War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Ki-45 tei

2024-10-08T04:39:51Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = Japanese twin-engine fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Ki-45 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ki-45_tei
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==
[[File:A Ki-45 flying over Guadalcanal .png|alt=Be careful when a enemy gets on your tail. The Ki-45 can be out-maneuver by almost every other rank one plane |thumb|A Ki-45 flying over Guadalcanal]]
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was the last mass produced variant of the Ki-45 series of fighter/striker aircrafts. It was the successor of the Ki-45 hei, a variant dedicated to engage naval assets. This version was conceived as a night fighter, equipped with the same 37mm Ho-203 autocannon as that found on the Ki-45 "otsu/乙" and "hei/丙". However, this time it came with two fixed 20mm Ho-5 cannons in Schräge Musik-style positions as well as its Type 98 7.92mm MG on the back operated by the gunner/radio operator.

Being a classed as a heavy fighter, the Ki-45 isn't the best in the manoeuvrability category. However, for a heavy fighter, it manoeuvres very well. It is even capable of out-turning aircraft such as the [[P-47D-25]]. Unlike heavy fighters of other nations, the Ki-45 series does not feature aircraft with large amounts of heavy weaponry. This is a major downside, considering how heavy fighters traditionally give up manoeuvrability and speed for armament. Instead, the Ki-45s utilize more of an equilibrium between manoeuvrability, speed, and armament. These are what makes the Ki-45 both a capable dog-fighter, and bomber hunter.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,300 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 546 || 535 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.2 || 25.6 || 16.5 || 16.5 || rowspan="2" | 520
|-
! Upgraded
| 590 || 570 || 23.7 || 24.0 || 23.0 || 19.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 450 || 444 || 308 || ~11 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 360 || < 320 || < 450 || > 330
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 16 mm Steel plates behind the pilot

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Instead of focusing on armament like other heavy fighters, the Ki-45 is more balanced between armament and flight performance. While the default ammunition belts for both weapons on the Ki-45 ko are workable, it can help to upgrade. Unlocking the flight performance modules will help drastically in dogfights and turn fights.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Ho-203 (37 mm)|Ho-5 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 37 mm Ho-203 cannon, nose-mounted (15 rpg)
* 2 x 20 mm Ho-5 cannons, Schräge Musik (100 rpg = 200 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Army Type 92 GPHE (250 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 kg Army Type 92 GPHE bombs (500 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Type 98 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.92 mm Type 98 machine gun, dorsal turret (1,050 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==


The Ki-45 tei features the first "Schräge Musik" armament of the series. Wielding one Ho-204 37 mm cannon and two Ho-5 20 mm cannons, the Ki-45 tei is the definition of a bomber hunter. Its 37 mm cannon allows the Toryu to take down bombers with ease, and its dual 20 mm cannons allow for even more flexibility in the bomber hunting department. Although deadly, the 37 mm cannon only holds 15 rounds, so shot placement is crucial. The round itself also travels fairly slowly in the air, making it hard to hit fast moving enemy fighters. The 20 mm cannons are best used in a secondary weapon role, as they are fixed at an upward angle. To use these weapons, one must bind a key to them via the in-game controls menu (it is on the first page that comes up, basic). Unique to the tei model, this Ki-45's ground attack role is improved due to the ability to equip bombs.

The Ki-45 tei also retains its impressive turn rate from the [[Ki-45 otsu]]. Although the aircraft itself is large and presents an "easy target" in many players' minds, the Ki-45 is rather nimble. Use this to your advantage when engaging enemy aircraft. Unfortunately, the Ki-45 is a heavy fighter, meaning its turn time is still not on par with other aircraft such as the [[F2A-3]]. In certain cases, the Ki-45 pilot may have to rely on their tail gunner to get the job done. The "tei" version of the Ki-45 features a 7.92 mm Type 98 machine gun with 1050 rounds. Although somewhat lacklustre, with a few well-placed shots, it is possible to destroy enemies on the aircraft's tail. Aim for the pilot or the engine, as those are generally the weakest points on most aircraft. If the tailing enemy is a biplane, aim for the wings since they are very fragile.

The Toryu is also rather fragile for a heavy fighter. Although it does feature two engines, the Ki-45 does not have very much armour protection. Only the back of the pilot's seat and the nose has armour, leaving both the gunner and engines unprotected. This can prove costly in a fight. If one does find him or herself tailed, call upon teammates for assistance.

* In simulator, the Ki-45 has a decent frontal view with large pieces of glass in front, on top and to the sides, ensuring great visibility. The gunsight has enough room under, allowing easy tracking and leading of targets. However the side views are terrible as the wings & engines block out most of the view downwards, and a thick frame blocks out the upper area, as a result the common way of circling above an area to spot something is extremely limited. Rear visibility is almost non existent with the entire tail obstructed by the headset.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Highly powerful 37 mm cannon
* Good manoeuvrability and climb rate for a heavy fighter
* Acceptable top speed
* 16.5 mm of armour in pilot's seat and added armour in the nose around cannon barrel
* Two engine design
* Capable of carrying 2 x 250 kg, unlike other Ki-45 variants

'''Cons:'''

* Beat in turn fights by many single-engine fighter aircraft
* Prone to fuel and engine fires
* Locks up at higher speeds
* Mediocre roll rate, gets worse as speed increases
* Limited ammunition for all weapons
* Lack of protection around fuel tanks, engines, and gunner
* Long cannon reload time in Arcade
* Pilot is exposed in head-ons
* Very little anti-fighter capabilities
* Hard to use the Schräge Musik effectively

== History ==

Initially designed to be a bomber escort, the Ki-45 was first deployed in what is now China and Vietnam. It was found to be easily outclassed by P-40s piloted by the Flying Tigers. As a result, the Ki-45's role was changed to anti-shipping and ground attack, where it performed satisfactorily. Nonetheless, the Ki-45's greatest strength proved to be its bomber intercepting capabilities. Heavily armed with 37mm cannon, the Toryu (Dragon Slayer) could destroy heavy bombers with ease. As the war progressed, the need for an interceptor to defend the Japanese mainland was ever present. Soon, the Ki-45 was deployed to counter B-29 Superfortress raids. Although its armament was clearly deadly enough, the Ki-45 suffered at high altitudes. Pilots soon resorted to ramming attacks against the Superfortresses. Special attack groups specifically designed for this purpose formed, but by late 1945 Imperial Japan's fate had been sealed. The Allies allocated the name "Nick" to the Ki-45.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Kawasaki Ki-45 KAI Tei (Model D) Type 2 Toryu (Allied reporting name: Nick) twin-engine army fighter

The Ki-45 KAI Tei fighter-bomber was built along with the night-fighter variant.

The armament on this version included one 37 mm Ho-204 cannon, with 15 rounds, mounted in the forward fuselage, and two 20 mm Но-5 cannons, with 100 rounds each, mounted at an angle in the upper fuselage.

Bomb racks were mounted under the centre wing section, one on each side of the fuselage, to suspend two 250 kg bombs.

The nacelles of the Mitsubishi Ha-102 engines had individual jet exhaust pipes to increase speed and reduce exhaust glow at night. Also, the barrels of the Но-5 cannons were equipped with flame arresters.

One Ki-45 KAI Tei aircraft was equipped with a 75 mm anti-tank gun, but its recoil proved to be too high for the fighter's relatively lightweight design.

Some early Ki-45s were also modified in the field to carry bombs. These planes were used at the end of the war by kamikaze pilots to perform suicide attacks.

Four Ki-45s were used by the Japanese for the plane's first suicide attack on Allied ships on May 28, 1944.

The Ki-45's production was discontinued in July 1945. A total of 1,701 Ki-45s were manufactured in all versions, including all prototypes and pre-production vehicles.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ki-45_tei Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|hQB-vib08fc|'''Schräge Musik: a story of hesitation and confusion''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:09 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Kawasaki}}
{{Japan twin-engine fighters and attackers}}

Ki-45 otsu

2024-10-08T04:36:16Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = Japanese twin-engine fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Ki-45 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ki-45_otsu
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was the successor of the Ki-45 "ko/甲" and another member of the Ki-45 series of twin engine fighter/striker aircrafts. This variant of the Ki-45 was supposed to engage armoured targets, armed with a 37mm cannon on the belly replacing the Ho-3 20mm cannon found on the Ki-45 ko. The aircraft was used by the army to engage fortifications and armoured vehicles mainly those used by the Chinese during the II Sino-Japanese War. The aircrafts usage against naval assets was also explored and this came on the form of the Ki-45 hei/丙, its successor, designed to engage naval objectives with a 37mm cannon.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.31]]. Being a classed as a heavy fighter, the Ki-45 isn't the best in the manoeuvrability department. However, for a heavy fighter, it manoeuvres very well. It is even capable of out-turning aircraft such as the [[P-47D-25]]. Unlike heavy fighters of other nations, the Ki-45 series does not feature aircraft with large amounts of heavy weaponry. This is a major downside, considering how heavy fighters traditionally give up manoeuvrability and speed for armament. Instead, the Ki-45s utilise more of a balance between manoeuvrability, speed, and armament. These are what makes the Ki-45 both a capable dogfighter, and bomber hunter.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,300 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 551 || 533 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.9 || 25.5 || 16.4 || 16.4 || rowspan="2" | 520
|-
! Upgraded
| 593 || 570 || 23.2 || 24.0 || 23.1 || 19.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 450 || 444 || 308 || ~11 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 360 || < 320 || < 450 || > 330
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 16 mm Steel plates behind the pilot

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Instead of focusing on armament like other heavy fighters, the Ki-45 is more balanced between armament and flight performance. While the default ammunition belts for both weapons on the Ki-45 ko are workable, it can help to upgrade. Unlocking the flight performance modules will help drastically in dogfights and turn fights.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 94 (37 mm)|Ho-103 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 37 mm Type 94 cannon, belly-mounted (16 rpg)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Ho-103 machine guns, nose-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Type 98 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.92 mm Type 98 machine gun, dorsal turret (1,050 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

This variant of the Ki-45, the Ki-45 otsu, features the first "hard-hitting" armament of the series. Wielding two Ho-103 12.7 mm guns and one 37 mm Type 94 cannon, the Ki-45 otsu is the pinnacle of a multi-purpose aircraft. Its 37 mm cannon allows it to take down bombers with ease, and its nose-mounted 12.7 mm guns allows for some flexibility in the dogfighting department. Although deadly, the 37 mm cannon only holds 16 rounds, so shot placement is crucial. The round itself also travels fairly slowly in the air, making it hard to hit fast moving enemy fighters. The 12.7 mm guns is best used in an anti-fighter role. Fortunately, the Ki-45 otsu can also be used in an anti-tank role, thanks to the AP rounds for the 37 mm cannon (42 mm penetration), which can take out light and medium tanks, light pillboxes, and even a few player controlled tanks. The Ki-45 is unable to equip bombs.

The Ki-45 otsu also retains its impressive turn rate from the [[Ki-45 ko]]. Although the aircraft itself is large and presents an "easy target" in many players' minds, the Ki-45 is rather nimble. Use this to your advantage when engaging enemy aircraft. Unfortunately, the Ki-45 is a heavy fighter, meaning its turn time is still not on par with other aircraft such as the [[F2A-3]]. In certain cases, the Ki-45 pilot may have to rely on his or her tail gunner to get the job done. The "otsu" version of the Ki-45 features a 7.92 mm Type 98 machine gun with 1,050 rounds. Although lacklustre, with shot placement it is possible to destroy enemies on the aircraft's tail. Aim for the pilot or the engine, as those are generally the weakest points on most aircraft. If the tailing enemy is a biplane, aim for the wings since they are very fragile.

The Toryu is also rather fragile for a heavy fighter. Although it does feature two engines, the Ki-45 does not have very much armour protection. Only the back of the pilot's seat has armour, leaving both the gunner and engines unprotected. This can prove costly in a fight. If one does find him or herself tailed, call upon teammates for assistance.

* In simulator, the Ki-45 has a decent frontal view with large pieces of glass in front, on top and to the sides, ensuring great visibility. The gunsight has enough room under, allowing easy tracking and leading of targets. However the side views are terrible as the wings & engines block out most of the view downwards, and a thick frame blocks out the upper area, as a result the common way of circling above an area to spot something is extremely limited. Rear visibility is almost non existent with the entire tail obstructed by the headset.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Highly powerful 37 mm cannon
* Armour piercing (42 mm penetration) shots for anti-tank purposes
* Good manoeuvrability and climb rate for a heavy fighter
* Acceptable top speed
* 16.5 mm of armour in pilot's seat
* Two engine design

'''Cons:'''

* Beat in turn fights by some aircraft
* Prone to fuel and engine fires
* Locks up at high speeds
* Mediocre roll rate, gets worse as speed increases
* Limited ammunition for all weapons
* Lack of protection around fuel tanks, engines, and gunner
* Long cannon reload
* Pilot is exposed in head-ons

== History ==

Initially designed to be a bomber escort, the Ki-45 was first deployed in what is now China and Vietnam. It was found to be easily outclassed by P-40s piloted by the Flying Tigers. As a result, the Ki-45's role was changed to anti-shipping and ground attack, where it performed satisfactorily. Nonetheless, the Ki-45's greatest strength proved to be its bomber intercepting capabilities. Heavily armed with 37 mm cannon, the Toryu (Dragon Slayer) could destroy heavy bombers with ease. As the war progressed, the need for an interceptor to defend the Japanese mainland was ever present. Soon, the Ki-45 was deployed to counter B-29 Superfortress raids. Although its armament was clearly deadly enough, the Ki-45 suffered at high altitudes. Pilots soon resorted to ramming attacks against the Superfortresses. Special attack groups specifically designed for this purpose formed, but by late 1945 Imperial Japan's fate had been sealed. The Allies allocated the name "Nick" to the Ki-45.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Kawasaki Ki-45 KAI Otsu (Model B) Type 2 Toryu (Allied reporting name: Nick) twin-engine army fighter

Combat experience showed that the Toryu was particularly good as a ground-attack aircraft for striking ground and surface targets. In order to improve the effective use of the Ki-45 for anti-ship and ground attack tasks, the special Ki-45 KAI Otsu version was launched into full-scale production.

Aircraft of this version were equipped with new Mitsubishi Ha-102 fourteen-cylinder, radial air-cooled engines producing a takeoff power of 1,080 hp. These engines were housed in nacelles which had a smaller diameter when compared to previous versions. The aircraft's flight characteristics remained unchanged, since the increased engine power was accompanied by a larger takeoff weight; however, the improved reliability of the Ha-102 engines was appreciated by flying and maintenance personnel.

The aircraft's armament was drastically reinforced. The nose-mounted 12.7 mm machine guns were replaced by one 20 mm Ho-3 cannon with 50 rounds. The ventral nacelle housed a 37 mm Type 94 manually loaded cannon with 16 rounds. The 7.92 mm Type 98 machine gun with 1,050 rounds remained in the rear defensive turret.

The installation of the new front armament meant changing the shape of the nose fairing, and additional access doors were cut in the skin. The landing headlight was moved from the nose section to the left wing leading edge.

The Ki-45 KAI Otsu was used extensively to attack various ground and surface targets.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ki-45_otsu Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Ki-45 (Family)]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Kawasaki}}
{{Japan twin-engine fighters and attackers}}

Ki-45 hei

2024-10-08T04:30:55Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = Japanese twin-engine fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Ki-45 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ki-45_hei
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was the successor of the Ki-45 "otsu/乙". It featured a revised armament, mainly designed to engage light naval target. This armament consisted of one 37mm Ho-203 automatic cannon on the nose while retaining its 7.92mm MG on the back as a defensive armament. Its armament only allowed the aircraft to engage small targets like patrol boats, since it lacked racks for suspended armament like bombs or torpedoes. Further upgrades where conducted in the form of the Ki-45 "tei/丁" and the Ki-45 II later renamed to Ki-96.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.31]]. Being a classed as a heavy fighter, the Ki-45 isn't the best in the manoeuvrability category. However, for a heavy fighter, it manoeuvres very well. It is even capable of out-turning aircraft such as the [[P-47D-25]]. Unlike heavy fighters of other nations, the Ki-45 series does not feature aircraft with large amounts of heavy weaponry. This is a major downside, considering how heavy fighters traditionally give up manoeuvrability and speed for armament. Instead, the Ki-45s utilize more of an equilibrium between manoeuvrability, speed, and armament. These are what makes the Ki-45 both a capable dog-fighter, and bomber hunter.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,300 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 551 || 533 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.9 || 25.5 || 16.4 || 16.4 || rowspan="2" | 520
|-
! Upgraded
| 593 || 570 || 23.2 || 24.0 || 23.1 || 19.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 450 || 444 || 308 || ~11 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 360 || < 320 || < 450 || > 330
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 16 mm Steel plates behind the pilot

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

* Instead of focusing on armament like other heavy fighters, the Ki-45 is more balanced between armament and flight performance.
* While the default ammunition belts for both weapons on the Ki-45 ko are workable, it can help to upgrade.
* Unlocking the flight performance modules will help drastically in dogfights and turn fights.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Ho-203 (37 mm)|Ho-3 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 37 mm Ho-203 cannon, nose-mounted (15 rpg)
* 1 x 20 mm Ho-3 cannon, belly-mounted (100 rpg)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Type 98 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.92 mm Type 98 machine gun, dorsal turret (1,050 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

This variant of the Ki-45, the Ki-45 hei, features virtually the same armament as the [[Ki-45 otsu]]. Wielding one Ho-3 20 mm cannon and one Ho-203 37 mm cannon, the Ki-45 hei is the pinnacle of a multi-purpose aircraft. Its 37 mm cannon allows it to take down bombers with ease, and its single 20 mm cannon allows for some flexibility in the dog-fighting department. Although deadly, the 37 mm cannon only holds 15 rounds, so shot placement is crucial. The round itself also travels fairly slowly in the air, making it hard to hit fast moving enemy fighters. The 20 mm cannon is best used in an anti-fighter role. Unfortunately, the Ki-45's ground attack role is minimal due to the inability to equip armour piercing rounds for the 37 mm cannon. The Ki-45 hei is also unable to equip bombs.

The Ki-45 hei also retains its impressive turn rate from the [[Ki-45 tei]]. Although the aircraft itself is large and presents an "easy target" in many players' minds, the Ki-45 is rather nimble. Use this to your advantage when engaging enemy aircraft. Unfortunately, the Ki-45 is a heavy fighter, meaning its turn time is still not on par with other aircraft such as the [[F2A-3]]. In certain cases, the Ki-45 pilot may have to rely on his or her tail gunner to get the job done. The "otsu" version of the Ki-45 features a 7.92 mm Type 98 machine gun with 1050 rounds. Although lacklustre, with shot placement it is possible to destroy enemies on the aircraft's tail. Aim for the pilot or the engine, as those are generally the weakest points on most aircraft. If the tailing enemy is a bi-plane, aim for the wings since they are very fragile.

The Toryu is also rather fragile for a heavy fighter. Although it does feature two engines, the Ki-45 does not have very much armour protection. Only the back of the pilot's seat has armour, leaving both the gunner and engines unprotected. This can prove costly in a fight. If one does find him or herself tailed, call upon teammates for assistance.

* In simulator, the Ki-45 has a decent frontal view with large pieces of glass in front, on top and to the sides, ensuring great visibility. The gunsight has enough room under, allowing easy tracking and leading of targets. However the side views are terrible as the wings & engines block out most of the view downwards, and a thick frame blocks out the upper area, as a result the common way of circling above an area to spot something is extremely limited. Rear visibility is almost non existent with the entire tail obstructed by the headset.

====Tactics====

The Ki-45 hei's armament is much more suited for bomber hunting than its earlier machine gun armed variant. With a moderate ammunition pool, it is easily possible to destroy multiple enemies with this aircraft. It is recommended to use the 20 mm cannon only when the pilot is sure he or she will hit the enemy aircraft, as it only holds 100 shells. The 37 mm cannon does impressive damage but requires a high degree of accuracy and lead. Practising with this weapon will help greatly, especially when attacking fighters.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful 37 mm cannon
* Good manoeuvrability and climb rate for a heavy fighter
* Acceptable top speed
* 16.5 mm of armour in pilot's seat and added armour in the nose around 37 mm gun
* Twin-engine design

'''Cons:'''

* Beat in turn fights by some aircraft
* Prone to fuel and engine fires
* Locks up at high speeds
* Mediocre roll rate, gets worse as speed increases
* Lack of protection around fuel tanks, engines, and gunner
* Pilot is exposed in head-ons
* Limited ammunition for all weapons
* Long cannon reload time
* Limited anti-fighter capabilities

== History ==

Initially designed to be a bomber escort, the Ki-45 was first deployed in what is now China and Vietnam. It was found to be easily outclassed by P-40s piloted by the Flying Tigers. As a result, the Ki-45's role was changed to anti-shipping and ground attack, where it performed satisfactorily. Nonetheless, the Ki-45's greatest strength proved to be its bomber intercepting capabilities. Heavily armed with 37 mm cannon, the Toryu (Dragon Slayer) could destroy heavy bombers with ease. As the war progressed, the need for an interceptor to defend the Japanese mainland was ever present. Soon, the Ki-45 was deployed to counter B-29 Superfortress raids. Although its armament was clearly deadly enough, the Ki-45 suffered at high altitudes. Pilots soon resorted to ramming attacks against the Superfortresses. Special attack groups specifically designed for this purpose formed, but by late 1945 Imperial Japan's fate had been sealed. The Allies allocated the name "Nick" to the Ki-45.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Kawasaki Ki-45 KAI Hei (Model C) Type 2 Toryu (Allied reporting name: Nick) twin-engine army fighter

The Ki-45 KAI Hei variant, with modified on-board armament (when compared with the Ki-45 KAI Otsu), was specially created to attack sea targets.

A 37 mm Ho-203 automatic cannon with 15 rounds was mounted in the nose fairing, which had its shape modified. A 20 mm Ho-3 cannon with 100 rounds was placed in the lower section of the fuselage.

The 7.92 mm Type 98 machine gun with 1,050 rounds remained in the rear defensive turret. In all other respects, the airframe was like that of the Ki-45 KAI Otsu.

The Ki-45 KAI Hei was extensively used in New Guinea, particularly against American torpedo boats.

One of the Ki-45 KAI Hei fighters was thoroughly tested in 1945 by US Army Technical Intelligence experts. The test results report mentioned the very good takeoff characteristics of the aircraft. Other capabilities won praise too: for example, the American pilots were struck by the machine's horizontal manoeuvrability. Stall characteristics were satisfactory, and pilots could sense when speed loss caused by flow separation was imminent. Landing performance was found to be very good, as well.

Observed drawbacks included the aircraft's low taxi controllability due to poor breaks and the free-pivoting tail wheel. In addition, the aircraft's high nose-up position obscured forward visibility, so there was no choice but to taxi in a zigzag pattern.

In addition to that, the report mentioned significant noise and vibration levels in the cockpit at all speeds, unsatisfactory pilot seat adjustment, and poor downward and backward visibility from the pilot's cockpit.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ki-45_hei Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Kawasaki}}
{{Japan twin-engine fighters and attackers}}

Ki-45 ko

2024-10-08T04:23:01Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = Japanese twin-engine fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Ki-45 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ki-45_ko
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was originally designed and conceived as a long range escort fighter but later evolved into a nightime interceptor and a strike fighter after falling prey to smaller, lighter and more agile single engine fighter. The Ki-45 ko is the first variant of the Ki-45. It was armed with a 20mm Ho-3 cannon in ventral possition, two Ho-103 12.7mm guns on the nose and a 7.92mm MG on the back operated by the gunner/radio operator. Further variants where developed, like the "otsu/乙", the "hei/丙", or the "tei/丁".

It was introduced in [[Update 1.31]]. Being classed as a heavy fighter, the Ki-45 isn't the best in the manoeuvrability category. However, for a heavy fighter, it manoeuvres very well. It is even capable of out-turning aircraft such as the [[P-47D-25]]. Unlike heavy fighters of other nations, the Ki-45 series does not feature aircraft with large amounts of heavy weaponry. This is a major downside, considering how heavy fighters traditionally give up manoeuvrability and speed for armament. Instead, the Ki-45 utilises more of an equilibrium between manoeuvrability, speed, and armament. These are what makes the Ki-45 both a capable dogfighter and bomber hunter.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,300 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 551 || 533 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.9 || 25.5 || 16.4 || 16.4 || rowspan="2" | 520
|-
! Upgraded
| 593 || 570 || 23.2 || 24.0 || 23.1 || 19.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 450 || 444 || 308 || ~11 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 360 || < 320 || < 450 || > 330
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 16 mm Steel plates behind the pilot.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Instead of focusing on armament like other heavy fighters, the Ki-45 is more balanced between armament and flight performance. While the default ammunition belts for both weapons on the Ki-45 ko are workable, it can help to upgrade. Unlocking the flight performance modules will help drastically in dogfights and turn fights.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Ho-3 (20 mm)|Ho-103 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm Ho-3 cannon, belly-mounted (100 rpg)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Ho-103 machine guns, nose-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Type 98 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.92 mm Type 98 machine gun, dorsal turret (1,050 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

The Ki-45 ko's armament is much more suited for dogfighting than its later, 37 mm cannon-armed variants. With a moderate ammunition pool, it is easily possible to destroy multiple enemies with this aircraft. It is recommended to use the 20 mm cannon only when the pilot is confident of hitting the enemy aircraft, as it only holds 100 shells. The 12.7 mm machine guns are where most of the damage will be done at range.

In Simulator, the Ki-45 has a decent frontal view with large pieces of glass in front, on top and to the sides, ensuring great visibility. The gunsight has enough room under, allowing easy tracking and leading of targets. However the side views are terrible as the wings & engines block out most of the view downwards, and a thick frame blocks out the upper area, as a result the common way of circling above an area to spot something is extremely limited. Rear visibility is almost non existent with the entire tail obstructed by the headset.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 7.92 mm tail gun
* Fairly good speed
* 16.5 mm of armour in pilot's seat
* Good manoeuvrability
* Two engine design
* Effective armament
* Very good climb rate

'''Cons:'''

* Beat in turn fights by some aircraft
* Prone to fuel and engine fires
* Locks up at high speeds
* Mediocre roll rate, gets worse as speed increases (compression)
* Limited ammunition for all weapons
* Lack of protection around fuel tanks, engines, and gunner

== History ==

Initially designed to be a bomber escort, the Ki-45 was first deployed in what is now China and Vietnam. It was found to be easily outclassed by P-40s piloted by the Flying Tigers. As a result, the Ki-45's role was changed to anti-shipping and ground attack, where it performed satisfactorily. Nonetheless, the Ki-45's greatest strength proved to be its bomber intercepting capabilities. Heavily armed with 37 mm cannon, the Toryu (Dragon Slayer) could destroy heavy bombers with ease. As the war progressed, the need for an interceptor to defend the Japanese mainland was ever present. Soon, the Ki-45 was deployed to counter B-29 Superfortress raids. Although its armament was clearly deadly enough, the Ki-45 suffered at high altitudes. Pilots soon resorted to ramming attacks against the Superfortress'. Special attack groups specifically designed for this purpose formed, but by late 1945 Imperial Japan's fate had been sealed.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Kawasaki Ki-45 KAI Ko (Model A) Type 2 Toryu (Allied reporting name: Nick) twin-engine army fighter

A twin-engine all-metal monoplane fighter with an enclosed two-seat cockpit and a retractable landing gear system including a tail wheel.

The development of the Ki-45 fighter started in the design bureau of the Kawasaki Company under the direction of Takeo Doi in January 1938. The aircraft was a further development of the Ki-38 twin-engine fighter, which had been produced by the company for the Japanese Army Air Service since March 1937. It was decided to use two Bristol Mercury air-cooled engines, produced under licence by the Nakajima Company under the designation of Ha-20b. The first prototype fighter was built by early 1939. It got off the ground for the first time in February 1939. The prototype's tests showed that the vehicle's flight characteristics, particularly its speed, were significantly worse than the specification's requirements. Despite improvements, the two other prototypes never reached the specified design speed, either. So further work on the project was stopped, and the construction of six more aircraft was frozen.

In April 1940, the Kawasaki Company was ordered to equip the aircraft with more powerful Nakajima Ha-25 fourteen-cylinder, air-cooled engines, with a takeoff power of 1,000 hp. The engines' smaller diameter enabled the installation of NACA cowlings and reduced propeller spinner size.

The first flight of the improved Ki-45 took place in July 1940. While the tests were being conducted, Takeo Doi suggested a number of modifications for the aircraft to improve its flight characteristics and controllability and to facilitate its full-scale production. The Ki-45 obtained a thinner fuselage, a new fin, straight wing edges, smaller nacelles, and a reflector sight in place of its telescopic one.

The Ki-45's armament consisted of two 12.7 mm Ho-103 (Browning) machine guns, with 350 rounds each, mounted on the forward fuselage, and one 20 mm Ho-3 cannon, with 100 rounds, mounted on the right side of the lower fuselage. One 7.92 mm Type 98 (Rheinmetall-Borsig MG 15) machine gun with 1,050 rounds was located in the rear defensive turret and operated by the radio operator/gunner.

The Army Air Service's headquarters approved these modifications in October 1940. The first Ki-45 KAI ("KAI" meaning "improved") was completed in May 1941. After testing three prototypes, the Kawasaki Company began to prepare for full-scale production. The aircraft obtained the official army designation "Improved Type 2 Two-Seat Fighter Model Ko (A) Toryu".
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ki-45_ko Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|t3xD7JpnHeI|'''Best aircraft for Boom & Zoom''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:25 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Ki-45 (Family)]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Kawasaki}}
{{Japan twin-engine fighters and attackers}}

Ki-43-III otsu

2024-10-07T23:35:22Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Ki-43 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ki_43_3_otsu
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was the third variant of the '''Nakajima Ki-43 ''Hayabusa''''' family of land based Japanese single engine fighters. The Ki-43-III was the last mass produced variant of this fighter with around 1000 being built. It replaced the engine of the Ki-43-II with a new Nakajima Army Type 1 Ha-115-II engine with an increased maximum speed of up to 576KM/h. The Ki-43-III "Otsu" was a variant using the Mitsubishi Ha-112-II radial engine and armed with twin 20mm Ho-5 cannons of which only two prototypes where made. The only mass produced Ki-43-III was the Ki-43-III "Ko" only produced by Tachikawa plant.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. The Ki-43-III otsu is as a rank three aircraft in the Japanese Army Air Service line. Like its rank two brethren, it is an extremely manoeuvrable and lightweight aircraft. It has exceptional climb and roll rate making it a fairly hard target to hit in the hands of a skilled player. The trade-off, however, is its extremely fragile nature - a good hit even from a plane equipped with rifle-calibre guns could do some serious damage if one doesn't push the plane to its limits in any of the game modes. On the other hand, the rather modest pair of fuselage-mounted 12.7 mm Ho-103s of the [[Ki-43-II]] have been replaced with a pair of the hard-hitting Ho-5 20 mm cannons, which for its battle-rating gives the Hayabusa the power it needs to take down anything it opposes. Like many of the Japanese fighters, dogfighting is the key to staying alive. By using the combat flaps and throttle in a optimal manner, this aircraft can get behind nearly every opponent it meets in a low to mid altitude dogfight. With a modest ammo load of 300 rounds, trigger discipline is important here. It is best to get up close (200-500 m is optimal) and then let off several short bursts, firing until the enemy is critically damaged or the plane is destroyed.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,800 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 546 || 528 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 16.2 || 17.2 || 11.3 || 11.3 || rowspan="2" | 200
|-
! Upgraded
| 610 || 574 || 15.8 || 16.0 || 24.1 || 16.6
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 661  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 387 || 371 || 250 || ~10 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 370 || < 350 || < 450 || > 296
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 12 mm Steel plate behind pilot

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The stock 20 mm cannon belts are weak, consisting of 1/3 "practice" shells. Research the "Offensive 20 mm belts" as quickly as possible. Otherwise there is not a lot necessary to upgrade, mainly performance modules. The engine and compressor modules do wonders. Payload unlocks should be considered last. The Ki-43 is a fighter, and not a ground attacker like the [[B7A2]].

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Ho-5 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Ho-5 cannons, nose-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Army Type 94 GPHE (50 kg)|Army Type 94 GPHE (100 kg)|Army Type 92 GPHE (250 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 50 kg Army Type 94 GPHE bombs (100 kg total)
* 2 x 100 kg Army Type 94 GPHE bombs (200 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg Army Type 92 GPHE bombs (500 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==

Like the Zeros, the Ki-43 is exceptionally light and manoeuvrable. Unlike the Zeros, the Ki-43 has a ridiculous roll rate making it the closest one can get to playing an arcade-esque plane in RB.

Unfortunately, this comes at a cost. The Ki-43 sees primarily American planes which are far faster in both level flight and dive while having significantly better armament. Evading fire becomes difficult when facing planes such as the [[P-47N-15]] which has 8 x M2 Browning .50 cals which are extremely deadly and have a ridiculous volume of fire.

As such, the Ki-43 is almost entirely dependent on siphoning kills from unwary pilots, pilot errors, manoeuvre kills, and pilot frustration which makes it quite a difficult plane to play. However, if played right, and abusing its insane roll rate and turn time, you can take down multiple enemies with your cannon and force others to crash out of frustration and over-eagerness. Note that this aircraft will experience severe rudder lockup when faster than around 450 km/h, resulting in awkward aiming adjustments if the target manoeuvres, so you need to cut throttle appropriately to control your speed.

While having sufficient flight characteristics, the Ki-43 is extremely fragile and can get critically damaged by almost all guns. From the hard-hitting M2 Browning to the fast-firing MG 15, ''any'' gun can badly hurt the Ki-43 especially on the engine, fuel tanks, and pilot which can always lead to a later crash. Before attacking try to get an altitude advantage and perform deflection shots. To maximise the damage aim for their wings and engines, as the fuselage usually soaks up lots of bullets. Only fire when the target passes in front of your guns. This short window might seem inadequate to do anything, but an accurate burst can blow off some control surfaces / damage the engine. And sometimes it only takes one bullet to set the target aflame, if you are lucky. Short bursts also maximize your limited ammo capacity; with 150 rounds per gun, you only have 9.5 seconds of firing time.

====Tactics====

When using the Ki-43-III otsu, do remember this plane can easily out manoeuvre anything it may face. Do not try to go head on with enemy planes as even a single round can damage your plane. Instead, position for a head on, but pull off about 1.2 km out, go under the enemy aircraft, and loop around for a shot. You may need to repeat this manoeuvre several times to secure a firing position.

* In Simulator, the Ki-43 is overall a decent plane. It has very forgiving characteristics such as good over-the-nose visibility, a clear bubble canopy without much framing and good backwards visibility. This increases your chance of spotting, tracking, and/or dodging since you can see targets from almost every direction with ease (except the underside, of course). It is recommended to set keybind for moving your head vertically to make full use of the great forward vision in a dogfight. However, its wings are located directly below the cockpit meaning that you cannot see what is below your sides which can lead to you losing track of the enemy. You should get used to searching towards your 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10 o'clock, avoiding the wings.
* Note that when taking off the Ki-43 will shift severely to the left due to the propeller torque, so it is recommended to set keybinds for left and right brakes to effectively control your direction on the runway. Using rudder alone will not work at low speed and you will either circle around or lose control and crash into nearby structures like tents/hangars.
* Landing is very beginner-friendly too. It is able to decelerate quickly while also having low stall speed, allowing you to quickly slow down and descend onto the runway. Takeoff and landing flaps do not lift up the nose a lot so you can easily remain overall parallel to the ground. It also performs great when braking as its nose will not usually dip into the ground, so you can keep braking until it fully stops (given that you deflect elevators fully upwards) which is vital for preparing the next fight quickly.
* It has very good handling at most speeds. It does not wobble a lot which is an advantage over the biplanes and early monoplane fighters, making it easier to smooth the aim. You should familiarise the shape of those that you should not turn with: the Spitfires have long, straight nose with an inline engine, rather large and elliptical wings. The Zeros have an overall cylindrical fuselage that merges into a pointy tail after the stabilisers, a radial engine and are usually painted white (early models). If you see them on your tail try outrunning them by diving at around -40 degrees. The Ki-43 still remains responsive handling at 500 km/h, but its speed retention is poor, meaning it will start to lose speed quickly and the enemy might catch up. If you are near a friendly airfield, great. If not, then hope for the best and run towards the friendly side. Don't forget to pitch up and down a little to mess up their aim.

====Specific enemies worth noting====

Most Allied opponents at the battle rating can outrun the Ki-43 with ease. Most concerning are planes such as the P-47D/N or F4U Corsair, as both planes are over 80 km/h (50 mph) faster on the deck and also possess exceptional .50 cal armament. Use the Ki-43's manoeuvrability to dodge shots and try to slowly drain the energy of your opponent and force mistakes.

When facing the Ki-43-III otsu do remember that it is very manoeuvrable and that it can easily out turn what it faces therefore try to apply Boom & Zoom tactics against a Ki-43-III otsu.

* It will be very challenging when facing against the Chinese/American Ki-43, as both of you have the same characteristics. You cannot outrun each other and cannot out-turn each other, so the fight will be a combination of various manoeuvres and techniques, and of course, the pilot's skills. However, now you have a better chance of critically damaging them within a short firing window which is always an advantage. Note that the Ki-43 has similar appearance as the Ki-44 and can be misjudged as a Ki-44 or a Zero which are also in the Chinese/American tree. Comparing to the Ki-43, the Ki-44 has a slightly bigger engine and the canopy is shifted backwards. The Chinese Zero is painted dark brown with a silver spinner, while the American one is in greyish-blue. They all turn well and have accelerate well in a dive.
* A6M Zero: can be flown by the Chinese or the American, may also be seen during mixed battle. The Zero has better maneuverability in any way other than rolling than Ki-43 III, some pilot may find difficulties when facing a Zero as it can out-turn their plane if not engaged properly. Instead use your engine performance to engage in a sustained scissor with the Zero, this maneuver will put the Zero at a disadvantage because of it inadequate roll rate compared to your Ki-43-III. Always try to do one circle fight after merging with the Zero, avoid at any cost going on a rate fight with it as your sustained turn time is worse than the Zero. Make sure to engage Zero in a 1v1 situation as any mistake you made will be detrimental and can be exploited by competent Zero player, you can't really run away fast and getting swarmed up doesn't help either.
* XP-50: Possibly the best airplane on Ki-43-III battle rating bracket. Avoid going head-on with this plane at all costs as it possesses a formidable armament that can easily set ablaze Japanese aircraft. The performance of XP-50 out-class the Ki-43-III at high altitude, do not be baited by a high climbing XP-50, it has turbocharged engine thus an excellent high-altitude performance, avoid dogfighting with XP-50 at altitude above 5000 meters as it out-turn and out-energy your Ki-43 III. Instead wait for it to go low where the performance of XP-50 drops significantly, you can safely engage it at altitude below 3000 meters but be aware of its superior engine performance and the gun it poses, keep strictly to dogfight and do not get baited when it starts to climb again
* When it comes to intercepting ground pounders or bombers, the Ki-43 generally performs poorly since the targets are all quite robust against your weak guns. Some examples are the IL-2 which is commonly seen in Sim. It can get mistakenly seen as other aircraft from a distance due to its common appearance. But up close you will see two bomb-like structures underneath its wings and triangular stabilisers with rounded tips. The early IL-2s have no defensive guns so it is safe to sit behind and carefully aim. They are heavily armoured in the cockpit and engine so avoid aiming at these areas. Instead target the tail to hope for disabling their tail control. The late IL-2s, however, have a rear-facing Berezin UB which is something you definitely want to avoid. Perform deflection shots from oblique angles (e.g. sides, top & bottom) or just disengage.

* Typhoon Mk Ib/L: this is a very capable opponent, it is quite fast, climbs well, has reasonable manoeuvrability, and has 4 x 20 mm cannons that can fatally damage the Ki-43. If you are attacking, get an altitude advantage first and BnZ it. If you are being attacked by it, evade its first pass and immediately start a turnfight. You need to deploy combat / takeoff flaps, or even landing flaps if needed to push your turn rate to the limit. Several circles are needed, don't panic to see the Typhoon keeping up with your turns at first. With appropriate flaps, the Ki-43 will slowly out turn it, allowing you to get onto its tail. The Typhoon overall resembles a Hurricane, except its symbolic giant intake below the engine.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent rate of climb
* Decent level & dive speed at its place
* Extremely manoeuvrable
* Quick roll rate
* Good armament
* Decent ammo capacity
* Low stall speed
* Useful flaps in a turnfight
* Good all-round cockpit visibility in simulator
* Forgiving landing characteristics

'''Cons:'''

* Lightly armoured
* Can catch fire easily due to the lack of armoured fuel tanks
* Can feel a bit like a paper airplane handling-wise
* Extremely slow, at 507 km/h on the deck
* Poor high-alt performance
* Energy retention and dive speed is abysmal
* Wing rips can happen very easily if one performs high speed manoeuvres (~11 G)
* Rudder locks up at around >=450 km/h, meaning that you will miss quite some passes due to the aim not being able to adjust horizontally

== History ==

In early 1937 the Army recognized the need for a new single seat fighter. Instead of going through the normal process of requesting manufacturers to submit designs, the Army contracted with Nakajima directly to produce a replacement for their Ki-27 (Army Type 97) fighter. The requirements laid out to Nakajima for this new fighter was for it to have a top speed of 311 mph, to be able to reach 16,405 ft within five minutes, to have a minimum range of 500 miles, it was to be armed with two 7.7 mm machine guns, and to not lose any of the manoeuvrability of the Ki-27. The first prototype of what was to become the Ki-43 was completed in December 1938 with 2 more following soon after in 1939, however upon testing it was found that these airplanes did not live up the Army's expectations. The complaints from test pilots included that the plane was not manoeuvrable enough, hard to control, and had visibility issues.

Following the evaluation of the initial 3 prototypes, Nakajima would develop 10 testing aircraft with various modifications in order to address the armies concerns. The changes tested included giving the fighter the HA-105 engine, replacing the 7.7 mm machine guns with 12.7 mm machine guns, upgrading the outer skin to a treated duralumin, narrower fuselage, redesigned tail surfaces, modifications to the wing design, and the introduction of butterfly flaps. The last improvement in particular helped the plane to overcome its lack of manoeuvrability that the Army had issue with. After these designed prototypes were tested the Army settled on what they saw was the optimum configuration and requested that it be equipped with the Nakajima Ha-25 engine. The plane entered production as the Ki-43-Ia (Army Type 1 Fighter Model 1A) with the first example completing production in April 1941. This model was soon replaced with the Ki-43-Ib (Army Type 1 Fighter Model 1B) which replaced one of the 7.7 mm machine guns with a 12.7 mm machine gun which was also soon replaced by the Ki-43-Ic (Army Type 1 Fighter Model 1C) which was equipped with two 12.7 mm machine gun.

After some time in the field, the Ki-43 was to receive a major upgrade based on feedback from pilots, which included replacing the Ha-25 engine with the more powerful Ha-115 engine, a two stage supercharger, pilot armour, self-sealing fuel tanks and many more minor improvements. The first prototype of what was to become the Ki-43-II (Army Type 1 Fighter Model 2) was completed in February 1942. The last major modification of the Ki-43 was done in 1944, combining the minor modifications of the IIa and IIb with the more powerful Nakajima Ha-115-II engine. These minor modifications over the Ki-43-II included a reduced wing-span (improving the plane's low and medium speed performance), increased pilot armour, improved oil cooler, and modified carburetor intake. This new Ki-43-IIIa (Army Type 1 Fighter Model 3A) entered production in October 1944 with approximately 1,000 being completed before the war ended. The Ki-43 would become the most numerous of all the Japanese Army's fighters. While operating in Malaysia and Burma the plane received the codename "Jim" and in the Pacific Theatre it received the allied codename "Oscar". The codename "Oscar" was eventually selected as the official code name for the airplane by the Allies.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ki_43_3_otsu Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|V2grV9sYBfE|'''The Shooting Range #7''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:40 discusses the Ki-43-III otsu.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/285067-nakajima-ki-43-iii-otsu/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Nakajima}}
{{Japan fighters}}

Ki-43-II

2024-10-07T23:29:35Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
|about=Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=other variants
|link=Ki-43 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ki_43_2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was the second production variant of the '''Nakajima Ki-43 ''Hayabusa''''' family of fighters. The Ki-43 was the main Japanese land based single engine fighter with almost 6000 units built between all variants. The first prototype of the aircraft flew in February 1942, it featured a new 2 stage supercharged engine that used a three blade propeller, a reinforced wing structure which supported racks for drop tanks or bombs and rubber coated fuel tanks as well as higher resistance against 7.7mm bullets for the propeller and a slightly larger canopy.

It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27. The '''{{Specs|name}}''' follows the spirit of its predecessor, the Ki-43-I. It features a light airframe prone to damage even by light machine gun fire, and has poor armament against other fighters but specially heavier targets. However it comes with some improvements, mainly the new engine which gives it more power, as well as slightly more survivability and the addition of bombs. It still relies on quick dogfights to defeat its opponents, using its superior agility to quickly gain an upper hand. Now for ground battles it can use 2 x 250KG bombs to destroy enemy units, with this bomb size it is recommended going for light tanks, armoured cars, SPAAs or any open top vehicles.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 539 || 524 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 15.7 || 16.3 || 11.9 || 11.9 || rowspan="2" | 190
|-
! Upgraded
| 580 || 558 || 14.7 || 15.0 || 19.6 || 15.3
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 661  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 416 || 373 || 250 || ~10 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 370 || < 350 || < 450 || > 296
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

[[File:Armor_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|thumb|left|Shape and the information about the armour plate behind the cockpit]]

Unlike most of the Japanese airplanes around this BR, the {{PAGENAME}} features an armour plate. It's 12 mm steel at 12° angle, protecting an entire body, legs and part of the head from rear firing angles. It's far from perfect protection, but significantly increases survival chances of the pilot. This is further improved by a large, 14-cylinder radial engine at the front, soaking up most of the incoming damage.

That said though, one of the biggest issues with the survivability of the fighter are its lack of self-sealing fuel tanks, which once ignited will happily burn the entire fighter to the ground, like most of the Japanese fighters in the game.
{{Clear|left}}
=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Ho-103 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Ho-103 machine guns, nose-mounted (250 rpg = 500 total)

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with two nose-mounted [[Ho-103 army (12.7 mm)]] machine guns (900 {{Annotation|rpm|rounds per minute}}, 250 {{Annotation|rpg|rounds per gun}}). Typically for Japanese airplanes Air Targets and Stealth belts are the preferred options, depending on the skill of the player and the game mode. 12.7 mm machine guns have an acceptable effectiveness, which is helped by their excellent location on the nose, making it easier to aim and land shots without worrying about convergence.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Army Type 94 GPHE (50 kg)|Army Type 94 GPHE (100 kg)|Army Type 92 GPHE (250 kg)}}

Unlike its [[Ki-43-I|predecessor]], '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with bombs, featuring the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 50 kg Army Type 94 GPHE bombs (100 kg total)
* 2 x 100 kg Army Type 94 GPHE bombs (200 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg Army Type 92 GPHE bombs (500 kg total)

Generally the choice of bombs should depend on the skill of the player, with smaller bombs getting increasingly difficult to destroy enemy targets, while at the same time giving far better flight characteristics. In terms of destroying armoured targets there's a notable gap in performance, with bombs having a destructive radius of 5, 3, 2 m for 250, 100, 50 kg bombs respectively, making 250 kg bombs a very potent weapon, even if it gives a huge decrease in performance (+1.9 s to turn time, comparing to +0.5 s with the 100 kg bombs).

== Usage in battles ==


In all modes, the Ki-43 can perform both BnZ fighting and turnfighting with the correct opponent. It can easily accelerate to 500 km/h in a dive while still having responsive controls. However its speed retention is quite poor and will lose lots of speed as soon as you level out. For turnfighting, you can out-turn most monoplanes and almost all heavy fighters/attackers even without combat flaps deployed, but never turn with Spitfires and Zeros. Note that this aircraft will experience severe rudder lockup when faster than around 450 km/h, resulting in awkward aiming adjustments if the target manoeuvres, so you need to cut throttle appropriately to control your speed.

While having sufficient flight characteristics, the Ki-43 is extremely fragile and can get critically damaged by almost all guns. From the hard-hitting M2 Browning to the fast-firing MG 15, ''any'' gun can badly hurt the Ki-43 especially on the engine, fuel tanks, and pilot which can always lead to a later crash. Before attacking try to get an altitude advantage and perform deflection shots. To maximise the damage aim for their wings and engines, as the fuselage usually soaks up lots of bullets. Only fire when the target passes in front of your guns. This short window might seem inadequate to do anything... and it usually is, unfortunately. The slow velocity, light projectiles and low one-second burst mass usually guarantee no critical damage. However sometimes it only takes one bullet to set the target aflame, if you are lucky.

* In Simulator, the Ki-43 is overall a decent plane. It has very forgiving characteristics such as good over-the-nose visibility, a clear bubble canopy without much framing and good backwards visibility. This increases your chance of spotting, tracking, and/or dodging since you can see targets from almost every direction with ease (except the underside, of course). It is recommended to set keybind for moving your head vertically to make full use of the great forward vision in a dogfight. However, its wings are located directly below the cockpit meaning that you cannot see what is below your sides which can lead to you losing track of the enemy. You should get used to searching towards your 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10 o'clock, avoiding the wings.
* Note that when taking off the Ki-43 will shift severely to the left due to the propeller torque, so it is recommended to set keybinds for left and right brakes to effectively control your direction on the runway. Using rudder alone will not work at low speed and you will either circle around or lose control and crash into nearby structures like tents/hangars.
* Landing is very beginner-friendly too. It is able to decelerate quickly while also having low stall speed, allowing you to quickly slow down and descend onto the runway. Takeoff and landing flaps do not lift up the nose a lot so you can easily remain overall parallel to the ground. It also performs great when braking as its nose will not usually dip into the ground, so you can keep braking until it fully stops (given that you deflect elevators fully upwards) which is vital for preparing the next fight quickly.
* It has very good handling at most speeds. It does not wobble a lot which is an advantage over the biplanes and early monoplane fighters, making it easier to smooth the aim. You should familiarise the shape of those that you should not turn with: the Spitfires have long, straight nose with an inline engine, rather large and elliptical wings. The Zeros have an overall cylindrical fuselage that merges into a pointy tail after the stabilisers, a radial engine and are usually painted white (early models). If you see them on your tail try outrunning them by diving at around -40 degrees. The Ki-43 still remains responsive handling at 500 km/h, but its speed retention is poor, meaning it will start to lose speed quickly and the enemy might catch up. If you are near a friendly airfield, great. If not, then hope for the best and run towards the friendly side. Don't forget to pitch up and down a little to mess up their aim, the early Spitfires and A6M only have a 60-round drum per cannon which will run out fairly fast. The leftover 7.7 mm machine guns will not be as destructive but still might destroy you.
* It will be very challenging when facing against the Chinese/American Ki-43, as both of you have the same characteristics. You cannot outrun each other and cannot out-turn each other, so the fight will be a combination of various manoeuvres and techniques, and of course, the pilot's skills. Note that the Ki-43 has similar appearance as the Ki-44 and can be misjudged as a Ki-44 or a Zero which are also in the Chinese/American tree. Comparing to the Ki-43, the Ki-44 has a slightly bigger engine and the canopy is shifted backwards. The Chinese Zero is painted dark brown with a silver spinner, while the American one is in greyish-blue. They all turn well and have accelerate well in a dive.
* When it comes to intercepting ground pounders or bombers, the Ki-43 generally performs poorly since the targets are all quite robust against your weak guns. Some examples are the IL-2 which is commonly seen in Sim. It can get mistakenly seen as other aircraft from a distance due to its common appearance. But up close you will see two bomb-like structures underneath its wings and triangular stabilisers with rounded tips. The early IL-2s have no defensive guns so it is safe to sit behind and carefully aim. They are heavily armoured in the cockpit and engine so avoid aiming at these areas. Instead target the tail to hope for disabling their tail control. The late IL-2s, however, have a rear-facing Berezin UB which is something you definitely want to avoid. Perform deflection shots or just disengage.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* [[Typhoon Mk Ia]]: this is a very capable opponent, it is quite fast, climbs good, manoeuvres alright and has 12 x 7.7 mm MGs that can fatally damage the Ki-43. If you are attacking, get an altitude advantage first and BnZ it. If you are being attacked by it, evade its first pass and immediately start a turnfight. You need to deploy combat / takeoff flaps, or even landing flaps if needed to push your turn rate to the limit. Several circles are needed, don't panic to see the Typhoon keeping up with your turns at first. With appropriate flaps, the Ki-43 will slowly out turn it, allowing you to get onto its tail. The Typhoon overall resembles a Hurricane, except its symbolic giant intake below the engine.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Extremely good roll rate
* Excellent stock performance
* Wins turn battles and can easily outrun opponents it typically faces
* Can equip bombs up to 500 kg to help aid weight and energy retention
* Useful flaps in a turnfight
* Good all-round cockpit visibility in simulator
* Forgiving landing characteristics

'''Cons:'''

* Very light, retains no energy
* Weak armour
* Very limited ammo pool
* Very vulnerable to fires, as structure is weak and flammable
* Rudder locks up at around 450 km/h, meaning that you will miss quite some passes due to the aim not being able to adjust horizontally

== History ==

In early 1937 the Army recognized the need for a new single seat fighter. Instead of going through the normal process of requesting manufacturers to submit designs, the Army contracted with Nakajima directly to produce a replacement for their Ki-27 (Army Type 97) fighter. The requirements laid out to Nakajima for this new fighter was for it to have a top speed of 311 mph, to be able to reach 16,405 ft within five minutes, to have a minimum range of 500 miles, it was to be armed with two 7.7 mm machine guns, and to not lose any of the manoeuvrability of the Ki-27. The first prototype of what was to become the Ki-43 was completed in December 1938 with 2 more following soon after in 1939, however upon testing it was found that these airplanes did not live up the Army's expectations. The complaints from test pilots included that the plane was not manoeuvrable enough, hard to control, and had visibility issues.

Following the evaluation of the initial 3 prototypes, Nakajima would develop 10 testing aircraft with various modifications in order to address the armies concerns. The changes tested included giving the fighter the HA-105 engine, replacing the 7.7 mm machine guns with 12.7 mm machine guns, upgrading the outer skin to a treated duralumin, narrower fuselage, redesigned tail surfaces, modifications to the wing design, and the introduction of butterfly flaps. The last improvement in particular helped the plane to overcome its lack of manoeuvrability that the Army had issue with. After these designed prototypes were tested the Army settled on what they saw was the optimum configuration and requested that it be equipped with the Nakajima Ha-25 engine. The plane entered production as the Ki-43-Ia (Army Type 1 Fighter Model 1A) with the first example completing production in April 1941. This model was soon replaced with the Ki-43-Ib (Army Type 1 Fighter Model 1B) which replaced one of the 7.7 mm machine guns with a 12.7 mm machine gun which was also soon replaced by the Ki-43-Ic (Army Type 1 Fighter Model 1C) which was equipped with two 12.7 mm machine gun.

After some time in the field, the Ki-43 was to receive a major upgrade based on feedback from pilots, which included replacing the Ha-25 engine with the more powerful Ha-115 engine, a two stage supercharger, pilot armour, self-sealing fuel tanks and many more minor improvements. The first prototype of what was to become the Ki-43-II (Army Type 1 Fighter Model 2) was completed in February 1942. The Ki-43 would become the most numerous of all the Japanese Army's fighters. While operating in Malaysia and Burma the plane received the codename "Jim" and in the Pacific Theatre it received the allied codename "Oscar". The codename "Oscar" was eventually selected as the official code name for the airplane by the Allies.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The single-seater Japanese Nakajima Ki-43 Hayabusa (Peregrine Falcon) fighter was designed to replace the Ki-27 in the Japanese Imperial Army's Air Force.

The Ki-27 design was so successful that, without resorting to the competition that usually occurred among aircraft manufacturers, the Air Force authorized Nakajima to create an improved model. The main requirement for the new fighter was a high top speed of at least 500 km/h but with the same manoeuvrability as the Ki-27.

The first three prototypes were prepared and tested in 1939, but their manoeuvrability was inadequate. Therefore 10 pre-production aircraft with different configurations were considered. Two of them used the new "butterfly" combat flaps, which largely decided the issue. With the flaps, the plane became much more manoeuvrable.

In autumn of 1942, the Ki-42-IIA entered production. The main differences between the Ki-42-IIA and previous models were its more powerful Ha-115 motor, its 1130 hp output, and its three-bladed propeller (the previous model had a two-bladed propeller). The wings were reinforced to hold 250-kg bombs, and the lighter machine guns were replaced with large-calibre ones. In addition, the wing fuel tanks were self-sealing, and pilot protection was enhanced with 13 mm of armour (previous models, to lighten the aircraft, did not include protection for the pilot or fuel tanks).

All in all, 5919 Ki-43 fighters were produced, most of which were of the Ki-43-IIA design.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ki_43_2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|w_3vuywdr5E|'''The Shooting Range #27''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:22 discusses the Ki-43.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/111036-nakajima-ki-43-ii/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Nakajima}}
{{Japan fighters}}

Ki-43-I

2024-10-07T22:44:06Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Ki-43 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ki_43_1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_ki_43_1.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was the first production and service variant of the '''Nakajima Ki-43 ''Hayabusa''''' codename "Oscar" by the Allied Forces. The Hayabusa was a singe engine land based fighter that like other Japanese designs at the time relied on its agility and manoeuvrability to defeat its opponents, at such the aircraft was initially lightly armoured and armed. The Ki-43-I was the first production variant of this aircraft with either 2 x 7.7mm MGs or 2 x 12.7mm HMGs. The production of this variant started in 1941 but as the war progressed the 2 x 12.7mm HMG variant became more popular and was sometimes referred as Ki-43-Ic.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.43]]. The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a classic Japanese fighter for that BR. It features light armament, poor survivability and requires more skill than other fighters to be used effectively. This is because the Ki-43 is a dogfighter, that uses its great agility, turn rate, and roll rate to quickly gain an upper hand on a duel. It should be used at medium altitude, using its good acceleration and decent climb rate to get at a good altitude so that you can dive and regain energy on prolonged dogfights. This aircraft is not meant for boom and zoom, since it has less dive speed and less climb rate than heavy fighters/interceptors or proper boom and zoom fighters like the Bf-109.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 476 || 461 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 14.2 || 15.0 || 11.9 || 11.9 || rowspan="2" | 120
|-
! Upgraded
| 517 || 495 || 13.8 || 14.0 || 19.6 || 15.3
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 630  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 416 || 373 || 250 || ~10 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 370 || < 350 || < 450 || > 318
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The Ki-43 I is quite vulnerable, thanks to its lack of armour. Also, the fuel tanks are not self-sealing. They are located in the inner part of the wings, 2 on each side.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Ho-103 (12.7 mm)|Type 89 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between three presets:
** 2 x 7.7 mm Type 89 machine guns, nose-mounted (500 rpg = 1,000 total)
** 1 x 12.7 mm Ho-103 machine gun, nose-mounted (270 rpg) + 1 x 7.7 mm Type 89 machine gun, nose-mounted (500 rpg)
** 2 x 12.7 mm Ho-103 machine guns, nose-mounted (270 rpg = 540 total)

== Usage in battles ==


In all modes, the Ki-43 can perform both BnZ fighting and turnfighting with the correct opponent. It can easily accelerate to 500 km/h in a dive while still having responsive controls. However its speed retention is quite poor and will lose lots of speed as soon as you level out. For turnfighting, you can out-turn most monoplanes and almost all heavy fighters/attackers even without combat flaps deployed, but never turn with Spitfires and Zeros. Note that this aircraft will experience severe rudder lockup when faster than around 450 km/h, resulting in awkward aiming adjustments if the target manoeuvres, so you need to cut throttle appropriately to control your speed.

While having sufficient flight characteristics, the Ki-43 is extremely fragile and can get critically damaged by almost all guns. From the hard-hitting M2 Browning to the fast-firing MG 15, ''any'' gun can badly hurt the Ki-43 especially on the engine, fuel tanks, and pilot which can always lead to a later crash. Before attacking try to get an altitude advantage and perform deflection shots. To maximise the damage aim for their wings and engines, as the fuselage usually soaks up lots of bullets. Only fire when the target passes in front of your guns. This short window might seem inadequate to do anything... and it usually is, unfortunately. The slow velocity, light projectiles and low one-second burst mass usually guarantee no critical damage. However sometimes it only takes one bullet to set the target aflame, if you are lucky.

* In Simulator, the Ki-43 is overall a decent plane. It has very forgiving characteristics such as good over-the-nose visibility, a clear bubble canopy without much framing and good backwards visibility. This increases your chance of spotting, tracking, and/or dodging since you can see targets from almost every direction with ease (except the underside, of course). It is recommended to set keybind for moving your head vertically to make full use of the great forward vision in a dogfight. However, its wings are located directly below the cockpit meaning that you cannot see what is below your sides which can lead to you losing track of the enemy. You should get used to searching towards your 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10 o'clock, avoiding the wings.
* Note that when taking off the Ki-43 will shift severely to the left due to the propeller torque, so it is recommended to set keybinds for left and right brakes to effectively control your direction on the runway. Using rudder alone will not work at low speed and you will either circle around or lose control and crash into nearby structures like tents/hangars.
* Landing is very beginner-friendly too. It is able to decelerate quickly while also having low stall speed, allowing you to quickly slow down and descend onto the runway. Takeoff and landing flaps do not lift up the nose a lot so you can easily remain overall parallel to the ground. It also performs great when braking as its nose will not usually dip into the ground, so you can keep braking until it fully stops (given that you deflect elevators fully upwards) which is vital for preparing the next fight quickly.
* It has very good handling at most speeds. It does not wobble a lot which is an advantage over the biplanes and early monoplane fighters, making it easier to smooth the aim. You should familiarise the shape of those that you should not turn with: the Spitfires have long, straight nose with an inline engine, rather large and elliptical wings. The Zeros have an overall cylindrical fuselage that merges into a pointy tail after the stabilisers, a radial engine and are usually painted white (early models). If you see them on your tail try outrunning them by diving at around -40 degrees. The Ki-43 still remains responsive handling at 500 km/h, but its speed retention is poor, meaning it will start to lose speed quickly and the enemy might catch up. If you are near a friendly airfield, great. If not, then hope for the best and run towards the friendly side. Don't forget to pitch up and down a little to mess up their aim, the early Spitfires and A6M only have a 60-round drum per cannon which will run out fairly fast. The leftover 7.7 mm machine guns will not be as destructive but still might destroy you.
* It will be very challenging when facing against the Chinese/American Ki-43, as both of you have the same characteristics. You cannot outrun each other and cannot out-turn each other, so the fight will be a combination of various manoeuvres and techniques, and of course, the pilot's skills. Note that the Ki-43 has similar appearance as the Ki-44 and can be misjudged as a Ki-44 or a Zero which are also in the Chinese/American tree. Comparing to the Ki-43, the Ki-44 has a slightly bigger engine and the canopy is shifted backwards. The Chinese Zero is painted dark brown with a silver spinner, while the American one is in greyish-blue. They all turn well and have accelerate well in a dive.
* When it comes to intercepting ground pounders or bombers, the Ki-43 generally performs poorly since the targets are all quite robust against your weak guns. Some examples are the IL-2 which is commonly seen in Sim. It can get mistakenly seen as other aircraft from a distance due to its common appearance. But up close you will see two bomb-like structures underneath its wings and triangular stabilisers with rounded tips. The early IL-2s have no defensive guns so it is safe to sit behind and carefully aim. They are heavily armoured in the cockpit and engine so avoid aiming at these areas. Instead target the tail to hope for disabling their tail control. The late IL-2s, however, have a rear-facing Berezin UB which is something you definitely want to avoid. Perform deflection shots or just disengage.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* [[Typhoon Mk Ia]]: this is a very capable opponent, it is quite fast, climbs well, manoeuvres decently and has 12 x 7.7 mm MGs that can fatally damage the Ki-43. If you are attacking, get an altitude advantage first and BnZ it. If you are being attacked by it, evade its first pass and immediately start a turnfight. You need to deploy combat/takeoff flaps, or even landing flaps if needed to push your turn rate to the limit. Several circles are needed, don't panic if you see the Typhoon keeping up with your turns at first. With appropriate flaps, the Ki-43 will slowly out turn it, allowing you to get onto its tail. The Typhoon overall resembles a Hurricane, except its symbolic giant intake below the engine.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Turns quickly
* Decent level & dive speed for its rank
* Good climb rate
* Great acceleration
* Great roll rate
* Reasonably powerful armament
* Useful flaps in a turnfight
* Good all-round cockpit visibility in simulator
* Forgiving landing characteristics

'''Cons:'''

* Doesn't turn as fast as the biplanes it typically faces
* Stealth belts are the only viable belt to use for both Ho-103 & Type 89
* Fragile frame
* Easily set afire
* Engine can be easily damaged
* Lacks self-sealing fuel tanks
* Absence of any armour protection
* Ho-103 (12.7 mm) has an abysmal ammo capacity in Realistic and Simulator battles (540 total)
* Rudder locks up at around >450 km/h, meaning that you will miss quite some passes due to the aim not being able to adjust horizontally

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ki_43_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|w_3vuywdr5E|'''The Shooting Range #27''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:22 discusses the Ki-43.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/202474-nakajima-ki-43-i/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Nakajima}}
{{Japan fighters}}

H8K3

2024-10-07T06:06:01Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
|about = premium aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage = the other H8K plane
|link = H8K2
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=h8k3
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a prototype variant of the H8K family of flying bombers, being this one the successor to the H8K2, the most produced and praised variant of this family. The H8K3 as mentioned, was a prototype, of which only 2 where ever made. The aircraft had retractable floaters which greatly reduced drag and thus improved top speed, range and fuel efficiency, a retractable dorsal turret, Fowler slaps and sliding hatches replacing the blisters housing the side guns.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.57 "Battle March"]]. The H8K3 is and should be used as a heavy bomber, but even classified as this, the aircraft is decently fast for its size and features a good climb rate. This combined with its decent defensive armament makes it a hard bomber to engage by fighters and even some interceptors. Still with this, the H8K3 is quite large and can be easily engaged from long distances or hit by AA. This is specially problematic in naval battles because enemy ships AA is more effective. To deal with this you could either engage from really high altitude and drop bombs or engage at low altitude with torpedoes which is more accurate but carries more risk. By using floaters the H8K3 can also capture points by landing on them but this is specially dangerous.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 514 || 503 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 33.9 || 34.7 || 4.2 || 4.2 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 570 || 541 || 32.1 || 33.0 || 11.4 || 7.3
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 560  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 402 || 379 || 260 || ~4 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 360 || < 360 || < 360 || > 341
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 20 mm steel plates protecting rear gunner
* 5 mm steel behind pilots
* 5 mm protecting dorsal gunner
* 5 mm behind hull fuel tanks
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (6 in mid-fuselage, 1 in each wingroot, 3 in each wing)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|Navy Type 98 Number 25 (250 kg)|Navy Type 99 Number 80 AP (800 kg)|Number 80 Mod. 1 (800 kg)}}
{{main|Type 91 Model 2 (835 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 2 x 835 kg Type 91 Model 2 torpedoes
* 16 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (960 kg total)
* 8 x 250 kg Navy Type 98 Number 25 bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 2 x 800 kg Navy Type 99 Number 80 AP bombs (1,600 kg total)
* 2 x 800 kg Number 80 Mod. 1 bombs (1,600 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Type 99 Model 1 (20 mm)|Type 92 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 1 cannon, nose turret (270 rpg)
* 1 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 1 cannon, dorsal turret (450 rpg)
* 1 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 1 cannon, 2 x beam turrets (270 rpg)
* 1 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 1 cannon, tail turret (540 rpg)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Type 92 machine gun, 2 x cockpit turrets (582 rpg)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Type 92 machine gun, 2 x underwing turrets (582 rpg)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Type 92 machine gun, ventral turret (582 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* '''H'''8K for Flying boat:
** Bomber spawn
** Landing floats
*** Can capture points in Naval
** Excellent combined defensive armament
** 2 x [[Type 91 Model 3 (850 kg)|Type 91 Aerial Torpedo]]
*** Torpedo has the highest drop speed in the game at {{Annotation|580 km/h|350 mph}} and is one of the most feared torpedoes in Naval Battles
** 16 x [[Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|Type 97 No.6 Land Bomb (60 kg)]]
*** Gets 2 x bomb racks of 8 x 60 kg bombs which can be used to hit multiple targets
** 2 [[Navy Type Number 80 Model 1 (800 kg)|No.80 Land Bomb (800 kg)]]
*** Heaviest bomb Japanese Navy can offer
* '''H8K''' specific:
** Decent defensive armament for its rank: [[Type 99 Model 1 (20 mm)|20 mm Type 99 Model 1 Cannon]]
** Quite fast for its size and rank
** Incredible climb rate
** Decently survivable with armour and self-sealing tanks
* '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
** Improved aerodynamics due retractable landing gear
*** Faster
*** Better climb rate

'''Cons:'''

* '''H'''8K for Flying boat:
** Huge target
** Lack of land-suitable gear
*** Very unreliable to land on regular run-ways
** Bombs drop in series
* Common Navy plane construction:
** Poor defensive armament: [[Type 99 Model 1 (20 mm)|20 mm Type 99 Model 1 Cannon]]
*** Very low muzzle velocity
** Poor defensive armament: [[Type 92 (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Type 92 MG]]

== History ==

The H8K3 was a prototype variant of the H8K2. It was modified to allow the dorsal turret and the landing floats to retract, as well as to include fowler flaps, and the blisters which housed the side guns were replaced with sliding hatches. All such changes were made in order to reduce drag and thereby increase speed (Note: None of the turret modifications are currently modeled in game). A total of only 2 were built.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=h8k3 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/307704-kawanishi-h8k3/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Kawanishi}}
{{Japan bombers}}
{{Japan premium aircraft}}

H8K2

2024-10-07T05:59:03Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
|about = Japanese bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage = the premium version
|link = H8K3
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=h8k2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a variant of the '''Kawanishi H8K''' family of flying boats used by the Imperial Japanese Navy. The H8K was remarkably versatile and called "the most outstanding water-based combat aircraft of the Second World War" by Aircraft historian René Francillon. The H8K2 is a variant of the H8K. This variant employed Mitsubishi MK4Q Kasei 22 engines and improved tail gun turret. It was developed in 1943 and also fielded ASV (Air-Surface Vessel) radars on its last batch of the total 112 produced.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.57 "Battle March"]]. The H8K2 is a rather capable bomber for its BR. It can be compared to the German BV 238 but of course it has its differences. The H8K2 is heavy and slow, but since it is equiped with floaters it can be used in Naval Battles more effectively than other bombers. For regular battles the H8K2 is better used as a heavy bomber, fielding a powerful defensive armament in the form of 20mm cannons and 7.7 mm HMGs but its large size makes it an easy target for AA or interceptors. In naval battles it can be armed with two torpedoes and thanks to the floaters can land and take off from the water, this allows it to capture points although this is extremely risky.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 454 || 445 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 33.9 || 34.8 || 3.5 || 3.5 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 500 || 476 || 32.1 || 33.0 || 10.5 || 6.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 560  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 402 || 379 || 260 || ~4 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 360 || < 360 || < 360 || > 341
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 20mm steel plates protecting rear gunner
* 5mm steel behind pilots
* 5mm steel protecting dorsal gunner
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (6 in the mid-fuselage, 1 in each wingroot, 3 in each wing)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|Navy Type 98 Number 25 (250 kg)|Number 80 Mod. 1 (800 kg)|Navy Type 99 Number 80 AP (800 kg)|Type 91 Model 2 (835 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 2 x 835 kg Type 91 Model 2 torpedoes
* 16 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (960 kg total)
* 8 x 250 kg Navy Type 98 Number 25 bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 2 x 800 kg Navy Type 99 Number 80 AP bombs (1,600 kg total)
* 2 x 800 kg Number 80 Mod. 1 bombs (1,600 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Type 99 Model 1 (20 mm)|Type 92 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 1 cannon, nose turret (270 rpg)
* 1 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 1 cannon, dorsal turret (450 rpg)
* 1 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 1 cannon, 2 x beam turrets (270 rpg)
* 1 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 1 cannon, tail turret (540 rpg)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Type 92 machine gun, 2 x cockpit turrets (582 rpg)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Type 92 machine gun, 2 x wing root turrets (582 rpg)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Type 92 machine gun, ventral turret (582 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

The H8K2 can be thought of as a Japanese version of the German [[BV 238]], and plays similarly. However, there are some key differences between the two aircraft. The H8K2 can be used in both Naval battles, and Air battles, though there are some key limitations. The aircraft has a strong defensive armament suite of ten guns (five 20 mm cannons and five 7.7 mm machine guns), and can also carry a pair of torpedoes. However, it is a very large aircraft, and is easily shot down by enemy anti-aircraft fire. In general, the aircraft should avoid close-in, frontline combat, and instead be used as a heavy bomber/support aircraft.

The first playstyle for this aircraft would be a heavy bomber in RB. The aircraft benefits from airspawn, meaning that it is much less vulnerable from interception. However, there is one key limitation to this role - the H8K2's tiny payload. The aircraft can only carry a maximum of 1,600 kg of bombs, in two 800 kg bombs. This effectively limits the aircraft to destroying a single base, which doesn't yield great bonuses. The 800 kg bombs are also ineffective against ground targets, as they drop together. This means that the only viable option against ground targets are the 60 kg bombs. However, these are also rather ineffective due to their tiny size and low explosive mass.

The second, and more interesting playstyle would be in Naval RB. The aircraft is a floatplane, meaning that it can be used to cap bases. As well, the aircraft can carry two torpedoes, which are very effective against larger vessels. Thus, the aircraft could be used as a torpedo-bomber, staying low and attacking enemies with torpedoes from a distance. However, do not approach to close to enemy naval vessels, as the H8K is massive and an easy target for enemy AAA.

When being attacked, one excellent option is the H8K's defensive armament. The 20 mm Type 99 Model 1 cannons are essentially upgraded MG FF cannons, and can do extensive damage to attacking fighters. However, take note that the aircraft has very limited protection from the underside, similar to other flying boats. Try to bait attacking fighters to your six (and slightly to the right or left), so that you can engage them with the tail, dorsal and beam turrets.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* '''H'''8K for Flying boat:
** Bomber spawn
** Landing floats
*** Can capture points in Naval
** Excellent combined defensive armament
** 2 x [[Type 91 Model 3 (850 kg)|Type 91 Aerial Torpedo]]
*** Torpedo has the highest drop speed in the game at {{Annotation|580 km/h|350 mph}} and is one of the most feared torpedoes in Naval Battles
** 16 x [[Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|Type 97 No.6 Land Bomb (60 kg)]]
*** Gets 2 x bomb racks of 8 x 60 kg bombs which can be used to hit multiple targets
** 2 x [[Navy Type Number 80 Model 1 (800 kg)|No.80 Land Bomb (800 kg)]]
*** Heaviest bomb Japanese Navy can offer
* '''H8K''' specific:
** Decent defensive armament for its rank: [[Type 99 Model 1 (20 mm)|20 mm Type 99 Model 1 Cannon]]
** Quite fast for its size and rank
** Incredible climb rate
** Decently survivable with armour and self-sealing tanks

'''Cons:'''

* '''H'''8K for Flying boat:
** Huge target
** Lack of land-suitable gear
*** Very unreliable to land on regular run-ways
** Bombs drop in series
* Common Navy plane construction:
** Poor defensive armament: [[Type 99 Model 1 (20 mm)|20 mm Type 99 Model 1 Cannon]]
*** Very low muzzle velocity
** Poor defensive armament: [[Type 92 (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Type 92 MG]]

== History ==


Widely recognized as the best maritime combat aircraft of WWII, the H8K2 was the main production model of the H8K series of bombers, making up 112 of the 167 total H8Ks of all variants. In 1938, just as its predecessor, the H6K, was entering service, the Imperial Navy ordered the development of a larger aircraft with longer range suited for solo bombing and patrol missions. The resulting H8K flying boats, entering service in February 1942, performed well until the end of the war, and were respected by allied pilots for their fearsome defensive armament. After the war, an H8K2 (one of only four which survived the war) was captured by American forces, and was eventually returned to Japan in 1979, where it remains on display to this day.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=h8k2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/880|[Devblog] The Aerial Cruiser of Japan: H8K2 and H8K3]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/307703-kawanishi-h8k2/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Kawanishi}}
{{Japan bombers}}

G.91 R/4

2024-09-30T05:17:40Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = premium Italian jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = G.91 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=fiat_g91_r4
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_G.91_R4.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was the successor of the R/3, being a hybrid between the R/1 and R/3. It retained the advanced avionics and pylons of the R/3 but with the 4 Browning MGs from the R/1. Many NATO nations where interested, like Portugal, Greece, Turkey and Germany. However the aircraft competed against American and was only put in service with West Germany and Portugal. The last one to deploy it in most combats, being used in colonial wars in Angola, Mozambique and other Portuguese colonial domains.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]] as a [[wt:en/news/6078-development-g-91ys-turning-and-burning-en|pack vehicle]] purchasable in the Gaijin Store, but was removed from sale after the [[wt:en/news/7154-shop-may-sale-in-the-gaijin-store-en|2021 May Sale]]. It later returned for purchase for Golden Eagles {{ge}} in [[Update "Red Skies"]]. The R/4 is a variant of the G.91 jet fighter that has been modified for ground attack, allowing it access to a competitive selection of air-to-ground ordnance such as bombs, rockets, and high-explosive air-to-ground missiles. The R/4 also has the option to equip two different types of air-to-air missiles: the IR-tracking [[AIM-9B Sidewinder]] missile, or the command-guided [[AA-20 Nord]] missile. The G.91 R/4 is a very nimble fighter with relatively average top speed and fairly good acceleration. Best played as a support fighter, the G.91 R/4 can use its incredible roll and turn rates to quickly get guns on target, as well as to dodge the typically less manoeuvrable fighters that it shares its battle ratings with.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The G.91 was intended to replace the [[F-86A-5|F-86A Sabre]] in German, Portuguese and Italian service, and it shows. With an empty weight of only 3,100 kg (6,800 lbs) and a takeoff weight of 5,500 kg (12,100 lbs), the Gina is in the weight class as the [[P-51D-5|P-51D]] and [[MiG-9]], yet severely lighter than most other jets and losing about one and a half tonnes compared to the Sabre A.

Although only outputting a meagre 22 kN of thrust, this first look disadvantage is literally outweighed by the high thrust to weight ratio of 0.73 empty (0.41 full). This makes the Gina an excellent dogfighter as jet fighters maintain their top speed, climb rate, and sustained turn-rate by their engine power rather than other flight characteristics. It can easily reach its own terminal speed (1,011 km/h, 921 ft/s) and self-destruct in level flight.

Lacking in straight wings and leading wing slats, the stall speed for the G.91 is higher than the low weight leads one to assume. One should hence be wary of many older jet types with said features, as after bleeding too much speed they can easily out-manoeuvre the Gina.

Starting with 20 min of fuel, gaining the climb speed of 800 km/h IAS (sustainable @ 7-8°; 730 ft/s) takes a mere ~80 seconds with 20 predicated for taking off at 230 km/h or 210 ft/s IAS. An Immelmann at 800 km/h will gain 1,000 m and lose 300 km/h. A hard 180° turn at the same speed takes >100 km/h and may lose up to 60 m.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,066 || 1,042 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.4 || 28.0 || 30.4 || 29.5 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,097 || 1,084 || 24.8 || 26.0 || 49.3 || 39.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 589 || 550 || 345 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 800 || < 650 || < 660 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Bristol Orpheus MK.803 || 1
| colspan="2" | 3,477 kg || colspan="3" | 289 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 9m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 32m fuel
|-
| 380 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 3,837 kg || 4,269 kg || 4,662 kg || 4,740 kg || 5,800 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (101%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || 101%
! 9m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 32m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 2,212 kgf || 2,234 kgf
| 0.58 || 0.52 || 0.48 || 0.47 || 0.39
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 2,212 kgf (0 km/h) || 2,234 kgf (0 km/h)
| 0.58 || 0.52 || 0.48 || 0.47 || 0.39
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 40 mm Bulletproof glass in front of the pilot
* 6.5 mm Steel plate, starts in the pilot's seat, goes below the pilot, ends in front of the pilot
* 6.5 mm Steel plate below a fuel tank in the centre-front of the fuselage
* 6.5 mm Steel plate below a fuel tank in the centre-rear of the fuselage
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (6 mid-fuselage)

Though the G.91 R/4 does have a decent amount of armour spaced out between the centre and front of the fuselage, the steel plates will only be sufficient to protect the pilot and aircraft from lower calibre fire (7.92 mm to 7.62 mm machine guns will only penetrate at '''very''' close ranges). And, thanks to the sacrifices made to lighten the aircraft, the airframe is not particularly reinforced. The wings are very thin and susceptible to being out-right broken off by most-all primary armaments the G.91 will face at its tier, and the fuselage is full of juicy fuel tanks as well as the single engine of the R/4. Even more so than most planes, the G.91 R/4 is not capable of taking any hits. Even low calibre fire, such as that from .50 cal machine guns, can cripple an R/4 nigh-immediately and necessitate an immediate return-to-base.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="6%" | 1 !! width="6%" | 2 !! width="6%" | 3 !! width="6%" | 4 !! width="6%" | 5 !! width="6%" | 6
| rowspan="10" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_G.91_R-4.png]]</div>
|-
! [[M3 Browning (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M3 Browning]] machine guns (300 rpg)
| || || 2 || 2* || ||
|-
! [[AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|500 lb AN-M64A1]] bombs
| || 1 || || || 1 ||
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| || 1 || || || 1 ||
|-
! [[Aerea 559G1 incendiary]] bombs
| || 1 || || || 1 ||
|-
! [[FFAR Mighty Mouse]] rockets
| || 19 || || || 19 ||
|-
! [[AA-20 Nord]] missiles
| 1* || 1* || || || 1* || 1*
|-
! [[AIM-9B Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 1
|-
! [[AS-20 Nord]] missiles
| 1* || 1* || || || 1* || 1*
|-
| colspan="7" | Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 390 kg
|-
| colspan="8" | * MCLOS missiles cannot be carried in conjunction with machine guns on hardpoint 4
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 4 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns (300 rpg = 1,200 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine gun + 4 x AA-20 Nord missiles
* 4 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns + 4 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns + 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 2 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine gun + 4 x AS-20 Nord missiles
* 4 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns + 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 4 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns + 2 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 4 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns + 2 x Aerea 559G1 incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

Featuring a wide range of ordnance, the G.91 R/4 can be equipped for any role from ground to air combat, though it prefers air superiority.

The M3 Browning is a new weapon in the Italian arsenal at rank V and, compared to the previous experiences, a let down. The rate of fire is phenomenal, but the small calibre and ammo size put a serious damper to the mood, that is in comparison of course. In practise and with good aim, it can easily shred four fighters. The high bullet velocity and fire rate is quite the advantage in the fast pace world of jet combat, ensuring hits in deflection shots where the lower rate of fire found in the [[:Category:Fifth_rank_aircraft|Soviet jet fighters]] might have failed the pilot.

Yet one will always look onto greener pastures, especially as the Gina only has four guns unlike all other Browning armed jets. No matter how you turn it, the armament is only manageable with skill and outright bad for a beginner.

For air-to-ground purposes, the G.91 R/4 is similar to the [[G.91 pre-serie]] and [[G.91 R/1]], both its predecessors, in loadout options, sharing the same FFAR Mighty Mouse rocket option as well as the choice of a pair of 500 lb bombs. However, the G.91 R/4 has an additional and unique option: the AS-20 Nord air-to-ground missile, with a reasonable penetration value (83 mm RHAe) but incredible warhead size of (just under) 30 kg of TNT. Skilled use of the missile can allow for a more accurate fire at longer ranges especially versus more dangerous vehicles like self-propelled anti-aircraft guns.

Air-to-air ordnance selection is where the G.91 R/4 stands out from its brethren; the G.91 R/4 is the lowest-ranked jet in the Italian aircraft tree to gain access to air-to-air missiles, with access to the American AIM-9B infrared-guided missile, and one of only two jets in-game (alongside the [[Super Mystere B2|Super Mystére B.2]]) to have the option of loading the unique AA-20 Nord air-to-air missiles; keyboard guided missiles with a 15 metre proximity fuse. Unlike infrared-guided missiles in War Thunder, the AA-20 Nords do not warn targets of a missile launch giving R/4 pilots the element of surprise, and the Nord's proximity fuse increases the chance of long-range launches striking a target, though these perks come at the demand of a much higher skill floor for usage.

== Usage in battles ==

Due to the G.91 R/4's notably lower speed and high-end acceleration as compared to its contemporaries, the R/4 should be played as a support fighter, meaning the pilot should seek to stick near teammates rather than hunting targets solo, and opt to pick off hostile aircraft that are engaged and distracted with/by allied fighters. The G.91 airframe is exceptionally agile, and the R/4 is no exception; even heavily manoeuvring targets are easy for this plane to keep the nose on. The plane's exceptional roll and turn rates are its biggest strengths, and the pilot should seek to use that to their advantage rather than attempting to fight speed or energy battles.

Make use of the G.91 R/4's varied suspended armaments to dispatch a variety of targets. The AIM-9B is a very easy to use missile and can force faster targets to manoeuvre, slowing them down, and can sometimes even net target destructions. Be careful when using this missile around friendlies though, as a misguided Sidewinder '''will''' destroy allied aircraft. The AA-20 Nord is a much more difficult missile to use, but it has a far longer effective range and can often surprise enemies who expect a warning from enemy missile launches. Use the massive range and proximity fuse to take down faster targets flying away from you, and consider using them to destroy bombers such as the often-seen [[S.O.4050_Vautour_IIB|Vautour IIB]], [[S.O.4050_Vautour_IIA|Vautour IIA]], and [[Vautour_IIA_IDF/AF_(France)|Israeli Vautour IIA]], who not only are far less able to dodge missiles but also have larger airframes that trigger the proximity fuse from longer distances.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Exceptional manoeuvrability, with very high roll and turn rates
* Varied and effective suspended armament choices
* Access to air-to-air missiles, including the [[AA-20|AA-20 Nord]]
* Access to the [[AS-20|AS-20 Nord]] air-to-ground missile

'''Cons:'''

* Relatively low calibre primary armament (four .50 cal Brownings)
* Slower than most of its contemporaries
* Very fragile airframe
* Poor energy retention

== History ==

The story of the Fiat G.91 R/4 began during the late stages of the Cold War, with the first pre-serie G.91s being tested in Italy. NATO had set up a competition between nations, in the hopes that all NATO members would share the same aircraft to facilitate the overall structure of NATO member air forces. Having access to the same aircraft en mass would have benefited the alliance in many ways, such as the availability of spare parts, NATO pilots being able to operate the same aircraft (meaning that in the event of war there would always be trained pilots available to operate the aircraft), and overall saving a lot of time and money. The original competition specifications which NATO outlined called for a jet able to carry up to 450 kg of ordnance, an operational radius of 180 km, with a maximum speed of at least Mach 0.95 and a takeoff distance of no more than 1,100 m, on unprepared or grass runways. For this, a lot of nations had decided to take part, mainly because it would result in an influx of financial support. Overall from all the nations that had decided to participate, 8 aircraft competed. This would include aircraft such as the French Dassault [[Etendard IVM|Etendard]] (then called the Mystere XXVI), the British Folland Gnat and the Italian Aerfer [[Sagittario 2]] which would ultimately lose to the G.91. During the competition, a lot of aircraft would not pass to the next stages of the competition. The G.91 among some other aircraft were selected for the second round beginning in late 1957. The Italian Air Force was already showing interest despite the NATO competition still ongoing, eventually Fiat went ahead with a small batch of 27 pre-production ("pre-serie" in Italian) aircraft, with the first flight of the G.91 being completed in August 1956, seven months ahead of its competitors. Sadly, during testing the first prototype of the G.91 would crash due to aeroelastic vibrations in February 1957. Although this proved to be a setback, it did not stop the interest from the Italian Air Force, and the G.91 would still enter the second round of the NATO competition as scheduled, shortly thereafter announced as the winner in January 1958. After extensive testing of the Fiat G.91, and some refinement to the design, the first official major order from the Italian government would arrive, which initially ordered 23 examples of the production version of the G.91.

The production version of the Fiat G.91 was the G.91 R, which was specifically intended for both close air support and photo-reconnaissance. It was armed with 4 x 12.7 mm Browning M3 machine guns which would be placed in the front of the aircraft. It also had 2 pylons which were able to carry a multitude of payload options, which included unguided rockets and bombs. The first production aircraft would be completed by 1959, and the R/1 entered Italian Air Force service with 14th Gruppo in March 1961. In total, 48 of this model would be built. Later on, 2 new variants of the G.91 R/1 would appear, called G.91 R/1A and G.91 R1/B, these would be extensively upgraded and had a reinforced airframe, updated avionics and stronger air-brakes. One of the many things that this new version of the G.91 could do was allow the installation of AS-20 Nords, which would be extensively trialled by the Italian Air Force, and later on applied to more advanced G.91 variants.

The overwhelming success of the G.91 in Italian service would further convince other NATO alliance members to begin to place orders, one of them being Germany. Germany had shown great interest in the aircraft, mainly due its great flight characteristics and the ability to modify the aircraft to suit a nation's operational needs. Thus, Germany would order 50 examples of the G.91 R/3. The G.91 R/3 was a modified version of G.91, removing the Browning .50 cal machine guns in favour for 2 x 30 mm DEFA cannons, included with that would be the improved avionics package that were present on the G.91 R/1A and R/1B, allowing the installation of AS-20 Nords. Lastly the R/3 would receive 2 more pylons, which would give the aircraft a total of 4 pylons. Germany had liked this version so much so that they decided to buy the rights to produce this aircraft, which spawned another 294 versions built in Germany.

Eventually the R/3 would lead to the R/4, a hybrid version of both the G.91 R/1 and G.91 R/3, which would keep the advanced avionics and pylons from the R/3 but would instead revert back to the 4 Browning machine guns from the R/1. As previously stated, many NATO member would be interested, the R/4 was supposed to have been sold to the nations of Greece and Turkey, but after the USA stepped in and offered their aircraft and a cheaper price, the sale fell through and ended up entering West German service instead. However what makes the R/4 well known was mainly due to the extensive service it had inside of the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa) during their colonial wars against Angola, Mozambique, and other domains of the former Portuguese empire. Portugal had interest in the aircraft, they'd get 110 of them surplus from Germany. They'd partially put it in service to replace the obsolete [[F-84 (Family)|F-84 Thunderjets]] and [[F-86 (Family)|F-86 Sabres]] that they had in service. The Portuguese Air Force would be the only user of the G.91 series of vehicles to actually use in active combat, the first Portuguese air group to enter active service with the new aircraft was the "121st Tigres Squadron" commanded by Lieutenant Egídio Lopes in April of 1966 in Bissalanca, Guinea. The department commanded by Lopes thus formed a quick reaction force done to support the action of the land units in counter-guerrilla operations, which at times also provided them photo reconnaissance missions, starting from the last quarter of 1966 when the G.91 reached an acceptable level of operational readiness. The G.91 R/4 was liked by its users, so much so that the aircraft had been given the nickname of 'Gina' in Portuguese service, the nickname is still popular nowadays with many ex-servicemen whom operated the G.91.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fiat_g91_r4 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:G91 R4.png|Left side of the G.91 R/4
File:G91 R4 2.png|Nose of the G.91 R/4
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|aMOb7dfH6ZI|'''"G.91 R/4 "Portuguese Devil" - Update 1.87 Premium"''' by ''BaconGaming''|4wIDFwbBb74|'''"G.91 R/4 - Like A Cold Pizza"''' by ''NapalmRatte''}}

== See also ==


* [[G.91 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/363988-fiat-g91-discussion-thread/ WT Forum: Fiat G.91 discussion thread]
* [[wikipedia:Fiat_G.91|[Wikipedia] Fiat G.91]]
* [https://store.gaijin.net/story.php?title=Fiat-G-91-R%2F4-Pack Fiat G.91 R/4 Pack (Gaijin.Net Store)]

{{AirManufacturer Fiat}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}
{{Italy premium aircraft}}

Ariete (Fighter)

2024-09-30T04:47:53Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = Italian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Ariete (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ariete
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a prototype aircraft which was primarily made for export after the previous design known as the Aerfer Sagittario 2 lost the NATO competition to the G.91. Aerfer would further improve the design by giving it a new engine which would make it one of the most manoeuvrable aircraft of the time, it remained largely simmilar to the original designed. Sadly it also wasn't picked, the Aerfer Ariete would no longer be offered for export as the Aerfer company would begin to work on its next aircraft, known as the Aerfer Leone.

It was introduced in [[Update "Danger Zone"]].. The Aerfer Ariete is a further development of the Aerfer Sagittario 2. The aircraft is one of the more nimble and dog-fight friendly jets that Italy has access to inside its tech tree. Similarly to the Sagittario 2, it has great handling and 2 fast firing cannons which destroy pretty much any aircraft that is unlucky enough to get hit by it. In game it is even better than the Sagittario due to it having access to another engine known as the Rolls-Royce RSr.2 Soar. Again similarly to the Sagittario it does not have a lot of fuel for it to be able to stay in the air for too long, so players may not want to over extend when playing the aircraft.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The Aerfer Ariete has incredible manoeuvrability, at its battle rating and even above it, there won't be many aircraft that can match you in terms of how responsive the aircraft is. Whilst playing the Aerfer Ariete, you are able to do amazing manoeuvres that the enemy team could only dream of doing. Due to this, an experienced player in this aircraft can become quite a dangerous opponent. The max altitude of the Aerfer Ariete is 12,000 metres, thanks to its rate of climb, you should be able to reach a good altitude at the beginning of the match with minimal effort required. In a dogfight, the Ariete can typically pull 12G, and in extreme cases, up to 15G. This makes up for the less than desirable roll rate and allows you to quickly reverse dogfights in the two-circle and one-circle. Its secondary engine (in the tail) shuts down below 110% throttle, so you can conserve fuel and slow down quickly in turn fights, then regain energy quickly when the time comes. You can see this in game, at 100% throttle, the small scoop just before the vertical stabilizer will retract to be flush with the fuselage, and the OIL2 and ENGN2 values will begin decreasing until you go back to 110%.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,042 || 1,037 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.4 || 24.7 || 31.3 || 27.1 || rowspan="2" | 1,000
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,057 || 1,050 || 23.6 || 24.0 || 60.3 || 45.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,125  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 498 || 470 || 320 || ~12 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 520 || < 550 || < 550 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Derwent 9 / Rolls-Royce RSr.2 Soar || 2
| colspan="2" | 2,544 kg || colspan="3" | 236 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 33m fuel
|-
| 580 / 121 kg || colspan="2" | Centrifugal-flow turbojet / Axial-flow turbojet
| 2,825 kg || 3,095 kg || 3,371 kg || 3,480 kg || 3,526 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (110%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || 110%
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 33m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,536 kgf / 38 kgf || 1,536 kgf / 764 kgf
| 0.81 || 0.74 || 0.68 || 0.66 || 0.65
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,536 kgf (0 km/h) / 38 kgf (0 km/h) || 1,536 kgf (0 km/h) / 764 kgf (0 km/h)
| 0.81 || 0.74 || 0.68 || 0.66 || 0.65
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 40 mm bulletproof glass - Windscreen
* 6.5 mm steel - Behind pilot's seat

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano HS 825 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm Hispano HS 825 cannons, nose-mounted (120 rpg = 240 total)

== Usage in battles ==


Using the Aerfer Ariete is quite straightforward, it's an aircraft that nearly anyone can pick up and do fairly well in. It plays basically like a better [[Sagittario 2]] so a lot of how to use this vehicle remains the same. The Aerfer Ariete will be one of the top dogs when it comes to dogfighting, this is mainly due to its amazing flight performance, which when compared with the majority of aircraft it'll face in a downtier, make this vehicle quite fun to use. The best way to play the Aerfer Ariete is to climb to an average altitude of around 3,500-4,000 metres at a 10° angle to make sure that you have some spare speed, and engage with any somewhat isolated enemy you can encounter. This is highly effective mainly due to the powerful 30 mm HS 825 cannons that the Ariete has access to. This plane is really good dogfighter so you are able to perform quite a lot of manoeuvres that many aircraft are not able to pull off. Make sure you consider that during engagements, especially because the aircraft can easily pull G's without too much punishment towards the player controlling it. However, you should be careful to not get caught in a furball or doing sustained turns as your plane bleeds a higher amount of speed during turns than your enemies, However if you have a pack of enemies behind you, and you're flying at a good speed (650 km/h or more), you can pull hard to evade all of them and try to fight back. Keep in mind, if you want to take advantage of its speed and manoeuvrability, you will have to keep the aircraft as light as possible, meaning bringing the minimal amount of fuel. This may seem like a disadvantage to some, but it's likely the most effective way to get eliminations with the vehicle as it allows the aircraft to remain fast and nimble. Do keep in mind that if you decide not to bring a lot of fuel, you won't be in the battle as long, so make sure to make every second count.

Another thing that people may claim is a disadvantage is the low ammo count; although this is somewhat true, doesn't mean the vehicle suffers. The HS 825 cannons are extremely deadly, they have a very high muzzle velocity (About 1000 m/s), and paired up with the hard-hitting 30 mm HE calibre, means that the majority of enemy aircraft you'll face will be destroyed after a small barrage of your main weapon. The Aerfer Ariete can also work at low altitude as an AI ground pounder, the main cannons it has access to are just as effective at taking out ground AI targets as they are at taking down air targets. This can be very effective as you can easily take advantage of your speed at the beginning of the match to slip past undetected by enemy aircraft. You could also use this to surprise enemies by flanking them once they've flown past you, unaware that you're actually able to go behind them. This is especially useful against A-10's and A-6E's you may face, as well as SU-25's as they will almost always engage you with all-aspect AAM's. If you stick close to the ground, you can come up from below and quickly glue yourself to their tail, and with enough awareness, you can juggle a dogfight between several opponents at once. Just be careful to watch your ammo counts, as the higher armoured planes (previously mentioned) tend to tank your shots if placed badly (wingtips, elevators, fuselage). When behind one of these vehicles, try to go for the base of the wings, the center of the elevators/rudder, or a clean pilot snipe. Planes like the MiG-19, MiG-17, and F-104 can put up a fight, but if you use your extraordinary climb rate, energy conservation, and turn time, again, you can easily reverse any fight.

The Aerfer Ariete does not have access to any countermeasures so keep that in mind if you choose to bring it in air or ground RB. Its cannons are enough to easily make make short work for the majority of lightly armoured ground vehicles, such as IFVs and SPAAs. One thing you will need to be aware of is the fact the the Aerfer Ariete will face enemy aircraft armed with missiles, if you get caught off-guard you will become easy prey for enemies far away from you. To make the most out the the aircraft, only engage when in close proximity. Considering it doesn't have any payload options such as rockets or bombs, you'll have to entirely rely on your main cannons, and that also goes for air vehicles, as you don't have access to air-to-air missiles. It is not recommended to land on short runways, it should be avoided or risk crashing at the end. This also applies for Arcade battles. Overall in the Aerfer Ariete try at all times to take advantage of your abilities, as it's the best way to come on top in duels, and win the match.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The second engine provides about 50% more thrust than the Sagittario 2
* The high fire rate and velocity of the 30 mm Hispano's can make quick work of any aircraft or light ground target
* The high velocity of the 30 mm Hispano is easy to use and beginner friendly
* Extremely effective aircraft control even at high speed
* Quick acceleration for a jet without an afterburner

'''Cons:'''

* The second engine will burn off fuel faster if used
* Only a high explosive belt can be used
* A low ammo count of 240 rounds paired with a quick fire rate means trigger discipline is a must
* No suspended armament
* Large possibility of facing many supersonic jets
* Has a heavier airframe than the Sagittario 2 due to the second engine
* Requires high level pilot to handle high G turns and avoid constant blackout
* No Counter Measures, while most of the time facing IR and all aspect missiles
* Unfortunate BR which all but guarantees full uptiers, where dog fighting ability is trumped by good IR missiles

== History ==


The story of the Aerfer Ariete began roughly around the 1950s during the Cold War. The aircraft would be completely designed by Sergio Stefanutti, who was one of the most original and innovative Italian aeronautical designers. In fact, in 1939, he produced the S.S.4 that was the first fighter in the world to fly with canard lifting surfaces and forward landing gear. During the Second World War he was involved in the construction of the "Light fighter", fast and well-armed, which was able to compete with those in its class, equal in weight, dimensions and even greater in power, but which couldn't be mass-produced because of the unfavourable conclusion of the conflict. His work as a designer also continued into the 1940s and 1950s, when, despite the destruction of the war, the Italian aviation industry was still showing its strength, proposing numerous new types of aircraft for both the internal and international market.

Eventually, he'd come up with the Aerfer "Sagittario II" (Sagittarius II), the light jet fighter with swept wings. It was the first Italian supersonic jet fighter, designed and produced at the beginning of the 1950s by Sergio Stefanutti and was a logical development on the light fighters previously built for SAI Ambrosini. The Sagittario 2 was actually a development of previous Stefanutti designs, originally based of a pre-war piston-engine aircraft meant for racing.

Eventually, after a few shortcomings which included some issues with the jet engine, the Sagittario was born. There were a lot of advancements made during the development of the Sagittario, but sadly whilst conducting tests, it was quickly learned about certain defects of the aircraft, one of them being discovered after landing.

In 1958, the Aerfer Ariete would first appear, it would be a further development of the Sagittario 2, one of the main differences would be the modified fuselage to allow for a new engine to be installed on top of the previous one. The main reasoning for this aircraft to be made was to bring the Sagittario 2 to industry standards for subsequent mass production and to hopefully make a useful fighter aircraft in the eyes of several airforces around the world. It would keep the same the dual 30 mm Hispano-Suiza 825 cannons. It would hold up to 120 rounds per cannon, they fired bullets that were 113 mm long and 30 mm in diameter. The bullets had a total weight of 360 grams. The reason the cannons would actually be as powerful as they were was due to the ammunition being 40% larger than the bullets of the same calibre used by the other small Western cannons then in production. As an example, the French DEFA used a 275 gram bullet, and the British Aden used 220 gram bullet. For suspended armament it kept the same options that the Sagittario had: conventional bombs, napalm, and unguided rockets would all be part of its arsenal.

The prototype would be built at the Aerfer plant in Pomigliano d'Arco, near Naples. On the 27th of March 1958 at the Experimental Flight Department, with registration number MM 568, the Aerfer Ariete would undergo its first test flight in Pratica di Mare. It did show some good qualities, however the results gained from the various tests conducted did prove that for an aircraft of that era, it would not be up to standards. Following this revelation, the Italian Air Force would renounce any acquisition of the aircraft and therefore remained a sole prototype. Following the Aerfer Ariete, the Aerfer Leone would be designed which would aim to improve and actually bring the aircraft to match the specification needs from the Italian airforce, sadly it would not be completed and the project would end there, marking likely the last proper attempt from Aerfer in making a jet for the Italian airforce.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ariete Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|S_VWNErfrlA|'''Italian Beauty! Ariete - Italy''' - ''Jengar''|Vq-U6lM3EdA|'''Untouchable - Aerfer Ariete''' - ''DEFYN''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Sagittario 2]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7741-development-new-premium-jets-lightning-f-53-and-ariete-en|[Devblog] New Premium jets: Lightning F.53 and Ariete]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/557164-ariete/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Aerfer}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}
{{Italy premium aircraft}}

C. 202

2024-09-30T04:47:20Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = Italian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = C. 202 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=mc-202_italy
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was the successor of the Macchi C.200, developed by Italian engineer Mario Castoldi, the aircraft proved to be very effective against its contemporaries after its introduction in 1941. The aircraft was mainly used in the North Africa campaign, and stayed there until 1943 until Italian Forces where started to be diverted to Sicily to hold against the Allied Invasion. The aircraft was also deployed on limited numbers against the Soviet Union. The aircraft was succeeded by the Macchi C.205 and a total of 1150 where manufactured.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]], though a variant existed in the [[C. 202 (Germany)|German tech tree]] prior to the update.The {{PAGENAME}} ''"Folgore"'' (''Lightning'') is an Italian fighter which is dedicated for air superiority and air to air combats due to its lack of ground ordinance. This aircraft features a solid combination of good speed, very good rate of climb and good roll speed. One of its downsides however is the low damage output, since it lacks cannons, it relies on 12.7 and 7.7mm guns that, while enough for fighters even tho they require long bursts to take down, are not good at all against bombers. Overall this aircraft is a dogfighter that relies on its performance rather than on its armament to defeat its enemies

[[File:FighterImage_C202.jpg|thumbnail|right|''Over the deserts of Africa'']]

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

In essence very similar to the [[Bf 109 F-4]]: Great climb rate and acceleration and with good top speed and turn rate. Dive performance is great, yet the control surfaces lock up hard above 600 km/h IAS. So leave plenty of space to pull out of a dive, it reaches said speeds rather quickly! Even so the locked controls prevent G-force failure of wings. A blessing in disguise for many new inexperienced RB/SB pilots. Energy retention in Zooms is good, too. This however, is mostly due to the aforementioned climb rate which is engine enabled. A damaged engine guts and severely hinders most flight characteristics.

Like its German brother at heart, the Folgore also features several downsides: the engine torque is significant and will roll the aircraft to the side when performing any kind of manoeuvre. Note the slightly longer left wing to at least neuter this effect in level flight, unlike the Bf 109 pilots who will have to permanently trim their ailerons on the runway. Further aiming and aligning yourself to the target can thusly be rather difficult, as the craft will twitch and shift significantly. As usual lead in deflection shots are the easiest approach. The control lock up was already mentioned and must always be considered.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 579 || 561 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.0 || 20.7 || 12.7 || 12.7 || rowspan="2" | 368
|-
! Upgraded
| 627 || 602 || 18.0 || 19.0 || 19.7 || 15.8
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 845  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 535 || 450 || 260 || ~15 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 400 || < 270 || < 550 || > 350
|-
|}

[[File:C202_attacking_001.jpg|400px|thumb|right|A '''{{PAGENAME}}''' diving on an enemy bomber.]]

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

Quite vulnerable to all weapons fire. The engine and water coolers lack any protection and are often the first to go under fire. The pilot is not much better. While the windscreen is quite thick it is also very small and the 8 mm of steel will only stop a sneeze. Any calibre past 7 mm will kiss your pilot's cheek.

Ace Tip #1 applies: ''Don't get shot at!''

* 8 mm Steel - Armoured headrest
* 50 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The Folgore's focus on energy fighting should be reflected in the desired grind strategy. Compressor & Engine are the top priority, boosting the acceleration and climb to the maximum needed for most situations. The next upgrades are free to choose for you. New belts are always nice, but the default ones are decent.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)|Breda-SAFAT (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (400 rpg = 800 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, wing-mounted (500 rpg = 1,000 total)

It is unfortunate that such a fast fighter is paired up with relatively weak armament of the 12.7 and 7.7 mm machine guns, however, all is not lost with this setup. Since the setup locates the two 12.7 mm machine guns in the nose and a single 7.7 mm machine gun in each wing, convergence is a must to be considered to make the shots count when the fighter engages. The punch of the machine gun ammunition starts to significantly drop beyond 400 m, therefore setting convergence between 150 and 300 m should help to concentrate all the ammunition into one area resulting maximum damage possible. The pilot must remember though, with convergence set this close, he will need to manoeuvre his fighter in close before opening up and then it is important to concentrate on critical components as just shooting into the fuselage will not do a whole lot of damage. Trying to shoot any aircraft down outside of the 400 m range may result in a "lucky" shot, but those will be few and far between.

== Usage in battles ==

The most important things the {{PAGENAME}} needs are speed and altitude. It is generally a good idea to climb to at least 4-5,000 meters before levelling out and gaining speed. From there on, it's Boom & Zoom, working your way from top to bottom. Priority should be given to [[P-39N-0|P-39 Airacobra's]], [[F6F-5|Hellcats]] and [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfires]], as these are difficult opponents if they are allowed to engage on their terms. The Hellcat is a considerable problem for the {{PAGENAME}}, due to the fact it is considerably faster and climbs fairly well. The best way of dealing with them is to fight them at speeds above 400 km/h, where the Hellcat begins to stiffen up, but you retain your very good roll rate, which you can use to spoil his gun solution by constantly changing direction.

While diving on your chosen target, be mindful of your speed. The {{PAGENAME}}'s rate of roll becomes considerably worse when you hit 600 km/h. However, the elevator remains functional up until around 700 km/h, and the rip speed is passed at 800 km/h. When trying to lead an enemy plane that is making a hard break turn, try to avoid making high G turns or turns that burn a lot of speed, as this rapidly bleeds speed, forcing you to engage in a dogfight where your mediocre low-speed manoeuvrability can offer an advantage to the enemy. While dogfighting is very much possible against some planes, it is advisable to run by going into a shallow dive. Climbing is a possible alternate strategy, the rate of climb is one of the best at its BR, meaning that if you have a small speed advantage you can get some separation and climb away.

[[File:C202_and_LeO_bomber_001.jpg|400px|thumb|right|A '''{{PAGENAME}}''' diving on an enemy [[LeO 451 early|LeO 451]] bomber.]]

The weak guns make the {{PAGENAME}} unsuited to effectively engaging bombers, especially well-defended ones such as the [[B-25J-1|B-25]] and the [[A-20G-25|A-20]]. It is better to join up with your teammates and then try to attack them together if possible. Aim for the engines and wings, engaging them through Boom-and-Zoom tactics. The {{PAGENAME}} is unable to carry bombs, rendering it unable to be used in ground attack.

''Tracers'', ''Anti-air'' or ''Stealth'' belts are recommended as they deal the most damage, with a good mix of incendiary and shrapnel. The Breda-SAFAT's shell velocity is low and suffers above 400 meters range, so only fire at or below that range for best effects. Furthermore, the armament is inadequate to deal with bombers. It is best to avoid them entirely or focus on taking out the engines. The only exceptions are the very early biplane bombers, such as [[Swordfish_Mk_I|Swordfish]], [[Po-2]] and the likes.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

[[File:C202_and_Bf_109_001.jpg|400px|thumb|right|A '''{{PAGENAME}}''' tailed by an enemy [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109]].]]

'''Pros:'''

* One of the fastest fighters compared to comparable fighters, rip speed is above 800 km/h
* Good roll rate under 600 km/h
* One of the best rates of climb compared to its contemporaries
* Decent performance on all altitudes
* Decent cockpit visibility, especially to the rear
* Decent energy retention in horizontal turns

'''Cons:'''

* Larger turn radius than the [[C.200 serie 3|C.200]], the C. 202 is not as agile as its predecessor
* Dual 12.7s are inadequate compared to 20mm cannons or great amounts of 12.7s which are found on fighters from other nations
* Thick canopy framing can make spotting hard from the cockpit view
* Armament has poor ballistics thus requiring the pilot to close in on enemy aircraft
* Extreme instability when using rudder turns and at low speeds in SB due to asymmetrical wings

== History ==

[[File:FighterImage_Mc202folgore01.jpg|thumbnail|right|Folgore in an olive grove]]
The famed Italian ace Maggiore Adriano Visconti flew the Folgore, including the predecessor Macchi C.200 Saetta and the successor Macchi C.205 Veltro.

In late 1941 the newer and deadlier Macchi M.C.202 Folgore (Thunderbolt) began to equip units of 7° Gruppo, and in early 1942 Visconti began flying the sleek, new fighter on photo reconnaissance sorties over Malta. Throughout these early years of the war, a near constant trickle of supplies was required to keep the strategically vital island of Malta alive and in allied hands: mid-June 1942 saw two of these convoys simultaneously attempt to resupply the island from different directions. Operation Harpoon – a convoy from Gibraltar – was coordinated with Operation Vigorous from Alexandria. Both convoys were opposed by axis forces and on June 15th, in the air battle above Operation Harpoon which would become known as the Battle of Pantelleria, Visconti shot down a Bristol Blenheim. On August 13th, whilst on a two aircraft reconnaissance sortie, Visconti and his wingman were jumped by four RAF Spitfires. Visconti engaged and shot down two Spitfires, allowing the second M.C.202 to complete the sortie. He was awarded another Medaglie d'Argento for his skill and courage.

Visconti served in Greece before being promoted to Capitano and taking command of 76a Squadriglia as 54° Stormo was deployed in Tunisia in March 1943. In the brief weeks of fighting which led up to the axis surrender in May, Visconti was credited with two Spitfires and a P-40, as well as several other probable victories. Sharing a cramped cockpit with a fellow pilot, Visconti escaped the allied advance by flying to Sicily. Given his wealth of experience carrying out high speed, daylight reconnaissance flights over Malta, Visconti was given command of 310a Squadriglia Caccia Aerofotografica, a newly formed reconnaissance squadron equipped with modified Macchi C.205 Veltros (Greyhounds) which were based east of Rome.<ref name="Visconti WT forum Ace of the Month">An excerpt from [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/291927-profile-ace-of-the-month-january-maggiore-adriano-visconti/ Ace of the Month - January - Maggiore Adriano Visconti], written by Mark Barber, War Thunder Historical Consultant alias Wafu Vasco.</ref>

Visconti remains a controversial figure due to his political alignment with Mussolini's Italian Social Republic.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=mc-202_italy Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/291927-profile-ace-of-the-month-january-maggiore-adriano-visconti/ [Profile<nowiki>]</nowiki> Ace of the Month - January - Maggiore Adriano Visconti] from the War Thunder official forum.
* [[wt:en/news/4774-vehicle-profile-c-202-as-fast-as-lightning-en|[Devblog] C.202: As Fast As Lightning]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/365069-macchi-mc202-serie-ix/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

=== References ===
<references />

{{AirManufacturer Macchi}}
{{Italy fighters}}

Ariete (Fighter)

2024-09-30T04:36:29Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = Italian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Ariete (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ariete
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''Aerfer Ariete''' is a prototype aircraft which was primarily made for export after the previous design known as the Aerfer Sagittario 2 lost the NATO competition to the G.91. Aerfer would further improve the design by giving it a new engine which would make it one of the most manoeuvrable aircraft of the time, it remained largely simmilar to the original designed. Sadly it also wasn't picked, the Aerfer Ariete would no longer be offered for export as the Aerfer company would begin to work on its next aircraft, known as the Aerfer Leone.

It was introduced in [[Update "Danger Zone"]]. The Aerfer Ariete is a further development of the Aerfer Sagittario 2. The aircraft is one of the more nimble and dog-fight friendly jets that Italy has access to inside its tech tree. Similarly to the Sagittario 2, it has great handling and 2 fast firing cannons which destroy pretty much any aircraft that is unlucky enough to get hit by it. In game it is even better than the Sagittario due to it having access to another engine known as the Rolls-Royce RSr.2 Soar. Again similarly to the Sagittario it does not have a lot of fuel for it to be able to stay in the air for too long, so players may not want to over extend when playing the aircraft.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The Aerfer Ariete has incredible manoeuvrability, at its battle rating and even above it, there won't be many aircraft that can match you in terms of how responsive the aircraft is. Whilst playing the Aerfer Ariete, you are able to do amazing manoeuvres that the enemy team could only dream of doing. Due to this, an experienced player in this aircraft can become quite a dangerous opponent. The max altitude of the Aerfer Ariete is 12,000 metres, thanks to its rate of climb, you should be able to reach a good altitude at the beginning of the match with minimal effort required. In a dogfight, the Ariete can typically pull 12G, and in extreme cases, up to 15G. This makes up for the less than desirable roll rate and allows you to quickly reverse dogfights in the two-circle and one-circle. Its secondary engine (in the tail) shuts down below 110% throttle, so you can conserve fuel and slow down quickly in turn fights, then regain energy quickly when the time comes. You can see this in game, at 100% throttle, the small scoop just before the vertical stabilizer will retract to be flush with the fuselage, and the OIL2 and ENGN2 values will begin decreasing until you go back to 110%.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,042 || 1,037 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.4 || 24.7 || 31.3 || 27.1 || rowspan="2" | 1,000
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,057 || 1,050 || 23.6 || 24.0 || 60.3 || 45.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,125  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 498 || 470 || 320 || ~12 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 520 || < 550 || < 550 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Derwent 9 / Rolls-Royce RSr.2 Soar || 2
| colspan="2" | 2,544 kg || colspan="3" | 236 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 33m fuel
|-
| 580 / 121 kg || colspan="2" | Centrifugal-flow turbojet / Axial-flow turbojet
| 2,825 kg || 3,095 kg || 3,371 kg || 3,480 kg || 3,526 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (110%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || 110%
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 33m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,536 kgf / 38 kgf || 1,536 kgf / 764 kgf
| 0.81 || 0.74 || 0.68 || 0.66 || 0.65
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,536 kgf (0 km/h) / 38 kgf (0 km/h) || 1,536 kgf (0 km/h) / 764 kgf (0 km/h)
| 0.81 || 0.74 || 0.68 || 0.66 || 0.65
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 40 mm bulletproof glass - Windscreen
* 6.5 mm steel - Behind pilot's seat

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano HS 825 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm Hispano HS 825 cannons, nose-mounted (120 rpg = 240 total)

== Usage in battles ==


Using the Aerfer Ariete is quite straightforward, it's an aircraft that nearly anyone can pick up and do fairly well in. It plays basically like a better [[Sagittario 2]] so a lot of how to use this vehicle remains the same. The Aerfer Ariete will be one of the top dogs when it comes to dogfighting, this is mainly due to its amazing flight performance, which when compared with the majority of aircraft it'll face in a downtier, make this vehicle quite fun to use. The best way to play the Aerfer Ariete is to climb to an average altitude of around 3,500-4,000 metres at a 10° angle to make sure that you have some spare speed, and engage with any somewhat isolated enemy you can encounter. This is highly effective mainly due to the powerful 30 mm HS 825 cannons that the Ariete has access to. This plane is really good dogfighter so you are able to perform quite a lot of manoeuvres that many aircraft are not able to pull off. Make sure you consider that during engagements, especially because the aircraft can easily pull G's without too much punishment towards the player controlling it. However, you should be careful to not get caught in a furball or doing sustained turns as your plane bleeds a higher amount of speed during turns than your enemies, However if you have a pack of enemies behind you, and you're flying at a good speed (650 km/h or more), you can pull hard to evade all of them and try to fight back. Keep in mind, if you want to take advantage of its speed and manoeuvrability, you will have to keep the aircraft as light as possible, meaning bringing the minimal amount of fuel. This may seem like a disadvantage to some, but it's likely the most effective way to get eliminations with the vehicle as it allows the aircraft to remain fast and nimble. Do keep in mind that if you decide not to bring a lot of fuel, you won't be in the battle as long, so make sure to make every second count.

Another thing that people may claim is a disadvantage is the low ammo count; although this is somewhat true, doesn't mean the vehicle suffers. The HS 825 cannons are extremely deadly, they have a very high muzzle velocity (About 1000 m/s), and paired up with the hard-hitting 30 mm HE calibre, means that the majority of enemy aircraft you'll face will be destroyed after a small barrage of your main weapon. The Aerfer Ariete can also work at low altitude as an AI ground pounder, the main cannons it has access to are just as effective at taking out ground AI targets as they are at taking down air targets. This can be very effective as you can easily take advantage of your speed at the beginning of the match to slip past undetected by enemy aircraft. You could also use this to surprise enemies by flanking them once they've flown past you, unaware that you're actually able to go behind them. This is especially useful against A-10's and A-6E's you may face, as well as SU-25's as they will almost always engage you with all-aspect AAM's. If you stick close to the ground, you can come up from below and quickly glue yourself to their tail, and with enough awareness, you can juggle a dogfight between several opponents at once. Just be careful to watch your ammo counts, as the higher armoured planes (previously mentioned) tend to tank your shots if placed badly (wingtips, elevators, fuselage). When behind one of these vehicles, try to go for the base of the wings, the center of the elevators/rudder, or a clean pilot snipe. Planes like the MiG-19, MiG-17, and F-104 can put up a fight, but if you use your extraordinary climb rate, energy conservation, and turn time, again, you can easily reverse any fight.

The Aerfer Ariete does not have access to any countermeasures so keep that in mind if you choose to bring it in air or ground RB. Its cannons are enough to easily make make short work for the majority of lightly armoured ground vehicles, such as IFVs and SPAAs. One thing you will need to be aware of is the fact the the Aerfer Ariete will face enemy aircraft armed with missiles, if you get caught off-guard you will become easy prey for enemies far away from you. To make the most out the the aircraft, only engage when in close proximity. Considering it doesn't have any payload options such as rockets or bombs, you'll have to entirely rely on your main cannons, and that also goes for air vehicles, as you don't have access to air-to-air missiles. It is not recommended to land on short runways, it should be avoided or risk crashing at the end. This also applies for Arcade battles. Overall in the Aerfer Ariete try at all times to take advantage of your abilities, as it's the best way to come on top in duels, and win the match.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The second engine provides about 50% more thrust than the Sagittario 2
* The high fire rate and velocity of the 30 mm Hispano's can make quick work of any aircraft or light ground target
* The high velocity of the 30 mm Hispano is easy to use and beginner friendly
* Extremely effective aircraft control even at high speed
* Quick acceleration for a jet without an afterburner

'''Cons:'''

* The second engine will burn off fuel faster if used
* Only a high explosive belt can be used
* A low ammo count of 240 rounds paired with a quick fire rate means trigger discipline is a must
* No suspended armament
* Large possibility of facing many supersonic jets
* Has a heavier airframe than the Sagittario 2 due to the second engine
* Requires high level pilot to handle high G turns and avoid constant blackout
* No Counter Measures, while most of the time facing IR and all aspect missiles
* Unfortunate BR which all but guarantees full uptiers, where dog fighting ability is trumped by good IR missiles

== History ==


The story of the Aerfer Ariete began roughly around the 1950s during the Cold War. The aircraft would be completely designed by Sergio Stefanutti, who was one of the most original and innovative Italian aeronautical designers. In fact, in 1939, he produced the S.S.4 that was the first fighter in the world to fly with canard lifting surfaces and forward landing gear. During the Second World War he was involved in the construction of the "Light fighter", fast and well-armed, which was able to compete with those in its class, equal in weight, dimensions and even greater in power, but which couldn't be mass-produced because of the unfavourable conclusion of the conflict. His work as a designer also continued into the 1940s and 1950s, when, despite the destruction of the war, the Italian aviation industry was still showing its strength, proposing numerous new types of aircraft for both the internal and international market.

Eventually, he'd come up with the Aerfer "Sagittario II" (Sagittarius II), the light jet fighter with swept wings. It was the first Italian supersonic jet fighter, designed and produced at the beginning of the 1950s by Sergio Stefanutti and was a logical development on the light fighters previously built for SAI Ambrosini. The Sagittario 2 was actually a development of previous Stefanutti designs, originally based of a pre-war piston-engine aircraft meant for racing.

Eventually, after a few shortcomings which included some issues with the jet engine, the Sagittario was born. There were a lot of advancements made during the development of the Sagittario, but sadly whilst conducting tests, it was quickly learned about certain defects of the aircraft, one of them being discovered after landing.

In 1958, the Aerfer Ariete would first appear, it would be a further development of the Sagittario 2, one of the main differences would be the modified fuselage to allow for a new engine to be installed on top of the previous one. The main reasoning for this aircraft to be made was to bring the Sagittario 2 to industry standards for subsequent mass production and to hopefully make a useful fighter aircraft in the eyes of several airforces around the world. It would keep the same the dual 30 mm Hispano-Suiza 825 cannons. It would hold up to 120 rounds per cannon, they fired bullets that were 113 mm long and 30 mm in diameter. The bullets had a total weight of 360 grams. The reason the cannons would actually be as powerful as they were was due to the ammunition being 40% larger than the bullets of the same calibre used by the other small Western cannons then in production. As an example, the French DEFA used a 275 gram bullet, and the British Aden used 220 gram bullet. For suspended armament it kept the same options that the Sagittario had: conventional bombs, napalm, and unguided rockets would all be part of its arsenal.

The prototype would be built at the Aerfer plant in Pomigliano d'Arco, near Naples. On the 27th of March 1958 at the Experimental Flight Department, with registration number MM 568, the Aerfer Ariete would undergo its first test flight in Pratica di Mare. It did show some good qualities, however the results gained from the various tests conducted did prove that for an aircraft of that era, it would not be up to standards. Following this revelation, the Italian Air Force would renounce any acquisition of the aircraft and therefore remained a sole prototype. Following the Aerfer Ariete, the Aerfer Leone would be designed which would aim to improve and actually bring the aircraft to match the specification needs from the Italian airforce, sadly it would not be completed and the project would end there, marking likely the last proper attempt from Aerfer in making a jet for the Italian airforce.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ariete Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|S_VWNErfrlA|'''Italian Beauty! Ariete - Italy''' - ''Jengar''|Vq-U6lM3EdA|'''Untouchable - Aerfer Ariete''' - ''DEFYN''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Sagittario 2]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7741-development-new-premium-jets-lightning-f-53-and-ariete-en|[Devblog] New Premium jets: Lightning F.53 and Ariete]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/557164-ariete/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Aerfer}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}
{{Italy premium aircraft}}

SU-100Y

2024-09-30T04:25:02Z

U120313908: /* Usage in battles */ Expanded

{{About
| about = Soviet tank destroyer '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = SU-100 (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_su_100Y
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The SU-100Y was a Soviet prototype developed from the chassis of the T-100 heavy tank prototype in the Winter War. The vehicle was intended to fill a similar purpose as that of the KV-2, using its 130mm naval gun to provide support to infantry against fortified positions. The use of a high velocity 152mm gun was also proposed. The tank never made it past a prototype phase, although the single prototype built was reportedly used in the defence of Moscow in 1941. The sole model in existence is currently preserved at the Kubinka Tank Museum.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.51 "Cold Steel"]]. The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a very heavy tank destroyer with an extremely powerful gun. The tank features mediocre armour at the front, and can be penetrated with ease by most enemies around its BR at close ranges. Its mobility can be considered average at best, reaching it's top speed relatively quickly for a tank of it's size, although the reverse speed is very poor. Its gun is a 130mm B-13 naval gun which uses SAPCBC as its regular ammo. Boasting a large amount of explosive filler and high penetration even at long ranges, the SU-100Y has no trouble destroying enemy tanks.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (rear hatch)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 60 mm (46°) ''Front plate'' 60 mm (71°) ''Front glacis'' 25 mm (49,70°) ''Joint plate'' 60 mm (49°) ''Lower glacis''|| 60 mm ''Overall'' 60 mm (27°) ''Engine side deck''|| 60 mm (5-14°) || 20 mm ''Front'' 20 mm (82°) ''Rear deck''
|-
| Superstructure || 60 mm ''Front'' 50 mm (1-27°) ''Gun mantlet'' 60 + 60 mm ''Gun shield'' || 60 mm || 60 mm (17°) || 20 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick while the tracks are 30 mm thick.
* The protection is only 60 mm thick at its strongest. Weapon calibres exceeding 20 mm can pierce the armour, turning SPAAG into a real threat, if close enough. It is a good idea to stay with teammates or remain at distance from the main battle.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,207|rbMinHp=752}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|B-13 (130 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[B-13 (130 mm)|130 mm B-13]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 30 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±10° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 6.16 || 8.53 || 10.36 || 11.46 || 12.19 || rowspan="2" | 24.96 || rowspan="2" | 22.08 || rowspan="2" | 20.35 || rowspan="2" | 19.20
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 4.17 || 4.90 || 5.95 || 6.58 || 7.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:B-13 (130 mm)/Ammunition|PB-46A, OF-46}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo part
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
|-
| '''30''' || ''Projectiles'' ''Propellants'' || 27 ''(+3)'' 27 ''(+3)'' || 21 ''(+9)'' 21 ''(+9)'' || 15 ''(+15)'' 15 ''(+15)''
|-
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| 11 ''(+19)'' 11 ''(+19)'' || 5 ''(+25)'' 5 ''(+25)'' || 3 ''(+27)'' 3 ''(+27)'' || 1 ''(+29)'' 1 ''(+29)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* The {{PAGENAME}} uses two-piece ammunition, composed of projectiles (yellow) and propellant bags (orange). Both have separate racks.
* Racks disappear after you've fired all shells in the rack.
* Right wall empty: 15 ''(+15)'' shells.

== Usage in battles ==

This tank is all about the gun. It defines what being a heavy tank destroyer is. Bad armour, bad mobility, but amazing firepower. Just park the tank in a position where the SU-100Y will be difficult to flank. That way when the vehicles do fire the gun, it can immediately run and hide while the gun reloads. It can not be emphasized enough, this tank can not let itself get shot at. It just doesn't have the armour. But once ready to let one of the 130 mm shells loose, this tank fears few.

The SU-100Y benefits from a sniper-like playstyle, as well as from hiding between buildings but specially around vegetation. Although the tank is too big to be effectively hidden using camouflage decals (like bushes and so forth) this does decrease the likelihood of the vehicle not being spotted on maps with dense vegetation.

The tank has a relatively crammed crew compartment with 6 crewmembers that actually amplify the tanks performance, in fact, the gun is so large that in many cases it can stop shrapnel or an explosion from an APHE shell from reaching the crewmembers on the other side of the gun. With this in mind however, it is indeed more susceptible than other vehicles to overpressure.

The tank has a better gun depression than most Soviet tank destroyers, this means that unlike other Soviet tanks, it can be used rather effectively in hull-down positions, which also amplify its armour due to the increased impact angle coming from most enemy shells.

The SU-100Y is overall better used as a sniper, setting it up on the flanks of the enemy or in a high up position overseeing a key point of the map, that being a busy intersection, a main road or a capture point, can decide the outcome of the battle if played well. The only thing to consider with this playstyle is that due to the poor mobility of the SU-100Y, it suffers when trying to change position, which makes him very vulnerable to enemy CAS once spotted.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The SU-100Y's B-13 cannon is one of the more powerful guns at its rank, able to penetrate ~200 mm of armour at 500 m
* Astounding 2.35 kg of TNT explosive filler in the PB-46A SAPCBC shell that can reliably knock out tanks with a single shot
* With 5 degrees of gun depression, the SU-100Y has better gun depression than nearly every other Soviet tank destroyer
* The SU-100Y has a very powerful engine, accelerating to its top speed and maintaining it even while going uphill is no problem
* Six-man crew spread out across the vehicle gives this tank a decent chance of surviving a penetrating shell
* Has a research point and Silver Lions boost as a premium vehicle

'''Cons:'''

* Skilled players will recognize the threat a SU-100Y poses - expect to be the centre of the enemy's attention
* This is a huge tank, finding decent cover or a good ambush location is difficult at best
* Sub-par armour - every gun that this tank can face poses a serious threat
* Extremely vulnerable cannon breech and barrel. Problematic as a single hit to them will result in them being in critical condition
* With a terrible manoeuvrability, a mediocre reverse speed and a massive size, dodging enemy fire is nearly impossible
* Even a good crew will take more than 20 seconds to reload the gun

== History ==

===Development===
After the failure of the vehicle from testing in the Winter War, the T-100, along with the [[SMK]], fell back into the drawing boards along with other designs that didn't make the cut. But in December 1939, the Red Army requested that Factory No. 185 produce a vehicle based on the failed T-100 chassis. The specifications were for the vehicle to not only operate as a self-propelled gun but in a multitude of roles such as a bridge layer, explosive transporter, and tank recovery.

Development started with the proposal to mount the 152 mm cannon onto the T-100 in order to be able to combat fortifications like the [[KV-2 (1939)|KV-2]] with the same armament. The factory manager instead proposed the mounting of a 100 or 130 mm naval gun onto the vehicle instead, and this proposal was accepted on January 8, 1940. The designs, designated ''T-100-X'', was sent to the Izhorskyi factory. At that moment, the T-100-X had a box-shaped fighting compartment with a 130 mm B-13 naval gun. The vehicle had a torsion-bar suspension to stay mobile. Over time, the prototype was redesigned with a modified fighting compartment and such and was resubmitted to the factory for production on February 24, 1940, and redesignated as the '''SU-100Y'''. The produced design was tested in March, but the design was dropped from production due to the low demand and the ending of the Winter War. This leaves the SU-100Y with only one prototype ever built. Other methods to either modernize the T-100 or into other variants were made in complementary to the SU-100Y, such as mounting the 152 mm M-10 gun and designating it the T-100-Z. This idea never went past the drawing boards as the success of the [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)|KV-1]] and KV-2s proved the designs unnecessary. Another idea was to use the T-100 as coastal defence weapon with the 130 mm gun on a turret than a casemate structure, along with three machine guns, like the T-100-Z, this didn't pass the drawing boards.

===Service===
The SU-100Y prototype was sent to Kubinka in 1940 once the project stopped, however in the Battle of Moscow in 1941, the SU-100Y and its T-100 self-propelled variants SU-14 and SU-14-1 were pressed into service in the Independent Artillery Division for Special Duties. Combat records for these units are not known, but it left the SU-100Y in intact shape, allowing it to be preserved today in the Kubinka Tank Museum.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The SU-100Y heavy SPG was built on a modified chassis of the experimental T-100 tank on which a new cabin with a 130 mm B-13 navy gun had been installed. An experimental model was assembled at Factory #185 in March, 1940. Because combat operations on the USSR-Finnish front had ended, testing the new SPG in combat conditions was impossible. After undergoing tests, the vehicle was sent to the NII BTT research institute testing ground in Kubinka. Further work on this vehicle was abandoned.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_su_100Y Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|VFEv4q3G5Us|'''Most unusual vehicles''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:44 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/800|[Devblog] Ki-44-1 and SU-100Y]]

{{TankManufacturer OKMO}}
{{USSR tank destroyers}}
{{USSR premium ground vehicles}}

CR.42

2024-09-28T20:14:14Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = Italian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = C.R.42 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=fiat_cr42_italy
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
|cockpit=cockpit_fiat_cr42_italy.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was known as the pinnacle of biplane design. Developed to replace the CR.32 with a design that shared the same spirit while being more capable and modern. The aircraft was already outdated for the start of WWII but saw great success in the Spanish Civil War, even against Soviet monoplanes like the I-16. At the start of WWII the CR.42 was used with some success in escort missions, night raids and interception. The aircraft fared well against early Hurricanes and Spitfires thanks to its magnificent agility but it was soon phased out with the introduction of faster, more armoured and overall more advanced fighters.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]] along with the initial Italian aviation tree, though a variant existed in the German aircraft tech tree prior to the update. The CR.42 possesses exceptional manoeuvrability, speed, and durability, especially for a biplane. Its armament, which is two Breda-SAFAT .50 calibre machine guns, is quite good as well. However, due to its BR, the majority of aircraft the CR.42 will engage will be faster and more heavily armed. The best bet for survival, and getting scores, is to climb to medium altitude and lure fighters into turn fighting. An overwhelming majority of pilots are unwilling to run from a lowly biplane, allowing you to score critical damage before they realize that they have expended all their energy and must extend away from you. By that time, the damage is usually severe enough that they will not be able to accelerate away from you quickly enough to escape further damage. As a CR.42 pilot, you depend on the enemy committing to the turn fight, if they try to run away or make the fight an energy fight, there is almost nothing you can do, so use your opportunities when you have them.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

As one of the last generation of biplane fighters, the CR.42 incorporates many advantages , but also disadvantages of said built. Notably a low stall speed, predicating it for Turn Fights. Climb speed is good to great, but cannot compare to many later fighters ([[:Category:Second_rank_aircraft|Rank II]]). Another advantage gained is the relatively high break speeds of ~570 km/h IAS and the late lock up speed of 450 km/h IAS for the elevator. The top speed is good for [[:Category:First_rank_aircraft|Rank I]], but only reached after a short dive and quickly dwindles with damage received.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,200 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 413 || 402 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.0 || 20.6 || 14.2 || 14.2 || rowspan="2" | 294
|-
! Upgraded
| 448 || 429 || 18.5 || 19.2 || 21.1 || 17.2
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || N/A || ~16 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 280 || < 240 || < 450 || > 250
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Compressor
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
! Setting 1
| 4,300 m || 828 hp || 973 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

Biplanes by design have a lot of surface and consequently have plenty of aircraft to be shot at. This makes them feel more vulnerable than they really are, although again: They are fairly big, hard to miss targets, so the feeling is justified. Even more so as the fabric skin is easily damaged by small arms fire. The change to a aluminium monocoque fuselage design was linked with an increase in armament size for a reason. However, here lies a great advantage: Many explosive triggers and fuses have their detonation sensitivities set to metal skins, not fabric ones, so they may just whizzle through your craft, leaving only two 20 mm sized holes.

The CR.42 in itself features no armour. Only the air cooled rotary engines is rather durable due to lacking any water-cooling and by design.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (400 rpg = 800 total)

The two machine guns are both mounted on the upper fuselage just in front of the pilot and fire through the propeller arc. Each is armed with the same amount of ammunition, which means that all guns will fire together until empty.

The center lined armament is always a great advantage. However compared to other nation's fighter crafts with their fast firing 7.7 mm machine guns, the BREDA's slower rate of fire offsets the gained advantage in calibre size and explosive ammunition (IAI).

== Usage in battles ==

=== Arcade Battles ===
The CR.42 is nothing more than a point-and-shoot arcade-style plane. There is little skill involved at these early rank matches. Therefore, turning is the most appropriate tactic. However, due to the high climb rate, BnZ can be effective strategy in this gamemode. Most monoplanes cannot climb nearly as fast as the CR.42, so you will be able to hold the altitude advantage on them.

=== Realistic and Simulator Battles ===
In Realistic Battles (RB) and Simulator Battles (SB), as in real life, the Falco faces off against advanced mono-wing designs. While this may seem daunting at first, the CR.42 is the pinnacle of biplane evolution, only rivalled by the up-gunned [[I-153P|Chaika]] series. This aircraft begins to show the playstyle that Italian pilots will use for the rest of their in-game career; a situationally dependent switch between Energy-fighting (Boom & Zoom) and turn-fighting.

When flying in simulator battles, visibility is normal for a biplane. Rearward vistas are non-existent while forward vision is hampered by the second strut/wing. The open cockpit does provide decent visibility in general, though.

=== General Usage ===
Something that applies to this plane in all battle modes is its engine. Unlike most other biplanes and the CR.32 before it, this aircraft has a radial engine. This offers several advantages. First, it is able to offer moderate performance at all altitudes. Second, hits to the cooling system are not as damaging as they are to aircraft that have in-line engines. In-line engines will suffer from hits to their water (fluid) cooling systems - even the slightest of hits at all tiers and BRs will either outright disable the engine or make it overheat very fast, and leading to the engine's death. The engine is well-cooled and has no WEP limit, so beginner pilots will not have to worry about cooling issues or rationing Manual Engine Control.

Monoplane opponents are faster and have a superior armament. You will not be able to face these planes in head-ons, nor will you be able to disengage using a high-speed dash. Once you have engaged or been engaged by a monoplane, you must bring the engagement to an end yourself. The aircraft you have is highly agile, and can easily out-manoeuvre any monoplane it will meet- these primarily being the [[Hurricane (Family)|Hurricane family]], [[LaGG-3-11]]s, the [[P-36 (Family)|P-36 family]], and the [[M.S.405C1]]. This plane can effectively rope-a-dope these aircraft by remaining outside their reach, while continually staying in a sustained, slow, spiral climb that allows it to preserve its speed while forcing the enemy to constantly lose it. Eventually, the enemy will stall, and you will be able to easily pick it off. Stall-fighting is one of this plane's best tactics.

Even Boom & Zoom is feasible, as altitude can be gained quickly; however, the lack of cannon armament forces the pilot to use significant trigger control as well as aiming when diving and attacking opponents at a lower level.
If booming and zooming, watch your speed in a dive. The CR.42 has a speed limit of around 440-480 km/h (274-300 mph) before the wings begin shaking (i.e. you begin to hear rattling noises, and flashing red text appears on your screen) and eventually completely rip off.

The [[Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)]] is actually very effective for their battle rating. Tracers are by far the best belt at this BR for fighter-on-fighter combat, due to the presence of only API-T rounds, which easily set fire to enemy biplanes and provide good penetration + damage capability. Due to the machine guns being placed in the centre cowl, they provide heavy damage when the fire is focused on your opponent's wings or engine. However, when taking on bigger game such as monoplanes or bombers, it is better to take the Air Targets belt, since it has a belt composition of API-T-API-IAI that allows it to do large amounts of damage when, again, focused on critical modules such as the engines or wings. Thanks to the relatively high rate of climb and ammo pool, this aircraft is good at intercepting twin-engine bombers that begin appearing. However, it is not recommended to attempt this as a beginner pilot. The 12.7 mm MGs will require some experience to aim at the engines of enemy bombers, and in addition, the lack of armour leaves a good possibility for pilot-snipes and critical hits by enemy bombers.

In summary, the CR.42 Falco is a good introduction to the situational hybrid fighting style of later aircraft. It is a severely underappreciated aircraft that deserves more love and usage by pilots and is a forgiving aircraft for beginners to fly.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High speed for a biplane
* Good ammunition count
* Manoeuvrability is sufficient to out turn nearly all non-biplane opponents
* Well armed for a biplane
* Ammo belts use heavy amounts of incendiary and high-explosive ammo

'''Cons:'''

* Poor Energy Retention
* Lightly armed compared to most of the opposition it is faced with
* No options for striking heavy targets
* Turn rate is worse than that of most biplanes
* Poor armour protection

== History ==

The CR.42 was Fiat's attempt at modernising their CR.32 design, which was deployed during the Spanish Civil War with great success. The new fighter would be of all-metal construction, with Fiat's new, homegrown A.74 supercharged radial engine. The result was a fast, accurate, and manoeuvrable platform, that, while outdated at the onset of World War II, would be almost the pinnacle of biplane design.

Early in the war, CR.42's were used with some success as escorts, night fighters, and even interceptors. Against the early Hurricanes and Spitfires, Italian and German pilots both were delighted to find that the manoeuvrability of the Falco put it, at the least, on par in a dogfight. However as the war dragged on, and enemy aircraft became faster, the CR.42 was relegated to night harassment, light ground attack, and sparingly used as night fighters.

The CR.42 is also credited with the world's last aerial combat biplane kill. A group of CR.42's based in Croatia under the command of ''Nachtschlachtgruppe 7'' were directed to Grabovica Airfield for a strafing mission. However, the flight was redirected at the last moment to a harassment mission northwest of Sisak, where they were intercepted by P-38's of the 14th Fighter Group. Three Fiats were lost for two P-38's, one of which was claimed by an unknown German pilot.

Over 1,780 were built. The plane was designed by Fiat's Celestino Rosatelli, who was also behind the CR.32 and the B.R. 20. He replaced the 32's inline engine with a less vulnerable air-cooled radial engine. Foreign orders came from Hungary (50), Belgium (34), and Sweden (72). It entered combat service with the Italian 53rd Gruppe in May 1939. At the start of the war, it was the backbone of Italy's fighter force.

Belgium's CR. 42s were the first to see action in May 1940, claiming 3 aerial victories, but losing most of their fighters on the ground. Italy used them in the 1940 French campaign, the Battle of Britain, and over Greece, the Mediterranean, and Africa, where they sparred with another biplane, the Gloster Gladiator, until the arrival of British Hurricanes and Spitfires. 113 were still in service when Italy surrendered in September 1943.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fiat_cr42_italy Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|rpp-GqXiaKg|'''The Shooting Range #214''' - ''Air Triathlon'' section at 09:59 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|ct0W4y6evng|'''History of CR.42 (sub eng)''' - ''Pazzo1972 & Miki'' }}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/445727-fiat-cr42/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Fiat}}
{{Italy fighters}}

BTR-80A (Italy)

2024-09-28T20:08:12Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = BTR-80A
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_btr_80a_hungary
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}'''is the main Hungarian APC (Armoured Personal Carrier). Hungary acquired the BTR-80 after buying more than 500 from Russia between 1996 and 1999 to modernize its fleet of old BTR-60s and 70s at a good price since at the time Russia was struggling financially and had a lot of Soviet surplus military equipment laying around. A few dozens of BTR-80As where sold to Serbia in 2024 while the rest remained in the Hungarian Army. After the original purchase and when the years passed, most units where modified and modernized to the modern Russian BTR-80 standard, with stabilizers, improved optics and modern communication systems. Others where repurposed as MED-EVAC vehicles or for NBC missions.

It was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]] as part of the Hungarian branch of the Italian tech tree. It is a jack of all trades, master of none type of light tank. It can do a lot of support work, including damaging critical weakspots of tanks and being a makeshift SPAA, but it has way too many flaws to excel in any given role. Make no mistake though, BTR can be very persistent, and if it somehow manages to get behind your lines, anyone can fall victim to a sudden autocannon burst. The vehicles is really good at incapacitating enemy units while also being able to engage light tanks, IFVs and ATGM carriers or SPAAs. With its good mobility and amphibious capabilities it can cause havoc amongst the enemy back rows, destroying its support units and making its frontline vulnerable to flanking manoeuvres or air attacks.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The armour of BTR is unreliable and quite bad. While 12.7 mm HMG can't penetrate the turret, it can penetrate crew compartment hull at below 200 m range. The sandbags on the sides protect the gunner, but can't protect the driver or commander. Even so, area around wheels can be hit instead to hit the crew anyway.

HESH will obliterate the BTR via overpressure, even if it hits sandbags, so relying on armour is not worth it. As a consequence of thin armour, APHE rarely detonates upon contact, but due to the compact crew placement, any direct frontal hit will destroy the entirety of the tank with kinetic damage alone.

Back compartment is somewhat empty, but any hit coming there will damage or destroy transmission, so while abusing it may net several seconds of survival, it will also paralyze the tank. This is extremely difficult to pull off in a frontal engagement as well due to the mediocre tank speed, as shells often clip the gunner or the ammo rack anyway.

For worst case scenarios there are 3 smoke groups mounted on the turret. These smoke grenades are aerosol type, so they will blow up midair and screen the tank away within 2 seconds. They can be used for both defence and offence, to cause as much chaos as possible.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


While quite large and somewhat heavier than most other light IFVs such as the Wiesel, the BTR-80A boasts a very high top speed of 87 km/h (97 km/h in arcade) which can be reached quite quickly on roads and trails. The downside of the 8 wheel design is its poor off-road mobility, where it can barely keep up with the USSR medium tanks, first driving at 40 km/h, then begrudgingly accelerating to 60 km/h. It is still quite persistent and may reach these speeds even on rough ground if given time to accelerate.

All in all, it is quite obvious that BTR-80A does not have the usual high speed typical of light tanks, being only somewhat better than comparable armoured bus [[Ratel 20]].

It is very common to see BTR-80s rushing caps due to their high maximum speed; they can capture points quite safely and then reposition to either scout or ambush enemy light/medium armour. Alternatively, they can use the road to ambush enemy tanks early to cause more damage, but their reliance on a road reduces the amount of opportunities they have.

The chassis can swim, if necessary.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

About 80% of tank power is locked behind upgrades, arguably the most important ones are in the Tier IV modifications. First priority should be improving turret handling by researching horizontal drives, then adjustment of fire to make it able to reliably damage enemy cannons. After this, getting a special AP ammo belt could be useful for destroying and/or annoying tanks and airstrike upgrade could be very beneficial in AB to research BTR through air superiority. At that point researching parts makes at least some sense, as tank will now be at least somewhat useful in real combat situations. Continue down the ranks by researching anything cannon and mobility related, as FPE and NVD are quite useless on this IFV. Optionally, take crew replenishment instead of movement upgrade in Tier III if playing in AB, as it may allow to sustain more damage. Upon reaching Tier IV modifications, research APDS belt immediately, then go for mobility upgrades and pick any utility tools you feel necessary.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|2A72 (30 mm)}}

The cannon is a rather slow firing 30 mm found on some Soviet tanks, such as BMP-3. The turret is rather sluggish too, being unable to keep up with the IFV when it is driving fast, even when fully upgraded, even in AB with good crew.

The elevation angles are absolutely atrocious and if the BTR is angled even a bit, it will not reach short tanks. Even when the chassis are not angled, it will be unable to aim at the bottom of Soviet tanks until about 100 m away. Even if, by some miracle, it can aim at their bottom weakspot, the gun recoil will make the gun aim higher anyway, so it is better to aim for crippling shots, rather than try to destroy enemies outright.

NATO tanks should be easier to deal with, as they are much flatter and taller, but driving over a random rock may still screw the IFV over as it has no stabiliser. There also isn't any special cruise control setting for driving at "just the right speed", with CC1 being only somewhat tolerable and allowing to keep firing at the same spot on the tank that you already aimed at, but it is still too much to aim at gun barrels (basically requires BTR to stop infront or directly on the side of it) or to properly side-strafe anything in RB (as the turret will fail to turn fast enough to adjust). Since driving at 35 km/h in already poorly armoured vehicle is quite a terrible idea, most of the times it is better to just stop and disable the adversary, then finish them off.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[2A72 (30 mm)|30 mm 2A72]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 300 (150) || rowspan="2" | 330 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+70° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || 28.6 || 39.5 || 48.0 || 53.1 || 56.5 || rowspan="2" | 1.30 || rowspan="2" | 1.15 || rowspan="2" | 1.06 || rowspan="2" | 1.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 17.9 || 21.0 || 25.5 || 28.2 || 30.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}
* '''30 mm HEI:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''30 mm APT:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-T*|High-explosive fragmentation tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''30 mm APDS:''' {{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-T*|High-explosive fragmentation tracer (self-destroying)}}

{{:2A72 (30 mm)/Ammunition|HEF-I*, AP-T, HEF-T*, APDS}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''2''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}
[[File:Stock btr vs heavy.jpg|thumb|right|BTR will test your knowledge of enemy tank weakspots unlike any other vehicle.]]
The belts may consist of AP (pure AP, not API) or HE. A special belt consisting of APDS can be researched, but only one can be carried at any time.

AP shells deal quite low damage and they only damage what they hit directly, so aiming for fuel tanks and crew specifically is required. In terms of penetration, side armour is only "maybe penetrable" on NATO medium tanks. The very back of medium tank turret, turret neck of heavy tanks or the engine deck and exhaust vents are generally a better target.

APDS elevates "maybe will penetrate" into a "very likely to penetrate", but only on direct flat angle hits. APDS also can overpenetrate enemy tank engines to hit crew and ammo racks, generally resulting in explosions in 2 to 5 shots, giving BTR a reliable way to destroy enemies.

HE shells can deal fatal damage to planes, but due to the poor tracking of the turret it is difficult to land even a single hit. They do nothing to actual tanks.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|PKT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PKT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm PKT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,000 (250) || 700 || - || -
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


;Arcade mode

This vehicle is quite at a disadvantage in AB, as not only it takes a slot away from more capable vehicles such as C13 T90 or even ZSU 57-2 , but it is also shunned even further into mediocrity by practically everything else being faster than it. The stock grind is also a chore, being only tolerable due to airstrikes giving research points to a corresponding tank that called it in.

Stock BTR is only really useful for supporting someone else, as it is very slow and weak. Shoot cannon barrels (aim for the tip or fire directly from the side, as flat as possible) and tracks, try to blow up fuel tanks (tanks with fuel tanks on the front-right explode really easily when attacked from the side), bait shots for others with the back if you must, try to flank light tanks and SPAA and try to shoot them dead before they turned to destroy you. Never face enemy with the hull directly, try to angle as much as feasible to minimize crew damage.

If you get a chance to disable a heavy tank, drive up to it and try to find any openings in turret ring or even a ventilation hatch (generally, the part which is currently fuming with smoke as the tank tries to keep up with you) that allows to fire directly into the turret compartment. You will be very surprised to find out that even tanks that are considered borderline invincible like IS-4M have a lot of exposed vents, and even a few shots directly into the hatch will end them for good. Tanks that do not have an exposed vent may have a hole between engine and radiator, so it is possible to destroy them by squeezing a 30 mm through the hull back (pay attention to the "penetration camera").

As per usual in Italy tree at the rank, be extra careful to avoid USA tanks, as those can machine gun BTR within 200 m range. In general, avoid direct fights with SPAA, as they have overwhelming fire rate. Avoid pissing off other italian hulldown tanks and do not attack artillery vehicles that are staring at you, as armour will not sustain overpressure damage at all. Tanks that have ATGM as a backup weapon are also dangerous, but most early ATGM tanks have to deal with the fact that their missiles are fired up and then come back down at about 150 m range, so attacking them in melee range sometimes might just work.

After getting tier IV modifications, you will finally have some mobility and enough penetration to bully medium tanks and SPG, so you can start actually playing aggressively. It is now possible to destroy most medium tanks by firing at their sides (aiming for fuel tanks or the very back is still the best, as penetration and ammo ignition is often not guaranteed) and the light tanks will no longer randomly survive your shots. Sneak using super low ground and hills, scout enemy and then "disappear" and circle around enemies. The dynamics won't change too drastically, but you will definitely feel like you aren't a burden to your team anymore and are able to at least neutralize snipers. Try to conserve the APDS belt by firing default or AP belt at random aircraft and when not firing to destroy, as 150 shells isn't very much and the resupply on a capture point takes a long time.

If you are very good at sneaking, you want to get behind enemy lines and get exactly behind enemy MBTs to line them up and then fire at their engines or turret backs, then laugh at the explosions. This is easier said than done, as majority of players at natural BR prefer spawning heavy tanks, and those that do not are generally faster than you and will be already entrenched and on overwatch, but it is still worth attempting. Here are some examples of successful flank:

<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150px">
BTR side ambush.jpg|By staying out of sight you can sneak around and catch complacent players off guard. Sometimes works multiple times.
BTR back flank.jpg|Ideal scenario - you managed to drive around enemy arriving on a cap without being seen. Prioritize paranoid enemies.
</gallery>

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Reasonably good 2A72 30 mm autocannon, actually able to destroy armoured tanks unlike 20 mm alternatives of other nations
** APDS is great for fighting against light vehicles and can overpenetrate MBT engines
* Fairly mobile on road, so it is decent for playing around capture points
* Amphibious

'''Cons:'''

* Poor survivability due to thin armour, minimal crew number and poor average speed
* -5° gun depression and slow gun handling make it awkward to use against tanks and quite bad as a makeshift SPAA
* Has no stabiliser and the gun is too weak to ignore the wobble
* Low power-to-weight ratio, rather slow when not on a road
* Majority of similar tanks have ATGM or simply better fire rate, difficult to fight against them
* In AB, often not worth picking over other italian tanks unless circumstances demand it (has enough alternatives unlike Soviet counterpart)

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_btr_80a_hungary Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[BTR-80A]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy light tanks}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

Sagittario 2

2024-09-28T19:59:38Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{Specs-Card
|code=sagittario_2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}'''was a prototype aircraft which was competing with other NATO designed aircraft during the cold war, with its aim to become the next standard NATO jet. Although the Fiat G.91 was the winner, Aerfer would go unto develop the Aerfer Ariete, which was based on the Sagittario but with an extra engine. The failure of the Sagittario 2 could be attributed to the struggles of its development, Aerfer struggled to allocate enough resources to the development of the aircraft and thus, the development took longer than expected. So even though the Sagittario 2 proved to have excellent performance and characteristics, the G.91 was already around the corner and became the standard NATO jet thanks to its quicker development.

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Red Skies"]]. The Aerfer Sagittario 2 is one of the more nimble and dog-fight friendly jets that Italy has access to inside its tech tree. It has great handling and 2 fast firing cannons which destroy pretty much any aircraft that is unlucky enough to get hit by it. Sadly it does not have a lot of fuel for it to be able to stay in the air for too long, so players may not want to over extend when playing the aircraft. It lacks IR guided missiles unlike some aircrafts around its BR, so it is mainly a gun fighter, using its powerful engine and energy retention to trap other aircrafts and destroy them.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The Sagittario 2 has great manoeuvrability, at its battle rating and even above it, there won't be many aircraft that can match your speed, rate of climb, or first turn response time. Whilst playing the Sagittario 2, you are able to do amazing manoeuvres that the enemy team could only dream of doing. Due to this, an experienced player in this aircraft can become quite a dangerous opponent. The max altitude of the Sagittario 2 is 11,000 metres, thanks to its rate of climb, you should be able to reach a good altitude at the beginning of the match with minimal effort required. One other great thing is how easily you can pull Gs with it, use it to your advantage and you should rack up quite a few eliminations.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,005 || 978 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.0 || 25.6 || 36.6 || 34.7 || rowspan="2" | 1,000
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,085 || 1,050 || 23.5 || 24.0 || 54.5 || 45.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,125  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 498 || 469 || 320 || ~12 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 600 || < 550 || < 610 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Derwent 9 || 1
| colspan="2" | 2,405 kg || colspan="3" | 227 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel
|-
| 580 kg || colspan="2" | Centrifugal-flow turbojet
| 2,686 kg || 2,946 kg || 3,216 kg || 3,341 kg || 5,641 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,536 kgf || N/A
| 0.57 || 0.52 || 0.48 || 0.46 || 0.27
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,536 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.57 || 0.52 || 0.48 || 0.46 || 0.27
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 40 mm bulletproof glass - Windscreen
* 6.5 mm steel - Behind pilot's seat

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano HS 825 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm Hispano HS 825 cannons, nose-mounted (120 rpg = 240 total)

== Usage in battles ==


Using the Sagittario 2 is quite straightforward, it's an aircraft that nearly anyone can pick up and do fairly well in. This is mainly due to its amazing flight performance, which when compared with the majority of aircraft it'll face at the battle rating, make this vehicle quite fun to use. The best way to play the Sagittario 2 is to climb to an average altitude of around 3,500-4,000 metres at a 10° angle to make sure that you have some spare speed, and engage with any somewhat isolated enemy you can encounter. This is highly effective mainly due to the powerful 30 mm HS 825 cannons that the Sagittario has access to. This plane is really good dog-fighter so you are able to perform quite a lot of manoeuvres that many aircraft are not able to pull off. Make sure you consider that during engagements, especially because the aircraft can easily pull G's without too much punishment towards the player controlling it. However, you should be careful to not get caught in a furball or doing sustained turns as your plane bleeds a higher amount of speed during turns than your enemies, However if you have a pack of enemies behind you, and you're flying at a good speed (650 km/h or more), you can pull hard to evade all of them and try to fight back. Keep in mind, if you want to take advantage of its speed and manoeuvrability, you will have to keep the aircraft as light as possible, meaning bringing the minimal amount of fuel. This to some may seem like a disadvantage, but it's likely the most effective way to get eliminations with the vehicle as it allows the aircraft to remain fast and nimble. Do keep in mind that if you decide not to bring a lot of fuel, you won't be in the battle as long, so make sure to make every second count.

Another thing that people may claim is a disadvantage is the low ammo count; although this is somewhat true, doesn't mean the vehicle suffers. The HS 825 cannons are extremely deadly, they have a very high muzzle velocity, which paired up with the hard hitting 30 mm cannons, means that the majority of enemy aircraft you'll face will be destroyed after a small barrage of your main weapon. The Sagittario 2 can also work at low altitude as an AI ground pounder, the main cannons it has access to are just as effective at taking out ground AI targets as they are at taking down air targets. This can be very effective as you can easily take advantage of your speed at the beginning of the match to slip past undetected by enemy aircraft. You could also use this to surprise enemies by flanking them once they've flown past you, unaware that you're actually able to go behind them.

The Sagittario 2 does not have access to any countermeasures so keep that in mind if you choose to bring it in ground RB. Its cannons are enough to easily make make short work for the majority of lightly armoured ground vehicles, such as IFVs and SPAAs. Considering it doesn't have any payload options such as rockets or bombs, you'll have to entirely rely on your main cannons, and that also goes for air vehicles, as you don't have access to air-to-air missiles. It is not recommended to land on short runways, it should be avoided or risk crashing at the end. This also applies for Arcade battles. Overall in the Sagittario 2, try at all times to take advantage of your abilities, as its the best way to come on top in duels, and win the match.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Extremely agile, able to outturn most if not every aircraft it faces
* Good acceleration allowing you to easily achieve a high energy state
* Relatively small target
* 2 x hard hitting 30 mm cannons are excellent at taking down other aircraft
* The HS 825 cannons have a very high muzzle velocity (1,050 m/s) and are very accurate
* Your stock ammunition easily tears down every aircraft it faces
* Dog fighter's dream, second only to the Ariete premium version of this plane

'''Cons:'''

* Limited ammunition capacity, only 120 RPG
* No payload options
* The only available belt is 100% tracers, no armour-piercing ammo
* Bleeds speed in sustained turns
* Relatively slow speed compared to other jets it can face.
* In uptiers, the plane can face supersonics and other jets that outspeed it.
* Relatively high repair cost

== History ==


The story of the Sagittario 2 began roughly around the 1950's, during the cold war. The aircraft would be designed by Sergio Stefanutti, who was one of the most original and innovative Italian aeronautical designers. In fact in 1939 he produced the S.S.4 that was the first fighter in the world to fly with canard lifting surfaces and forward landing gear.

During the Second World War he was involved in the construction of the "Light fighter", fast and well-armed, which was able to compete with those in its class, equal in weight, dimensions and even greater in power, which couldn't be mass-produced because of the unfavorable conclusion of the conflict. His work as a designer also continued into the 1940s and 1950s, when, despite the destruction of the war, the Italian aviation industry was still showing its strength, proposing numerous new types of aircraft for both the internal and international market.

Eventually, he'd come up with The Aerfer "Sagittario II" (Sagittarius II), the light jet fighter with arrow wings. It was the first Italian supersonic jet fighter, designed and produced at the beginning of the 1950s by Sergio Stefanutti and was a logical development on the light fighters previously built for SAI Ambrosini. The Sagittario 2 was actually a development of previous Stefanutti designs, originally based of a pre-war piston-engine aircraft meant for racing.

Eventually, after a few shortcomings which included some issues with the jet engine, the Sagittario was born. There were a lot of advancements made during the development of the Sagittario, but sadly whilst conducting tests, it was quickly learned about certain defects of the aircraft, one of them being discovered after landing.

To keep it simple, when the aircraft utiliste its breaks to stop. The weight of the engine placed in the bow gave the aircraft a tendency to rotate with the nose low down, making impact with the ground and an ensuing somersault of the aircraft a possible and dangerous outcome.
[[File:Saggitario 2 (1) History.png|thumb|Sagittario 2 during tests on airfield]]
At the beginning of 1953, while the prototype of the "Sagittario", obtained by modifying the SAI S.7, was still being subjected to flying tests and was giving its first positive results, the "Sagittario II" was created on the drawing boards of SAI Ambrosini. The main difference between the Sagittario 2 and the previous Sagittario 1 would be the fact that the new aircraft would be built entirely with metal and propelled by a jet engine with a much greater thrust. The Sagittario 2's engine would be a Rolls-Royce Derwent 9, which allowed the Sagittario 2 to reach speeds of over 1000km an hour.

As mentioned previously it was the first Italian supersonic jet Italy would have produced. In September 1953, while the planning continued, the Aeronautica Militare Italiana (Italian Air force), which financed the work on the aircraft making use of the funds made available by the United States, under the aegis of the M.D.A.P. programs of mutual assistance to the NATO countries, decided that its construction, more complex than that of the previous Sagittario I, would be entrusted to the Neapolitan Company Aerfer. Aerfer had been previously known for in the aeronautical field by making some parts for the Republic F-84 G "Thunderjet" jet fighter-bombers. In addition, they offered maintenance for certain US made aircraft stationed in Europe.
[[File:Sagittario 2 (2) History.png|thumb|Sagittario 2 ]]
After a lot of discussion, eventually an agreement was would be made between the SAI Ambrosini and Aerfer for the transfer of the preliminary project and the rights to produce Stefanutti's new light fighter under licence, so that it would be given the new complete name Aerfer-Ambrosini S. "Sagittario II". The Italian air-force would order a total of 2 prototypes, and would make them undergo a series of intense tests. Part of the tests would focus on the armament, speaking of which, the Sagittario 2 was armed with a Hispano-Suiza 825 cannon.

It would hold up to 120 rounds per cannon, they fired bullets that were 113mm long and 30mm in diameter. The bullets had a total weight of 360 grams. The reason the cannons would actually be as powerful as they were was due to the ammunition being 40% larger than the bullets of the same caliber used by the other small Western cannons then in production. As an example, the French DEFA used a 275 gram bullet, and the British Aden used 220 gram bullet.

That paired up with its amazing muzzle velocity would guarantee a very hard-hitting weapon, which rest assured, would be able to completely destroy a lot of aircraft with just a short burst. Overall, the Sagittario 2 would be a very promising vehicle, it didn't get picked up by the Italian air force, but was was learnt from the Sagittario 2 would be later re-used on a later project by Aerfer, called the Aerfer Ariete, a modified Sagittario 2 with a more powerful engine.

=== [[wt:en/news/7191-development-aerfer-sagittario-2-the-legacy-continues-en|Devblog]] ===
In the early 1950's, Italian aircraft designers began work on developing a jet aircraft on the basis of a successful pre-war piston-engine race plane, initially with the goal of constructing a pure technology demonstrator. This aircraft - named Sagittario - took to the skies in January 1953, displaying promising performance.

Convinced of the aircraft's potential, the aircraft designers continued work and developed the design further into the Sagittario 2. The new aircraft featured an improved design, a significantly more powerful jet engine and comparably heavy armament for an aircraft of its time. Two prototypes of the Sagittario 2 were built and test flown in 1956.

However, despite its state-of-the-art design and excellent performance, the Sagittario 2 faced many problems during development as its manufacturer - Aerfer - struggled to allocate enough resources into its development. As a result, the aircraft had a drawn out development period which meant that newer aircraft were entering service while the Sagittario 2 was still being tested. Because of this, the Sagittario 2 would fail to enter production as the procurement of the more promising Fiat G.91 was right around the corner.

While not getting past prototype stage, the Sagittario 2 would serve as a basis for the subsequent development of another jet fighter prototype.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=sagittario_2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|2AF4ZDe6M2g|'''The Shooting Range #299''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:43 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|LWjiIdzTi_w|'''The Shooting Range #294''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:29 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7191-development-aerfer-sagittario-2-the-legacy-continues-en|[Devblog] Aerfer Sagittario 2: The Legacy Continues]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/526650-sagittario-ii/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Aerfer}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}

SM.92

2024-09-28T19:54:38Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{Specs-Card
|code=sm_92
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==
The '''{{Specs|name}}'''was an Italian twin engine fighter/bomber prototype designed and produced in 1943. It was an improvement of the SM.88, a similar aircraft. The aircraft was powered by two German Daimler-Benz 605 engines. Development of the prototype was slow, being finished in 1943 and tested in 1944. The aircrafts performance was below expectations, and the prototype was damaged after an Axis pilot in a C.205 mistook the prototype for an American P-38 Lightning and engaged it. The aircraft was grounded for repairs and destroyed on the ground due to Allied bombing.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]]. The SM.92 is a decent jack of all trades, it has good offensive and suspended armament, a decent climb rate with air spawn and average agility. The aircraft is more ideal for boom and zoom tactics in case of air combat, due to its offensive armament a short well placed burst is enough to destroy most fighters, and the armament is also sufficient to engage bombers at high altitudes. For ground battles the 2 x 500KG bombs can destroy any target in sight, even heavy tanks, so you can attack ground units and then switch to intercept enemy bombers or ground attackers.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The SM.92 has a better performance than its predecessor, despite the engines staying the same. It has been made much more aerodynamic with the removal of the gondola on the SM.91 and the moving of the crew to the left fuselage, behind one of the 2 powerful Daimler-Benz 605A1 engines. Part of this improvement is also due to the change on the defensive armament, changing from a 20 mm cannon with a decent traverse to an aerodynamically mounted fixed 12.7 mm Breda-Safat

This plane also has leading edge slats, which help it on its roll rate (as they get deployed on one wing when doing a roll manoeuvre) and its low speed performance.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 606 || 590 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.5 || 21.2 || 8.9 || 8.9 || rowspan="2" | 375
|-
! Upgraded
| 656 || 630 || 18.9 || 19.5 || 16.0 || 12.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 535 || 450 || 260 || ~10 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 300 || < 240 || < 500 || > 380
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 6,000 m || 1,232 hp || 1,387 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


[[File:Sm.92 XRay modules HIGH RES.png|thumb|The modules on the SM.92 as seen from the top down. The red squares are the fuel tanks. The green squares are the cooling systems]]
[[File:Serious this time SM.92 high res armour.png|thumb|Armoured windshield on the SM.92]]

* Fuel tanks located in wings and behind the engines
* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|MG 151 (20 mm)|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, centre-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)
* 1 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon, mounted in right propeller hub (300 rpg)
* 4 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (350 rpg = 1,400 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|GP 50 (50 kg)|GP 100T (100 kg)|GP 250 (250 kg)|GP 500 (500 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 6 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (300 kg total)
* 6 x 100 kg GP 100T bombs (600 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg GP 250 bombs (500 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg GP 500 bombs (1,000 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine gun, tail turret (350 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

The SM.92 has average manoeuvrability, good armament and good suspended armament, the 4 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT and 3x 20 mm MG151 are very good to destroy the enemy planes by burning them, destroying parts of the enemy planes and knocking out the enemy pilot, the position of armament differs from its predecessor, the [[SM.91]].

Most enemy planes can be destroyed with a head-on and Boom and zoom attacks. Your guns you can destroy every aircraft at your BR. In Ground RB the situation is different because there are some tanks that you can't penetrate so you need to use your suspended armament, the best payload is 2x 500 kg bombs but a downside is that you drop all bombs at once. You can use the SM.92 in pretty much any role you want, here under are some tactics that can be used in battles. At start of the battle, always climb at either 10° (stock) or 12,5° (upgraded) with WEP until 2,000 m and then chose the most suitable tactics depending on the scenario:

;Ground attack

In Air RB, focus on the enemy light casemates, AA and artillery with your guns and destroy enemy light tanks and pillboxes with your bombs.

;CAS (Close Air Support)

In Ground RB and Naval RB, you can do dive attacks or sea level attacks on ships behind cover

For a dive attack, climb to the altitude of 2,000 m, dive to increase your speed and drop the bombs to the enemy ground vehicles, use 1,5 secs of time fuse. In Naval RB, use Assault fuse and drop the bomb to the enemy ships at circa 300-400 m so you can escape from the enemy AA and your explosion blast wave. After you've spent the bombs, you can destroy little ships and armoured boats with your guns.

For a hedgehopping attack, approach enemy ground vehicles sideways and drop the bombs, the attack is more accurate as you drop altitude but be careful, enemy AA could kill you more easily. In naval RB, use the 1,5 secs fuse so you can bounce the bomb in water and hit the target precisely. After you dropped the bombs you can use the [[SM.92]] as a interceptor and take down enemy planes, so you can protect your team by achieving an air superiority.

;Interceptor

After you climbed at 3,000 m, chase enemy bombers: attack them frontally or from. If there are enemy fighters under you, do a boom and zoom attack on them, you can use combat flaps for more manoeuvrability. But your flaps have a rip speed of 535 km/h so don't destroy them or you'll lose speed and manoeuvrability. Some fighters are very manoeuvrable, and if played correctly will evade your BnZ attacks (for example "Zeros" A6M2/A6M5 and Spitfires). In that case, use your attacks as deterrent to prevent them from reaching your altitude.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Potent offensive armament with huge ammo count
* Great for Head-on and Boom and zoom attacks
* Can be used as interceptor
* Gets an attacker spawn (AB/RB)
* Good diving manoeuvrability
* Good turn rate

'''Cons:'''

* Poor gun convergence due to gun placements resulting into poor accuracy while turning
* Defensive turret is almost fixed (only ±2° in each direction); the target has to be at exactly 6 o'clock to be engaged
* Poor acceleration even when diving
* Big target for AA and fighters
* The pilot and gunner are in the same place so they can be knocked out easily
* Carrying the largest payload has a noticeable effect on performance
* Wings are littered with fuel tanks
* Tail is prone to snapping when shot at

== History ==

[[File:Savoia Marchetti S.M.92.jpg|thumb|450x450px|Front view of the sole Savoia-Marchetti SM.92 prototype.]]
The Savoia-Marchetti SM.92 was an Italian prototype heavy fighter/bomber aircraft developed during the Second World War. Based on the previous SM.88 prototype heavy fighter, the aircraft featured a dual-boom design with two engines and two crew members both in a single cockpit. Like its predecessor, only a single prototype was built; this aircraft was tested but later damaged when an Axis fighter pilot mistook it for the similarly-shaped American P-38 Lightning. After being grounded for repairs, the single aircraft was destroyed by Allied bombing, thus ending the life of this unique Italian heavy fighter.

=== Design and development ===
In 1939, the Italian aircraft firm Savoia-Marchetti produced the SM.88 fighter - this was a prototype heavy fighter aircraft with twin booms, two engines and a crew nacelle nestled in between the booms. Despite being quite successful in tests, the project was abandoned due to the introduction of the German Bf 110, a heavy fighter with similar performance. However, in 1942, Savoia-Marchetti began the development of a new heavy twin-boom heavy fighter aircraft, similar to the SM.88 - this would ultimately become the SM.92.

The SM.92 was developed at the same time as the earlier [[SM.91]] heavy fighter, enabling the use of common components for both aircraft. The aircraft featured a twin boom design, meaning that there were two separate fuselages on the aircraft, one on each side. For simplicity, the SM.92 utilized the fuselage booms, tailplane and wing structure of the SM.91. However, the aircraft had just a single cockpit mounted asymmetrically on the portside or left fuselage. The two crew members consisted of a pilot and dedicated rear gunner, who operated the remote controlled turret at the rear.

The SM.92 was powered by two Daimler-Benz DB 605 engines producing a combined 2580 hp - fitted to the front of each boom, the engines drove three-bladed propellers. This powerplant enabled the SM.92 to reach a maximum speed of 630 km/h at altitude, with a service ceiling of 12 km. The armament consisted of three MG 151/20 cannons mounted on the centreline and inside the starboard propeller hub, as well as four Breda-SAFAT machine guns mounted firing forwards. A single additional Breda-SAFAT gun was mounted firing rearwards in the tailcone, though this weapon had a very narrow defensive arc.

=== Prototype history ===
Construction of the first SM.92 prototype was slow and only completed in late 1943; the prototype took flight for the first time in October of that year. The actual performance of the aircraft was worse than expected, but despite this, the prototype still flew for over 20 hours. In March of 1944, the prototype was airborne when it was engaged by an axis pilot, flying a Macchi [[C.205 (Family)|C.205]], who had mistook the aircraft for the Allied [[P-38 (Family)|P-38 Lightning]]. Having taken severe damage, the aircraft limped home and was grounded for repairs; it was in this state that the aircraft was destroyed by Allied bombing, ending the development of this interesting aircraft design.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=sm_92 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:SM 92 WTWallpaper 001.jpg
File:SM 92 WTWallpaper 002.jpg
File:SM 92 WTWallpaper 003.jpg
File:SM 92 WTWallpaper 004.jpg
File:SM 92 WTWallpaper 005.jpg
File:SM 92 WTWallpaper 006.jpg
File:SM 92 WTWallpaper 007.jpg
File:SM 92 WTWallpaper 008.jpg
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|0j96LJ90HzY|'''SM.92 - Thank you enemy team''' - ''Napalmratte''|V_qTrGMS4u4|'''Prop Bug Identified! SM.92 [War Thunder Realistic Review!]''' - ''Jengar''|j4Xhmaq50q0|'''"Pasta la vista" The SM.92 - Lost in the sauce, But why?''' - ''Ash''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[SM.91]]

Vehicles of similar configuration

* [[Bf 109 Z-1]]
* [[F-82E]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6056-development-sm-92-second-chance-for-a-second-tail-en|[Devblog] SM.92: Second Chance for a Second Tail]]
* [[wikipedia:Savoia-Marchetti_SM.92|[Wikipedia] Savoia-Marchetti SM.92]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/445724-sm-92/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [http://worldatwar.net/chandelle/v3/v3n1/italtwin.html <nowiki>[The World At War]</nowiki> Might Have Beens: Italian Twin-Engined Fighters, 1943]

{{AirManufacturer SM}}
{{Italy attackers}}

Pz.35(t)

2024-09-27T20:38:57Z

U120313908: /* History */ Expanded

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_pzkpfw_35t
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage2_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''Panzerkampfwagen 35(t)''', also known as ''LT vz.35'', was a Czechoslovakian light tank designed in 1935 by engineers at Škoda. The LT vz.35 was the most numerous tank in the Czechoslovakian army; during its serial production until 1939, 434 units were manufactured. After the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1939, these tanks were taken into service by the Wehrmacht, where they received the designation Pz.35(t) (''Tschecherei'': "Czech"). They formed the core of the German 1st Light Division and, after its reorganisation, the 6th Tank Division. The tanks were actively used by the Wehrmacht during the invasion of Poland, France, and the USSR in 1939-41. In smaller numbers, they were also used by the armies of Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, and Hungary, to which they were exported from Germany.

Introduced in [[Update 1.51 "Cold Steel"]], the Pz.35(t) represents an average but versatile vehicle, which copes well with a wide range of tasks on the battlefield. On the other hand, it does not excel in anything: in mobility, the Pz.35(t) is inferior to many other light tanks, and its armour and survivability are generally mediocre. However, the decent 37 mm gun and good frontal armour allow the vehicle to successfully perform the role of a "second line" machine.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Cupola)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
|Hull || |25 mm (18°) ''Front plate'' 16 mm (80°) ''Front glacis'' 25 mm (31°) ''Lower glacis'' || 16 mm || 16 mm || 12 mm
|-
|Turret || 25 mm (10°)''Turret front'' 25 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 16 mm || 16 mm || 8 mm
|-
|Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 25 mm (cylindrical) || 25 mm (4°)
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 15 mm thick while and torsion bars are 8 mm thick.
* The belly is 8 mm thick.
* Mudguards and fuel cans are 4 mm thick.

The {{PAGENAME}} has a key advantage over most low battle rated tanks which is found also on French tanks - it has 25 mm front armour on the hull and turret which makes it immune to 12.7 mm machine guns that are commonplace at its tier, however, the sides can be penetrated with such weapons. It has four crew with decent spacing between them, but a far cry from the Panzer III/IV, so while it can save you sometimes, don't rely on it, especially if a Soviet APBC or British 2-pdr shell is coming your way.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=186|rbMinHp=106}}

With a top speed of 33 km/h and a power-to-weight ratio of 11.43 hp/ton in Realistic and Simulator battles, the {{PAGENAME}} has reasonably good mobility for a reserve tank. With a top speed almost 20 km/h faster than yours, Stuart and BT tanks are notable enemies as they will flank you quickly.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|KwK34(t) (37 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[KwK34(t) (37 mm)|37 mm KwK34(t)]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 72 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Vertical || 13.3 || 18.5 || 22.4 || 24.8 || 26.4 || rowspan="2" | 4.29 || rowspan="2" | 3.80 || rowspan="2" | 3.50 || rowspan="2" | 3.30
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.3 || 9.8 || 11.9 || 13.2 || 14.0
|-
|}
The {{PAGENAME}} is armed with the 37 mm KwK 34(t), which has an APC shell with 55 mm pen and a Tier I unlockable APC shell with 53 mm pen, which is essentially worse in every aspect. It also possesses an 85 mm penetration APCR shell for more heavily armoured targets such as [[B1 bis]].

==== Ammunition ====
{{:KwK34(t) (37 mm)/Ammunition|Pzgr. 34(t), PzGr. 40, Pzgr.(t) umg.}}

'''Note:''' The PzGr. 34(t) round has no tracer.

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''72''' || 37 ''(+35)'' || 1 ''(+71)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* Racks disappear after you've fired all shells in the rack.
* To go into battle with the right flank empty of ammo, pack 37 ''(+35)'' shells (rack 1 emptied).

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG37(t) (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG37(t) (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG37(t)]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,800 (200) || 768 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

The small calibre of the MG37(t) machine gun makes it largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. It still can be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help or to mow down minor obstacles blocking your line of sight.

== Usage in battles ==


The tank is average in most aspects, aside from frontal immunity to .50 cals. Since your common enemies (eg. [[BT-5]]s) are faster than you, it is advisable to use this tank as a mid-range support vehicle. At the start of the match, avoid getting surrounded by enemies by not rushing to the frontline straight away, because its hull and turret traverse are all quite bad, making it vulnerable to surprise flanks. Find hilly terrain and utilise your 10 degrees gun depression to poke out, get a shot, then get back into cover before the enemies notice you.

At the middle stages of the match, only go to the frontline when you really need to, because, again, the traverse speed is low and the manoeuvrability isn't great. However the player can now use the tank's small profile to ambush enemies near a friendly point. With their decent penetration up close and the 22 g TNT, the APC rounds can quickly finish off anyone trying to de-cap the point.

Note that the default shell Pzgr. 34(t) has no tracer component, and the player can use this to their advantage. If the player misses the shot, the enemy will not see the trajectory of the shell thus will take longer to locate the shooter.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* [[BT-5]], [[BT-7]], [[M2]], [[M3 Stuart (Family)|M3 Stuarts]]: If those tanks survive the first few minutes of point-capping, then they can silently appear pretty much anywhere on the map, including your side. To avoid being flanked / circled, do not put yourself at the frontline, as previously suggested. If you see / hear one of them sneaking up around you, turn your hull and turret together to double the traverse speed so it's quicker to get the guns on them.

* [[B1 bis]]: If it is not possible to avoid fighting this tank, then the best solution is to try and flank it. Hitting the side armour and knocking out its crew is the best way. In a face to face combat, load the APCR and aim for the near-vertical driver's compartment. The B1's driver and commander (also the gunner for the turret) are lined up so a penetration is likely to kill both of them, disabling its mobility and turret for 10 seconds or so. Also don't forget to avoid the hull-mounted 75 mm gun.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Gun depression of -10° is great for combating across any terrain
* Stock and unlockable ammo with explosive filler have decent penetration and good post-penetration damage
* Mobility and acceleration are decent for the tier
* Frontally immune to 12.7 mm machine guns, useful against foes like [[M13 MGMC]]
* Reverse speed of -34 km/h is excellent at pulling the tank out of danger
* Has a shoulder stabiliser, useful for close-quarters combat and shoot-n-scoot

'''Cons:'''

* Many other tanks are faster than it, like [[BT-5]], [[A13 (Family)|A13]], [[M3 Stuart (Family)|M3]]
* Gun is inadequate against higher tier tanks like [[T-70]], [[T-28 (Family)|T-28]]
* Poor survivability and armour against anything stronger than machine guns
* Low agility: sluggish hull traverse and slow turret rotation

== History ==

[[File:LT vz. 35 (1939).jpg|right|thumb|Czechoslovak LT vz. 35 ready for transfer to Panzertruppe in March 1939. The fate of this particular tank is unknown.]]

The Czechoslovakian LT vz. 35 was their main tank prior to the German occupation. with a total of 398 units built between 1936 and 1939, it was the main tank used by the German 6th Panzer division during the Battle of France and Operation Barbarossa before being phased out in favour of more modern German designs.

=== Development ===
The tank was a result of a competition between Českomoravská Kolben-Daněk and Škoda, the first one presented a variant of the LT vz. 34 coming at 8.5 while the second presented a new 10.5 ton model with more armour. Skoda's design was chosen and production was divided between the two manufacturers.

Early in the development the tank saw plenty of factory issues and reliability problems due to the rushed development and production, making it so that many units had to return to the factory for repairs involving mainly the electrical system.

The tank saw the interest of various countries, with Romania asking for 126 units, Afghanistan asking for 10 that where later sold to Bulgaria instead, and many others given to minor nations such as Hungary by Germany after the occupation.

=== Operational History ===
Czechoslovakian forces used the tank to supress protest and risings by the German Party of the Sudetes, and also to defend Slovakia from raids and incursions from Hungarian and Polish troops. After the German occupation they where used by Czech paramilitary groups armed and instructed by the German SS.

After the German Occupation, the tank was widely used by the 6th ''Panzer-Divisionen'' (6th Panzer Division) and where used on the Battle of France where they suffered moderate casualties.

During the Invasion of the Soviet Union the tank also participated but problems quickly rose up, the poor reliability and the inability of the tank to operate on very low temperatures quickly became a problem. Many where lost in combat and the tank proved ineffective even against soviet light tanks and specially against the T-34. Due to this poor performance Germany phased out the tank in 1942 and the remaining units where redistributed between Bulgaria, Slovakia, Romania and Hungary.

Bulgaria employed 26 units, some being the T-11 variant with a more powerful gun that where used in the 1st Tank Brigade until the arrival of Panzer IV tanks.

Slovakia used 52 units seized after their declaration of independence that where used for the suppression of anti-axis uprisings but 30 participated in the Invasion of the Soviet Union, most of which where destroyed or abandoned because of mechanical fails. The tanks where soon replaced by more modern units in 1943 being relegated to suppression of civic movements or training.

Hungary was impressed with the LT vz. 35 after capturing one during a conflict with Slovakia, and it was a great inspiration in the construction of the 40M Turan I developed by Skoda.

Romania was the 2nd largest user of the LT vz. 35 after buying 126 from Czechoslovakia, they where assigned to the 1st Armoured Regiment, participating in Operation Barbarossa an even in the Battle of Stalingrad covering the flanks of the Germany Army. In this last battle the unit lost 77 tanks with two thirds being lost to mechanical failures or abandoned. The tanks also participated in combat after the Romanian addition to the Allies, but the units where divided and some remained with the Axis while some remained went to the Allies.{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The Škoda LT vz.35 light tank was developed between 1935 and 1936. This tank was put into service in 1936, and by 1937 it had become the primary tank of the Czechoslovakian army. Between 1935 and 1940, 424 LT vz.35 tanks were produced. 218 tanks of this model were accepted into service in Wehrmacht and used until 1942. The tank was inferior to the Pz.38(t) in many ways, and its crews were not sorry to see it go.

The tank was equipped with a pneumatic servomotor that made it easier to control the transmission and brakes. However, in winter condition on the Eastern Front it would freeze, and the tank would have to be warmed up. While in Wehrmacht service the tank's crew was also increased to four from the original three. The crew included a commander, a gunner, and a loader, who combined the duties of a radio operator and a mechanic/driver. The tank's power train was redesigned and made highly reliable. For example, the tracks could go for 8,000 km (almost 5,000 miles) before wearing out.

These tanks were used in combat operations in Poland, France, and the USSR. But while the Pz. 35(t) was effective in Poland and France, in the USSR it was, more often than not, helpless.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:ArtImage Pz.35(t).png|A Pz.35(t) in [[Eastern Europe]]
</gallery>

;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_pzkpfw_35t Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Yq5v19OwjYM|'''The Shooting Range #274''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:16 discusses Czechoslovakian tank-building.}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Pz.38(t) A]] / [[Pz.38(t) F]] - similar Czech-designed light tank, the successor to the {{PAGENAME}} in the German tech tree.
* [[T-26 (Family)]]
* [[A13 Mk I]]
* [[I-Go Ko]]
* [[M13/40 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/797|[Development] Pz-35t & T-26-4]]
* [[wikipedia:Panzer_35(t)|[Wikipedia] Panzer 35(t)]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/nazi_germany/panzer-35t <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Panzerkampfwagen 35(t)]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=272 <nowiki>[Military Factory]</nowiki> LT vz. 35 / PzKpfW 35(t)]

{{Germany light tanks}}

Pe-3

2024-09-27T20:07:59Z

U120313908: /* History */ Expanded (added operational history)

{{About
| about = Soviet strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| and
| usage = other versions
| link-1 = Pe-3 (e)
| link-2 = Pe-3bis
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=pe-3
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''Petlyakov Pe-3''' was a modification of the already-existing Pe-2 dive bomber. It was an attempt to turn the widely available airframe into a heavy/night fighter in response to the rise in night bombings during the early months of Operation Barbarossa. Despite its initial intentions, the Pe-3 was unable to effectively fulfill its role as a night fighter. This was due to the challenges pilots faced when trying to target enemy aircraft: dazzling searchlights and blinding gunfire. Before a solution to this could be found, it was repurposed as a daytime attack aircraft. However, even in this role, it struggled. One notable weakness was its insufficient frontal protection, rendering it susceptible to enemy attacks, which resulted in the significant loss of around 25% of the initial production aircraft. Attempts to bolster the aircraft's armour were initiated, though the ticking clock of World War II posed a problem, preventing the timely completion of this upgrade. Ultimately, a decision materialized to reassign the Pe-3 to reconnaissance divisions, relegating it to a rarity in subsequent ground attack missions.

The Pe-3 has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27. As one of the earliest Soviet dedicated strike fighter platforms in the game, it doesn't disappoint with its loadouts, consisting of lightweight rockets and bombs. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said for its flight performance, which is disappointing when compared to other aircraft in its class due to a lack of manoeuvrability and relatively low engine power. Even so, it is very forgiving in mixed battles and serves as a good introduction to later aircraft in the line.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}
Given that it was derived from a twin-engine dive bomber, the Pe-3's flight performance is very lacklustre. The one advantage of the Pe-3 is that it is relatively fast, capable of reaching 500 km/h in level flight and 600 km/h in a dive. However, its climb rate and acceleration are both poor due to a lack of engine power. The aircraft's turn rate is also quite mediocre even for a twin engine heavy fighter, though it is superior to aircraft such as the [[Do 217 J-1|Do 217 J]]. The Pe-3's control surfaces are relatively responsive, though elevator and aileron compression starts to occur past 500 km/h. Unlike the [[Pe-2-1|Pe-2]], the Pe-3 does not have dive brakes.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,100 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 485 || 469 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.4 || 28.7 || 7.2 || 7.2 || rowspan="2" | 326
|-
! Upgraded
| 524 || 504 || 24.7 || 26.0 || 12.7 || 9.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 500 || 470 || 320 || ~10 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 380 || < 380 || < 440 || > 307
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 2,000 m || 1,100 hp || 1,186 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,000 m || 1,050 hp || 1,132 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}
The Pe-3 is actually quite survivable, given its larger size and spaced-out components. The aircraft's fuel tanks are located the wings and behind the cockpit, and are all self-sealing and feature an inert gas pressurisation system to prevent fires. As a result, the aircraft can sometimes survive fuel tank fires, though this should not be relied upon. Additionally, compared to its dive bomber sibling, the Pe-3 gets armour around the cockpit: 45 mm of bulletproof glass in front of the cockpit, 13 mm of steel on the pilot's seat and 6-12 mm of steel around the dorsal gunner's station.

However, the aircraft's engines and oil tanks are exposed and unarmoured, meaning that they are vulnerable to damage. Given that the aircraft is underpowered to begin with, the loss of an engine may prevent the aircraft from making it back to base.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}If you intend on playing the Pe-3 as a ground attacker, the DZ-40 and RO-132 modifications should be your first priority in order to unlock the Pe-3's suspended armament options. If not, starting with offensive 12 mm belts is a good idea to unlock more effective ammunition. After that, focus on flight performance upgrades, particularly the engine upgrades, to improve climb rate and handling.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Berezin UB (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine guns, nose-mounted (250 rpg = 500 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="7%" | 1 !! width="7%" | 2 !! width="7%" | 3 !! width="7%" | 4 !! width="7%" | 5 !! width="7%" | 6
| rowspan="6" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[FAB-100sv (100 kg)|100 kg FAB-100sv]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[FAB-250sv (250 kg)|250 kg FAB-250sv]] bombs
| || || 1 || 1 || ||
|-
! [[M-13UK]] rockets
| 3 || || || || || 3
|-
! [[RBS-132]] rockets
| 3 || || || || || 3
|-
| colspan="7" | Maximum permissible loadout weight: 720 kg Maximum permissible wing load: 360 kg Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 280 kg
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* Without load
* 4 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (400 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg FAB-250sv bombs (500 kg total)
* 6 x M-13UK rockets
* 6 x RBS-132 rockets
{{Navigation-End}}

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, dorsal turret (750 rpg)
* 1 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, tail turret (250 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great armament
* Air spawn in realistic and simulator battles
* Carries rockets, fantastic for ground striking and bomber hunting
* Good roll rate for a larger aircraft

'''Cons:'''

* Bad top speed for a twin-engine fighter
* Bad acceleration
* Bad turn rate
* Lack of defensive armament
* Severe control stiffening above 600 km/h IAS

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

;Petlyakov Pe-3 Heavy Twin-Engine Fighter

When the Great Patriotic War began in the summer of 1941, the Air Force of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army urgently needed a patrol/interceptor aircraft to fight the enemy's bombers and scouts. But with a war in progress, troops could only quickly receive a twin-engined fighter if it were based on some plane currently in production. The older Pe-2's fighter design fit this need perfectly.

In August 1941, the Petlyakov Design Bureau was instructed to design a fighter version of the Pe-2. The first prototype Pe-3 fighter, redesigned from the production Pe-2 bomber, series 16, flew for the first time on August 7, 1941. Only seven days passed between the order for the aircraft and its delivery for trials!

Structurally, the Pe-3 fighter differed from the Pe-2 in the layout of its forward and middle fuselage and its armament. Additional fuel tanks were put in the plane's fuselage, with one located in the bomb bay and two others replacing the gunner's cockpit. The plane was modified to be a two-seater.

The fighter had increased offensive armament. The nose weapon mount of the prototype Pe-3 model consisted of two 12.7 mm Berezin BK machine guns with 150 rounds each and one 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun with 450 rounds. The TSS-1 upper mount in the navigator's cockpit consisting of a 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun with 750 rounds was kept unchanged from the Pe-2. Since there was no one to provide fire from the lower rear of the aircraft, a fixed tail mount with a 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun with 250 rounds, which had been tested before on the VI-100 high-altitude fighter, was installed.

The plane's bombing armament was drastically simplified. Only four bomb racks remained from the Pe-2: two in the engine nacelle bomb bays and two (external) under the fuselage. The total bomb capacity was reduced to 400 kg for standard load and 700 kg (two 250 kg bombs and two 100 kg bombs) when overloaded. The brake covers under the wings were removed together with the gears, and, as a result, the ability to perform dive bombing was gone.

Production Pe-3s had the ShKAS nose machine gun removed, but the magazine capacity of the BK machine guns was increased up to 250 rounds each.

During armament testing of the nose mount, it was found that the Plexiglas fuselage nose section could not withstand the muzzle gas pressure, resulting in its destruction. Plexiglas was first replaced with duralumin and then with steel. The aircraft glazing was reduced when large observation blisters and the upper glass hatch of the gunner's cockpit were removed.

The heavy fighters were delivered from the factory to the front lines with equipment corresponding to the main production Pe-3 aircraft. The total number of Pe-3s built in 1941 was 196; 11 more planes were assembled from available stocks of parts in April 1942.
{{Navigation-End}}

=== Operational History ===
The Pe-3 was first issued to the 95th High-Speed Bomber Aviation Regiment and was primarily used for ground attack and escort missions before being assigned to the defence of Moscow. The aircraft was also issued for reconnaissance missions but these resulted in very heavy losses with 1/4th of the total aircrafts being destroyed in its first three months of combat, a very high casualty rate that resulted in the relegation of the aircraft to less risky missions and some aircrafts being converted for other roles. The production of the aircraft was terminated due to the evacuation of the factories which resulted in a lower number of available units.

The Pe-3 continued to have a successful combat history, it was mainly assigned to reconnaissance air regiments and it played a crucial rule in the northern fleet to escort convoys with aid to the Soviet Union in what is known as the Arctic Convoys.

A soviet Pe-3 was captured by the Fins after crash landing around Lake Inari, it was pretty undamaged and after repairs it was put into service as Pe-301 as a photo-reconnaissance aircraft with 222h of flight before being destroyed on the ground by a soviet raid on the airfield it was stationed.

The Gneiss-2 radar was installed and tested on the Pe-3 between 1942 and 1943 but saw very limited service with only 15 being issued.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=pe-3 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|P-SgcRs0gSA|'''Glorious Versatility! Pe-3!"''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Petlyakov}}
{{USSR strike aircraft}}

2S1 (Italy)

2024-09-27T19:55:32Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = tank destroyer '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = 2S1
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_2s1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''2S1 Gvozdika''' was a self-propelled artillery piece used by the Hungarian Army during the Cold War and a few decades before the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact. During the Cold War, the USSR employed the use of military aid and training as a way to exert control over its weaker allies such as Poland, Eastern Germany, and others such as Hungary. Due to the constant tension, these nations had to be armed and trained to the point of holding the western powers until Soviet troops could arrive in case of an invasion, as well as aiding Soviet troops in their own invasion if necessary. The Soviet Union exported 144 of these artillery pieces to Hungary, which were mostly phased out in 2004 from active service since they relied on Soviet aid for maintenance and spare parts because they were not locally produced. By 2018, Hungary signed a contract with KMW to replace their aging fleet of Soviet artillery with 24 units of the PzH 2000.

It was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]] as part of the Hungarian branch of the Italian tech tree. As with most self-propelled howitzers in War Thunder, the 2S1 lacks armor and has a poor turret traverse speed with great gun elevation. The 2S1 fields a 122mm howitzer, which is smaller than conventional 155mm howitzers and thus, its HE shell features less explosive filler. Nonetheless, the vehicle is relatively low compared to its counterparts, and with a well-placed shot, even medium tanks can be destroyed. The vehicle is decently mobile and thanks to its low profile, it can be used to flank enemy units. This is a recommended playstyle due to its poor armor and turret traverse. It can also be used to place ambushes in maps with plenty of cover like forests or crammed cities. For light vehicles, a shot to a weak spot like side armor should be sufficient, but for medium or heavy tanks, it is recommended aiming for the commander's cupola, or the gun mantelet. If unable to penetrate, try to retreat and incapacitate the enemy tank by shooting the barrel, tracks, or the engine. Note that the 2S1 reloads faster than counterparts like the American M109, but it is still slower compared to most medium tanks even with an Aced crew.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Constrution Steel (4 mm plate on Front hull)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 14 mm (39°)
18 mm (39°) ''additional plate''
| 7 mm ''Top'' 7 mm ''Bottom'' || 7 mm (3°) || 7 mm
10 mm ''Driver hatch''
|-
| Turret || 14 mm (20°) ''Turret front'' 20 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 7 mm (20°)
10 mm (19°) ''Ejection port''
| 7 mm (15°) || 7 mm
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" | 14 mm (cylindrical) || 7 - 14 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 7 mm thick.

The armour of the 2S1 can be easily penetrated by heavy machine guns like the 12.7mm M2HB Browning, often found on the roof of vehicles at Rank IV.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=426|rbMinHp=265}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|2A31 (122 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[2A31 (122 mm)|122 mm 2A31]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 40 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+70° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || 8.8 || 12.2 || 14.8 || 16.4 || 17.4 || rowspan="2" | 13.00 || rowspan="2" | 11.50 || rowspan="2" | 10.60 || rowspan="2" | 10.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 5.9 || 7.0 || 8.5 || 9.4 || 10.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:2A31 (122 mm)/Ammunition|122mm 3OF24, 3BK-10, 122mm 3OF7, 122mm 3OF56}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || 36 ''(+4)'' || 28 ''(+12)'' || 20 ''(+20)'' || ''13(+27)'' || 1 ''(+39)'' || No
|-
|}

===== Notes: =====

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Rack 4 and 5 are first stage ammo racks. They total 19 shells and gets filled first when loading up the tank.
* This rack is also emptied early: the rack depletion order at full capacity is: 4 - 5 - 1 - 2 - 3.
* If you pack 20 ''(+20)'' shells, it will keep the hull empty of ammo.
* Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1-3 into racks 5 then 4. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready racks.

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fairly mobile with a low profile, decent for sneaking around the map
* Main armament is able to obliterate light and medium tanks, particularly with hull shots
* Has a backup shell to defeat targets that are difficult to destroy with HE
* Great elevation angles

'''Cons:'''

* HE is unreliable against heavy tanks, many medium tanks can resist turret shots
* Very weak armour without any compensation
** If more than 13 shells are carried, it's almost impossible to survive a turret hit due to the weird ammo rack placement, but having such a low ammo load is bad for long-term gameplay
** Crew placement is not ideal, any shot that doesn't hit ammo racks will likely hit the gunner instead
* Long profile, being hit while passing a crossing in a city might end badly
* Extremely slow turret traverse
* Commander scope is blocked by the IR spotlight, can be very annoying to deal with

== History ==

The 2S1 was used extensively by the Hungarian Army during the Cold War. These vehicles were produced in the USSR as Hungary did not possess the necessary equipment to produce these vehicles in large numbers. The 144 remaining 2S1s were phased out by the Hungarian army in 2004.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_2s1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[2S1]]
* [[2S3M]]

;Similar vehicles

* [[Type 75 SPH]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy tank destroyers}}

KF41

2024-09-27T19:37:54Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_kf_41
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''KF41 Lynx''' is a modern IFV design from the German Rheinmetall company, exported to the Hungarian Army. On July 31, 2024, the Hungarian army received its first KF41. The order was for 209 KF41s to be delivered in seven variants, ranging from the regular IFV, command variants with improved communications, all the way to medical transports and mortar carriers. By 2024, it is supposed to receive 46 KF41s in the first delivery batch. The production of the vehicle was set up in a production plant in Zalaegerszeg with 51% and 49% investment from Rheinmetall and the Hungarian government respectively.

It was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]] as part of the Hungarian branch of the Italian tech tree. The KF41 invites comparisons with the PUMA IFV; they are both heavily armed and armored IFVs with good mobility and much heavier than their counterparts like the BMP-3 and the American Bradley IFV. Unlike the PUMA, however, the KF41 Lynx packs a heavier punch, thanks to its Spike fire-and-forget ATGMs and a unique AMAP-ADS hard-kill active protection system. However, it sacrifices aspects of the Puma, like the unmanned turret, soft-kill APS, and ERA/NERA. Because of this, it is more vulnerable to attacks that the hard-kill APS can't stop. However, thanks to the Spike ATGMs and its good armor, it is a capable frontline and support vehicle, being capable of long-range kills with its ATGM against both tanks and helicopters. For this last threat, it can also use its AHEAD rounds from the 30mm autocannon that are more capable at dealing with air threats.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

Despite its contemporary design akin to the Puma IFV, the KF41 exhibits a notable shortfall in protection against conventional rounds, despite its capacity to intercept high-speed projectiles such as the DM53 and CL3143, which fall within the AMAP-ADS projectile speed threshold of 1,700 m/s. Nevertheless, it demonstrates commendable resilience against ATGMs and slower, high-calibre rounds, albeit exhibiting inconsistency in defense against non-missile or rocket projectiles. The inclusion of external fuel tanks positioned behind the Active Protection System serves to bolster armour capabilities, particularly against smaller calibre projectiles such as autocannons. However, the effectiveness of this additional protection is contingent upon various factors including impact angle, projectile type, and distance. The void spaces within the compartment enhance the vehicle's survivability, particularly when subjected to certain angles of attack.

Similar to the Puma, the crew compartment is compartmentalized, with the entire rear section, designated for infantry, remaining unoccupied. However, the absence of an unmanned turret represents a significant drawback, severely limiting the vehicle's ability to engage adversaries safely by exposing only the turret. A direct hit on the turret would result in near-immediate incapacitation. The primary survivability feature of the KF41 lies in its mobility and speed, enabling it to swiftly navigate the battlefield, evading enemy fire particularly in strategic chokepoints.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,790|rbMinHp=1,022}}

The mobility of the KF41 falls short when compared to similar armoured vehicles. Even heavily armoured counterparts like the T-80BVM and Leopard 2 series boast higher top speeds and overall mobility, highlighting the KF41's relatively lacklustre performance in combat, evidenced by its power-to-weight ratio of 26.3, in contrast to the T-80BVM's 27.2. Nonetheless, it maintains a respectable level of mobility, enabling the vehicle to swiftly navigate the periphery of the battlefield and deliver flanking manoeuvres against enemy vehicles.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MK 30-2/ABM (30 mm)}}

The KF41 is equipped with the Mauser MK 30 automatic cannon, renowned for its powerful ammunition type and decent firing rate. While it may lack effectiveness against armoured vehicles in direct engagements, it proves highly advantageous for flanking manoeuvres and short-range anti-aircraft defense against helicopters or slow-moving, low-flying enemy jets. Operating within a group, it becomes instrumental in targeting critical components such as tracks or cannon barrels, thereby supporting allies engaged in frontal combat. It is advisable to utilize the APFSDS belt in most situations, reserving the AHEAD fragmentation belt for engagements with aircraft or lightly armoured vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[MK 30-2/ABM (30 mm)|30 mm MK 30-2/ABM]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 348 (116) || rowspan="2" | 200 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+45° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 57.1 || 79.1 || 96.0 || 106.2 || 113.0 || rowspan="2" | 0.26 || rowspan="2" | 0.23 || rowspan="2" | 0.21 || rowspan="2" | 0.20
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 35.7 || 42.0 || 51.0 || 56.4 || 60.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:MK 30-2/ABM (30 mm)/Ammunition|APDS, HEI-T, Ahead, APFSDS}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''3''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Spike-LR2MR}}

The KF41 is outfitted with Spike-LR2MR IR fire-and-forget missiles, which exhibit a somewhat inconsistent reliability. While they offer the potential as stand-off weapons effective against heavily armoured targets as well as slow-moving, low-flying aircraft, their reliability can vary based on several factors including the target's speed, launch angle, distance, and the carrier's velocity. Despite featuring a small warhead, they can inflict significant damage on enemy tanks upon successful penetration. The positioning of the launcher enables quasi No Line-of-Sight launches and top-down attacks, contingent upon factors and the target's exposure level, albeit rendering the missile ineffective at distances shorter than 400 m. Additionally, their capability for top-down attacks may encounter limitations, particularly against combat vehicles like Russian tanks equipped with additional ERA on the roof or heavily protected tanks featuring NERA components on the roof like the Strv 122 or Leopard 2A7.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Spike-LR2MR]] missile
|-
! Capacity (Belt) !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
|-
| 4 (2) || - || - || -
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Spike-LR2MR/Ammunition|Spike-LR2}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''2''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M240 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,200 (200) || 575 || -10°/+65° || -95°/+20°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M240 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M240]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,800 (200) || 941 || - || -
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The KF41 can be likened to a larger-scale [[R3 T20 FA-HS|R3 T20]] in its operational approach. Despite its armour offering limited protection against only certain types of threats, its agility and firepower lend themselves to a range of roles. In addition to its primary functions of flanking enemy positions and providing "combat medical" assistance, the KF41 excels as a platform for suppressive fire, capable of keeping adversaries pinned down while allies manoeuvre for advantageous positions. Furthermore, its designation as a budget anti-aircraft asset its adaptability in countering aerial threats, albeit with some limitations. While not equipped with the extensive defense systems of dedicated anti-aircraft platforms, its weaponry and its built-in IRST make it a formidable deterrent against helicopters and low-flying aircraft. On large scale battlefields like the Fields of Sinai, the KF41 emerges as a potent sniper unit, utilizing its Spike missiles to engage targets at extended ranges with precision and lethality. The strategic advantage of such long-range engagement capabilities cannot be overstated, allowing the KF41 to disrupt the enemy and neutralize high-value targets from afar. It's worth noting that while the KF41's Active Protection System provides an additional layer of defense, its reliability may vary in ground combat scenarios. However, commanders should always consider its potential effectiveness, particularly when facing off against airborne threats, where the APS can provide critical protection against incoming munitions.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Access to fire and forget missiles
* Powerful main armament
* Equipped with hard-kill APS, able to stop enemy munitions, including ATGMs
* Mobile for being a tracked platform
* Great elevation angles, can easily fend off against enemy aircraft if they're near

'''Cons:'''

* Very big profile
* Weak armour
* APS is too situational, does not work all the time
* Fire and forget missiles are very limited
* Cannon although powerful, has a low fire rate

== History ==

Rheinmetall initiated the development of the KF series of combat vehicles to fill a noticeable gap in the market for tracked vehicles. The company aimed to create a design versatile enough to outperform direct competitors while still being able to efficiently carry out peacetime operations.

The vehicle was first unveiled in its lighter KF31 configuration in June 2016 at the Eurosatory exhibition. This debut was soon followed by the heavier KF41 variant, unveiled at the same event in 2018. By 2020, Rheinmetall had entered negotiations with several potential operators, including Australia, the Czech Republic, and the United States. Hungary became the KF41's first official operator in September of that year, placing an order for 218 vehicles.

- ''[[wt:en/news/8458-development-kf41-the-majestic-lynx-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_kf_41 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|dS_0tpx-u1E|'''The Shooting Range #373''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:24 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


* [[PUMA]]
* [[Freccia]]
* [[VCC-80/30]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8458-development-kf41-the-majestic-lynx-en|[Devblog] KF41: The Majestic Lynx]]

{{Italy light tanks}}
[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]
[[Category:Ground vehicles with active protection system]]

AB 43

2024-09-27T17:40:51Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project /* History */ Expanded

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_ab_43
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was an attempt by the Italian Army of modernize and replace the AB41 with a newer model with more firepower. At the beginning of the war, and also during the Spanish Civil War, most armoured cars where armed with heavy machine guns or autocannons, with an exemption being the soviet BA-6 and BA-11 armed with a 45mm cannon. However the first options soon proved to be underpowered to deal with more modern tanks and even other armoured cars (specially in the African theatre). The AB43 surged as an attempt to mount a 47mm cannon on the already existing AB platform, combining aspects of the AB41 and AB42. Only one prototype was ever built. In 1943 after the "Armistice of Cassibile" the production and further development of the vehicle was halted. The prototype was captured by Germany but they saw little to no use for it.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]]. The Italian AB43 is comparable to the German Puma or the Soviet BA-11. It has a very poor armour, to the point that it can be penetrated by 50.Cal ammunition, common in American tanks such as the Sherman. The tank also has subpar mobility for an armoured car, with a top speed of 43KM/h, it lacks the mobility of the Puma, and its firepower is also not as good as that of the BA-11 respective to its BR. But it is still a capable tank when used correctly. Due to its poor armour, it is not made for frontline combat, it is best used in the flanks of the battle, ambushing tanks trying to flank your team or tanks focused on the midst of the battle. It should be noted that its main shell lacks explosive filler so it requires to be aimed at critical points, like the crew compartment or ammo stash to be effective.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 8 mm (22°) ''Upper Plate'' 8 mm (44-68°) ''Upper Glacis'' 8 mm (19-50°) ''Lower Glacis'' || 8 mm || 8 mm (16°) ''Crew Compartment'' 5 mm (33°) ''Engine Compartment'' 8 mm (27°) ''Lower plate'' || 6 mm ''Crew Compartment'' 6 mm (18°) ''Engine Compartment - Centre'' 8 mm (39°) ''Engine Compartment - Sides''
|-
| Turret || 18 mm (16°) ''Turret front'' 37 mm (cylindrical) ''Gun mantlet'' || colspan="2" style="text-align:center" | 8 mm (28-29°) || 8 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* The wheels are 10 mm thick while the torsion bars are 1 mm thick.
* The gun barrel is 10 mm thick while the coaxial machine gun is 5 mm thick.

As a thin-skinned armoured car, the {{PAGENAME}} offers very little in the way of real protection with 8 mm of armour all around, and a slightly thicker 35 mm gun mantlet. This struggles to keep out heavy machine gun fire at anything other than long range and remains extremely vulnerable to artillery and strafing aircraft. However, the vehicle's internal modules are relatively widely spaced, so that AP rounds will often not knock out the {{PAGENAME}} in a single hit. The car's low-mounted ammo racks also reduce the likelihood of ammunition detonation.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=170|rbMinHp=97}}

The {{PAGENAME}} offers outstanding mobility on flat smooth ground. As well as a very high top speed, the vehicle also has an excellent turning circle making it extremely agile on more urban maps. The car also has fantastic reverse speed, being almost as fast in reverse as it is going forward. This allows the {{PAGENAME}} to escape from a bad situation incredibly quickly when the need arises.

As with most wheeled vehicles, however, the {{PAGENAME}} loses much of its speed on soft ground. Sand, thick mud and water of almost any depth slow the car to a crawl making it extremely vulnerable to enemy fire.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|47/40 mod.38 (47 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[47/40 mod.38 (47 mm)|47 mm 47/40 mod.38]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 146 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 13.3 || 18.4 || 22.4 || 24.8 || 26.4 || rowspan="2" | 4.29 || rowspan="2" | 3.80 || rowspan="2" | 3.50 || rowspan="2" | 3.30
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.3 || 9.8 || 11.9 || 13.2 || 14.0
|-
|}

The 47/40 mod.38 gun offers an average penetration power at its battle rating. Its good muzzle velocity still allows for pretty flat firing trajectories. The accuracy drop is noticeable from 700 m distance and becomes a handicap over 1,000 m. The rotation speed of the turret is rather slow but average compared to other tanks at the same rank or battle rating. The elevation angle of the gun is important, allowing you to fire at an elevated position and the depression angle average, making it possible to fire only from behind mild ridges. Lacking a stabilizer, the tank can't reliably fire on the move. The reload time of the gun is long when compared with other tanks equipped with a 47 mm cannon at the same BR (twice longer in average). The gun recoil is important but it does not turn out to be a handicap as its effect is offset by the length of the reloading process.

==== Ammunition ====
The shells available for the {{PAGENAME}} are limited:

* '''Granata mod.35''': HE; a high-explosive useful for destroying open and lightly armoured vehicles. It however is a very slow shell travelling (twice slower than the other projectile). You can pack a few of those as you lack a heavy machine gun.
* '''Granata Perforante mod.39''': APBC; a solid shot with an average penetration but no explosive filler. Make sure to target modules and crew positions to maximise the damage. Disabling the enemy gunner on your first shot will be critical to win engagements as you'll most likely need several shots to destroy an enemy vehicle. This shell should be your default ammunition.

{{:47/40 mod.38 (47 mm)/Ammunition|Granata mod.35, Granata Perforante mod.39}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''146''' || 74 ''(+72)'' || 1 ''(+145)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* As they are modeled by sets of 3 or 4, shells disappear from the rack only after you fire all shells in the set.
* Both racks are massive and deplete from rear to front.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|Breda Mod. 38 (8 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Breda Mod. 38 (8 mm)|8 mm Breda Mod. 38]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,992 (24) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

The small calibre of the Breda Mod. 38 machine gun makes it largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. It still can be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help or to mow down minor obstacles blocking your line of sight.

== Usage in battles ==

The AB 43 makes for an extremely effective vehicle at its BR, combining outstanding mobility with an effective gun. This allows the vehicle to scout extremely well for its team, while still having the firepower to punish enemies who allow it to flank. Urban maps give the vehicle a chance to use its speed and mobility to quickly enter caps and good flanking positions, and their close-range gives the car a chance to outmanoeuvre larger enemies and fire shots into their rear and side armour.

On larger rural maps the AB 43 will have to stick to roads in order to maintain its speed advantage, so players should be careful not to charge directly into enemy tanks. Players must be careful not to get caught out in the open, as the vehicles' tall profile makes it an easy target for enemies firing from a distance even when moving quickly.

The vehicle remains a fairly effective scout at higher battle ratings and can be a viable choice in higher-rank lineups if properly played. The 47 mm gun can still penetrate the side armour of most medium tanks up to 3.7, and its strong post-penetration effects give it good knock-out potential

The most consistently dangerous enemies for the AB 43 are those with fast traversing, fast-firing guns that can hit the car as it races around the map. Heavy tanks such as the KV-1 are effectively immune to the 47 mm gun, but only appear if the AB 43 is teamed with higher-rank Italian tanks.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent speed and agility on flat ground, with an outstanding reverse speed
* Effective high-velocity gun against enemy contemporaries
* Speed and scouting ability remains useful in higher-rank lineups

'''Cons:'''

* Very poor armour and general survivability
* Extremely slow over poor terrain
* Large flat profile presents a good target for enemy guns
* The Italian tech tree lacks effective vehicles on par with AB 43's matchmaking, often forcing players to make a lineup with higher-rank tanks

== History ==

{{main|AB_41#History|l1=History of the AB 41}}

=== Origins ===
The AB43 was the intended successor of the AB41 and AB43. During the Spanish Civil war, many armoured cars where used, but Italian soldiers had good experience with the Soviet BA-6 armed with a 45mm gun, compared to most armoured cars at the time (armed only with HMGs or autocannons) this was a serious firepower, challenging even the firepower of some light tanks armed with 37mm guns.

However the AB41 still proved very effective, the autocannon was a solid option at dealing with infantry due to the continuous firepower ability when compared to a gun, and it was still able to destroy other armoured cars and engage some light tanks in the right conditions. This changed however with the start of WWII and specially in the African Campaign.

In the African Campaign, the AB41 proved to be rather ineffective against more heavily armoured British infantry tanks like the Matilda, and even the Crusader tank. It was still able to deal with Armoured Cars but due to the open grounds with little cover of the dessert, many AB41s where destroyed against enemies with heavier guns, higher armour and more range. The AB41 was also not able to deal with fortifications or machine gun nests.

A successor was needed and as such Fiat started the development of the AB43 with .

=== Development ===
Fiat and Ansaldo started to develop the AB43 mounting a 47mm gun in the AB41 and even on the AB42. The gun used was the 47/32 Mod. 1932. A new wider turret turret was developed to allow the vehicle to use the gun with a two crewmen configuration, a loader and a commander/gunner. The machine gun on top of the vehicle was removed to facilitate crew mobility when getting in and out of the vehicle. The prototype performed well, just slightly slower than the AB42 even when being 2 tons heavier. The prototype also featured two drivers, on at the front and another on the rear to give the crew the ability to retreat quickly without the need of complicated manoeuvres to change direction.

=== Service ===
The vehicle never entered service due to the Armistice of Cassibile, but even before that, when it was presented to the Italian Army in December 1942, the African Campaign was already in a very poor state for the Italians. After the Armistice, the prototype was captured by the Germans, who conducted testing on the vehicle but decided to not place it into service or production.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_ab_43 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|OQNlfAprZos|'''Hot Wheels, AB 43 Armored Car''' - ''Joseph 2000''|eNOdDkA7ANc|'''Autoblinda 43 (AB 43), Italian, Tier-2, Armored Car''' - ''Angry Nerd Gaming''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[AB 41]]

;Vehicles equipped with the same gun

* [[M14/41 (47/40)]]
* [[M15/42]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Daimler Mk II]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Autoblindo_Fiat-Ansaldo|[Wikipedia] Autoblindo Fiat-Ansaldo]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/italy/autoblinda-ab41/ <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Autoblinda AB 41/43]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=379 <nowiki>[Military Factory]</nowiki> Autoblinda 40/41/43]

{{TankManufacturer FIAT-Ansaldo}}
{{Italy light tanks}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

Baz Meshupar

2024-06-27T19:38:09Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project and other page changes

{{About
| about = Israelian jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = F-15 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f_15c_baz_msip
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

Israel was one of the first nations to acquire the F-15 from the United States, being today still one of its biggest users. The Baz Meshupar is the name given in the Israeli Air Force to the F-15C, an upgraded version of the F-15A originally acquired in the mid 1970s. The Baz Meshupar went on to serve for many years, being the backbone of the Israeli Air Force in air superiority tasks until more modern versions of the F-16C and later the F-35 became widely available, the aircraft has seen plenty of action, mainly in border conflicts with arab nations, most notably interception of Syrian Aircrafts in areas under dispute like the Golan Heights.

It was introduced in [[Update "Seek & Destroy"]]. The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is the Israeli version of the F-15C, it comes with the same armament and systems as the American one, with this in mind, it has access to the AIM-120A AMRAAM, a great ARH missile with very long range, a terminal self guidance system as well as advanced inertial navigation, this is the weapon that defines the F-15C, however, this aircraft also relies on its excellent flight performance for aerial dogfights, and for short-medium range combat, it has access to the AIM-9M air to air missile, with IRCCM and very good manoeuvrability, although it lacks access to modern AGMs or laser guided bombs , overall the F-15C is a capable fighter with limited options for ground support missions.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a very agile fighter, its top speed is not as high as other fighters like the Mig-29SMT, but it compensates this with good energy retention, excellent acceleration and an adequate low speed manoeuvrability, after dogfights, the F-15C is capable to regain its speed quickly thanks to its good power to weight ratio.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 10,668 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2524 || 2488 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.6 || 22.2 || 285.7 || 272.0 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-220 || 2
| colspan="2" | _,___ kg || colspan="2" | ___ kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel
|-
| 1470 kg || colspan="2" | ___
| _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (___%/WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || ___%/WEP
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || ___ kgf || ___ kgf
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Optimal'' || ___ kgf (_ km/h) || ___ kgf (_ km/h)
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
The most important modifications are unlocking the AIM-9M and the AIM-120A, after that, prioritize modifications like G-Suit and all the engine modifications. If you need the F-15C for ground missions, ignore the performance modifications and unlock the GBU-8 guided bombs, however note that the F-16D is a better aircraft at ground battles than the F-15C.{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! EEGS
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Cross}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon, wing root-mounted (940 rpg)
* 240 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 2 x 750 gal drop tanks + 3 x 610 gal drop tanks
* 2 x AIM-9M Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x Python 3 missiles
* 4 x AIM-9M Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-7M Sparrow missiles
* 4 x AIM-7M Sparrow missiles + 2 x 750 gal drop tanks
* 8 x AIM-120A missiles
* 4 x AIM-120A missiles + 2 x 750 gal drop tanks
* 18 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (9,000 lb total)
* 18 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (9,000 lb total)
* 3 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 3 x 2,000 lb GBU-8 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 9 x BLU-27/B incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Agile body at low-medium speeds
* Good power to weight ratio
* Excellent air to air weaponry
* Ability to carry missiles under external fuel tanks

*

'''Cons:'''

* No access to rockets
* High fuel consumption
* No access to modern guided munitions like AGMs or laser guided bombs

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer McDonnell}}
{{Israel jet aircraft}}

J9 Early

2024-06-27T04:16:44Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project and other changes

{{Specs-Card
|code=j9_early
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The Swedish J9 was nothing more than an American P-35A, which received the designation J9 in the Swedish Air Force. The P-35 was chosen in 1935 in a competition for a single seat fighter for the USAAC, however, the USAAC later rejected the P-35 n favour of Curtis's design in 1937. Thus, Seversky and their P-35 went to Europe looking for possible buyers, Sweden set 3 orders, one for 15, another for 45 and a last one for 60, the first 60 aircrafts arrived without issues, however the last 60 were diverted to the Pacific Theatre, where they suffered very heavy losses.

It was introduced during [[Update "Air Superiority"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/8644-event-winter-extreme-earn-yourself-rewards-this-festive-season-en|2023 Winter Extreme event]]. The J9 features a very peculiar design, being simmilar to early italian monoplane fighters. It has access to 4 MGs, of which 2 are hard hitting 13.2mm guns with HEF shells. The aircraft is a bit slow compared to others around its BR, but it compensates this with a very good turning radius and a decent climb rate, it should be used as a dogfighter, entering fights from above to have lots of energy when turning.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 3,700 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 494 || 470 || 17.1 || 18.0 || 13.5 || 9.8
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 770  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 488 || 447 || 232 || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 290 || < 300 || < 300 || > 300
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The aircraft has no survivability features, having no armour plates for the engine, pilot or fuel tanks, making it easy to get hit in critical areas by low calibre guns.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Akan m/39A (13.2 mm)|Ksp m/22 Fv (8 mm)|Ksp m/22 Fh (8 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 13.2 mm Akan m/39A machine guns, wing-mounted (240 rpg = 480 total)
* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22 Fv machine gun, nose-mounted (500 rpg)
* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22 Fh machine gun, nose-mounted (500 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

The J9 Early is a good fighter in the hands of a skilled dogfighter. It does not have the best acceleration, nor the best top speed, in order to succeed these are the recommended guidelines for usage in battles.

Climb to medium to high altitude, around 4000-5000m, in this position, dive onto enemy fighters or try to destroy those trying to intercept you from below. The J9 is a very capable dogfighter as long as it has energy, since it can pull high G turns with sufficient speed. Climbing to this altitude, gives you enough room to make mistakes, since when diving against an enemy, even if you miss, you should have enough energy to pull away from danger and up into the sky, beware that this tactic is not recommended when other fighters are at the same altitude as you.

Also be aware that the J9 starts to compress at around 400KM/h, so dont dive for too long or you might end up crashing onto the ground.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* 13.2 mm cannons fire HEF rounds
* Very agile body, able to make high G turns quickly with enough energy
* Decent climb rate for its BR

'''Cons:'''

* Ailerons compress heavily above 380 km/h
* Low top speed
* No armour for critical components

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|aX8nq3hSmiM|'''J9 Early - A Flying Wing-Ripping Chainsaw''' - ''Tankenstein''}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8643/current|[Devblog] Winter Extreme: J9 Early]]

{{AirManufacturer Republic}}
{{Sweden fighters}}
{{Sweden premium aircraft}}

A29B

2024-06-27T04:01:22Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_j29b
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

Born out of Sweden's need to catch up after WWII, the SAAB J29 emerged as a technological marvel. Designed in just a few years, it incorporated swept wings (acquired from German research) and a powerful British engine, becoming the first mass-produced jet fighter with this configuration in Europe. The A29B variant, essentially a J29B initially used for attack missions due to delays in a dedicated attack aircraft, played a key role in this early jet development story. The aircraft was also fitted with internal deflatable fuel tanks that give this fighter more flexible fuel options when compared to the [[J29A]].

It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]]. The J29B is must like the J29A, but prepared for ground attack missions, the aircraft has an identical armament but with the addition of rockets (without ballistics computer), it is a force to be recognized in ground battles. Since it is a conversion of a fighter for ground attack missions, it has a very capable flight performance without ordinance, a good strategy is dropping your rockets on easy targets and then changing your mission to air superiority, racking up points and helping your team against enemy CAS.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 993 || 962 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 30.4 || 31.2 || 19.5 || 18.3 || rowspan="2" | 800
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,027 || 1,015 || 28.8 || 29.0 || 31.1 || 25.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 800 || 575 || 350 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 650 || < 640 || < 450 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Svenska Flygmotor RM2 || 1
| colspan="2" | 5,057 kg || colspan="3" | 288 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 33m fuel
|-
| 1,150 kg || colspan="2" | Centrifugal-flow turbojet
| 5,573 kg || 6,089 kg || 6,605 kg || 6,777 kg || 7,080 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 33m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 2,150 kgf || N/A
| 0.39 || 0.35 || 0.33 || 0.32 || 0.30
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 2,150 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.39 || 0.35 || 0.33 || 0.32 || 0.30
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}
[[File:A29B armour.png|thumb|Armour layout for the A29B]]

; Armour

* 64 mm bulletproof canopy windscreen
* 10 mm steel plate behind pilot's seat
* 10 mm steel plate in the nose, in front of pilot

The stout little {{PAGENAME}} is a sneaky little fighter which might be underestimated during a head-on. A 64 mm bulletproof windscreen is in place, which, since it is sloped, provides 165 mm total protection, allowing the pilot to have a greater chance of survival in a head-on. However, unless highly experienced, pilots should avoid head-ons, especially against aircraft such as the [[Super Mystere B2]] and the [[G.91 YS]] which also feature 30 mm DEFA 552 cannons. Make sure to avoid the B2 as well, as the AA.20 air-to-air guided rockets will make the {{PAGENAME}} have a hard time standing up to this aircraft.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Akan m/47C (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm akan m/47C cannons, chin-mounted (180 rpg = 720 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|srak m/55 Frida|psrak m/49A|srak m/51|hprak m/49}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 24 x 7,5 cm srak m/55 Frida rockets
* 14 x 14,5 cm psrak m/49A rockets
* 14 x 15 cm srak m/51 rockets
* 4 x 18 cm hprak m/49 rockets

== Usage in battles ==

The {{PAGENAME}} is armed with 4 x 20 mm Akan m/47C cannons, but still lack a bit of a punch for a fighter. The {{PAGENAME}} has a good top speed but its acceleration is not the quickest. Once it has built up speed it can catch most enemy jets that it will face, but having an altitude advantage to dive on the target will help get that extra acceleration to hunt down targets.

Turning with the {{PAGENAME}} is a bad idea since the plane bleeds speed when turning. Even though the {{PAGENAME}} is good at turning, it can only do so for a small amount of time, before losing enough speed to be easy target for incoming enemies. The {{PAGENAME}}'s strengths are the Hit & Run tactic also known as Boom & Run. Should the {{PAGENAME}} be uptiered against 8.7, it will struggle to keep up with the enemy jets but that will make the {{PAGENAME}} an excellent support fighter: when Allied jets are engaged in combat with the enemy and make that enemy bleed its speed, the {{PAGENAME}} can swoop in and help the teammate.

When taking off with ordnance in RB and Sim modes you must be careful, the {{PAGENAME}} struggles to get off the runway; spooling, pressuring your front landing gear right before you engage flaps, and using flaps are all essential for a safe takeoff in this plane.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High speed in a straight line.
* Powerful cannons with decent ammunition pool and access to very good AA belts.
* Good ordnance selection for ground attack.
* Effective flaps.
* Great turning ability at speed.
* Good roll rate.
* High quantity of rockets which launch individually.

'''Cons:'''

* Slow acceleration.
* Slow climb rate.
* Ineffective Airbrake
* Relatively large target in Ground Battles for SPAA.
* Struggles to get off the runway with some loads.
* Extremely sluggish turning capability at low speed. Will dump speed when turning also.

== History ==

=== Initial development ===
During WWII, Sweden had effectively fallen behind in the development of military aircraft. This was largely due to a severely underdeveloped aircraft engine industry in Sweden which meant that there were no high-end engines available for aircraft production. Thus Sweden was still projecting propeller-driven fighter aircraft in 1945 equivalent to fighters projected by other nations 1-3 years prior. Since it was obvious by 1945 that jet aircraft was the future the Swedish Air Force decided to immediately scrap all propeller-driven fighter projects and instead make the jump to a jet fighter. Sweden's leading aeronautical firm SAAB, who was already actively working with the Swedish Air Force on the previously mentioned propeller fighters, was tasked with projecting this new jet fighter. Several designs were looked at but by mid-1945 it was decided that a mid-high wing aircraft with a central air intake would be the best option. Due to the mid-high wing it was not possible to house the landing gear in the wings. Instead, it was decided to house the landing gear in the fuselage of the aircraft. This concept got the project name R1001, R standing for "reaktionsmotor" (reaction engine), the Swedish military term for jet engines.

The original specifications for the R1001 called for a radar rangefinder, four Bofors 20 mm akan m/45 cannons mounted in the nose with 180 rounds per gun, external fuel tanks and a top speed of 1,000 km/h. The engine was originally supposed to be an indigenous design by the company STAL but by late 1945 Sweden had gotten the green light for acquiring the British "in development" de Havilland Ghost engine. There are several reasons why Sweden was allowed to buy this new powerful engine even before it was finished, but the two main factors were the economic state of Britain after the war and Sweden's good relations with the company de Havilland. The engine was however not the only thing which changed at an early stage. Originally the R1001 featured straight wings, as was common at the time. However, by pure luck Sweden was able to acquire some German WWII research papers from a Swiss source regarding swept wings on aircraft and their increased performance at high speeds. Thus it was decided to change the R1001 design to feature swept wings. The first blueprints of the R1001 featuring swept wings were finished by late 1945 and within 3 years a prototype had been constructed and was ready for flight testing. During these 3 years the design would change even further from the original concept. The radar rangefinder was dropped for unknown reasons, and the Bofors cannons were switched for Hispano designs due to delays at Bofors. By 1947 the aircraft had also received the designation J29.

=== Testing and production ===
The J29 prototype flew for the first time on the 1st of September 1948 and immediately showed incredible performance. The pilot chosen for this flight was SAAB's test pilot at the time, an Englishmen by the name Robert A. "Bob" Moore. He was a British squadron leader with previous experience flying jets and was thus suitable for the tests. The test flight lasted for half an hour and after a successful landing, Moore stated that "on the ground, it's an ugly duckling, but in the air it's a swift." Like many aircraft which pick up a nickname due to a specific feature or shape, the J29 would fairly quickly receive the nickname "Flygande Tunnan" (The Flying Barrel) or just "Tunnan" (The Barrel) for short. Initially thought of as degrading, the nickname Tunnan would not only become the official name for the aircraft but would also start the SAAB tradition of naming their combat aircraft, a tradition which persists to this day.

After correcting a few production errors the prototype would not only achieve the specified top speed of 1,000 km/h but it would even surpass it, achieving a sustainable speed of 1,060 km/h at one point. The design of the J29 showed a lot of promise for the future and talk of future variants would begin even before production had started. In fact, just a month after the prototype had taken to the air, there was talk of implementing attack-rockets and deflatable internal fuel tanks.

Production of the first J29 variant, the J29A, would commence in 1950 and deliveries to the air force would start in early 1951. It was quickly realized that the internal fuel capacity of the J29A was too limited and work began on implementing the previously discussed internal deflatable fuel tanks. This would be realized in a new version of the J29, designated J29B, which entered production and service in 1953. The J29B's new internal fuel tanks gave it a 50% increase in fuel capacity compared to the J29A. The J29B would be followed by an unarmed reconnaissance version called the S29C which had been planned at an early stage. The S29C was to be followed by the [[J29D]], featuring increased armament and an afterburner, but due to a variety of reasons the J29D never entered production. Instead, a modified version of the J29B, called the J29E, would enter service. The E-variant featured a new dog toothed wing which increased manoeuvrability at high speeds. The J29E was soon followed by the [[J29F]] which was an upgrade-program for 210 J29B and E aircraft, increasing their performance and allowing them to serve throughout the 1960s.

All in all, 661 J29s would be produced for the Swedish Air Force, the largest production run by SAAB ever. The last of these would serve until the late 1970s.

=== Legacy ===
The J29 was a truly historical wonder for its time. After being stranded for the duration of the war, Sweden managed to not only catch up with modern aircraft development in a short amount of time but it was also able to lead jet fighter development in Europe for the time and arguably even into modern times. The J29 was the first swept-wing jet fighter to be mass-produced in Europe and together with the Soviet [[MiG-15]] and American [[F-86A-5|F-86]] it set the bar for how the next generation of fighter aircraft should be. It was extremely fast for its time and actually managed to take home two closed-circuit world speed records during the mid 1950s.

Besides its international legacy, the J29 was the first Swedish-designed aircraft to see combat. In September 1961, as part of the Congo-crisis, five J29Bs were stationed in the Republic of Congo to contribute to a UN peacekeeping mission (ONUC) in the region. This led to the formation of the air wing F 22 which exclusively served in Congo. F 22 was later reinforced by four more J29Bs and two S29C reconnaissance planes in 1962. F 22 would quickly take air superiority in the area which in turn lead to them primarily performing attack-missions during the conflict. No aircraft were lost during the ONUC despite large amounts of ground fire. When the ONUC was terminated in 1964, the aircraft-type had been decommissioned in Sweden and thus it was decided to only send home a select few J29s to Sweden. The majority of the F 22 J29s were blown up on the spot in Congo when the Swedish left the area.

=== A29B ===
Between 1953 and 1955, SAAB would produce and deliver 361 J29Bs to the Swedish air force. These would come to serve in the Swedish air force up until the early 1960s.

As mentioned previously the J29B was fitted with new internal deflatable fuel tanks and these were located in the inner wings. This gave the J29Bs ~50% more fuel than its older brother the J29A. The J29B could also equip two under wing drop tanks weighing up to 600 kg each, which increased the range even further. Interestingly the drop tanks could also be armed as incendiary bombs via a switch box in the cockpit. Beyond drop tanks the aircraft were also capable of carrying a wide variety of rockets for different missions.

Due to delays with the [[A32A]]-development, the J29B would initially serve as an attack aircraft, being designated as the A29B. While rockets were available for the [[J29A]] it was decided to use the J29B as an attack aircraft due to it being a new aircraft type which could be sent directly to the attack wings. There they would stay until 1957 when the A32A finally entered service. Afterwards, they served as regular fighters under the designation J29B.

In Sweden, the J29B would be used until 1963 when the type was ultimately decommissioned due to being obsolete. However a large sum of J29Bs had by this time been upgraded to J29F standards, and these would serve until 1978.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_j29b Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|cA2trc70PHw|'''Is this the WORST JET in WT? J/A29B - Sweden''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[SAAB 29 Tunnan (Family)]]

;Similar aircraft

* [[F-84 (Family)]]
* [[Me 262 A-1a]]
* [[Attacker FB 1]] / [[Attacker FB.2]]
* [[A28B]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Saab_29_Tunnan|[Wikipedia] Saab 29 Tunnan]]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden jet aircraft}}

J21A-1

2024-06-27T03:47:16Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = Swedish fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = J21 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_j21a_1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_saab_j21a_1.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The SAAB 21 rose from the drawing board in anticipation of World War 2. The development of this aircraft came with the need to develop a national fighter without having to rely on foreign designs like the Re.2000 and CR.42/ The Saab 21's unique twin-boom layout, offering exceptional pilot visibility and easy maintenance, was chosen and fitted with a modified German Daimler-Benz DB 605 engine. Despite missing wartime action, the Saab 21 remained relevant, with over 300 produced to bolster Sweden's air defenses.

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]] along with the initial Swedish air tree.

The J21A-1 is the first production series SAAB 21, quite sluggish but a heavily durable fighter. It has a top speed of 640 km/h, courtesy of the Daimler-Benz DB-605B engine; however, the speed and manoeuvrability are not the most impressive characteristics of the aircraft: it's the weaponry it comes armed with. A total of four 13.2 mm [[Akan m/39A (13.2 mm)|Akan m/39A]] and a 20 mm [[Akan m/41A (20 mm)|Akan m/41A]] makes it a heavy firepower-reliant fighter able to eliminate any enemy aircraft with ease.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The J21 series is arguably the most iconic propeller-engined aircraft to ever come out of Sweden. For the time, they were underpowered, slow aircraft that were outclassed by nearly all opponents it could have faced. Its distinctive twin-boom, rear-engined fascia is easy to recognize and its performance is nothing to scoff at either, though the climb rate is poor and the engine overheats quickly when using WEP. The [[Akan m/39A (13.2 mm)|Akan m/39A]]'s are some of the most effective non-cannon aircraft weaponry in the game, boasting superior aspects to even the famed [[M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|M2 Browning]], specifically in terms of raw stopping power and muzzle velocity. The [[Akan m/41A (20 mm)|Akan m/41A]]'s are quite powerful as well. The challenge for the pilot is to manoeuvre this aircraft into a solid shooting solution which can be difficult especially against more agile aircraft. Although suffering from a relatively low rip speed, skilled and new pilots can use this somewhat to their advantage, mainly by diving on opponents and climbing again, although this shouldn't be attempted at extreme speeds.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,300 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 616 || 599 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.0 || 21.9 || 12.6 || 12.6 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 666 || 640 || 19.0 || 20.0 || 19.0 || 15.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 445 || 425 || 325 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 450 || < 390 || < 420 || > 715
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
[[File:J21 Armour Plating.png|450px|thumb|right|Protective components found in the '''{{PAGENAME}}'''.]]
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 10 mm steel - Firewall armour plate
* 10 mm steel - Firewall cover armour plate
* 10 mm steel - Pilot's back armour plate
* 60 mm bulletproof glass
* Engine fire system (EFS)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Akan m/41A (20 mm)|Akan m/39A (13.2 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm Akan m/41A cannon, nose-mounted (140 rpg)
* 2 x 13.2 mm Akan m/39A machine guns, nose-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)
* 2 x 13.2 mm Akan m/39A machine guns, wing-mounted (325 rpg = 650 total)

The automatkanon m/41A is essentially a slower firing [[Hispano 404 (20 mm)|Hispano 404]] with more ammunition, with all the advantages and disadvantages that come with it. While one might think that the slower firing speed is a disadvantage, it is just high enough to still be effective and is very beneficial for conserving ammunition. When stock, the cannon is very inaccurate and overheats quickly, but becomes quite accurate after modifications.

The complimentary automatkanon m/39A heavy machine guns are, as mentioned previously, arguably the best non-cannon weapons in the game. Their high muzzle velocity, very high fire rate and reasonable accuracy allow them to saturate the sky with lead. The higher calibre of 13.2 mm allows for more stopping power than the typical 12.7 mm and converts them from just being a nuisance to a threat to be heeded. It is interesting to note that due to their HEF-T rounds, they technically fall under the category of "cannon", as normally exploding rounds typically start at 20 mm.

== Usage in battles ==


For pilots just beginning to learn this aircraft's flight characteristics, it is best used as a support aircraft, it is too slow to take into dives reliably and suffers from Yak-like rip speeds, without any of the benefits that the Yaks have in agility. For pilots with more experience, you can successfully push this aircraft to its limits and beyond and eliminate lesser experienced pilots in more agile aircraft or even other more experienced pilots through strong counter-manoeuvres.

Climb to about 1,000 m then use boom and zoom tactics to pick on enemies. Due to the powerful nose-mounted armaments, head-ons are quite easy.

==== Specific Enemies Worth Noting: ====

* [[P-47D-25]]/[[P-47D-28|28]] - The high-speed Thunderbolts are a menace in any game mode. They are some of the fastest things in the bracket and sport an octet of the late M2 Brownings that will set you ablaze in a few short bursts. While they are already quick at medium altitudes, they become even faster at high altitudes, easily blitzing past the poor J21. However, they have incredibly poor turn rates and climb just as badly. The go-to tactic versus a P-47 is to turn with it in order to get on its tail then shred it with your guns.
* [[M.B.157]] - The 157 is one of the worst enemies you can come across as it is basically a Thunderbolt that can turn and climb. Its ludicrous speed along with excellent climb rate and its above-average manoeuvrability make for an enemy that you cannot face in a 1-on-1. Your best bet is to try to head-on it if you can manage to do so. The one Achilles heel of the 157 is its low ammunition count, so try to get it to waste as much ammo as possible before it needs to disengage. At this point, you can either try to gun it down or attempt to regain altitude so you may catch it later.
* [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109 F series]] - The F series of Bf 109s are noteworthy adversaries whose strengths change with the model. The F-1 and F-2 will turn better than you and climb quite as well as you do. the F-4 is almost a hard counter depending on if it runs gunpods. Without gunpods, the F-4 outspeeds, outclimbs, outturns and outaccelerates the J21, outclassing it in every way. But since most F-4s carry gunpods, their decreased performance helps even the odds. Boom & Zoom the F-1 and F-2, head on the F-4 only as a last resort.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very stable, does not stall in level flight even with the throttle set to zero
* Engine protected from head-on attacks
* Highly effective and accurate armament layout that will tear through enemies like paper
* Can take quite a few hits and still fly reasonably well
* Very high energy retention
* Easy to land thanks to its tricycle landing gear
* Rear-mounted engine are less prone to take damage in head-ons

'''Cons:'''

* Pusher aircraft, engine mounted facing rear, can be hit by tailing aircraft
* Fuel tanks can take damage if you pull up from a dive on an enemy plane
* Required to set convergence due to wing-mounted machine guns
* Agility is quite poor, it is subpar to most aircraft
* Engine overheats during takeoff and during flight at WEP even with full modifications
* Very low rip speed - cannot push past 640 km/h (400 mph) without threatening to rip off wings
* The back of the aircraft is quite weak and most enemy fighters if they get behind will be able to destroy it causing you to spin out and crash

== History ==

The SAAB 21 is a twin-boom pusher fighter and attacker designed by the famed Swedish engineer Frid Wänström, who also worked on the SAAB 29 ''Tunnan'', 32 ''Lansen'', 35 ''Draken'' and 37 ''Viggen''. In the anticipation and wake of World War 2, Sweden was concerned over its neutrality policy coming under threat by the other European countries, specifically hostile ones such as Nazi Germany. In order to deter belligerent forces and potential aggressors, the Swedish Air Force created a major plan to modernize their fleet, which included the import of foreign models such as the Italian [[J11|CR.42]] and [[J20|Re.2000]] as a stopgap measure.

Meanwhile, Swedish corporation SAAB began studying designs for the possible development of a new, high-performance fighter aircraft. Most of the designs were based around the Bristol Taurus two-row 14 cylinder radial engine developing around 1,000~1,100 horsepower. The most promising design was a twin-boom pusher layout and made use of many new features unfamiliar to the SAAB technicians and engineers at the time, but was able to compete with the other fighter aircraft at the time while also maintaining several advantages such as a heavy amount of nose-mounted armament and superior pilot visibility, along with ease of maintenance. The design was kept dormant until 41, as Sweden was beginning to see that it would not be able to procure improved foreign models as a result of the war, they started another rearmament program to adopt advanced indigenous fighter aircraft.

Accordingly, SAAB blew the dust off of their old twin-boom design and set to work. Earlier on, it was decided to replace the Bristol Taurus with an American Pratt-&-Whitney Twin Wasp, but this was changed when the engine manufacturer ''Svenska'' was requested to provide an alternative engine, which was difficult due to the time constraints. Thus, they decided that a licensed engine would be the best course of action. The legendary German Daimler-Benz DB 605 that powered many famous designs was chosen and modified to fit Swedish needs. Three prototypes were completed and its maiden flight was completed in 1942.

The type was delivered in 1945, and a total of 300 models were produced.

=== [[wt:en/news/6530-development-saab-j21a-1-nordic-exotic-en|Devblog]] ===
In 1941, Sweden started a domestic rearmament program in order to bolster the strength of its armed forces in an effort to ensure its neutrality during the ongoing war. Among the branches intended for reinforcement was the Swedish Air Force, which up until this point had mainly been operating foreign, partially outdated aircraft.

The SAAB company had already been working on a design study for a modern fighter aircraft since the early 1940s. Their project had a rather unorthodox design - a single-engine, twin-boom aircraft in a pusher configuration. With the arrival of the 1941 rearmament program, sparking a great interest for domestic aircraft production, SAAB began working on refining their design for mass production.

After further work, three full prototypes were constructed for testing, two of which were fully functional. In July 1943, the prototype of the SAAB 21 first took to the skies for its maiden flight. Production of the SAAB 21 began some time after its maiden flight, with the first aircraft reaching their units in December 1945.

Overall, over 50 J21A-1s were produced before production of the first model stopped by December 1946. In total however, close to 300 piston-engined J21s of all variants were produced before the production run of the type ended in 1949.

Due to the J21's introduction to service coinciding with the dawn of the jet age, the type didn't remain in active service for too long. In fact, the J21 was retired in 1954 - some ten years after its initial introduction - and its only operator remains the Swedish Air Force.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_j21a_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:J21A-1 WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:J21A-1 WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:J21A-1 WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:J21A-1 WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:J21A-1 WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:J21A-1 WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
File:J21A-1 WTWallpaper 007.jpg|
File:J21A-1 WTWallpaper 008.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|F2XyFpa4YEE|'''The King from Above! J21A-1 - Sweden - Review!!''' - ''Jengar''|f_fK6YbMH_Y|'''THE Must-Have Swedish Plane: J21A-1''' - ''Spit_flyer''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[J21 (Family)]]

;Aircraft of comparable role and configuration

* [[S.O.8000 Narval]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6530-development-saab-j21a-1-nordic-exotic-en|[Devblog] SAAB J21A-1: Nordic Exotic]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/474726-saab-j21a-1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden fighters}}

Centauro I 105 R

2024-06-26T16:52:50Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = Italian light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Centauro (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_b1_centauro_romor
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

Following the development of the Centauro I 105, the Italian army set up a competition for an ERA package for Centauro units placed in Somalia. British Royal Ordnance designed the ROMOR-A to be fitted for the Centauro units in Italian service. 10 units where sent to Somalia to be directly attached to the vehicles while other 10 where sent to Italy for further testing, the upgrade was a success mainly to the easiness of use of the ROMOR-A ERA package, being easy to attach midfield.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]]. The Centauro I 105 ROMOR is the same as the original Centauri I 105 but with the addition of ROMOR-A ERA, this means increased protection against HEAT and HE warheads, however it does not change the playstyle of the vehicle in almost any way. It is still very easy to destroy with APFDSDS or APDS ammunition from regular tanks guns or autocannons. Use this vehicle as a sniper, using its mobility and agility to your advantage, it has access to a powerful 105mm cannon with good APFSDS ammunition as well as first generation thermal sight for the gunner for easier target acquisition.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The Centauro I 105 R, like its B1 base variant, prioritizes speed and mobility at the expense of armour and protection. It tries to rectify the lack of armour through angling of armour plates and the ROMOR-A ERA. The hull is a high-hardness monocoque fashioned from rolled homogeneous armour of varying thicknesses depending of the plate. The turret is very much the same as the hull, with a low profile cupola for both the gunner and commander. Additionally, the turret has 15 mm of rolled homogeneous armour added to the top of the turret, increasing total thickness to roughly 30 mm of armour on the roof. The driver is separated from the engine via an 8 mm thick partition. This partition, if penetrated, will create extra internal shrapnel. The position of the radiator directly below the upper front plate adds extra protection as it has a chance of absorbing or bouncing kinetic penetrators.

The main feature which separates the ROMOR from the base B1 Centauro is obviously the addition of ROMOR-A ERA, which has increased protection again chemical weapons. The ERA is bolted to the turret cheeks/sides and the sides of the chassis. There are significantly more panels on the left side of the hull and right side of the turret. The ERA, which is a reactive element sandwiched between 2 metal plates, offers 30 mm of protection against kinetic rounds and 300 mm against chemical rounds. Despite the armour and the addition of the ERA, the Centauro I 105 R can only effectively stop rounds up to a diameter of 14.5 mm. Most chemical rounds at the rank with a diameter greater than 100 mm will knock out the Centauro in one shot due to the [[Damage mechanics#Overpressure|overpressure damage]].

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour - Main
* ROMOR-A - ERA

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 15 mm (80°) ''Upper Glacis'' 35 mm (45°) ''Lower Glacis'' || 25 mm || 20 mm || 10 - 20 mm
|-
| Turret ||25 mm (19°) ''Turret front'' 40 mm (6°-56°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 25 mm || 15+15 mm ''Left section'' 15 mm ''Right section'' || 15 + 15 mm ''Front'' 15 mm ''Rear''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* The wheels and suspension bars are 10 mm thick.
*The rear of the turret is covered with 5 mm of structural steel.
* There are also interior 8 mm armour plates between the engine and the crew compartment.
* The driver viewport is a weak spot as it is the only place where the inner armour does not overlap with the external armour. It is a small spot though.
* ROMOR-A has protection against 30 mm of kinetic rounds and 300 mm against chemical rounds.
* The ROMOR-A ERA does not cover the entire sides of the hull and turret, only significant portions:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Additional armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear
|-
| Hull || N/A || 10 mm + ROMOR-A ERA Rear ''Hull Sides'' || 20 mm ''Hull Rear''
|-
| Turret || 10 mm + ROMOR-A ERA ''Turret Cheeks'' || 10 mm + ROMOR-A ERA ''Turret Sides'' || 5 mm ''Turret Rear''
|-
|}

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=806|rbMinHp=460}}

The {{PAGENAME}} has an advanced powertrain and engine system. The vehicle is powered by an IVECO 8662 Turbocharged V6 aftercooled diesel engine mated to an automatic transmission with five forward gears and 2 reverse gears. In-game it provides 460 HP at 2,400 RPM stock and 520 HP at 2,400 RPM fully upgraded. The drivetrain is single differential twin shaft design in an H-style configuration. This system allows the Centauro I 105 R to reach a speed of up to 110 km/h on roads and solid surfaces. On more difficult terrain like snow, mud, and sand, the speed and acceleration of the Centauro are decreased drastically due to a loss of traction. Each wheel on the Centauro is independently suspended via hydro-pneumatic suspension which provides a smooth ride for the crew and allows the gun to maintain stability even at high speeds over rough terrain. All wheels are equipped with disc brakes which allow the Centauro to decrease speed quickly and get gun on target. While steering, the first, second and fourth wheel turn according to input. This allows for a tight turn radius of 9 m. These features give the Centauro the ability to move quickly and fire accurately on the move, often surprising unsuspecting enemies.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is equipped with the mean 105 mm OTO-Melara 105/52 with a two-plane stabiliser. The cannon is similar to other NATO-style 105 mm cannons like the L7A3 found on German vehicles and the American M68. A such, it fires standard NATO ammunition like M456 HEATFS. In comparison to the previous model of the Centauro, the {{PAGENAME}} fields APFSDS rounds, an all-new round for the AFV. While the HEATFS can penetrate most vehicles, the APFSDS rounds are a sure bet to destroy almost any tank. The kinetic rounds are basically guaranteed to penetrate or knock out any tank that may be seen at its BR. Depending on the round fired, the round has very little to no bullet drop. The gun is accurate and easy to aim. Though the cannon may be lacking slightly in depression, the effectiveness of the gun more than makes up for it.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)|105 mm OTO Melara 105/52]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 40 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+16° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 21.7 || 30.0 || 36.5 || 40.3 || 42.9 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 13.6 || 16.0 || 19.4 || 21.4 || 22.8
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)/Ammunition|M456, M416, M393A2, M735, DM33}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Centauro.jpg|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the [[Centauro I 105]] (identical).]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || 29 ''(+11)'' || 17 ''(+23)'' || 12 ''(+28)'' || 1 ''(+39)''|| No
|-
|}
Notes:

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Racks 3 and 4 are first stage ammo racks. They totals 16 shells and get filled first when loading up the tank.
* These racks are also emptied early: the rack depletion order at full capacity is: 4 - 3 - 1 - 2.
* Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1-2 into rack 4 then 3. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready racks.

The {{PAGENAME}} has four ammo racks. Two are located in the rear of the hull while one ready rack is in the rear of the turret and the other ready rack on the right side of the gunner. None of them is in wet storage or has blowout panels. If the ammo is hit by a penetrating shot, it has a high chance of exploding and killing all your turret crew.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|Beretta MG42/59 (7.62 mm)}}

The Centauro I 105 R is equipped with two 7.62 mm Beretta MG42/59 machine guns with a high rate of fire. One machine gun is coaxial and operates on the same axes as the main cannon. The other machine gun is mounted to the left of the commander's cupola and moves independently from the rest of the turret. This gives it a 360-degree rotation. These machine guns can sometimes be effective against helicopters and slow-moving planes, but a large number of bullets are required to take down these targets. Otherwise, the machine guns are ineffective against armoured targets such as enemy tanks and IFVs. They can be used to take down foliage and light obstructions in order to clean lines of travel or sight. If fired at an enemy turret it has the potential to obscure the gunner's view, making it harder for the enemy to shoot you. Otherwise, the machine guns are unremarkable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Beretta MG42/59 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Beretta MG42/59]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,600 (200) || 801 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (200) || 801 || -8°/+20° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Centauro's wheeled configuration offers a highly mobile anti-tank gameplay. Though this movement flexibility comes with the loss of armour protection, hence the preferred gameplay tactics of the Centauro's commander should be based on speedy stealth flanking strikes or reconnaissance (scouting) with a sharp emphasis on sniping.

This focus on the sniper role is because the vehicle is fast. The ERA might protect against this, however, it is not completely reliable so avoiding a hit is the best opportunity. The mobility and the acceleration are also slightly limited with the addition of the ERA armour, making it harder to crest ridges and hills; make sure to achieve enough high-speed to escalate some obstacles, on maps like the rocky [[Emperors Garden Map|Japan]].

The large size and lack of neutral steering make it difficult to engage in close-quarters combat in urban scenarios. Hence those brawling situations should be avoided at all costs. Holding a corner is not regularly viable in this vehicle either, due to the turret being located in the rear and the large chassis hindering any shoot-and-scoot, unless in reverse.

The ROMOR's players could use the high-speed performance to get an early cap on some maps like [[Maginot Line (Ground Forces)|Maginot line]] or perhaps staying behind protection in a more compacted map doing support and scouting. If this does not sound like fun, a rushing early flanking manoeuvre will grant possibilities; on maps like the exceptionally flank-adequate [[Battle of Hurtgen Forest (Ground Forces)|Hürtgen Forest]].

{{Notice|Don't overlook the advantageous roads available on most maps, they drastically increase the acceleration}}

==== Sniping ====
The APFSDS rounds distinguish the tank destroying capabilities and allow to more easily penetrate highly armoured targets like Soviet heavy tanks as the mighty [[IS-7]], even at long range. The gunner thermals and laser rangefinder further concede the Centauro I 105 R one plentiful sniper capacity; entire sectors of the map can be guarded while being a sniper.

This role can be put into effect on the largest maps because they possess enough land for manoeuvres. Although the ideal environment will also spare some visual covers like forests, rocks or houses - This visual protection is also crucial against enemy helicopters and aircraft. The availability of an LWS gives the ROMOR an anticipated chance to hide or fight back any threat when being a sniper.

==== Flanker ====
In most maps, frontal engagements should be avoided, as the tank configuration together with insufficient gun depression will not be satisfactory. This side-approach often rewards with several unsuspecting enemies, and with a second chance if any tank hits the ROMOR from the side, as the elongated and spacious hull might require finishing APFSDS shots.

The early module research could be improved by flanking, as this takes the Centauro away from the focus of the battle; particularly if the players struggle with the HEAT shell. Once a sabot shell has been researched, sniping can be executed more effectively.

==== Support/Scouting ====
On speed-inhibiting maps like [[Berlin (Ground Forces)|Berlin]], a supporting or scouting role is highly beneficial for the ROMOR. The availability of smoke charges, thermal imaging, artillery and scouting ability is crucial in these narrow confrontations; and this Centauro is pretty well equipped for it. Even the HESH rounds and their low velocity might result handy when attacking over slopes or obstacles.

This usage on battle is different from a possible brawling playstyle as the idea is to transmit the enemy armour location to allied MBTs like the [[Leopard 1A5 (Italy)|Leopards]] and the [[Ariete (Family)|Ariete]] not to fight those targets directly, due to the awkward mobility and reduced targeting of the Centauro in close quarters.

With the smoke shells, any smart player can hold enemy advances or hinder enemy positions while defending a zone or street, allowing brawling tanks to advance.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Added ERA improves protection against HESH and chemical-based munitions
* APFSDS offers improved penetration in comparison to APDS ammunition
* Extremely mobile
* Night vision devices and generation 1 gunner thermals

'''Cons:'''

* ERA increases the weight of the vehicle, slightly decreasing mobility
* Little to no protection against most projectiles
* Prone to overpressure damage from large-calibre chemical shells
* Large size
* Easily destroyed by planes and helicopters
* No smoke grenades

== History ==

Development of the B1 Centauro began during the 1980s after the Italian Army issued a set of requirements for a new vehicle that would have equivalent firepower to the Leopard 1 MBT in Italian service at the time, but with greater combat mobility and the ability to reach greater points of strategic control.

In response to this, the Italian companies Fiat, Iveco and Oto Melara joined forces in a consortium to begin developing the vehicle requested by the Italian Army. In this joint venture, Fiat and Iveco were developing the vehicle's hull and power supply, whilst Oto Melara took care of the vehicle's turret and weapon systems.

In 1986, the final prototype of the B1 Centauro project was unveiled on Sardinia. The presented vehicle was an eight-wheeled lightly armoured tank destroyer, equipped with a derived modification of the L7 105 mm cannon, capable of reaching a very high top speed and covering large distances under its own power.

Impressed by the B1 Centauro, the Italian Military placed orders for a number of vehicles, going in production in 1991 with the first ones entering service as early as 1992. In 1993 following a competition between firms to develop an ERA package for Centauros based in Somalia, British Royal Ordnance designed the ROMOR-A ERA armour set. 10 sets of the ERA armour were sent directly to Somalia to equip the Centauro's stationed there and 10 sets to Italy for further testing. The ROMOR-A ERA has the unique advantage of being easy to attach in the field, having no risk of exploding when handled, and only being triggered by large projectiles. These factors gave the Italian army significant flexibility in the application of the ERA.

B1 Centauros took part in most major conflicts that defined the '90s and early 2000s, most notably in former Yugoslavia, Somalia, Iraq, Afghanistan and others. Apart from the Italian Army, other noteworthy operators of the Centauro include Spain, which produced licensed copies, Jordan and Oman.

Around 400 B1 Centauros were built until 2006, including some other derived modifications of the vehicle filling other roles. The B1 Centauro still serves with the Italian as well as other armed forces to this day.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_b1_centauro_romor Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|07oqg8OOJ2M|'''Type 16 vs Centauro ROMOR''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Radkampfwagen 90]]
* [[Rooikat 105]]
* [[Type 16]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5922-development-b1-centauro-the-wheeled-cheetah-en|[Devblog] B1 Centauro: The Wheeled Cheetah]]
* [[Wikipedia:B1_Centauro|[Wikipedia] B1 Centauro]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/modern/Italy/B1-Centauro.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> B1 Centauro IFV (1986)]
* [https://www.armyrecognition.com/italian_army_italy_wheeled_and_armoured_vehicle_uk/centauro_b1_105mm_wheeled_anti-tank_armoured_vehicle_technical_data_sheet_specifications_pictures.html <nowiki>[Army Recognition]</nowiki> Centauro 105mm Anti-tank armoured vehicle]

{{TankManufacturer OTO Melara}}
{{Italy light tanks}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

Centauro I 105

2024-06-26T16:38:05Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = Italian light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Centauro (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_b1_centauro
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The Centauro I 105, developed in the 1980s by a consortium of Italian firms, addressed the Italian Army's need for a fast and maneuverable tank destroyer matching the firepower of their Leopard 1 MBTs. The Centauro, it featured a 105mm cannon on an eight-wheeled chassis. The final prototype was unveiled in 1986 and finally entered service in 1992 and saw action in numerous conflicts. Over 400 were built, with some variants serving alongside the original design to this day.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]]. The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a fast and powerful light tank around its BR, although it lacks armour, it compensates this with the ability to change positions quickly, overwhelming your opponents. To deal with enemy tanks, it has a 105 mm OTO Melara cannon with good APFSDS ammunition, for target acquisition it has access to first generation thermal sight for the gunner, while this system is quite bad at long ranges, it is good enough and makes easier finding targets in the night, specially against enemies without any kind of thermal sight. The vehicle does suffer from a poor turret rotation speed, a mediocre reload rate, and a poor gun depression due to the turret placement.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


The {{PAGENAME}} has little armour but enough to trigger the fuse in APHE type projectiles. The lack of armour makes this vehicle very agile.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret)
* Wheel (tires)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 15 mm (80°) ''Upper Glacis'' 35 mm (45°) ''Lower Glacis'' || 25 mm (47°) ''Top'' 25 mm (0-28°) ''Bottom'' || 20 mm (21°) || 15 mm (20°) ''Front glacis'' 20 mm ''Crew compartment'' 10 mm ''Engine vent''
|-
|Turret || 25 mm (19°)''Turret front'' 40 mm (6°-51°-56°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 25 mm (18°) || 15+15 mm (12°) ''Left section'' 15 mm ''Right section'' 10 mm (85°) ''Turret overhang''|| 15+15 mm (5°) ''Front'' 15 mm ''Rear''
|}
'''Notes:'''

* The wheels and suspension bars are 10 mm thick.
* The rear of the turret is covered with 5 mm of structural steel.
* Additionally to the external armour, an armour plate is also found inside the vehicle:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Spaced Armour !! Front (Slope angle)
|-
| Hull || 8 mm (except driver view port)
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* The engine is separated from the driver position and the crew compartment by a RHA armour plate.
* The driver viewport is a weak spot as it is the only place where the inner armour does not overlap with the external armour. It is a small spot though.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=806|rbMinHp=460}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)|105 mm OTO Melara 105/52]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 40 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+16° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 21.7 || 30.0 || 36.5 || 40.3 || 42.9 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 13.6 || 16.0 || 19.4 || 21.4 || 22.8
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)/Ammunition|M456, M416, M393A2, M735, DM23}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || 29 ''(+11)'' || 17 ''(+23)'' || 12 ''(+28)'' || 1 ''(+39)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Racks 3 and 4 are first stage ammo racks. They totals 16 shells and get filled first when loading up the tank.
* These racks are also emptied early: the rack depletion order at full capacity is: 4 - 3 - 1 - 2.
* Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1-2 into rack 4 then 3. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready racks.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|Beretta MG42/59 (7.62 mm)}}

Secondary weapons are a 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun, and another 7.62 mm machine gun on the roof for anti-aircraft purposes.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Beretta MG42/59 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Beretta MG42/59]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,600 (200) || 801 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (200) || 801 || -8°/+20° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

With a top speed of 110 km/h, a two-plane stabilizer, and access to thermals and HEAT-FS, the Centauro is truly a jack of all trades. This AFV can fill a variety of roles with frightening efficiency.

'''As a sniper'''

In a sniping role, the Centauro has two primary advantages: it has access to HEAT-FS, and it has thermal imaging. The HEAT-FS round has good velocity and is often more than enough to deal significant damage to any poor enemy tank that enters your gunsights. The thermal imaging mod allows you to pick out targets and countersnipe like nobody's business, letting you be able to dominate the battlefield for your team.

'''As a flanker'''

As a flanker, the Centauro's lightning fast speed and two-plane stabilizer allows this AFV to quickly obliterate unaware enemy tanks and move on before anyone notices. This deadly combo makes the Centauro one of, if not ''the best'' vehicle for flanking in the entire game. A resourceful Centauro player can often make use of their low profile and fast speed to quickly break through enemy lines and wreck havoc on tunnel-visioned snipers.

'''As a Quick Response Force'''

The Centauro's fast speed and very deadly gun, along with its aforementioned stabilizer and thermals also make it a very good choice for a QRF, ''especially'' on maps covered mostly in asphalt, like Cargo Port, American Desert, or Alaska, to name a few. The fast speed of the Centauro allows to to quickly move to a capture point or to kill a pesky spawncamping Rooikat at a moments notice, and its two-plane stabilizer and thermal imaging lets it quickly find and dispatch its target.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Easily the fastest and most agile tank compared to its contemporary competitors
* Excellent reverse speed of 40 km/h
* Has a two-plane gun stabiliser
* High penetration on the HEATFS rounds (400 mm)
* One of the best top speeds in the game (110 km/h)
* Decent reload time, 8.7 seconds when stock, 7.7 with expert crew + all reloading skills, and 6.7 seconds with an aced crew
* Three types of ammunition available (APFSDS, HEATFS, HESH)
* Upper plate will occasionally bounce incoming shells due to its angle, even HEATFS and HESH!
* Has access to smoke grenades and smoke shells
* Low silhouette
* Hard to destroy in a single shot due to crew placement
* Can perform a wide variety of roles, ranging from support, sniper and QRF
* Has thermal sights, very advantageous at the rank
* A group of well-coordinated players in Centauros are unstoppable
* Classified as a tank destroyer, making spawn costs cheaper in RB and SB
* Thermal imaging is a tier 1 mod, allowing you to unlock it immediately

'''Cons:'''

* Lacking in armour department, every gun can penetrate it including SPAA
* Vulnerable to overpressure damage (HE shells, rochets, missiles, bombs, artillery strikes)
* Turret traverse is slow compared to other vehicles at the same battle rating such at the [[T95E1]], [[BMP-2]], and [[Warrior]] which you will face often
* Poor accuracy at a medium-long range when stock
* Doesn't come with stock HESH; has to be researched
* No explosive-filler shells (eg APHE, APCB)
* HEATFS does not shrapnel well

== History ==

Development of the B1 Centauro began during the 1980s after the Italian Army issued a set of requirements for a new vehicle that would have equivalent firepower to the Leopard 1 MBT in Italian service at the time, but with greater combat mobility.

In response to this, the Italian companies Fiat, Iveco and Oto Melara joined forces to begin developing the vehicle requested by the Italian Army. In this joint venture, Fiat and Iveco were developing the vehicle's hull and power supply, whilst Oto Melara took care of the vehicle's turret and weapon systems.

In 1986, the final prototype of the B1 Centauro project was unveiled on Sardinia. The presented vehicle was an eight-wheeled lightly armoured tank destroyer, equipped with a derived modification of the L7 105mm cannon, capable of reaching a very high top speed and covering large distances under its own power.

Impressed by the B1 Centauro, the Italian Military placed orders for a number of vehicles, with the first ones entering service as early as 1992. Early on in its service life, the Centauro received an ERA upgrade package that allowed for the installation of [[Centauro ROMOR|ROMOR ERA]] packs on the vehicle's hull and turret sides as well as rear.

B1 Centauros took part in most major conflicts that defined the '90s and early 2000s, most notably in former Yugoslavia, Somalia, Iraq, Afghanistan and others. Apart from the Italian Army, other noteworthy operators of the Centauro include Spain, Jordan and Oman.

Around 400 B1 Centauros were built until 2006, including some other derived modifications of the vehicle filling other roles. The B1 Centauro still serves with the Italian as well as other armed forces to this day.

''- From [[wt:en/news/5922-development-b1-centauro-the-wheeled-cheetah-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_b1_centauro Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|chjZ6Hra--c|'''Best wheeled tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 05:19 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|i6UxXDaqcLI|'''Why would someone want to play usual tanks if we have this one? {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''HowToPlay1337''|3-ebe29V-68|'''{{PAGENAME}} - When The First Game Is Just Right''' - ''Napalmratte''|q-a9MXzpDEk|'''The Shooting Range #134''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:35 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|KpWGXcI9PQc|'''The Shooting Range #129''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:48 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Rooikat Mk.1D]]
* [[PTL02]]
* [[WMA301]]
* [[AMX-10RC]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5922-development-b1-centauro-the-wheeled-cheetah-en|[Devblog] B1 Centauro: The Wheeled Cheetah]]
* [[Wikipedia:B1_Centauro|[Wikipedia] B1 Centauro]]

{{TankManufacturer OTO Melara}}
{{Italy light tanks}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

M109G (Italy)

2024-06-26T16:30:41Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project /* Usage in Battles */ Section Done

{{About
|about = tank destroyer '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage = other versions
|link = M109 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_m109g
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The M109, an American-designed self-propelled howitzer, replaced the M44 in the US army in 1961. Italy received M44s post-war as US aid, however with further negotiations Italy later acquired M109s, upgrading some to the M109L standard with OTO Melara 155mm cannons and adding rammer devices. While not heavily armored, the M109 could withstand small arms fire and some shell splinters. It reached speeds of 35 km/h and had a range of 216 miles. The Italian army used M109s in peacekeeping operations but phased them out in the early 2000s for the PzH 2000 artillery piece. Leonardo also created an upgrade for the M109 with a longer-range cannon and Italian Vulcano guided munitions.

It was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]]. The '''{{Specs|name}}''' has little to no armour being able to be penetrated from low calibre autocannon fire, including 14.5mm HMGs. This does not mean that the M109 is bad, with a powerful 155mm cannon, its HE shells are enough to overpressure or even penetrate the armour of most tanks. The tank does have a very long reload rate and a poor turret traverse speed, it is recommended using the M109 for ambushes, flanking with allies, launching a HE shell at a weakspot and then retreat to safety to reload, since it will take you almost half a minute. For heavy tanks, it is recommended aiming for the top of the turret or below the chassis if possible.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The armour on the M109 is nearly non-existent, being surrounded by 32 mm thick aluminium alloy 5083, which effectively comes down to 13-20 mm RHA. This leaves the vehicle vulnerable to even light machine gun fire from any angle. The weakness of the armour turns into a strong-suit against AP shells that will pass straight through, unable to fuse or create enough spall to inflict major damage. Direct hits from HE and other chemical shells will most likely leave the M109 a burning wreck. The 6 crew members are pretty spaced apart in the turret, giving a plus to crew survivability.

'''Armour type:'''

* Aluminium alloy 5083 (Hull, turret)
* Rolled homogeneous armor (Radiator covers)


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 32 mm (27-74°) ''Upper Glacis'' 32 mm (0-49°) ''Lower Glacis''
| 32 mm ''Top'' 32 mm ''Bottom'' || 32 mm || 32 mm ''Hull Roof'' 10 mm ''Radiator Covers''
|-
| Turret || 32 mm (28-73°) ''Turret front'' 32 mm (4-56°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 32 mm (23-50°) || 32 mm || 32 mm
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 32 mm || 32 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels - 20 mm (Structural steel of chassis)
* Tracks - 15 mm


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=575|rbMinHp=358}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M126E1 (155 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M126E1 (155 mm)|155 mm M126E1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 28 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+70° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || 9.7 || 13.4 || 16.3 || 18.0 || 19.1 || rowspan="2" | 17.29 || rowspan="2" | 15.30 || rowspan="2" | 14.10 || rowspan="2" | 13.30
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 6.5 || 7.7 || 9.4 || 10.3 || 11.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M126E1 (155 mm)/Ammunition|M107, M107 (PF), M110}}

[[File:M109G Ammorack.png|thumb|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
!Ammo part
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''28'''
|Projectiles Propellants
| 24 ''(+4)'' 23 ''(+5)''
| 19 ''(+9)'' 17 ''(+11)''
| 17 ''(+11)'' 1 ''(+27)''
| 1 ''(+27)'' N/A
| No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* {{PAGENAME}} uses two-piece ammunition, composed of propellant bags (orange) and projectiles (yellow). Both have separate racks.
* Projectiles and propellant bags are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* 4th rack (for the projectiles) and 3rd rack (for the propellants) are first stage ammo rack. It totals 16 shells and gets filled first when loading up the tank.
* Loading 17 (''+11'') shells will keep the hull floor and part of both sides empty of ammo.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)}}

''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 600 (200) || 575 || -10°/+45° || ±180°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The M109G features a very powerful armament at its BR, paired with a mediocre platform, chassis and powerplant. But in other to be used effectively, it needs to be played with caution in mind or you might be send back to the menu.

The M109G has a reload rate of around 30 sec, depending on crew skill, but it is very low, and the armour can be penetrated even by 14.5mm HMGs, so in order to avoid that, a recommended tactic is flanking with allies, launching a HE shell, preferribly to a high value target like a heavy tank, and lather retreat.

The tank can be used as a brawler but can be quickly overwhelmed by superior enemy numbers, for such tactics, it is recommended going with coordinated squad of other M109s or even better, a mix of heavy and light vehicles, combining destructive firepower, with armour and speed. The M109G is overall, a very team dependent vehicle, it requires you and your team to do well in order to succeed, that is why it should be played in a more passive playstyle than other vehicles. Avoid rushing capture points since they could be ambushed, and avoid brawling alone, when playing solo, flanking and sniping is your best bet.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful 155 mm cannon, can take out heavy tanks rather effortlessly
* Great elevation angles
* Access to proxy munitions
* (RB) Slightly faster shell velocity than other short-barrelled artillery tanks, may be easier to aim

'''Cons:'''

* Slow turret traverse speed
* Low survivability due to thin armour and munition placement, cannot sustain even 12.7 mm HMG
* Long reload when compared to normal tanks
* (mostly AB) Shell velocity does not let the tank to fire over a hill at short to medium range
* (RB) Bad optics zoom, inadequate for sniping at long distances

== History ==


The story of the M109 begins during the late stages of the Cold War, it would be designed due to a need from the American army to completely replace their aging fleet of M44 self-propelled howitzer. The main objectives for the new and improved replacement were for it to be somewhat mobile and have a bigger calibre. Initial prototypes for the M109 would see it armed with a 105 mm cannon, but would later be changed to a 155 mm. It was also chosen to equip the vehicle with a diesel engine which, although it would prove to give less output, was much more reliable so breaking down would not become a common occurrence. It would first officially enter service in the American army by 1961, and would prove to be quite effective on the battlefield.

Italy comes into play also, post-war they were lacking in a lot of sectors, so America would be generous enough to supply the Italian army with M44 self-propelled howitzers. However, they also soon desired a heavy SPH that would be mobile enough and be able to be operated in multiple types of environments. Eventually after a lot of discussions, the first batches of M109 is would be acquired by the Italian army in 1962. Initially, part of the deal with Italy included 221 M109s equipped with 155 mm cannons. Other part of the deal saw Italy purchase up to 62 versions of the M109A1B. Some of the original M109s were later upgraded by OTO Melara to the M109L standard which had been modified to utilize the 155 mm cannon made by OTO Melara. Italy improved the combat effectiveness of their M109s by adding a "rammer" which heavily reduced operator fatigue while also increasing the rate of fire of the vehicle.

In terms of survivability, the M109 is not the most armoured vehicle there is, but it is said that it could withstand the majority of small arms fire and shell splinters that may happen to hit the vehicle when an enemy performs a counter artillery attack. However, that said, even the weakest HE or HEAT rounds would make short work of the M109, the platform houses its munitions at the back of the turret, so it is safe to say that it would not be able to hold its own against most ground vehicle threats if shot there. In terms of mobility, depending on the version, most M109s can reach speeds of up to 35 km/h, with an overall range of 216 miles. It is powered by a Detroit Diesel 8V71T engine which produces 450 hp.

The M109 has been combat proven in many theatres of war all around the world. The Italian army would mostly use the M109 for various missions and peacekeeping operations, for example during the Kosovo War, where it provided much needed artillery fire for the troops on the ground. Most sources however state that the majority if not all M109s that the Italian army had used, have been phased out during the early 2000s for the more modern and stronger PzH 2000 artillery piece.

Besides the upgrades done by the Italian army, Leonardo created an upgrade for the M109 which added a new cannon able to fire projectiles at a longer range, alongside with the integration of the new Italian-made guided Vulcano munitions.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_m109g Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[M109 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8537-development-m109-the-king-of-battle-en|[Devblog] M109: The King of Battle]]

{{Italy tank destroyers}}

Turan III

2024-06-26T16:18:32Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = Italian medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Turan (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_43m_turan_3
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The Turan IIII was developed from the [[Turan II|41M Turán II]] Hungarian medium tank, as Hungary needed tanks that were able to better deal with the well-armoured Soviet [[T-34 (Family)|T-34s]] and [[KV-1 (Family)|KV-1s]] that Hungary was fighting on the Eastern Front. The Turán III was equipped with a long barrel 75 mm 43.M gun that could effectively deal with the well-armoured Soviet tanks, unlike the short barrel 75 mm gun of the Turán II. To house this large and powerful gun, the Turán III had a new, larger turret than the Turán II. The Turán III also had significantly more armour than the Turán II.

It was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]] as part of the Hungarian branch of the Italian tech tree.

The 43M Turán III was a Hungarian mediu The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a serious upgrade over the Turan I, it shares some important characteristics with the Panzer IV H and its playstyle is also rather simmilar. It has access to a very powerful gun for its BR which allows the Turan III to face even heavy soviet tanks like the KV-1. The vehicles powerplant was also upgraded, featuring excellent mobility for a medium tank, including full reverse speed at maximum 48KM/h, which is great for hit and run tactics. It still features the same armour plates and smoke grenades as the Turan I, which allows for higher survivability. The vehicle however, with all these upgrades, means that the reload speed is rather poor at 7.6 seconds when stock, it has a very large profile and the commanders cupola is an important weak point to take in mind, the armour, while upgraded, is not enough to stop most 76 or even 57mm guns around its BR, so it should be used in a passive playstyle.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 13 mm || 35 mm ''Top'' 25 mm ''Bottom'' || 13 mm top
35 mm bottom
| 13 mm
|-
| Turret || 75/35 mm ''Turret front'' 33 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 35/25 mm || 25/50 mm || 35/13/25/5 mm
|-
| Cupola || 60 mm || 35 mm || 55 mm || 6/13 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=403|rbMinHp=230}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|43.M (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[43.M (75 mm)|75 mm 43.M]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 32 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || 14.3 || 19.8 || 24.0 || 26.5 || 28.2 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.78 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.9 || 10.5 || 12.8 || 14.1 || 15.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:43.M (75 mm)/Ammunition|43.M pancelgranat, 43.M repeszgranat, 43.M pancelrobbantogranat}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''32''' ||27 ''(+5)''
| 21 ''(+11)'' || ''15 (+17)'' || ''9 (+23)'' || 1 ''(+31)'' || __
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Turret empty: 21 (+11) shells.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|34/40M (8 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[34/40M (8 mm)|8 mm 34/40M]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,200 (100) || 900 || - || -
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful gun; can easily destroy any target it faces with one well-placed shot
* Gun is quite stable, making firing on the move easier
* Good gun depression
* Excellent mobility
* Incredible reverse speed; can reverse as fast as it can go forwards
* Has smoke grenades
* Has mesh side skirt armour on the turret and hull which protects against HEAT and HE projectiles
* Armour can be surprisingly effective, despite not being particularly thick
* 5 crew members and spaced-out ammo racks mean higher survivability

'''Cons:'''

* Large profile
* Turret traverse speed is not very fast
* Armour is not very strong and reliable
* Only 32 rounds of ammunition means you may run out and need to replenish

== History ==


Before production, there were two Turan III tanks built, one prototype, and one fully functional vehicle for testing. The Turan III has not seen too much action in World War II, though, having not been produced enough to make a lasting impact. It is not known if it has ever seen combat. This is because when the tank was developed, Hungary had low resources, and in March 1944, after the invasion of Hungary, the Germans limited the production of tanks.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_43m_turan_3 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

'''Related development'''

* [[Turan (Family)|Turán (Family)]]
* [[Turan I|Turán I]]
* [[Turan II|Turán II]]
* [[Zrinyi I|Zrínyi I]]
* [[Zrinyi II|Zrínyi II]]

'''Other Hungarian vehicles'''

* [[Csaba]]
* [[Toldi IIA]]

'''Similar vehicles'''

* [[Pz.IV H]]
* [[Pz.IV J]]
* [[Pz.IV G]]
* [[Chi-Nu II]]
* [[Chi-To]]
* [[Chi-To Late]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy medium tanks}}

Turan I

2024-06-26T16:10:17Z

U120313908: New Description Project

{{About
| about = Italian medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Turan (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_40m_turan_1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==
The Turán I was a Hungarian medium tank of World War II. Due to being forbidden from developing tanks after World War I, Hungary was still new to developing their own medium tanks from scratch. Therefore, the Turán I was originally based on the Czechoslovak Škoda T-21 medium tank prototype, which the Hungarians first developed into the T-22 design, before accepting the T-22 into service as the Turán I. The Turán I featured a redesigned turret, hull, and suspension, as well as a Hungarian 40 mm cannon and Hungarian 8 mm machine guns, increased armour protection, smoke grenades, and other changes. The [[Turan II|Turán II]] and [[Turan III|Turán III]] Hungarian medium tanks were developed from the Turán I. The Turán I became the backbone of Hungary's tank forces early in WW2, serving on the Eastern Front alongside the [[Toldi IIA|Toldi]] series light tanks and later the [[Zrinyi II|Zrinyi]] series tank destroyers, as well as some German-supplied tanks.

It was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]] as part of the Hungarian branch of the Italian tech tree. The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is the first medium tank available in the Hungarian section of the Italian Tech Tree, it features goood mobility and excellent reload rate for a medium tank, its armour, while not the best, can be angled to increase its effectiveness, however it comes with the downside that other sections of the armour are no longer angled. The tank features smoke grenades for easy escapes as well as armour skirts on the sides, that are enough to deal with lower caliber HEAT and HE shells. The tank however suffers from other problems, its 40mm gun, while fast firing, has mediocre shells for its BR in terms of penetration, it has a mediocre turret traverse speed at 14.3 degrees/sec and it struggles when climbing up hills.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=403|rbMinHp=230}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|MAVAG 41.M 40/51 (40 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MAVAG 41.M 40/51 (40 mm)|40 mm MAVAG 41.M 40/51]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 101 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Shoulder|up to 10 km/h}} || 14.3 || 19.8 || 24.0 || 26.5 || 28.2 || rowspan="2" | 3.64 || rowspan="2" | 3.22 || rowspan="2" | 2.97 || rowspan="2" | 2.80
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.9 || 10.5 || 12.8 || 14.1 || 15.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:MAVAG 41.M 40/51 (40 mm)/Ammunition|36M, 39M, 43M}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''101''' || 89 ''(+12)'' || 77 ''(+24)'' || 65 ''(+36)'' || 53 ''(+48)'' || 41 ''(+60)'' || 29 ''(+72)'' ||17 ''(+84)'' ||1 ''(+100)''|| No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
'''Notes''':

* Racks 1 and 2 are modeled in groups of three shells. All others are modeled in groups of two shells.
* Turret empty: 41 (+60) shells.
{{Clear}}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|34/40M (8 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[34/40M (8 mm)|8 mm 34/40M]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,200 (100) || 900 || - || -
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The main advantages of the '''{{Specs|name}}''' are its fast reload speed and wonderful gearbox allowing it to reach the same speed forwards and backwards.

This allows you to turn your tank around and drive backwards, effectively protecting your hull crew by having the entire engine and transmission take incoming fire instead of your crew. Moving backwards, your engine will absorb all shots to the hull. Keep in mind however, that the turret armour is not great, and shots penetrating it can still kill all the crew inside.

With the reload speed being at around 3 seconds, it is advised to use APBC (once unlocked) instead of APHEBC, since it has more penetration and the reload speed allows you to quickly finish an opponent that could have survived the first shot.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fast firing gun
* Good mobility
* Reverse gearbox allows it to retreat from danger quickly, or to reposition itself conveniently
* Shoulder stabiliser gives it a fair advantage when shooting on the move and in close-quarters combat
* 50 mm frontal armour is sturdy against tanks using small caliber rounds (e.g. [[M3 Stuart (Family)|M3]]/[[M5 Stuart (Family)|M5]] Stuart)
* -10° gun depression makes combat in mountainous terrain easy
* 5 crew members and spaced-out ammo racks mean higher survivability
* Has smoke grenades
* Spaced armour side skirts protect the tank from HEAT and HE (to an extent)

'''Cons:'''

* Angling the hull makes some spots no longer angled, making them into weakspots
* Armour is average and can be defeated by tanks with good penetration
* Somewhat low power-to-weight ratio of around 14 makes climbing hills a struggle
* 40 mm cannon performs poorly in combat, as its penetration is insufficient to penetrate most vehicles below its BR, such as the M3 or M22
* Lacklustre turret traverse speed

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_40m_turan_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

'''Related development'''

* [[Turan (Family)|Turán (Family)]]
* [[Turan II|Turán II]]
* [[Turan III|Turán III]]
* [[Zrinyi I|Zrínyi I]]
* [[Zrinyi II|Zrínyi II]]

'''Other Hungarian vehicles'''

* [[Csaba]]
* [[Toldi IIA]]

'''Similar vehicles'''

* [[Pz.III J]]
* [[Chi-He]]
* [[M15/42]]
* [[Celere Sahariano]]
* [[Pz.38(t) n.A.]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy medium tanks}}

8,8 cm Flak 37 Sfl.

2024-05-27T00:00:39Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_sdkfz_9_flak37
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (nicknamed the Famo) was the largest half track fielded by Germany during World War II. The half track itself was capable of towing an incredible 28 tonnes. It was produced between 1938 and 1944 with a total of 2500 units built. A few models of this half track were adapted to mount the infamous 88mm FlaK 18 cannon in 1940. The vehicle was supposed to be used as a tank destroyer, picking enemies from the distance, behind the cover of allied units. Still, for a half track the crew were decently protected against small arms fire.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]]. It features the famous 8.8 cm FlaK 37 cannon on a half-track mount, presenting heavy firepower at the cost of armour and even mobility due to its heavy weight. It is the best definition of a crystal cannon, its 88mm gun is able to penetrate most if not all tanks around its BR. But this comes at the cost of survivability, artillery and all kinds of HE or HEAT shells will one-shot this vehicle. It is even more susceptible against strafing runs or even machinegun fire. With this in mind, it is recommended staying away from combat, behind cover and camouflage (like bushes and surrounding foliage). Using this vehicle as a sniper is a good way to succeed, but this playstyle requires patience, and good aiming.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (engine and driver compartment, gun shield, ammo box)
* Structural steel (chassis, flatbed)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Half-track || 10 mm ''Grille'' 8 mm (85-86°) ''Front hood'' 14.5 mm (50°) ''Driver View'' || 14.5 mm || 14.5 mm || 14.5 mm
|-
| Gun shield || 14.5 mm (17-41°) || 10 mm (14°) || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Tracks are 10 mm thick while suspension wheels are 15 mm thick.

If encountered in combat, attacking players can attempt to dispatch it at longer ranges. At slightly higher Battle-Ratings it is extremely unlikely that a player will use this vehicle to lead in the front line, but if he/she does, it can usually be easily dispatched from a concealed position. When the enemy is sniping, it is a difficult vehicle to destroy in a map with uneven and hilly terrain like Kuban where plentiful cover allows it to hide easily, but can be destroyed more easily on congested and more urban maps like Advance to the Rhine as there is increased difficulty for long ranged combat due to abundances of buildings and walls to use as cover for both sides.

Due to limited gun vertical traverse, smaller vehicles with lower chassis such as ASU-57 or similar can easily defeat it in extremely closer quarters engagement by simply driving up and make physical contact with the vehicle. The limited vertical traverse of the 88mm gun will mean the attacking vehicle cannot be damaged or destroyed in this situation.

There are multiple ways to destroy this vehicle. Users must take note that the design of the targeted vehicle has separated compartments for driving, gunnery and ammunition storage. Each one must be targeted best in accordance to different situations presented. Attacking forces unfamiliar with the vehicle may be confused as to which compartment to target first; the exposed ammunition storage, disable the gunnery or disable its movements; valuable time expended on this decision usually results in destruction of the unwitting user's vehicle. This does not become a problem if attacking vehicles are equipped with High-explosive shells, as even a glancing hit will completely disable or destroy it without the need to selectively target individual compartments. If not equipped with High-explosive shells and the user is unfamiliar with the target vehicle, they may opt do disable the gunnery controls first and buying more valuable time to target the remaining compartments. Alternatively, due to the vehicle being constructed of light armour, can be easily perforated with .50 cal or higher calibre shells to ensure quick destruction if the first shell misses or fails to deal critical damage. Artillery Strike can also easily and quickly disable or destroy the vehicle. Due to the exposed crew and light armour, a brief strafe from a fighter can also quickly disable or destroy it in a single pass. Most AP rounds, however, especially 75 and 88 mm rounds, if they hit the ammo rack from the front or rear, will not finish the Flak 37 off. The best chance to destroy a Flakbus with an Ammo rack detonation is to shoot the storage box that is mounted on the rear of the hull, from the side.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=327|rbMinHp=203}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Flak.37 (88 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Flak.37 (88 mm)|88 mm Flak.37]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 40 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 9.69 || 13.41 || 16.28 || 18.00 || 19.15 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 6.55 || 7.70 || 9.35 || 10.34 || 11.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Flak.37 (88 mm)/Ammunition|Pzgr., Sprgr. L/4.5}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_8,8cmFlak37Sfl.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || 21 ''(+19)'' || 1 ''(+39)'' || No
|-
|}

The ammo rack at the back of the halftrack can be reduced from two possible racks to one by reducing your total ammo count from 40 shells to 21, with the 21st shell will be loaded in the gun breech. This can reduce the possibility of an ammo rack explosion.

== Usage in battles ==

Despite the presence of a whopping 88 mm gun on the back of this half-track, the complete lack of any armour, as well as the overpressure mechanic, give this vehicle a short lifespan on the front lines. Thus, the best course is to keep the half-track as far away from the battle as possible.

The gun has a slow gun traverse and a terrible depression when angled towards the front, so firing against targets at close range on level ground will leave the vulnerable and unable to return fire against targets of low-profile chassis. The gun however can be depressed further at a lower degree when pointed to the sides and rear of the vehicle as it provides more physical clearance. As such when engaging targets on level ground at close to medium ranges, it is recommended to turn the entire vehicle clockwise or counterclockwise for 45 degrees and the gun turret 45 degrees in opposition to the angle of the chassis for clearance. This should be accomplished only in areas with enough manoeuvring room to ingress and egress to guarantee clearance, or else the half-rack will find itself stuck (in some cases literally) between a rock and a hard place. Find cover behind rocks or other obstacles, inch out of cover only enough to show the gun, then race back into cover after firing to avoid being shot and losing valuable crew members.

In the ways of modification purchases, try to obtain the spare parts and FPE first. From there, research Horizontal Drive, Adjustment of Fire, and Elevation Mechanism to increase your total combat effectiveness. The stock halftrack's turn rate is rather poor and needs improvement if you want to be able to quickly react to a changing battlefield. One thing that cannot be stressed enough is the fact that this vehicle is the definition of a ''Glass Cannon''. Most of the time, your TD will be destroyed by either an ammo rack explosion or most commonly a tank burn-down. Since the Flak.37 does not have armour, HEAT and HE shells can destroy you with one well placed shot.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has a high potency of destroying tanks it encounters in just one shot
* Short reload time
* Six crew members
* Gun elevation maxed at 85°, some may use it to fight larger aircraft
* Paper-thin armour makes AP shell more likely to pass through
* More than adequate ammo for prolonged combat

'''Cons:'''

* Very little armour, a heavy machine gun or strafing aircraft, and ramming planes will knock out of this vehicle easily
* Crew exposed to overpressure, any nearby explosion can be lethal
* Boxes near the rear are ammo racks, smart players will just take out your gunner and shoot there
* Heavy half-track and gun gives low and sluggish speed
* With a gun depression of -3 degrees and the gun being high off the ground, you will have a near impossible chance of hitting short tanks that are really close to you on level ground

== History ==

===The half-track===
The Sd.Kfz. 9 (nicknamed the Famo) was Germany's heaviest half-track seeing service in World War II. The first model was made in 1936 and entered service with the Wehrmacht in 1938. Its primary purposes was as an artillery tractor and a tank recovery vehicle. The vehicle was able to tow about 28 tonnes, which was more than capable of towing the 24 cm Kanone 3 siege gun and the [[Pz.IV F1|Panzer IV]], but required two to four to tow the heavier [[Panther A|Panther]], [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]], and [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger II]]. It was produced between 1938 to 1944 with 2,500 units produced.

===The gun===
The 8.8 cm FlaK is a German anti-aircraft artillery and one of their mainstay anti-air and anti-tank weapons in World War II. The 8.8 cm calibre was developed in 1917 during the times of World War I from available naval calibre to effectively combat Allied aircraft. The first of the FlaK series, the FlaK 18, was mounted on a easily deployable and traversable gun platform, has a semi-automatic loading system, and had a wide variety of ammunition available from high-explosives and armour-piercing. The guns first saw service in the Spanish Civil War and it proved as one of the most effective anti-aircraft guns of the period. Improvements to the Flak led to the FlaK 36 and FlaK 37 with new features such as a two-piece barrel and ability to fire without deploying the gun platform. Though the set-up time for the platform was quick at two and a half minutes, the weight of the gun required a half-track such as the Sd.Kfz 7 to quickly move it to a new position. The gun proved effective on ground targets as well, much of an impact that it was adapted as a tank armament on the [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]] heavy tank. The FlaK series ended up being produced in the thousands from 1933 to 1945, with up to 21,000 units produced in that time period.

===8.8 cm Flak.37 sfl===
In 1940, fifteen examples of Sd.Kfz.9 were adapted to be mounted with the 8.8 cm FlaK 18 guns. These were officially known as 8.8 cm Flak 18 (Sfl.) auf Zugkraftwagen 18t. Its primary purpose was to serve in an anti-tank role, with the half-track needed to provide much-needed mobility to the gun. Aside from these 15 units produced, not much is known of its combat performance on the battlefield, but its existence inspired some American tank destroyer designs in 1943 to mount an anti-aircraft gun on a mobile vehicle, but these proved unsuccessful.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_sdkfz_9_flak37 Skin and Camouflages for the 8,8 cm Flak 37 Sfl. in live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|hgi1k_ljFYw|'''The Shooting Range #14''' - ''Wooden Beasts'' section at 03:21 discusses the 8,8 cm Flak 37 Sfl.}}

== See also ==
Vehicles of a similar configuration or role:

* [[Breda 90/53]]
* [[Breda 501]]
* [[VFW]]

Vehicles with similar weapon systems:

* [[Nashorn]]
* [[SF40 Heavy]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4244-development-8-8cm-flak-37-sf-auf-s-zgkw-18t-a-heavyweight-flak-en|[Devblog] 8.8cm Flak 37 (Sf.) auf s. Zgkw. 18t - A Heavyweight Flak]]
* [[Wikipedia:Sd.Kfz._9#Variants|[Wikipedia] Sd.Kfz._9 - Variants]]

{{Germany tank destroyers}}
[[Category:Half-tracks]]

FlaRakRad

2024-05-26T23:54:16Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_flarakrad
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''', was a self propelled anti aircraft missile system armed with the Roland 3 surface to air missile. The Roland, was a Franco - German venture for developing a capable anti aircraft missile. The Army, Air and Navy used different versions, with the Army opting for a tracked chassis, capable of keeping the pace with tanks and IFVs, while the air and naval branches opted for a wheeled chassis dedicated to defend airfields, costs and rear-guard areas, like supply depots and command centers. The elected chassis was the MAN 15T mil gl KAT I A1. A program to replace the missiles with long range VT1 SAMs was adopted but cancelled in 2003.

It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]]. FlaRakRad is the largest ground vehicle in the game, but being an SPAA in a truck, it has little to no armour. As such it is very vulnerable to IFVs and low flying aircrafts that approach the rear of the battlefield. Try to stay close to allies in order to survive possible enemy flanking manoeuvres. As for Air Defence, this vehicle is armed with the VT-1 air to air missile, which is one of the best SAM missiles in War Thunder. With a decent range but with only two missiles available at a time. Since it does not have any kind of autocannon, like the Pantsir, it is very vulnerable to low flying aircrafts, its missile, the VT-1, also lacks the range to deal with the most advanced air launched ATGMs in the game, but that goes for all SAM systems.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

[[File:FlaRakRad internal armor.png|thumb|Internal armour of the FlaRakRad (5 mm)]]
As the FlaRakRad is the largest ground vehicle in game, and an SPAA, it is not hard for one to guess how the protection situation is. As there is no armour to speak of, the best bet for protecting this vehicle is not to be seen. Try hiding behind large hills, buildings near spawn, and other large obstacles. The non retractable search radar makes it hard to find spots tall enough to hide the FlaRakRad's immense size. However, due to the size of this vehicle, it can take ATGMs from helis occasionally, and can sometimes even eat APFSDS. However, any shot is very likely to cripple you, as the transmission is huge and easily hit.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull ||5 mm||5 mm||5 mm||5 mm
|-
| Turret ||15 mm||15 mm||15 mm||10 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* The chassis is 30 mm thick.
* The windows in the cab have no armour.
* The tracking radar is 15 mm thick.
* There are 5 mm plates inside the rear compartment (see image).

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=511|rbMinHp=318}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Roland}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Roland|Roland SAM]] (x2) || colspan="4" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced!!Autoloader
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 10 (2) || rowspan="2" | -10°/+80° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 74.9 || 103.6 || 125.8 || 139.1 || 148.0 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 50.6 || 59.5 || 72.3 || 79.9 || 85.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Roland/Ammunition|Roland 3, VT1}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''5''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

It is recommended to change the radar range from 10 to 20 km, find a concealed spot near spawn and memorize where the helicopters' airfield is. Helicopters are easy prey for the FlaRakRad; but be careful to take them out quickly or you'll find you have a 9M127 Vikhr headed right at you. Be careful to not radar lock helicopters, as they usually have RWR and will detect you if you lock them. Try instead to hand guide the missiles. This isn't as hard as it seems, as helicopters mostly hover and without the RWR won't know where the missile is coming from. Once the VT1 missile is unlocked, this allows the FlaRakRad to be able to finally engage aircraft with any hint of reliability. Still, one must exercise discipline when choosing when to engage aircraft, as the VT1 can still be dodged. As for the VT1 against helicopters, it just allows the FlaRakRad to kill enemy helicopters quicker, giving them less time to react. All in all, the FlaRakRad is a competent SPAA once one unlocks the missile and has the flexibility to engage aircraft as well as helis. Keep in mind that after firing the second missile, the FlaRakRad will not begin reloading until the second missile hits a target or reaches its max range and self-destructs. This means if you miss the second missile, you are vulnerable to air attack while waiting to reload. Take care not to be hit, and you'll have a good time.

=== Countering [[9K127_Vikhr|Vikhr]]-equipped helicopters ===
Experienced [[Ka-50]]/[[Ka-52|52]] players will often fire multiple Vikr missiles at you, hoping that the first two of them will neutralize your missiles or they will have loaded rockets that will explode after a fixed distance and will try to shoot your VT1 missiles. You can make their life hard if you circle the target by moving the aiming reticle around the target in small circles, causing your missile to change direction really fast and making it nearly impossible to counter if done right. Remember that you do not need to hit the target directly due to the missile's proximity fuse.

=== Countering advanced planes ===
Experienced pilots will try to side-climb outside your range and will try to attack from the top where your radar will not show the incoming plane. In order to prevent this from happening, set the range of the radar to 20 km instead of 10 km to detect any side-climbing planes to prioritize before they climb above the maximum radar elevation range.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High speed missile with long range
* 1st generation gunner thermals allow the FlaRakRad to track targets without the use of radar easier
* Missile has enough explosive to destroy lightly-armoured vehicles, and even tanks via overpressure through the turret roof or hull belly.

'''Cons:'''

* The single biggest ground vehicle in the game, longer and taller than a Maus - finding proper concealment is nigh impossible
* Every single gun in the game, MGs included, poses a threat
* No reliable defence against any ground vehicles
* Lack of guns means it cannot defend itself from close aircraft should missiles miss or run out
* No survivability from attacks from the ground or air
* Due to the low power-to-weight ratio, gaining speed takes ages even on flat ground and most hills will slow the vehicle to a crawl

== History ==
\
=== [[wt:en/news/6902-development-flarakrad-protective-sphere-en|Devblog]] ===
The FlaRakRad self-propelled anti-aircraft missile system with the Roland 3 surface-to-air missile system became the most advanced modification of the Roland, Franco-German anti-aircraft missile. While the army version of the FlaRakPz 1 self-propelled air defense system was equipped with a tracked chassis, the air defense services and the German naval forces settled on wheeled chassis for AA systems for airfield protection. At the end of the 90s, a MAN 6x6 truck was chosen as a chassis for the Roland 2 complex, but soon a unified command vehicle on the chassis of the MAN 15t mil gl KAT I A1 (8×8) truck was adopted, which served as the basis for further development of the Roland family.

One of the latest modernization programs for the complex for the needs of the German army assumed the possibility of launching not only Roland 2 and Roland 3 missiles, but also promising long-range VT1 missiles, but the program was not completed and by 2003 Germany refused to further modernize the Roland complex in favor of more modern systems.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_flarakrad Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" caption="FlaRakRad Devblog Images" heights="150">
File:FlaRakRad WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:FlaRakRad WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:FlaRakRad WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:FlaRakRad WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:FlaRakRad WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:FlaRakRad WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
File:FlaRakRad WTWallpaper 007.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6902-development-flarakrad-protective-sphere-en|[Devblog] FlaRakRad: Protective Sphere]]

{{Germany anti-aircraft vehicles}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

Bfw. Jagdpanther G1

2024-05-26T23:34:00Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = premium German tank destroyer '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the regular version
| link = Jagdpanther
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_panzerbefelhswagen_jagdpanther
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==
TThe '''{{Specs|name}}''' ([[Abbreviations#.28DE.29_Sd.Kfz._Index|Sd.Kfz. Index:]] '''Sd.Kfz. 173''') was a command variant of the [[Jagdpanther]], intended to be crewed by the battalion headquarters personnel to command a Jagdpanther company. The {{PAGENAME}} received a Fu 5 transmitter and a Fu 2 receiver radio. This command variant of the Jagdpanther G1 was fitted with the same Pak 43/3 cannon as the rest G1 variants, however, early variants of the G1 used a Pak 43/2. One important difference was the addition of Zimmerit armour, that was not present in standard G1s due to it being more expensive to manufacture, and not providing protection, being only useful against magnetic mines, which were not fielded by soviet forces at the time.

It was introduced during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before [[Update 1.41]]. It has the same specifications as the regular Jagdpanther G1, and as such, the same performance. The Jagdpanther is a well rounded tank destroyer, with adequate armour, speed and a very good armament. The tanks armour is average at best, but if used at a high angle, like hiding behind a small hill, it becomes much more efficient, being able to ricochet many rounds and many others wont be able to penetrate. The 88mm cannon of the Jagdpanther is powerful enough to destroy even heavy tanks at its BR, be aware though that tanks like the IS-2 can stop your rounds from the front. Also be aware, that the side and roof armour are very thin and the Jagdpanther is vulnerable even to autocannon fire.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides (Slope angle) !! Rear (slope angle) !! Roof (Slope angle)
|-
| Hull || 80 mm (55°) ''Front glacis'' 60 mm (54°) ''Bottom glacis''|| 40 + 5 mm || 40 mm (24-26°) || 25 mm
|-
| Superstructure || Same as Hull || 50 mm (26-29°)|| 40 mm (36°) || 25 mm (85°)
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick, though the interleaved pattern of the wheels provides a cumulative 20 mm of protection.
* Tracks and the lower side of the hull are covered by 5 mm thick armour plate, protecting them from HEAT and HE shells.
* Rear parts of the upper-side hull armour have tracks attached, adding additional 20 mm of armour.
* Belly armour is 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=852|rbMinHp=531}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}
As a premium vehicle, all modifications for the {{PAGENAME}} come unlocked.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|PaK43 (88 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PaK43 (88 mm)|88 mm PaK43]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 39 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+14° || rowspan="2" | ±11° || rowspan="2" | - || 7.0 || 9.8 || 11.8 || 13.1 || 13.9 || rowspan="2" | 9.75 || rowspan="2" | 8.63 || rowspan="2" | 7.95 || rowspan="2" | 7.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 4.8 || 5.6 || 6.8 || 7.5 || 8.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:PaK43 (88 mm)/Ammunition|PzGr 39/43, PzGr 40/43, Hl.Gr 39, Sprgr.43}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''39''' || 25 ''(+14)'' || 7 ''(+32)'' || 1 ''(+38)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG34 (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG34]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Hull || 3,000 (150) || 900 || -5°/+10° || -10°/+5°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The '''Jagdpanther''' is best used defensively, to cover capture points and prevent their capture, and to cover friendly tank advances. It's highly recommended to hide the lower frontal plate in this tank, as it has a frontal mounted transmission which will set on fire if shot. It is also strongly advised to use this tank to engage at long range, and to change position often.

It is important to keep in mind that the Jagdpanther's armour is sloped. Using it on the side of a hill facing the enemy is extremely dangerous since this would decrease the angle at which the frontal armour is sloped relative to incoming fire and thus negate a large part of the vehicle's defensive capabilities. By hiding behind buildings, trees and bushes, or behind a ridgeline, its fighting capability is optimised. A well positioned Jagdpanther is very hard to destroy. In addition, using the Jagdpanther in a diamond position (with its right side facing the enemy) will mean that your most important crew members are better protected (driver, gunner, commander) since they are all on the left side of the vehicle.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* [[IS-2]], [[ISU-122]], [[SU-152]]/[[ISU-152]]: The Jagdpanther relies on its frontal armour a lot to survive, so the biggest threats are generally the vehicles with high penetration. These machines with high calibre guns pose the biggest threat, as their APCBC shells will slice through the Jagdpanther's frontal armour like butter, and their damage is more than enough to kill all the crew inside. Try and finish them off first before they see you. If they do, quickly go to a nearby cover and either call for help, or wait until they fire/are distracted.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Armed with the legendary long 88 mm KwK43. One of the best pound-for-pound guns in the game thanks to the great accuracy, penetration, damage potential, and rate of fire
* Unlike other tanks, the gun's default APCBC shell is the best shell to use. It has great accuracy, velocity, penetration, and damage potential at all ranges
* 5x Sight sufficient for most engagements
* Really good top speed and manoeuvrability. Makes getting into a strong early game position a breeze
* The tank is based off the Panther chassis, meaning the frontal armour is really strong against guns packing less than 200 mm of penetration
* Carries an amazing amount of smoke grenades
* Despite not having a turret, the tank still has good gun depression

'''Cons:'''

* Bad reverse speed might get the player killed
* Panther hull armour isn't as effective against enemies it would face, rounds like the APDS from the 20-pdr or [[IS-2 (Family)|IS-2]]'s BR-471 APHE can easily penetrate
* Front-mounted transmission can catch fire and immobilises vehicle when shot through lower frontal plate
* Like most tank destroyers it lacks a turret, limiting its ability to respond to flankers like [[M18 GMC]]
* A lot bigger than previous tank destroyers, so may need to get used to the size and how to conceal it
* Penetration from the sides is often lethal as sides are littered with ammunition

== History ==

===Development===
The formidable 8.8 cm Pak43 anti-tank gun was created as a longer version of the 8.8 cm KwK36. Two attempts were made to fit this gun onto a self-propelled chassis, the first was the[[Ferdinand|Panzerjäger Tiger (P) Ferdinand]] (later Elefant) and the second was the [[Nashorn]]. However, the Ferdinand was too heavy and unreliable while the Nashorn chassis was too small and underpowered to propel such a gun. The '''Jagdpanther''' was proposed in late 1942, as a tank destroyer mounting the formidable 8.8 cm Pak43, built on the [[Panther D|Panther]] chassis with good armour and speed. The tank destroyer was created and designated '''SdKfz 173''' and was demonstrated to Hitler on October 1943. Production then started in January 1944 under the simpler name '''Jagdpanther''', which Hitler preferred over the longer '''8.8 cm Pak43/3 auf Panzerjäger Panther'''.

Throughout its production life of January 1944 to 1945, a total 415 of these vehicles were made. MIAG produced 270 from January 1944 to the end of the war, MNH produced 112 from November 1944, and MBA produced 37 from December 1944. The supposed goal was 150 Jagdpanthers produced per month, but Germany's deteriorating situation made this impossible. The Jagdpanthers were made in two variants, '''G1''' and '''G2'''. The G1 had a small internally bolted main gun and modified Panther Ausf. An engine deck while the G2 had a larger simplified, outer bolted mantlet with a modified Panther Ausf. G engine deck. A proposal to mount the 12.8 cm Pa 80 was considered but never produced.

The Jagdpanther was a rather good design as a tank destroyer. It had a good power-to-weight ratio and had a gun that could penetrate any allied tank in service during the war. It did not suffer from as many reliability problems due to it's basis on the later [[Panther G|Panther Ausf. G]] model, which had fixed most of the Panther's initial problems. It also used an improved transmission and final drive (the two sources of most Panther issues), which were planned for the Panther II.

===Command variant===
Jagdpanthers were assigned to heavy tank destroyer battalions in the Western Front and Eastern Front, but they required a vehicle to house the commander of each battalion. So during the Jagdpanther's production, a command vehicle variant was also made from the Jagdpanther. These vehicles are distinguishable from regular-issue Jagdpanthers with the presence of more antennas to house the FuG8 30W radio that allows communication between the command tank and headquarters. Each battalion would have access to two '''Befehlswagen Jagdpanther''' for use to coordinate the battalion, other units in each battalion is 14 normal Jagdpanthers, 5 Bergepanthers for armour recovery, a repair company, two anti-aircraft platoons, a combat engineer platoon, and an armoured reconnaissance platoon

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
To equip the commanders of tank destroyer battalions, in the summer of 1944 production of a command vehicle based on the Jagdpanther tank destroyer was launched.

These command vehicles were equipped with a FuG8 30W radio station with ranges of 10 km (phone) and 50-80 km (Morse key). The transmitter operated on a medium frequency range, from 1,130 to 3,000 kHz. The receiver operated in the 835-3,000 kHz range.

The FuG5 radio station was equipped with a whip antenna with a height of 2 m, and the FuG8 radio, with a Sternantenne antenna with a height of 1.4 m.

These vehicles served in detached anti-tank battalions. The organization of these battalions was established by the KStN 1149c government schedule, issued on March 1, 1944. A company consisted of 14 vehicles, and two more Panzerbefehlswagen Jagdpanthers were driven by the company's command staff. Each battalion had 3 companies. An additional maintenance company had 5 Bergepanthers. In addition, each battalion had a repair company, two anti-aircraft defense platoons, a combat engineer platoon, and a reconnaissance armoured transport platoon. The command staff of the battalion had two command Jagdpanthers equipped with additional radio stations.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_panzerbefelhswagen_jagdpanther Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Panzer V Panther (Family)]]
** [[Jagdpanther]]

== External links ==


* [[Wikipedia:Jagdpanther|[Wikipedia] Jagdpanther]]

{{Germany tank destroyers}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

Marder A1-

2024-05-26T17:03:52Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = German light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = Marder 1A3
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_marder_1a1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}'''was produced from 1979 to 1982. A total of 350 Marder 1s were upgraded to this standard. This version of the Marder was a downgrade of the Marder A1 (+), while it retained the MILAN anti tank guided missiles, it lost access to its thermal imaging system. Though the other upgrades, like the dual fed 20mm autocannon, allowing for ammo selection, and the night vision equipment with image intensifiers were fitted into this vehicle.

It was introduced in [[Update "Red Skies"]]. Being the first true German IFV in the tech tree, the Marder A1- offers some unique options to its operator with regards to dispatching its opponents, no matter if they come on the ground or in the air. The Marder A1, offers a good balance of mobility, protection and damage output. Your main weapon to fight heavier foes will be the Milan ATGMs, while this weapon is good enough to penetrate most vehicles, it is quite slow, and must be used in situations in which you are not in immediate danger. For that, is better using the 20mm autocannon to destroy components like the gun barrel, tracks and engine of other tanks, and then use the Milan ATGM to destroy them. Against lighter opponents however, like the BTR-80A, BMP-1 or M41 Walker Bulldog, the 20mm autocannon should be enough as long as you aim for weakpoints.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

Overall, armour on Marder A1- is to be expected from an IFV; thin armour that relies heavily on slopes for protection. However, the turret is unmanned and coupled with a great gun depression of -17°, allowing for a hull-down really well.

From the frontal arc, the armour can shrug off most heavy machine guns and autocannons up to 23 mm calibre, like those found on [[ZSU-23-4|Shilkas]]. Be wary though as lucky shots can get through the turret ring or shatter on the driver's optics, sending shrapnel inside the fighting compartment.

From sides and rear, even .50 cal will do some serious damage to the vehicle and crew, so keeping the front of the armour towards the enemy is the key for survival from MG fire.

With only three crew members available, the Marder can't afford to take any hits. When looking at Marder from the front, the driver on the right side is protected only by an 11 mm thin armour plate angled at 73°, so expect the driver to die first a lot to enemy fire. Meanwhile, both commander and gunner sit side by side below the unmanned turret, protected by transmission and engine (similar to [[Merkava (Family)|Merkava tanks]]). While that won't protect them from rounds with explosive filler or modern kinetic penetrators, it can negate shrapnel from older chemical and HESH rounds. Commanders and gunner survivability are thus significantly higher than that of a driver, allowing to fire back at the opponent in most cases.

The last thing to note about the armour is that the roof armour is only 11 mm, making the Marder heavily vulnerable to air attacks if the gun isn't trained on the attacker.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 11 mm (76°) top
32mm (21°) bottom
| 15 mm (32°) top 15 mm (0°) bottom || 11 mm (22°) || 11 mm
|-
| Turret || 15 - 25 mm turret front 11 mm gun mantlet || 11- 15 mm || 11 - 15 mm || 11 mm
|-
| Cupola || 11 mm || 11 mm || 11 mm || 11 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The mobility of Marder is really, really good, allowing it to rush favourable positions at the start of the battle or flank effectively. With a reverse gearbox, it can move backwards as fast as going forward, making disengaging from an enemy or retreating from unfavourable situations an easy task.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=930|rbMinHp=531}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Since the Marder A1- is already powerful in the firepower department thanks to its MILAN ATGMs, even in its stock configuration, it should have no problems dispatching your enemies. After Parts and FPE, one can either start upgrading its mobility or go for a fuller APIT belt to have better chances when fighting light vehicles.

Since it can't engage enemies at longer ranges with the autocannon and MILANs are SACLOS-guided, getting a laser rangefinder is not a priority when playing solo. Instead, going for optics upgrades and smoke grenades might be preferable. Night vision devices could be also considered, but night battles on this BR are uncommon.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|Rh202 (20 mm)}}

The Marder A1- is armed with a dual-feed Rh202 20 mm autocannon. This gun can also be found as a secondary weapon on the [[KPz-70]] and [[Leopard 2K]]; the difference being it gets dedicated belts on Marder instead of being limited only to multipurpose stock belts.

Rh202 has fantastic gun handling. Even though it is not equipped with a stabiliser, it's barely noticeable even when firing on the move, allowing to successfully engage enemies without stopping at close range.

With a great rate of fire (noticeably faster than 30 mm found on [[BMP-2]]s), it can shred light vehicles, low flying planes and helicopters to pieces in a matter of seconds. Even heavier tanks are not safe since it is able to disable their critical components with a well-aimed burst, crippling their main and secondary armaments and tracks, making them easy kills for its MILANs or more-heavily armed teammates.

With 65° degrees of gun elevation, it can even work ad hoc as makeshift SPAAG. This is especially useful against helicopter rushes, which are common at the start of the round when chances of friendly SPAA being active are low. Even planes are not safe when the Marder is around, since it is able to successfully engage low flying aircraft with enough practice.

Rh202 operates on 200 round belts, Marder can take 6 of them in total and you can switch between different belts with ~1-second delay. An empty belt is reloaded after 8 seconds when Aced.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Rh202 (20 mm)|20 mm Rh202]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 1,200 (200) || rowspan="2" | 800 || rowspan="2" | -17°/+65° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 57.1 || 79.1 || 96.0 || 106.2 || 112.9 || rowspan="2" | 10.40 || rowspan="2" | 9.20 || rowspan="2" | 8.48 || rowspan="2" | 8.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 35.7 || 42.0 || 51.0 || 56.4 || 60.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}} - The stock belt consists of HVAP-T and HEFI-T rounds in a ratio of 1:1. It works but can have problems penetrating lighter vehicles due to the occasional chance that it won't hit a critical component with an HVAP-T round.
* '''DM51A1:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}} - Stock belt that consists of HEFI-T and HVAP-T rounds in a ratio of 3:1, this belt would be of great use against infantry but have no use in vehicular combat. Although the round can be effective, while taking down helicopters, or low flying planes.
* '''DM43:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}} - Tier I modification, this belt consists of HVAP-T and HEFI-T rounds in a ratio of 3:1. This belt should be the primary type of ammo for Rh202, since it has the best available penetration.

{{:Rh202 (20 mm)/Ammunition|HVAP-T, HEFI-T}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''6''' || 4 ''(+2)'' || 2 ''(+4)'' || 0 ''(+6)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Ammunition is modeled as 6 belts of 200 rounds.
* Racks disappear after you've fired all belts in the rack.
* Due to the Marder's belt feed design, the third ammo rack is connected directly to the gun. For the third ammo rack to be emptied, the tank must run out of ammunition.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|MILAN}}

The Marder A1- is armed with a MILAN ATGM launcher with SACLOS guidance. It's an older missile, lacking a tandem warhead, but since composite and reactive armour are a rare sight at the battle rating, it works wonders. The ATGM is the main weapon of choice when engaging targets beyond 200 m and when engaging anything heavier than a light tank or SPAAG. The Marder only gets 4 of those, so firing them recklessly can leave it unable to dispatch heavier opponents. Frequent visits to capture points are a must in order to keep fighting.

To fire them, the Marder A1- needs to be going slower than 5 km/h, which can be disadvantageous against enemy tanks with stabilisers - be sure to distract the enemy first with the autocannon fire or make sure the enemy doesn't know at all from where the Marder will be striking.

Also, be aware that the launcher can't depress as much as the autocannon: this is important to note when fighting in hilly terrain. While it is possible to fire and hit an enemy, the missile needs a few seconds and distance to correct itself, making close-range shots impossible without considerable skill and practise (for some theory on this, see the [[Striker]] page).

MILANs are guided in a SACLOS manner, meaning they follow the crosshair, making them much easier to use than older missiles such as [[SS.11]] or [[9M14|Malyutkas]]. The Marder is also one of the earliest vehicles to get SACLOS missiles, together with [[Ratel 20]] and [[BMP-1 (Family)|BMP-1]], and unlike BMP-1, the Marder is equipped with it stock.

The last thing to note about these is their limited range of just 2 km. Most of its engagements do happen inside this range, but on larger maps such as Maginot Line, it won't hurt checking enemy distance with the laser rangefinder before firing.

As SACLOS missiles, they can be used with some success against ATGM helicopters hovering on the battlefield, but again, checking their range is necessary in order not to waste the few missiles it has.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[MILAN]] missile || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
| 4 || ±5° || N/A || N/A || _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:MILAN/Ammunition|MILAN}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''4''' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Missiles are modeled individually and disappear after having been launched.
* It is not possible to select how many missiles to bring into battle.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The Marder is armed with two MG3 machine guns. One is coaxial to the Rh202, second is in a small independent turret above the troop compartment.

The MG3 is the standard machine gun for current day Germany. While having a nice rate of fire, they are rifle-calibre and thus have very low penetration, useful only as a deterrent against low flying aircraft and helicopters and to clear obstacles in front of the vehicle. They are almost useless against enemy tanks, and only pose a threat to few open-topped vehicles.

One thing of note is that the second MG3 in its independent turret can only turn in a 90° degree arc on the back of the Marder, thus making it way less practical than the coaxial. It can be used to paint enemies that manage to sneak up on to you from behind, or, if you turn your back against incoming aircraft or helicopters, to increase your firepower against them. Other than that, it only blocks your Rh202 from depressing on the back of your vehicle.

By using the "Select machine gun" key, it is possible to scout enemies with sniper mode from this turret in realistic battles. This allows only the empty rear of the vehicle to be exposed, which, even if shot at, can keep the crew quite safe.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,500 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Rear turret || 1,000 (1,000) || 1,200 || -15°/+55° ||±90°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

Marder A1- is a pretty decent IFV for its rank, but it is not designed to fight enemy tanks head on.

Best strategy is to either rush favourable positions near capture points in order to spot and counter enemy light vehicles rushing them while occasionally firing your ATGM at high-value targets.

Another good strategy is to go for flanks - most of the time, you will meet enemy light vehicles flanking, and your autocannon shreds them like cheese, denying enemy flanking routes and funnelling them towards your allied tanks. Keep spotting, and save your ATGMs for self-defence, since you will be away from capture points in this scenario and thus unable to rearm. That doesn't mean you can't take out high value targets such as top tier tanks which happen to drive into your sight line.

If forced to CQC or brawl, try to stick to your allies and support them. As soon as you see enemy tank fire, rush him and disable his gun and tracks, making him an easy target for your team mates.

If there are no allies in close proximity, then your speed and ability to fire on the move can be exploited in aggressive pushes, but narrow corridors and streets often present major disadvantages for your lightly armoured IFV; so sticking to ambush tactics might be preferable.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 20 mm cannon is very effective at quickly destroying aircraft, SPAA, and lightly armoured vehicles
** High rate of fire
** Plenty of ammo
** Very fast turret rotation
** 17 degrees of gun depression, 69 degrees of gun elevation, with very fast vertical traverse speed
* Effective MILAN missile
* Very manoeuvrable, high top speed and high power-to-weight ratio

'''Cons:'''

* 20 mm gun is largely ineffective against a large majority of ground vehicles you will face
* Only 4 MILAN missiles
* Thin armour
* Rather tall profile
* MILAN missiles have a rather slow velocity
* Shots to the turret often lead to ammo rack detonation as it is connected to the turret

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_marder_1a1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|wGrhRQ3yrFs|'''The Shooting Range #262''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:27 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7164-development-marder-a1-the-first-ifv-of-the-west-en|[Devblog] Marder A1-: the First IFV of the West]]
* [[wikipedia:Marder_(IFV)|[Wikipedia] Marder (IFV)]]

{{TankManufacturer Thyssen-Henschel}}
{{Germany light tanks}}
[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]

Marder 1A3

2024-05-26T16:56:10Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = German light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = Marder A1-
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_marder_1a3
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was one of the most important upgrades of the regarding the Marder IFV. The vehicle was produced from 1988 to 1998 and around 2100 A1/A2 models were upgraded to this standard. The vehicle received a more capable armour, intended to resist the 30mm autocannon used by the BMP-2, which started to be fielded by East Germany around the time of the upgrade. Other changes included an upgraded turret and upgrades to the suspension to avoid loss of mobility due to the increased weight.

It was introduced in [[Update "Direct Hit"]]. The {{PAGENAME}} is an improvement over the [[Marder A1-]] with additional High Hardness armour plates added all around the hull that should make the vehicle better withstand autocannon rounds from a distance, though close-range side armour is still paper thin. The additional armour implemented on {{PAGENAME}} does make the vehicle slightly heavier than the Marder A1-, and while this should make impact mobility slightly, the differences in in-game performance is negligible. Armament between the two variants are similar too, with the {{PAGENAME}} retaining the MILAN ATGM and the 20 mm Rh202 autocannon. Armament differences lay in the APDS availability for the 20 mm autocannon and the removal of the rear-mounted MG3A1, which greatly improves versatility, as the new DM63 rounds can now penetrate BMP based hulls from 500 meters and other comparable IFVs within 1000 meters, disregard the Warrior.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


The Marder 1A3's armour is minimal, albeit superior to it's predecessor's thanks to the use of High Hardness Rolled Armor instead of Rolled Homogenous Armor. This variant of the Marder is the only Marder based hull capable of deflecting APDS from the BMP-2 and similar IFVs. However, it is still very vulnerable to regular tank shells. Therefore, you must be careful to not expose the vehicle.

'''Armour type:'''

* High hardness rolled armour (hull front, roof, additional side plates)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull sides, rear, gun mount, cupola)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 11 + 8 mm (77°) ''Upper plate'' 32 + 32 mm (21-58°) ''Lower plate'' || 15 + 8 mm (33°)''Top'' 15 + 5 mm ''Bottom'' || 11 mm (22°) ''Rear plate and hatch'' 5 mm (22°) ''Vents'' || 11 + 8 mm (13°) ''Engine compartment'' 11 + 8 mm ''Crew compartment''
|-
| Gun mount || 25 + 20 mm (38°) ''Base front'' || 20 + 15 mm || 11-20 mm || 11 mm
|-
| Cupola || 11 mm || 11 mm || 11 mm || 11 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels, tracks and torsion bars are 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


The mobility is very good with a top speed of 84 km/h both forwards and backwards. This makes you faster than most other tanks at this battle rating.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=930|rbMinHp=531}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|Rh202 (20 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Rh202 (20 mm)|20 mm Rh202]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 1,200 (200) || rowspan="2" | 800 || rowspan="2" | -17°/+65° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 57.1 || 79.1 || 96.0 || 106.2 || 112.9 || rowspan="2" | 10.40 || rowspan="2" | 9.20 || rowspan="2" | 8.48 || rowspan="2" | 8.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 35.7 || 42.0 || 51.0 || 56.4 || 60.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
* '''DM51A1:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''DM43:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
* '''DM63:''' {{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}

{{:Rh202 (20 mm)/Ammunition|HVAP-T, HEFI-T, APDS}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''6''' || 4 ''(+2)'' || 2 ''(+4)'' || 0 ''(+6)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Ammunition is modeled as 6 belts of 200 rounds.
* Racks disappear after you've fired all belts in the rack.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|MILAN}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[MILAN]] missile || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
| 4 || ±5° || N/A || N/A || 13.00 || 11.50 || 10.60 || 10.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:MILAN/Ammunition|MILAN}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''4''' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Missiles are modeled individually and disappear after having been launched.
* It is not possible to select how many missiles to bring into battle.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,500 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Marder 1A3 is best used carefully, since most shells will penetrate your armour easily. The best tactic when hunting for enemy tanks is to hide behind cover and only expose your missile launcher or turret due to the smaller target. The Marder is highly capable of taking on air targets such as enemy close air support and helicopters. The 20mm gun is best used for air targets or enemy light tanks. If played correctly, the Marder can be a terror to the enemy team for both ground targets and air targets.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good mobility
* Respectable ATGM for defeating most tanks
* Equipped with thermal sights and laser rangefinder
* 20 mm autocannon is effective against aircraft
* Removal of the rear unmanned machine gun from the [[Marder A1-]] provides better view of the back
* Addition of the DM63 APDS belts increases the effectiveness of the 20 mm

'''Cons:'''

* Mediocre survivability
* Poor gun depression of the ATGM Launcher limits close-range effectiveness when the tank is on a high incline, and sometimes the missile will hit the ground regardless.
* Large profile
* Only carries 4 ATGMs

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_marder_1a3 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* [[Marder A1-]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{TankManufacturer Thyssen-Henschel}}
{{Germany light tanks}}
[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]

Jagdpanther G1

2024-05-26T16:48:40Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = tank destroyer '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the premium version
| link = Bfw. Jagdpanther
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_panzerjager_panther
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' ([[Abbreviations#.28DE.29_Sd.Kfz._Index|Sd.Kfz. Index:]] '''Sd.Kfz. 173''') was one of the most powerful tank destroyers fielded by Germany in World War II. Based on the Panther tank, it was produced from 1943 to 1945 with a total of 413 units manufactured. The early variants of the Jagdpanther G1 were the first one to enter combat in 1944. Armed with an fixed 88mm Pak43/2 cannon in a casemate configuration. The second version of the G1, was armed with a Pak43/3 instead of the /2. Other modifications included heat shields around the exhaust and a new gun mantlet. The vehicle was very sucessful. They were asigned to heavy tank destroyer battalions in the Western and Eastern Fronts. Most however fought against the Soviets.

It was introduced during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before [[Update 1.41]]. The Jagdpanther is a well rounded tank destroyer, with adequate armour, speed and a very good armament. The tanks armour is average at best, but if used at a high angle, like hiding behind a small hill, it becomes much more efficient, being able to ricochet many rounds and many others wont be able to penetrate. The 88mm cannon of the Jagdpanther is powerful enough to destroy even heavy tanks at its BR, be aware though that tanks like the IS-2 can stop your rounds from the front. Also be aware, that the side and roof armour are very thin and the Jagdpanther is vulnerable even to autocannon fire.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The armour of the Jagdpanther in itself is average but can be utilized to become extremely effective due to ricochet mechanics.

Lighter shells (i.e. 76 mm M1 from the Sherman, 88 mm L/56 from the Tiger I, 90 mm M3 from the Jackson/Pershing) will have issues with shells ricocheting off the front plate due to the angle of the tank's upper frontal plate. However, heavier and/or higher velocity shells (SU-152, IS-2, T29/T34 are examples of tanks that will not experience this problem very much) will not have this issue due to the weight or velocity compensating for the increased slope and penetrating anyway (that is not to say that these types of shells cannot bounce, it is just much rarer due to their weight and high velocities.)

The best way to use the Jagdpanther's armour is to find a small hill where you can angle the front of your tank upwards to where your gun can still fire back at incoming enemies, but also have your frontal armour maximized (due to the fact that your frontal armour will be at a higher angle for incoming shells, which will dramatically increase the odds of a shell ricocheting. ) Just be sure not to allow your bottom plate to be shown, as it is a potential weak point of the tank.

The side and rear armour of the Jagdpanther is extremely thin (AA guns often can penetrate) and should be protected at all costs (as your ammunition is also stored in the sides.)

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides (Slope angle) !! Rear (slope angle) !! Roof (Slope angle)
|-
| Hull || 80 mm (55°) ''Front glacis'' 60 mm (54°) ''Bottom glacis''|| 40 + 5 mm || 40 mm (24-26°) || 25 mm
|-
| Superstructure || Same as Hull || 50 mm (26-29°)|| 40 mm (36°) || 25 mm (85°)
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

*Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick, though the interleaved pattern of the wheels provides cumulative 20 mm protection.
*Tracks and lower side of the hull are covered by 5 mm thick armour plate, protecting them from HEAT and HE shells.
*Rear parts of the upper side hull armour have tracks attached to it, adding additional 20 mm of armour.
*Belly armour is 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=852|rbMinHp=531}}

The {{PAGENAME}} has decent mobility overall, however, there is one major downfall to this vehicle: its extremely slow reverse speed. For this reason, the {{PAGENAME}} cannot relocate quickly so it is best to position your vehicle in a spot where repositioning won't be necessary.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|PaK43 (88 mm)}}

The main armament of the Jagdpanther is the 88 mm PaK43 gun, which is one of the best all-around tank weapons at its BR. With an 11-second reload stock, it is accurate as well as causing large amounts of damage during a penetrating hit, as it also contains explosive filler that detonates once inside the hull of the target.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PaK43 (88 mm)|88 mm PaK43]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 49 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+14° || rowspan="2" | ±11° || rowspan="2" | - || 7.0 || 9.7 || 11.8 || 13.1 || 13.9 || rowspan="2" | 9.75 || rowspan="2" | 8.63 || rowspan="2" | 7.95 || rowspan="2" | 7.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 4.8 || 5.6 || 6.8 || 7.5 || 8.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''PzGr 39/43''', APCBC: stock ammunition, is by far the most useful ammunition for this tank and should be the primary type you carry through your battles.
* '''PzGr 40/43''', APCR: although on paper it appears to be a significant improvement in penetration capabilities, in reality it is often ineffective for two reasons:
** The amount of damage the shell creates within the hull of tank upon penetration is very little, with little to no shrapnel being created by a penetration. This makes a direct hit onto a critical module (such as a gunner or an ammunition rack) a necessity for this projectile, which can be sometimes difficult depending on the enemy you are facing.
** Although the stat card shows that the penetration does increase, due to the overall weight of the shell decreasing, sloped armour is much more difficult to penetrate (which at this battle rating is very common.) This makes this shell somewhat useless as a result, with the standard ammunition (PzGr 39/43) being far more effective against slopped armour.
* '''Hl.Gr 39''', HEAT: it serves very little purpose, as it lacks enough penetration to penetrate tanks from the front (or even side at the battle rating of this tank).
* '''Sprgr.43''', HE: it is ineffective against armoured targets, and should only either be carried for open-topped vehicles (SPAA/TD).

{{:PaK43 (88 mm)/Ammunition|PzGr 39/43, PzGr 40/43, Hl.Gr 39, Sprgr.43}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x350px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''49''' || 35 ''(+14)'' || 17 ''(+32)'' || 11 ''(+38)'' || 1 ''(+48)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG34 (7.92 mm)}}

The machine gun on this tank is functional but is not powerful enough to cause any damage even to lightly armoured targets (such as AA vehicles).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG34]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Hull || 3,000 (150) || 900 || -5°/+10° || -10°/+5°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Jagdpanther is best used defensively, to cover capture points and prevent their capture, and cover friendly tank advances. It's highly recommended to hide the lower frontal plate in this tank, as it has a frontal mounted transmission which will set the tank on fire if shot, as well as destroying the transmission. It's also strongly advised to use this tank at long range, and change position often.

It is important to keep in mind that the Jagdpanther's armour is sloped. Using it on the side of a hill facing the enemy is extremely dangerous since this would decrease the angle at which the frontal armour and sloped and thus negate a large part of its survival capabilities. By hiding behind buildings, trees and bushes, or on top of a hill, you optimise it's fighting capabilities. A well-positioned Jagdpanther is very hard to destroy. In addition, using the Jagdpanther in a diamond position (with your right side facing the enemy) will mean that your most important crew members are better protected (driver, gunner, commander) since they are on the other side.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* [[IS-2]], [[ISU-122]], [[SU-152|SU]]/[[ISU-152]]: The Jagdpanther relies on its frontal armour a lot to survive, so the biggest threats are generally the vehicles with high penetration. These machines with high calibre guns pose the biggest threat, as their APHEBC shells will slice through the Jagdpanther's frontal armour like butter, and their damage is more than enough to kill all the crew inside. Try and finish them off first before they see you. If they do, quickly go to a nearby cover and either call for help, or wait until they fire or get distracted.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Armed with the long 88 mm KwK43 gun. One of the best pound-for-pound guns in the game thanks to the great accuracy, penetration, damage potential, and rate of fire
* The default APCBC shell has great accuracy, penetration, and damage potential at all ranges
* Really good top speed and manoeuvrability. Makes getting into a strong early game position a breeze
* The tank is based on the Panther chassis, meaning the frontal armour is really strong against guns packing less than 200 mm of penetration
* Carries a large amount of smoke grenades
* 5x Sight provides sufficient zoom for most engagements
* Despite not having a turret, the tank still has good gun depression

'''Cons:'''

* Terrible reverse speed. Shoot and scoot tactics are nearly impossible to pull off
* The hull armour is tough, but common enemy tanks like the [[Centurion Mk 3]] and [[IS-2]] laugh at the Jagdpanther's frontal armour
* Terrible side armour. Angling is ill-advised
* Like most tank destroyers it lacks a turret. Coupled with the terrible reverse speed, getting flanked is almost always a death sentence
* Despite the 5 men crew, the crew compartment is small. Any APHE shell that penetrates the armour will likely knock out all the crew in one shot
* Despite not having a turret, it's still a big tank. Finding proper concealment can be a challenge
* Roof armour is weak. Attackers and even some fighters machine guns can be lethal
* The HEAT and HE rounds are completely useless while the APCR has mediocre penetration and damage potential. Don't bother taking anything but the default APCBC round into battle

== History ==

===Development===
Nazi Germany created the formidable 8.8 cm Pak43 anti-tank gun, a longer version of the 8.8 cm KwK36. 2 attempts were made to fit this gun onto a self-propelled configuration, the first was [[Ferdinand|Panzerjäger Tiger (P) Ferdinand]] (later Elefant) and the second was the [[Nashorn]]. However, the Ferdinand was too heavy and unreliable while the Nashorn was too small and underpowered to propel such a gun. The Jagdpanther was proposed in late 1942, as a tank destroyer from the [[Panther D|Panther]] chassis that could mount the formidable 8.8 cm Pak43 with good armour and speed. The tank destroyer was created and designated Sd.Kfz. 173 and was demonstrated to Hitler on October 1943. Production then started in January 1944 under the simpler name Jagdpanther by Hitler rather than using the longer 8.8 cm Pak43/3 auf Panzerjäger Panther.

Throughout its production life of January 1944 to 1945, 415 total of these vehicles were made. MIAG produced 270 from January 1944 to the end of the war, MNH produced 112 from November 1944, and MBA produced 37 from December 1944. The supposed goal was 150 Jagdpanther produced a month, but Germany's deteriorating situation made this impossible. The Jagdpanthers were made in two variants, G1 and G2. The G1 had a modified Panther Ausf. A engine deck while the G2 had a modified Panther Ausf. G engine deck. Several changes were implemented throughout its production and as such some features were exclusively present on G1's. Examples include a smaller, and internally bolted gun mantlet/mounting, a monoblock 8.8 cm PaK 43/3 and a three piece exhaust system. A proposal to mount the 12.8 cm Pak80 was mentioned but never came around to production.

The Jagdpanther was a rather good design as a tank destroyer, it had a good power-to-weight ratio and had a gun that could destroy any Allied tank in service in the war. It did not suffer as much reliability problems due to being based on the later model [[Panther G|Panther Ausf. G]], which had most of the initial problems fixed. It also used an improved transmission and final drive (the two sources of most Panther issues) that was planned for the Panther II.

===Combat Usage===
Jagdpanthers were assigned to heavy tank destroyer battalions in the Western Front and Eastern Front, though most of the Jagdpanthers were sent to deal with the Soviet onslaught, where it first saw combat action. In Normandy, few of these vehicles were encountered by the Western Allies, though 12 were deployed in one occasion by the 654 schwere Panzerjäger-Abteilung against British units. One instance in July 30, 1944 saw three Jagdpanthers engage and destroy 10-11 Churchill tanks in about two minutes, though two of them were abandoned by the crew due to damage. The 654th was the only battalion to have a full complement of Jagdtigers of about 42 Jagdpanthers at the Western Front, the 559th battalion only had 10 to 14 of these vehicles. The largest concentration of the Jagdpanther on the west was during the Ardennes Offensive of about 20 vehicles combat-ready.

After the end of World War II with Nazi Germany's fall, the Jagdpanther and its original Panther configuration saw service with France. The Jagdpanthers served France from 1945 to the 1960s.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
One of the most powerful and most successful German tank destroyers of World War II. This tank destroyer was designed by the company MIAG and was based on the Pz.Kpfw. V Panther tank. From October 1943 to April 1945, the MIAG, MNH, and MBA factories produced a total of 413 Jagdpanthers.

The Jagdpanther was mass-produced in three variants which differed in the following ways.

The first variant was the early version of the G1 self-propelled gun, produced from January to September 1944. These vehicles had an 88 mm 8,8 cm Pak43/2 gun with a one-piece barrel. The gun was fixed to the front armour with bolts inside the vehicle. Anti-magnetic Zimmerit paste was applied to the vehicle's vertical surface in its characteristic squares. Also, this variant lacked a snorkel. The plate covering the engine either completely lacked an opening or had an opening which was plugged closed.

The second variant was the standard G1, which had an 88 mm 8,8 cm Pak43/3 gun with a composite barrel. This tank destroyer also received a new gun mantlet. Zimmerit was not applied. Heat shields were installed around the exhaust pipe, and the guide wheels had a larger diameter.

The third variant was the G2, which was equipped with a new gun mantlet reinforced with bolts. An armoured plate taken from the Pz.Kpfw. V Ausf. G Panther tank was installed over the engine. The trenching tool and cleaning rod tube was moved to the rear.

This tank destroyer was a very effective weapon against all types of Soviet and Allied tanks. It was used on the Western and Eastern fronts until the end of the war.

For a heavy vehicle, the Jagdpanther had good speed and manoeuvrability. On the other hand, this self-propelled vehicle inherited a number of disadvantages from the tank it was based on, primarily low mechanical reliability and relatively thin side armour.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_panzerjager_panther Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos

{{Youtube-gallery|uCO0chq-xcw|'''The Shooting Range #186''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:37 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|lpBqzSQyuv0|'''Tank Chats #153 - Jagdpanther - The Tank Museum''' - ''The Tank Museum''|bpMgT_WH36g|'''Jagdpanther: King Tiger's Gun & Panther's Chassis''' - ''Military History Visualized''|4bj1Tm7YNrs|'''Jagdpanther Tactics''' - ''Military History Visualized''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Panzer V Panther (Family)]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[SU-100]]
* [[CA Lorraine]]

== External links ==


* [[Wikipedia:Jagdpanther|[Wikipedia] Jagdpanther]]
* [http://storage.net-fs.com/hosting/3912593/3/index.htm 3D Experience - Jagdpanther interior]

{{Germany tank destroyers}}

Begleitpanzer 57

2024-05-26T16:37:27Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_begleitpanzer_57
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a combined project from the Thyssen-Henschel and Bofors companies. It was developed to engage and destroy Soviet APC and IFV formations without the need of additional anti tank weaponry, be that from Panzer companies or dedicated anti tank infantry. The design was basically, a Marder IFV chassis with a rapid fire 57mm autocannon, as well as a TOW ATGM launcher with a reload mechanism that could be operated from inside the vehicle. However for an IFV, the Begleitpanzer had very little armour, and was too heavy and sluggish for a scout vehicle, as such, the project was canceled.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.73 "Vive la France"]]. At first glance, the '''Begleitpanzer 57''' may be confused for a SPAA due to the light armoured chassis and the rapid-firing 57 mm autocannon. On the turret is also a TOW launcher with SACLOS guidance, meaning it will automatically align itself with where the crosshair is pointing. As it shares the same chassis, the Begleitpanzer 57's construction is similar to that of the [[Marder A1-]], with light armour all around and sides that heavy machine guns can penetrate. The main cannon's exterior mounting also means it can be disabled by machine guns and shrapnel. As a light tank, the Begleitpanzer 57 carries great firepower and high mobility. The 57 mm autocannon has a penetration power close to that of the [[ZSU-57-2]]'s, but the addition of a TOW launcher system makes this vehicle able to engage heavier targets.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 11 mm (76°), 32 mm (32°) ''Front glacis'' 32 mm (31-61°) ''Lower glacis'' || 15 mm (30°) ''Top'' 15 mm || 11 mm (24°) ''Top'' 11 mm (26°) || 11 mm
|-
| Turret || 25 mm (39°) ''Turret front'' 25 mm (0-9°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 15 mm (12-16°) ''Left side'' 15 mm ''Right side'' || 15 mm (39°) || 11 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 11 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,116|rbMinHp=637}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|Bofors L/70 Mk.1 (57 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Bofors L/70 Mk.1 (57 mm)|57 mm Bofors L/70 Mk.1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Autoloader
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 148 || rowspan="2" | 200 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+45° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 52.4 || 72.5 || 88.0 || 97.3 || 103.5 || rowspan="2" | 0.30
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 32.7 || 38.5 || 46.8 || 51.7 || 55.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Bofors L/70 Mk.1 (57 mm)/Ammunition|57x438 AP-T, 57x438 SAP-T, 57x438 HE-T, 57x438 HE-VT}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''148''' || 48 ''(+100)'' || 24 ''(+124)'' || 0 ''(+148)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Racks 2 and 3 are first stage ammo racks. They total 48 shells and get filled first when loading up the tank.
* As the {{PAGENAME}} is equipped with mechanized magazines, manual reloading of the gun is not possible.
* Once racks 2 and 3 have been depleted, you can't shoot until the loader has restocked the mechanized magazines. The restocking time is longer than the normal reload time of the gun. Take this into account when playing.
* Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1 into rack 3 then 2. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready racks.
* The depletion order at full capacity is: 2 - 3 - 1.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|BGM-71 TOW}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[BGM-71 TOW]] ATGM || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Autoloader
|-
| 6 || -6°/+20° || - || - || 10.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:BGM-71 TOW/Ammunition|TOW, I-TOW}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}_secondary.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''6''' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 5,000 (200) || 1,200 || - || -
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Begleitpanzer 57 is a very capable light tank and support vehicle. With proximity fuse HE shells in its 57 mm cannon, it can effectively engage air targets, and can destroy enemy IFVs and even MBTs with its high-penetration rounds. However, when shooting at enemy planes, it is best to wait until they are close before firing, since the vehicle does not have a very high ammo count. Alternatively, the vehicle carries missiles which can be used very effectively to destroy both helicopters and tanks at long ranges. The missile's travel time must be taken in to consideration, but it is nice to have when the enemy is too far away to engage with the 57 mm cannon.

The Begleitpanzer's main cannon can sometimes destroy MBTs from the front, but does damage much more consistently when shooting the enemy's weaker armoured side. For this reason, it is often wise to adopt an ambushing or flanking playstyle. This is helped by the vehicle's small profile and good mobility. It is easy to reach good firing positions and manoeuvre around the enemy quickly and without being seen. (And since the vehicle has poor armour, avoiding being seen will be very important for survival).

While the cannon shares its calibre with the Soviet [[S-68 (57 mm)|57 mm S-68 cannon]], it is quite different in performance with a slower rate of fire and a lesser accuracy. The penetration power is considerably inferior compared to the APCBC belt of the S-68 at 1 km distance. The HE round can be completely ignored as it can not reliably go through the side armour of most MBTs it faces. All of this means that long range firepower relies mainly on your ATGM, of which you only have 6. Upgrading to the better ATGM is highly encouraged due to its increased penetration.

At the end of the day, the Begleitpanzer can be played as a light tank scout. It can't engage the enemy front-on, but it can be a valuable asset to the team and is lethal when played in the correct positions. Be sure to use the scouting ability to help friendly players locate enemy tanks. During night battles, the NVD modification will make scouting both easier to do and even more helpful to the team.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Effective against tanks and aircraft/helicopters
* Has ability to utilise scouting mechanic
* Lethal when shooting enemies from the side
* 1st generation gunner thermals
* Proximity HE shells are very good against helicopters (proxy fuse is only active after 500 m)
* Has access to a laser rangefinder

'''Cons:'''

* Limited gun elevation (45°) to deal with enemy planes
* Cannot destroy many enemies frontally
* Fairly low ammunition count
* Gun breech is easily destroyed
* Must stop to fire ATGMs
* Loses accuracy when firing continuously
* No smoke of any kind

== History ==


=== [[wt:en/news/5069-development-begleitpanzer-57-bofors-marder-united-at-last-en|Devblog]] ===
The armoured fire-support vehicle Begleitpanzer 57 is a combined project from the Thyssen-Henschel and Bofors companies, developed for scouting and destroying lightly armoured Soviet APCs and IFVs without needing tank divisions for support. To achieve this, the engineers chose the chassis of the German Marder infantry fighting vehicle and installed an adapted version of an automatic 57mm ship cannon on it. Moreover, for fighting with enemy tanks, the Begleitpanzer was equipped with American TOW guided anti-tank rockets and a reloading system for the rocket launcher was developed and placed inside the vehicle's hull.

The result was a fast and light infantry fighting machine capable of destroying enemy tanks and armoured personnel carriers at impressive ranges. At the same time, it could also land a small group of 3 infantry scouts. Sounds like a great idea! But it was the very universality of the Begleitpanzer 57 that prevented the vehicle from going into series production. The Begleitpanzer 57 turned out to be too lightly armoured for an infantry fighting machine, and too heavily armoured for a scout tank, plus it was not adapted for overcoming significant water obstacles. The military commission rejected the experimental prototype and the project was closed.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_begleitpanzer_57 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Y6Tr5XrBQsQ|'''The Begleit Becomes "Balanced" - Begleitpanzer''' - ''JustinPlays''|ZQ0XIBPcF4E|'''The Shooting Range #73''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:30 discusses the Begleitpanzer 57.|2h5kFyznXKU|'''Best IFVs''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:41 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


;Light tanks based on the same chassis

* [[Marder A1-]]
* [[Marder 1A3]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5069-development-begleitpanzer-57-bofors-marder-united-at-last-en|[Devblog] Begleitpanzer 57: Bofors/Marder united at last!]]

{{Germany light tanks}}
[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]

BV 238

2024-05-26T16:31:54Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{Specs-Card
|code=bv-238
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was the largest aircraft produced during WWII by the Axis Powers. With a size intended to demonstrate the marvels of German technological superiority, it also served as a show of force. With an equal weight to two B-29A-BN Superfortresses, the aircraft was powered by six DB.603V 12-cylinder radial engines and could reach 424 km/h at 6 km altitude, with a range of over 10,000 km. The aircraft never advanced beyond the experimental stage, since the BV 238 V1 was destroyed by Allies as it sat hidden near the town of Lübeck.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]]. The BV 238 is a slow though very well armoured and armed bomber. Capable of landing in water which is a rare occurrence for an aircraft of its size. It is very capable thanks to its large bomb payload of 20 x 250Kg bombs which is enough to destroy a base or several ground targets in realistic battles, and is also very well defended, with dorsal turrets consisting of dual MG 151 20mm autocannons while all other turrets use quad MG 131 HMGs. Thanks to this, an interceptor approaching alone from behind the BV 238 can consider itself destroyed, or at least in grave danger. The best way to deal with the BV 238 is a high speed dive from above, trying to hit the pilots or the engines. A few engines destroyed in the BV 238 are enough to make it lose speed at a constant rate, making it eventually crash.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


[[File:BV238 trinitythewolf 001.jpg|450px|thumb|right|''Little buddy'']]
Due to being an aircraft of this size, it is no surprise that the {{PAGENAME}} is a very sluggish plane when it comes to making changes in flight. Typical characteristics of this aircraft are slow acceleration, poor climb rate, low top speed, pitiful turn rate and an agonizingly slow roll rate, the {{PAGENAME}} is a handful and will not out-perform any aircraft it will face in-game. If necessary, combat flaps can significantly decrease the turn time, however, manoeuvres like this should be limited as it can expose the bomber to enemy fighters looking for an advantage.

While at altitude, to get away from inbound fighters, it may be tempting to dive down to a lower altitude, however, this may be counterproductive as it will put the fragile bomber at a much lower altitude and in range of many more enemy fighters. For this aircraft, altitude is king and the best place from which it can bomb. When being attacked, ensure the gunners have a clear shot at the incoming enemy fighter and if necessary, switch to gunner-view and staff the turrets yourself. Even if the {{PAGENAME}} ends up going down, make sure the enemy fighter goes with you

The only notably good flight characteristic of the {{PAGENAME}} is the low stall speed of the flying boat, which allows it to glide long distances at low speeds and makes it incredibly easy to land this massive aircraft in the water.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,600 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 401 || 390 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.4 || 33.2 || 1.6 || 1.6 || rowspan="2" | 3,000
|-
! Upgraded
| 443 || 421 || 28.7 || 30.0 || 4.6 || 3.0
|-
|}
[[File:BV238 sgtroach 001.jpg|450px|thumb|right|]]
==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 401 || 377 || 250 || ~3 || ~1
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 360 || < 360 || < 280 || > 314
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 6,600 m || 1,500 hp || 1,650 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

[[File:BV238 i alt3 you 001.jpg|450px|thumb|right|]]

* 5 mm Steel plate behind pilot.

Though the {{PAGENAME}} almost entirely lacks armour, it is a highly survivable plane. Massive areas of empty space within the fuselage as well as the iconic six engines of this behemoth cause the bomber to be an incredibly tough target to take down. With smart use of Manual Engine Controls to disable engines and manipulate radiators, a BV 238 pilot can nurse even a critically damaged bomber several kilometres home safely. Due to the plane's role as a flying boat, the belly of the bomber is unusually durable, and can easily survive landings on land-based runways in spite of the BV 238's lack of a wheeled landing gear. The wings of this massive aircraft are the weak points, if a cannon bearing aircraft manages to cause one of the wings to snap, there is nothing stopping the {{PAGENAME}} from crashing to the earth.

In terms of crew members, the {{PAGENAME}} houses an impressive ten crew members, with two crew members in the flight deck and five more each manning various gunner positions around the aircraft, and three more miscellaneous crew. This makes the {{PAGENAME}} very hard to neuter, as the crew members are spaced '''very''' far apart, with one gunner on each wing past the third engine, two near the flight deck, and one in the tail of the aircraft, altogether making it nigh-impossible to prevent return fire from the bomber.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|SC250JA (250 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 20 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs (5,000 kg total)

With only one ordnance option, the {{PAGENAME}} does not spoil the pilot with choices. However, this bombload is exceptional for any bomber found at this battle rating, allowing a single bomber to destroy three bombing points with no allied aid. The {{PAGENAME}}'s bombload is located in the wings, 10 in each bomb bay, which must be opened prior to ordnance drop.

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|MG 151 (20 mm)|MG 131 (13 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 20 mm MG 151/20 cannons, front dorsal turret (700 rpg = 1,400 total)
* 4 x 13 mm MG 131 machine guns, nose turret (1,800 rpg = 7,200 total)
* 4 x 13 mm MG 131 machine guns, 2 x wing turrets (900 rpg = 3,600 total)
* 4 x 13 mm MG 131 machine guns, tail turret (900 rpg = 3,600 total)

[[File:BV238 hc dwain 001.jpg|450px|thumb|right|Night flight when the rear-facing gunners open up on an enemy attacker. There is no doubt where those guns are firing!]]
The {{PAGENAME}} is equipped with an excellent selection of defensive positions. On the upper surface of the aircraft sits a deadly dual-20 mm dorsal turret, containing two [[MG 151/20 (20 mm)|MG 151]] cannons which are capable of inflicting critical damage to aircraft with just few hits. This turret mainly covers the port and starboard sides of the boat, as well as directly in front of the nose, with the {{PAGENAME}}'s massive tail section blocking a considerable amount of the turret's rearview. To cover for this blind spot, the {{PAGENAME}} also has three rear-facing turrets each equipped with quad [[MG 131 (13 mm)|MG 131]] 13 mm machine gun setup. These machine-gun points have high fire rates and large ammo counts allowing for sustained fire. As a bonus, the bomber also has an additional quad MG 131 turret in the nose. This quad MG turret is very useful against head-on engagements.

Unlike most bombers and especially unlike those comparable in battle rating to it, the {{PAGENAME}} is '''very''' well-defended, which combines with the plane's excellent survivability to make the bomber an incredibly lethal platform, in spite of the plane's extremely poor flight performance. There are very few blind spots, not a single gunner can reach and those enemy aircraft which end up on the tail of the {{PAGENAME}} can potentially end up facing down not only twelve x 13 mm machine guns, but also two 20 mm cannons on top of that.

== Usage in battles ==


Though slightly unusual in design, the {{PAGENAME}} is a strategic bomber through and through. It carries a massive bombload allowing the bomber to decimate several bombing points and deliver more ordnance yet to the enemy airfield. Due to its incredible endurance, it can stay airborne for longer than most other aircraft could and inflict far more damage than its contemporaries could bear.

The {{PAGENAME}}'s main job in battle is to deliver its payload to the strategic objectives found around the map and has a secondary use as a gunship with its impressive "defensive" armament. {{PAGENAME}} pilots should seek to bait enemy fighters, who typically have poor high altitude performance at this battle rating, into following the behemoth before mowing them down with an unrelenting and lethal cloud of lead from its eighteen defensive guns.

BV 238 pilots should avoid head-on attacks where possible, the easiest way to take a {{PAGENAME}} out of action is to instantly knock out the pilot during a head-on attack. However, in the event of an unavoidable head-on, switch to gunner-view and manually staff the forward turrets and unleash fire and fury on whoever is attempting to bring you down as at this point it is perfectly acceptable to "spray and pray" you have plenty of ammo to spare and the survivability of the {{PAGENAME}} depends on it.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

[[File:Waterland bv 238.jpg|thumb|450x450px]]

=== Pros and cons ===

[[File:BV238 colonelklink1942 001.jpg|450px|thumb|right|]]

'''Pros:'''

* Impressive bomb load (5 tons payload in the form of 20 x 250 kg bombs)
* Extremely durable airframe, with a large crew compliment
* Excellent defensive armament in most-all directions, eighteen total defensive machine guns and autocannons
* Ability to land on water and rearm/repair from nearby carriers; can also land on land-based runways without landing gear
* Handles well for such a large aircraft
* When at higher altitudes, difficult for fighters to easily reach
* Its massive fuselage acts as a bullet sponge that can soak up huge amounts of ammunition rounds in the body of the aircraft (larger calibre rounds excepted)

'''Cons:'''

* The largest aircraft in War Thunder, thus an easily identifiable and desirable target
* Large aircraft with a large payload equals very challenging to fly (manoeuvrability suffers when fully loaded)
* No access to landing gear, must belly land (causing damage) or land on water
* Easy to destroy from the underside due to lack of ventral turrets
* Easy target when flying at low altitudes
* Weak points include pilots, wings, and tails, any rocket-carrying aircrafts are the bane of this flying boat
* Convergence of wing gunners makes it difficult to aim

== History ==

The Blohm & Voss BV 238 was an experimental flying boat that saw development and flight trials in 1944. With a wingspan of just over 60 m and a length of 43.5 m, the BV 238 was a truly gargantuan aircraft, being, in fact, the heaviest aircraft in existence at the time. Powered by six DB.603V 12-cylinder radial engines, the BV 238 could reach 424 km/h at 6 km altitude, with a range of over 10,000 km.<ref name="Yenne" />

Blohm & Voss Flugzeugbau designer and leader of the flying boat project, Hans H. Amtmann stated in an autobiography, "''The RLM issued a request for a large flying boat. In spite of the fact that Erhard Milch, the powerful secretary to the Air Minister Göring, wanted this flying boat developed and built by the Dornier company, the technical staff of the Air Ministry selected our design and the contract went to our company.''"<ref name="Harrison" />

{{quote
|Little known fact: Blohm & Voss arranged for students to build a manned flyable 1:4 scale model of the BV 238 for early testing.<ref name="Harrison" />
}}

However, the sole flyable BV 238 prototype met an unfortunate end before the series could enter production, as only four days before the end of the war, Allied Fighters discovered and destroyed the BV 238 V1 as it sat hidden near the town of Lübeck in a side arm of the large lake Schaalsee.<ref name="Allward" /><ref name="Harrison" />

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=bv-238 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:BV238 WTWallpaper 001.jpg
File:BV238 WTWallpaper 002.jpg
File:BV238 WTWallpaper 003.jpg
File:BV238 WTWallpaper 004.jpg
File:BV238 WTWallpaper 005.jpg
File:BV238 WTWallpaper 006.jpg
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|abgr1kKAnQE|'''BV-238 - The Biggest Aircraft In The Game!!!''' - ''TheHurricaneHunter // NickTHH''|iQ97c_m8G0I|'''The Shooting Range #16''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:42 discusses the BV 238.|ARvgfqS0TzA|'''Largest Plane In War Thunder! - BV 238 German Boat Plane''' - ''Drae''|osemimTmF78|'''Premium Review: BV-238 (the new Tu-4)''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Kawanishi [[H8K2|H8K]] Emily (⅓rd the size at 32.5 tons)

;Even smaller flying boats

* Beriev [[Be-6]] (29.0 tons)
* Short [[Sunderland Mk V|Sunderland]] (27.2 tons)
* Martin [[PBM-3 "Mariner"]] (21.1 tons)

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4245-development-bv-238-the-largest-aircraft-en|[Development<nowiki>]</nowiki> BV 238: The Largest Aircraft]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/331461-bv-238-v1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="Yenne">Yenne, Bill. Seaplanes of the World. Cobb: First Glance Books, 1997. ISBN 9781885440075. </ref>
<ref name="Allward">Allward, Maurice. An Illustrated History of Seaplanes and Flying Boats. New York: Barnes and Noble Books, 1993. ISBN 9780880292863</ref>
<ref name="Harrison">Harrison, J. (Ed.). (2016). Hitler's 'Wonder Weapon' Bomber Project - Luftwaffe - Secret Bombers of the Third Reich. (38-40), Lincolnshire, UK: Mortons Media Group. ISBN: 978-1-911276-06-7</ref>
</references>

{{AirManufacturer BlohmVoss}}
{{Germany bombers}}
{{Germany premium aircraft}}

Ersatz M10

2024-05-26T03:32:19Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
|about = mocked up German Panther tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage = other versions
|link = Panther tank (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_pzkpfw_V_ersatz_m10
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==
The '''Ersatz M10''', was built on the purpose of mimicking the American [[M10 GMC|M10 tank destroyer]]. It was a result of a German plan during the Operation Watch on the Rhine. The plan consisted of sabotaging American and British forces as much as possible before the "Battle of the Bulge". The plan required the use of German soldiers armed and fitted with American and British Gear, captured allied tanks, jeeps, APCs and trucks. However with very short time to prepare, low supplies of captured gear and other issues, the Germans disguised their Panther tanks to look like American M10 Tank Destroyers. Although in the greater scheme of things the operation was not successful, as no important areas were occupied. the Ersatz M10 did manage to cause paranoia in allied forces, making them unable to safely identify allied M10s from disguised Panthers from the distance, resulting in several friendly fire incidents, however, these incidents were not enough to change the course of the battle.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.75 "La Résistance"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/5224-special-festive-quest-en|2017 "Festive Quest"]] event. The Ersatz M10, performance wise, is the same as a Panther Ausf.G in terms of armour layout but with the automotive power of the Ausf. A. The tank packs a powerful 75mm KwK 42 cannon and has a very good armour protection at the front of the turret but specially in the hull, thanks to its sloped armour design. The vehicle, as all Panthers, suffers from a poor turret rotation speed and a very mediocre reverse speed of only 4KM/h, which is not enough to retreat during dangerous situations. With the armour stacked at the sides of the vehicle, carrying just the minimal amount is recommended to avoid ammo detonation. The poor reverse speed requires this tank to be played cautiously, sniping at long ranges or advancing with allied coverage is a good way of using this vehicle. It is also possible to shoot while on the move even in uneven terrain, although it might require some skill, thanks to the suspension of the tank, that allows for relatively smooth driving when compared to other tanks around its BR.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour
*Structural steel (Ersatz)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides (Slope angle) !! Rear (Slope angle) !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 80 + 3.5 mm (55°) ''Front glacis'' 50 + 7 mm (56°) ''Lower glacis'' || 50 mm (30°) ''Top'' 41.5 + 3.5 mm ''Lower'' || 40 + 3.5 mm (24°) || 17 mm
|-
| Turret || 100 + 3.5 mm ''Turret front'' 100-120 + 3.5 mm ''Gun mantlet''|| 45 + 3.5 mm || 45 + 3.5 mm || 15 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspensions wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Wheels are interleaved and can provide layered 20 mm armour.
* Belly armour front part is 18 mm thick while the back part is 15 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=930|rbMinHp=531}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|KwK42 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[KwK42 (75 mm)|75 mm KwK42]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 82 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 19.04 || 26.35 || 32.00 || 35.39 || 37.65 || rowspan="2" | 9.62 || rowspan="2" | 8.51 || rowspan="2" | 7.84 || rowspan="2" | 7.40
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 11.90 || 14.00 || 17.00 || 18.80 || 20.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:KwK42 (75 mm)/Ammunition|PzGr 39/42, Sprgr. 42}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Panther_G.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the Panther G (identical).]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''82''' || 80 ''(+2)'' || 74 ''(+8)'' || 62 ''(+20)'' || 50 ''(+32)'' || 38 ''(+44)'' || 26 ''(+56)'' || 22 ''(+60)'' || 12 ''(+70)'' ||4 ''(+78)'' || 1 ''(+81)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* As they are modeled by sets of 2 or 3, shells disappear from the rack only after you fire all shells in the set.
* Right side empty: 50 ''(+32)'' shells.
* Both sides empty: 22 ''(+60)'' shells.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG34 (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG34]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (150) || 900 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Ersatz M10 can be played by its mobility or its firepower, along with its frontal armour, in a movement battle or a sniping battle. Both actions can be interleaved for a flexible fighting style on the battlefield.

'''Movement''' 
The Ersatz M10's basis of a Panther has a rather high top speed for its weight, along with its stable suspension, and so it can be used to get towards locations not typically expected of a vehicle of its calibre. It can be decided to move up to the direct front of the fighting or the flank locations.

Moving up front favors an assault/brawling style of fighting and so the mobility, armour, and firepower is emphasized to resist surprise encounters in the front and take down defenses quickly and efficiently. A benefit the Ersatz has over its fellow BR 5.7 [[Panther D|Panther D]] is its fast turret traverse, making reactions to enemies much faster. Make sure allies are present as the Ersatz's side armour are very weak to enemy flanking fire and the relatively slow reload rate would desire an additional gun to protect the Ersatz during these down times. Be very cautious when moving up in enemy territory as the Ersatz's poor reverse speed will make extraction from a dangerous situation nigh-impossible, with the more preferable action being a fighting last stand in the worst case scenario.

An Ersatz moving through the flanks will put it into a prime location for sniping fire away from enemy focus, while utilizing distance as a secondary protection against enemy fire, which could lose enough penetration to not go through the front glacis.

'''Firepower''' 
The Ersatz's 75 mm gun is powerful enough to use in a sniping manner, with a small shell drop-off by distance that gives range estimation a smaller margin of error. As such, while the allies push up towards an objective, the Ersatz can stand back in an overwatch position and look out for enemy tanks that are approaching. The Ersatz can then use its long reach to attack these enemies as they are more focused on allies than the far-off Ersatz. Even in cases when the 75 mm will not penetrate, it can provide cover fire so that the enemy would not risk moving in fear of being nailed by a high-velocity 75 mm shell. Standing far would also be able to make the most of the front armour with the aforementioned penetration drop by distance. However, beware that the enemies would then try to target the turret and knock out the gun or turret crew.

There are a number of vehicles to take caution of in enemy sides.

'''Americans''' 
At its BR, the American mediums of M4 Shermans are not too hard to defeat, but the 76 mm guns are powerful enough to penetrate the turret front through the flat sections or the gun mantlet. The [[M4A3E2 (76) W|M4A3E2 (76) Jumbo]] can resist the 75 mm from the front, but weak points like the transmission, machine gun port, and hull sides are targets to shoot to destroy. The M18 Hellcat is a definite worry as their fast speed and play style would favor attacking the Panther on its flanks. It would also have access to the APCR ammunition which can increase its lethality if the enemy player knows how to use them. At higher BR, the American heavies of [[T29|T29]] and [[T34|T34]] are of higher concerns due to their great front armour and high firepower that can penetrate through the Ersatz's front armour. Without access to APCR ammunition, the Ersatz can't exploit the flat gun mantlet on those two heavy tanks, resorting to very clever placements in the turret with the default APCBC or the front lower glacis for a frontal encounter.

'''British''' 
Any British tank that fires APDS can penetrate the upper glacis. The 17 pounder can sometimes go through the lower glacis at shorter ranges too. Any standard AP or APHE shell of a calibre above the 80-90 mm range (aka 100 mm and above) will penetrate the {{PAGENAME}} anywhere frontally.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent mobility and top speed.
* Fantastic 75mm gun. Has great accuracy, fire rate, penetration, and damage potential.
* Strong frontal armour.
* Has an additional 3.5 mm of spaced armour encasing the entire tank.
* Additional steel plates can screen the prominent turret weak points from easy targeting by the enemy
* The removal of the commander's cupola removes a potential weak spot when going hull-down.

'''Cons:'''

* Still suffers from the terrible reverse speed of normal Panthers
* Even with the additional armour plating, the side armour is still incredibly thin
* Doesn't have access to APCR rounds
* Massive size for a vehicle designed to mimic an M10. Smart sim players will easily be able to tell the two apart
* Not within the matchmaking range of the actual M10, hard to mimic a tank which is not in the match

== History ==

===Operation Griffin===
During the planning of ''Unternehmen Wacht am Rein'' (Operation Watch on the Rhine) in late 1944, the battle plan for the offensive that would later become famous as the "Battle of the Bulge", SS-Obersturmbannführer Otto Skorzeny, an SS commando most famous for his break-out of Benito Mussolini from Allied captivity in September of 1943, came up with a plan to sabotage Allied forces by infiltrating their ranks with men disguised as American and British soldiers equipped with captured Allied weapons, vehicles and equipment to cause mass confusion and paranoia behind Allied lines. The plan was approved immediately, and given the code name "''Unternehmen Greif'' (Operation Griffin).

Part of this plan included the formation of Panzer Brigade 150, a unit formed from all branches of the German armed forces. Originally, the request was made for fifteen tanks, twenty armoured cars, one hundred jeeps, forty motorcycles and one hundred and twenty trucks, along with 3,000 men and enough British and American weapons and uniforms to outfit them all.

Almost immediately, however, problems arose during the planning stage. First, Skorzeny had only five or six weeks to plan the operation, which limited his available forces and material considerably. Second, of the 3,000 men requested, only 2,500 men could be provided. Of that number, less than ten of them could convincingly speak English, the vast majority having only basic education in English through primary school classes, which they spoke with German accents and with no knowledge of British or American idioms or slang. Finally, there were numerous problems with equipment. Attacks on German rail lines meant that most of the requested equipment would be delayed until well past the deadline for the start of the operation, which greatly limited available supply of Allied material. Of the fifteen tanks requested, only two Shermans in poor condition could be found in time, and far fewer numbers of armoured cars, jeeps and trucks were sent to the brigade than the plan had originally called for. Communication problems had also caused Polish and Russian equipment to get sent to the brigade, which would be useless for infiltrating American and British lines.

One of the ways which the Germans made up for the lack of suitable Allied tanks was to disguise Panther tanks as M10 tank destroyers by removing their tall commander's cupolas with a flat two-piece hatch, applying sheets of thin angled metal to their hulls and turrets, painting them OD green and giving them U.S military identification marks, though nothing could be done about the Schachtellaufwerk suspension, which looked nothing like the VVSS system of the M10, the muzzle brake, which was needed to fire safely and did not appear on the M10 except for the British 17-pounder armed Achilles. These "Ersatz M10's" were intended to look convincing from a distance, allowing them to get in close and strike Allied targets before they could react. The Germans planned to get around the inevitable problem of friendly fire by having the tanks signal their true identities to friendly forces in a number of ways. These included keeping their guns aimed in the 9 o'clock position, the commanders and crew wearing colored scarves or removing their helmets, and identifying markers on the tanks themselves such as a yellow triangle, and flashing blue or red torch lights for identification at night.

Despite these numerous problems with material and manpower, ''Unternehmen Greif'' would proceed as scheduled on the 16th of December, 1944.

===The Battle of Malmedy===
The initial plan for the Ersatz M10's along with the rest of Panzer Brigade 150 was to advance behind the 1st SS Panzer Division, the 12th SS Panzer Division and the 12th Volksgrenadier Division until they reached the High Fens, a heavily forested plateau. At that point, they would move around the divisions and split into three units, with the aim of going behind enemy lines and attacking and holding the bridges over the Meuse river at Amay, Huy and Andenne before they could be destroyed by the Allies to halt the German advance.

However, for Panzer Brigade 150, ''Unternehmen Greif'' effectively ended before it even started. Massive traffic jams had formed during the initial stages of the battle, holding up the entire German offensive. Among these, the 1st Panzer Brigade was delayed and did not arrive in the assembly area for over two days, which meant that Panzer Brigade 150 was delayed from its objectives as well. Skorzeny realized that he no longer had the time required to complete his objectives and rather than continue with the doomed plan, he requested that his forces be used as a regular fighting force and used to take the town of Malmedy.

After several attempts to take the town, the Brigade was repelled by American forces and suffered heavy losses from American artillery strikes. Skorzeny was one of the battle's casualties, wounded by shrapnel from an artillery shell. One American soldier, Private Frances S. Currey of the 120th Infantry Division, would later receive the Congressional Medal of Honor for knocking out four of tanks with bazooka fire and anti-tank grenades, including at least one of these disguised Panthers, rescuing five of his comrades in the process. This would be the Germans only attempt at taking the town, and Panzer Brigade 150 would later be relieved, disbanded and replaced by the 18th Volksgrenadier Division on the 28th of December.

Despite Panzer Brigade 150's failure to achieve its objectives, the overall objective of ''Unternehmen Greif'' succeeded to a limited degree. Paranoia among Allied troops led to numerous friendly fire incidents, and false information by a captured commando of a plot to assassinate Supreme Allied Commander Eisenhower in Paris led to his brief confinement. Ultimately, however, this confusion and paranoia had little overall effect on the battle. Numerous damaged and abandoned Ersatz M10's were captured after the Battle of Malmedy and were evaluated by Allied intelligence. No records of what happened to these disguised tanks are available, though it can be reasonably assumed that the tanks were scrapped after their evaluations by the Allies, and no examples are known to have survived to the present day.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_pzkpfw_V_ersatz_m10 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5223-panther-ersatz-m10-master-of-sabotage-en|[News] Panther Ersatz M10: Master of Sabotage]]

{{TankManufacturer MAN AG}}
{{Germany medium tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}
{{Winter Event}}

Jagdpanzer 38(t)

2024-05-26T03:18:09Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_jgdpz_38t
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''' ([[Abbreviations#.28DE.29_Sd.Kfz._Index|German armoury designation:]] Sd.Kfz. 138/2) (also known by the misnomer '''"Hetzer"''' ''([[#Media|Endurance Hunter]]) in this case'') began development at the end of WWII, in a state with Germany on its knees and fighting in several fronts while trying to hold its ground. The Hetzer, as it was called, was meant to replace the Marder series of TDs as they were underprotected. It used the chassis of the Panzer 38(t), that being with some modifications, like heavily angled front armour. The tank carried a powerful 75mm PaK39 L/48 cannon and had a good record on its name. Due to its low profile, could be well hidden, its sloped front armour granted it some protection against cannons such as the 76mm M3 or the 76mm armed T-34s. It suffered however from a poor side armour, penetrated even by AT Rifles, and the crew compartment was very cramped, with only 3 hatches for all crewmembers. A total of 2287 were produced from 1944 to 1945.

It was one of the first vehicles introduced in the opening of "Ground Forces" in [[Update 1.41]] after the Closed Beta Test. The Jagdpanzer 38(t) is a low-profile tank destroyer capable of concealing itself and annihilating adversaries as they come, equipped with a powerful main gun, yet with impressive front armour capable of withstanding a moderate amount of enemy fire. It is pretty versatile for a TD, its gun is able to kill most enemies around its BR, and its front armour is good enough to deal with most foes. It takes advantage of hills and chokepoints on the map, being very hard to kill from the front and a very powerful asset at long ranges or when surrounded by allies. When alone, it is vulnerable as its side armour can be penetrated even by autocannon fire. With this in mind, the Hetzer is specially vulnerable to aircrafts.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

Don't bother trying to crack through the front armour of the Jagdpanzer 38(t) unless in possession of a very good gun and ammo. Specifications list the front armour as 60 mm thick, but sloped at a 60 degree angle causes it to become 120 mm in effectiveness, quite thick for the battle rating it is in. Try to flank it to the sides or the rear and even in a heavily sloped format, there will be a likely chance the 75 mm shells will penetrate due to how thin the side and rear armour are (20 mm and 10 mm respectively). If unable to reach the side of the Jagdpanzer 38(t), an artillery or aerial strike could harass the Jagdpanzer 38(t) out of its comfort zone and even potentially disable it.

If there are no other choice but to go against it up front, there are some weak spots in the front area. Starting from the smallest, there are some sweet spots around the gun mount area where a lucky shell might penetrate, but these are very unlikely so only aim for these in the worst case scenario. The driver vision port is a tempting target on the front, not only is it a weak spot, but behind that are the driver, gunner, and commander! If one shot gets through here cleanly, there is a very high chance of making a shot cause a crew knock-out. The last weak point, and also the largest, is the lower glacis area on the vehicle. The lower glacis only has an effective armour thickness of 80 mm compared to the front glacis sloping armour of 120 mm, making it easier to penetrate for even weaker guns.

'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Lower side hull)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 60 mm (40-60°), 60 mm (60°) ''Front glacis'' 60 mm (40°) ''Transmission housing'' 70 mm ''Gun mantlet''|| 20 mm (40°) ''Top'' 20 mm (15°) ''Bottom'' || 8 mm (68°) ''Top'' 20 mm (14°) ''Bottom'' || 8 mm (90°)
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Front armour slope not even, lower part is weaker than top.
* Belly armour is 12.7 mm thick.
* A small patch on the turret front right side is thinner (50.8 mm) than the rest (76.2 mm).
* Bolt edges on the transmission housing are 101.6 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=227|rbMinHp=142}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

As with any vehicle, research ''Parts'' and ''FPE'' modifications first to prevent any early knock-outs from fire or disabled systems. After these two, try to upgrade the vehicle's mobility and firepower, and aim towards the ''PzGr 40'' shell, this will give a real edge in combat. Don't use the ''Hl.Gr 38B'' HEAT round as it doesn't give enough penetration, but it can help against hull-breakable vehicles.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|PaK39 L48 (75 mm)}}

The main gun is a decent 75 mm gun with a stock APCBC shell penetrating 140 mm of armour at most. This penetration allows the vehicle to pierce through almost all tanks around its BR, and upon penetration the 28.9 g of explosives will do a great job finishing off the crew thus destroying the tank. The fast reloading time allows it to deal with multiple enemies effectively. However, sometimes it will face well-armoured opponents like the Jumbos and the Churchill VIIs, in which case the player will struggle to penetrate them with the stock round. This is when the researchable APCR becomes useful. Remember to shoot at the flat armour plates, not the angled parts.

The horizontal and vertical guidance are average. The player might want to aim higher due to the fact that the cannon is quite short-barreled which makes the shell drop more. Also note that because of its gun placement (at one side), when firing to the left side the recoil will actually push the tank to the right, so the player will have to adjust the hull position after a few shots. In addition, because it is a pretty small vehicle, the gun feels less stable and more wobbly when the player stops and aims.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PaK39 L48 (75 mm)|75 mm PaK39 L48]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 41 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+10° || rowspan="2" | -5°/+11° || rowspan="2" | N/A ||7.04||9.75||11.84||13.09||13.93|| rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" |6.78|| rowspan="2" |6.25|| rowspan="2" | 5.90
|-
! ''Realistic''
|4.76|| 5.60 ||6.80||7.52|| 8.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:PaK39 L48 (75 mm)/Ammunition|PzGr 39, Hl.Gr 38B, PzGr 40, K.Gr.Rot Nb., Sprgr. 34}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''41''' || 28 ''(+13)'' || 14 ''(+27)'' || 1 ''(+40)'' || Yes
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Racks disappear after you've fired all shells in the rack.
* The visual discrepancy concerns the number of shells per rack as well as the total number of sells (38 shells modeled for 41 available).
** Rack 1 is modeled as 12 shells but it will disappear after you've fired 14 shells from it.
** Rack 2 is modeled as 13 shells but it will disappear after you've fired 14 shells from it.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG34 (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG34]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 2,100 (150) || 900 || ±10° || -90°/+120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Jagdpanzer 38(t) tank destroyer is armed with a [[PaK39 L48 (75 mm)|75 mm PaK39 L48]] cannon, making it quite capable of taking out enemy armour at its battle rating. Use its speed -- up to 42 km/h (26 mph) -- to take up sniping positions making full use of the frontal armour and height to achieve while the enemy deploy. Keep the distance while engaging, as this allows the Jagdpanzer 38(t) to get more mileage out of its thin but heavily sloped armour on the small size. Watch out for aircraft and artillery. To avoid being constantly targeted with artillery and bombardment, try to reposition after each enemy destroyed or a certain amount of time so as to disorientate the enemy. Be careful though in arcade battles you will be revealed so this will be much more challenging than in realistic battles.

The Jagdpanzer 38(t)'s front armour is thick, but be wary of its weak armour (which is pretty much everywhere else). The top and bottom of the Jagdpanzer 38(t) are exceptionally thin, making it very vulnerable to aircraft, artillery fire, and explosive rounds on the bottom. The side and rear armour are also very thin, so any exposure of those towards the enemy is sure to end with the Jagdpanzer 38(t) as a flaming hulk. While the front armour is thick, weaknesses on upper frontal glacis is the driver's vision port, some small spots around the gun mount, and the lower glacis. The driver's vision port and gun mount spots are tiny and so only a lucky round would be able to reliably hit these areas, but make sure to try and conceal as much of the lower glacis plate as possible as it is easier to penetrate.

'''Long Range Map Strategy:'''

The Jagdpanzer 38(t) prefers longer range maps. As it is turretless design, longer range maps allow for maximum use of the frontal armour and reduces the disadvantages of being turretless with weak side armour.

'''Short Range Map Strategy:'''

Short range maps are harder to play the Jagdpanzer 38(t) on. The speed is not as much of an asset and being turretless will not allow you to react to the enemy as quickly, which is a fatal flaw on a short range map. This makes finding sufficient concealment even more important and you'll have to think quickly before the enemy can position themselves.

'''City Map Strategy:'''

It is strongly advised against using the Jagdpanzer 38(t) in city maps. Without a turret, it will be difficult for the {{PAGENAME}} to react to any threats on the exposed side or rear armour. It is suggested to make use of any open areas or roads on the map and place the {{PAGENAME}} in a good place to ambush enemies that may attempt to drive down the roads.

'''Against the Jagdpanzer 38(t):'''

'''Light tank/SPAA''': although most light tanks or SPAA cannot really do much to a Jagdpanzer 38(t) from the front, they are usually equipped with fast-firing cannons/machine guns which is very useful to disable the Hetzer's tracks and/or cannon barrel. Destroy its track one after another so the Hetzer is immobile, then simply flank around it and take out its crew by shooting at its paper-thin side armour. If there are more enemies that you cannot flank, drop an artillery strike on it, there is a good chance that the shrapnel will destroy its track(s), engine or even the entire tank if you are close enough. Or, constantly scout it so it shows on the minimap, and ping the map to inform heavier teammates about the immobilised Hetzer.

'''Medium tank''': The Jagdpanzer 38(t)'s upper frontal armour is usually immune to most shells around its BR due to the good slopes. The lower plate is thinner, but the transmission directly behind it tend to absorb almost any penetrating shells. Although this will immobilise the Hetzer, most of the times the player may find impossible to flank due to other enemies. Try and target the very bottom edge of the lower front plate, one penetrating shell through there will shoot right below the transmission and explode in the middle of the crew compartment. Vehicles with good penetration against sloped armour and destructive explosive filler (e.g. [[T-34-85]]) will find this task easier. Be careful to not get shot though, as the Jagdpanzer 38(t)'s firepower is more than enough to knock out most medium tanks with a single shot.

'''Heavy tank/tank destroyer''': heavy tanks and tank destroyers, being able to easily destroy a Hetzer from any angle & distance, can do a great favour for their team by wiping out a well-armoured target that most of the team cannot kill frontally. The Jagdpanzer 38(t)'s frontal armour becomes virtually useless against a heavy tank or a glass-cannon tank destroyer. Tanks like the [[IS-2 (Family)|IS-2]], [[Sav m/43 (1946)]] or [[ARL-44]] will simply ignore the sloped armour thanks to the sheer penetration of their shells. Now only target the upper plate to ensure successful kills, as the lower plate will absorb the shot with the transmission. Of course, shoot at its thin side armour whenever it is possible.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Even for its rank, the Hetzer is small and can use corners and cover that other tanks can't
* At its rank, its main gun is very capable of dealing with any threat
* Sloped armour on all sides, however, the sides and rear are thin
* Equal armour all over the front with extreme sloping, so it has essentially no frontal weak spots
* Hard to hit at range due to its size, and difficult to penetrate due to its armour angles
* At long range, the sloped armour can even make high calibre shells ricochet

'''Cons:'''

* As with all tank destroyers, side and rear armour is thin, and any shots can often be fatal
* Not great in close-quarters, this vehicle is more suited for long-range engagements
* With the gun being placed to the right of the vehicle, it has a limited traverse range to the left
* The roof armour is fairly thin, which makes the Hetzer vulnerable to artillery barrages and aircraft
* Lower front glacis plate is thin in comparison to the entire front, cover this if possible
* As with turretless vehicles, the Hetzer is more vulnerable to being flanked
* Floor armour is very thin and can be penetrated by 105 mm shrapnel.
* While the gun can penetrate most targets at its rank, it suffers at long range against some more heavily armoured targets
* Driver, Gunner, and Loader are in-line with each other, making it easy to knock out the vehicle with a penetrating shot from the driver's visor
* Poor mobility for a vehicle on the 38(t) platform

== History ==

===Development===
When Germany's situation in World War II turned to a defensive war, the need for tank destroyers increased and anything that could increased Germany's armoured fighting vehicle production was needed as the Allied AFV production tables dwarf Germany's AFV production. A new tank destroyer was in demand as the current [[Marder III H|Marder]] series was under-protected, and the choice to utilize the [[Pz.38(t) F|Panzer 38(t)]] was done to not only build a more well-protected tank destroyer, but to keep in production the obsolete Panzer 38(t) chassis for the basis of stronger armoured fighting vehicles in the form of a tank destroyer.

The development of what will be called the '''Jagdpanzer 38(t)''' started in 1944, made to be a more cost-effective tank destroyer compared to the newer [[Jagdpanther]] and [[Jagdtiger]] tank destroyers. The tank used the battle-tested Panzer 38(t) chassis (though with a modified suspension and better engine), giving it a reliable record compared to the heavier tanks of Germany. The tank destroyer featured a 60 mm thick front armour angled at 60 degrees, giving it a protection of about 120 mm thick, but the side armour of 20 mm at 40 degree was very vulnerable to any anti-tank fire, even from Soviet anti-tank rifles. It carried a crew of four and a powerful 75 mm PaK39 L/48 cannon. The Hetzer had enough punch to destroy most armoured vehicles it may have encountered during the war. It was also mounted with a 7.92x57 mm MG34 remotely operated machine gun on the roof that was operated by the loader. Factories from Czech and Germany produced the Hetzer from April 1944 to May 1945. Approximately 2,287 were produced from 1944-45.

Despite its common nickname as the '''Hetzer''', no official documents actually referred to the Jagdpanzer 38(t) as so, but it was a nickname given to an experimental tank destroyer ''E-10''. The ''E-10'' looked similar to the Jagdpanzer 38(t), and a mix-up in the paperwork probably christened the Jagdpanzer 38(t) as the Hetzer that stuck, continuing to this day.

===Combat usage===
The Jagdpanzer 38(t) was efficient as a tank destroyer, well-protected due to the sloped armour, easily concealable with a low profile, and armed with a potent cannon. The Jagdpanzer 38(t) was the more common late-war tank destroyer Germany had in 1944, and proved itself as a reliable machine due using a proven tank design of the Panzer 38(t). The small profile of the Jagdpanzer 38(t) made it very easy to conceal, and this provided much of its lethality in ambushes. The drawbacks of the Jagdpanzer 38(t) was on the vehicle's fighting compartment, as it was extremely cramped. The gun had a small amount of traverse to the left side, due to the cannon's placement to the right. The side armour was very thin and vulnerable to any anti-tank weapon. Due to the cramped compartment, the commander sat separated from the rest of the crew, and also making escape from the vehicle difficult, as there were only 3 hatches.

The Jagdpanzer 38(t) proved itself a versatile tank destroyer platform in German service during World War II, as the Jagdpanzer 38(t) also was made into many variants of itself. In November 1944, Hitler ordered about 100 of these Jagdpanzer 38(t) to mount a flamethrower and named the ''Flammpanzer 38''. An armour recovery vehicle variant of which 170 was made was called the ''Bergepanzer 38''. There were many more mounting different weaponry, such as the 75 mm KwK40 of the [[Pz.IV G|Panzer IV]], 75 mm KwK42 of the [[Panther D|Panthers]], one with the 105 mm howitzer, 150 mm sIG 33 infantry gun, twin 2 cm Flak, 75 mm K51 L/24 gun and such.

After the war, the Jagdpanzer 38(t) continued to be produced in Czechoslovakia and saw service in Czechoslovakia and Switzerland. The post-war Jagdpanzer 38(t) in Czechoslovakia service was called the ''ST-I'' and the Swiss version was the ''G13'', which equipped the 75 mm StuK 40 cannon from the [[StuG III G|StuG III]]. Due to the massive amount produced and the post-war production of the Jagdpanzer 38(t), many survivors could be found in the world. Though, most survivors may be the post-war designs in from Czechoslovakia or Switzerland mocked up to look like World War II era Jagdpanzer 38(t)s by removing the cannon's muzzle brake.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
This SPG was developed by the Czechoslovakian company BMM on the chassis of the Pz.Kpfw.38(t) light tank between November, 1943 and January, 1944 as a less expensive and more easily mass-produced replacement for the StuG III assault gun. However, it was eventually reclassified as an antitank vehicle intended first and foremost for assignment to antitank infantry and cavalry divisions.

Serial production of the Jagdpanzer 38 began in April, 1944. The tank destroyers were actively used by German troops during the final stages of the war, primarily on the Soviet-German front. 75 Hetzers were also sent to Hungary between December, 1944 and January, 1945.

After the war, production of the Hetzer was resumed in Czechoslovakia, where the tank destroyer was produced to meet the needs of the Czechoslovakian army under the designation ST-I/ST-III, as well as to fill orders by Switzerland under the designation G-13. Although the Hetzers were removed from the Czechoslovakian arsenal a few years after they were produced, in Switzerland they remained part of the arsenal until 1972.

A total of 2,827 Jagdpanzer 38 SPGs were produced, as well as 318 tank destroyers.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_jgdpz_38t Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|MPdcryL47sk|'''The Shooting Range #205''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:58 discusses the Jagdpanzer 38(t).|7d-Kop_sGt8|'''The Shooting Range #162''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:35 discusses the Jagdpanzer 38(t).|SJGkovFT2VM|'''Hetzer's gonna hetz - but what exactly is hetz?''' - ''{{Annotation|DasPanzermuseum|German Tank Museum}}''}}
{{Youtube-gallery|kBc5J4AkIGc|'''Tank Chats #143 - Hetzer''' - ''The Tank Museum''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles mounted on the same chassis

* [[LT-38 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/2858/current/|[Vehicle Profile] Jagdpanzer 38(t) 'Hetzer']]
* [[Wikipedia:Hetzer|[Wikipedia] Hetzer]]

{{Germany tank destroyers}}

Ferdinand

2024-05-26T03:07:18Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_panzerjager_tiger_P_ferdinand
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' ([[Abbreviations#.28DE.29_Sd.Kfz._Index|Sd.Kfz. Index:]] '''Sd.Kfz. 184''') was a result of the competition between Porsche and Henschel for the production of the Tiger Heavy Tank. Due to Porsches overconfidence, they produced around 100 chassis of their prototype for the Tiger I, however, after the trials, their design was not chosen. Thus, with the need to find use for those chassis, Porsche designed the Ferdinand, a heavy tank destroyer meant to deliver higher firepower than the Marder III light tank destroyer already on service. The tank suffered a large number of issues, like a very high fuel consumption, poor mobility and plenty of reliability issues. But despite of that, the Ferdinand holds an impressive record in battle, with 91 units made and a 10:1 Kill-Loss ratio. After the battle of Kursk, the surviving Ferdinands were modified with secondary armament and other characteristics, they were renamed to Elefant.

It was introduced during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before Update 1.41. It is a formidable armoured tank destroyer design, the Ferdinand can withstand most frontal shots when faced from a long distance, yet deliver a devastating attack with its 88 mm cannon. The Ferdinand is a great example of a heavy tank destroyer, well armoured, and with poor mobility. With an 88mm cannon, it should be used as a sniper behind allied tanks, hills or any sort of terrain that exposes mainly the front of your chassis, since this part is the most protected and a penetration here, is less likely to set the ammunition on fire or knock out most of the crew.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides (Slope angle) !! Rear (Slope angle) !! Roof (Slope angle)
|-
| Hull || 100 + 100 mm (6°) ''Front plate'' 80 mm (85°), 100 + 100 mm (35°) ''Front glacis'' 80, 100 mm (38-39°) ''Lower glacis'' || 80 mm || 80 mm (7-43°) ''Top'' 80 mm (5-62°) ''Bottom'' || 20 mm ''Hull roof'' 80 mm ''Engine deck''
|-
| Superstructure || 200 mm (20°) ''Casemate front'' 60 + 80 + 200 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 85 mm (28-29°) || 80 mm (20°) || 30 mm (87°)
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 25 mm thick and tracks are 30 mm thick.
* The hull roof is some part 20 mm thick in areas while it is 80 mm thick more in the center area.
* Belly armour is 20 mm thick.
* Hull underside right above tracks are 25 mm thick.
* 30 mm RHA plates separate the engine compartment from the front and rear crew compartments.
* A 30 mm RHA plate separates the driver and assistant driver.

The Ferdinand's front armour is superb with 100 + 100 mm on the largest spots, the front hull and casemate structure. However, these armour plates are not very angled so if in possession of a gun able to penetrate 200+ mm, there's a high chance it will penetrate Ferdinand's front.

If not, there are certain weak points in the front that could be used. The first are the side cheeks on the front hull, next to the 200 mm cumulative plates. These are only 80 mm thick and is angled so that they are ~120 mm effectiveness from the front. The lower glacis is also another 80 mm that provides ~120 mm effectiveness at their angle. These two points are nice weak points for weaker guns and other 88 mm guns.

The vehicle's long profile on the sides make it a very enticing target from a long distance. So it is very possible to flank the tank destroyer from its position and hit the tall casemate structure. With all the ammunition and 4/6 of the crew in there, there's a very good chance of crippling Ferdinand's fighting capabilities or igniting one of the ammunition racks.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=888|rbMinHp=553}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|PaK43 (88 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PaK43 (88 mm)|88 mm PaK43]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 38 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+14° || rowspan="2" | ±14° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 7.0 || 9.8 || 11.8 || 13.1 || 13.9 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 4.8 || 5.6 || 6.8 || 7.5 || 8.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:PaK43 (88 mm)/Ammunition|PzGr 39/43, PzGr 40/43, Hl.Gr 39, Sprgr.43}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''38''' || 27 ''(+11)'' || 15 ''(+23)'' || 8 ''(+30)'' || 1 ''(+37)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.

== Usage in battles ==


The Ferdinand's natural role is as a long-range sniper thanks to its excellent firing range and frontal armour of more than 200 mm. Due to the frontal armour, this tank destroyer should always face the enemy to make use of it. Even though the Ferdinand is a heavy tank destroyer, it can rapidly drive backwards, which allows it to reposition more quickly than Red Army TDs like the SU-152 and ISU-152.

In a team, the Ferdinand acts as a heavy sniper, taking out enemies from afar while being almost immune to any tank shells. However, don't get too close to front-lines, since an enemy tank could slip through and flank the Ferdinand, which would put it in real danger.

Another possibility is as a front line brawler once most of the enemies have been cleared out. While it is not recommended, with flanking support of allies, the Ferdinand can venture further into enemy lines and take out everything that comes your way, but still watching for light tanks that will try to exploit the limited gun traverse to hit from the sides.

The most dangerous enemies of the Ferdinand are medium tanks and light tanks which can slip behind the Ferdinand since the back armour is weak. The Ferdinand has bad manoeuvrability and turning around is very slow.

IS-2 heavy tanks are a real threat to Ferdinand, as well as TD's of the same rank when firing sideways. Always face your armour frontally and take cover when possible.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The armour is 200 mm thick on the front of the tank very few tanks can penetrate it
* Powerful 88 mm Pak gun with two loaders makes it able to destroy multiple targets in a short time
* Has the unique advantage of having its main gun mounted higher than other tank destroyers, can shoot over obstacles when others can't and can exploit tall hull-down positions
* Thanks to the transmission, Ferdinand can go backward as fast as it can go forward
* The transmission is rear-mounted, meaning a frontal penetration could still leave the tank in mobile condition
* Good natural steering
* Good optics for sniping
* 6 crew members make it difficult for opponents to knock it out
* Comes with a bicolour camouflage

'''Cons:'''

* The tank loses speed and momentum when turning
* The hull's thin cheek armour's effectiveness decreases when angling
* Lower glacis is vulnerable to enemy fire
* The front armour is not angled
* Slow due to its heavy weight
* Doesn't like hills and other obstacles
* Flat surface on top of tank underneath the gun is vulnerable if an enemy is above you
* Less effective in urban combat maps (easily outflanked)

== History ==

===Development===
During the program to create what will end up being the [[Tiger I (Family)|Tiger I]] tanks, Henschel and Porsche competed against each other for the contract to build the tanks. Porsche further developed their pre-existing 45-ton prototype, the [[VK 45.01 (P)]], while Henschel adapted their 36 ton prototype (VK 3601 H) to create the VK 4501 H. Henschel won the contract, but Porsche was extremely confident that their design would win that around 100 of the VK 4501 P chassis were already constructed. Since the design lost, it was determined to use the chassis for the basis of a new vehicle, namely a tank destroyer to mount the new and formidable [[PaK 43 (88 mm)|88 mm PaK 43 anti-tank gun]]. These new tank destroyers were then called the Ferdinand, after its designer Ferdinand Porsche.

The Ferdinand was a formidable tank destroyer design. Changes from the original VK 4501 P chassis was the movement of the engine towards the centre rather than the rear. The armour bolted onto the front plate gave the Ferdinand an armour thickness of 200 mm. Plus, with the 88 mm Pak 43 on a fixed casemate design, it could knock out any allied tanks before they could enter effective ranges against the Ferdinand. 91 of the VK 4501 P chassis were converted into the Ferdinand. The design was not without its flaw though, mostly concerned with the heavy weight of 65 tons and an unreliable engine with the gasoline-electric drive system. Two Maybach 12 cylinder HL120 TRM engines with 265 hp constant power output drove 2 generators which powered 2 Siemens-Schuckert electric motors with 230 kW power output. This resulted in a top speed of only 20 km/h and a very low operational range of only 150 km. Other lesser drawbacks were the lack of all-around vision ports and machine guns, which would be later addressed due to combat experience. Nevertheless, the engine and weight drawbacks would plague the Ferdinand design throughout its service life.

===Combat usage===
The Ferdinand's combat debut was in the Battle of Kursk, with 89 vehicles available. The Ferdinand was optimized for destroying Soviet tanks at long ranges (over 3 miles or 5 km) with its 88 mm PaK 43/2 L/71 gun. The Ferdinand's flaws came to light during their movement; after advancing through Soviet defence lines, the Soviet infantry quickly recognized that it lacked peripheral vision blocks, a rotating turret (like most World War II tank destroyers for Germany) and the Ferdinand didn't even have a machine gun for anti-infantry purposes. Soviet infantry could hide in their trenches until the Ferdinand advanced the lines, then take out the vehicle with grenades and Molotov cocktails. Heinz Guderian remarked that Ferdinand's anti-infantry capabilities were essential "quail shooting with cannons".

Though the Ferdinand has great armour and firepower, most of the knocked out Ferdinands were due to anti-tank mines and mechanical failure. Damages to tracks forced the tank crew to exit the vehicle and repair it, and the 65-ton weight of the vehicle made armour recovery a nightmarish job, requiring five Bergepanzer IV ([[Pz.IV G|Panzer IV]] armour recovery vehicle) to tow one from the front lines. More Ferdinands were destroyed by their own crew to prevent capture than to combat losses due to the inability to easily recover these vehicles in a defensive war where German territory is gradually lost to the Soviets. Despite these drawbacks, the Ferdinands were much feared among the Soviet tankers, as the Ferdinand produced horrific losses among the Soviet armour corps. During the Battle of Kursk, the 653rd Heavy Tank Battalion claimed to have knocked out 320 enemy tanks, with the loss of 13 Ferdinands.

After Kursk, all surviving Ferdinands were recalled in September 1943 to be modified, which fixed most of the previous flaws. 48 of the 50 survivors were modified with a hull-mounted machine gun, a commander's cupola, and anti-magnetic Zimmerit paste to counter Soviet magnetic mines. The armour and track width of the vehicle was also enlarged and brought Ferdinand's 65 tons weight up to 70 tons. These modified vehicles are designated the [[Elefant]]. One of the Ferdinands unable to be converted to an Elefant due to battle damages began to be converted into a Rammpanzer Tiger or Rammtiger which was to be a breakthrough vehicle, though there is no evidence that it was completed or saw service. The Elefants then served in the Italian front against the Western Allies, but its heavyweight impeded its mobility on the rough terrain and the use of bridges and roads. After Italy, the Elefants didn't see much use due to the low quantity. One company of Elefants saw action during the Soviet's January 1945 Vistula-Oder offensive in Poland, and the last few surviving vehicles were in combat at Zossen during the Battle of Berlin. The Ferdinand may have been the most successful tank destroyer employed during the entire war in terms of claimed kills per loss, reaching an average ratio of approximately 10:1. This ratio could be given thanks to the armour and firepower of the tank destroyer, but in terms of operational capabilities the poor mobility, mechanical unreliability, and low quantity of these vehicles meant it had little impact in the overall strategic effect in the war.

===Survivors===
Today, two of these tank destroyers are left in intact conditions today. One Ferdinand was captured by the Soviets at Kursk and is now in display at the Kubinka Tank Museum. Another one, an Elefant, was captured by the Americans at Anzio, Italy. It was displayed at the US Army Ordnance Museum at Fort Lee, Virginia for many years and was restored to display condition in 2007. Currently, it is being loaned to the Bovington Tank Museum and is in the new exhibit "Tiger Collection".<ref name="FerdinandTankMuseum">The Tank Museum. "THE TIGER COLLECTION – THE TANKS, THE TERROR & THE TRUTH." Tank Museum. N.p., 02 Nov. 2016. Web. 04 Nov. 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224112/https://www.tankmuseum.org//year-news/bovnews53673 Web Archive].</ref>

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The Ferdinand self-propelled artillery gun was developed in 1942 to 1943 from the experimental VK 4501 (P) tank, which was developed by Porsche but never entered military service. In 1943, the company Alkett built 90 of these guns.

The gun's layout was quite unusual, with the crew compartment placed at the rear of the spacious cabin. The driver and radio operator were located in the front part of the cabin, and a direct connection between this compartment and the crew compartment was impossible due to heat-resistant metal partitions installed between the two compartments, where the engine and other equipment were located.

The Ferdinand was equipped with an 88 mm rifled 8,8 cm Stuk 43 gun with a long 71 caliber barrel. This gun was specially adapted to be mounted on the PaK 43 self-propelled anti-tank gun. The gun had excellent ballistics and at the time of its release was the strongest weapon available for tanks and self-propelled guns. Even until the end of the war, it could easily hit all types of armored vehicles. The vehicle's frontal armor had a thickness of 200 mm. Its total weight was 68 tons.

The self-propelled gun saw its first combat operation at the Kursk Bulge, as a part of the 653rd and 654th tank destroyer divisions. From July to November 1943, these divisions destroyed 582 Soviet tanks, losing 43 of their own vehicles in the process.

Serious shortcomings of this tank destroyed included its lack of machine guns for defense against infantry attacks, low speed and maneuverability, and low maximum range.

However, the German military valued the controllability and survivability of the vehicle's engine and transmission. A suspension with longitudinal torsion bars was much easier to maintain and repair when compared to a staggered torsion bar suspension, but it was very difficult to manufacture and less reliable in the field.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_panzerjager_tiger_P_ferdinand Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|5E2X7q_tIgM|'''The Shooting Range #306''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:52 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|ExA9b4wexHE|'''The Shooting Range #249''' - ''Round Study'' section at 09:02 discusses how to penetrate the {{PAGENAME}}.|xF4-TcnyWw0|'''Best tank destroyers''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 0:53 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|FOAlC7KNfEc|'''Ferdinand: The Bastard Tiger''' - ''Military History Visualized''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/2769--en|[Historical] Paper Giants - the heavy tanks of Ferdinand Porsche]]
* [[wt:en/news/814--en|[Special] Ferdinand Porsche and his Tank Destroyer]]
* [[Wikipedia:Elefant|[Wikipedia] Elefant]]

=== References ===
<references />

{{Germany tank destroyers}}

MiG-9 (China)

2024-05-22T19:47:27Z

U120313908: /* History */ Added history of service with China

{{About
| about = jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = MiG-9 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=mig-9_china
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was the very first jet aircraft arrived at China and the first jet for PLAAF by 1950. To quickly upgrade PLAAF for the upcoming Korean War and the dire need for major cities air-defense operations from Nationalist bombers, VVS transferred 9 divisions of MiG-9 series to PLAAF which also made the officials decided to purchase extra MiG-9 to arm the air force. The aircraft was deemed sufficient to handle earlier jets such as F-84B or F-80 series, soon after the introduction of state-of-the-art F-86 series in USAF service and the eventual introduction of MiG-15 in PLAAF service, these MiG-9s were soon retired from frontline and served as PLAAF's jet "lead-in trainer" before their ultimate decommission in 1959.

Introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]] with the initial Chinese aviation tech tree, the aircraft shares identical performance to its Soviet counterpart; while it is small and nimble, as well as packs very heavy punch against rivals, players have to get use to the WWII-era equivalent engine and the ballistic performance to make good use of the first proper jet fighter of PLAAF; any careless moves or not keeping sufficient speed can lead to an embarrassing demise to the aircraft to even a propeller aircraft.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

When looking at this fighter, a pilot may complain at the lack of ordnance options available, being only limited to a single 37 mm and two 23 mm cannons with what seems to be only a handful of ammunition rounds between them. Without the addition of suspended ordnance, the flight model will not change due to added weight of bombs, missiles, rockets or gun pods, since none are available and the aircraft wasn't designed to use them.

As such, this fighter was built almost like a rocket, needing to get to bomber altitude as fast as possible and intercept inbound bombers. The limited ammunition prevents the pilot from just 'spraying-and-praying', but instead requires trigger control to maximize rounds on target. This is especially important in realistic and simulator battles where after the ammunition is expended, the pilot must return to base to reload.

The MiG-9 has enough speed to get to 5,000 m within about 4 minutes, however once there, it is best to either target bombers and go higher if needed (13,500 m is maximum altitude for the fighter) or to then turn the MiG-9 into a diving fighter and going for quick hits before zooming back up. Immelmanns and Split-S manoeuvres are recommended to change directions as this fighter is a very slow turner, taking about 30 seconds to make a complete circle. It is important to keep the speed up on this fighter due to when it becomes slow, it then becomes an easy target for enemy aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 868 || 841 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 30.3 || 31.1 || 17.7 || 16.6 || rowspan="2" | 895
|-
! Upgraded
| 955 || 909 || 27.8 || 29.0 || 26.8 || 22.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 434 || 300 || ~12 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 550 || < 600 || < 720 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Klimov RD-20A-2 || 2
| colspan="2" | 3,640 kg || colspan="3" | 271 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 40m fuel
|-
| 670 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 4,027 kg || 4,281 kg || 4,601 kg || 4,929 kg || 5,044 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 40m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 800 kgf || N/A
| 0.40 || 0.37 || 0.35 || 0.32 || 0.32
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 800 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.40 || 0.37 || 0.35 || 0.32 || 0.32
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 12 mm steel - in front of the 37 mm & 23 mm magazines
* 12 mm steel - in front of the pilot, between the instrument panel and the 37 mm & 23 mm magazines
* 55 mm bulletproof glass - windscreen

The MiG-9, unfortunately, is not built like a tank and as a bomber interceptor, it had to be constructed like one, sacrificing armour for speed. The aircraft does feature 55 mm of bulletproof glass on the canopy windscreen and two 12 mm steel plates on both sides of the 37 mm ammunition magazine, but that is it for aircraft protection. All the protection is in the front which is meant to offer defence from any defensive gunners on enemy bombers. From the front profile, the armour plates and glass do a good job of shielding the critical components, however, from just about any other angle, the pilot, engines and fuel tanks are clustered in the centre of the aircraft and are all vulnerable from machine gun, cannon, missile and rocket damage.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|N-37D (37 mm)|NS-23 (23 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 37 mm N-37D cannon, nose-mounted (40 rpg)
* 2 x 23 mm NS-23 cannons, chin-mounted (80 rpg = 160 total)

To fulfil the role of a bomber hunter, the best weapons for mid to late 1940s aircraft was rockets and cannons. Bombers were typically large aircraft and machine guns would not do the job. Bomber interceptors needed to get to the target and spend the least amount of time on target not only for their own safety but to be able to intercept multiple targets before needing to return to base to refuel or rearm. The N-37D and NS-23 cannons centrally mounted on the MiG-9 virtually nullify the need for messing with convergence, allowing the pilot to sling both ammunition types at bombers at 690 m/s. In a high speed pass only so many rounds could be fired off before the MiG was zooming past and needed to set up for another run if they missed.

Having the 37 mm and 23 mm cannons helped ensure if the critical areas are hit, only one pass is needed. Without rockets or missiles to provide backup or alternative weapon options, proficiency with the cannons is a must. The "Air targets" ammunition belt provides a large amount of HE ammunition, which will critically damage enemies, even without a precise hit.

== Usage in battles ==


The MiG-9 requires altitude to be most effective in either of its two main roles. While flying full throttle into the middle of the map may seem like the noblest thing to do, it may end your piloting career faster than you care for, not allowing you to reach your full potential during the match. Best bet for this fighter is to start side climbing on the map or working on gaining altitude away from where the main group of aircraft are flying as this provides you with a relatively safe area to climb and allows you to see any enemy aircraft which may be gunning for you and give you enough time to respond or dive away. It is important to begin your side climb at an angle of about 8-10° until the fighter reaches speeds of about 400-500 km/h when the climb angle can be increased to about 15°.

When you reach an altitude of where the bombers are at, you can then begin to patrol and set up for any attack runs. Typically it is best to have some altitude over the bombers as this will allow you to gain more speed when driving and make it that much more difficult for the defensive gunners to hit you. Flying towards the rear of the bomber is the worst angle to come at, while it makes it easy for you to line up the target, you will actually be flying into bullets fired at you causing them a chance for deeper penetration into your jet than if you came from another angle. Due to the limited amount of ammunition, controlled bursts are best especially when aimed at engines, cockpits or fuel tanks. Carefully aim at these critical components and let the ammunition do the rest for you. It is best not to linger around a target, instead, add full power and zoom away until you are at least a kilometre or two away and outside of the range of any defensive turrets before manoeuvring for another run.

If there are no bombers to attack, either because they have all been destroyed or waiting for more to spawn (in Arcade battles, some pilots tend to leave their attackers/bombers as late match reserves), then when at altitude, you can patrol and look for unsuspecting fighters or you can work to lure aircraft up into a stall fight. From your perch, you can start to dip down towards a fighter as if you are going to pounce on it, if they take the bait and climb to meet your MiG-9, then pull up as if you 'chickened-out' and are running, begin a moderate climb with your speed and watch as they follow up, especially watch for the condensation trails coming from their wings, this is a good indication that they are beginning to stall and are an easy target. The MiG-9 has a rather larger rudder and can make use of it for a wing-over manoeuvre which will put you in line with the stalled out target allowing for you to get a quick shot off before returning to your patrol altitude.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful armament allows it to hunt bombers effectively
* All armour is in the front of the aircraft to protect against defensive weapons
* Engines do not overheat at 100% throttle
* Is able to land quite well on engines like in the Me-262
* High rip speed for an early Soviet jet (a little over 1,000 km/h)

'''Cons:'''

* Two different trajectories for both guns
* Limited ammunition of 160 rpg (NS-23) and 40 rpg (N-37D)
* No access to bombs or other payload options
* Underwhelming acceleration
* Unimpressive climb rate
* Control lock starts at around 800 km/h
* Loses a lot of speed during turns
* Very bad turn rate even compared to some jet bombers
* Difficult jet for beginners (hard to use due to its weapons and flight characteristics)
* Mediocre brakes make it hard to land on short airfields

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
An all-metal, single-seat cantilever monoplane with two turbojet engines, mid-mounted wings, and retractable tricycle landing gear.

It was clear by the end of World War II that the piston-engine-and-propeller combo had reached the limit of its potential. Soon it would be necessary to switch to new engine types.

Jet aviation in the USSR changed for the better at the very end of the war when captured German turbojet engines, particularly the BMW-003, arrived in the Soviet Union. The engine was studied in the shortest time possible, and a Soviet copy, the RD-20, was launched into mass production.

In the end of 1945, the Mikoyan Design Bureau began the development of a jet fighter with two BMW-003 engines (producing 800 kg of thrust). On 24 April 1946, test pilot A.N. Grinchik first flew the prototype I-300 (F-1), the first Soviet fighter with a turbojet engine. The plane reached a speed of 920 km/h and had powerful armament: a 57 mm N-57 cannon and two 23 mm NS-23 cannons.

In 1946, the I-300 began full-scale production and was accepted for service with the Air Force under the designation of MiG-9 (Product FS). Before producing it on a full-scale basis, the designers of the Mikoyan Design Bureau reworked the fighter's construction (particularly its fuselage) from scratch to adapt it to production in large quantities.

The power unit of production MiG-9s consisted of two RD-20 turbojet engines producing 800 kg of thrust apiece. At first, planes of this model had RD-20A-1 engines, with a service life of 10 hours. Actually, these engines were captured BMW-003s, reassembled in the USSR. Subsequently, MiG-9s featured only Soviet-produced turbojet engines: the RD-20A-2, with a service life of 25 and 50 hours, and later the RD-20B, with a service life of 75 hours.

The armament of the production planes differed from that of the prototypes. The MiG-9 (Product FS) had one 37 mm Nudelman N-37 cannon with 40 rounds and two 23 mm Nudelman-Suranov NS-23K cannons with 80 rounds each.

In 1947, it was decided to equip the MiG-9 with RD-21 uprated engines producing 1,000 kg of thrust. The engine was uprated due to increased gas temperature and turbine revolutions.

A prototype I-307 (Product FF) aircraft was built and tested with these engines in 1947. The testing showed that the I-307 had higher flight characteristics than production MiG-9s. The I-307 remained a prototype, since in March 1948 a decision was made to start the full-scale production of the more advanced MiG-15.

The last production aircraft were handed over to the Air Force in December 1948, and in factories they were supplanted by a new plane from the Mikoyan Design Bureau, the MiG-15. A total of 602 MiG-9 fighters were produced.

The MiG-9 was the beginning of the jet MiG's history. The success of the MiG-15 fighter all over the world would have been impossible without the experience gained in the processes of design, building, testing, mass production, and operation of the first Soviet jet fighter, the MiG-9.

As new fighters were received by the Air Force, some MiG-9s would be delivered to China. These planes became the first jet fighters of the People's Liberation Army Air Force of China.
{{Navigation-End}}The MiG-9 started its service with the Chinese Air Force in 1950, with a total of 13 fighter divisions being delivered to this country between 1950 and 1951, 9 of which, consisted of MiG-9s. The MiG-9s introduction in the PLAGF was probably due to the quick adoption of the Mig-15 over the Mig-9 in the USSR, since the last one became obsolete very quickly and had a large number of reliability issues, specially its armament which could not be fired at the same time and its use was restricted depending on the altitude.

The Mig-9 suffered a similar destiny in China, with it being quickly replaced with the more modern Mig-15. The main purpose of the Mig-9 was to defend Chinese industrial sectors, as well as its cities from possible attacks, since at this time the PRC was very young and constantly under threat of air raids by the remnants of the Nationalist Chinese, the aircraft however, was mainly used to train new pilots and help them in the transition from propeller aircrafts to jet aircrafts.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=mig-9_china Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/264955-mikoyan-gurevich-mig-9/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer MiG}}
{{China jet aircraft}}

Z-9WA

2024-05-22T19:35:06Z

U120313908: /* History */ Added development history

{{About
| about = Chinese attack helicopter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = Z-9W
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=z_9wa
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese attack helicopter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Drone Age"]].

The Harbin Z-9 is commonly known to the Chinese community as 海豚 "Haitun" (Dolphin) as it is based on the French Eurocopter AS365 ''Dauphin''. This revised version of the Z-9W comes with better avionics and upgraded firepower thanks to a set of revised pylons. While it still lag behind counterparts at its BR due to its original design as a transport helicopter, the armament onboard is available in greater numbers and allows the Z-9WA to still stand a chance against enemy targets with better ATGMs and more AAMs.

The overall appearance of the Z-9WA is quite similar to the previous Z-9W other than the shiny black camouflage, rearranged optical trackers (from the top of cockpit to a position under the nose), and redesigned details in the cabin and cockpit. On top of the upgraded weapons and payload capacity, the Z-9WA has new systems such as thermal optics, MAWS, and countermeasures that make it better at hunting tanks and more slippery against enemy air defenses.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Heli-Flight}}

The Z-9WA shares a similar mobility to the Z-9W as it didn't receive a powerplant upgrade. It does not have the speed of dedicated attack helicopters but still retains the classic high agility of the Z-9 family. The installation of the new armament and electronics does not cause significant performance reduction, and it can still be utilized to sneak behind enemy lines and strike them from the rear.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 1,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}}
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Heli-Armour}}

Players of the previous Z-9s will be extremely familiar with the overall protection of the Z-9WA: this version still doesn't provide any extra protection against projectiles or shrapnel from enemies. Any hit will very likely cause damage to component or the pilots; but it still comes with self-sealing fuel tanks that might help survive if set ablaze.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Heli-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Offensive}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** Without offensive armament
** 72 x countermeasures

The Z-9WA is the first Chinese helicopter to have flare/chaff countermeasures, and the supply of 72 is in fact more generous than the later [[Z-19]] and [[Z-10]]. An onboard MAWS makes it easier to use these countermeasures.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="20%" | 1 !! width="20%" | 2
| rowspan="9" width="25%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[Type 23-1 (23 mm)|23 mm Type 23-1]] cannons (240 rpg)
| 1 || 1
|-
! [[QJK99-12.7-1 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm QJK99-12.7-1]] machine guns (1,000 rpg)
| 1 || 1
|-
! [[Type 57-1]] rockets
| 18 || 18
|-
! [[Type 90-1]] rockets
| 7 || 7
|-
! [[HJ-8E]] missiles
| 4 || 4
|-
! [[HJ-8H]] missiles
| 4 || 4
|-
! [[AKD-9]] missiles
| 4 || 4
|-
! [[TY-90]] missiles
| 4 || 4
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 36 x Type 57-1 rockets
* 2 x 12.7 mm QJK99-12.7-1 machine guns (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)
* 4 x HJ-8E missiles
* 14 x Type 90-1 rockets
* 8 x HJ-8E missiles
* 8 x HJ-8H missiles
* 8 x AKD-9 missiles
* 8 x TY-90 missiles
* 2 x 23 mm Type 23-1 cannons (240 rpg = 480 total)
{{Navigation-End}}

The Z-9WA's primary weapons resemble the previous Z-9W, the main differences coming from the doubled missile capacity and improved ATGM models.

The HJ-8 missile now comes in two improved variants. The stock HJ-8E is a significant improvement over the humble HJ-8A used by previous helicopters: it has the same warhead as the HJ-8C with a tandem charge and 590 mm of penetration, and now an improved rocket motor that boosts the range to 4 km and improves the flight speed slightly to 260 m/s. The HJ-8E packs an adequate punch against tanks with steel or reactive armour but might have issues against composite armour because of its below average raw penetration. The unlockable HJ-8H has an improved warhead with 750 mm of penetration that largely fixes this issue, and also has improved TNT equivalent for destroying light targets through overpressure. Among contemporary helicopter ATGMs, the HJ-8H is most similar to the [[HOT-2 TOW]]: both have good ranges (greater than [[BGM-71D TOW-2]], less than [[9M114 Shturm]]), slow flight speeds (less than TOW-2 and half that of the Shturm), and powerful warheads. The HJ-8H has 150 mm less raw penetration than the HOT-2, but the tandem charge allows it to consistently destroy common Soviet ERA-equipped tanks like the [[T-72B]] and [[T-72AV (TURMS-T)]], very impressive for a missile that only weighs 13 kg.

A newer offering added after the Z-9WA's initial introduction is the AKD-9 semi-active laser homing missile, giving pilots a taste of what to expect on the later [[Z-19]]. Though it isn't a major upgrade over the HJ-8H in terms of damage, it flies significantly faster and has enhanced range, making it the Haitun's most effective ATGM overall.

The TY-90 returns as a highly effective air-to-air missile that can take down even manoeuvring fighters. If the Z-9W's capacity of four TY-90s was enough to act as a "flying SPAA", the Z-9WA's eight TY-90s are often enough to suppress enemy aircraft for an entire match. It is also effective against helicopters, but it is important to remember that many of the Z-9WA's contemporaries have HIRSS or IRCM systems that make them more difficult to lock and boast anti-air weapons of their own.

The other armament options of unguided rockets, machine gun pods, and cannons are the same as on the Z-9W. However they should only be seriously considered for the initial stock grind when only one hardpoint of HJ-8Es is available. The Z-9WA is still not suitable for close-range combat due to its fragility, limited hardpoints, and lack of an internal cannon, especially since it can face advanced SPAA vehicles.

== Usage in battles ==


Players will easily get on hand with the WA variant thanks to its mostly identical flight performance and similar weaponry to the Z-9W. The Z-9WA has an unrivaled TVD camera with very high magnification at x81, which is very helpful for those who struggle to find targets in an intense battlefield, compounded by bad weather or night conditions. It also now has an auto-tracker for much easier targeting, though it is currently implemented as a TV system as opposed to an IRST and therefore does not function in night battles. The Z-9WA's main drawback when it comes to tank hunting is its ATGMs; the HJ-8s are both slow and limited in range, and the AKD-9s are better but generally worse in performance than the contemporary AGM-114B Hellfire. It's important to make good use of the high optical zoom to target the weak spots of enemy tanks.

The TY-90 is the same as all its predecessor/successors with its extremely good manoeuvrability. Though the missile hasn't changed, at the Z-9WA's higher battle rating it's common to face supersonic jets with countermeasures, so some additional consideration is required when using it. The 20 G raw overload is now below average and it maintains competitive agility by having gradual acceleration and a long motor burn time, giving it ample time to course correct and keep up with a moving target. However, this means that it's not difficult for a contemporary jet to simply outrun the TY-90 if they are at high speed and it was launched from more than a few kilometers away. The seeker features a moderate amount of ECCM that, while not so foolproof as an [[AIM-9M]]'s, still helps to avoid being spoofed by flares. Keep the TY-90's drawbacks in mind and try to keep an initially low profile versus aircraft, biding time until an opportune shot that the target will not be able to easily outrun or dodge.

While there are rocket pods and gunpods at your disposal, they are more efficient at helicopter EC for light targets such as recoilless guns, light tanks, APCs, etc.

Like the Z-9W, make sure to sneak around in the battlefield for maximum survivability as it is still unprotected; but thanks to better avionics, it will have a faster searching time than predecessors and helps a lot for staying out of the battlefield. Alternatively it can still serve as another "flying SPAA" and make sure that enemy aircraft will hit the ground before they have the chance to do damage to your team. The Z-9WA can also be a serious multirole helicopter because of its enhanced payload: for pilots who want to be prepared for anything, one pylon of four ATGMs and one pylon of four TY-90s is enough to perform some solid anti-aircraft work while being a credible tank hunter.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Decent manoeuvrability
* Can carry up to 8 ATGMs or AAMs
* Access to faster, longer range, and more powerful HJ-8E, HJ-8H and AKD-9 anti-tank missiles
* TY-90 AAMs are very effective against air targets
* Has access to flares, MAWS, and LWS
* Excellent optics with thermal sights and TV auto-tracker for easy targeting

'''Cons:'''

* Slow top speed
* Very little armour
* No internal gun

== History ==

The Z-9WA helicopter began with the development of the Harbin Z-9 (WZ-9) nicknamed "Haitun" (海豚, meaning "Dolphin") which is essentially a license built variant of the French AS365 "Dauphin" by Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation. The first Z-9 flew in 1981, after a successful deal signed in 1980 with Aérospatiale (now Airbus Helicopters) of France to produce a variant of the well-regarded Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin. The first variants began with heavy dependence on French subsystems and components, however by the time of the introduction of the Z-9B most parts were already made in China, without depending on external suppliers.

The helicopter features Twin turboshaft engines, a crew of 1-2, has a cruise speed of 267km/h, a range of up to 700KM, service ceiling of 5400m and a takeoff weight of 4,300Kg. The Z-9W and Z-9WA where later introduced, with important adjustments, mainly the addition of weapon systems and electronic subsystems.

The Z-9WA is the upgraded version of the Z-9W with revised pylon that was bolted onto the airframe instead of going through the main airframe itself, a new 3-in-1 tracker with daytime/TVD/laser tracking and some revision on the nose of the helicopter, depending on the configuration, the helicopter might even include a nose mounted radar. The project was started in November 2001 and contracts were signed in January next year, first seen as part of the PLA Hong Kong Garrison Aviation Corps at Shek Kong Airfield (石崗機場) in the early 2000s. The Z-9WA was the dedicated attack helicopter of PLAGF Aviation Corps before Project 941 (Z-10) until the Z-9WA's successor, the Z-19, came into service.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=z_9wa Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the helicopter;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin_Z-9

{{AirManufacturer Harbin}}
{{China helicopters}}

Z-11WA

2024-05-22T19:26:08Z

U120313908: /* History */ Added history about development and technical data

{{Specs-Card
|code=z_11wa
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese attack helicopter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Drone Age"]].

The Z-11WA is the first Chinese helicopter in the main tech tree. The Changhe Z-11 is a light helicopter closely resembling the French AS350 Écureuil (Squirrel) with minor detail differences, and this reconnaissance/light attack variant has been augmented with a prominent sensor orb above the cockpit. It has a rather high battle rating for a starter helicopter, but offers good flight performance, a small size, and very early access to thermal optics. Its main drawback is the limited arsenal consisting of domestic HJ-8A ATGMs, 57 mm and 90 mm rocket pods, and 12.7 mm machine gun pods. This helicopter is best used sneakily, locating targets from afar and creeping closer to attack from unexpected angles.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Heli-Flight}}

As its unofficial (French) nickname Écureuil suggests, the Z-11WA performs like a flying squirrel. Thanks to its small yet agile airframe, it is among the fastest helicopters at its tier when unarmed (at 274 km/h spaded); while its designation of being an armed scout helicopter also ensures its limited but sufficient payload in case of harassing enemies with pairs of HJ-8A ATGMs, 12.7 mm gun pods, and rockets of different calibres. This will of course hinder its top speed - but there are helicopters at higher tiers which have even slower top speeds, so making good use of the top speed to sneak into the battlefield and leave as soon as your munitions are depleted is the key to utilising the Z-11WA.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 1,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 252 || 238 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}}
|-
! Upgraded
| 294 || 274
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Heli-Armour}}

A very common feature of a scout helicopter like the Z-11WA is the lack of any form of armour - even rifle-calibre bullets are lethal to it. The only good news is that the fuel tank is a self-sealing tank; although it is very unlikely that it can survive sustained burning, it still gives Z-11WA the bare minimal chance to leave the battlefield.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Heli-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="20%" | 1 !! width="20%" | 2
| rowspan="5" width="25%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[QJK99-12.7-1 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm QJK99-12.7-1]] machine guns (1,000 rpg)
| 1 || 1
|-
! [[FS70]] rockets
| 7 || 7
|-
! [[Type 57-1]] rockets
| 18 || 18
|-
! [[HJ-8A]] missiles
| 2 || 2
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 36 x Type 57-1 rockets
* 14 x FS70 rockets
* 2 x HJ-8A missiles
* 4 x HJ-8A missiles
* 2 x 12.7 mm QJK99-12.7-1 machine guns (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)
{{Navigation-End}}

The Z-11WA's primary anti-tank weapon is the HJ-8A missile. The HJ-8 is a Chinese man-portable ATGM system with comparable weight and statistics to the Soviet [[9M113 Konkurs]]. It weighs much less than typical starter helicopter ATGMs like the [[SS.11]] and [[9M17M Falanga]] and has a slightly faster flight speed, but the smaller size also limits penetration power and range. The single charge warhead with 480 mm of flat penetration is enough to get the job against most tanks but is easily stopped by ERA and the post-penetration damage can be inconsistent. The 3 km range puts the Z-11WA near the effective range of radar-guided SPAA. Finally, only four HJ-8As can be carried in total, but two can be carried as a stock loadout.

Two types of rockets are available. The stock option is the Type 57-1 rocket carried in pods of 18. These have poor penetration, flight speed, and accuracy, the only selling point being their large capacity. The FS70 rockets have a much smaller capacity of only 7 per pod, but they hit much harder (same penetration and more explosive content than the BMP-1's main gun). Since the Z-11WA has only two pylons and lacks a ballistic computer, the rockets are mainly useful as backup ground attack weapons for stock grinding before the full HJ-8A loadout is unlocked, although players who are very comfortable with aiming rockets by eye may be able to use them for surprise attacks.

The 12.7 mm machine gun pods are the only guns available to the Z-11WA. They are not powerful enough to be serious ground attack options but have enormous ammunition capacities and can be helpful in a helicopter dogfight. Pick belts with a high proportion of AP-I rounds, because they have a surprisingly high penetration for their calibre.

== Usage in battles ==


As the very first helicopter of the Chinese helicopter tech tree, the Z-11WA already has an ace up its sleeve: this variant is from 2004 and it is the only helicopter with a TVD camera at its tier ''(installed with the on the left side above the co-pilot)''. Players will also be happy to utilize the relatively high speed and agility of the Z-11WA for quick assaults on enemies with its sufficient payload for a scout helicopter: ATGMs, rocket pods, and gun pods. However, it does not provide much flexibility against enemies in case of helicopter EC due to its lack of fixed machine guns onboard. The lack of a ballistic computer also means players must practice with the new FS70 rockets or its stock Type 57-1 rockets to successfully hit ground targets, especially when flying at high speeds. Another flaw is the relatively short range, unimpressive capacity, and slow speed of the HJ-8A ATGM, although it is sufficient to take down armoured targets at its tier, this also means that players have to risk themselves to be closer to the heat of the battlefield as it doesn't have any protection against projectiles. For comparison, the contemporary [[UH-1C]] can carry up to six superior I-TOW ATGMs.

With these in mind, players of the Z-11WA can utilize it as an "aerial guerrilla" and hide behind terrain or barely above the treeline, make sure to make good use of its TVD camera with good magnification to scout for enemy targets; while the 2 pairs of ATGMs onboard can take down enemies from safer distances. As soon as enemy aircraft or SPAAGs are in business, leave the battlefield and stay alive as long as possible with its agility and small size.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Small and agile
* Relatively fast at its tier
* Fitted with thermal optics
* Has ATGMs available when stock

'''Cons:'''

* Unprotected airframe
* Lacks any fixed machine gun
* Relatively lacklustre payload options

== History ==

After the introduction of some French helicopters from Aérospatiale, including the [[SA.342L Gazelle]] and AS365 (later Z-9 after domestic production) since the 1980s, the PLAGF was in need for completely domestic helicopters. While claimed to be a domestic design, the Z-11 has a close resemblance to the AS350B Écureuil in terms of its aerodynamic design.

The development of the Z-11 began in the late 1980s, based on the design of the AS 350B Ecureuil (Squirrel), thus, its similar appearance. The vehicle could be considered a reversed engineered version, considering its very similar aerodynamics, one of the main differences is the powerplant, the Turboméca Arriel 1D engine of the original AS350B was replaced with a domestically-produced Liming WZ8D engine. The final version of the base Z-11 ended up with a skid-type landing gear, a fenestron tail rotor, and a single turboshaft engine. With an overall length of 13.01 meters, a fuselage length of 11.24 meters, a width of 1.8 meters, and a height of 3.14 meters. While rotor diameter is 10.6 meters, and has a maximum take-off weight of 2,250 kilograms.

The first prototype was flown on December 1992 and was later introduced into service in 1994 as the first domestic scout helicopter of the PLAGF. The armed version, '''Z-11WA''', was introduced in 2004 with limited air-to-ground weapons, while the later Z-11WB in the mid-2010s were armed with more advanced missile options. Aside from its military variants, Z-11 also has civilian versions including its later variant AC311 from early 2010s.

Other variants of the Z-11 used by the PLAGF include the Z-11W for training purposes and regular Z-11 without armament or modifications for observation, reconnaissance and transport.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=z_11wa Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the helicopter;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changhe_Z-11

{{AirManufacturer Changhe}}
{{China helicopters}}

Lorraine 37L

2024-03-26T18:46:57Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_lorraine_37l
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

During WWII, France armoured forces were decimated, suffering heavy losses against German units and specially, against their tanks. One of the attempts made to overcome this issue was the conversion of a Lorraine 37L tractor into a tank destroyer. The vehicle was fitted with a 47mm SA37 anti-tank gun, even though construction of the prototype was finished quickly, by the time it was ready for production France had already capitulated.

It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]]. Considering the characteristics of this vehicle, mobility of a tractor and no armour at all, the Lorraine 37L is best used in sniping positions, behind hills or bushes. It does have a small size, so in hidden positions it is hard to observe, specially when surrounded by foliage and vegetation. The tank features an SA37 AT gun, with very good penetration values for its BR, and as such, this tank should be played passively, it is a good anti tank complement for any French rank I line-up.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, gun shield)
* Cast homogeneous armour (transmission carter, gun mount base)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 9 mm (32-33°) ''Upper plate'' 6 mm (74-75°) ''Upper Glacis'' 9 mm (cylindrical) ''Transmission carter'' || 6 mm (35°) ''Top - Engine compartment'' 6 mm ''Top - Gun platform'' 6 mm ''Bottom'' || 6 mm ''Gun platform'' 6 mm (19°) ''Lower glacis'' || 6 mm (13-14°) ''Driver compartment'' 4 mm ''Engine Compartment''
|-
| Gun mount || 5 mm ''Gun mount base - Bottom'' 13 mm ''Gun mount base - Top'' 7 mm ''Gun Shield'' || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | N/A
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and bogies are 10 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.
* The gun breech is 150 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=99|rbMinHp=62}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|SA37 (47 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[SA37 (47 mm)|47 mm SA37]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 22 || rowspan="2" | -13°/+16° || rowspan="2" | ±34° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 10.6 || 14.6 || 17.8 || 19.6 || 20.9 || rowspan="2" | 3.90 || rowspan="2" | 3.45 || rowspan="2" | 3.18 || rowspan="2" | 3.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 7.1 || 8.4 || 10.2 || 11.3 || 12.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The armour-piercing capped round Mle 1936 has a high penetration power for the battle rating but lacks the post-penetration damage with the absence of an explosive filler. The lack of base tracer also makes it difficult to correct your targeting at long distance as you can't properly visualize the trajectory of your shell.

{{:SA37 (47 mm)/Ammunition|Mle1936}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''22''' || 1 ''(+21)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* It is recommended to go into battle with a full rack as the ammo capacity is already limited.

== Usage in battles ==


;Combat tactics

Virtually unarmoured, the {{PAGENAME}} is better used to snipe or ambush the enemy. Its gun has a good rate of fire, but many other guns at this rank will reload as fast as yours. The gun is extremely powerful for its rank, which means you will penetrate almost any target, so there is no need to throw yourself in front of the enemy: position yourself at a safe distance from the frontline action. An open-backed SPG should never be flanked: put at least 500 m between you and your target and watch your sides for sneaking foes. While the gun can be sufficient to destroy most enemies in a single shot, more heavily armoured enemies will need several well-aimed shots to be fully disabled. The gun's ballistics are somewhat tricky without a base tracer and the ammo count is limited, so aim carefully and accurately.
At the start of the match, use your good mobility to get to a location overlooking enemy movement routes or a sniping spot to engage advancing enemy vehicles. Make sure to change your position every few shots to prevent enemies from tracking you down and targeting you with either artillery strikes or close air support attacks. Even light machine gun fire is a big threat as most of your crew members sit in the open: planes are very dangerous with the {{PAGENAME}} having no anti-aircraft armament to counter them. Therefore, it is best to remain hidden or behind cover.

;Notable enemies

With its thin armour, any enemy can knock out the {{PAGENAME}} with prolonged light MG fire. But some stand out by the danger they pose:

* Tanks and tank destroyers firing HEAT shells: LVT(A)(4), M8 Scott, Pz.IV C, Nb.Fz., 15cm sIG 33 B Sfl, Sd.Kfz. 234/3, Ho-Ro, Chi-Ha Short Gun, M8 HMC (China) and Spj fm/43-44.
* Fast-firing light tanks which can shower you continuously with bullets: M2A2, Pz.II C, Pz.II C (DAK), Pz.II F, Sd.Kfz.234/1, T-60, AB 41, L3/33 CC, L6/40, AMD.35 and AMR.35 ZT3.
* Fast-firing SPAA vehicles which can shower you continuously with bullets: M13 MGMC, Flakpanzer I, GAZ-AAA (DShK), GAZ-AAA (4M), Light AA Mk I, Type 94, Ta-Se, AS42, P7T AA and Pvlvv fm/42.

;How to defeat a {{PAGENAME}}

* Do not attack the tank destroyer frontally as it will most likely hit you first.
* If alone, flanking the {{PAGENAME}} undetected and immobilizing it with your first shot remains your best chance to destroy it. But it is difficult because it will position very far from the frontline.
* Initiate a pincer move on it together with a teammate. As a turretless tank destroyer with weak armour, this will force it to retreat and relocate or face the risk of being destroyed.
* If you have no other option than to attack the {{PAGENAME}} frontally, blind it with smoke before closing the gap or force it out of position with indirect fire (artillery strikes).

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very good penetration for a 47 mm at this rank
* Excellent post-penetration damage even without HE filler, much improved over the 47 mm SA35 common to other French tanks
* Fast firing cannon
* Very good gun depression and traverse arc
* The projectile does not have any tracer component in its rounds; enemy players cannot deduce your position from the round's trajectory

'''Cons:'''

* The side and rear of the vehicle have very little armour, leaving three of the four crew members with almost no protection from artillery and incoming fire
* Mid and long-range shots difficult to correct without any tracer component in the round to visually track the round's trajectory

== History ==

=== [[wt:en/news/6899-development-lorraine-37l-antichar-anti-tank-tractor-en|Devblog]] ===
During the German invasion of France in mid 1940, the French army suffered heavy losses, especially when it came to its armoured vehicles. As a result, several urgent attempts were made to create improvised combat vehicles from resources available to French engineers in order to bolster the strength of the army, which faced a seemingly unstoppable invasion.

One of these projects was the conversion of the Lorraine 37L tractor into a tank destroyer by fitting it with a 47 mm SA37 anti-tank gun. The conversion took little time, with the prototype being ready in just a few weeks, however by the time construction was completed, France had already fallen. As a result, the prototype never saw combat action and was instead captured by German forces following the occupation.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fr_lorraine_37l Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Lorraine 37L Devblog Images" heights="150">
File:Lorrainne 37L WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:Lorrainne 37L WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:Lorrainne 37L WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:Lorrainne 37L WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:Lorrainne 37L WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:Lorrainne 37L WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|UWCc_wTVuqU|'''Spade Review. {{PAGENAME}}. A New meme machine''' - ''Joseph 2000''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Panzerjager I|Panzerjäger I]]
* [[SU-5-1]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6899-development-lorraine-37l-antichar-anti-tank-tractor-en|[Devblog] Lorraine 37L Antichar: Anti tank tractor]]
* [https://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/france/Lorraine-37L.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Lorraine 37L]

{{TankManufacturer Lorraine}}
{{France tank destroyers}}

Lorraine 40t

2024-03-26T18:41:55Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_lorraine_40t
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

In the late 1940s, French engineers initiated the development of the Lorraine 40t, a lighter tank project intended to complement the AMX-50 heavy tank. Mounted on the Cannon D'assaut Lorraine's chassis, the tank featured an oscillating turret and utilized advanced technologies from previous experimental projects like the CA Lorraine and the AMX-50 prototype, including the revolver autoloader. Despite its maximum 45 mm armor thickness, the Lorraine 40t compensated with cleverly angled armor and a distinctive chevron-shaped front hull design that effectively provided the equivalent protection of 90 mm armor. The strategic use of lighter armor facilitated increased speed and maneuverability, paired with steel roller wheels and bulletproof tires powered by an 850 horsepower German Maybach engine, enabling the tank to reach speeds of 60 km/h. Although two prototypes were completed in 1952, the Lorraine 40t never entered production due to geopolitical shifts linked to the formation of NATO, France's integration into the alliance, and the supply of M47 Patton tanks by the US during the Korean War.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.75 "La Résistance"]].The Lorraine is one of the best representative of rank IV French medium tanks: it has good mobility, an oscillating turret (fitted with an autoloader), sloped armour in front and back, high hull, high gun placement, good gun depression, 4 crew member, a coaxial MAC 31 machine gun and large tracks. Specifically, the Lorraine distinguishes itself by having a pike nose, similar to that of an [[IS-3]], road wheels instead of metal ones and it is the first French vehicle to be able to consistently pierce more than 200 mm of armour at standard combat ranges and it can do it seven times a minute. This tank offers high top speed and acceleration, good turning rate (neutral steering) and awesome hill climbing capacity. Use its mobility to follow light tanks into large flanking manoeuvres, providing them an extra punch for scouted targets. In a more passive playstyle its good reverse speed should get it fast enough into cover and out of bad situations if required.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Casemate hull)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Driver's hatch)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 40 mm (57-69°) ''Front glacis'' 35 mm (59°) ''Lower glacis'' 40 mm (69°) ''Driver's hatch'' || 30 mm (30°) ''Top'' 30 mm ''Bottom'' || 25 mm (31°) || 20 mm 8 mm ''Engine grille''
|-
| Turret || 45 mm (52-64°) ''Turret front'' 30 mm (20-53°) ''Turret base'' 50 mm (9-83°) ''Barrel shroud'' || 30 mm (0-56°) ''Turret'' 30 mm (0-28°) ''Turret base'' || 30 mm (1-29°) ''Turret bustle'' 30 mm (6-22°) ''Pivot ball'' 20 mm (72-89°) ''Turret underside'' || 20 mm
|-
| Cupola || 30 mm || 30 mm || 30 mm || 20 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,317|rbMinHp=752}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|SA47 L/58 (100 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[SA47 L/58 (100 mm)|100 mm SA47 L/58]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 49 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 28.6 ||39.5||48.0||53.1||56.5|| rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 17.9 ||21.0||25.5||28.2||30.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:SA47 L/58 (100 mm)/Ammunition|100 mm Obus de rupture, 100 mm Obus explosif}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''49''' || 46 ''(+3)'' || 41 ''(+8)'' || 35 ''(+14)'' || 29 ''(+20)'' || 24 ''(+25)'' || 19 ''(+30)'' || 14 ''(+35)'' || 7 ''(+42)'' || 1 ''(+48)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MAC 31 (7.5 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MAC 31 (7.5 mm)|7.5 mm MAC 31]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,800 (150) || 551 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Lorraine 40t can be used in a lot of combat roles as it has great mobility, weapon, silhouette and has an autoloader. When it comes to medium tanks at the battle rating, it is one of the tanks which has a relative low armour penetration, but this does not stop the Lorraine from performing excellently at some roles.

'''Urban combat:'''

The Lorraine just lacks stabilizer to be one of the best tanks in urban combat. It is capable of doing everything but being an assault tank when it comes to urban maps. The Lorraine should be used as a support vehicle for heavier vehicles, flanker or sniper (in maps like Eastern Europe). Thanks to the 4.0 second reload with autoloader, the Lorraine is able of engaging multiple targets at a time with its turret rotation speed of 21.0°/s, be aware that the autoloader is a revolver autoloader, meaning the barrel has to be replenished after all the rounds have been fired. You can also use your quick reload as bait, meaning you can fire a single round at the air to make enemies push as they will think you will be reloading slowly but by the time they have sight on you you will be able to fire them multiple times and incapacitate or destroy them. It also should be noted that the autoloader will reload regardless of if you are on fire or the loader is has been knocked, only 1 crew member needs to be alive in the turret in order to reload. Thanks to its speed and agility, the Lorraine is able to "Hit N' Run" when flanking and engaging multiple targets at a time.

'''Rural combat:'''

The Lorraine has almost the mobility of an M18 but with greater firepower. The relatively high muzzle velocity of the gun makes the Lorraine capable of doing sniping attacks and hit them continuously thanks to the autoloader. Thanks to its mobility, it is able to travel with great speed to one side of the map to another in little time. When sniping, always stay on the move after firing. Fire and move, hence and repeat. This is to maintain the Lorraine's reduced profile when enemy players try to take revenge with tanks or aircraft. Do not stray too far from friendly tanks as they will be your main line of defence as you do not have great armour. Always stay aware of your surroundings.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* One of the fastest and most agile medium tank in the game. Can legitimately outrun and outmanoeuvre many of the light tanks at the BR
* Excellent 100 mm gun that has great penetration and damage potential
* Equipped with an 8-shot autoloader, giving this tank an outstanding 4 second reload
* The excellent speed and manoeuvrability coupled with the 8-shot autoloader makes the Lorraine one of the most dangerous flankers/ambushers in the game. Can single-handedly decimate half a dozen enemies in seconds
* The high reverse speed coupled with the 8 degrees of gun depression makes cresting ridgelines a viable tactic
* 6x magnification on the gunners optics. Good for both close and long range engagements

'''Cons:'''

* Abysmal levels of frontal armour and absolutely terrible side armour. Tanking shots will lead to a quick death
* Bad roof armour too. Attackers and artillery is extremely hazardous to the Lorraine
* The Lorraine has a rather large and long silhouette. Not that easy to find proper concealment
* Like most French tanks, doesn't have access to any APHE shells
* Conical fragmentation makes side shots less effective
* Due to the nature of oscillating turrets, the tank has bad turret elevation
* Despite the length of the barrel, the 100 mm gun has sub-par levels of accuracy. Sniping at weak points past 500 m is not that easy

== History ==

At the end of the 1940s, during development of the AMX-50 heavy tank project, French engineers also decided to try creating a lighter tank that could serve the same role as the AMX-50.

The project was initially designated "40 ton battle tank" with an oscillating turret on the Cannon D'assaut Lorraine's chassis. Later, the vehicle was called the Lorraine 40t, based upon the name of the company that developed it : Lorraine-Dietrich. The tank used many of the same technological developments of the experimental, specially the CA Lorraine but sharing also technology with the AMX-50 prototype, specifically the revolver autoloader.

With armour plating at a maximum thickness of 45 mm, the Lorraine 40t isn't as well armoured as the AMX-50. The designers, however, set the armour plates on the Lorraine 40t at clever angles and implemented a chevron shape for the front of the hull (for which the tank is known). This effectively armoured the most vulnerable parts of the front projection and effectively exceeded the equivalent of 90 mm armour.

In addition, the Lorraine 40t's lighter armour significantly reduced its weight, thereby increasing its speed and allowing the use of steel paired roller wheels with bulletproof tires. Combined with the 850 horsepower German Maybach engine, the Lorraine 40t could reach 60 km/h, move smoothly and fire effectively at low speeds.<ref>From [[wt:en/news/5181-development-lorraine-40t-sports-heavy-en|Devblog]]</ref>

Two prototypes of the Lorraine 40t were completed in 1952. But the tank never reached production due to the creation of NATO, France invitation to NATO and the US supplying M47 Patton to France due to the Korean War outbreak.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fr_lorraine_40t Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|PosWOnOGkSo|'''Best experimental vehicles''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 2:51 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|l86ZcvMuihQ|'''What defines repair cost? The most expensive tank to play: Lorraine 40t''' - ''HowToPlay1337''|oa26g25qqP4|'''Best medium tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:01 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|p6cWlyUnJQA|'''Top 7 off-road beasts''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:31 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|HreZgJwCMzM|'''The Shooting Range #79''' - ''War Machines'' section at 00:42 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|B1t4LwEWxy4|'''Lorraine 40t - Feels Rigged''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[AMX M4]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5181-development-lorraine-40t-sports-heavy-en|[Devblog] Lorraine 40t: Sports Heavy]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/France/lorraine-40t <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Lorraine 40t]

===References===
<references />

{{TankManufacturer Lorraine}}
{{France medium tanks}}

LVT-4/40

2024-03-26T18:37:50Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{About
| about = French light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = LVT (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_lvt_bofors
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_LVT-4_40.jpg|ArtImage LVT-4-40.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} French light tank {{Battle-rating}}. After the end of WWII, France used its relatively large stockpile of US military vehicles obtained through aid to rebuild its military until domestic vehicles could be available and produced. The LVT series of amphibious armored vehicles was part of the vehicles sent to France as military aid by the US. France used this vehicle, modified with a 40mm Bofors autocannon that proved to be more effective against enemies in Indochina than the original 37mm cannons with its superior firepower, but specially its superior fire rate.

It was introduced during [[Update "Direct Hit"]] as a reward for [[Battle Pass: Season V, "River Hunter"]]. With access to a 40mm Bofors cannon, its firepower is much better when compared to the original LVT-4. The survivability however, is rather poor, being placed at a much higher BR than the original LVT-4, the vehicle is not well armored at all and can be penetrated by autocannon fire, it might be able to resist under fire for some time, but this is due to its large crew.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

With weak armour that can be penetrated by heavy machine gun fire, any vehicle could suddenly spray bullets and knock out some crew members. The armour is useful against shrapnel and small calibre HE rounds. The poor armour is not crippling as the size and amount of crew members make up for the survivability as you will rarely be knocked out by a single AP shot, especially when fuses won't activate on the thin armour.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=387|rbMinHp=221}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Bofors L/60 (40 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Bofors L/60 (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors L/60]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 384 (8) || rowspan="2" | 120 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+87° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 33.3 || 46.1 || 56.0 || 61.9 || 65.9 || rowspan="2" | 0.65 || rowspan="2" | 0.58 || rowspan="2" | 0.53 || rowspan="2" | 0.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 20.8 || 24.5 || 29.8 || 32.9 || 35.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|FI-T*|Fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''Mk.II:''' {{Annotation|FI-T*|Fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''M81A1:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}

{{:Bofors L/60 (40 mm)/Ammunition|Mk.II, M81A1}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo type
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
|-
| '''48''' '''384''' || ''Clips'' ''Rounds'' || 46 ''(+2)'' 368 ''(+16)'' || 43 ''(+5)'' 344 ''(+40)'' || 40 ''(+8)'' 320 ''(+64)'' || 37 ''(+11)'' 296 ''(+88)'' || 34 ''(+14)'' 272 ''(+112)'' || 31 ''(+17)'' 248 ''(+136)'' || 28 ''(+20)'' 224 ''(+160)'' || 25 ''(+23)'' 200 ''(+184)''
|-
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! 12th rack empty
! 13th rack empty
! 14th rack empty
! 15th rack empty
! 16th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
!
|-
| 22 ''(+26)'' 176 ''(+208)'' || 19 ''(+29)'' 152 ''(+232)'' || 16 ''(+32)'' 128 ''(+256)'' || 13 ''(+35)'' 104 ''(+280)'' || 10 ''(+38)'' 80 ''(+304)'' || 7 ''(+41)'' 56 ''(+328)'' || 4 ''(+44)'' 32 ''(+352)'' || 1 ''(+47)'' 8 ''(+376)'' || No
!
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks LVT-4-40.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
'''Notes''':

* Ammunition is divided into 48 clips of 8 rounds.
* Each rack contains 3 clips (24 rounds).

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial (left) || 1,200 (200) || 577 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Coaxial (right) || 1,200 (200) || 577 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has amphibious capability
* High rate of fire and very short reload time for the 40 mm cannon
* It has two 12.7 mm machine gun to complement the Bofors cannon
* Versatile, can be used as a light tank or a SPAA
* Large internal volume makes it remarkably survivable despite its thin armour

'''Cons:'''

* Gun depression only limit to -3 degrees
* Tall gun position with only -3 degrees gun depression, prone to close short range attacks
* Big profile makes easier for enemies to spot you
* Light armour and open-topped design make it vulnerable to air attacks, machine gun fire, chemical shells (HE, HEAT) and artillery strikes
* Fuel tanks exposed on the sides and prone to fire when shot

== History ==


In the wake of WWII, France possessed a large number of American vehicles in its service, including the LVT series of amphibious vehicles. These, along with other armored vehicles, were supplied to France as a short-term solution to rebuild the French military after the war. During the Indochina War of the early 1950's, LVTs in French service were modified to carry the 40 mm Bofors anti-air gun as it proved to be more effective against ground targets than the standard 37 mm cannon. These modified French LVTs also participated in the Suez Crisis of 1956, which also marked their final operational use.

''- From [[wt:en/news/7384-development-battle-pass-vehicles-lvt-4-40-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fr_lvt_bofors Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Wa5gx59a7RY|'''Should You buy The LVT-4/40? - Vehicle Review''' - ''Sako Sniper''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[LVT (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7384-development-battle-pass-vehicles-lvt-4-40-en|[Devblog] Battle Pass Vehicles: LVT-4/40]]

{{France light tanks}}
{{France premium ground vehicles}}

Lorraine 155 Mle.50

2024-03-26T18:28:09Z

U120313908: /* Description */ New Description Project

{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_lorraine_155
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened as '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} French tank destroyer {{Battle-rating|1}}. The '''{{Specs|name}}'''was a French prototype for a new self propelled artillery piece. Developed after WWII with the intend of prividing France with a domestic artillery system. The prototypes were finished in the 1950s but never reached production. The vehicle was equiped with the Obusier de 155 mm Modèle 50 alongside a roof mounted 20mm autocannon for anti aircraft defence. A new project emerged in the early 1950s, this was the Batignolles Chatillon 155mm. The Lorraine 155 mm project was deemed to be redundant and all works on the project was discontinued.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.77 "Advancing Storm"]] as a reward during the [[wt:en/news/5453-special-chronicles-of-world-war-ii-in-war-thunder-en|2018 WW2 Chronicles]]. The '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''' is a very interesting self propelled artillery. Since it features a 155mm Howitzer at a relatively low BR, alongside a 20mm autocannon that can be used to some extent against enemy tanks, but it is specially useful against enemy aircrafts. The biggest issue with this vehicle is the ability to be easily overpressured by enemy HE shells and the slow reload, with 20 seconds minimum using an aced crew.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The {{PAGENAME}} has very little armour (although some are sloped enough to deflect certain low-calibre rounds), and can generally be penetrated by most guns of its rank. Even worse, however, the 'casemate' (if it can even be called that) has very little armour, and in some places can be shot through with machine guns. The machine-gunner (operating the 20 mm gun) is completely standing in the open. Generally, you want to rely on good map placement and mobility, rather than armour.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, superstructure)
* Wheel (tires)
* Structural steel (gun mount, gun breech, mudguards)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 16 mm (70°) ''Upper glacis - Top'' 16 mm (60°) ''Upper glacis - Bottom'' 16 mm (cylindrical) ''Transmission housing'' 16 mm (73°) ''Lower glacis - Centre'' 20 mm (31°) ''Lower glacis - Sides'' || 16 mm || 10 mm ''Upper plate'' 10 mm (42°) ''Lower glacis'' || 16 mm (20°) ''Front glacis'' 10 mm ''Centre & Rear'' 10+10 mm ''Radiator vent covers''
|-
| Superstructure || 16 mm (21°) ''Front glacis'' 10 mm (cylindrical) ''Gun shield'' || 16 mm (30°) 16 mm (21-48°) ''Left ammo rack bulge'' || 10 mm ''Sides'' || 10 mm
|-
| Cupola || N/A || colspan="2" style="text-align:center" | 10 mm (cylindrical) || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 10 mm thick while tracks, sprocket wheels, torsion bars, and return rollers are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 10 mm thick.
* Gun breech is 150 mm thick, while the barrel itself is 25 mm.
* Gun carriage around the gun is 20 mm thick, while the gun mount/traverse device is 40 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=852|rbMinHp=531}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|L'Obusier de 155 Modèle 1950 (155 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L'Obusier de 155 Modèle 1950 (155 mm)|155 mm L'Obusier de 155 Modèle 1950]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 30 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+67° || rowspan="2" | ±20° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 5.3 || 7.3 || 8.9 || 9.8 || 10.5 || rowspan="2" | 26.00 || rowspan="2" | 23.00 || rowspan="2" | 21.20 || rowspan="2" | 20.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 3.6 || 4.2 || 5.1 || 5.6 || 6.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:L'Obusier de 155 Modèle 1950 (155 mm)/Ammunition|M107, M110}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''30''' || 29 ''(+1)'' || 27 ''(+3)'' || 23 ''(+7)'' || 18 ''(+12)'' || 15 ''(+15)'' || 9 ''(+21)'' || 6 ''(+24)''|| 1 ''(+29)''|| Yes
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
'''Notes:'''

* Projectiles and propellant charges are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* The visual discrepancy concerns the total number of shells as well as the number of shells per rack:
** 28 shells are modeled but you can pack 30 shells.
** Rack 8 is modeled as 3 shells but contains 5 shells.
* Recommended loadout: 9 ''(+21)'' shells. It keeps most ammunition in the floor and out of sponsons.
{{Clear}}
=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG 151 (20 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG 151 (20 mm)|20 mm MG 151]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Roof cupola || 500 (250) || 701 || -8°/+45° || ±180°
|-
|}
The roof-mounted MG 151 autocannon is very good at knocking out tracks, punching through lightly armoured vehicles and shooting down low-flying aircraft. Use it sparsely because of its low ammo count. When losing a crew member, the machine gunner is used to replace other crew members, meaning that you can't use the 20 mm cannon anymore.

== Usage in battles ==

The best method of using the large-calibre weapon on the Lorraine is to exploit the high-explosive power against thin-armour on the enemy. Like other large calibre HE tanks, shooting below an enemy vehicle will penetrate its belly armour. This is an effective, albeit difficult way to engage tanks whose armour is greater than what your HE shell can penetrate.

Some targets to keep in mind of, and their weak points:

* Tiger I - While seemingly a hard enemy to face, the Tiger is easily dispatched with a side shot. A hit to the roadwheels will penetrate the tank, with the shell fragments going through the thin armour on the underside of the tank's sponson. This is also possible to do to Tiger IIs, but usually results in much less damage done.
* Tiger II P, Panthers D and A - a hit to the bottom of the curved turret face of these tanks will cause the HE shell to penetrate the roof of the vehicle. This can also be done on tanks with flat turret fronts ( Tiger I, Tiger II H, Panthers G and F) by aiming for the lower half of the turret, but is not as reliable.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Powerful 155 mm gun with a HE shell on-par with the KV-2's gun
* Pintle-mounted 20 mm cannon that is deadly to lightly-armoured vehicles and aircraft
* Decent mobility
* Good reverse speed

'''Cons:'''

* Thin armour with an open casemate, allows even rifle-calibre rounds to affect the crew
* Despite thin armour, it's thick enough to trigger most fuses in APHE shells
* Large profile
* Long reload time; increases if the loader is taken out
* If the machine-gunner is knocked out, so is the ability to use the 20 mm cannon
* No AP shells, only HE shells
* Bad gun depression of 5°

== History ==

Prototypes of the Lorraine 155 Mle.50 passed trials in 1950, but never reached production.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fr_lorraine_155 Skin and Camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|_xCgMBOiA8U|'''High-explosive power''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 0:50 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|YZtAEsSpwNM|'''The Shooting Range #96''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:39 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|JLYYAZo6slw|'''Lorraine 155 Mle.50 - Absolute unit''' - ''Oxy''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[CA Lorraine]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Brummbar|Brummbär]]
* {{Specs-Link|germ_kv_2_754r}}
* [[KV-2 (1939)]] / [[KV-2 (1940)]]

== External links ==


* [[Wikipedia:Lorraine_155_mm|[Wikipedia] Lorraine 155 mm]]

{{TankManufacturer Lorraine}}
{{France tank destroyers}}
{{France premium ground vehicles}}