the different camera viewpoints is vital to naval battles:
** '''Gunner view''', named ''Sniper mode'' in the controls option, is necessary to make accurate shots at long-distance targets or to hit weak spots.
** '''Binoculars''' in the controls option, is necessary to gain an overview without moving or de-aiming your turrets.
** '''Turret view''', which is the zoomed-in exterior (third-person) view, useful for close-quarter combat (especially on archipelago maps).
* '''''Use your binoculars''', it's free''. This [[Hints|in-game hint]] points at a major element of ''Naval Forces'': spotting enemies before they spot you. Being able to surprise enemies to land the first hit is the best way to win a fight.
* The '''[[Towing|towing hook]]''' (default keybind: 0) actually works pretty well if you respect these two rules:
** '''Point of attachment''': if you want to roll and right a vessel back on its keel, attach the hook at the top (aiming with the mouse and pressing the hook key), then sail perpendicular to its hull. The goal is to ''pull'' the top of the ship, not ''drag'' the bottom across the sea floor or sand bank.
*Do not leave a battle if you can still respawn. Not only will you be ditching your team, you will also get a [[Crew_lock|Crew Lock]], which prevents you from using whichever vehicles receive the lock.

[[Category:Fleet]]
[[Category:Custom articles]]

M.B.175T

2023-03-16T00:29:46Z

U120610831: /* History */ Brief historical note based on the English Wikipedia page

{{Specs-Card
|code=mb_175t
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.83 "Masters of the Sea"]].

Although called a "bomber", with its hard-hitting armament of two 20mm [[MG 151/20 (20 mm)|MG 151/20]] cannons, this plane should be used in a more aggressive role as an attacker, or even a bomber interceptor. The HVAR rockets and the MG 151/20s make it a perfect counter to the much-feared [[BV 238]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,780)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 425 || 410 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.0 || 27.7 || 4.7 || 4.7 || rowspan="2" | 650
|-
! Upgraded
| 479 || 450 || 25.2 || 26.0|| 12.4 || 7.9
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 330 || 317 || 260 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 325 || < 200 || < 480 || > 180
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 2,900 m || 970 hp || 1,227 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 10 mm steel plate: pilot headset
* Self-sealing fuel tanks: inner & middle wings

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|MG 151/20 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm MG 151/20 cannons, wing-mounted (200 rpg = 400 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|F5W|HVAR}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 12 x HVAR rockets
* 1 x F5W torpedo

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|MG 151/20 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon, dorsal turret (250 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Not controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Combined || rowspan="2" | Not controllable 1 gear || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has air brakes
* Quite manoeuvrable for its size
* 12 x HVAR rockets as basic payload
* Armed with two powerful 20 mm MG 151 with a large ammo pool for each
* One 20 mm MG 151/20 defensive turret to easily deal with enemies in its shooting range

'''Cons:'''

* MG 151/20 is mounted in the wings far off the fuselage, requires adjustment of convergence for accurate hits on enemy
* Turret is only good for enemies above the aircraft; large blindside due to plane's twin rudders
* Flaps have a rather low speed limit before they tear off
* Gunner is exposed
* Does not have a ventral gunner, making it vulnerable to attacks from under

== History ==
The final evolution of the Bloch MB.170 line, the MB.175T is a 1947 adaptation for torpedo bombing purposes. It served with the ''Aéronavale'' (French naval aviation) until 1950. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloch_MB.170#Operational_history</ref>

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=mb_175t Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|ExA9b4wexHE|'''The Shooting Range #249''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/430078-bloch-mb175-t/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Dassault}}
{{France bombers}}

A21RB

2022-12-20T21:00:53Z

U120610831: /* Survivability and armour */ EFS added

{{About
| about = Swedish jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = J21 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_a21rb
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=Cockpit_saab_a21rb.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

The {{PAGENAME}} is a jet-powered version of the prior [[A21A-3]], giving it higher speeds and heavier ordnance.

== General info ==
[[File:A21RB Formation.png|left|thumb|300px|Two {{PAGENAME}} flying in formation]]
The {{PAGENAME}} is a highly manoeuvrable plane, with a good climb rate. The guns, although a downgrade compared to the 13.2 mm MGs from the previous propeller-driven version, still provide enough firepower to down most targets efficiently. The {{PAGENAME}} is also the first to feature the iconic "Paddan" gunpod, giving it additional lead downrange. Along with central-mounted rockets, the plane is comfortable in both Air Realistic and Ground Realistic battles. The only downside is the airframe, which prevents the aircraft from reaching higher speeds. This is due to the engine being a bit too powerful for the plane, making it common to rip in straight lines and shallow dives.

The plane is an overall great introduction for anyone looking to learn to fly jet aircraft, as the vehicle handles very similar to its propeller-driven counterpart, while at a much higher speed than before.

=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The {{PAGENAME}} is distinctly different in looks and performance from all other planes found at the same BR-range. Along with the Yak-15, the Saab 21R is one of the two propeller-driven planes successfully converted into jet propulsion. Just like its Soviet counterpart, the solution comes at the cost of speed. Although a lot more powerful than the A21A-3, it still has the same airframe limitations. The climb-rate is also significantly improved due to the weight of the vehicle, resulting in good vertical energy with the ability to stall out slower opponents. Getting back down can prove difficult however, as the {{PAGENAME}} has a rip speed of just 787 km/h, which it can accidentally reach if not careful. To avoid this, the plane features a small set of air-brakes, which aids in maintaining a safe speed. Experienced pilots can find a good use for them to force overshoots, or to out-turn propeller-driven opponents. Be careful with the engine however! The propulsion of the {{PAGENAME}} is very primitive, and suffers from fuel starvation during extreme manoeuvres, especially in negative G-loads. This can be fatal when fighting vertically, as the engine drops all power almost immediately, and has to spool back up again before reaching the same efficiency as before.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 2,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 811 || 789 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.1 || 25.7 || 21.0 || 20.3 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 878 || 850 || 23.0 || 24.0 || 28.4 || 24.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 438 || 409 || 260 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 450 || < 390 || < 420 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="3" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="1" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Svenska Flygmotor RM1A || 1
| colspan="1" | 3,635 kg || colspan="2" | 196 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="2" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 6m fuel || 20m fuel
|-
| 705 kg || colspan="2" | Centrifugal-flow turbojet
| 3,849 kg || 4,347 kg || 5,000 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="3" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 6m fuel || 20m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,420 kgf || N/A
| 0.37 || 0.33 || 0.28
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,420 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.37 || 0.33 || 0.28
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

[[File:J21 Armour Plating.png|450px|thumb|right|Protective components found in the '''{{PAGENAME}}'''.]]

* 10 mm steel - Firewall armour plate
* 10 mm steel - Firewall cover armour plate
* 10 mm steel - Pilot's back armour plate
* 60 mm bulletproof glass

Although the {{PAGENAME}} is meant for ground-attack, the plane lacks significant protection to withstand a lot of incoming fire. The pilot is well protected by metal plates and bulletproof glass, but the pilot's safety isn't the primary concern for the {{PAGENAME}}, as the tail section is incredibly vulnerable. This is due to the twin-boom design, making a tailstrike twice as likely. And since the tail connects to the wing-section, the plane tends to lose tail-control when struck by wing damage. The engine is very large in comparison to the rest of the plane, making it a common target. The {{PAGENAME}} should avoid all possible damage, as surviving large amounts of fire is highly unlikely. Pulling away from head-on engagements increases the survivability immensely. Avoiding the enemy airfield is also important, as the {{PAGENAME}} lacks the speed to keep it safe from flak fire.

Engine fire suppression (EFS) system was added as a researchable modification in [[Update "Apex Predators"]].

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Akan m/45 (20 mm)|Akan m/39A (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm Akan m/45 cannon, nose-mounted (140 rpg)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Akan m/39A machine guns, nose-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Akan m/39A machine guns, wing-mounted (325 rpg = 650 total)

The {{PAGENAME}} shares the same 20 mm cannon found on the previous [[A21A-3]]. This cannon is near identical to the [[Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)|Hispano Mk.V]], only with a 30 rpm lower fire-rate. The shells perform the same as on all the other 20 mm-armed jets, making it highly devastating against all types of aircraft. The Armoured targets belt performs favourably with this cannon, as the Air targets belt can cause some mishaps during short bursts. The cannon runs out of ammunition quite quickly compared to the machine-guns, so saving it by only making use of the small calibre guns first can be ideal for spraying.

The {{PAGENAME}} features .50 cal machine guns, being identical to the later American ones. Although a direct downgrade from the Swedish 13 mm previously found on the plane, the {{PAGENAME}} makes good use of these cannons, as they allow for distanced engagements, along with additional firepower to back up the 20 mm cannon. Their ammo count is quite high as well, making them great for strafing, and finishing off heavy bombers.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|hprak m/49|psrak m/49A|srak m/51|Ksp m/22 (8 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 8 x 8 mm Ksp m/22 machine guns, belly-mounted (gunpod) (100 rpg = 800 total)
* 10 x psrak m/49A rockets
* 10 x srak m/51 rockets
* 5 x hprak m/49 rockets

[[File:A21RB Armaments.png|thumb|313x313px|{{PAGENAME}} carrying m/49A rockets]]
A unique feature only found on the {{PAGENAME}} is the ability to use the abstract gunpod. Commonly known as "Paddan" (directly translated to "The toad"), the gunpod features eight 8 mm Ksp m/22, repurposed from old J8 Gladiators. Although weak guns by nature, having eight of them gives the {{PAGENAME}} unprecedented fire-power shredding anything that goes head-to-head with it. The ammunition count is low, however, which forces pilots to use them carefully. Saving the gunpod by only using .50 cal on distant opponents, allows the {{PAGENAME}} to get rid of opponents during short bursts, which can be incredibly useful if mastered correctly. It's still important to mention that this gunpod is incredibly heavy and not very aerodynamic, and thus takes a heavy hit on the overall speed of the plane.

The {{PAGENAME}} has a lot of additional advantages over the prior A21A-3, especially when it comes to the ground ordnance. The ground rockets are finally mounted in the middle of the plane, firing one at a time starting from the right. Since the Swedish rockets, especially the m/49 rockets, feature amazing ballistics with little inaccuracy, that along with high penetration, makes for some highly effective air-support. And since the {{PAGENAME}} is quite light, it can easily perform several passes on opponents, which is quite important against heavy opponents.

== Usage in battles ==

'''Air Realistic Battles'''

* Climb to altitude
* Energy-fight opponents by lowering their speed
* Boom & Zoom people below you
* Dogfight slow targets when necessary
* Fire machine guns and cannons separately to save ammo

Despite being jet-powered, the {{PAGENAME}} still performs best when played like a propeller driven aircraft. The airplane struggles to reach high speeds, and drops it fairly quickly when manoeuvring. So the best use of the new engine is to gain altitude. Although weak in performance compared to earlier jets, the {{PAGENAME}} is decent at climbing to altitude, and can very efficiently deal with targets thanks to the high agility offered at lower speeds. Although the flaps are designed for much lower speeds (similar to the A21A-3), the plane still performs similar to the propeller variant when turning, making them less desired than on other jets.

The best way to start a match is to immediately gain altitude. A height advantage around 5 km is usually ideal to avoid losing vital speed when fighting, as the plane can simply dive to gain more velocity. The best way to handle opponents, is to single them out from their team, and forcing them to dogfight, as the {{PAGENAME}} is too slow to chase anyone down. The {{PAGENAME}} is also efficient against propeller aircraft, as it can comfortably turn-fight, while keeping a higher speed. When paired with the devastating firepower it provides, the {{PAGENAME}} becomes deadly when used properly.

'''Ground Realistic Battles'''

* Use minimum fuel and m/49A rockets
* Stay low or high above the ground to avoid SPAA
* Prioritize air-targets
* Attack opponents directly from the side or slightly from above (rockets)
* Strafe directly from above (8 mm gunpod)

The {{PAGENAME}} is even more effective in combined battles, as the platform is highly agile, ideal for close and precise rocket attacks. To compliment this, the {{PAGENAME}} features a fantastic rocket placement, in the center of the aircraft. These launch one at a time, similar to other Swedish aircraft. This gives the {{PAGENAME}} 10 single rocket salvos (m/49A), that can effectively kill one tank each when aimed properly. It's ideal to launch each rocket with the crosshair pointed slightly above the target, as they are placed fairly low. A creative pilot could also make use of the much larger m/49 rockets, but these require a lot of compensation in elevation, and are overall much more difficult to make use of.

While playing the {{PAGENAME}} in Ground RB, it's important to still prioritize air targets. The {{PAGENAME}} is still agile, despite carrying suspended armaments, and is even cheaper to spawn with the 8 mm gunpod, which shreds both aircraft and lightly armoured vehicles. Prioritizing aircraft will substantially help both you, and the team below, as they are capable of dealing equally as much damage.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Highly manoeuvrable - Competes with propeller driven aircraft
* Accurate and powerful rockets - Highly effective against most vehicles
* Upgraded engine compared to the [[J21RA]] - Better rate of climb and acceleration
* Familiar layout for seasoned Swedish pilots - Same gun placement as all previous Saab 21s
* Useful air-brakes - Good at avoiding higher speeds
* Access to suspended 8 x 8 mm gunpod

'''Cons:'''

* Low top speed - Can't reach 800 km/h without tearing off its wings
* Downgraded armament - 12.7 mm machine guns instead of the old 13 mm
* Small fuel tank with limited fuel choice - Either 20 or 9 minutes of fuel
* Engine prone to fuel starvation - negative G-load turns the engine off
* Cumbersome rocket ramp - reduces top-speed by almost 100 km/h
* External gunpod lacks significant ammunition count
* Flaps tear off easily (designed for the propeller version)

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_a21rb Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|zn2uhgI2PPg|'''Best twin-boom aircraft''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 03:55 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|_FQwNWDldSA|'''Sweden Doesn't Disappoint: A21RB''' - ''Spit_flyer''}}

== See also ==


'''Similar Swedish aircraft'''

* [[J28B]]
* [[SK60B]]

'''Comparable Aircraft'''

* [[Yak-15]]
* [[A2D-1]]
* [[F-80A-5]]
* [[He 162 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/480524-j21ra/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden jet aircraft}}

J21RA

2022-12-20T21:00:26Z

U120610831: /* Survivability and armour */ EFS added

{{About
| about = Swedish jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = J21 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_j21ra
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=Cockpit_saab_j21ra.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

The {{PAGENAME}} is a jet-powered version of the prior [[J21A-2]], giving it higher speeds and new guns.

== General info ==
[[File:J21RA Side view .png|left|thumb|325x325px|{{PAGENAME}} as seen from the side.]]
The {{PAGENAME}} is a highly manoeuvrable plane, with a good climb rate. The guns, although a downgrade from the previous propeller-driven 13 mm version, still provide enough firepower to down most targets efficiently. The only downside is the airframe, which prevents the aircraft from reaching higher speeds. This is due to the engine being a bit too powerful for the plane, making it common to rip in straight lines and shallow dives. Luckily the {{PAGENAME}} features air-brakes, helping it slow down more effectively, allowing it to fight comfortable at the desired speed range.

The plane is an overall great introduction for anyone looking to learn to fly jet aircraft, as the vehicle handles very similar to its propeller-driven counterpart, while at a much higher speed than before.

=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is distinctly different in looks and performance from all other planes found at the same BR-range. Along with the Yak-15, the Saab 21R is one of the two propeller-driven planes successfully converted into jet propulsion. Just like its Soviet counterpart, the solution comes at the cost of speed. Although a lot more powerful than the [[J21A-2]], it still has the same airframe limitations, resulting in good turn-rate. The climb-rate is also significantly improved due to the weight of the vehicle, resulting in good vertical energy with the ability to stall out slower opponents. Getting back down can prove difficult however, as the {{PAGENAME}} has a rip speed of just 800 km/h, which it can accidentally reach if not careful. To avoid this, the plane features a small set of air-brakes, which aids in maintaining a safe speed. Experienced pilots can find a good use for them, along with the powerful flaps, to force overshoots, or to out-turn propeller-driven opponents. Be careful with the engine however! The propulsion of the {{PAGENAME}} is very primitive, and suffers from fuel starvation during extreme manoeuvres, especially in negative G-loads. This can be fatal when fighting vertically, as the engine drops all power almost immediately, and has to spool back up again before reaching the same efficiency as before.

The flight performance is identical to that of the [[A21RB]], but with slightly less engine power, as the RM1 engine generates some 130 kgf less.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 763 || 742 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.1 || 25.9 || 18.0 || 17.3 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 837 || 799 || 23.0 || 24.0 || 24.4 || 21.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 437 || 408 || 260 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 450 || < 390 || < 420 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Svenska Flygmotor RM1 || 1
| colspan="2" | 3,550 kg || colspan="2" | 192 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 6m fuel || 20m fuel || 22m fuel
|-
| 705 kg || colspan="2" | Centrifugal-flow turbojet
| 3,764 kg || 4,169 kg || 4,262 kg || 5,000 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 6m fuel || 20m fuel || 22m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,290 kgf || N/A
| 0.34 || 0.31 || 0.30 || 0.26
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,290 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.34 || 0.31 || 0.30 || 0.26
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
[[File:J21 Armour Plating.png|450px|thumb|right|Protective components found in the '''{{PAGENAME}}'''.]]
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 10 mm steel - Firewall armour plate
* 10 mm steel - Firewall cover armour plate
* 10 mm steel - Pilot's back armour plate
* 60 mm bulletproof glass

In terms of protection, the pilot is well protected by metal plates and bulletproof glass. But the pilot's safety isn't the primary concern for the {{PAGENAME}}, as the tail section is incredibly vulnerable. This is due to the twin-boom design, making a tailstrike twice as likely. And since the tail connects to the wing-section, the plane tends to lose tail-control when struck by wing damage. The engine is very large in comparison to the rest of the plane, making it a common target. The {{PAGENAME}} should avoid all possible damage, as surviving large amounts of fire is highly unlikely. Pulling away from head-on engagements increases the survivability immensely. Avoiding the enemy airfield is also important, as the {{PAGENAME}} lacks the speed to keep it safe from flak fire.

Engine fire suppression (EFS) system was added as a researchable modification in [[Update "Apex Predators"]].

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Akan m/45 (20 mm)|Akan m/39A (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm Akan m/45 cannon, nose-mounted (140 rpg)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Akan m/39A machine guns, nose-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Akan m/39A machine guns, wing-mounted (325 rpg = 650 total)

The {{PAGENAME}} shares the same 20 mm cannon found on the previous [[J21A-2]]. This cannon is near identical to the [[Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)|Hispano Mk.V]], only with a 30 rpm lower fire-rate. The shells perform the same as on all the other 20 mm-armed jets, making it highly devastating against all types of aircraft. The Armoured targets belt performs favourably with this cannon, as the Air targets belt can cause some mishaps during short bursts. The cannon runs out of ammunition quite quickly compared to the machine-guns, so saving it by only making use of the small calibre guns first can be ideal for spraying.

The {{PAGENAME}} features .50 cal machine guns, being identical to the later American ones. Although a direct downgrade from the Swedish 13 mm previously found on the plane, the {{PAGENAME}} makes good use of these cannons, as they allow for distanced engagements, along with additional firepower to back up the 20 mm cannon. Their ammo count is quite high as well, making them great for strafing, and finishing off heavy bombers.

== Usage in battles ==


* Climb to altitude
* Energy-fight opponents by lowering their speed
* Boom & Zoom people below you
* Dogfight slow targets when necessary
* Fire machine guns and cannons separately to save ammo

[[File:J21RA formation.png|thumb|331x331px|Two {{PAGENAME}} flying in formation.]]
Despite being jet-powered, the {{PAGENAME}} still performs best when played like a propeller driven aircraft. The airplane struggles to reach high speeds, and drops it fairly quickly when manoeuvring. So the best use of the new engine is to gain altitude. Although weak in performance compared to earlier jets, the {{PAGENAME}} is decent at climbing to altitude, and can very efficiently deal with targets thanks to the high agility offered at lower speeds. Although the flaps are designed for much lower speeds (similar to the J21A-2), the plane still performs similar to the propeller variant when turning, making them less desired than on other jets.

The best way to start a match is to immediately gain altitude. A height advantage around 5 km is usually ideal to avoid losing vital speed when fighting, as the plane can simply dive to gain more velocity. The best way to handle opponents, is to single them out from their team, and forcing them to dogfight, as the {{PAGENAME}} is too slow to chase anyone down. The {{PAGENAME}} is also efficient against propeller aircraft, as it can comfortably turn-fight, while keeping a higher speed. When paired with the devastating firepower it provides, the {{PAGENAME}} becomes deadly when used properly.

The {{PAGENAME}} can be used in combined battles (Ground RB & Ground SB), but is overall less efficient compared to the [[A21RB]], as it lacks suspended armaments.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Highly manoeuvrable, competes with propeller driven aircraft
* Familiar layout for seasoned Swedish pilots, same gun placement as previous Saab 21s
* Useful airbrakes, good at avoiding higher speeds
* No wing-tanks compared to the [[A21RB]]: Less likely to be set on fire
* Access to modern 12.7 mm rounds, highly efficient at dealing damage

'''Cons:'''

* Low top speed, can't reach 800 km/h without tearing off its wings
* Downgraded armament: 12.7 mm machine guns instead of the old 13 mm
* Small fuel tank with limited fuel choice: either 21 or 6 minutes of fuel
* Engine prone to fuel starvation: negative G manoeuvres turn the engine off
* Weaker engine compared to the A21RB

== History ==

The J21RA is a variant of the Saab 21R, a unique early jet fighter developed from the previous Saab 21. The aircraft was one of two semi-successful conversions of propeller fighters into jet fighters, the other being the Soviet Yak-15 (which was converted from the Yak 1/3/7/9 series). The aircraft served as one of the first jet-engined aircraft in Swedish service and was also the first jet-engined-aircraft produced by Saab. The Saab 21Rs were retired in the 1950s with the introduction of more advanced Swedish aircraft.

During WWII, the Saab aircraft production company produced the Saab 21, a fighter aircraft with an unorthodox twin-boom configuration along with a German DB 605B engine. The first such aircraft flew in July of 1943 and entered service soon thereafter. During this time, the Saab firm explored various options for upgrading their Saab 21s, including a variant powered by a Rolls-Royce Griffon engine producing 2000 hp. However, at the same time, the Saab firm was also investigating the possibility of a jet-engined fighter; this led the Saab firm to pursue a jet-engined variant of the Saab 21 for use with the Swedish air force.

In 1947, Saab received the first older J21 airframes for conversion into a jet fighter, designated the J21R; the airframes were extensively modified to house a British-sourced de Havilland Goblin turbojet in place of the DB 605 and its corresponding propeller. Extensive modifications were also made to the aircraft's fuselage, wings and tailplane; notably, the tail section was redesigned so that the elevator would be clear of the jet engine's exhaust. Additionally, the aircraft featured an ejection seat, a novelty at the time.

Initially, a production run of 124 aircraft was planned; however, this was cut to 64 aircraft when the more-advanced J29 Tunnan became available in 1948. The J21RA was the designation given to the first 34 of these aircraft, powered by the Goblin 2 engine, while the J21RB was powered by an indigenously-built Goblin 3 engine. The J21 was retired in the mid-1950s with the introduction of more advanced aircraft such as the Saab 32 Lansen; no original aircraft were preserved but an old Saab 21 airframe was converted to resemble the Saab 21R; this aircraft is displayed at the Swedish Air Force Museum.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_j21ra Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|JZcfQqbYWQk|'''Slap a Jet Engine on a Prop? J21RA''' - ''Jengar''|7vSoGWcb5zs|'''The Swedish Jet No Ones Talking About''' - ''WhooptieDo''}}

== See also ==


'''Similar Swedish aircraft'''

* [[J28B]]
* [[SK60B]]

'''Comparable Aircraft'''

* [[F-80A-5]]
* [[He 162 (Family)]]
* [[Yak-15]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/480524-j21ra/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden jet aircraft}}

A21A-3

2022-12-20T20:59:32Z

U120610831: /* Survivability and armour */ EFS added

{{About
| about = Swedish fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = J21 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_a21a_3
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_saab_a21a_3.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===

{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The A21A-3 has a poor climb rate and fairly low acceleration, making it ineffective as an energy or boom-and-zoom fighter unless you commit to a side climb. The aircraft has great turning characteristics at almost all speeds, and maintains speed in horizontal turns well enough, though it will stall quickly in any vertical manoeuvres. The aircraft maintains most of its turning ability with heavy loads, but suffers greatly in climb ability. If you wish to take an altitude advantage, forgo any loads.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,300 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 616 || 599 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.0 || 21.9 || 12.6 || 12.6 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 666 || 640 || 19.0 || 20.0 || 19.0 || 15.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 445 || 425 || 325 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 450 || < 390 || < 420 || > 715
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
[[File:J21 Armour Plating.png|450px|thumb|right|Protective components found in the '''{{PAGENAME}}'''.]]

{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

* 10 mm steel - Firewall armour plate
* 10 mm steel - Firewall cover armour plate
* 10 mm steel - Pilot's back armour plate
* 60 mm bulletproof glass

Engine fire suppression (EFS) system added as a researchable modification in [[Update "Apex Predators"]].

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" |[[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
!CCIP (Guns)!!CCIP (Rockets)!!CCIP (Bombs)!!CCRP (Bombs)
|-
|{{Cross}}||{{Cross}}||{{Cross}}||{{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===

{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Akan m/45 (20 mm)|Akan m/39A (13.2 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm Akan m/45 cannon, nose-mounted (140 rpg)
* 2 x 13.2 mm Akan m/39A machine guns, nose-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)
* 2 x 13.2 mm Akan m/39A machine guns, wing-mounted (325 rpg = 650 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|sb m/47 (50 kg)|mb m/40 (250 kg)|mb m/41 (500 kg)|mb m/50 (600 kg)}}
{{main|hprak m/49|psrak m/49A|srak m/51}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 4 x 50 kg sb m/47 bombs (200 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg mb m/40 bomb (250 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg mb m/40 bomb + 4 x 50 kg sb m/47 bombs (450 kg total)
* 1 x 500 kg mb m/41 bomb (500 kg total)
* 1 x 600 kg mb m/50 bomb (600 kg total)
* 8 x psrak m/49A rockets
* 8 x srak m/51 rockets
* 2 x hprak m/49 rockets
* 1 x 250 kg mb m/40 bomb + 8 x psrak m/49A rockets (250 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg mb m/40 bomb + 8 x srak m/51 rockets (250 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg mb m/40 bomb + 2 x hprak m/49 rockets (250 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==


Boasting extremely good turning characteristics, a stable platform, decent speed and accurate, powerful guns, the A21A-3 is an extremely effective aircraft for both dogfighting and ground attack duties. The Swedish 13.2 mm Akan m/39A guns are devastating to lighter aircraft thanks to their anti-air belts with plentiful HE, and the nose mounted 20 mm cannon makes short work of larger targets as long as you are accurate. In air-to-air battles, the aircraft is best suited to catch opponents low on energy. Only a few aircraft at its BR are able to turn as well as the A21A-3 at low altitude, and the aircraft remains stable even in low speed turns to keep guns on target. It is wise to keep fights short though, as the A21A-3 is a terrible climber, and is an easy target for boom and zoom fighters if engaged in a fight.

On the other hand, the A21A-3 makes for an extremely effective ground-and-pound aircraft, capable of destroying an enemy base with its 600 kg bomb in some air RB game modes, access to some of the best rockets weight-for-weight at its battle rating, and a significant amount of ammunition for its guns to attack ground units. The aircraft's low speed stability makes short dipping attack runs on ground units easy, and the good firepower means you don't have to stay on target for too long.

It is important to take care that enemy aircraft do not get a chance to attack you from behind, however. The A21A-3, as a pusher aircraft, can be brought down quickly when tailed. The engine is poorly armoured, with a tiny water and oil reserve and runs at a high temperature. Additionally, there is a fuel tank between the cockpit and engine which will not survive even a glancing hit. If you are attacked and suffer an oil or water leak you will need to land at your base as quickly as possible, the engine will burn out within minutes of an overheat. The large control surface of the tail is also a vulnerability.

In ground RB, the aircraft can perform well at almost any BR, as its 600 kg bomb can be used effectively to clear points and entrenched enemy tanks of any size with a whopping 18 m destruction range, with a fighter's SP cost it can be an invaluable CAS asset to a team.
[[File:A21A-3 flying over a body of water.jpg|thumb|A21A-3 flying]]

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Quite manoeuvrable, even with wing-tip fuel tanks
* A stable flying platform, does not stall in level flight even with the throttle set to zero
* Engine protected from head-on attacks
* Most armament is nose-mounted
* Armed with extremely powerful 13.2 mm guns with decent ammunition pool and destructive AA belts
* Access to powerful and accurate rockets and devastating bombs for ground RB
* 600 kg bomb can destroy an enemy base in some air RB game modes.

'''Cons:'''

* Pusher aircraft, engine mounted facing rear, exposed to enemy aircraft which may follow
* Required to set convergence due to wing-mounted machine guns
* Terrible climb rate, despite decent acceleration
* Loses speed in vertical manoeuvres extremely quickly
* Lacks airbrake
* Fragile and vulnerable from rear attacks, even water or oil leaks will tend to cause the aircraft to crash as the engine burns out quickly.
* Engine overheats quickly when on WEP

== History ==

[[File:A21A-3 Museum.jpg|thumb|400x400px|SAAB A21A-3 on display at Söderhamn /F15 Aviation Museum, Söderhamn, Sweden]]
The [[J21 (Family)|SAAB 21]] was a twin-boom propeller fighter used by the Swedish air force. A unique design, it had a pusher-configuration engine and a twin-boom tail, giving it a very unique appearance. The A21A-3 was a variant of the SAAB 21, designed for ground attack. As a result, it was equipped with a bomb sight, and was able to carry suspended ordnance and a RATO (Rocket-assisted takeoff) pod. 66 A21A-3 aircraft were built between 1947 and 1949, and served as the primary ground attacker until the introduction of more capable jet aircraft.<ref name=":0">Aceto, G. (2019)</ref>

=== Design and development ===
In the early 1940s, it was apparent that Sweden badly needed a new fighter aircraft. Thus, Sweden ordered SAAB to design a new aircraft based on the German Daimler-Benz DB 601, 603 or 605 engine. At that time, the German and Swedish had a series of neutrality agreements, allowing Sweden to import the German-made aircraft engines.<ref name=":0" /> One radical configuration considered was a twin-boom aircraft, similar to the P-38 Lightning, but with a single rear-mounted engine in pusher configuration. However, SAAB was initially asked to instead produce the J23, a more conventional aircraft design.<ref name=":0" />

In late 1941, the Swedish air ministry reverted on its previous decision and asked the SAAB firm to produce the J21 design. Thus, design work progressed through 1942 and 1943. The final prototype featured a twin-boom wing with a single DB-605B engine, and carried a main armament of one 20 mm cannon along with four 12.7 mm heavy machine guns. The first prototype flew in mid-1943, but was quickly revealed to have inferior performance to the [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190]], [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]] and [[P-51 (Family)|P-51]] Mustang. However, 484 aircraft were ordered anyway.<ref name=":0" />

In 1945, SAAB began designing a series of second-generation J21 aircraft designed specifically for the air-to-ground role. This resulted in the A21A-3. The aircraft had a bombsight, and was able to use RATO (Rocket-assisted takeoff) pods, bombs or rockets. The Swedish Air Force eventually ordered 66 aircraft between 1947 and 1949.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Editors of Military Wikia. (2020)</ref>

=== Operational History ===
The A21A entered service in 1947, but had an extremely short service life. The aircraft's poor performance and relative obsolescence meant that it served for an extremely short time. The 66 A21 aircraft built were quickly replaced by the more modern [[J29 (Family)|J29]] Tunnan and British de Havilland [[J28B|Vampire]]. The last A21A aircraft were retired in 1954. However, it is worth noting that SAAB also experimented with coupling a jet engine to the J21 airframe; this resulted in the [[A21RB]], a unique aircraft coupling the J21's fuselage with a de Havilland Ghost engine.<ref name=":1" /> Three A21A aircraft survive, all kept in Swedish museums.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_a21a_3 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|KmZ265375S0|'''A21A-3 "Is everything in this tree broken!?" PLANES''' - ''WeadraPlays''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[J21 (Family)]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[SM.91]]
* [[SM.92]]
* [[S.O.8000 Narval]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/474726-saab-j21a-1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

=== References ===

;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography

* Aceto, G. (2019, July 19). The Saab J21. Retrieved November 20, 2020, from <nowiki>https://articles.historynet.com/the-saab-j21.htm</nowiki>
* Editors of Military Wikia. (2020). SAAB 21. Retrieved November 20, 2020, from <nowiki>https://military.wikia.org/wiki/SAAB_21</nowiki>

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden fighters}}

J21A-2

2022-12-20T20:59:07Z

U120610831: /* Survivability and armour */ EFS added

{{About
| about = Swedish fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = J21 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_j21a_2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_saab_j21a_2.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===

{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,300 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 616 || 599 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.0 || 21.9 || 12.6 || 12.6 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 666 || 640 || 19.0 || 20.0 || 19.0 || 15.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 445 || 425 || 325 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 450 || < 390 || < 420 || > 715
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===

{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

* 10 mm steel - Firewall armour plate
* 10 mm steel - Firewall cover armour plate
* 10 mm steel - Pilot's back armour plate
* 60 mm bulletproof glass

Engine fire suppression (EFS) system added as a researchable modification in [[Update "Apex Predators"]].

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===

{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Akan m/45 (20 mm)|Akan m/39A (13.2 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm Akan m/45 cannon, nose-mounted (140 rpg)
* 2 x 13.2 mm Akan m/39A machine guns, nose-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)
* 2 x 13.2 mm Akan m/39A machine guns, wing-mounted (325 rpg = 650 total)

== Usage in battles ==


The J21A-2 (along with the rest of the J21A variants) is an excellent energy fighter. The plane retains and gains speed very well, as long as it is flying in a straight line. In level flight or in a dive, the J21A is very fast and can outrun most of its opponents. Additionally, it can manoeuvre quite well compared to some of its opponents but pilots must watch to ensure their speed does not drop too low as this makes the J21A an easy target. The nose-mounted armament makes it possible to successfully fight head-on with opponents and the 20 mm cannon is especially devastating when combined with the 13.2 mm machine guns. This armament also makes the J21A good as a bomber-interceptor since it can knock out critical components of an opponent's aircraft very quickly.

Overall, the J21A was designed (and should be used) as an interceptor. One excellent tactic is to climb at about 20 degrees until reaching 4,000-5,000 m and operating from that altitude in a boom-and-zoom role. This enables the J21A to use its excellent dive speed and heavy armament to maximum effect.

Another effective tactic is to fly level and fast at medium altitude 2,000-3,000 m and act as a support fighter, assisting team mates who are overwhelmed by picking off some of their opponents in hit-and-run attacks. While the J21 can manoeuvre quite well (especially with combat flaps) it is not advisable to do this except as a last resort because the aircraft bleeds speed very rapidly. Also, this can expose the J21's engine (mounted in the rear of the aircraft) to and an enemy, allowing him the opportunity to knock out the J21's engine or hit its fuel tank (centrally located between the cockpit and the engine). This is another reason to avoid running away from an opponent, except when you can dive faster than the enemy or outclimb him. Many planes at the J21's level can keep up with it, although many also cannot. As long as you know your opponent and their capabilities, you can use the J21 very effectively.

Although the J21 can be set on fire rather easily due to its centrally located fuel tank, it is often possible to put out the fire by diving very steeply and fast. This creates enough of a slipstream around the fuselage to often put out the fire.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very stable, does not stall in level flight even with the throttle set to zero
* Retains controllability at all speeds, even when stalling
* Engine protected from head-on attacks
* Most armament is nose-mounted
* Heavy armament with excellent ammunition belts

'''Cons:'''

* Pusher aircraft, engine mounted facing rear, exposed to enemy aircraft which may follow
* Required to set convergence due to wing-mounted machine guns
* Loses speed rapidly in sharp turns
* Long weapon reload time (in AB)
* Has one of the most expensive aircraft to repair in AB at ~19 K Silver Lions
* Water cooling system overheats fast on WEP
* Higher repair cost for not much gain compared to its predecessor

== History ==

The J21A-2 was a variant of the Saab 21, a twin-boom propeller fighter used by the Swedish air force. A unique design, it had a pusher-configuration engine and a twin-boom tail, giving it a very unique appearance. The J21A-2 was the second production variant of the J21 fighter, featuring a Swedish-built 20 mm cannon along with numerous other refinements. A total of 124 J-21A-2 aircraft were built in two batches; these aircraft served as the mainline Swedish fighter until the introduction of more capable jet-engined fighters.

In the early 1940s, it was apparent that Sweden badly needed a new fighter aircraft. Thus, Sweden ordered SAAB to design a new aircraft based on the German Daimler-Benz DB 601, 603 or 605 engine. At that time, the German and Swedish had a series of neutrality agreements, allowing Sweden to import the German-made aircraft engines. One radical configuration considered was a twin-boom aircraft, similar to the P-38 Lightning, but with a single rear-mounted engine in pusher configuration. However, SAAB was initially asked to instead produce the J23, a more conventional aircraft design.

In late 1941, the Swedish air ministry reverted to its previous decision and asked the SAAB firm to produce the J21 design. Thus, design work progressed through 1942 and 1943. The final prototype featured a twin-boom wing with a single DB-605B engine, and carried a main armament of one 20 mm cannon along with four 13.2 mm heavy machine guns. The first prototype flew in mid-1943, but was quickly revealed to have inferior performance to the Fw 190, Spitfire and P-51 Mustang. However, 484 aircraft were ordered anyway.

The first of these aircraft, named J21A-1, entered service in 1945 with a total of 54 aircraft built. The J21A-2 was a later version that entered service in 1946-1947, with 66 aircraft built in two batches for a total of 124 aircraft. The J21A-2 featured numerous minor improvements compared to the J21A-1, including the installation of a Swedish 20 mm cannon and better avionics.

The J21A-2 entered service in 1947, but had an extremely short service life. The aircraft's poor performance and relative obsolescence meant that it served for an extremely short time. The 124 aircraft built were quickly replaced by the more modern J29 Tunnan and British de Havilland Vampire, leading to the aircraft’s retirement by 1954. However, it is worth noting that SAAB also experimented with coupling a jet engine to the J21 airframe; this resulted in the A21RB, a unique aircraft coupling the J21's fuselage with a de Havilland Ghost engine. No J21A-2 airframes still exist but three J21A-3 aircraft still exist in museums today.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_j21a_2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos

*{{Youtube-gallery|EO3s2xJMtjE| '''SIMPLY the BEST! J21A-2 - Sweden - Review!''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==


;Related Development

*[[J21 (Family)]]

;Similar Roles

* [[S.O.8000 Narval]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/474726-saab-j21a-1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden fighters}}

J21A-1

2022-12-20T20:56:59Z

U120610831: /* Survivability and armour */ EFS added in update

{{About
| about = Swedish fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = J21 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_j21a_1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_saab_j21a_1.jpg
}}

== Description ==


The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]] along with the rest of the Swedish air tree.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The J21 series is arguably the most iconic propeller-engined aircraft to ever come out of Sweden. For the time, they were underpowered, slow aircraft that were were outclassed by nearly all opponents it could have faced. Its distinctive twin-boom, rear-engined fascia is easy to recognize and its performance is nothing to scoff at either, though the climb rate is poor and the engine overheats quickly when using WEP. The [[Akan m/39A (13.2 mm)|Akan m/39A]]'s are some of the most effective non-cannon aircraft weaponry in the game, boasting superior aspects to even the famed [[M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|M2 Browning]], specifically in terms of raw stopping power and muzzle velocity. The [[Akan m/41A (20 mm)|Akan m/41A]]'s are quite powerful as well. The challenge for the pilot is to manoeuvre this aircraft into a solid shooting solution which can be difficult especially against more agile aircraft. Although suffering from a relatively low rip speed, skilled and new pilots can use this somewhat to their advantage, mainly by diving on opponents and climbing again, although this shouldn’t be attempted at extreme speeds.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,300 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 616 || 599 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.0 || 21.9 || 12.6 || 12.6 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 666 || 640 || 19.0 || 20.0 || 19.0 || 15.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 445 || 425 || 325 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 450 || < 390 || < 420 || > 715
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
[[File:J21 Armour Plating.png|450px|thumb|right|Protective components found in the '''{{PAGENAME}}'''.]]
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 10 mm steel - Firewall armour plate
* 10 mm steel - Firewall cover armour plate
* 10 mm steel - Pilot's back armour plate
* 60 mm bulletproof glass

Engine fire suppression (EFS) system added as a researchable modification in [[Update "Apex Predators"]].

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Akan m/41A (20 mm)|Akan m/39A (13.2 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm Akan m/41A cannon, nose-mounted (140 rpg)
* 2 x 13.2 mm Akan m/39A machine guns, nose-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)
* 2 x 13.2 mm Akan m/39A machine guns, wing-mounted (325 rpg = 650 total)

The automatkanon m/41A is essentially a slower firing [[Hispano 404 (20 mm)|Hispano 404]] with more ammunition, with all the advantages and disadvantages that come with it. While one might think that the slower firing speed is a disadvantage, it is just high enough to still be effective and is very beneficial for conserving ammunition. When stock, the cannon is very inaccurate and overheats quickly, but becomes quite accurate after modifications.

The complimentary automatkanon m/39A heavy machine guns are, as mentioned previously, arguably the best non-cannon weapons in the game. Their high muzzle velocity, very high fire rate and reasonable accuracy allow them to saturate the sky with lead. The higher calibre of 13.2 mm allows for more stopping power than the typical 12.7 mm and converts them from just being a nuisance to a threat to be heeded. It is interesting to note that due to their HEF-T rounds, they technically fall under the category of "cannon", as normally exploding rounds typically start at 20 mm.

== Usage in battles ==


For pilots just beginning to learn this aircraft's flight characteristics, it is best used as a support aircraft, it is too slow to take into dives reliably and suffers from Yak-like rip speeds, without any of the benefits that the Yaks have in agility. For pilots with more experience, you can successfully push this aircraft to its limits and beyond and eliminate lesser experienced pilots in more agile aircraft or even other more experienced pilots through strong counter-manoeuvres.

==== Specific Enemies Worth Noting: ====

* [[P-47D-25]]/[[P-47D-28|28]] - The high-speed Thunderbolts are a menace in any game mode. They are some of the fastest things in the bracket and sport an octet of the late M2 Brownings that will set you ablaze in a few short bursts. While they are already quick at medium altitudes, they become even faster at high altitudes, easily blitzing past the poor J21. However, they have incredibly poor turn rates and climb just as badly. The go-to tactic versus a P-47 is to turn with it in order to get on its tail then shred it with your guns.
* [[M.B.157]] - The 157 is one of the worst enemies you can come across as it is basically a Thunderbolt that can turn and climb. Its ludicrous speed along with excellent climb rate and its above-average manoeuvrability make for an enemy that you cannot face in a 1-on-1. Your best bet is to try to head-on it if you can manage to do so. The one Achilles heel of the 157 is its low ammunition count, so try to get it to waste as much ammo as possible before it needs to disengage. At this point, you can either try to gun it down or attempt to regain altitude so you may catch it later.
* [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109 F series]] - The F series of 109's are noteworthy adversaries whose strengths change with the model. The F-1 and F-2 will turn better than you and climb quite well but you are, the F-4 is almost a hard counter depending on if it runs gunpods. Without gunpods, the F-4 outspeeds, outclimbs, outturns and outaccelerates the J21, outclassing it in every way. But since most F-4's run gunpods, their decreased performance helps even the odds. Boom & Zoom the F-1 and F-2, head on the F-4 only as a last resort.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very stable, does not stall in level flight even with the throttle set to zero
* Engine protected from head-on attacks
* Highly effective and accurate armament layout that will tear through enemies like paper
* Can take quite a few hits and still fly reasonably well
* Very high energy retention
* Easy to land thanks to its tricycle landing gear
* Rear-mounted engine makes head-ons safer (can't be hit during head-on)

'''Cons:'''

* Pusher aircraft, engine mounted facing rear, can be hit by tailing aircraft
* Fuel tanks can take damage if you pull up from a dive on an enemy plane
* Required to set convergence due to wing-mounted machine guns
* Agility is quite poor, it is subpar to most aircraft
* Engine overheats during takeoff and during flight at WEP even with full modifications
* Very low rip speed - cannot push past 640 km/h (400 mph) without threatening to rip off wings

== History ==

The SAAB 21 is a twin-boom pusher fighter and attacker designed by the famed Swedish engineer Frid Wänström, who also worked on the SAAB 29 ''Tunnan'', 32 ''Lansen'', 35 ''Draken'' and 37 ''Viggen''. In the anticipation and wake of World War 2, Sweden was concerned over its neutrality policy coming under threat by the other European countries, specifically hostile ones such as Nazi Germany. In order to deter belligerent forces and potential aggressors, the Swedish Air Force created a major plan to modernize their fleet, which included the import of foreign models such as the Italian [[J11|CR.42]] and [[J20|Re.2000]] as a stopgap measure.

Meanwhile, Swedish corporation SAAB began studying designs for the possible development of a new, high-performance fighter aircraft. Most of the designs were based around the Bristol Taurus two-row 14 cylinder radial engine developing around 1,000~1,100 horsepower. The most promising design was a twin-boom pusher layout and made use of many new features unfamiliar to the SAAB technicians and engineers at the time, but was able to compete with the other fighter aircraft at the time while also maintaining several advantages such as a heavy amount of nose-mounted armament and superior pilot visibility, along with ease of maintenance. The design was kept dormant until 41, as Sweden was beginning to see that it would not be able to procure improved foreign models as a result of the war, they started another rearmament program to adopt advanced indigenous fighter aircraft.

Accordingly, SAAB blew the dust off of their old twin-boom design and set to work. Earlier on, it was decided to replace the Bristol Taurus with an American Pratt-&-Whitney Twin Wasp, but this was changed when the engine manufacturer ''Svenska'' was requested to provide an alternative engine, which was difficult due to the time constraints. Thus, they decided that a licensed engine would be the best course of action. The legendary German Daimler-Benz DB 605 that powered many famous designs was chosen and modified to fit Swedish needs. Three prototypes were completed and its maiden flight was completed in 1942.

The type was delivered in 1945, and a total of 300 models were produced.

=== [[wt:en/news/6530-development-saab-j21a-1-nordic-exotic-en|Devblog]] ===
In 1941, Sweden started a domestic rearmament program in order to bolster the strength of its armed forces in an effort to ensure its neutrality during the ongoing war. Among the branches intended for reinforcement was the Swedish Air Force, which up until this point had mainly been operating foreign, partially outdated aircraft.

The SAAB company had already been working on a design study for a modern fighter aircraft since the early 1940s. Their project had a rather unorthodox design - a single-engine, twin-boom aircraft in a pusher configuration. With the arrival of the 1941 rearmament program, sparking a great interest for domestic aircraft production, SAAB began working on refining their design for mass production.

After further work, three full prototypes were constructed for testing, two of which were fully functional. In July 1943, the prototype of the SAAB 21 first took to the skies for its maiden flight. Production of the SAAB 21 began some time after its maiden flight, with the first aircraft reaching their units in December 1945.

Overall, over 50 J21A-1s were produced before production of the first model stopped by December 1946. In total however, close to 300 piston-engined J21s of all variants were produced before the production run of the type ended in 1949.

Due to the J21’s introduction to service coinciding with the dawn of the jet age, the type didn’t remain in active service for too long. In fact, the J21 was retired in 1954 - some ten years after its initial introduction - and its only operator remains the Swedish Air Force.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_j21a_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:J21A-1 WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:J21A-1 WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:J21A-1 WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:J21A-1 WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:J21A-1 WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:J21A-1 WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
File:J21A-1 WTWallpaper 007.jpg|
File:J21A-1 WTWallpaper 008.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|F2XyFpa4YEE|'''The King from Above! J21A-1 - Sweden - Review!!''' - ''Jengar''|f_fK6YbMH_Y|'''THE Must-Have Swedish Plane: J21A-1''' - ''Spit_flyer''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[J21 (Family)]]

;Aircraft of comparable role and configuration

* [[S.O.8000 Narval]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6530-development-saab-j21a-1-nordic-exotic-en|[Devblog] SAAB J21A-1: Nordic Exotic]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/474726-saab-j21a-1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden fighters}}

N1K2-Ja

2022-12-20T20:53:25Z

U120610831: /* Survivability and armour */ EFS added in latest update

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = N1K (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=n1k2_jko
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 626 || 610 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.8 || 20.4 || 14.2 || 14.2 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 675 || 650 || 18.5 || 19.0 || 23.2 || 18.2
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 498 || 469 || 320 || ~12 || ~10
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 430 || < 460 || < 400 || > 324
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 70 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen
* 12 mm Steel plate in pilot's seat

Engine fire system (EFS) added as a researchable modification in [[Update "Apex Predators"]].

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 99 Model 2 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 2 cannons, wing-mounted (250 rpg outer + 200 rpg inner = 900 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|Navy Type 98 Number 25 (250 kg)}}
{{main|Type 3 No.1 Mod.28 Mk.1|Type 3 No.6 Mod.27 Mk.1|Type 5 No.1 Mod.9|Type 5 No.6 Mod.9}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 4 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (240 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg Navy Type 98 Number 25 bombs (500 kg total)
* 2 x Type 3 No.1 Mod.28 Mk.1 rockets
* 2 x Type 5 No.1 Mod.9 rockets
* 2 x Type 3 No.6 Mod.27 Mk.1 rockets
* 2 x Type 5 No.6 Mod.9 rockets

== Usage in battles ==


The N1K2-Ja is a very tricky aircraft to use. It can face early jet fighters such as the [[F-80A-5]], [[Yak-15]]/[[Yak-17|17]], [[He 162 A-2|He 162]], [[J21RA|J]]/[[A21RB|A21R]], and in Arcade, the [[F-84B-26]]. These jet aircraft hold a hefty speed advantage over the ''Shiden-Kai'', but typically have very poor manoeuvrability, meaning the N1K pilot can abuse its excellent handling at medium speeds and shred the previously mentioned jets if their pilots are foolish enough to try and turn-fight. The one exception to this is the Yak-15, which retains the turning abilities of its airframe; the [[Yak-3]]. However, the Yak-15 suffers from a relatively low top speed and climb rate for a jet, along with sub-par vertical energy retention. Above all those, its ammunition pool is abysmal at only 120 rounds total, meaning the N1K2 pilot could potentially win an engagement just by remaining difficult to hit.

Although it can fight admirably against jets, the N1K2-Ja will find itself coming up short against many of the other nation's top tier superprops. It cannot keep up with the [[P-51H-5-NA|P-51H]], [[F4U-4B]], [[F8F-1B|F8F]], [[I-225]], [[La-9]], [[Tempest (Family)|Tempests]], [[Spitfire (Family)|Griffon Spitfires]], [[G.56]], [[Bf 109 (Family)|late Bf 109s]], or [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190 D's]] of its tier. Fortunately, most of the previously mentioned aircraft cannot turn with the N1K2, so the ''Shiden-Kai'' can use its superb mid-speed manoeuvrability to turn circles around its opponents. The main exception to this is the uncommon G.56, which is the closest thing the N1K2 has to a hard counter. It can turn with it, outspeed it, out-dive it, beat it in an energy fight and shred it with the triad of 20 mm MG 151s, so it is highly recommended to either avoid the G.56 or take it out while it's preoccupied with a teammate.

The N1K2-Ja can take on a relatively new role for Japanese fighters; a fighter/bomber. With its ability to mount 2 x 250 kg bombs or two of the massive Type 5 No.6 rockets, the N1K2 can be Japan's best ground attacker and will make enemy tanks quake in fear. The Type 98 Number 25 bombs are roughly equivalent to the American [[AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M64A1]] 500 lb bombs, and are mounted on wing racks, allowing for precise bomb placement on targets. On the flip-side, the Type 5 No.6 rockets have no direct comparison but play somewhat similarly to a watered-down American [[Tiny Tim]] rocket or Swedish [[hprak m/49]] rocket. Despite their relatively low velocity and higher weight, they are still quite accurate and are able to be launched quite close to the target with minimal threat of self-damage.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Flight performance
** Reasonable manoeuvrability at medium speeds (300-500 km/h)
** Great energy retention
** Solid acceleration once upgraded
** Combat flaps are efficient while in dogfighting
** Decent rate of climb
** Relatively good diving characteristics for a Japanese aircraft
* Armament
** Absurd amount of ammunition (200-250 rpg with 900 rounds in total)
** Cannons themselves are reasonable in all aspects, and take far longer to jam than their contemporaries

'''Cons:'''

* Flight performance
** Mediocre roll rate
** Severely stiffens at higher speeds
** Can be outmanoeuvred easily by the fighters at its tier if not used correctly
** Unless approached correctly, completely outclassed by the Spitfire Mk. IX and F8Fs
* Stock grind can be outright ''painful''
** Weak stock belts, which require a tier III modification to upgrade
* Can catch on fire easily, and often gets destroyed in the process
* Often faces jets
* Slow in comparison of what it has to face

== History ==

{{main|N1K (Family)|l1=History of the N1K}}

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Kawanishi Shiden-Kai Model 21Ko, Kawanishi N1K2-Ja (code name "George") Marine Interceptor-Fighter

This fighter-bomber version of the N1K2, the N1K2-Ja Model 21Ko, was developed at the time the N1K2-J began production. The main difference between the two planes was the 21Ko's steel underwing pylons. This Shiden-Kai could carry four 250-kg bombs, two under each wing, or two 500-kg bombs, or two or four 60-kg bombs. It could also carry unguided rockets, like the N1K2-J.

The N1K2-Ja could be visibly distinguished from its predecessor by the lower position and reduced area of its horizontal fin.

Upon its success in factory testing, the N1K2-J was selected by the Japanese Imperial Navy as its primary fighter and fighter-bomber. The Navy's plan was to launch large-scale mass production of the Shiden-Kai, but its production was always behind schedule. The situation became more critical when American B-29 Superfortress bombers began attacking Japanese industrial sites. The attacks did not target the production facilities containing the Shiden-Kai assembly lines, but supply companies were attacked, leading to a shortage of sheet metal, forged steel, stamped aluminum, and engine and chassis parts.

N1K1-J fighters were first used in battle near Lake Sebu in October 1944, then used en masse in the Philippines. From the end of 1944 on, the N1K1-J and N1K2-J aircraft were primarily used for the defense of the Japanese homeland.

The most famous squadron of Shiden-Kai was formed in December 1944. Known as the 343rd Kokutai, it was under the command of the most experienced Japanese naval commander, Minoru Genda. His squadron consisted of Japanese aces, and their planes were all N1K2-Js. This "Genda's Blade" squadron was known as a squadron of experts, the elite of the Imperial Navy's aviators. The Americans quickly felt their skill in battle. For instance, in February of 1945, Midshipman Kaneyoshi "Kinsuke" Muto, piloting an N1K2-Ja, single-handedly attacked 10 F6F Hellcats, shooting four of them down and forcing the others to retreat.

The Shiden-Kai was an extremely unpleasant surprise for the Americans. The original Shiden was good, but this model, free of its predecessor's "childhood illnesses", was superb. It would soon become clear that even a pilot of average skill in a Shiden-Kai could challenge any Allied fighter, even the P-51 Mustang, which began its fight in the skies over Japan in the spring of 1945.

Production of the N1K2-J ended after Japan surrendered. In all, 1,435 Shidens of all variants were constructed, including 998 N1K1-Js and 415 N1K2-Js.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=n1k2_jko Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
{{Skin-gallery |market|ugcitem_1000528|N1K2-Ja Fictional Trainer.jpg|Camo "Primary Trainer"}}

== See also ==


;;Related Development

* [[N1K1]] - (Kyofu Model 11; Base hydroplane model)
* [[N1K1-Ja]] - (Shiden Model 11A; N1K1-J with 7.7mm's removed from the fuselage and 4x20mm in the wings)
* [[N1K2-J]] - (Shiden Kai Model 21; Redesigned wings and fuselage)

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/285073-kawanishi-n1k2-j/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Kawanishi}}
{{Japan fighters}}

N1K2-J

2022-12-20T20:52:48Z

U120610831: /* Survivability and armour */ EFS added in latest update

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = N1K (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=n1k2_j
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

[[File:FighterImage_N1K2 cockpit.jpg|thumbnail|right|Cockpit features good all-round visibility. The quite high mounted gun-sight allows for good sight in deflection shots, if a bit of rudder and aileron are applied.]]
The N1K2-J is a versatile plane that has its great acceleration and rate of climb as the main advantage. It lacks the impressive low-speed manoeuvrability of its preceding plane in the Japanese research tree, but it can still turn against most of its fighter opposition and win the engagement. The N1K2-J's battle rating presents the potential challenge of flying against fighter jets, against which N1K pilots will have to use their high sustained rate of climb, not to be left low and vulnerable against faster enemies, as well as to use their turning ability far superior to that of the average jet.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 609 || 594 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.4 || 20.5 || 11.7 || 14.2 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 675 || 650 || 18.5 || 19.0 || 23.2 || 18.2
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 498 || 469 || 320 || ~12 || ~10
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 430 || < 460 || < 400 || > 324
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 70 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen
* 12 mm Steel plate in pilot's seat

Engine fire system (EFS) added as a researchable modification in [[Update "Apex Predators"]].

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Top speed and acceleration is an issue with the stock aircraft, so flight performance modules such as compressor, engine and engine injection should be highly prioritized. Following the flight performance modules, survivability modules are recommended to help alleviate the weak airframe of the N1K2. Offensive 20 mm belts and new cannons should be the next acquired, as the stock Type 99 cannons are quite underwhelming and their stock belts are equally poor. Once upgraded however, the Type 99 cannons are excellent all-rounder weapons. Recommended belts are either the always good Universal, or Stealth if the pilot is familiar with the cannons and prefers a sneakier approach.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 99 Model 2 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 2 cannons, wing-mounted (200 + 250 rpg each wing = 900 total)

The Type 99 Model 2 cannons are very middle-of-the-road weapons that the pilot should be quite accustomed to by the time they reach the ''Shiden-Kai''. They are not outstanding at anything but not bad at anything either, allowing it to fill most niches accordingly. However, the cannons on the ''Shiden-Kai'' are noteworthy for being armed with a ludicrous 900 rounds of ammunition, holding some of the most rounds of any cannon-armed single-engine fighter in the game, being only surpassed by Japan's own [[J6K1]].

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|Navy Type 98 Number 25 (250 kg)}}
{{main|Type 3 No.1 Mod.28 Mk.1|Type 3 No.6 Mod.27 Mk.1|Type 5 No.1 Mod.9|Type 5 No.6 Mod.9}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (120 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg Navy Type 98 Number 25 bombs (500 kg total)
* 2 x Type 3 No.1 Mod.28 Mk.1 rockets
* 2 x Type 5 No.1 Mod.9 rockets
* 2 x Type 3 No.6 Mod.27 Mk.1 rockets
* 2 x Type 5 No.6 Mod.9 rockets

The N1K2-J can carry a number of additional loadouts under the wings. The rockets were designed for anti-air usage versus bombers, however they are quite inaccurate and only one salvo can be fired in RB/SB. Make sure to select a detonation range before spawning in. Feel free to experiment, 300-700 m are common values. The bigger 250 kg bombs are useful in long enduring games, where few players are left and victory is determined by the last ground units. Ignore the 60 kg, your cannons will do more damage in the long run.

== Usage in battles ==

The N1K2-J is a very tricky aircraft to use. It can face early jet fighters such as the [[F-80A-5]], [[Yak-15]]/[[Yak-17|17]], [[He 162 A-2|He 162]], [[J21RA|J]]/[[A21RB|A21R]], and in Arcade, the [[F-84B-26]]. These jet aircraft hold a hefty speed advantage over the ''Shiden-Kai'', but typically have very poor manoeuvrability, meaning the N1K pilot can abuse its excellent handling at medium speeds and shred the previously mentioned jets if their pilots are foolish enough to try and turn-fight. The one exception to this is the Yak-15, which retains the turning abilities of its airframe; the [[Yak-3]]. However, the Yak-15 suffers from a relatively low top speed and climb rate for a jet, along with sub-par vertical energy retention. Above all those, its ammunition pool is abysmal at only 120 rounds total, meaning the N1K2 pilot could potentially win an engagement just by remaining difficult to hit.

Although it can fight admirably against jets, the N1K2-J will find itself coming up short against many of the other nation's top tier superprops. It cannot keep up with the [[P-51H-5-NA|P-51H]], [[F4U-4B]], [[F8F-1B|F8F]], [[I-225]], [[La-9]], [[Tempest (Family)|Tempests]], [[Spitfire (Family)|Griffon Spitfires]], [[G.56]], [[Bf 109 (Family)|late Bf 109s]], or [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190 D's]] of its tier. Fortunately, most of the previously mentioned aircraft cannot turn with the N1K2, so the ''Shiden-Kai'' can use its superb mid-speed manoeuvrability to turn circles around its opponents. The main exception to this is the uncommon G.56, which is the closest thing the N1K2 has to a hard counter. It can turn with it, outspeed it, out-dive it, beat it in an energy fight and shred it with the triad of 20 mm MG 151s, so it is highly recommended to either avoid the G.56 or take it out while it's preoccupied with a teammate.

The N1K2-J can take on a relatively new role for Japanese fighters; a fighter/bomber. With its ability to mount 2 x 250 kg bombs or two of the massive Type 5 No.6 rockets, the N1K2 can be Japan's best ground attacker and will make enemy tanks quake in fear. The Type 98 Number 25 bombs are roughly equivalent to the American [[AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M64A1]] 500 lb bombs, and are mounted on wing racks, allowing for precise bomb placement on targets. On the flip-side, the Type 5 No.6 rockets have no direct comparison but play somewhat similarly to a watered-down American [[Tiny Tim]] rocket or Swedish [[hprak m/49]] rocket. Despite their relatively low velocity and higher weight, they are still quite accurate and are able to be launched quite close to the target with minimal threat of self-damage.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Flight Performance
** Reasonable manoeuvrability at medium speeds (300~500 km/h)
** Great energy retention
** Solid acceleration once upgraded
** Combat flaps are efficient while in dogfighting
** Decent rate of climb
** Relatively good diving characteristics for a Japanese aircraft
* Armament
** Large amount of ammunition (200~250 rpg with 900 rounds in total)
** Cannons themselves are reasonable in all aspects, and take far longer to jam than their contemporaries

'''Cons:'''

* Flight Performance
** Mediocre roll rate
** Severely stiffens at higher speeds
** Can be outmanoeuvred easily by the fighters at its tier if not used correctly
** Unless approached correctly, completely outclassed by the Spitfire Mk. IX and F8Fs
* Stock grind can be outright painful
** Weak stock belts, which can only be unlocked at tier III
* Can catch on fire easily, and often gets destroyed in the process
* Often faces jets

== History ==

{{main|N1K (Family)|l1=History of the N1K}}

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Kawanishi Shiden-Kai Model 21, Kawanishi N1K2-J (code name "George") Marine Interceptor-Fighter.

A single-seat, all-metal monoplane fighter with a closed canopy. The "Shiden" holds a unique place in the history of airplane construction. This land-based interceptor was based on the N1K1, which had been designed to support amphibious operations.

The first prototype N1K1 "Kyofu" ("Mighty Wind") was flown on May 6, 1942, and mass production began in May of 1943. However, when the first seaplanes started to arrive on the front, the situation in the Pacific theatre had changed so that this type of plane was simply no longer needed. Therefore, a land version project of the fighter was developed as a private initiative, based on the Kyofu. Originally it was planned that the only distinction between the two planes was that the Shiden-Kai would have retractable landing gear instead of floats, but it was quickly decided that the engine should be replaced with a more powerful alternative. A four-bladed propeller with a diameter of 3.3 m was selected for the plane. Such a large propeller size, along with the mid-wing aerodynamic design, forced the plane to be fitted with elongated, telescoping landing gear struts which folded during retraction.

The land-based version made its first flight on December 12, 1942. The prototype's private designation was the X1, and in mass production its designation became N1K1-J "Shiden" ("Purple Lightning"). Production began in August of 1943.

The new fighter proved to be an excellent interceptor. However, its operation was complicated by the frequent failure of its engine, the Homare 21, the complex design of its chassis, and its ineffective brakes. Consequently, the number of the N1K1-J's non-combat losses was very high. The next model of the Shiden was designed to eliminate these shortcomings.

The aircraft's redesign began simultaneously with the N1K1-J's military trials. The N1K2-J's first flight was made on December 31, 1943. The production model was designated the Shiden-Kai ("Purple Lightning Improved") Model 21 Marine Fighter-Interceptor.

The new model, like its predecessor, featured a 14-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, the Nakajima Homare 21 NK9H, with a takeoff power of 1820 hp. It also retained the basic wing construction and armament of the N1K1-J. However, the Shiden-Kai was really a new plane. During the planning phase, special attention was given to ensuring ease of production and, at least to some extent, the use of readily available materials. The Shiden-Kai, unlike its predecessor, had a low-wing design which allowed the use of conventional landing gear. The new design was finally rid of the N1K1-J's main operational problems.

The shape of the fuselage was completely changed and somewhat lengthened, and the vertical tail fin was completely redesigned. The empty weight of the aircraft was decreased by 240 kg.

The N1K2-J was armed with 4 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 2 wing-mounted cannons. The inner pair held 200 rounds of ammunition each and the outer held 250 each (900 rounds total).

On the two pylons suspended underneath its wings, the aircraft could carry two 250 kg type 98 or two 60 kg type 97 bombs. Or, it could carry unguided 60 kg No.27 rockets. In addition, an extra 400 litres fuel tank could be installed under the fuselage.

Because its centre of gravity was towards the plane's rear, the N1K2-J was somewhat difficult to control, and was usually flown by experienced pilots (especially former Zero pilots) after they underwent retraining.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=n1k2_j Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;;Related Development

* [[N1K1]] - (Kyofu Model 11; Base hydroplane model)
* [[N1K1-Ja]] - (Shiden Model 11A; N1K1-J with 7.7 mm MGs removed from the fuselage and 4 x 20 mm in the wings)
* [[N1K2-J]] - (Shiden Kai Model 21; Redesigned wings and fuselage)
* [[N1K2-Ja]] - (Shiden Kai Model 21A; More powerful engine, larger prop)

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/285073-kawanishi-n1k2-j/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Kawanishi}}
{{Japan fighters}}

47/32 mod.39 (47 mm)

2022-11-01T02:59:10Z

U120610831: /* Description */ quick note - it's basically a mod. 1935 as far as the game stats go

== Description ==
This gun was added with the newly introduced [[AS 42/47]] in the [[Update "Fire and Ice"]]. The mod. 1939 variant is functionally identical to the [[47/32 mod.35 (47 mm)|47/32 mod.35]] in terms of game stats, the only differences in the 1939 model having to do with non-game factors, such as easier disassembly to replace a worn barrel, or improved suspension of the towed version of the gun.<ref>https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/47/32_Mod._1935#Il_47/32_Mod._39</ref>

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|it_as_42_47}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

AS 42/47

2022-10-31T22:46:01Z

U120610831: /* Ammo racks */ Ammo rack info

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_as_42_47
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Fire and Ice"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Structural steel (chassis, gun breech, gun mount)
* Wheel (tires & spares)
* Gun Steel (cannon barrel)

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Armour!!Front (Slope angle)!!Sides!!Rear!!Roof
|-
|Chassis|| colspan="4" |3 mm
|-
|Gun mount|| colspan="3" |150 mm ''Gun Breech'' 20 mm ''Gunner's Seat'' 20 mm ''Elevation and Traverse Mechanisms''
|N/A
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Tires are 10 mm thick. * There is a spare tire on the front and on the rear of the vehicle.
* Storage boxes, fuel containers and fenders are 3 mm thick.
* Storage Boxes and fuel Containers cover much of the flanks in addition to the chassis armour.
* The belly of the car is 3 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


The AS-42/47 has very high mobility with speeds exceeding 80 km/h on concrete and 35 km/h offroad.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=156|rbMinHp=97}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|47/32 mod.39 (47 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[47/32 mod.39 (47 mm)|47 mm 47/32 mod.39]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 312 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±150° || rowspan="2" | N/A || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Granata Perforante mod.35 || APHE || __ || __ || __ || __ || __ || __
|-
| Granata Perforante mod.39 || APBC || __ || __ || __ || __ || __ || __
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Granata Perforante mod.35 || APHE || ___ || _.__ || __ || _._ || ___ || __° || __° || __°
|-
| Granata Perforante mod.39 || APBC || ___ || _.__ || __ || _._ || ___ || __° || __° || __°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====



{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
!7th
rack empty
!8th
rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''312''' || 274 ''(+38)'' || 235 ''(+77)'' || 196 ''(+116)'' || 157 ''(+155)'' || 118 ''(+194)'' || 79 ''(+233)''
|40 ''(+272)''
|''(see note)''
| __
|-
|}
Notes:

* Ammo is stored in the sides, in stacks of 39 shells, four stacks per side.
* Shells are modeled in groups of three.
* The right side contains racks 1 through 4, numbered from front to back, and the left side contains racks 5 through 8, from back to front.
* To go into battle with the right side empty, load 157 (+155) shells.
* It is not currently possible to start with all 8 racks empty; the ammo selection will present an error message stating that you "need to allocate at least 5 shells to participate in battle."

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

The AS (Autosahariana) 42 was derived from the AB 41 armoured car. It was, however, unarmoured and did not have the rear driver position. Designed for long-range reconnaissance in North Africa, it had a cross country range of almost 500 miles (800 km). It was also known as the Camionetta Desertica (Desert Weapons Carrier) mod. 42, or "la Sahariana" (the Saharan). The main armament varied: 20 mm anti-aircraft cannons (see the [[AS 42]] entry for details), 20 mm anti-tank rifles, and machine guns were common alternatives. For heavier firepower, some were fitted with a Breda M35 47 mm anti-tank gun, which is the variant described in this article. About 200 were built and saw service in North Africa, Sicily and Italy. After the armistice, some continued in use with Fascist Italian forces and Germany, including on the Eastern Front, and in the Ardennes in 1944-5.

Post-war, about a dozen survivors, painted amaranth red and disarmed, were used by the ''Polizia di Stato'' in Udine and Bologna.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPA-Viberti_AS.42</ref>
== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy tank destroyers}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]
<references />

AS 42

2022-10-31T20:02:57Z

U120610831: /* History */ Add citation ref to wikipedia article

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_as_42_metropolitana
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened as just '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian self-propelled anti-aircraft gun {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Structural steel (chassis, gun breech, gun mount)
* Wheel (tires & spares)
* Gun Steel (cannon barrel)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Chassis || colspan="4" style="text-align:center" | 3 mm
|-
| Gun mount || colspan="3" | 150 mm ''Gun Breech'' 20 mm ''Gunner's Seat'' 20 mm ''Elevation and Traverse Mechanisms'' || N/A
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Tires are 10 mm thick. * There is a spare tire on the front and on the rear of the vehicle.
* Storage boxes, fuel containers and fenders are 3 mm thick.
* Storage Boxes and fuel Containers cover much of the flanks in addition to the chassis armour.
* The belly of the car is 3 mm thick.

The {{PAGENAME}} lacks in armour and is very vulnerable to attacks from the air. While the sloped 3 mm of armour may be sufficient against standard machine guns, most heavy machine guns are able to shred this vehicle and as such it is not recommended to engage in slugging matches.

Though the armour itself is not sufficient against heavy machine guns, it is possible to use the rear engine compartment as armour to protect the crew from the heavy machine guns projectiles. The ammunition compartments at the sides of the vehicle may stop machine guns from penetrating all the way through to harm the crew, but these have dubious protection values in the long run. However, due to these extreme thin armour thickness, standard armour-piercing rounds tend to penetrate straight through with minimal damage.

The {{PAGENAME}} has 2 crew with ammo located in the flanks of the car. In rare cases, the gun's armour can protect the gunner.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=156|rbMinHp=97}}

The tank has very high mobility with speeds exceeding 80 km/h on concrete and 35 km/h offroad.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Breda Mod.35 (20 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Breda Mod.35 (20 mm)|20 mm Breda Mod.35]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 1,200 (12) || rowspan="2" | 240 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+90° || rowspan="2" | ±150° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 30.8 || 42.7 || 51.8 || 57.3 || 60.9 || rowspan="2" | 3.90 || rowspan="2" | 3.45 || rowspan="2" | 3.18 || rowspan="2" | 3.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 20.8 || 24.5 || 29.8 || 32.9 || 35.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - The belt composition means that 75% of the shells (HEFI-T*) are useless against tanks. However, this belt is reliable against open-topped or lightly armoured targets like SPAA vehicles.

* '''Granata mod.35:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - This belt does little damage against armoured targets and should be used especially against aircraft or open-topped vehicles. The high-explosive filler is deadly to crew members.

* '''Perforante mod.35:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} - This belt offers a good transition from the Default to the PzGr 40 belt. The round offers decent damage against lightly armoured tanks, especially at close range. Due to lack of high-explosive filler, however, it is better to focus on the PzGr 40 belt to maximize penetration power.

* '''PzGr 40:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} - Probably the belt with the best penetrating shell for the vehicle. While the damage effects post-penetration can be quite poor, the rapid fire from the autocannon can remedy this problem by following up quickly with another penetrating shot. In close combat, these shells should be used against modules and crew member to make the most of each shell. Against angled armour, however, the HVAP ammo may not be very effective.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || API-T/HEFI-T* || 38 || 36 || 27 || 19 || 14 || 10
|-
| Granata mod.35 || HEFI-T || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2
|-
| Perforante mod.35 || API-T || 38 || 36 || 27 || 19 || 14 || 10
|-
| PzGr 40 || HVAP-T/API-T || 48 || 45 || 31 || 20 || 14 || 10
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Belt details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Granata mod.35 || HEFI-T* || 830 || 0.14 || 0 || 0.1 || 3 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| Perforante mod.35 || API-T || 832 || 0.14 || 1.2 || 9 || 1.7 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! 12th rack empty
! 13th rack empty
! 14th rack empty
! 15th rack empty
! 16th rack empty
! 17th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''100''' || 94 ''(+6)'' || 88 ''(+12)'' || 82 ''(+18)'' || 76 ''(+24)'' || 70 ''(+30)'' || 64 ''(+36)'' || 58 ''(+42)'' || 52 ''(+48)'' || 46 ''(+54)'' || 40 ''(+60)'' || 34 ''(+66)'' || 28 ''(+72)'' || 22 ''(+78)'' || 16 ''(+84)'' || 10 ''(+90)'' || 4 ''(+96)'' || 0 ''(+100)'' || Yes
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
'''Notes''':

* The visual discrepancy is the rack 17. It contains 4 clips whereas only one is modeled.
* Racks 1 to 16 contain 6 clips each.
* Clips are modeled by sets of 2 and disappear from the rack after you've fired/loaded both clips in the set.

== Usage in battles ==


;Combat tactics

The main role of the {{PAGENAME}} is as an anti-air asset. Position the vehicle in an open space to be able to detect aircraft from a distance, usually near your spawn point. You can move forward and stay close to your teammates to offer the best AA support but you'll then become target to enemy tanks (especially with artillery strikes and MG fire). Engage approaching aircraft only under 1,000 m to increase your chances of hitting (ideal distance is 500-700 m) and avoid being detected too early. Your fire rate is poor for an AA gun so you have to shoot precisely and make every shot count. Your vehicle's protection is non-existent: plan to have an obstacle nearby you can use as cover (building, rock formation, etc).

You can also play as a scout car on some maps: use your speed to flank enemy forces and ambush them. Retreat and relocate after destroying an enemy. Avoid frontal engagements at all cost as your vehicle and your crew are fully unprotected. Keep in mind that you have good mobility on hard terrain (solid ground, roads, etc.) but not on soft terrain (mud, sand, snow) because of your tires. The big turn radius of the {{PAGENAME}} also prevents it from sneaking through narrow passages in urban maps. Drive precisely: any obstacle will immobilize you very quickly if you don't pay attention and your mobility is key to your survival in this role.

;Notable enemies

Pretty much any enemy can destroy the {{PAGENAME}} in seconds. The most lethal enemies are:

* Strafing planes. The biggest threat is enemy aircraft, as even a 7.62 mm MG can kill your SPAA in one burst.
* Vehicles equipped with heavy machine guns. They will destroy you from 1 km distance in a heartbeat.
* Tanks firing HEAT or HE shells. The blast effect is deadly to your already limited and unprotected crew.
* Heavily armoured tanks that are immune to your gun, even if you catch them by surprise.

;How to defeat a {{PAGENAME}}

Being a vehicle without any armour, it remains a vehicle easy to destroy: the 2 quickest ways to deal with the {{PAGENAME}} are MG/autocannons and HEAT/HE projectiles. But any shell with explosive filler will do.
Avoid close quarters and engage from long distance to increase your armour advantage while decreasing the {{PAGENAME}}'s firepower.
You can also force your opponent to play on a terrain hindering its mobility (mud, snow, sand) to negate its main advantage. Aim for the driver or the engine to immobilize it, meaning almost certain death for a barely protected vehicle.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High top speed
* Access to PzGr 40 rounds
* Sloped frontal armour, may deflect some rounds
* High penetration for the 20 mm cannon
* Small profile helps when flanking the enemy

'''Cons:'''

* Small magazine for SPAA
* Virtually no protection at all, even rifle rounds will penetrate the armour
* Only has two crew members
* Crew is exposed

== History ==


The AS (Autosahariana) 42 was derived from the AB 41 armoured car. It was, however, unarmoured and did not have the rear driver position. Designed for long-range reconnaissance in North Africa, it had a cross country range of almost 500 miles (800 km). It was also known as the Camionetta Desertica (Desert Weapons Carrier) mod. 42, or "la Sahariana" (the Saharan). The main armament varied: 20 mm anti-aircraft cannons, 20 mm anti-tank rifles, and machine guns were common alternatives. For heavier firepower, some were fitted with a Breda M35 47 mm anti-tank gun, represented by the [[AS 42/47]]. About 200 were built and saw service in North Africa, Sicily and Italy. After the armistice, some continued in use with Fascist Italian forces and Germany, including on the Eastern Front, and in the Ardennes in 1944-5.

Post-war, about a dozen survivors, painted amaranth red and disarmed, were used by the ''Polizia di Stato'' in Udine and Bologna.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPA-Viberti_AS.42</ref>

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_as_42_metropolitana Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|ND8CwYH8-io|'''{{PAGENAME}} Review: Great with the CR42 as backup! Not so much at taking hits...''' - ''Joseph 2000''|nR4lecy5CBA|'''Camionetta SPA-Viberti AS42 Light Italian Truck - The Italian Desert Raider''' - ''Tanks Encyclopedia''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Type 94]]
* [[Flakpanzer I]]
* [[Pvlvv fm/42]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:SPA-Viberti_AS.42|[Wikipedia] SPA-Viberti AS.42]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/italy/Camioneta_AS-42_Sahariana.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Camionetta SPA-Viberti AS42]

{{Italy anti-aircraft vehicles}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

AS 42/47

2022-10-31T20:01:53Z

U120610831: /* History */ Copy basic history from AS 42 article and tweak to match this vehicle

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_as_42_47
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Fire and Ice"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Structural steel (chassis, gun breech, gun mount)
* Wheel (tires & spares)
* Gun Steel (cannon barrel)

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Armour!!Front (Slope angle)!!Sides!!Rear!!Roof
|-
|Chassis|| colspan="4" |3 mm
|-
|Gun mount|| colspan="3" |150 mm ''Gun Breech'' 20 mm ''Gunner's Seat'' 20 mm ''Elevation and Traverse Mechanisms''
|N/A
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Tires are 10 mm thick. * There is a spare tire on the front and on the rear of the vehicle.
* Storage boxes, fuel containers and fenders are 3 mm thick.
* Storage Boxes and fuel Containers cover much of the flanks in addition to the chassis armour.
* The belly of the car is 3 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


The AS-42/47 has very high mobility with speeds exceeding 80 km/h on concrete and 35 km/h offroad.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=156|rbMinHp=97}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|47/32 mod.39 (47 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[47/32 mod.39 (47 mm)|47 mm 47/32 mod.39]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 312 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±150° || rowspan="2" | N/A || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Granata Perforante mod.35 || APHE || __ || __ || __ || __ || __ || __
|-
| Granata Perforante mod.39 || APBC || __ || __ || __ || __ || __ || __
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Granata Perforante mod.35 || APHE || ___ || _.__ || __ || _._ || ___ || __° || __° || __°
|-
| Granata Perforante mod.39 || APBC || ___ || _.__ || __ || _._ || ___ || __° || __° || __°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''312''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

The AS (Autosahariana) 42 was derived from the AB 41 armoured car. It was, however, unarmoured and did not have the rear driver position. Designed for long-range reconnaissance in North Africa, it had a cross country range of almost 500 miles (800 km). It was also known as the Camionetta Desertica (Desert Weapons Carrier) mod. 42, or "la Sahariana" (the Saharan). The main armament varied: 20 mm anti-aircraft cannons (see the [[AS 42]] entry for details), 20 mm anti-tank rifles, and machine guns were common alternatives. For heavier firepower, some were fitted with a Breda M35 47 mm anti-tank gun, which is the variant described in this article. About 200 were built and saw service in North Africa, Sicily and Italy. After the armistice, some continued in use with Fascist Italian forces and Germany, including on the Eastern Front, and in the Ardennes in 1944-5.

Post-war, about a dozen survivors, painted amaranth red and disarmed, were used by the ''Polizia di Stato'' in Udine and Bologna.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPA-Viberti_AS.42</ref>
== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy tank destroyers}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

AS 42

2022-10-31T19:58:03Z

U120610831: /* History */ Add link to the AS 42/47, new addition in Fire and Ice update

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_as_42_metropolitana
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened as just '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian self-propelled anti-aircraft gun {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Structural steel (chassis, gun breech, gun mount)
* Wheel (tires & spares)
* Gun Steel (cannon barrel)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Chassis || colspan="4" style="text-align:center" | 3 mm
|-
| Gun mount || colspan="3" | 150 mm ''Gun Breech'' 20 mm ''Gunner's Seat'' 20 mm ''Elevation and Traverse Mechanisms'' || N/A
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Tires are 10 mm thick. * There is a spare tire on the front and on the rear of the vehicle.
* Storage boxes, fuel containers and fenders are 3 mm thick.
* Storage Boxes and fuel Containers cover much of the flanks in addition to the chassis armour.
* The belly of the car is 3 mm thick.

The {{PAGENAME}} lacks in armour and is very vulnerable to attacks from the air. While the sloped 3 mm of armour may be sufficient against standard machine guns, most heavy machine guns are able to shred this vehicle and as such it is not recommended to engage in slugging matches.

Though the armour itself is not sufficient against heavy machine guns, it is possible to use the rear engine compartment as armour to protect the crew from the heavy machine guns projectiles. The ammunition compartments at the sides of the vehicle may stop machine guns from penetrating all the way through to harm the crew, but these have dubious protection values in the long run. However, due to these extreme thin armour thickness, standard armour-piercing rounds tend to penetrate straight through with minimal damage.

The {{PAGENAME}} has 2 crew with ammo located in the flanks of the car. In rare cases, the gun's armour can protect the gunner.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=156|rbMinHp=97}}

The tank has very high mobility with speeds exceeding 80 km/h on concrete and 35 km/h offroad.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Breda Mod.35 (20 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Breda Mod.35 (20 mm)|20 mm Breda Mod.35]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 1,200 (12) || rowspan="2" | 240 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+90° || rowspan="2" | ±150° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 30.8 || 42.7 || 51.8 || 57.3 || 60.9 || rowspan="2" | 3.90 || rowspan="2" | 3.45 || rowspan="2" | 3.18 || rowspan="2" | 3.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 20.8 || 24.5 || 29.8 || 32.9 || 35.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - The belt composition means that 75% of the shells (HEFI-T*) are useless against tanks. However, this belt is reliable against open-topped or lightly armoured targets like SPAA vehicles.

* '''Granata mod.35:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - This belt does little damage against armoured targets and should be used especially against aircraft or open-topped vehicles. The high-explosive filler is deadly to crew members.

* '''Perforante mod.35:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} - This belt offers a good transition from the Default to the PzGr 40 belt. The round offers decent damage against lightly armoured tanks, especially at close range. Due to lack of high-explosive filler, however, it is better to focus on the PzGr 40 belt to maximize penetration power.

* '''PzGr 40:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} - Probably the belt with the best penetrating shell for the vehicle. While the damage effects post-penetration can be quite poor, the rapid fire from the autocannon can remedy this problem by following up quickly with another penetrating shot. In close combat, these shells should be used against modules and crew member to make the most of each shell. Against angled armour, however, the HVAP ammo may not be very effective.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || API-T/HEFI-T* || 38 || 36 || 27 || 19 || 14 || 10
|-
| Granata mod.35 || HEFI-T || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2
|-
| Perforante mod.35 || API-T || 38 || 36 || 27 || 19 || 14 || 10
|-
| PzGr 40 || HVAP-T/API-T || 48 || 45 || 31 || 20 || 14 || 10
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Belt details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Granata mod.35 || HEFI-T* || 830 || 0.14 || 0 || 0.1 || 3 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| Perforante mod.35 || API-T || 832 || 0.14 || 1.2 || 9 || 1.7 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! 12th rack empty
! 13th rack empty
! 14th rack empty
! 15th rack empty
! 16th rack empty
! 17th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''100''' || 94 ''(+6)'' || 88 ''(+12)'' || 82 ''(+18)'' || 76 ''(+24)'' || 70 ''(+30)'' || 64 ''(+36)'' || 58 ''(+42)'' || 52 ''(+48)'' || 46 ''(+54)'' || 40 ''(+60)'' || 34 ''(+66)'' || 28 ''(+72)'' || 22 ''(+78)'' || 16 ''(+84)'' || 10 ''(+90)'' || 4 ''(+96)'' || 0 ''(+100)'' || Yes
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
'''Notes''':

* The visual discrepancy is the rack 17. It contains 4 clips whereas only one is modeled.
* Racks 1 to 16 contain 6 clips each.
* Clips are modeled by sets of 2 and disappear from the rack after you've fired/loaded both clips in the set.

== Usage in battles ==


;Combat tactics

The main role of the {{PAGENAME}} is as an anti-air asset. Position the vehicle in an open space to be able to detect aircraft from a distance, usually near your spawn point. You can move forward and stay close to your teammates to offer the best AA support but you'll then become target to enemy tanks (especially with artillery strikes and MG fire). Engage approaching aircraft only under 1,000 m to increase your chances of hitting (ideal distance is 500-700 m) and avoid being detected too early. Your fire rate is poor for an AA gun so you have to shoot precisely and make every shot count. Your vehicle's protection is non-existent: plan to have an obstacle nearby you can use as cover (building, rock formation, etc).

You can also play as a scout car on some maps: use your speed to flank enemy forces and ambush them. Retreat and relocate after destroying an enemy. Avoid frontal engagements at all cost as your vehicle and your crew are fully unprotected. Keep in mind that you have good mobility on hard terrain (solid ground, roads, etc.) but not on soft terrain (mud, sand, snow) because of your tires. The big turn radius of the {{PAGENAME}} also prevents it from sneaking through narrow passages in urban maps. Drive precisely: any obstacle will immobilize you very quickly if you don't pay attention and your mobility is key to your survival in this role.

;Notable enemies

Pretty much any enemy can destroy the {{PAGENAME}} in seconds. The most lethal enemies are:

* Strafing planes. The biggest threat is enemy aircraft, as even a 7.62 mm MG can kill your SPAA in one burst.
* Vehicles equipped with heavy machine guns. They will destroy you from 1 km distance in a heartbeat.
* Tanks firing HEAT or HE shells. The blast effect is deadly to your already limited and unprotected crew.
* Heavily armoured tanks that are immune to your gun, even if you catch them by surprise.

;How to defeat a {{PAGENAME}}

Being a vehicle without any armour, it remains a vehicle easy to destroy: the 2 quickest ways to deal with the {{PAGENAME}} are MG/autocannons and HEAT/HE projectiles. But any shell with explosive filler will do.
Avoid close quarters and engage from long distance to increase your armour advantage while decreasing the {{PAGENAME}}'s firepower.
You can also force your opponent to play on a terrain hindering its mobility (mud, snow, sand) to negate its main advantage. Aim for the driver or the engine to immobilize it, meaning almost certain death for a barely protected vehicle.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High top speed
* Access to PzGr 40 rounds
* Sloped frontal armour, may deflect some rounds
* High penetration for the 20 mm cannon
* Small profile helps when flanking the enemy

'''Cons:'''

* Small magazine for SPAA
* Virtually no protection at all, even rifle rounds will penetrate the armour
* Only has two crew members
* Crew is exposed

== History ==


The AS (Autosahariana) 42 was derived from the AB 41 armoured car. It was, however, unarmoured and did not have the rear driver position. Designed for long-range reconnaissance in North Africa, it had a cross country range of almost 500 miles (800 km). It was also known as the Camionetta Desertica (Desert Weapons Carrier) mod. 42, or "la Sahariana" (the Saharan). The main armament varied: 20 mm anti-aircraft cannons, 20 mm anti-tank rifles, and machine guns were common alternatives. For heavier firepower, some were fitted with a Breda M35 47 mm anti-tank gun, represented by the [[AS 42/47]]. About 200 were built and saw service in North Africa, Sicily and Italy. After the armistice, some continued in use with Fascist Italian forces and Germany, including on the Eastern Front, and in the Ardennes in 1944-5.

Post-war, about a dozen survivors, painted amaranth red and disarmed, were used by the ''Polizia di Stato'' in Udine and Bologna.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_as_42_metropolitana Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|ND8CwYH8-io|'''{{PAGENAME}} Review: Great with the CR42 as backup! Not so much at taking hits...''' - ''Joseph 2000''|nR4lecy5CBA|'''Camionetta SPA-Viberti AS42 Light Italian Truck - The Italian Desert Raider''' - ''Tanks Encyclopedia''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Type 94]]
* [[Flakpanzer I]]
* [[Pvlvv fm/42]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:SPA-Viberti_AS.42|[Wikipedia] SPA-Viberti AS.42]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/italy/Camioneta_AS-42_Sahariana.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Camionetta SPA-Viberti AS42]

{{Italy anti-aircraft vehicles}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

User:U120610831

2022-10-27T04:42:00Z

U120610831:

Hey, welcome to my user page. (Are user pages even a "thing" on this wiki? I'm not sure yet, but this seems like a good way to find out.)

I first joined War Thunder in July 2021, and mostly just fiddled around with Rank I arcade battles for a long while, though I've been spending much more time in Air RB recently.

I also have been editing articles on the original English-language Wikipedia for years, so I'm very interested in the "wiki" model of knowledge collection and am looking for opportunities to help out here. If there is a "wish list" page or something like that, perhaps someone could let me know.

More about me: I am an adult male, reside in California, and work in the tech industry. I like military history, which is a big part of why I'm interested in this game.

By the way:

* Ich spreche auch Deutsch.
* Я очень плохо говорю по-русски

[[User:U120610831|U120610831]] ([[User talk:U120610831|talk]]) 17:47, 21 February 2022 (UTC)

User:U120610831

2022-10-27T04:41:32Z

U120610831: added some personal details and language info

Hey, welcome to my user page. (Are user pages even a "thing" on this wiki? I'm not sure yet, but this seems like a good way to find out.)

I first joined War Thunder in July 2021, and mostly just fiddled around with Rank I arcade battles for a long while, though I've been spending much more time in Air RB recently.

I also have been editing articles on the original English-language Wikipedia for years, so I'm very interested in the "wiki" model of knowledge collection and am looking for opportunities to help out here. If there is a "wish list" page or something like that, perhaps someone could let me know.

More about me: I am an adult male, reside in California, and work in the tech industry. I like military history, which is a big part of why I'm interested in this game.

By the way:

* Ich spreche auch Deutsch.
* Я очень плохо говорю по-русскию

[[User:U120610831|U120610831]] ([[User talk:U120610831|talk]]) 17:47, 21 February 2022 (UTC)

User talk:U120610831

2022-10-27T04:34:09Z

U120610831: Created page with "I am a somewhat competent wiki editor, an enthusiatic amateur mil-hist geek, and a barely-competent War Thunder player. I edit occasionally when time allows, and I am always w..."

I am a somewhat competent wiki editor, an enthusiatic amateur mil-hist geek, and a barely-competent War Thunder player. I edit occasionally when time allows, and I am always willing to learn.

Talk to me.

--[[User:U120610831|U120610831]] ([[User talk:U120610831|talk]]) 04:34, 27 October 2022 (UTC)

Fokker D.XXI-3 (Sweden)

2022-10-27T00:35:05Z

U120610831: /* Usage in battles */ Start the battle usage section

{{Specs-Card
|code=fokker_d21_serie3_finland
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Fire and Ice"]]. Apart from the armament (see below) and a bit of armour behind the pilot, it is broadly similar to the premium [[Fokker D.XXI|D.XXI]] that was introduced in [[Update "Ixwa Strike"]]: primitive but rugged, slow but very manoeuverable. The loss in punch of its offensive armament (four 7.7 mm Brownings instead of the two 7.7 mm and two 20 mm cannon in the premium version) is partially offset by the lower BR (1.7 instead of 2.0). Even stock, the engine can be run at WEP for extended periods of time without overheating.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | ___
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || > ___
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* Armour: one 9 mm steel plate behind pilot's seat
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (1 in front of pilot)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|FN-Browning M.36 No.3 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.7 mm FN-Browning M.36 No.3 machine guns, nose-mounted (500 rpg = 2,000 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm FN-Browning M.36 No.3 machine guns, wing-mounted (500 rpg = 2,000 total)

== Usage in battles ==

The Fokker D.XXI-3 is highly agile for its class, and many opponents (except biplanes) will often struggle to get a good shot. The downside to its maoeuvrability is its speed. The Fokker D.XXI-3 is quite primitive, with only landing flaps, and fixed landing gear causing considerable drag. This makes the Fokker D.XXI-3 unable to run away from most opponents, as even some biplanes are capable of catching up. This doesn't mean the plane is weak however, as the engine provides excellent power for such a light machine, allowing it to climb high above most targets.

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Sweden fighters}}

Fokker D.XXI-3 (Sweden)

2022-10-27T00:28:40Z

U120610831: /* Description */ Note pilot armour

{{Specs-Card
|code=fokker_d21_serie3_finland
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Fire and Ice"]]. Apart from the armament (see below) and a bit of armour behind the pilot, it is broadly similar to the premium [[Fokker D.XXI|D.XXI]] that was introduced in [[Update "Ixwa Strike"]]: primitive but rugged, slow but very manoeuverable. The loss in punch of its offensive armament (four 7.7 mm Brownings instead of the two 7.7 mm and two 20 mm cannon in the premium version) is partially offset by the lower BR (1.7 instead of 2.0). Even stock, the engine can be run at WEP for extended periods of time without overheating.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | ___
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || > ___
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* Armour: one 9 mm steel plate behind pilot's seat
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (1 in front of pilot)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|FN-Browning M.36 No.3 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.7 mm FN-Browning M.36 No.3 machine guns, nose-mounted (500 rpg = 2,000 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm FN-Browning M.36 No.3 machine guns, wing-mounted (500 rpg = 2,000 total)

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Sweden fighters}}

Fokker D.XXI-3 (Sweden)

2022-10-27T00:27:55Z

U120610831: /* Survivability and armour */ Note armor plate and self-sealing tank

{{Specs-Card
|code=fokker_d21_serie3_finland
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Fire and Ice"]]. Apart from the armament, it is broadly similar to the premium [[Fokker D.XXI|D.XXI]] that was introduced in [[Update "Ixwa Strike"]]: primitive but rugged, slow but very manoeuverable. The loss in punch of its offensive armament (four 7.7 mm Brownings instead of the two 7.7 mm and two 20 mm cannon in the premium version) is partially offset by the lower BR (1.7 instead of 2.0). Even stock, the engine can be run at WEP for extended periods of time without overheating.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | ___
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || > ___
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

* Armour: one 9 mm steel plate behind pilot's seat
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (1 in front of pilot)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|FN-Browning M.36 No.3 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.7 mm FN-Browning M.36 No.3 machine guns, nose-mounted (500 rpg = 2,000 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm FN-Browning M.36 No.3 machine guns, wing-mounted (500 rpg = 2,000 total)

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Sweden fighters}}

Fokker D.XXI-3 (Sweden)

2022-10-27T00:23:36Z

U120610831: /* Description */ Add a bit of description with reference to the previous premium D.XXI

{{Specs-Card
|code=fokker_d21_serie3_finland
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Fire and Ice"]]. Apart from the armament, it is broadly similar to the premium [[Fokker D.XXI|D.XXI]] that was introduced in [[Update "Ixwa Strike"]]: primitive but rugged, slow but very manoeuverable. The loss in punch of its offensive armament (four 7.7 mm Brownings instead of the two 7.7 mm and two 20 mm cannon in the premium version) is partially offset by the lower BR (1.7 instead of 2.0). Even stock, the engine can be run at WEP for extended periods of time without overheating.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | ___
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || > ___
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|FN-Browning M.36 No.3 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.7 mm FN-Browning M.36 No.3 machine guns, nose-mounted (500 rpg = 2,000 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm FN-Browning M.36 No.3 machine guns, wing-mounted (500 rpg = 2,000 total)

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Sweden fighters}}

Fw 190 A-4

2022-09-03T21:38:55Z

U120610831: /* Armaments */ Add a bit of info for 20 mm ammo

{{About
| about = German fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Fw 190 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=fw-190a-4
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.43]].

''"Würger"'' is the German nickname of this beast of a plane, or in English, Shrike. It can also be translated as ''slayer'', ''choker'', or ''strangler''. In that regard fits the English designation well too: ''"Butcher-bird"''

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,800 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 619 || 603 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 23.4 || 24.0 || 10.6 || 10.6 || rowspan="2" | 420
|-
! Upgraded
| 675 || 648 || 20.9 || 22.0 || 18.4 || 14.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 700 || 310 || ~13 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 420 || < 300 || < 550 || > 320
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,500 m || 1,520 hp || 1,727 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,300 m || 1,420 hp || 1,613 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 3 mm Steel - Fore engine cowling
* 5 mm Steel - Secondary engine cowling
* 6 mm Steel - Lower engine plate
* 8 mm Steel - Lower cockpit/fuel tank plate
* 5 mm Steel - Rear fuel tank plate
* 6 mm Steel - Pilot seat back (first plate)
* 8 mm Steel - Pilot seat back (second plate)
* 12 mm Steel - Headrest
* 57 mm Bulletproof glass
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (1 underneath pilot's feet, 1 below and behind pilot)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|MG 151 (20 mm)|MG FF/M (20 mm)|MG 17 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, wing-mounted (250 rpg = 500 total)
* 2 x 20 mm MG FF/M cannons, wing-mounted (90 rpg = 180 total)
* 2 x 7.92 mm MG 17 machine guns, nose-mounted (900 rpg = 1,800 total)

Pilots who are really experienced with the aiming and hitting of the MG151/20 might want to use stealth belts on the MGs and cannons, to avoid being spotted by tracers. Using stealth belts on the machine guns only is also useful for aiming the cannon more easily without the distraction provided by the light machine gun tracers.

==== '''7.92mm MG 17''' ====
Best belts, depending on your intended target:

*Air Targets: Universal (AP-T/AP/AI/AP-I)
*Ground Targets: Tracer (AP-T)

The best ammunition available for use with machine guns is Universal. Universal utilizes armour-piercing tracer rounds, armour-piercing rounds, adjustment incendiary rounds, and armour-piercing incendiary rounds.

==== '''20 mm MG 151''' ====
Best belts, depending on your intended target:

*Air Targets: Air targets (AP-I/HEI/HEI/HEI/HEI/IT) - Consisting of 2/3 Minengeschoße, this belt is very effective against any aircraft.
*Ground Targets: Armored targets (APHE/APHE/APHE/IT)

The best ammo to use for both cannons is the Air Target belts. They will destroy fighters and bombers faster than tracers. They are different for both cannons, however. For the MG 151's they have a high explosive incendiary shell, armour-piercing shell, and incendiary tracer shell costing 110 silver lions per "per reload". The Mg FF/M's have high explosive incendiary shell, Fragmentation incendiary tracer shell (self-destroying) and armour piercing high explosive shell which cost 40 Sliver Lions "per reload."

==== '''20 mm MG FF/M''' ====
The Minengeschoß (HEI) round is the star performer for this gun, so the belts that maximize that round are usually the best:

*Air targets (FI-T*/HEI/HEI/FI-T*/HEI/HEI/APHE)
*Stealth (APHE/HEI/HEI/HEI/AP-I)

Note: In the Modifications pane, both cannon are only listed as "Offensive 20 mm"; the MG 151 is on the left and the MG FF/M is on the right.

== Usage in battles ==

The A-4 is a punishing Boom & Zoom fighter. The armament is fantastic and dive speed/top-speed is very good. Use this to your advantage. As should be familiar now with the previous Focke-Wulf (and future models), the turning capabilities of this plane are very poor. Dogfighting is not recommended with the Fw 190.

This should not discourage you from seizing opportunities, however. A Fw 190 A-4 in a balanced furball can be devastating when acting as a wingman, keeping other fighters from attacking your teammates. These opponents are less focused on evading you, as they are busy trying to attack your allies, giving you the time to line up the shot. As soon as the fight begins to tip in the enemies' favour, it's time for you to make a quick disappearance, as enemies actively trying to get on your tail will almost always succeed.

The 190-A4's weapon set is fantastic, too. Four 20 mm cannons are more than enough to rip any plane to shreds and the backup MGs, while not particularly damaging against other fighters at this tier, are great for strafing light ground targets like AA guns. Your firepower is only rivalled by the Airacobras and the twin-engine heavy fighters.

The Fw 190 A-4, as all the planes in this line, are some of the best Boom & Zoomers in the game and should be flown exclusively in this style. But like the [[Fw 190 A-1|Fw 190 A-1]], it is one of the more manoeuvrable Focke-Wulfs. The performance at high speeds is excellent, as is it's dive and climb characteristics. '''Do not ever engage this aircraft in a turn fight''' as this will usually end badly. Instead, fight primarily in the vertical. Always try to have an altitude or speed advantage over your opponents (climb off to the side at the start of the battle and then enter the highest battle you come across).

In the defensive, as in the previous plane, you can often just dive away from most planes at high speed. In a dive, the 190 can, due to its short wings, pull quite some stunts to lose your attacker or even cause him to lose his wings! Again, be sure to regain your energy and altitude after a fight.

The best tactic for this plane is Boom and Zoom tactics, although careful energy-fighting works well too at higher speeds. There are generally two types of Boom & Zoom strategies: '''Tailing Boom & Zoom''' or '''Burst Boom & Zoom''':

A '''Tailing Boom & Zoom''' is when the pilot sweeps in behind a target and follows (or "tails") him for a few seconds before breaking away. The benefit of doing this is that the attacker has a longer time to aim and take down the target. This comes at the cost of having less energy to climb back up afterwards, and you are a fairly easy target for other nearby enemies.

If you remain behind your target for too long, you will lose too much energy and won't be able to climb back up to safety. Any turning involved makes your situation worse, though remember that smart foes in more agile planes will often try to counter this tactic by baiting you into a turn. Keeping their plane just out of your sights entices you to keep following them for just another second more until they've drained your speed and then you will be a slow, easy target.

'''Burst Boom & Zoom''' is when a pilot dives down directly onto an enemy, fires a 1-2 second burst at close range, and immediately zooms back up to a safe altitude. The benefits of this tactic, as opposed to the former, is you have far more speed to climb back up and you will be safer from return fire, as you will have spent less time in the enemy's "zone". The problem with this is that you have far less time to shoot, and may not even damage the enemy if your aim is off even by a little.

====Specific enemies worth noting====

Some planes, you might see which are very deadly opponents are the: [[Spitfire_F_Mk_IX|Spitfires]], [[Typhoon_Mk_Ib/L|Typhoons]], [[Beaufighter_Mk_21|Beaufighters]], [[P-51D-5|Mustangs]], [[Yak-9U|Yakovlevs]], [[B-17E/L|B-17s]] and the [[Wellington_Mk_Ic/L|Wellingtons]] These planes should not be underestimated, they can all fight this aircraft extremely well.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent firepower
* Excellent roll rate for defensive manoeuvres
* Great energy retention and great acceleration in dives
* Good climb rate
* Good top speed
* Good supply of cannon ammo for MG 151
* Engine almost never overheats even on WEP
* Excellent flaps

'''Cons:'''

* Loses power above 5,000 m (16,400 ft.) steadily
* Stalls quickly, and is difficult to control once stalled
* Very bad turn rate, as a trade-off for the high dive speed
* Terrible stock grind
* Only 90 rounds per gun for MG FF/M
* Sluggish at lower speeds (around <350 km/h)

== History ==


{{main|Fw_190_A-1#History|l1=History of the Fw 190 A-1}}

===Development===
After shortcomings of the A-1 were identified, the Fw 190 was continuously improved. This led to the following variants:

* Fw 190 A-2: first introduced in October 1941, it saw the introduction of the improved engine BMW 801 C-2 and two 20 mm MG 151/20 cannons replacing both wing-mounted 7.92 mm MGs,
* Fw 190 A-3: it saw an increase in power to 1,700 PS with the BMW 801 D-2 engine. It retained the same weaponry as the A-2. The FuG 7 HF radio was switched to the FuG 16 VHF radio, giving it a longer range.
* Fw 190 A-4: introduced in July 1942, the A-4 was the same aircraft as the A-3. The main improvement was the water-methanol power boost system "MW 50" for the BMW 801 engine. The system injected for a short period of time a water-methanol mix into the cylinders to raise the engine's power limit. The methanol was intended as anti-freeze. The {{PAGENAME}} went into production in late 1942 and 975 units were produced in 1942 and 1943.

===Combat usage===
The {{PAGENAME}} saw combat extensively on all fronts:

* It was the first Fw 190 to see combat on the Eastern front in 1942 thanks to its water-methanol power boost system.
* The tropical variant of the A-4 was sent in Libya to support the Afrika Korps in 1942.
* The first unit created to intercept USAF and RAF bomber formations in 1943 was equipped with Fw 190 A-4s.
* Fighter squadrons stationed in France also received the A-4 in 1943 and used its dual role as fighter-bomber to harass English coastal towns.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=fw-190a-4 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|t3xD7JpnHeI|'''Best aircraft for Boom & Zoom''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 2:27 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|F-fGJt6dVoU|'''Realistic: {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''Jengar''|pNNDfnXOMSo|'''{{PAGENAME}} Defensive Techniques Tutorial I''' - ''Green Fury''|_xdMVz4-XP8|'''{{PAGENAME}} Defensive Techniques VS Spitfires Tutorial II''' - ''Green Fury''|vtCKzvbLfNg|'''The Shooting Range #18''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:03 discusses the Fw 190A.|7u73BAg9k9Y|'''{{PAGENAME}} - Fear No-One''' - ''tx141T''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Fw 190 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.ru/index.php?/topic/116454-fw-190-a-4/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance (Russian Forum)]
* [[wikipedia:Focke-Wulf_Fw_190|[Wikipedia] Focke-Wulf Fw 190]]
* [http://www.airvectors.net/avfw190.html <nowiki>[Air Vectors]</nowiki> The Focke-Wulf Fw 190]

{{AirManufacturer Focke-Wulf}}
{{Germany fighters}}

Re.2002 Early

2022-09-01T20:03:26Z

U120610831: /* Usage in battles */ Add a couple of battle usage notes regarding maneuver on deck and the unadvisability of head-ons

{{Specs-Card
|code=re_2002_early
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.89 "Imperial Navy"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

While the Re.2002 looks like a modernized variant of the Re.2000 (and is, in fact, a design derived from the Re.2000), one must never forget the Re.2002 was designed to be a fighter bomber, not a pure-bred fighter. It does have a more powerful engine, but its overall weight is noticeably higher. Combined with rather bad climb rate and mediocre manoeuvrability, the Re.2002 is really an attacker disguised as a fighter. It is thus recommended to treat it like a single-seat attacker and use the corresponding play style.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 511 || 496 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.0 || 20.7 || 10.0 || 10.0 || rowspan="2" | 150
|-
! Upgraded
| 551 || 530 || 18.1 || 19.0 || 15.8 || 12.6
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 457 || 428 || 280 || ~10 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 350 || < 350 || < 380 || > 200
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 8 mm Steel - Pilot's seat
* 8 mm Steel - Armoured plate behind the pilot
* 50 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen
* Critical components located at the front of aircraft (pilot, engine, controls)
* Fuel tank in the fuselage behind the pilot
* More fuel tanks located in wings near the fuselage

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)|Breda-SAFAT (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (390 rpg left + 450 rpg right = 840 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, wing-mounted (630 rpg = 1,260 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|GP 50 (50 kg)|GP 100T (100 kg)|GP 250 (250 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 1 x 250 kg GP 250 bomb (250 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg GP 250 bomb + 2 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (350 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg GP 250 bomb + 2 x 100 kg GP 100T bombs (450 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==

Given its low manoeuvrability, bad climb rate and low speed, the Re.2002 should be used as a single-seat attacker. For this purpose, it can carry quite a formidable payload for its size and rank - a single 250 kg bomb and up to 2 x 100 kg bombs, which adds up to 450 kg. In the air RB, this payload will come in handy for destroying a pillbox or two or knocking out some tanks, and you can use your MGs against softer targets.

However, if you do end up in an engagement, note that you can even deploy your takeoff flaps up to 428 km/h, which when combined with brief bursts of WEP can sometimes provide a nasty surprise for an enemy fighter that thought it had the low-altitude maneuver advantage against all those slow, vulnerable ground-attack planes. And low-altitude fights are the ones you are likely to have in this machine.

However, it is in tank RB where the machine is truly useful. Given its low battle rating, its top payload is fully able to destroy any tank on the given BR spread and its 250 kg bomb has enough punch to knock out multiple targets if you're lucky (or skilled) enough to hit a cluster of thin-skinned vehicles. You can also use the Re.2002 as an impromptu dive bomber with the advantage of being able to defend itself against enemy fighters. But don't mistake the Re.2002 for a proper CAS plane, as it lacks the payload and the armour protection for repeated attacks, especially against prepared AA defense. The Re.2002 is thus great for hit and run attacks, after which you can either return to your airfield and rearm, or you can climb a little and try to pick off any sneaking enemy CAS aircraft.

With a subpar agility, climb rate and speed, but possessing a good payload for its rank, the Re.2002 is an attacker disguised as a fighter and should never be brought into a direct dogfight. Also, beware of head-on engagements; the only thing protecting your pilot from the front is a small piece of armored glass and a large Piaggio radial engine that loves to catch fire.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good payload for its rank
* Large ammunition supply for its guns
* Armament is great for destroying light ground targets (AAA, artillery, armoured cars, etc.)
* Has armour, like the [[Re.2000 G.A.|previous vehicle]]

'''Cons:'''

* Subpar agility
* Low climb rate
* Engine overheats quickly even with all modifications researched

== History ==

The Re. 2002 was a return to the radial engine, combining the new structural features of the Re. 2001 with an engine comparable to the Re. 2000's. Agile and sturdy, it was the best fighter-bomber/attack plane the Italians had, and was respected by the Luftwaffe, who seized 60 of them when Italy surrendered. In total, 225 were built, the last 40 for the Luftwaffe. Another 40 continued on with Italian forces fighting with the Allies.

Reggiane had been unable to find sufficient DB 601 engines (being produced on license in Italy) to keep up with demand for the Re. 2001, so they switched back to a Piaggio-designed radial. This meant the wing system of the Re. 2001 could be kept in the new model. It first flew in October, 1940, and the Italian Air Force placed its first order in September, 1941. It first became operational in July of 1943, during the invasion of Sicily.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/453511-re-2002/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Reggiane}}
{{Italy fighters}}

Ki-43-III otsu

2022-08-29T19:20:41Z

U120610831: /* Usage in battles */ Add note on ammo usage

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Ki-43 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ki_43_3_otsu
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]].

The Ki-43-III otsu is as a rank three aircraft in the Japanese Army Air Force line. Like its rank two brethren, it is an extremely manoeuvrable and lightweight aircraft. It has exceptional climb and roll rate making it a fairly hard target to hit in the hands of a skilled player. The trade-off, however, is its extremely fragile nature - a good hit even from a plane equipped with rifle-calibre guns could do some serious damage if one doesn't push the plane to its limits in any of the game modes. On the other hand, the rather modest pair of fuselage-mounted 12.7 mm Ho-103s of the [[Ki-43-II]] have been replaced with a pair of the hard-hitting Ho-5 20 mm cannons, which for its battle-rating gives the Hayabusa the power it needs to take down anything it opposes. Like many of the Japanese fighters, dogfighting is the key to staying alive. By using the combat flaps and throttle in a optimal manner, this aircraft can get behind nearly every opponent it meets in a low to mid altitude dogfight. With a modest ammo load of 300 rounds, trigger discipline is important here. It is best to get up close (200-500 m is optimal) and then let off several short bursts, firing until the enemy is critically damaged or the plane is destroyed.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,800 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 546 || 528 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 16.2 || 17.2 || 11.3 || 11.3 || rowspan="2" | 200
|-
! Upgraded
| 610 || 574 || 15.8 || 16.0 || 24.1 || 16.6
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 661  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 387 || 371 || 250 || ~10 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 370 || < 350 || < 450 || > 296
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 12 mm Steel plate behind pilot

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The stock 20 mm cannon belts are weak, consisting of 1/3 "practice" shells. Research the "Offensive 20 mm belts" as quickly as possible. Otherwise there is not a lot necessary to upgrade, mainly performance modules. The engine and compressor modules do wonders. Payload unlocks should be considered last. The Ki-43 is a fighter, and not a ground attacker like the [[B7A2]].

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Ho-5 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Ho-5 cannons, nose-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Army Type 94 GPHE (50 kg)|Army Type 94 GPHE (100 kg)|Army Type 92 GPHE (250 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 50 kg Army Type 94 GPHE bombs (100 kg total)
* 2 x 100 kg Army Type 94 GPHE bombs (200 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg Army Type 92 GPHE bombs (500 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==

Like the Zeros, the Ki-43 is exceptionally light and manoeuvrable. Unlike the Zeros, the Ki-43 has a ridiculous roll rate making it the closest one can get to playing an arcade-esque plane in RB.

Unfortunately, this comes at a cost. The Ki-43 sees primarily American planes which are far faster in both level flight and dive while having significantly better armament. Evading fire becomes difficult when facing planes such as the [[P-47N-15]] which has 8 x M2 Browning .50 cals which are extremely deadly and have a ridiculous volume of fire.

As such, the Ki-43 is almost entirely dependent on siphoning kills from unwary pilots, pilot errors, manoeuvre kills, and pilot frustration which makes it quite a difficult plane to play. However, if played right, and abusing its insane roll rate and turn time, you can take down multiple enemies with your cannon and force others to crash out of frustration and over-eagerness. Note that this aircraft will experience severe rudder lockup when faster than around 450 km/h, resulting in awkward aiming adjustments if the target manoeuvres, so you need to cut throttle appropriately to control your speed.

While having sufficient flight characteristics, the Ki-43 is extremely fragile and can get critically damaged by almost all guns. From the hard-hitting M2 Browning to the fast-firing MG 15, ''any'' gun can badly hurt the Ki-43 especially on the engine, fuel tanks, and pilot which can always lead to a later crash. Before attacking try to get an altitude advantage and perform deflection shots. To maximise the damage aim for their wings and engines, as the fuselage usually soaks up lots of bullets. Only fire when the target passes in front of your guns. This short window might seem inadequate to do anything, but an accurate burst can blow off some control surfaces / damage the engine. And sometimes it only takes one bullet to set the target aflame, if you are lucky. Short bursts also maximize your limited ammo capacity; with 150 rounds per gun, you only have 9.5 seconds of firing time.

====Tactics====

When using the Ki-43-III otsu, do remember this plane can easily out manoeuvre anything it may face. Do not try to go head on with enemy planes as even a single round can damage your plane. Instead, position for a head on, but pull off about 1.2 km out, go under the enemy aircraft, and loop around for a shot. You may need to repeat this manoeuvre several times to secure a firing position.

* In Simulator, the Ki-43 is overall a decent plane. It has very forgiving characteristics such as good over-the-nose visibility, a clear bubble canopy without much framing and good backwards visibility. This increases your chance of spotting, tracking, and/or dodging since you can see targets from almost every direction with ease (except the underside, of course). It is recommended to set keybind for moving your head vertically to make full use of the great forward vision in a dogfight. However, its wings are located directly below the cockpit meaning that you cannot see what is below your sides which can lead to you losing track of the enemy. You should get used to searching towards your 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10 o'clock, avoiding the wings.
* Note that when taking off the Ki-43 will shift severely to the left due to the propeller torque, so it is recommended to set keybinds for left and right brakes to effectively control your direction on the runway. Using rudder alone will not work at low speed and you will either circle around or lose control and crash into nearby structures like tents/hangars.
* Landing is very beginner-friendly too. It is able to decelerate quickly while also having low stall speed, allowing you to quickly slow down and descend onto the runway. Takeoff and landing flaps do not lift up the nose a lot so you can easily remain overall parallel to the ground. It also performs great when braking as its nose will not usually dip into the ground, so you can keep braking until it fully stops (given that you deflect elevators fully upwards) which is vital for preparing the next fight quickly.
* It has very good handling at most speeds. It does not wobble a lot which is an advantage over the biplanes and early monoplane fighters, making it easier to smooth the aim. You should familiarise the shape of those that you should not turn with: the Spitfires have long, straight nose with an inline engine, rather large and elliptical wings. The Zeros have an overall cylindrical fuselage that merges into a pointy tail after the stabilisers, a radial engine and are usually painted white (early models). If you see them on your tail try outrunning them by diving at around -40 degrees. The Ki-43 still remains responsive handling at 500 km/h, but its speed retention is poor, meaning it will start to lose speed quickly and the enemy might catch up. If you are near a friendly airfield, great. If not, then hope for the best and run towards the friendly side. Don't forget to pitch up and down a little to mess up their aim.

====Specific enemies worth noting====

Most Allied opponents at the battle rating can outrun the Ki-43 with ease. Most concerning are planes such as the P-47D/N or F4U Corsair, as both planes are over 80 km/h (50 mph) faster on the deck and also possess exceptional .50 cal armament. Use the Ki-43's manoeuvrability to dodge shots and try to slowly drain the energy of your opponent and force mistakes.

When facing the Ki-43-III otsu do remember that it is very manoeuvrable and that it can easily out turn what it faces therefore try to apply Boom & Zoom tactics against a Ki-43-III otsu.

* It will be very challenging when facing against the Chinese/American Ki-43, as both of you have the same characteristics. You cannot outrun each other and cannot out-turn each other, so the fight will be a combination of various manoeuvres and techniques, and of course, the pilot's skills. However, now you have a better chance of critically damaging them within a short firing window which is always an advantage. Note that the Ki-43 has similar appearance as the Ki-44 and can be misjudged as a Ki-44 or a Zero which are also in the Chinese/American tree. Comparing to the Ki-43, the Ki-44 has a slightly bigger engine and the canopy is shifted backwards. The Chinese Zero is painted dark brown with a silver spinner, while the American one is in greyish-blue. They all turn well and have accelerate well in a dive.
* When it comes to intercepting ground pounders or bombers, the Ki-43 generally performs poorly since the targets are all quite robust against your weak guns. Some examples are the IL-2 which is commonly seen in Sim. It can get mistakenly seen as other aircraft from a distance due to its common appearance. But up close you will see two bomb-like structures underneath its wings and triangular stabilisers with rounded tips. The early IL-2s have no defensive guns so it is safe to sit behind and carefully aim. They are heavily armoured in the cockpit and engine so avoid aiming at these areas. Instead target the tail to hope for disabling their tail control. The late IL-2s, however, have a rear-facing Berezin UB which is something you definitely want to avoid. Perform deflection shots from oblique angles (e.g. sides, top & bottom) or just disengage.

* Typhoon Mk Ib/L: this is a very capable opponent, it is quite fast, climbs well, has reasonable manoeuvrability, and has 4 x 20 mm cannons that can fatally damage the Ki-43. If you are attacking, get an altitude advantage first and BnZ it. If you are being attacked by it, evade its first pass and immediately start a turnfight. You need to deploy combat / takeoff flaps, or even landing flaps if needed to push your turn rate to the limit. Several circles are needed, don't panic to see the Typhoon keeping up with your turns at first. With appropriate flaps, the Ki-43 will slowly out turn it, allowing you to get onto its tail. The Typhoon overall resembles a Hurricane, except its symbolic giant intake below the engine.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent rate of climb
* Decent level & dive speed at its place
* Extremely manoeuvrable
* Quick roll rate
* Good armament
* Decent ammo capacity
* Low stall speed
* Useful flaps in a turnfight
* Good all-round cockpit visibility in simulator
* Forgiving landing characteristics

'''Cons:'''

* Lightly armoured
* Can catch fire easily due to the lack of armoured fuel tanks
* Can feel a bit like a paper airplane handling-wise
* Extremely slow, at 507 km/h on the deck
* Poor high-alt performance
* Energy retention and dive speed is abysmal
* Wing rips can happen very easily if one performs high speed manoeuvres (~11 G)
* Rudder locks up at around >=450 km/h, meaning that you will miss quite some passes due to the aim not being able to adjust horizontally

== History ==

In early 1937 the Army recognized the need for a new single seat fighter. Instead of going through the normal process of requesting manufacturers to submit designs, the Army contracted with Nakajima directly to produce a replacement for their Ki-27 (Army Type 97) fighter. The requirements laid out to Nakajima for this new fighter was for it to have a top speed of 311 mph, to be able to reach 16,405 ft within five minutes, to have a minimum range of 500 miles, it was to be armed with two 7.7 mm machine guns, and to not lose any of the manoeuvrability of the Ki-27. The first prototype of what was to become the Ki-43 was completed in December 1938 with 2 more following soon after in 1939, however upon testing it was found that these airplanes did not live up the Army's expectations. The complaints from test pilots included that the plane was not manoeuvrable enough, hard to control, and had visibility issues.

Following the evaluation of the initial 3 prototypes, Nakajima would develop 10 testing aircraft with various modifications in order to address the armies concerns. The changes tested included giving the fighter the HA-105 engine, replacing the 7.7 mm machine guns with 12.7 mm machine guns, upgrading the outer skin to a treated duralumin, narrower fuselage, redesigned tail surfaces, modifications to the wing design, and the introduction of butterfly flaps. The last improvement in particular helped the plane to overcome its lack of manoeuvrability that the Army had issue with. After these designed prototypes were tested the Army settled on what they saw was the optimum configuration and requested that it be equipped with the Nakajima Ha-25 engine. The plane entered production as the Ki-43-Ia (Army Type 1 Fighter Model 1A) with the first example completing production in April 1941. This model was soon replaced with the Ki-43-Ib (Army Type 1 Fighter Model 1B) which replaced one of the 7.7 mm machine guns with a 12.7 mm machine gun which was also soon replaced by the Ki-43-Ic (Army Type 1 Fighter Model 1C) which was equipped with two 12.7 mm machine gun.

After some time in the field, the Ki-43 was to receive a major upgrade based on feedback from pilots, which included replacing the Ha-25 engine with the more powerful Ha-115 engine, a two stage supercharger, pilot armour, self-sealing fuel tanks and many more minor improvements. The first prototype of what was to become the Ki-43-II (Army Type 1 Fighter Model 2) was completed in February 1942. The last major modification of the Ki-43 was done in 1944, combining the minor modifications of the IIa and IIb with the more powerful Nakajima Ha-115-II engine. These minor modifications over the Ki-43-II included a reduced wing-span (improving the plane's low and medium speed performance), increased pilot armour, improved oil cooler, and modified carburetor intake. This new Ki-43-IIIa (Army Type 1 Fighter Model 3A) entered production in October 1944 with approximately 1,000 being completed before the war ended. The Ki-43 would become the most numerous of all the Japanese Army's fighters. While operating in Malaysia and Burma the plane received the codename "Jim" and in the Pacific Theatre it received the allied codename "Oscar". The codename "Oscar" was eventually selected as the official code name for the airplane by the Allies.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ki_43_3_otsu Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|V2grV9sYBfE|'''The Shooting Range #7''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:40 discusses the Ki-43-III otsu.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/285067-nakajima-ki-43-iii-otsu/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Nakajima}}
{{Japan fighters}}

Ki-43-III otsu

2022-08-29T18:54:53Z

U120610831: /* Modifications and economy */ Add detail on ammo

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Ki-43 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ki_43_3_otsu
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]].

The Ki-43-III otsu is as a rank three aircraft in the Japanese Army Air Force line. Like its rank two brethren, it is an extremely manoeuvrable and lightweight aircraft. It has exceptional climb and roll rate making it a fairly hard target to hit in the hands of a skilled player. The trade-off, however, is its extremely fragile nature - a good hit even from a plane equipped with rifle-calibre guns could do some serious damage if one doesn't push the plane to its limits in any of the game modes. On the other hand, the rather modest pair of fuselage-mounted 12.7 mm Ho-103s of the [[Ki-43-II]] have been replaced with a pair of the hard-hitting Ho-5 20 mm cannons, which for its battle-rating gives the Hayabusa the power it needs to take down anything it opposes. Like many of the Japanese fighters, dogfighting is the key to staying alive. By using the combat flaps and throttle in a optimal manner, this aircraft can get behind nearly every opponent it meets in a low to mid altitude dogfight. With a modest ammo load of 300 rounds, trigger discipline is important here. It is best to get up close (200-500 m is optimal) and then let off several short bursts, firing until the enemy is critically damaged or the plane is destroyed.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,800 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 546 || 528 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 16.2 || 17.2 || 11.3 || 11.3 || rowspan="2" | 200
|-
! Upgraded
| 610 || 574 || 15.8 || 16.0 || 24.1 || 16.6
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 661  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 387 || 371 || 250 || ~10 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 370 || < 350 || < 450 || > 296
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 12 mm Steel plate behind pilot

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The stock 20 mm cannon belts are weak, consisting of 1/3 "practice" shells. Research the "Offensive 20 mm belts" as quickly as possible. Otherwise there is not a lot necessary to upgrade, mainly performance modules. The engine and compressor modules do wonders. Payload unlocks should be considered last. The Ki-43 is a fighter, and not a ground attacker like the [[B7A2]].

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Ho-5 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Ho-5 cannons, nose-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Army Type 94 GPHE (50 kg)|Army Type 94 GPHE (100 kg)|Army Type 92 GPHE (250 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 50 kg Army Type 94 GPHE bombs (100 kg total)
* 2 x 100 kg Army Type 94 GPHE bombs (200 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg Army Type 92 GPHE bombs (500 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==

Like the Zeros, the Ki-43 is exceptionally light and manoeuvrable. Unlike the Zeros, the Ki-43 has a ridiculous roll rate making it the closest one can get to playing an arcade-esque plane in RB.

Unfortunately, this comes at a cost. The Ki-43 sees primarily American planes which are far faster in both level flight and dive while having significantly better armament. Evading fire becomes difficult when facing planes such as the [[P-47N-15]] which has 8 x M2 Browning .50 cals which are extremely deadly and have a ridiculous volume of fire.

As such, the Ki-43 is almost entirely dependent on siphoning kills from unwary pilots, pilot errors, manoeuvre kills, and pilot frustration which makes it quite a difficult plane to play. However, if played right, and abusing its insane roll rate and turn time, you can take down multiple enemies with your cannon and force others to crash out of frustration and over-eagerness. Note that this aircraft will experience severe rudder lockup when faster than around 450 km/h, resulting in awkward aiming adjustments if the target manoeuvres, so you need to cut throttle appropriately to control your speed.

While having sufficient flight characteristics, the Ki-43 is extremely fragile and can get critically damaged by almost all guns. From the hard-hitting M2 Browning to the fast-firing MG 15, ''any'' gun can badly hurt the Ki-43 especially on the engine, fuel tanks, and pilot which can always lead to a later crash. Before attacking try to get an altitude advantage and perform deflection shots. To maximise the damage aim for their wings and engines, as the fuselage usually soaks up lots of bullets. Only fire when the target passes in front of your guns. This short window might seem inadequate to do anything, but an accurate burst can blow off some control surfaces / damage the engine. And sometimes it only takes one bullet to set the target aflame, if you are lucky.

====Tactics====

When using the Ki-43-III otsu, do remember this plane can easily out manoeuvre anything it may face. Do not try to go head on with enemy planes as even a single round can damage your plane. Instead, position for a head on, but pull off about 1.2 km out, go under the enemy aircraft, and loop around for a shot. You may need to repeat this manoeuvre several times to secure a firing position.

* In Simulator, the Ki-43 is overall a decent plane. It has very forgiving characteristics such as good over-the-nose visibility, a clear bubble canopy without much framing and good backwards visibility. This increases your chance of spotting, tracking, and/or dodging since you can see targets from almost every direction with ease (except the underside, of course). It is recommended to set keybind for moving your head vertically to make full use of the great forward vision in a dogfight. However, its wings are located directly below the cockpit meaning that you cannot see what is below your sides which can lead to you losing track of the enemy. You should get used to searching towards your 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10 o'clock, avoiding the wings.
* Note that when taking off the Ki-43 will shift severely to the left due to the propeller torque, so it is recommended to set keybinds for left and right brakes to effectively control your direction on the runway. Using rudder alone will not work at low speed and you will either circle around or lose control and crash into nearby structures like tents/hangars.
* Landing is very beginner-friendly too. It is able to decelerate quickly while also having low stall speed, allowing you to quickly slow down and descend onto the runway. Takeoff and landing flaps do not lift up the nose a lot so you can easily remain overall parallel to the ground. It also performs great when braking as its nose will not usually dip into the ground, so you can keep braking until it fully stops (given that you deflect elevators fully upwards) which is vital for preparing the next fight quickly.
* It has very good handling at most speeds. It does not wobble a lot which is an advantage over the biplanes and early monoplane fighters, making it easier to smooth the aim. You should familiarise the shape of those that you should not turn with: the Spitfires have long, straight nose with an inline engine, rather large and elliptical wings. The Zeros have an overall cylindrical fuselage that merges into a pointy tail after the stabilisers, a radial engine and are usually painted white (early models). If you see them on your tail try outrunning them by diving at around -40 degrees. The Ki-43 still remains responsive handling at 500 km/h, but its speed retention is poor, meaning it will start to lose speed quickly and the enemy might catch up. If you are near a friendly airfield, great. If not, then hope for the best and run towards the friendly side. Don't forget to pitch up and down a little to mess up their aim.

====Specific enemies worth noting====

Most Allied opponents at the battle rating can outrun the Ki-43 with ease. Most concerning are planes such as the P-47D/N or F4U Corsair, as both planes are over 80 km/h (50 mph) faster on the deck and also possess exceptional .50 cal armament. Use the Ki-43's manoeuvrability to dodge shots and try to slowly drain the energy of your opponent and force mistakes.

When facing the Ki-43-III otsu do remember that it is very manoeuvrable and that it can easily out turn what it faces therefore try to apply Boom & Zoom tactics against a Ki-43-III otsu.

* It will be very challenging when facing against the Chinese/American Ki-43, as both of you have the same characteristics. You cannot outrun each other and cannot out-turn each other, so the fight will be a combination of various manoeuvres and techniques, and of course, the pilot's skills. However, now you have a better chance of critically damaging them within a short firing window which is always an advantage. Note that the Ki-43 has similar appearance as the Ki-44 and can be misjudged as a Ki-44 or a Zero which are also in the Chinese/American tree. Comparing to the Ki-43, the Ki-44 has a slightly bigger engine and the canopy is shifted backwards. The Chinese Zero is painted dark brown with a silver spinner, while the American one is in greyish-blue. They all turn well and have accelerate well in a dive.
* When it comes to intercepting ground pounders or bombers, the Ki-43 generally performs poorly since the targets are all quite robust against your weak guns. Some examples are the IL-2 which is commonly seen in Sim. It can get mistakenly seen as other aircraft from a distance due to its common appearance. But up close you will see two bomb-like structures underneath its wings and triangular stabilisers with rounded tips. The early IL-2s have no defensive guns so it is safe to sit behind and carefully aim. They are heavily armoured in the cockpit and engine so avoid aiming at these areas. Instead target the tail to hope for disabling their tail control. The late IL-2s, however, have a rear-facing Berezin UB which is something you definitely want to avoid. Perform deflection shots from oblique angles (e.g. sides, top & bottom) or just disengage.

* Typhoon Mk Ib/L: this is a very capable opponent, it is quite fast, climbs well, has reasonable manoeuvrability, and has 4 x 20 mm cannons that can fatally damage the Ki-43. If you are attacking, get an altitude advantage first and BnZ it. If you are being attacked by it, evade its first pass and immediately start a turnfight. You need to deploy combat / takeoff flaps, or even landing flaps if needed to push your turn rate to the limit. Several circles are needed, don't panic to see the Typhoon keeping up with your turns at first. With appropriate flaps, the Ki-43 will slowly out turn it, allowing you to get onto its tail. The Typhoon overall resembles a Hurricane, except its symbolic giant intake below the engine.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent rate of climb
* Decent level & dive speed at its place
* Extremely manoeuvrable
* Quick roll rate
* Good armament
* Decent ammo capacity
* Low stall speed
* Useful flaps in a turnfight
* Good all-round cockpit visibility in simulator
* Forgiving landing characteristics

'''Cons:'''

* Lightly armoured
* Can catch fire easily due to the lack of armoured fuel tanks
* Can feel a bit like a paper airplane handling-wise
* Extremely slow, at 507 km/h on the deck
* Poor high-alt performance
* Energy retention and dive speed is abysmal
* Wing rips can happen very easily if one performs high speed manoeuvres (~11 G)
* Rudder locks up at around >=450 km/h, meaning that you will miss quite some passes due to the aim not being able to adjust horizontally

== History ==

In early 1937 the Army recognized the need for a new single seat fighter. Instead of going through the normal process of requesting manufacturers to submit designs, the Army contracted with Nakajima directly to produce a replacement for their Ki-27 (Army Type 97) fighter. The requirements laid out to Nakajima for this new fighter was for it to have a top speed of 311 mph, to be able to reach 16,405 ft within five minutes, to have a minimum range of 500 miles, it was to be armed with two 7.7 mm machine guns, and to not lose any of the manoeuvrability of the Ki-27. The first prototype of what was to become the Ki-43 was completed in December 1938 with 2 more following soon after in 1939, however upon testing it was found that these airplanes did not live up the Army's expectations. The complaints from test pilots included that the plane was not manoeuvrable enough, hard to control, and had visibility issues.

Following the evaluation of the initial 3 prototypes, Nakajima would develop 10 testing aircraft with various modifications in order to address the armies concerns. The changes tested included giving the fighter the HA-105 engine, replacing the 7.7 mm machine guns with 12.7 mm machine guns, upgrading the outer skin to a treated duralumin, narrower fuselage, redesigned tail surfaces, modifications to the wing design, and the introduction of butterfly flaps. The last improvement in particular helped the plane to overcome its lack of manoeuvrability that the Army had issue with. After these designed prototypes were tested the Army settled on what they saw was the optimum configuration and requested that it be equipped with the Nakajima Ha-25 engine. The plane entered production as the Ki-43-Ia (Army Type 1 Fighter Model 1A) with the first example completing production in April 1941. This model was soon replaced with the Ki-43-Ib (Army Type 1 Fighter Model 1B) which replaced one of the 7.7 mm machine guns with a 12.7 mm machine gun which was also soon replaced by the Ki-43-Ic (Army Type 1 Fighter Model 1C) which was equipped with two 12.7 mm machine gun.

After some time in the field, the Ki-43 was to receive a major upgrade based on feedback from pilots, which included replacing the Ha-25 engine with the more powerful Ha-115 engine, a two stage supercharger, pilot armour, self-sealing fuel tanks and many more minor improvements. The first prototype of what was to become the Ki-43-II (Army Type 1 Fighter Model 2) was completed in February 1942. The last major modification of the Ki-43 was done in 1944, combining the minor modifications of the IIa and IIb with the more powerful Nakajima Ha-115-II engine. These minor modifications over the Ki-43-II included a reduced wing-span (improving the plane's low and medium speed performance), increased pilot armour, improved oil cooler, and modified carburetor intake. This new Ki-43-IIIa (Army Type 1 Fighter Model 3A) entered production in October 1944 with approximately 1,000 being completed before the war ended. The Ki-43 would become the most numerous of all the Japanese Army's fighters. While operating in Malaysia and Burma the plane received the codename "Jim" and in the Pacific Theatre it received the allied codename "Oscar". The codename "Oscar" was eventually selected as the official code name for the airplane by the Allies.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ki_43_3_otsu Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|V2grV9sYBfE|'''The Shooting Range #7''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:40 discusses the Ki-43-III otsu.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/285067-nakajima-ki-43-iii-otsu/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Nakajima}}
{{Japan fighters}}