War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

R-3R

2023-09-27T01:37:27Z

U119328675: /* See also */

{{About
| about = semi-active radar homing missile '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the infrared homing version
| link = R-3S
}}
[[File:R-3R.png|thumb|right|350px|R-3Rs mounted on the [[MiG-21SMT]]]]
== Description ==

[[File:WeaponImage R-3R.png|thumb|left|420px|The R-3R missile (scale is approximate)]]
{{Break}}
The '''R-3R''' (K-13R, AA-2C 'Atoll') is a is a Soviet [[Air-to-air_missiles#Semi-Active_Radar_Homing_.28SARH.29_missiles|semi-active radar-homing air-to-air missile]]. Based on the [[R-3S]] missile, the missile shares the same manoeuvrability and warhead characteristics that makes the missile more viable at shorter ranges.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|mig-21_bis_lazur}}
* {{Specs-Link|mig-21_sps_k}}
* {{Specs-Link|mig-21_bis}}
* {{Specs-Link|mig_21_bis_finland}}
* {{Specs-Link|mig-21_bis_sau}}
* {{Specs-Link|mig-21_mf}}
* {{Specs-Link|mig-21_s}}
* {{Specs-Link|mig-21_smt}}

== General info ==


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | Missile characteristics
|-
| '''Mass''' || 75 kg
|-
| '''Guidance''' || SARH
|-
| '''Signal''' || Pulse
|-
| '''Lock range''' || 8 km
|-
| '''Launch range''' || 9 km
|-
| '''Maximum speed''' || 1.7 M
|-
| '''Maximum overload''' || 10 G
|-
| '''Missile guidance time''' || 21 secs
|-
| '''Explosive mass''' || 8.8 kg TNTeq
|-
|}

=== Effective damage ===

Warhead has a TNT equivalent explosive mass of 8.8 kg which is usually sufficient to destroy targeted aircraft that come within the fuse detonation range with one hit. It does however have the lowest explosive mass of any radar guided missile in-game.

=== Comparison with analogues ===

The R-3R is equipped with an identical warhead to that found on the R-3S.

== Usage in battles ==

As with other radar missiles, acquiring stable radar lock is easiest at higher altitude. The R-3R performs best at and above 2,000 m, however it can lock onto an enemy above you even at low altitude should you pitch up steeply to avoid ground clutter. Due to the missile's relatively low speed of Mach 1.7, long-range intercepts are unreliable as the missile will struggle to intercept before running out of fuel. One good remedy to this issue is to pick up higher altitude targets with your radar and approach from head-on either level or slightly below the enemy's altitude. Spool up the missile but do not fire from further than 5 km out as missile lock can be intermittent beyond this. When fired in a head-on between 5 to 1.25 km, the missile has a significant chance of successful intercept if you maintain radar lock with the target and they fail to make significant evasive action. Missiles fired in a head-on close in at much greater relative speeds thus little time is provided to evade. Be aware that the [[F-8E]] has a much faster [[AIM-9C]] missile so it will win in head-ons.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Capable of hitting targets at lower altitudes if lock can be attained
* Spools up quickly and tracks fast enough to hit targets in a head-on even when fired at ranges just over 1 km
* Uncaged seeker with large firing arc after locking target

'''Cons:'''

* Relatively low 10G overload compared to other air-to-air missiles and all other radar missiles
* Relatively slow intercept speed
* Smallest warhead of all radar guided air-to-air missiles
* Low launch overload limit

== History ==

Work began on adapting the [[R-3S]] missile with a Semi-Active Radar Homing (SARH) warhead in 1961 under the bureau designation ''Izdeliye 320'', with expectations that it could be used in high-altitude engagements.<ref name="MissileInfoR3">Missilery.info n.d.</ref> Though limited by the dimensions of the R-3S missile, improvements could be made to the warhead, rocket motor, and fins. In the front, a new semi-active radar seeker was installed, surrounded by dielectric fairing. For the rudders in front, a new rudder actuator package was installed that attached an electronic module that adjusts the rudder deflection to better suit the missile's flight based on altitude and target distance. Behind the rudder was the warhead alongside the new ''Yastreb'' radar proximity fuse, the latter which has a diameter wider than the missile's body, creating a bulge in the missile body that contains the fuse's transmitter/receiver antennas.<ref name="Gordon2004_26to28">Gordon 2004, 26-28</ref> It is not known what specific upgrade, if any, were done to the rocket motor. These modifications to the missile increased the length by 580 mm and the weight by 7.1 kg.<ref name="Gordon2004_26to28" />

Izdeliye 320 was ready for production in 1965-66, with the missile index designated '''R-3R''' (also known as ''K-13R'', or the US codename ''AA-2C'').<ref name="MissileInfoR3" /><ref name="Gordon2004_26to28" /> The weapon would be accepted into service by 1968.<ref name="Gordon2004pg30">Gordon 2004, 30</ref> The R-3R's SARH seeker allowed for an all-aspect engagement with the target. The missile was effective up to 21 km in altitude, with an effective range between 0.3 to 15 km.<ref name="MissileInfoR3" /> The R-3R was compatible with the APU-13U-2 launch rails, which were installed in later models of the MiG-21 (from ''[[MiG-21S|S]]'' to ''[[MiG-21bis|bis]]'') and early MiG-23 variants.

A fixed acquisition "training" round was also produced for the R-3R, designated the ''R-3RU'' (''Izdeliye 328'') which was effectively a R-3U (training round for the R-3S) with a SARH seeker installed and with the fins retained without rudder nor rollerons.<ref name="Gordon2004_26to28" />

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
[[R-3S]]

[[AIM-9B Sidewinder|AIM-9B]]
== External links ==


===References===

;Citations:
<references />

;Bibliography:

* Gordon, Yefim. 2004. ''Soviet/Russian Aircraft Weapons Since World War II.'' England: Midland Publishing.
* <nowiki>Missilery.info</nowiki>. n.d. "R-3S aircraft missile (K-13, item 310 and 310A)." Accessed February 18, 2022. [https://en.missilery.info/missile/r3c Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220218133952/https://en.missilery.info/missile/r3c Archive])

{{Missiles}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

JA37C

2023-07-18T02:45:54Z

U119328675: Changes to pros and cons to account for lead indication, spelling mistake fix

{{About
| about = Swedish jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = SAAB 37 Viggen (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_ja37
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_saab_ja37.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Direct Hit"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

A decently fast plane, capable of around Mach 1.4 within a game. Somewhat fast turning, but It cannot hold a fight for long.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 9,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,923 || 1,877 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 26.1 || 26.3 || 168.4 || 157.8 || rowspan="2" | 900
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,061 || 1,997 || 23.9 || 25.0 || 233.7 || 199.6
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute !! Thrust reversal
|-
| X || X || ✓ || ✓ || X || X || {{Annotation|✓*|Only when landed}} 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,536  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || - || - || 400 || ~12 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 865 || < 700 || < 520 || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="6" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Svenska Flygmotor RM8B || 1
| colspan="3" | 12,315 kg || colspan="3" | 364 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="5" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 15m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 50m fuel
|-
| 2,350 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 13,641 kg || 14,080 kg || 14,963 kg || 16,287 kg || 16,735 kg || 19,000 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="6" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 15m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 50m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 6,585 kgf || 11,025 kgf
| 0.81 || 0.78 || 0.74 || 0.68 || 0.66 || 0.58
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 6,585 kgf (0 km/h) || 15,990 kgf (1,250 km/h)
| 1.17 || 1.14 || 1.07 || 0.98 || 0.96 || 0.84
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The JA37C, being primarily a fighter-interceptor, is not equipped with any armour plating. Fuel tanks comprise much of the fuselage and wing area, and a fire will usually mean death. The elevons on the wing handle both elevator pitch and roll, so losing even 1 will make the plane nearly uncontrollable. Avoid damage at all costs, as even a damaged non-critical component will likely cause drag, making flight performance worse. As with most top tier fighters, it becomes much more challenging to fly with even a slight amount of damage compared to lower tier planes.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}} || {{Cross}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Akan m/75 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 30 mm Akan m/75 cannon, belly-mounted (150 rpg)
** 1 x 30 mm Akan m/75 cannon + 48 x large calibre countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|RB24|RB24J|RB71|psrak m/70}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance presets:

* 1 x 1,250 l drop tank
* 2 x RB24J missiles
* 6 x RB24 missiles
* 6 x RB24J missiles
* 2 x RB71 missiles
* 24 x psrak m/70 rockets

==== Custom loadout options ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="7%" | 1 !! width="7%" | 2 !! width="7%" | 3 !! width="7%" | 4 !! width="7%" | 5 !! width="7%" | 6 !! width="7%" | 7
| rowspan="6" width="25%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_JA37D.png]]</div>
|-
! psrak m/70 rockets
| || 6 || 6 || || 6 || 6 ||
|-
! RB24 missiles
| 1 || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! RB24J missiles
| 1 || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! RB71 missiles
| || 1 || || || || 1 ||
|-
! 1,250 l drop tanks
| || || || 1 || || ||
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Viggen is a simple and effective plane to use in realistic battles. You will notice on take-off it is a bit sluggish and won't accelerate very well, as it is heavy, but once you're above 700 km/h the thrust and aerodynamics help you accelerate better from here. The Viggen performs better compared to most fighters at lower altitudes (3,000 m and below) in terms of manoeuvrability and top speed. Taking advantage of your top speed, Pulse-Doppler radar and Skyflash missiles, you can be aggressive and hit the battle early and at low level to take out any attackers using your useful radar set with your SARH missiles.

If you want to be more conservative, you can hang with your team and go around the side. The Viggen has very high rip speeds, getting some altitude and coming into the fight at a supersonic dive can be very effective if you maintain your speed trying to find targets for your Skyflash missiles. If in a head-on, the Skyflash can hit targets about 6 km away at sea level if they don't change direction. It is usually very effective and hard to dodge the agile Skyflash if launched in a head-on at around 3km. The motor will still be burning and your missile will maintain energy to the target. If in Pulse-Doppler mode, the radar will no longer track a target if it starts to turn at a 90 degree angle (this is called beaming). The radar will lose lock and the missile will be unable to track if this happens. If you have enough time, you can potentially switch to the AIM-9J to try to get a lock behind the target from here, though keep in mind your enemy's countermeasures. In a last resort, you can use the gun, essentially an Aden, it hits hard, but it is very hard to aim due to its placement (under the fuselage) and the lack of tracers.

Try to stay out of any extended dogfight, especially if your opponent has any support. Though it is considerably manoeuvrable at all speeds, the Viggen won't do well in any dogfight with sustained turns, as it will just bleed too much energy and being too slow is almost certainly fatal. It is heavy, slow to accelerate and a big target. So get fast, and stay fast. Bringing a full tank of fuel is generally recommended as the Viggen's afterburner uses incredible amounts of fuel, though the engine is quite strong in a climb.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High top speed of mach 1.21 at sea level
* Competitive turning rate
* Agile with responsive elevons at higher speeds and a large rudder
* Moderately heavy air-to-air payload; able to carry up to six under-wing missiles and has an internally mounted 30 mm cannon
* Can carry a respectable amount of countermeasures
* Comfortable to land thanks to a low stall speed, strong landing gear, and the ability to reverse the engine's thrust
* Potent radar set with access to both Pulse-Doppler and track-while-scan modes, with a lengthy search range
* Access to the deadly RB71 semi-active radar missile which can out-turn the RB24Js on paper
* Access to rockets

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely poor energy retention during sustained turns, only made worse by its acceleration at low speeds
* Fuel-thirsty afterburner
* Lackluster performance at mid-to-low subsonic speeds and mediocre acceleration
* Weak airbrakes
* You are facing better-performing missiles at your BR
* Radar locks onto chaff easily
* Loses control if one aileron is lost
* Low ammo count for the 30 mm cannon, which also completely lacks tracers in any of its belts (though this is partially mitigated with a radar-lock lead indicator.)
* Unconventional flaps which are mostly only useful during landings

== History ==

'''Background'''

During the 1960s, advances in technology occurred rapidly alongside the aviation industry, paving the way for more complex and capable designs. In order to keep up with the rest of the industry, SAAB had to develop aircraft at a constant pace, often coming up with replacements before the predecessor had even entered service. The SAAB Viggen was sought to be the replacement for the A32A and was being considered as early as 1952. The decision of whether to make a fighter or attacker design continued for years. By the end of the '50s, project 1500 started to show potential, with a delta wing design capable of performing multiple roles through different versions. The wing design would allow for short-distance take-off and landings, following the BAS60 roadbase system requirements. These also included all-weather capability and full coverage of the 2,000 km Swedish coastline.

The 37-1 prototype took to the skies in February of 1967. The design still had to go through extensive modifying before the plane could reach the production line. The canards were angled, the wing adjusted, and the fuselage bent slightly. Much of the unorthodox appearance of the Viggen arrived from the extensive testing done on the first prototypes. When finalized, an order of AJ37 Viggens was handed over to F7 Skaraborg, becoming the first division utilizing the aircraft.

'''JA37'''
[[File:JA37 Prototype.jpg|thumb|333x333px|JA37 Prototype airborne, carrying Rb71 Skyflash missiles.]]
With the Viggen successfully replacing ageing attack and reconnaissance aircraft, the focus shifted towards the replacement of the J35 Draken. This required extensive modifying of the Viggen as a whole, as the requirements for an interceptor wouldn't be met with the powerplant and avionics used in the already existing variants. The project was extensive, redesigning most areas of the plane to fit these specifications. SAAB had to fit an internal gun, an air-to-air radar, and a new flight computer which allowed a real-time data-feed between ground stations and flight groups. One of the more complicated adjustments was the powerplant, where the engineers had to install an additional fan stage. This helped counteract the compressor stall the RM8 engine often experienced at high angles of attack, allowing the JA37 to dogfight more comfortably. These modifications were expensive, exceeding the set budget several times. But SAAB pressed on with the design until the version was fully developed.

The first completed JA37 flew on November 4th, 1977. The first service variants were delivered to F13 Bråvalla in June of 1980, while F17 Blekinge and F21 Luleå received theirs in 1981 and 1982 respectively. The JA37 would go on to be the most produced variant of the Viggen, with 147 aircraft delivered between eight different divisions. The JA37 was highly appreciated by those who flew it, and saw many modifications that extended its lifespan.

'''JA37C'''

As the 80s came to an end, the Viggen platform began to require an overhaul to bring the capabilities closer to that of other countries. The Gripen project was still years away from being completed, so an upgrade program began that would involve all JA37 in continued service being upgraded to the JA37C standard. This package introduced countermeasures, and a new signal processor, allowing the radar to track more efficiently against enemy jamming. The radar could now follow multiple targets simultaneously and also display virtual targets to enhance pilot training. This variant of the JA37 would see use up until the end of the decade, still being a capable platform for its time.

=== [[wt:en/news/7304-development-perfect-interceptor-ja37c-jaktviggen-and-premium-j35a-draken-en|Devblog]] ===
The requirements for a new aircraft with very high performance to replace the SAAB 35 Draken emerged in the early 1960s. In 1962, the design team of the SAAB company prepared a draft design of the SAAB 37 aircraft, built according to an exotic double delta wing. The project seemed interesting for military authorities , and SAAB received funding to fully develop a new fighter in four basic configurations. The last and most advanced version was the SAAB JA37 Jaktviggen fighter-interceptor, the development of which continued until the mid-1970s, which was associated with the improvement of the engine and the development of modern electronic equipment. The first flight of the experimental JA37 interceptor fighter took place in June 1974, and in 1979 the fighter began to be supplied for service. Until 1990, 149 JA37 Jaktviggen units were produced. The specific appearance made the aircraft of the J37 family a "calling card" of the Royal Swedish Air Force for a long time.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_ja37 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|hi_oRpH0stM|'''The Shooting Range #271''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 01:07 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7304-development-perfect-interceptor-ja37c-jaktviggen-and-premium-j35a-draken-en|[Devblog] Perfect interceptor JA37C Jaktviggen and Premium J35A Draken]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/534245-viggen-ja-37/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden jet aircraft}}