War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

M24

2023-08-10T11:09:15Z

U118123450: /* Ammunition */

{{About
| about = American light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = M24 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=us_m24_chaffee
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

When World War II started, the US Army had the [[M3_Stuart_(Family)|Stuart]] as their primary light tank. However, the old armour arrangement and anemic 37 mm gun has the US Army desire a more powerful light tank to replace the Stuart. Starting as Light Tank T24, Ordnance Department sought to incorporate the Stuart mobility components into a design with better armour and the firepower of the 75 mm gun. This culminated in 1943 as the M24 and was nicknamed the "Chaffee". About 4,731 units were produced between 1944 and 1945 and the M24 saw its first combat service in the Battle of the Bulge. The M24 Chaffee would go on to serve throughout the rest of World War II, the Korean War, and in foreign armies elsewhere.

The M24 Chaffee, introduced into the game alongside the American ground tech tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]], is a major improvement over the series of M3/M5 Stuart light tank that players experience beforehand. The Chaffee's mobility is on par with the M5 Stuart, being able to move forwards and backwards at swift speed. The improved sloped armour in the front can allow the Chaffee to better take a hit than its predecessors, not to mention the larger crew size. Most importantly, the 75 mm gun allows the light tank to maintain a similar firepower as a medium tank. Intuitive players can make use of the superior mobility offered by the Chaffee platform and the firepower benefits of the 75 mm to not only strike enemies where they lease expect it, but also scout them out in order to let their teammates be aware of the enemy positions.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The M24 Chaffee has thin armour on all sides, and can only effectively resist machine gun fire or very low-penetrating shells. Its crew members also sit very close to each other, increasing the chance of it getting knocked out by a single shot. The V-shaped gun mantlet might bounce some small calibre shells if you are lucky enough. However, don't rely on it as the rest of the tank is still poorly protected. It should also be kept in mind that the hatch on the front is weak to higher-calibre rounds, so it is important to be careful when making advances as it is often targeted.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret, cupola)
* Cast homogeneous armour (gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 25.4 mm (60°) ''Front glacis'' 25.4 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 25.4 mm (13°) ''Front'' 12.7 mm (13°) ''Rear'' || 12.7 mm (71-74°) ''Top'' 19 mm (1-43°) ''Bottom'' || 12.7 mm
|-
| Turret || 38.1 mm (8-40°) ''Turret front'' 38.1 mm (1-45°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 25.4 mm (17-26°) || 25.4 mm || 12.7 mm
|-
| Cupola || 38.1 mm || 38.1 mm || 38.1 mm || 38.1 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 15 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 12.7 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=459|rbMinHp=262}}

The M24 travels at an average of 40 km/h on/off-road which is the average light tank speed. It also responds fast when reversing. Thanks to its short and wide tracks it is able to turn quickly. However the acceleration is poor, making it to feel sluggish when performing short range manoeuvres.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M6 (75 mm)}}

The tank offers the 75 mm M6 gun, which only differs from the [[M4|M4]]/[[M4A1|M4A1]] Sherman's 75 mm M3 gun with its slower reloading rate due to the smaller confines of the M24 Chaffee. The shells come in handy for certain tanks; they generally penetrate armour very well. It is rare to experience a ricochet or be to unable to penetrate any armour.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M6 (75 mm)|75 mm M6]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 48 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Vertical|up to 24 km/h}} || 22.85 || 31.62 || 38.40 || 42.47 || 45.18 || rowspan="2" | 8.45 || rowspan="2" | 7.47 || rowspan="2" | 6.89 || rowspan="2" | 6.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.56 || 24.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M6 (75 mm)/Ammunition|M72 shot, M48 shell, M61 shot, M64}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
The M24 holds 48 rounds of 75mm ammunition in two low-set ammo racks, meaning that the probability of them being struck by incoming fire is relatively low. The low ammo capacity can be a hindrance in extended fights, so packing max ammo will not make too much of a difference in survivability whereas the provision of only 25 shells may leave you dry in a long fight, for the insignificant benefit of having a slightly smaller ammorack profile.[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''48''' || 25 ''(+23)'' || 1 ''(+47)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

The two machine guns on the M24 Chaffee are the [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|.50 cal M2HB]] and the [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]. The roof-mounted .50 cal can traverse 360 degrees and has great depression & elevation, posting a big threat to any plane that is flying too close to the M24. It has an unbelievable penetration of 31 mm at 10 m, meaning it can easily penetrate plenty of lightly armoured vehicles and even the side of some low rank medium tanks. The 7.62 mm, on the other hand, can only efficiently damage exposed crews due to its low penetration.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (200) || 577 || -10°/+70° || ±60°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The M24 Chaffee is a very good tank with a fairly interesting playstyle. Instead of being permanently stationed at a single point and continuously firing at an enemy, this tank offers impressive manoeuvrability and speed which allows it to perform impressive flanking manoeuvres. The M24 can travel at around 38 km/h forward and -25 km/h backwards. Its reverse speed is very good if a quick getaway by going backwards is needed. Thus, this tank excels at "peek-a-boo" tactics in which one hides behind a rock or other large piece of cover and repeatedly inches out to fire at an enemy.

An extension of this "peek-a-boo" tactic is to also use the tank's mobility for "scoot-and-shoot" tactics by firing and then moving to another firing location so as to prevent enemy tanks and tank destroyers from accurately guessing range. This can be difficult, however, as you must be very versed in your own tank's ballistics to make shots as you will have to estimate range on the fly. Don't think this means firing on the move - if you are going faster than 16 km/h (10 mph), the stabilizer will not allow for accurate shots, and it is only a vertical stabilizer.

Do not continuously shoot at a tank without backing up/moving. The vehicle's armour is very thin and will most likely be destroyed if it stays in one position and does not stop changing positions. Always try to get the first shot off in a head-on attack. The best shell to use is the M61 shell as its penetration and explosive filler make it better in almost every aspect than the M72 shell. You can try loading under 20 shells and you will be more survivable than players expect.

Another way to go around is to flank the enemy. If attacking with a more direct approach, keep hidden behind a building or boulder and pop out every now and then to take a shot at the enemy. Also, prioritize targets who are busy fighting others and cannot retaliate. Usually, after the first shot, it may disable their tank depending on what it is. Disabling the enemy tank's crew, tracks, engine, etc. allows for retaliation without the risk of any incoming enemy shells.

'''Enemies worth noting''':

* [[Sd.Kfz.234 (Family)]]: The M24, although agile, is still not the fastest tank at its rank. When your opposite team has Germany, you might want to reconsider the option of capping a point straight away, since the German Sd.Kfz.234 series are very likely to be there first. The [[Sd.Kfz.234/2]] is a turreted 8-wheel vehicle with a small profile, extremely high on-road speed and a powerful 50 mm gun. But it cannot turn in place, has a very slow turret traverse and only 8 mm of side hull armour, so a good tactic is to circle with it and utilise your stabiliser, fast turret and the piercing .50 cal. In an intense melee fight, you might miss your shots. Don't worry, your reliable .50 cal can penetrate the sides, or even the front of the puma easily. The [[Sd.Kfz.234/3]] and [[Sd.Kfz.234/4]], although being equally deadly, are turretless. You can use some quick turns to avoid their guns or tear through the thin armour plate protecting their gunners with your .50 cal.
* [[E.B.R. (1954)]]: this wheeled vehicle, just like the Sd.Kfz.234 series, is able to reach a remarkably high speed, especially on road. It is equipped with a deadly 75 mm cannon with autoloader, dealing more fragmental damage than the Sd.Kfz.234's and can therefore easily knock out the M24 with a single shot most of the times. The tactics vary a bit, as the E.B.R also has way faster turret traverse, therefore you do not want to "dogfight" it like how you deal with a Puma. You need to be more careful and try to ambush it. Utilise your advantages well, you have superior gun depression, explosive-packed shells, lots of smoke grenades and, most importantly, a vertical stabiliser.
* [[KV-1]], [[KV-IB (Germany)|KV-IB]], [[KW I C 756 (r) (Germany)|KW I C 756 (r)]]: The famous KV-series can cause a bit of troubles too. They are well know for their well-protected hull and turrets. The M24 can manoeuvre to point-blank range, line up your gun so it's pointing dead flat at the armour and fire. The 104 mm penetration of the M61 shell should punch a hole in the KV's armour with ease. If you are close enough but do not have the space to manoeuvre, shoot their gun barrel to prevent them from getting a shot off, then go for their turret ring or the vertical part on their gun mantlet, which is only 90 mm. For the KV-1B, do not try and fire at its turret from the front and side, as they are 105 mm thick and will never get penetrated. For the KW I C 756, aim for the cupola (50 m) or the gun mantlet (50 mm) to knock out the turret crew or the gun breech. Don't shoot at anywhere else, the shell won't penetrate.
* [[Churchill (Family)|Churchill]] tanks: The Churchills, with their complex hulls and sturdy turrets, can be quite hard to penetrate at range. Again, manoeuvre as close to them as possible, the idea distance being no more than 200 m. If they are angling their hull but facing their turret at you, only go for the turret. For the Mk I Churchills, aim at the near-vertical part of their rounded cheeks to ensure successful penetrations. For the Mk III and the German Churchill, also aim for their flat turret which is at most 89 mm. The shell should go in easily and knock out most, if not all of the crew. Only when you are facing their hull without any angles should you shoot the hull, otherwise shoot the turret only, as their big tracks can easily get in front of the frontal hull. The side hull have multiple layers of armour, some of which are weirdly angled and can absorb plenty of shells.
* [[M4A2]] / [[M4A4 (1st PTG)]]: these Sherman tanks are widely used by over 3 nations that spread across both the Allied and the Axis side, so no matter which nation you play they can be quite tough to destroy in the hands of a skilled tanker. Given the rather weak penetration of your short 75 mm gun, their hull can be almost impossible to penetrate when angled, hull down or 300 m away. For a M4A4, there are 2 apparent bulges on the upper front plate, a penetration through there can guarantee a knock-out most of the times. But in case the opponent covers them up or when it's a M4A2, aim for the middle parts of the gun mantlet or the turret armour unprotected by the mantlet, you can at least make them defenseless.
* [[StuG III G]], [[StuH 42 G]], [[Jagdpanzer 38(t)]]: These German tank destroyers are deadly ambushers as well as well-defended frontline vehicles. They have low profiles which make them significantly less noticeable on the battlefield. They also have very thick or sloped armour. In particular, the StuG and StuH can have a maximum frontal thickness of 100 mm with additional armour, making them tough enough for the M24's 75 mm short cannon. Thus the M24 should avoid direct combat with them as they are difficult to penetrate and can easily knock out the M24. Fortunately, all 3 do not have a turret and were poorly protected on their sides, so flanking become a great tactic to finish them off. However, be aware that StuG and StuH can turn their hulls very quickly, so take that into account.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Decent mobility: good top speed and great turning ability
* Uses the same gun as the 75 mm Shermans: various shell types, great penetration & damage and excellent gun depression. M61 shell can easily knock out common medium tanks with a single shot
* Fast turret traverse allows it to track agile targets easily
* Low profile allows it to easily hide behind small bushes or rocks, increasing survivability
* Equipped with a vertical plane stabilizer, allowing for more accurate shots on the move or shoot-n-scoot tactics
* Pintle-mounted HMG allows for air defense and some anti tank ability (e.g. Marder III, Sd.Kfz.234 series, Breda 501, etc)
* 13 smoke grenades allow escaping from dangerous situation for many times
* Effective even in uptiers if used for flanking shots or hunting soft targets
* Very fast reverse allowing it to retreat from danger quickly

'''Cons:'''

* Low survivability: all-round thin armour and closely packed crews. Can get one-shot by common guns like 76 mm F-34 and 75 mm KwK40
* Acceleration is rather sluggish, especially when stock or on soft terrains
* On-road top speed is inferior to some wheeled vehicles like the [[Sd.Kfz.234/2]] and other light tanks at its BR
* Shells drop dramatically at long distances, making distant / moving targets hard to shoot at
* Reload time is pretty slow for a light tank
* Low ammo count can be a problem in long games or RB/SB matches but not so low that ammo rack detonations are rare

== History ==

===Development===
As early as 1942, the light tanks [[M3 Stuart|M3]] and [[M5A1|M5 Stuart]] have been seen as severely lacking in the modernizing design of tanks and how they fight. The armour was seen as insufficient and the [[M3 (37 mm)|37 mm gun]] was also deemed useless against even the standard German tanks like the [[Pz.III J|Panzer III]] and [[Pz.IV F2|Panzer IV]]. The system needed an upgrade, specifically a light tank that mounts the [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm gun]] seen on the [[M4|Shermans]]. An attempt to mount a 75 mm gun on a Stuart was deemed inefficient as it reduced ammo stowage and left the armour too thin on the design.

In April 1943, the U.S. Ordnance Department worked with Cadillac to start on a project for the new light tank, designated Light Tank T24. The powertrain and transmission of the M5 Stuart were used with the ultimate goal of producing a vehicle weighing less than 20 tons. This left the vehicle with relatively thin armour to stay lightweight. At the time, a lighter 75 mm gun was developed for mounting on the [[B-25J-20|B-25 Mitchell bomber]] without sacrificing performance, and this was mounted onto the light tank in development. The tank used 410 mm wide tracks with a torsion bar suspension that greatly improves cross-country travel. The engine was a Cadillac 44T24 V-8 petrol engine. The chassis was designed with the expectation that it would be used as a basis of many different vehicle roles so it was called the "Light Combat Team". The light tank end design had a low profile at 9 ft. 1 in. height and featuring a crew of five with a three-man turret, an improvement over the two-man turrets of the Stuarts. The first finished vehicle arrived on October 15, 1943, and was deemed a success, starting a contract for 1,000 units that was later raised to 5,000 units. The vehicle was classified as the Light Tank M24 and as the Chaffee by the British after US General Adna R. Chaffee, Jr., who helped develop some of America's earliest tank designs. The vehicle was produced by Cadillac and Massey-Harris from April 1944 to August 1945 with a total of 4,731 units produced.

===Combat usage===
The first batch of M24s reached the battlefields of Europe in November of 1944 and first assigned to the U.S. 2nd Cavalry Group in France. The M24 gradually entered widespread use by December 1944, some Chaffees went to the British to replace their Stuart tanks as well. The M24s were first used in the Battle of the Bulge with the 2nd and 42nd Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron sent to support the southern sector of the battle. The Chaffees were slow to enter use in the front-lines as even by the end of the war, some armoured division did not have the M24 light tanks. Despite that, the reception of the Chaffee was positive even though it may not have the firepower to fight the better German tanks like the [[Panther G|Panther tanks]]. The 75 mm gun gave the crew much more firepower than the earlier 37 mm. The light armour, though allowing the tank to pick up speed, was penetrable by most anti-tank weapons in service by Germany. The effect of the M24 Chaffee in World War II was deemed insignificant as it was not used in great numbers in comparison to the Stuarts in service since the start of the war.

The M24 Chaffee served a greater role in the Korean War and were sent in large numbers to combat the North Korean Armoured Forces, however, they were severely under-gunned with their 75 mm cannon and the light armour was easily destroyed by the Soviet-supplied [[T-34-85]] tanks. Plus, the deficiency in crew training also contributed to the poor performance of the M24 against the North Koreans. Due to their inferiority, they were used as a delaying measure until better tanks like the [[M4A3 (76) W|M4A3E8 Sherman]] and [[M26|M26 Pershing]] could be brought in. Once with supports with these better tanks, the Chaffees were relegated to reconnaissance roles, where they served with better results.

The M24, after being replaced in America by the [[M41A1|M41 Walker Bulldog]], was sent to many other countries for use. The French Army deployed the M24s during their fighting in Indochina and famously in the Battle for Dien Bien Phu. Some M24s went to the hands of the ARVN in South Vietnam to support the troops during the Vietnam War. The Pakistani Army used them as well in 1971 against India during the Indo-Pakistani War. The M24 Chaffee was also adapted in different roles by using the chassis for different designs, such as the [[M19|M19 TGMC anti-air gun]] and self-propelled guns with the M37 105 mm HMC and M41 155 mm HMC.

The Chaffee had turned out to be one of the greatest light tanks the Allies developed during World War II. Though arriving too late to be a main turning factor for the war, the design has turned out to be so reliable that some countries like Uruguay still operate modernized versions. Austria has since retired its M24 fleet, but their turrets still serve on as bunkers.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The experience of the M3 and M5 light tanks in the western desert proved that the era of light tanks with angular bodies and vertical suspension had come to a close. In 1943 work began on a completely new tank with the popular Hydromatic transmission and a carburetor engine made by Cadillac. The assignment, outside of strengthening the armament, was to keep the maximum weight below 18 short tons. As a result, a new hull with heavily sloped armour plates was developed. The turret gained a streamlined look with 37 mm armour.

The running gear was made up of five rubber-coated weight-bearing wheels and three supporting rollers in addition to forward, leading, and rear guiding wheels. The tank's main gun was a 75 mm M6 cannon with anti-recoil mechanisms around the barrel, something that made it much smaller. The tanks were fitted with coaxial and bow-mounted 7.62 mm machine guns.

The first T24 light tank prototype entered trials in October 1943. It turned out to be such a success that 1,000 units were quickly ordered, a number that later jumped to 5,000. Production took place at Cadillac and Massay-Harris factories, where 4,415 tanks were assembled between March 1944 and October 1945. The T24 was officially accepted two months after full-scale production began, receiving a new M24 designation. It entered combat in fall 1944 and was the American army's primary light tank through the end of the war.

The tanks sent to the UK via Lend-Lease were referred to as Chaffees.

The successful tank had a long career, fighting in the Korean, First Indochina, Vietnam, and Third Indo-Pakistani wars.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_m24_chaffee Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|OwVN5bFIzaM|'''A Perfect Starter Light Tank - {{PAGENAME}} Chaffee''' - ''Virus''|vwrFDhWX1gg|'''Tank Chats #140 <nowiki>| M24 Chaffee |</nowiki> The Tank Museum''' - ''The Tank Museum''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[AMX-13 (FL11)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/2936--en|[Vehicle Profile] M24 Chaffee]]

{{TankManufacturer Ordnance Department}}
{{TankManufacturer Cadillac}}
{{USA light tanks}}

A6M2-N

2023-07-07T06:07:48Z

U118123450: /* Usage in battles */

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = A6M (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=a6m2_n_zero
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''', designated as '''Type 2 Seaplane fighter ({{Annotation|二式水上戦闘機|Ni Shiki Suijō Sentōki}})''', was as a stop-gap solution for the slow development of the [[N1K1]], this [[A6M]] is the result of taking the [[A6M2 mod. 11]], modifying the tail, and adding 3 floats, with the center pontoon containing an additional fuel tank. While intended as an offensive measure for the Japanese island hopping campaign, it came too late to be used in its initial role but was continued to be used due to not requiring airfield infrastructure to operate, and used in patrol and defensive roles.

It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27. Mainly just a way heavier version of the [[A6M2 mod. 11]], armament- and engine-wise nothing has changed and hence will perform worse than the regular [[A6M]] series due to the added weight of the pontoons. The pontoons can however break off from gunfire, overspeeding or ripping them off by means of ground, making the plane return to its ideal aerodynamics and weight.

;Nicknames

* IJN Pilot nickname: ''Suisen'' (水爆, Abbriviation of {{Annotation|'''水'''上'''戦'''闘機 ('''Sui'''jō '''Sen'''tōki)|Seaplane Fighter}}).
* Allied reporting name: ''Rufe''.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,300 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 418 || 408 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.7 || 21.1 || 9.3 || 9.3 || rowspan="2" | 500
|-
! Upgraded
| 447 || 432 || 19.4 || 20.0 || 16.1 || 12.3
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 498 || 469 || 320 || ~13 || ~11
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 310 || < 420 || < 410 || > 324
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,560 m || 935 hp || 1,055 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The A6M2-N has no armor protection, and the fuel tanks are not self-sealing. Most major modules are located in the nose and wing roots of the plane, but there is also a fuel tank in the center pontoon. This means the pilot and major modules have very little protection, although from the front the engine can absorb shots before the injure the pilot. The pontoons are very large, and can absorb fire from surface targets (ships, SPAAGs, machine guns) or even a plane at a lower altitude. Most fuel is located in the center pontoon, so be careful not to lose that pontoon or else you will not have much more flying time.

* No Armor Protection
* Not Self-Sealing Fuel Tanks

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Grinding the A6M2-N will be depending what game modes that you play frequently. If it is Realistic or Simulator battles, it is best to focus on aircraft performance as you will be engaged in frequent manoeuvring engagements. In Arcade battles, it's better to focus on firepower as most of the time you will get into head-on attacks against other players.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 99 Model 1 navy (20 mm)|Type 97 navy (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 1 navy cannons, wing-mounted (60 rpg = 120 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Type 97 navy machine guns, nose-mounted (680 rpg = 1,360 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (120 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==

'''Defensive Play'''

This play style is a common theme among all Japanese Zeroes, due to the fact that playing aggressive and going for head on attacks is not an option (no armour + wood frame + no self sealing tanks = fires!). In saying that, you want to stick to tactics that are purely defensive and only attack when someone attacks you and not vice-versa. If you do think you can attack, make sure that the enemy is within 1 km of you (2 km max). Once engaged you are in that fight till the end but if the fight goes sour, remember to turn in defensive manners and only manoeuvre in manners that will keep you safe and leave the chaser in a disadvantage where he has to or is forced into a recovery manoeuvre to keep up with you. But because you're a float plane, it's going to be a bit hard trying to turn so speed is everything, but luckily due to the weight being below the plane, downward turns are fast and quick but be warned... the neck of the main float has a oil cooler and the float itself has a massive fuel tank, so be more careful than you would be in a normal Zero.

* In Simulator, the A6M Zero is overall a great plane to fly. Its advantages include the extremely smooth handling, impressive turn rate despite having extra floats, low stall speed, the ability to not enter spins in extreme manoeuvres, and decent rear visibility. It is able to pull really tight turns or barrel rolls without losing control or going into a spin, allowing the player to use this stability to their advantage. Its disadvantages, however, are the fragile protection, wing-mounted guns with very little ammo, and the cockpit scattered with frames. Although not thick, these frames can still be obstructions in a fight. Also the gunsight is small and mounted very low, resulting in inadequate visibility over the nose. This can limit the player's ability to see the target in a turn fight since to lead the target, the player must cut inside its turn, meaning the nose will now block the target. The A6M can perform dogfighting, some ground pounding and some intercepting.
* You can bring the minimum amount of fuel (29 minutes) since this model of the Zero only has a 60-round drum per cannon, as a result you might need to constantly return to airfield to reload so there is no need to bring more fuel. Set the convergence to 150-300 m. When taking off, the A6M will shift severely to the left so it is best to set separate keybind for left and right brakes to counter the torque.
* For dogfighting, it is better to engage with an altitude advantage so climb to around 2,500 m. Track the opponent using lead or pure pursuit, as with lag pursuit you will eventually end up at the 6'o clock of the target aircraft whose fuselage will soak up most of your MG bullets, and your wing mounted cannons will become really awkward to aim. With the amazing stableness the aim should be easy. Target their wings or nose and avoid the back half of the fuselage as there is usually nothing in there. You can turn with most planes with your combat/takeoff flaps deployed. Note that it is best to fire in 5-round/half-second bursts to avoid wasting cannon rounds. Once the cannons are out, the leftover 7.7 mm MGs can only effectively damage single engine fighters.

* For ground pounding with bombs, look for tanks and pillboxes. First you need some separation between you and the target so you have enough time to line-up the drop. Dive at the target at a rather shallow angle, and release the 60 kg bombs when you are very close, with the target below the gunsight and filling up around half of it. If you only use the MGs, your targets are trucks, AAA and howitzers. Dive at it and stabilise the plane so the gunsight stays overall still at the target. Then, once the target fills out around 1/6 of the gunsight, open fire. If your aim is accurate you can destroy one target in a single pass. However, it is very recommended to set keybind for firing MG only as you can definitely not waste the valuable cannon rounds. Save them for any unexpected dogfights.
* Landing is easy thanks to the low stall speed and lovely handling. Line up and approach the airstrip at treetop, decrease speed to at most 210 km/h and deploy combat, takeoff and landing flaps in order. Further decelerate so the touchdown speed is no more than 180 km/h to avoid bouncing up.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* I-16: the late I-16s are equipped with ShVAK cannons that can be pretty dangerous to your fragile airframe. They can turn equally well as the Zero, have superior roll rate but the stability is so terrible that as soon as they pull a little more on the stick, they will enter spins. Therefore it is quite easy to counter them: engage a turnfight with them and turn tighter and tighter, or do a few barrel rolls. They will quickly lose control and start spinning and it is quite hard to recover. Then simply get some separation, turn around and put some solid shots into them. They have an I-15's short and fat fuselage, a flat radial engine and triangular stabilisers located right after the low-mounted mono wings, all covered in olive green paint.
* I-153: This late variant of the I-15 Chaika is highly formidable against the A6M, as they can literally spin circles around the enemy. The A6M2-N may be the most maneuverable monoplane at its BR, but remember... it's still a monoplane, meaning that an extended turnfight against an I-153 won't go well, with him being able to end on your 6 in more than a few rounds. The I-153 is vulnerable to your cannons and MGs, but so are you to the flammable incendiary content of the ShKAS MGs, and the Chaika features 4 such nose-mounted guns. There is also a premium version of the plane with twin ShVAK autocannons, which can chop your plane apart with a well-placed burst. Use energy-fighting techniques against the Chaika as it, like the lightweight Ishak, has poor energy retention and can be caught in an energy trap if done well. Be warned of the Chaika's excellent low-speed handling, however.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Gets an air spawn on all maps
* Good manoeuvrability
* Relatively fast
* Decent climb rate
* Powerful armament
* Center float can protect the plane from attacks from below
* You can ram other planes with the float (esp. the wings)
* Excellent smooth handling in simulator and great rear visibility

'''Cons:'''

* Low ammo count for the cannons of only 60 RPG, not beginner friendly
* Low cannon velocity makes leading harder
* No self-sealing fuel tanks
* Landing on water can be hard in certain weather conditions
* Very poor energy retention
* Very fragile
* Excessive drag due to floats

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The single-seater, single-engine float seaplane fighter A6M2-N was created to cover combat operations near atolls, where the construction of airfields was often impossible.

Initially, the Kawanishi N1K1 Kyofu was planned for this purpose, but it soon became clear that Kawanishi was unable to produce the planes in sufficient quantity before the start of the war, so the navy asked Nakajima to create a float seaplane fighter. The A6M2 model 11, with non-folding wings, was chosen as a starting point. The landing gear was removed, and a large float with a built-in fuel tank installed in its place. A float was also installed under each wing for stability. The plane's armament was left unchanged.

Despite the significantly increased aerodynamic resistance and weight, the plane was quite fast and manoeuvrable.

327 of these aircraft were produced, including the original prototype, but the first A6M2-Ns barely ever took part in combat, since they were destroyed shortly after arriving at Tulagi (in the Solomon Islands) in an attack by U.S. B-17s from the 11th Bombardment Group.

They were used primarily as interceptors.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=a6m2_n_zero Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* Kawanishi [[N1K1]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[Ar 196 A-3]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/293771-nakajima-a6m2-n/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[Wikipedia:Nakajima_A6M2-N|[Wikipedia<nowiki>]</nowiki> Nakajima A6M2-N]]

{{AirManufacturer Nakajima}}
{{Japan fighters}}

SB2U-3

2023-07-06T02:04:14Z

U118123450: /* Usage in battles */

{{About
|about = American dive bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|other
|usage-1 = the other version
|link-1 = SB2U-2
|usage-2 = other uses
|link-2 = SB2 (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=sb2u-3
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
|cockpit=cockpit_sb2u-3.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American dive bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.75 "La Résistance"]].

The SB2U was developed in the early 1930s and although considered obsolete at the outbreak of World War II, it still remained in service through the Battle of Midway, however in 1943 it was withdrawn into training units and replaced by more advanced aircraft. This aircraft featured a constant-speed propeller which was intended to be utilized as a dive brake while performing dive bombing attack manoeuvres. There were three hard points for bombs to be attached, one 250 lb bomb under each wing and a single 500 or 1,000 lb bomb mounted onto a pylon under the fuselage. The larger bomb was also attached to what was called a "trapeze", a device which would when the bomb was released, swing the bomb clear of the propeller arc.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,084 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 338 || 329 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 23.6 || 24.5 || 3.7 || 4.5 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 383 || 360 || 20.4 || 22.0 || 9.7 || 6.2
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 700 || ~14 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 300 || < 350 || < 320 || > 299
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 2,895 m || 750 hp || 825 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 3 mm Steel boxes behind the gunner
* No armour glazing
* Critical components located at front of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (1 behind pilot)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (400 rpg = 1,600 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M30A1 (100 lb)|AN-M57 (250 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)|Type A Mark I mine}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb + 2 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs (700 lb total)
* 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb + 2 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 1 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bomb (1,000 lb total)
* 1 x Type A Mark I mine

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, dorsal turret (315 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

The SB2U-3 is a carrier based dive bomber. This aircraft is a fairly slow aircraft, but sturdy. Built as a dive-bomber, it excels at diving down above a target to release its bombs. The SB2U is one of the only early aircraft in War Thunder which features dive flaps (h) to aid in retarding the build up of speed during a dive, helping prevent ripping off of wings in RB and SB. Wing mounted machine guns allow for this aircraft to strafe softer ground or water targets while waiting for bombs to reload (AB). Rear facing dorsal gunner helps to ward off enemy attackers, however it is not a game changer for this aircraft.

The SB2U is a slow aircraft which leads it to having two options, first is to hug the terrain. While flying to your target of choice (AAA sites, AA Vehicles or bases), fly along the terrain, utilize what hills and valleys there are to fly through. Time on target may be limited before the enemy gets there so line up your bombing run and drop bombs. This aircraft can manoeuvre fairly well, utilizing elevator and rudder controls, you can quickly flip this aircraft around and return to ground attacking targets you just flew over.

The second option will be to gain altitude. Going too high will render your bombs ineffective. The idea here is to gain several thousand feet, fly towards your target of choice and then dive on it. During your dive, your aircraft will build up speed, to prevent too much speed build up and control stiffening, reduce your throttle and engage landing flaps ("F" by default) as the SB2U does not have airbrakes. This will allow you a controlled descent and the ability to line up your target easier, the unfortunate down side is that now you are slowly moving in a straight line, easy target for enemy fighters. Once you swoop on your target and release your bombs, engage full throttle and retract dive brakes.

While this aircraft is slow, it can be utilized to attack fighters if in a pinch. The manoeuvrability of this aircraft along with its slow speed can aid in forcing an attacking enemy to overshoot or underestimate the capabilities of this aircraft.

The rear-facing dorsal gunner does not deter much, don't rely on him to clear your tail of trailing aircraft. Enemy fighters will assume this aircraft to be an easy target due to its size and slow speed.

The SB2U is a slow aircraft, however it is manoeuvrable. Due to the large surface area of the wings and rudder, it can make quick reversals through wing-overs causing faster fighters to overshoot. The rear-gunner does not pack much of a punch, however coming at this aircraft from the underside will avoid any offensive/defensive weapons allowing for time to line up a shot. Aim for critical areas of the aircraft (engine, pilot, fuel…) as the body of the aircraft can soak up a good amount of damage.

An interesting fighting technique against enemy bombers, if altitude, airspeed and lack of nearby enemy fighters permits, is to engage in a "Turret fighting" mode. Start with a 700m+ altitude advantage and 300km/h and look for isolated medium/heavy bombers. (If the bomber in question has significant forward firepower, such as the British DB-3(Quad 7.7mm MG) or the BV 138 B-1(20mm MG151), this technique is best avoided as these will make short work of your vulnerable tail. Do your homework and find which bombers are vulnerable in the nose) Dive on the bomber at a shallow angle (about 20 degrees will do) and fire with your forward MGs if you can. Bank under the target bomber and match his airspeed and climb angle and switch to gunner view. If you successfully followed the instructions your gunner should have an easy view of the front of the enemy bomber, and with sufficient aim and trigger discipline, you should be able to put enough gunfire into his engines or even pilot snipe him to take him down.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Manoeuvrable
* Dual role dive bomber/attacker
* Good diver
* Armament of four .50 cal machine guns give it good frontal firepower

'''Cons:'''

* Large target
* Slow speed
* Weak defensive weapons
* Small payload

== History ==


The mid-1930s was an exciting time of military aircraft development. As is with technological changes, designers, developers and engineers look for ways to eke out as much power, speed or even damage infliction as possible. Aircraft which imbue the best of these qualities are typically the ones which get contracts with the military.

The United States Navy was continuously looking to upgrade its fleet of aircraft and in 1934 sought to receive proposals for a new scout bomber designed for carrier usage. This scout bomber requirement was unique for the time as the request came in two parts, the aircraft manufactures had the choice to submit either a monoplane or biplane option. Six manufactures competed in the proposal, and Vought was the only manufacturer which submitted a prospective aircraft in each category. At the time, monoplanes were still relatively new while biplanes had a known track record. Vought favoured the monoplane design, however, concluded that providing a submission in each category allowed them to be competitive no matter the category the Navy selected. Of the six companies submissions, four of them won contracts with the U.S. Navy and Vought's monoplane XSB2U-1 was one of them.

The SB2U-1 was a conventional low-wing monoplane of the mid-1930s. The fuselage construction consisted of steel tubes which had aluminium panels covering the aircraft from the engine cowling to the rear cockpit where the tail gunner sat. A majority of the rear portion of the fuselage utilised fabric covering. The wings were all metal and could fold up for storage on the aircraft carriers when not in use, accommodating more aircraft. This aircraft was a two-crew aircraft needing only a pilot and tail-gunner who could also operate as a spotter. The aircraft sported a Pratt & Whitney R-1535-2 Twin-Wasp Junior radial engine which worked in conjunction with a two-bladed constant-speed propeller. The intent was to have the propeller work as a dive brake during diving attack runs. However, this proved to be less effective, and pilots tended to lower the landing gear, which provided more drag which they needed. The aircraft utilised a swinging trapeze under the fuselage of the aircraft to sling a bomb during a diving attack to ensure it would clear the propeller arc. Pilots found that the best practice for dropping the 1,000 lb bombs was to dive at a shallower angle to ensure proper speed and clearance when dropping the large bomb. Smaller bombs could be mounted under the wings to allow for an additional 500 lbs.

In 1938, the U.S. Navy submitted an order to add to their growing collection of SB2Us and requested 58 SB2U-2 scout bombers which were a slightly modified version of the SB2U-1. There were no physical differences; however, there were minor changes in the equipment installed on the aircraft.

Later in 1939, the United States Marine Corps placed an order for SB2U-3 aircraft. Their needs were a little different than the Navy's needs, so their aircraft required upgrades. Intended to be a long-range scout bomber, this version of the aircraft was outfitted with integral wing fuel tanks to allow for farther range and had the aircraft's tail increased in size to increase aircraft manoeuvrability when using the rudder. A total of 57 SB2U-3 Vindicators were built, and many saw combat in the Battle of Midway.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=sb2u-3 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Ze0dEvB77fE|'''Best Combo #3''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 0:38 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/392578-sb2u-v-156/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Vought}}
{{USA bombers}}

Swordfish Mk I

2023-07-06T01:43:06Z

U118123450: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = British bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the premium gift version
| link = Swordfish Mk II
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=swordfish_mk1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

The Swordfish is a plane often overlooked by new players, but it is common for more experienced players to hold a special love for "ugly ducklings". As such, the Swordfish is valued for providing a change of pace towards slower gameplay and simultaneously a challenge, being mostly staying alive.

As with all torpedo bombers, maintaining low altitude, high speed, and fighter cover are all recommended. The optimal distance for launching a torpedo is 1 km from the target, though the Swordfish is slow enough to be able to drop torpedoes efficiently from shorter distances. Targets should be engaged from directly ahead or astern, making "leading" the target much easier.

If torpedo bombing is not an option, the plane can carry bombs for attacking ground targets. The aircraft's slow speed means it is great practice for aiming bombs. With practice, any pilot can make short work of tanks and light pillboxes with the Swordfish.

The Swordfish is an in-game oddity because it can exceed its max altitude of 3,300 m and go up to about 4,000 m with the 4 x 250 lb bombs attached.

[[File:BomberImage_Swordfish.jpg|thumbnail|right|Inside the Cockpit of the Swordfish]]
A classic biplane design, thus offensive armament is limited. Restrained to only one machine gun offensively and defensively, the Swordfish's true strength is its payload.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 1,400 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 208 || 200 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 14.0 || 15.1 || 6.4 || 6.4 || rowspan="2" | 297
|-
! Upgraded
| 246 || 226 || 12.1 || 13.0 || 12.7 || 9.2
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 400 || ~8 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 200 || < 220 || < 260 || > 310
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 366 m || 870 hp || N/A
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The Swordfish does not feature any armour, and its canvas structure does not provide any degree of protection. One has to rely on the Vitality crew skill to prolong the lifetime of the plane. The only survivability advantage of note is in the airplane's self-sealing fuel tanks and a large, radial engine, which might soak up some bullets before the plane is taken down. Still though, overall the best tactic is to avoid attention, as the low speed combined with negligible protection make it a tempting target for enemy airplanes.

* No armour protection
* Self-sealing fuel tanks

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Vickers E (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 7.7 mm Vickers E machine gun, fuselage-mounted (600 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|18 inch Mark XII (450 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 4 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 6 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs + 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 1 x 450 mm 18 inch Mark XII torpedo

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Vickers K (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.7 mm Vickers K machine gun, dorsal turret (600 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

The Swordfish is largely confined to the early ranks, where it is moderately effective as a bomber. While it is slow and poorly armed, it is quite manoeuvrable and carries a decent payload. Therefore, it is strictly relegated to bombing and torpedo bombing. During ground realistic battles, the Swordfish can be great for accurately bombing enemy vehicles, but it will be a very easy target for SPAA, enemy fighters, and especially American tanks like the M2A2 or the Sherman 105. Therefore you must be careful and try to drop your bombs as quickly as possible before returning to base to rearm. Hanging around once your bombs are gone will quickly get you shot down. Pinpoint the target at a distance, drop the bombs and then escape before AA can respond. In this aircraft, it is advisable to fly low to use trees, hills, rocks, and other terrain features.

A good tactic is to fly at a distance from the fighting, keeping out of range of machine gun fire or worse. If an enemy starts to capture a capture points, one can swoop in and bomb the capture point, clearing it of any enemy vehicles. Not only does it benefit the team, but is also confirms an enemy target location. Circling over the combat area looking for targets is not a good idea. This is risky enough in faster, more nimble aircraft, so trying this in a big and slow biplane bomber is almost suicidal.

If intercepted by an enemy aircraft, the best option is to call for help. The Swordfish is by no means fast or manoeuvrable enough to escape from enemy fighters at the rank. The rear gunner may sometimes be able to deter some more cautious players, but most players will shrug off the small calibre rounds. Therefore, you should not rely too much on the single 7.7 mm gunner. The same goes for the offensive 7.7 mm. Do not be tempted to start trying to dogfight with other aircraft; one will quickly find themself outgunned, outmanoeuvred, and dead. Avoid enemy aircraft if possible.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Quite manoeuvrable
* Good bomb load for its rank
* Useful at downing vehicles in tank battles
* Easy to aim bombs thanks to its low speed
* One forward firing machine gun for taking out soft/light targets
* One rear-facing machine gun that may prove itself useful
* Like in real life, unlike most aircraft, it is easy to control at low speeds
* Engine cooling is great (does not overheat for a while even when on WEP)
* Bombsight when using bombs allows for precise dropping of bombs

'''Cons:'''

* Terribly slow
* Quick speed loss in tight turns combined with slow speed means that you might be struggling to maintain a non-stall airspeed
* Poor rate of climb
* Vulnerable to tank MG's and even main cannons
* Offensive armament is virtually useless
* Insufficient armament to efficiently fend off enemy planes
* Very poor cockpit visibility

== History ==


[[File:BomberImage_VD6O5dR.jpg|thumbnail|left|The Swordfish took part during the raids of Kirkenes and Petsamo, find out more from the [http://warthunder.com/en/news/747-Historical-The-Disaster-in-the-Arctic-en Disaster In the Arctic] historical article .]]
Affectionately known as the "Stringbag" by the pilots, engineers and crews who operated her, the Fairey Aviation Company's Swordfish was a design that was outdated from the very beginning of the Second World War. Despite this, it managed to outlive its replacements, including the Fairey Albacore, in service until the arrival of modern monoplane Torpedo Bombers such as the Fairey Barracuda. Seeing 4 models, plus a float plane modification, the Swordfish would finally bow out of service in 1945 after VE day after showing just how successful the outdated design had become. From the Battle of Taranto, Operations in the Atlantic, to the attack on the Bismarck, the Swordfish struggled on to the end.

Taking to the skies for the first time in 1934, the Swordfish was born into an era that ensured its time would be limited from its very conception, as just one year later in 1935, the Hawker Hurricane and Messerschmitt BF 109 also made their debut. Regardless, the Swordfish would make its mark on history, before its swansong over 10 years after its first flight.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
A single-engine biplane of mixed construction, the Fairey Swordfish was developed initially as a Torpedo Bomber/Spotter/Reconnaissance aircraft. The origins of the Swordfish lay in the TSR I prototype of 1933 which, after being lost in an accident, was replaced by the TSR II which first flew on April 17th 1934. The first order for 86 aircraft was placed in April 1935 and in July 1936 the first Swordfish entered service with 825 Naval Air Squadron of the Fleet Air Arm.

The Swordfish Mk I was powered by a radial air-cooled Bristol Pegasus Mk IIIM engine and was equipped with one synchronised, fuselage-mounted 0.303 inch Vickers Mk.II machine gun and one 0.303 inch Lewis or Vickers 'K' machine gun in the Telegraphist Air Gunner's cockpit. The Swordfish Mk I could carry one 18 inch torpedo (731 kg), one sea mine (680 kg), three Mk VII depth charges or up to 1500 lbs (680 kg) of bombs underneath the fuselage and wings. Later variants could carry 60 lb rockets.

The Swordfish was normally crewed by three; the pilot, the observer and in the rearmost cockpit, the Telegraphist Air Gunner, or TAG. On some occasions the observer would be seated in the TAG's cockpit whilst an extra fuel tank was fitted in the observer's cockpit.

As an open cockpit biplane with a fixed undercarriage and areas of fabric skin, the Swordfish was viewed by most as an anachronism and obsolete by the beginning of the Second World War. Nothing could be further from the truth; the Swordfish possessed stable, forgiving handling characteristics which made it ideally suited for naval operations from the unforgiving decks of aircraft carriers in rough seas or at night. With a low stall speed and an incredible agility for an aircraft of its size, the Swordfish could out turn most enemy fighters at slow speeds. It was a tough, robust aircraft capable of withstanding battle damage which would have destroyed many more 'modern' aircraft. It even outlasted its intended replacement, the Fairey Albacore.

The Swordfish became immortalised in the annals of naval aviation history when, on the night of 11th-12th November 1940, when 21 Swordfish of 813 NAS, 815 NAS, 819 NAS and 824 NAS carried out a daring attack on the Italian port of Taranto, crippling three Italian battleships and causing significant damage to smaller warships and coastal installations. The attack would become the model for the Japanese Navy's strike on Pearl Harbour. Swordfish of 818 NAS also succeeded in crippling the steering gear of the German battleship 'Bismarck' allowing Royal Navy warships to destroy her. Perhaps the most tragic moment in the illustrious career of the Swordfish was when six aircraft of 825 NAS attacked the German warships 'Scharnhorst', 'Gneisenau' and 'Prinz Eugen' through a screen of anti aircraft fire and squadrons of German fighters. All six Swordfish were lost and their CO, Lt Cdr Eugene Esmonde, was awarded a posthumous Victoria Cross, one of only four ever to be awarded to naval aviators.

After a career matched by no other naval strike aircraft in history, production of the Swordfish ceased in August 1944. A Swordfish carried out the last operational flight by a biplane in the Fleet Air Arm in June 1945, leaving only a few of Swordfish to carry out ancillary duties until the last disappeared from the Royal Navy's books in the 1950s. A total of 2,391 Swordfish were produced, 992 of which were from the Mk I series.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=swordfish_mk1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|FiEXsMxd5rc|'''The Shooting Range #56''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 07:00 discusses the Swordfish.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Fairey}}
{{Britain bombers}}

PBY-5A Late (France)

2023-06-27T06:23:11Z

U118123450: /* Description */

{{About
| about = premium bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = PBY-5 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=pby-5a_late_france
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} French bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "La Royale"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 2,135 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 259 || 249 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.0 || 31.9 || 2.6 || 2.6 || rowspan="2" | 364
|-
! Upgraded
| 310 || 282 || 29.1 || 30.0 || 8.7 || 5.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || N/A || ~3 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 220 || < 220 || < 230 || > 312
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

Much like the American, British and Soviet PBYs that came before, the PBY-5A (Late) features surprisingly good survivability, owing to the large empty spaces in the hull and armor plates behind the pilots, allowing it to soak up lots of LMG and even some weaker HMG fire. The Wing-mounted fuel tanks are a weakspot, as a number of good incendiaries in them will send you on a very painful trip to the garage or the ground in flames.

* 9.5mm Steel plates behind pilots and in front of nose gunner
* 6.35mm armor behind tail gunner
* 6.35mm and 4.7mm steel plates in wing pylon

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can carry:

* 16 x 100lb bombs (800kg in weight, 392kg explosive)
* 4 x 500lb bombs (1000kg in weight, 650kg explosive)
* 4 x 1000lb bombs (2000kg in weight, 1270kg explosive)
* 4 x 1000lb Mk 13 Mod 0 Type A magnetic mines (2000kg in weight, 2000kg explosive)

The PBY-5A features the same, massive payload that other PBYs have: a whopping 4 Mk 13 Mod 0 Magnetic mines (That function on the ground like 2000lb bombs). Unlike other PBYs, however, it is the first to feature custom payloads, meaning that you can generate your own larger (or smaller) payloads for certain scenarios (e.g. in AB, loading the maximum payload of 4 Mk 13s + 12 100lb bombs, although whether or not they are worth the effort is up to you, as they will slow down the already slow PBY).

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 7.62 mm Browning machine guns, nose turret (1,050 rpg = 2,100 total)
* 1 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, 2 x beam turrets (478 rpg)
* 1 x 7.62 mm Browning machine gun, ventral turret (500 rpg)

The armament in the PBY-5A (Late) is a significant step up. For starters, the nose gun has been switched out for a twin .30 cal turret, making the frontal arc much more well defended. The biggest difference, however, is that the two beam turret .50 cals are now provided with late-war turret belts, which means access to the infamous M20 API-T rounds. Use of the Universal belts provides an API/I/API/API-T combination, making the turrets even more capable of shredding the biplanes and early monoplanes found at 1.7. Do remember to use manual control when enemies get up close, as you can bag a surprising number of air kills this way, even allowing you to act as an ad-hoc bomber hunter by flying alongside enemy bombers and using the .50 cals to spray them.

== Usage in battles ==

Although technically a medium bomber, the PBY-5A's strategies are much like that of heavy bombers in higher tiers such as the B-17. It is best to fly high, as flying low will make you an easy target for fighters and AA. The best tactic for fending off enemy fighters is to use the rudders to direct one of the side gunners towards the attacking plane. It is also smart to use the guns manually in this situation, as the AI is often very inaccurate and will refuse to fire beyond a certain distance. In the worst case scenarios, a dive can be used to greatly increase the plane's speed to get to attack a ground target before a pursuing enemy fighter shoots it down.

The plane is quite unmanageable, and its wings are very weak, being able to snap just by turning just a little too tight at higher speeds in a Realistic Battle. It's also a huge target. Although the PBY-5A Catalina is slow and clunky, it offers a heavy payload that is sure to be a game changer if used properly.

The armament on the PBY-5 Catalina is what makes up for its clunky movement. The plane is capable of carrying a heavy payload of bombs or torpedoes and has defensive gunners on all sides. The two side gunners have .50 cal machine guns, making it more than capable of destroying enemy aircraft that stay within their range.
=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*Good payload
*Good rear defensive armament with a high coverage angle
*Durable
*Can capture points (in Naval)

'''Cons:'''

*Very bad at climbing
*Slow top speed

*

== History ==

The Consolidated Aircraft Corporation PBY-5A Catalina was based on the PBY-5 variant. The main difference was the addition of amphibious capability; the wing pontoons were removed and hydraulically actuated, retractable tricycle landing gear were added to the fuselage. It did retain the ability to land on and take off from water. The PBY-5A was powered by two 1,200 horsepower R-1830-92 engines, for a total of 2,200 hp. The first production batch of 124 was equipped with only one .30 cal (7.62 mm) bow machine gun, while later batches had two.

802 PBY-5A Catalinas were built in total between October 1941 and January 1945, with some being delivered to the United States Army Air Force (USAAF) and the Royal Air Force (RAF), and one to the United States Coast Guard (USCG). The majority, though, were delivered to the United States Navy (USN). In USAAF service the PBY-5A was designated as the OA-10.

During World War 2, PBY Catalinas were used heavily in the anti-submarine warfare (ASW), patrol bombing, convoy escort, search-and-rescue (SAR), and cargo transport roles.

The PBY was the most numerous aircraft to be used in the ASW role. They were used in ASW in the Atlantic and Pacific theaters, and participated in a number of U-boat sinkings.

Because of the long range and endurance of the Catalina, it was used heavily in the maritime patrol role. Notably, the PBY Catalina was used to spot the Japanese fleet before the Battle of Midway.

Catalinas were also used in the night combat role. During the Battle of Midway, PBYs scored a torpedo hit on the Japanese fleet oiler Akebono Maru. In the Guadalcanal campaign, Catalina were painted black in order to participate in night torpedo, bombing, and strafing missions against Japanese vessels. They came to be known as "black cats", and entire squadrons were dedicated to this purpose. These squadrons were used until being sent home in 1945.

Catalina are probably most recognized for their search-and-rescue role. During the war they saved thousands of sailors and airmen, particularly after the sinking if the USS Indianapolis.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[PBY-5 (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Consolidated}}
{{France bombers}}
{{France premium aircraft}}

A6M2

2023-06-23T07:24:33Z

U118123450: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = A6M (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=a6m2_zero
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

As the first proper production model of the [[A6M]] series, the A6M2 mod. 21 comes with the full package for carrier operations over the [[A6M2 mod. 11]], tail hook, external fuel tank mountings, and foldable wing tips. Other than different wings, the Model 21 will fly on par with the earlier model.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

One thing many players note when fighting the Zero is its immense manoeuvrability and turn rate. It is incredibly nimble and has an amazing climb rate, which allows you to run literal rings around many opponents. Even fighters renowned for manoeuvrability, like the mighty Spitfire, will think twice before engaging in a turnfight with the Zero. The Zero's lightly loaded, high lift wing and low weight make it a dream to fly at speeds below 400 km/h, with an ability to execute wild gyrations and zoom climbs at the whim of the pilot. However, the Zero is hard to handle as it approaches speeds of 480 km/h.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,400 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 491 || 475 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.7 || 18.2 || 10.2 || 10.2 || rowspan="2" | 175
|-
! Upgraded
| 532 || 510 || 16.8 || 17.0 || 17.4 || 13.3
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 484 || 451 || 280 || ~13 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 270 || < 420 || < 410 || > 324
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* No armour protection
* Not self-sealing fuel tanks

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The low top speed is a severe issue when stock. "Compressor" and "New Engine" greatly help. Having access to new 20 mm belts is helpful as well.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 99 Model 1 (20 mm)|Type 97 navy (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 1 cannons, wing-mounted (60 rpg = 120 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Type 97 navy machine guns, nose-mounted (680 rpg = 1,360 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (120 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==

The A6M2 Reisen is a very manoeuvrable plane, so note that when battling it, do not engage in low manoeuvres. Try to force it into high-speed manoeuvres, as it's prone to ripping/compressing at high speeds. Apply boom and zoom tactics on this plane as it will be easily cornered.

Force an enemy pilot into a dogfight at 370 - 400 km/h and below 6,000 m. At this speed and altitude, no enemy fighter can out-manoeuvre or out-climb you except for early Spitfires. Jump on cruising enemy aircraft from above. Fasten onto the tail of the bandit, use your superior manoeuvrability to match his evasive moves, and put enough rounds into him to bring him down. Use your machine guns first to "bore-sight" the enemy - once you get hits on him, finish him off with your cannons. Below 480 km/h you can fling the Zero all over the sky to get on an enemy's tail or to shake off all but the most determined attacker. Climb away from most enemy aircraft, hanging on your prop in a near-vertical climb. Manoeuvres like the Immelmann are easy, and heavier fighters can't stay with you. The Zero rolls faster to the left than to the right. Roll left to tighten your turn and get onto the enemy's six. Don't dive away from attackers - your plane doesn't have the power or weight to out-run most fighters. To exploit your plane's best performance, force the enemy lower and slow down the pace of the engagement.

The Zero can be easily set on fire which can cause catastrophic damage. If you are on fire, immediately press "I" (or you own engine keybind) to turn off your engine. This has a chance of extinguishing the fire after a few seconds of switching the engine off, but at the same time it may not. If luckily the fire does go out, press "I" again to turn the engine back on. If the damage is controlled, the A6M2 might still be able to join another fight or to fly back to base in one piece.

=== Realistic Battles ===
The A6M2 is the most fragile version of the Zero, with a long wingspan and light construction. It is the slowest and worst rolling Zero of all the Zero family. It also can rip in extremely high G turns (13+ G). Furthermore, this Zero has trouble with energy retention and high speed dives, and also has poor armament and low ammo count.

;Turn & Burn

The Zero will engage targets in all sorts of ways, and is capable of wiggling out of sticky situations time and time again. The Zero excels and destroying planes with a low energy state, planes in a climb, and planes currently in an inward turn towards the Zero. All of these targets won't have gun solutions on the Zero because they are distracted. To destroy these targets, fire your 7.7 mm machine guns at 600 m away, and then engage with your cannons at 400 m or less. These targets shouldn't be a problem.

;Evading and engaging diving enemies

An enemy diving on a Zero is one of the most dangerous scenarios for the Zero. If you are above 2 km, dive at a medium angle (40 degrees). When the enemy is in gun range, make an extremely hard turn towards the enemy, and wiggle around its gunsights. DO NOT cross within the plane's line of fire. Now, the enemy will make a key move that determines if you will be able to engage. If the enemy decides to turn after the climb, give chase and complete an inner loop and finish the enemy. The enemy will lose a lot of speed if they decide to turnfight you. HOWEVER, If the enemy decides to climb away with the excess energy, pull another hard turn to get one good burst with your machine guns. DO NOT stall out while trying to climb with the enemy. Make sure to stop climbing for the enemy and turn away and begin to dive again. The enemy WILL attempt another dive attack. Dive to the deck if you have lost altitude and if you are below 1.5 km. Get really close to the ground, and if there are cliffs to hide in, fly between them. When the enemy dives, keep turning to avoid their bullets, and STAY LOW and FAST. This will put the enemy in a tough situation, as you are so close to the ground that they need to pull up extremely early due to their high speed dive. If the enemy gets too greedy, they might try to engage you but end up crashing into the ground.

;Head-on engagements

Going head on in a Zero is the worst thing possible to execute. As such, you need to take precaution. Face head on with the enemy, but just as they fire, wiggle around their bullets by waving your cursor around their target marker. "Make a square." After they pass, turn around immediately, and if you are in firing range of cannons and machine guns, fire away.

;Armament tactics

A Zero has little ammo for its cannons. To make the best of your cannons, fire while an enemy is turning, aiming for the wings. If the enemy is further than 400 m, don't use your cannons. Instead, use your machine guns to scare the enemy into turning around to engage.

;Ammo selection

The belts for the 20 mm Type 99 Model 1 cannons are fairly poor. The Universal belt is recommended for the cannons. The tracer belt may look appealing, however they contain barely half the explosive mass as a shell in the Universal belt. They may both be HEF, but HEF-T has less explosive mass than plain HEF. For the 7.7 mm machine guns, Stealth or Universal will be your best bet. Set your guns targeting to no more than 400 m. Turn on vertical targeting to ensure your shots line up.

=== Simulator Battles ===
In Simulator, the A6M Zero is overall a great plane to fly. Its advantages include the extremely smooth handling, impressive turn rate, low stall speed, the ability to not enter spins in extreme manoeuvres, and decent rear visibility. It is able to pull really tight turns or barrel rolls without losing control or going into a spin, allowing the player to use this stability to their advantage. Its disadvantages, however, are the fragile protection, wing-mounted guns with very little ammo, and the cockpit scattered with frames. Although not thick, these frames can still be obstructions in a fight. Also the gunsight is small and mounted very low, resulting in inadequate visibility over the nose. This can limit the player's ability to see the target in a turn fight since to lead the target, the player must cut inside its turn, meaning the nose will now block the target. The A6M can perform dogfighting, some ground pounding and some intercepting.

You can bring the minimum amount of fuel (29 minutes) since this model of the Zero only has a 60-round drum per cannon, as a result you might need to constantly return to airfield to reload so there is no need to bring more fuel. Set the convergence to 150-300 m. When taking off, the A6M will shift severely to the left so it is best to set separate keybind for left and right brakes to counter the torque.

For dogfighting, it is better to engage with an altitude advantage so climb to around 2,500 m. Track the opponent using lead or pure pursuit, as with lag pursuit you will eventually end up at the 6'o clock of the target aircraft whose fuselage will soak up most of your MG bullets, and your wing mounted cannons will become really awkward to aim. With the amazing stableness the aim should be easy. Target their wings or nose and avoid the back half of the fuselage as there is usually nothing in there. You can turn with most planes with your combat/takeoff flaps deployed. Note that it is best to fire in 5-round/half-second bursts to avoid wasting cannon rounds. Once the cannons are out, the leftover 7.7 mm MGs can only effectively damage single engine fighters.

For ground pounding with bombs, look for tanks and pillboxes. First you need some separation between you and the target so you have enough time to line-up the drop. Dive at the target at a rather shallow angle, and release the 60 kg bombs when you are very close, with the target below the gunsight and filling up around half of it. If you only use the MGs, your targets are trucks, AAA and howitzers. Dive at it and stabilise the plane so the gunsight stays overall still at the target. Then, once the target fills out around 1/6 of the gunsight, open fire. If your aim is accurate you can destroy one target in a single pass. However, it is very recommended to set keybind for firing MG only as you can definitely not waste the valuable cannon rounds. Save them for any unexpected dogfights.

Landing is easy thanks to the low stall speed and lovely handling. Line up and approach the airstrip at treetop, decrease speed to at most 210 km/h and deploy combat, takeoff and landing flaps in order. Further decelerate so the touchdown speed is no more than 180 km/h to avoid bouncing up. Keep braking until the plane reaches a full stop, you don't have to worry about the nose dipping down and causing a propeller strike.

=== Enemies worth noting ===

* [[P-61C-1]]: this plane is one tough nut to crack. It is quite fast, packs a fatal punch, has a searching radar, and a deadly turret on top. The turret consists of 4 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns that cover the upper half of the plane, and most P-61 players tend to fly low or get you into their upper half to target you with the turret. Avoid being above them at all costs, utilize the Zero's maneuverability and sneak under their belly. Its appearance resembles a P-38: a center fuselage with two engine nacelles extending backwards and forming the twin tail like a frame, you will know it is a Black Widow and not a Lightning when red tracer bullets start shooting out from it.
* [[I-16 (Family)|I-16]]: the late I-16s are equipped with ShVAK cannons that can be pretty dangerous to your fragile airframe. They can turn equally well as the Zero, have superior roll rate but the stability is so terrible that as soon as they pull a little more on the stick, they will enter spins. Therefore it is quite easy to counter them: engage a turnfight with them and turn tighter and tighter, or do a few barrel rolls. They will quickly lose control and start spinning and it is quite hard to recover. Then simply get some separation, turn around and put some solid shots into them. They have an I-15's short and fat fuselage, a flat radial engine and triangular stabilisers located right after the low-mounted mono wings, all covered in olive green paint.
* [[P-47D-23-RA (China)|P-47D]]/[[P-51D-20-NA|P-51D]]: these bulky aircraft do not climb as well, but they pack some heavy punches with their numerous .50 cal MGs. They are also faster in level flight and dives, so you may usually see them roaming through the battlefield at high speeds. Do not attempt to catch them when they are fast, wait until they are on the deck. Against their possible BnZ attacks, perform the conventional evasive manoeuvre of rolling under the diver. Dodging again and again may cause them to lose patience and start chasing after you, rather than zooming away. The A6M2 can then easily unleash its superior manoeuvrability and get on their tail. In general, when facing these planes, try not to get hit. Their bullets deal significant damage to the Zero's fragile body.

=== Countering the Zero ===
The Zero is a vulnerable aircraft when you expose its weaknesses. It can be set ablaze with just one .50 cal round, and it has poor energy retention, and horrendous dive speed. To counter the Zero, use energy fighting tactics only. Do not turn with a Zero. Engage with lighting fast dive attacks. Don't turn around when you have a Zero on your tail. Instead, outrun it. ignore its 7.7 mm machine guns, as they do negligible damage.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

The propeller pitch should be kept at 98% when climbing, and 92% when at max speed. Keep both radiators at 14-19%. Adjust the mixture at the following ranges:

* Sea Level: 103%
* 2 km: 75%
* 4 km: 60%

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* '''A'''6M for Carrier-based fighter:
** Strictly air-to-air role
** Decent cannon armament
** Extremely manoeuvrable
*** Excellent turn rate
*** Excellent roll rate
** Very short takeoff distance

* Common Navy plane construction:
** Excellent manoeuvrability
** Nose-mounted armament
** Small radiator drag

'''Cons:'''

* '''A'''6M for Carrier-based fighter:
** Strictly air-to-air role
*** Gets 2 x [[Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|Type 97 No.6 Land Bomb (60 kg)]], but strongly ill-advised for air battles
** Limited ammo
** Slow
** Low dive speed, and easily compressed in a dive

* Common Navy plane construction:
** Poor MG offensive armament: [[Type 97 navy (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Type 97 MG]]
** Poor Cannon offensive armament: [[Type 99 Model 1 (20 mm)|20 mm Type 99 Model 1 Cannon]]
*** Very low muzzle velocity
**Armament overall can be best compared in both ammo count and performance to the He 112 B, a rank I BR 2.3 aircraft.
** Fragile, little armour, and no self-sealing fuel tanks
* Can be out-turned by early Spitfires

== History ==

In 1937, the Imperial Japanese Navy's Koku Hombu (Aviation Bureau) issued the "Planning Requirements for the Prototype 12-shi Carrier Fighter" to the Mitsubishi Kokuki K.K. (Mitsubishi Aircraft Company Ltd.) and the Nakajima Hikooki K.K. (Nakajima Aeroplane Company Ltd.), requiring designs for a new fighter to replace the Mitsubishi Type 96 Carrier Fighter (A5M). The requirements were extremely challenging: manoeuvrability equal to or better than the Type 96 fighter, heavier armament including 20 mm cannons, exceptional climb rate to intercept bombers, a range of at least 1,010 miles with a normal fuel load to escort bombers, a take-off distance of less than 230 ft into a 30 mph wind, landing speed of less than 67 mph, and a top speed better than 310 mph.

Nakajima soon bowed out in the face of such seemingly impossible requirements, but Jiro Horikoshi, who had previously designed the A5M, and his design team at Mitsubishi were undeterred. In addition to the already demanding requirements of the IJN, Horikoshi was also limited by the relatively weak engines that the Japanese aviation industry had to offer at the time. Selecting the lighter but less powerful Mitsubishi Zuisei-13 ("Holy Star"), which had a rating of less than 900 hp, the Mitsubishi team strove to design the lightest possible airframe around the engine, but that was still strong enough to withstand carrier operations and carry enough fuel and weapons to be an effective fighter. To this end, they were fortunate that the Sumitomo Metal Company had just finished developing a new strong zinc-aluminium alloy known as Extra Super Duralumin (ESD), allowing thinner sheets to be used for the skin of the fighter without loss of strength. However, they also had to dispense with self-sealing fuel tanks and any sort of armour for the pilot. The relatively light but less powerful Oerlikon FF 20 mm cannon was chosen as the fighter's main armament, produced in Japan as the 20 mm Type 99. A large wing ensured a low wing loading to ensure manoeuvrability but limited the diving and level speeds.

The first flight of the Prototype 12-shi carrier fighter (later designated A6M1) took place on 1 April 1939. The next month, the IJNAF expressed its intentions to switch from the Zuisei-13 to the more powerful Nakajima Sakae-12 ("Prosperity") 14-cylinder radial engine, and it was first installed on the third prototype. This prototype would be designated as the A6M2, and it was with the Sakae radial engine that almost every model of the A6M fighter family would go to war. Testing of the first three A6M prototypes took place later that year. The A6M1 was able to meet all but the maximum speed requirements, but the Sakae-equipped A6M2 exceeded them at 331 mph. On 31 July 1940, the Mitsubishi A6M2 was formally accepted by the IJNAF as the Type 0 Carrier Fighter Model 11.

The A6M2 proved itself during combat in China. The aircraft also performed well during its carrier trials. One problem that did quickly arise was its ability to fit on carrier's elevators. The solution was to have the A6M2 fold its wing tips to avoid damage. This reduced the total wingspan by 20 inches. This change required it to have a new designation. The aircraft was put into production in November of 1941 and a total of 740 were constructed. This particular variant was code-named "Zeke 21" by Allies.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
At its launch, the A6M2 model 11 knew no equal.

This single-seater carrier-based fighter was designed to replace the aging A5M. To reduce its weight, duralumin was widely used, and its propeller was made of a lightweight aluminum alloy. The A6M2 did not have high survivability due to its lack of armour and self-sealing fuel tanks, but in the first half of World War II, it had a considerable advantage in manoeuvrability and speed when compared to the Allies (which had nothing to oppose the Zero until the arrival of aircraft such as the F4U and F6F).

The first prototype of this series, the A6M1, first flew on April 1, 1939. During the test, a more powerful engine was proposed, and the Mitsubishi Zuisei 13 (780 hp) was replaced with the Nakajima Sakae 12 (940 hp). After a successful test flight, the new engine was adopted for serial production and the plane was designated the A6M2 Model 11. Its main drawback was that it could not be used on aircraft carriers due to its large wingspan, which was not designed for carrier-based operations. To circumvent this limitation, the A6M2 model 21 was designed with folding 500 mm wing panels.

The Zero had no equal in the sky until the end of 1942, and even when it was finally made obsolete, its production continued until the end of the war, making it the most popular fighter in Japan. Like many other Japanese aircraft, the Zero was used in the last months of the war to attack bombers.

A total of 740 A6M2 model 21s were built in Mitsubishi plants; 326 were built in Nakajima plants.
{{Navigation-End}}

=== Notable pilots ===
[[File:Tetsuzo_Iwamoto_Profile.jpg|thumb|none|200px|link=User:U64962917#Iwamoto_Tetsuzō|[[User:U64962917#Iwamoto_Tetsuzō|Iwamoto]] flew sorties throughout the Pacific Theater in a A6M2.]]

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=a6m2_zero Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Grumman [[F4F (Family)|F4F]] Wildcat
* Reggiane [[Re.2001 (Family)|Re.2001]]
* [[Template:AirManufacturer Nakajima|Nakajima]] [[Ki-43 (Family)|Ki-43]] Hayabusa (▃ Oscar)
* Supermarine [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]]
* Hawker [[Hurricane (Family)|Sea Hurricane]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/293774-mitsubishi-a6m2-mod-21/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[Wikipedia:Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero#A6M2a_Type_0_Model_11|[Wikipedia] A6M2a Type 0 Model 11]]

{{AirManufacturer Mitsubishi}}
{{Japan fighters}}

V-12D

2023-06-23T07:08:26Z

U118123450: /* General info */

{{Specs-Card
|code=v_12d
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Ground Breaking"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

Despite its large size, the V-12D is decent at turning although it is outshone by the many biplanes it faces. The acceleration and climb of this aircraft is poor, and is usually an easy prey for any interested fighter. The new engine with nearly twice as much engine power as the preceding V-11 will make the V-12D handle much better in flight, translating to improved flight characteristics and better odds if forced as an emergency fighter With the use of landing flaps, the plane can enter speeds as low as 120 km/h without stalling, which can be used to stall-trap potential enemies.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,900 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 453 || 440 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 22.8 || 23.6 || 7.7 || 7.7 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 510 || 479 || 21.2 || 22.0 || 14.0 || 10.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 680  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 330 || 280 || 280 || ~8 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 320 || < 260 || < 500 || > 250
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

Due to the design of V-12D is still the same as its predecessor V-11 (which was a single engine airliner), the aircraft has no extra protection against anything, meaning that V-12D should avoid heated battlefield or area covered by SPAAGs. But one good news is that the fuel tanks are all self-sealing tanks so it might potentially save your day from burning into a pile of scrap.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, nose-mounted (600 rpg = 1,200 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M57 (250 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (500 lb total)
* 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb (500 lb total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.62 mm Browning machine gun, dorsal turret (500 rpg)
* 1 x 7.62 mm Browning machine gun, ventral turret (500 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

V-12D is a significant upgrade over the previous V-11, sharing a very similar flight performance. The new engine, with nearly twice the engine output as the V-11, gives the V-12D better general flight characteristics (climb, acceleration, cruising speed, etc). It is labelled as an attacker (strike aircraft) as well so it will have an air respawn. For most of the time, avoid dogfights and keep away from SPAAGs to maximize the odds of survival. For self-defense, the dead-angle under the belly is now covered by another .30 M1919 machine gun. But in dire, its average turn rate is still sufficient to do last-ditch dogfights against heavy interceptors. One small yet significant change is the replacement of the quad .30 cal MGs with a pair of nose-mounted .50 cal MGs, which have the option to load the highly potent M8 API round, making air-to-air combat a more viable last-ditch option as they will set anything important on fire with enough well-placed shots

The only two option of loadouts are single 500 pound AN-M64 bomb or a pair of 250 pound AN-M63 bombs, allowing a choice between a higher yield "one-hit knock-out" bomb or the availability of a "fail-safe" second bomb. Although the bomb payload seems insufficient and requires precise hits over the target to score a kill, they are still viable to bomb interwar or early WWII tanks with relatively ease.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 1 x 500 lb or 2 x 250 lb bombload is adequate against ground units
* 2 x nose-mounted 12.7mm MG is sufficient for self-defence against fighters such as [[Ki-43 (Family)|Ki-43]]
* 2 x 250 lb bombs drop separately, allowing 2 passes though better aim is required
* Has ventral and dorsal turrets allowing it to fend off some attackers behind it
* Turns decently with combat/takeoff flaps
* Good over-the-nose view, beneficial in simulator battles
* Engine is much more powerful

'''Cons:'''

* Bombload is quite lacklustre for a ground attacker
* Low speed, will easily get caught by fighters like [[Bf 109 F-2|Bf 109 F]], [[Ki-44 (Family)|Ki-44]], [[Yak-1 (Family)|YaK-1]]
* Slow roll rate
* Turrets with 7.62 mm guns are not potent enough to damage robust targets like [[Ju 87 (Family)|Ju 87]], [[Bf 110 (Family)|Bf 110]]
* Rather poor survivability when tailed

== History ==

{{main|V-11}}

After the first order of 30 V-11 (two-seaters) by the Republic of China Government during the 2nd Sino-Japanese War, a further order of 26 V-12C (three-seaters with Wright R-1820-G105B piston engine) was placed in 1939; later yet another order for 52 V-12D (with Wright R-2600 engines) were placed.

Due to the lack of information from both American and Chinese sources, it was only estimated that 3 to 4 of those V-12Ds were assembled by the Chinese and the remaining records shown that they have already shipped parts for assembly in China; the first assembled aircraft was built in Leiyun, Yunnan (雲南雷允, in today's Ruili 瑞丽, Yunnan). After the CAMCO retreated from their home airfield Hangzhou Jianqiao Airfield, some parts of the remaining aircrafts were then transferred to Bangalore in India for further assembly by the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.

Due to the capture of Yunnan by Japanese forces, the remaining parts that weren't able to transfer or assemble were lost in history and no further records could show the fate of those parts and aircrafts.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=v_12d Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7369-development-v-12d-smooth-start-en|[Devblog] V-12D: Smooth Start]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/538754-vultee-v-12-d/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Vultee}}
{{China twin-engine fighters and strike aircraft}}

V-11

2023-06-23T06:57:44Z

U118123450: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=v_11g
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Hot Tracks"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

Despite its large size, the V-11 is decent at turning although it is outshone by the many biplanes it faces. The acceleration and climb of this aircraft is poor, and is usually an easy prey for any interested fighter. Don't expect to outrun any monoplane fighters or more powerful biplanes as the plane is somewhat underpowered, with poor cruising capabilities compared to comparable aircraft, comparable to the likes of a stock Ju 87 B-2. With the use of landing flaps, the plane can enter speeds as low as 120 km/h without stalling, which can be used to stall trap potential enemies.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,084 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 342 || 329 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 22.9 || 23.8 || 4.8 || 4.8 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 379 || 360 || 21.1 || 22.0 || 7.9 || 6.2
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 620  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 330 || 280 || 280 || ~8 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 320 || < 260 || < 500 || > 250
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* No armour plates
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (2 under pilot, 1 behind pilot, 2 in each wing)
* Modules are centrally located

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 7.62 mm Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (600 rpg = 2,400 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M57 (250 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (500 lb total)
* 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb (500 lb total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.62 mm Browning machine gun, dorsal turret (500 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

'''Realistic Battles'''

As with all strike aircraft, the V-11 gets an attacker air spawn. This should be used to avoid any confrontations. The speed and climb of this plane is poor, keeping altitude is important in order to avoid enemy fighters. Wait for friendly fighters to arrive to the scene before deciding to engage ground targets. Bombs can be used to damage bases or to destroy light pillboxes.

You can also use this aircraft to catch out any unwary enemy fighters. The 4 x 7.62 mm Browning machine guns are adequate to take down enemy aircraft. Only engage if you have an altitude advantage as fleeing in this slow aircraft may be difficult. Some fighters such as the [[Bf 109 B-1|Bf 109 B]] can be outmanoeuvred, using the combat flaps. However, it is recommended to try to preserve your speed unless the area is clear of any potential enemies.

Try not to engage in head-ons or tailing any aircraft with rear gunners, as your engine is already underpowered, meaning that any damage to the engine will really, really hurt. Use deflection shooting and avoid air-to-air combat if it can be helped.

The presence of one Browning .30 cal in the rear will help to ward off some would be attackers, but it is fairly weak without luck or proper aim. Fire in controlled bursts to prevent overheating the gun and locking it in a reload state, disabling your only rear defense for ~20 seconds. The gun lacks any gun depression over the rear, so if necessary nose up and to one side at a 10 degree angle to clear the gun from the tail and fuselage.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Rather powerful bombload of one 500 lb bomb or two 250 lb bombs for the battle rating
* 4 x 7.62 mm MG is decent firepower for the battle rating, allowing it to effectively damage/destroy aircraft if needed
* Great over-the-nose visibility makes leading very easy in Simulator
* Engine does not overheat quickly
* Has a rear gunner with a 7.62 mm MG for self-defence
* Decent turn when combat flaps are used

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely poor speed for a monoplane, cannot even catch I-16s quickly
* Mediocre acceleration, climb and average handling, don't expect to use this like an Su-2
* Poor roll rate
* Very slow energy retention
* Is quite a big target
* Does not have any armour protection
* Does not have reflector gunsight, meaning you cannot move the pilot's head in Simulator or the reticle will not align
* Overall aircraft responds slowly to aiming adjustments, making it hard to put a solid burst into a manoeuvring target
* Bombload is quite poor for an aircraft of its size and role, the Hawk III carries the same payload while being a lightweight biplane
* Prone to wing overload

== History ==

Although the Vultee V-11 wasn't the most renowned aircraft in the World War 2, the history of this aircraft can trace back onto an airliner, surprisingly, the Vultee V-1.

The ill-fated V-1 has only 25 of them built due to the strict regulations from the Bureau of Air Commerce on single-engine airliner, albeit its rather good handling; the aircraft was then converted into series of 2-seater attackers with variants such as a floatplane version. The USAAF bought a few of them, reinforced its airframe and used them for evaluation as the YA-19, which proved to be inferior to twin-engine attackers and thus these aircrafts were soon transferred to the Panama. In the mean time, V-11s that were based on the reinforced YA-19 were sold to 4 other countries: Brazil, Turkey, USSR and the Republic of China.

The newly reorganized Republic of China Air Force was in need for attackers in view to modernize the air force, an order of 30 V-11Gs was placed in 1935 and 29 of them would be assembled in China by the Central Aircraft Manufacturing Company (中央杭州飛機製造廠 at Hangzhou, Zhejiang; currently PLAAF Jianqiao Airbase) or by Shiuchow Aircraft Manufacturing Factory (韶關飛機製造廠 at Shaoguan, Guangdong); these aircrafts were handed to the "International Regiment 國際中隊" during the 2nd Sino-Japanese War for operation and was first used to bomb the then occupied Japanese airfield at Bengbu, Shandong (山東蚌埠) in early February, 1938; later in the same month, the regiment bombed train stations and airfield occupied by the Japanese forces again; both attack runs have no recorded losses.

As the Japanese got the upper hand on the war, these aircrafts were then transferred to the rear and after a mountain crash of such type of aircraft, the V-11s and the later V-12s were soon downgraded as liaison aircrafts or trainers until late 1940 when all of them were dismantled.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=v_11g Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|K8-e3Z_o5_I|'''Spade Review. V-11. Starts off poor, Ends quite fun!''' - ''Joseph 2000''}}

== See also ==


* [[Su-2 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Vultee_V-11|[Wikipedia] Vultee V-11]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/509649-v-11/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Vultee}}
{{China twin-engine fighters and strike aircraft}}

Bf 110 G-2

2023-06-20T02:14:06Z

U118123450: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = German strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Bf 110 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=bf-110g-2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

[[File:Cockpits Bf110.jpg|thumbnail|right|Cockpit features great side & forward visibility despite the struts. Although the tail section is obscured by the armoured headrest, the gunner can function as an early warning indicator.]]

The {{PAGENAME}} is a textbook example of what classifies a twin-engined fighter. Positive capabilities of this aircraft include an outstanding turn time, menacing offensive armament, amazing acceleration and all-out straight-line speed. This aircraft is incredibly versatile due to the variety of offensive weapons which can be selected. Depending on the weapon loadout chosen, this strike aircraft can take on the roles of attacker, bomber and even bomber interceptor. Though the Bf 110 can take on fighters when the opportunity comes up or is necessary, caution must be taken as any single-engine fighter will likely out-turn the Bf 110 and manoeuvre into an attack position, effectively reversing roles.

When compared to its predecessors, the [[Bf 110 C-7]] and the [[Bf 110 F-2|F-2]], the G-2 is a noticeable upgrade in flight performance: with the addition of the more powerful DB-605B engines, the G-2 has more power and responsive performance than the earlier versions. However, the {{PAGENAME}} is a heavy plane with little manoeuvrability compared to other single-engine fighters: once suspended armament is equipped, its flight characteristics worsen even further. While it has a good climb rate, it tends to lose energy in turns and at high speed.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,200 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 573 || 558 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.1 || 26.0 || 9.9 || 9.9 || rowspan="2" | 444
|-
! Upgraded
| 618 || 595 || 22.9 || 24.0 || 17.2 || 13.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 467 || 438 || 290 || ~12 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 360 || < 350 || < 370 || > 715
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 58 mm Bulletproof glass in front of the pilot
* 5.5 mm Steel plate under the pilot
* 8.5-10.5 mm Steel plate behind the pilot
* 5.5-6 mm Steel plate in front and below the liquid cooling system
* 6 mm Steel plate around the liquid cooling system in wings
* 8.5-10.5 mm Steel plates around MK 108 guns
* 6 mm Steel plate under defensive gunner
* 8.5 mm Steel plate in front of the defensive gunner

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|MK 108 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm MK 108 cannons, nose-mounted (120 rpg left + 135 rpg right = 255 total)

When compared to its predecessors, the [[Bf 110 C-7]] and the [[Bf 110 F-2|F-2]], the G-2 is a noticeable upgrade in regards to armament. The G-2's offensive configuration consists of two 30 mm MK 108 cannons (found on the [[Me 262 (Family)|Me 262]]s) and can be supplemented by two suspended 20 mm MG 151 cannons (found on the [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109]]s) which come unlocked by default. This makes for a lethal combination and when compared to contemporaries such as the [[Beaufighter (Family)|Beaufighter]] family of twin-engined aircraft, the G-2 clearly packs a more powerful punch.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|SC50JA (50 kg)|SC250JA (250 kg)|SC500K (500 kg)|SC1000L2 (1,000 kg)}}
{{main|Wfr.Gr.21|BK 3.7 (37 mm)|MG 151 (20 mm)|Flam C 250 incendiary|Flam C 500 incendiary}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, chin-mounted (400 rpg left + 350 rpg right = 750 total)
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons + 12 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (600 kg total)
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons + 2 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs (500 kg total)
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons + 1 x 500 kg SC500K bomb (500 kg total)
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons + 2 x 500 kg SC500K bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons + 1 x 1,000 kg SC1000L2 bomb (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons + 1 x 1,000 kg SC1000L2 bomb + 1 x 250 kg SC250JA bomb (1,250 kg total)
* 1 x 37 mm BK 3.7 cannon, chin-mounted (66 rpg)
* 4 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons (400 rpg + 350 rpg + 200 rpg + 200 rpg = 1,150 total)
* 4 x Wfr.Gr.21 rockets + 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons
* 4 x Wfr.Gr.21 rockets + 4 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons
* 4 x Wfr.Gr.21 rockets + 1 x 37 mm BK 3.7 cannon
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons + 2 x Flam C 250 incendiary bombs
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons + 1 x Flam C 500 incendiary bomb
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons + 2 x Flam C 500 incendiary bombs

The {{PAGENAME}} can effectively take on different roles, depending on the map played or the targets intended. Knowing the manoeuvrability challenges faced with selecting the various armament load-outs will help the G-2 pilot ensure to avoid areas of the map where they will be at a major disadvantage and ensure effective use of the ordnance on board.

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|MG 81 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 7.92 mm MG 81 machine guns, dorsal turret (750 rpg = 1,500 total)

== Usage in battles ==


;Ground Forces RB

In mixed ground battles, the Bf 110 G-2 is a fantastic multipurpose plane being able to carry various bombs, additional guns, rockets or nothing, allowing it to perform both ground attack and air superiority roles. For ground pounding, the most recommended setup is 2 x 500 kg bombs with at least 1.5 seconds fuse. They are loaded on the fuselage and drop one by one, meaning that with accurate aiming, you can consistently get around 2 enemy targets easily. Dive at a target at no more than 45° (the elevator cannot effectively pitch the plane up in time, resulting in a crash) and gather speed up around 500 km/h (if too fast, cut the throttle). Zoom in on the target and when it is twice as big as the mouse cursor, place the target between the cursor and the cockpit, and release the bomb. For the 1 x 250 kg + 1 x 1,000 kg setup, the aiming is similar, but place the target closer to the cursor for the 250 kg, and for the 1,000 kg, closer to the cockpit. Once all bombs are out, zoom climb towards your airfield to gain altitude advantage (the average air spawn altitude seems to be around 1,000 m) and keep and eye on the enemy air spawn. Once an enemy plane spawns, you must decide if it is single-engined or twin-engined as fast as possible. You can force it to engage in a head-on, as your nose-mounted cannons are effective at this. If the opponent is single-engined, avoid turning too much and maintain your speed. If necessary, use your tail gun and put a stray of 7.92 mm bullets into it, but remember to use the Armoured targets belt to compensate for the small calibre. You can also target ground units, especially lightly armoured ones: SPAA, light tanks, and open-topped SPGs.

;Air SB

In simulator battles, the Bf 110 is a very decent heavy fighter and interceptor. Thanks to the wing-mounted twin engines, its nose is emptied up to house a considerably powerful set of armaments, including the infamous MG 151/20, MK 108, etc. The nose-centred guns mean that little if not no convergence setting is needed, which makes it very easy to aim with. However those cannons all have very curved trajectories, making vertical targeting slightly challenging. The short stubby nose gives brilliant over-the-nose visibility, benefiting the pilot in various scenarios. Protection wise, the Bf 110 has armour protecting some of its critical spots, such as the crew, cooling systems, and windscreen, thereby protecting the player from small-calibre projectiles or shrapnel damage. It also comes with a rear gunner which can give a nasty bite to inexperienced enemy fighters. Lastly, it provides a range of additional weapons such as bombs and gunpods, fulfilling various roles. However, due to its heavy fighter nature, average simulator pilots may struggle to perform dogfights against fighters in the Bf 110 as it is clumsy at manoeuvring. This major limitation forces the player to look for bombers or attackers instead. Therefore, a Bf 110's potential can be dependent on the composition of the opposing team. This limited role may outweigh other cons of the Bf 110 such as the framy cockpit, insufficient engine cooling and poor roll rate.

If you want to target bombers, it is a good idea to bring gunpods, as these missions require heavy firepower over manoeuvrability. The additional gunpods will significantly boost your one-second burst mass which is lethal for common bombers like SB2M, B-25, Wellington, etc. The extra pair of 20 mm MG151 cannons is generally enough to cripple common bombers with a short burst, but if you want to go further into knocking down planes with a single shot, the 37 mm cannon is the best choice. It carries way more ammo than the Japanese 37 mm seen on the Ki-45 (66 vs. 15 rounds), boosting the potential for more kills. Against attackers, however, gunpods are not a must. These aircraft are generally not so well armoured that your original setup will be sufficient. Some are good turners too (e.g. SBD-3, Yak-2 KABB), so of course you do not want to get out-turned by them! You can bring the least amount of fuel as it is already enough for a long fight. When taking off, give right rudder input to counter the shift to the left side.

Rather than aimlessly roaming around the map, wasting your time to find a bomber, ambush around the following locations: friendly artillery positions, tank columns and friendly bases (especially the half-bombed ones). The former will help you to track down enemy ground-pounders, and the latter can lead you to enemy bombers, both of which are usually easy targets for the Bf 110. If you have an altitude advantage over the target aircraft, dive at them and perform deflection shooting to minimise the time where you are exposed to their gunners. The explosive-packed Minengeschoß rounds excel at destructing aircraft in a short shooting window. Usually 1-3 passes are more than enough to down an aircraft. If they have weak defensive guns, you can also sit behind them and comfortably tear off their parts as this deals damage faster than deflection shots. If you do not have altitude advantage, however, your tactic depends on the target. If it is weakly armed and/or protected, try sneaking directly under its belly and pulling straight up to fire a solid 1-3 seconds burst. If it is very robust and well protected by gunners, either climb to a higher altitude (if you are patient enough) before attacking, or abort the engagement. Although the Bf 110 is fairly well armoured, a good gunner can still put some bullets accurately into your critical parts like cooling systems. With an engine overheating, damaged or completely broken, it is quite hard to wrestle heavy bombers and get back home in one piece.

Missions like "destroy enemy surveillance aircraft/bombers/attackers" are also a great opportunity for you. The AIs usually show up around 2-3 km high. You can tail behind the AI formation and pick them off one by one. Common AI include [[A-36]], [[Ju 87 (Family)|Ju 87]], [[He 111 (Family)|He-111]], and [[Do 217 (Family)|Do 217]]. Aim precisely and burst decisively, as you do not want to expose yourself to AI gunners for too long (they are quite accurate and usually shoot in crossfires). With careful aiming, a heavy fighter like Bf 110 can finish off an entire formation alone within minutes. But do watch out for the ammunition of the Mk 108, once it runs out it will be way harder to quickly destroy a target.

If you must engage a fighter, you have to keep your speed up. Force a head-on where possible and get the most out of this opportunity by aiming carefully (slightly upwards to compensate for shell drop). If the fighter is not killed, you can keep flying in a straight line rather than turning towards it, to avoid bleeding speed. Against a fast-flying target (you in this case), average Sim pilots cannot do much except sitting behind it and shoot. Utilise this to your advantage, switch to gunner view and fire prolonged bursts targeting the fuselage. The 7.92 mm AP bullets can deal quite some damage to a fragile single-engine fighter, warding it off. Veteran Sim pilots will have more ways of dealing with a heavy fighter, so you cannot do much. Accelerate towards a nearby friendly airfield, use your gunner and hope for the best. Still, avoid manoeuvring with fighters (unless they are distracted) since your turn rate is rather poor. If you do manoeuvre, pull the stick gently, do not pull much when the plane is flying slow, it will result in wobbles or spins. Fortunately the Bf 110 is able to recover easily from flat spins (by kicking the rudder to the opposite side of spin, and push the stick all the way back).

Landing the Bf 110 is somewhat similar to landing a single-engine fighter, but make sure that you align to the airstrip perfectly as you approach, since your unresponsive low-speed roll rate does not allow much adjustments when you are too close to the ground. Decelerate to about 230 km/h and fly at treetop level when your end of the airstrip becomes as wide as the windscreen, with landing flaps and gears down. Keep the speed up at 210 km/h right before the wheels contact the ground. Then you can break until full stop and not worry about a propeller strike.

;Enemies worth noting

* [[Yak-2 KABB]] - Do not think that the {{PAGENAME}} can confidently outmanoeuvre this plane just because it is twin-engined. The Yak-2 has an amazing turn rate for a heavy fighter, thus the {{PAGENAME}} must avoid turning with it, if not dogfighting with it in general. It bears a pair of ShVAK cannons that can easily damage vital parts like engine or cooling systems. It has green camouflage, greatly resembling an Me 410 but with an H-tail just like the Bf 110s.

* [[ZSD63]] - Though it is hard to identify specific SPAA vehicles on the ground (especially when they are shooting tracers at the plane), if a ZSD63 is identified, avoid it at all costs and do not attempt head-ons with it. It can easily snap a wing off by casually putting a short burst in the {{PAGENAME}}'s flight path. Don't even get close to it unless the {{PAGENAME}} is equipped with a bomb it can use. Both the belts for the 30 mm Mk 108 and the shells in the add-on 37 mm BK3.7 cannot effectively damage it as its hull is overall quite empty, causing your shells to do little to no damage. Some identifying features of the ZSD63 is its rather boxy and tall hull with a geometric turret sitting at the back, slightly similar to a Wirbelwind's. The firing manner is also distinctive: the sound and green tracers are very rapid, much like a buzz saw, but then it will remain silent for half a minute reloading. Note that an experienced ZSD player will hold its fire or shoot in single salvoes with long halts between, making it look like that it's reloading.

* [[F6F (Family)|F6F]] - This is a commonly seen allied fighter which also excels at CAS roles, therefore it is not a surprise to see a few of these in a tank RB match. After an F6F drops its payload, it becomes very threatening to the Bf 110 since it is a single engine fighter with superior manoeuvrability and sufficient firepower. If you are out of bombs and see an F6F spawning in, gather altitude and BnZ it when it is diving at a ground target. If both of you spawned while carrying bombs, you can turn around and climb in the opposite direction (towards airfield, not frontline) to gain some altitude or to wait for friendly fighters. Pick on the F6F while it is dealing with your teammates. If, unfortunately, an F6F catches you while you are ground-pounding enemy ground targets, switch to gunner view and target carefully at its engine (still, you will not survive long in front of its 6 x [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2]]). Or if you have bombs left, drop to treetop altitude and release your bomb, the blast will hopefully damage or even destroy the chasing aircraft.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Twin 30 mm Mk 108 cannons as primary armament at all times in the nose of the aircraft
* Comes with a default twin 20 mm MG 151 secondary armament with a generous amount of ammo (375 RPG) mounted to the chin
* Replaces the single MG 15 rear gunner turret with a twin MG 81 mount
* Can mount an additional twin MG 151 on the belly of the aircraft for a total of 4 x MG 151's
* A wide variety of bombs and rocket options to carry in combination with gunpods
* Can mount a BK 3.7 cannon with either HEFI-T or HVAP-T shells (or both)
* Fastest Bf 110 variant with the highest rate of climb
* Like all Bf 110s, the G2 is very sturdy and can survive a lot of punishment
* Can suit a lot of different play styles like bomber hunting, CAS, tank destroying, or opportunistic support fighter
* Good armour and cannons mean that this Bf 110 variant is a beast when attacking head-on
* 4 210mm rockets make for additional anti-bomber or ground-pounding firepower

'''Cons:'''

* Mk 108 cannons require significant leading in order to secure a hit, making them unsuitable against fast-moving players
* Still significantly slower and bulkier than any single-engine fighter it flies against
* The second, extra 20 mm MG 151 gunpod only carries 200 rounds between them, compared to the first MG 151 gun pod with a total of 750 rounds
* A big target and very easy to hit in a turn
* Rear facing MG has no gun depression thus cannot aim at opponents below the Bf 110
* BK 3.7 installation necessitates the removal of all 20mm cannons, severely reducing the ammo count overall and is not recommended unless in arcade or highly skilled

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=bf-110g-2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;videos
{{Youtube-gallery|VHJN6ZWOmnY|'''The bane of tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:24 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|akxAxhPBA3k|'''The Shooting Range #101''' - ''Tactics & Strategy'' section at 14:24 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|AW9Gjrax8Zg|'''The Shooting Range #53''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:07 discusses the Bf 110.}}

== See also ==


* [[Mosquito FB Mk VI]]
* [[Mosquito FB.Mk.26]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5560-development-messerschmitt-bf-110-model-updates-new-modifications-en|[Devblog] Messerschmitt Bf 110 model updates, new modifications]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/414728-bf-110g-2/ [Forum<nowiki>]</nowiki> Bf 110 G-2 Data Sheet]

{{AirManufacturer BFW}}
{{Germany strike aircraft}}

Pe-3 (e)

2023-06-19T02:05:33Z

U118123450: /* Suspended armament */

{{About
| about = Soviet strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = Pe-3 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=pe-3_early
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

As with all Pe-2s and Pe-3s, the roll rate is great, but turn time leaves much to be desired. It is quite fast, and can outrun most fighters if downtiered.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,100 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 517 || 502 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.4 || 28.7 || 7.5 || 7.4 || rowspan="2" | 326
|-
! Upgraded
| 555 || 535 || 24.6 || 26.0 || 13.0 || 10.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 500 || 470 || 320 || ~10 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 380 || < 380 || < 440 || > 307
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 4 mm steel behind the pilot's butt
* 6 mm steel beside and below gunner
* 12 mm steel in front of gunner*
* 13 mm steel below and behind pilot
* 45 mm bulletproof glass in front of pilot
* Self-sealing fuel tanks, with neutral gas pressurization system (3 in central fuselage, 4 in each wing)

<nowiki>*</nowiki>Note, the gunner is rear-facing

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Berezin UB (12.7 mm)|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine guns, nose-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)
* 1 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, nose-mounted (450 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|FAB-100sv (100 kg)|FAB-250sv (250 kg)|RS-132|RBS-132}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (200 kg total)
* 4 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (400 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg FAB-250sv bombs + 2 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (700 kg total)
* 6 x RS-132 rockets
* 6 x RBS-132 rockets

Custom loadouts are available, with a maximum ordnance weight of 700 kg.

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, dorsal turret (750 rpg)
* 1 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, tail turret (250 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

The Pe-3 (e) can be used for a variety of roles, depending on what you are comfortable with. In Air RB, the aircraft can be used as a high-speed base bomber, or bomber interceptor. For base bombing, you can choose the heaviest payload (2 x 250 kg and 2 x 100 kg), and, once spawned in, go into a shallow dive towards the base you are going for. Once over the base, drop your payload and break away. Remember to set your bomb fuse to at least 2 seconds, or else you will blow yourself to bits. However, the Pe-3 (e) can also be used as a bomber interceptor, although this may be harder. While the Berezins and the ShKAS both have a high rate of fire, there is limited ammo, and you might not be able to down the bomber before your ammo runs out. Instead, rockets could be a much better choice. You can load 6 x RS-132 rockets, or 6 x RBS-132s. For bomber-hunting, the RS-132 will be better-suited, as it has more explosive filler (4.9 kg vs 1.5 kg). While it is harder to hit moving targets in the air with rockets, with practice, you will be able to down any bomber in your sights. Setting a rocket activation fuse can also help (recommended at leat 500m), as it will guarantee the detonation of the rocket even with a near miss, improving your chances of hitting your target.

The Pe-3 (e) can also be used as an attack aircraft in Ground battles. The RBS-132 rocket can penetrate 85 mm of armour, which is enough to penetrate all tanks at this BR form the sides or back. Or, you can load bombs, and dive onto your targets.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High speed
* Great roll rate
* Quite manoeuvrable
* Can carry bombs and rockets ( including powerful anti-tank RBS-132 rockets that can penetrate ''85 mm'' of armour!)
* Defensive ShKAS has a high rate of fire, and the Universal belt contains only incendiary tracers; can set any enemy on fire with careful aim

'''Cons:'''

* Low ammo count
* One 7.62 mm MG is rather ineffective against better-armoured fighters
* Turn time can't compete with anything
* Fuel tanks are scattered all over the wings and fuselage, allowing them to be easily hit by any attacking fighter

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Petlyakov Pe-3 Heavy Twin-Engine Fighter.

When the Great Patriotic War began in the summer of 1941, the Air Force of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army urgently needed a patrol/interceptor aircraft to fight the enemy's bombers and scouts. But with a war in progress, troops could only quickly receive a twin-engined fighter if it were based on some plane currently in production. The older Pe-2's fighter design fit this need perfectly.

In August 1941, the Petlyakov Design Bureau was instructed to design a fighter version of the Pe-2. The first prototype Pe-3 fighter, redesigned from the production Pe-2 bomber, series 16, flew for the first time on August 7, 1941. Only seven days passed between the order for the aircraft and its delivery for trials.

Structurally, the Pe-3 fighter differed from the Pe-2 in the layout of its forward and middle fuselage and its armament. Additional fuel tanks were put in the plane's fuselage, with one located in the bomb bay and two others replacing the gunner's cockpit. The plane was modified to be a two-seater.

The fighter had increased offensive armament. The nose weapon mount of the prototype Pe-3 model consisted of two 12.7 mm Berezin BK machine guns with 150 rounds each and one 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun with 450 rounds. The TSS-1 upper mount in the navigator's cockpit consisting of a 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun with 750 rounds was kept unchanged from the Pe-2. Since there was no one to provide fire from the lower rear of the aircraft, a fixed tail mount with a 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun with 250 rounds, which had been tested before on the VI-100 high-altitude fighter, was installed.

The plane's bombing armament was drastically simplified. Only four bomb racks remained from the Pe-2: two in the engine nacelle bomb bays and two (external) under the fuselage. The total bomb capacity was reduced to 400 kg for standard load and 700 kg (two 250-kg bombs and two 100-kg bombs) when overloaded. The brake covers under the wings were removed together with the gears, and, as a result, the ability to perform dive bombing was gone.

Production Pe-3s had the ShKAS nose machine gun removed, but the magazine capacity of the BK machine guns was increased up to 250 rounds each.

During armament testing of the nose mount, it was found that the Plexiglas fuselage nose section could not withstand the muzzle gas pressure, resulting in its destruction. Plexiglas was first replaced with duralumin and then with steel. The aircraft glazing was reduced when large observation blisters and the upper glass hatch of the gunner's cockpit were removed.

The heavy fighters were delivered from the factory to the front lines with equipment corresponding to the main production Pe-3 aircraft. The total number of Pe-3s built in 1941 was 196; 11 more planes were assembled from available stocks of parts in April 1942.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=pe-3_early Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|fMoZQTMk8vs|'''(Arcade): {{PAGENAME}} - Fits the Bill''' - ''tx141TX''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Petlyakov}}
{{USSR strike aircraft}}

MG FF (20 mm)

2023-05-11T08:26:17Z

U118123450: /* Description */

{{About
| about = German machine gun '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = MG FF/M (20 mm)
}}
== Description ==
The MG FF is a German 20mm autocannon found on a number of early war German fighters. Based off the Swiss Oerlikon FF autocannon of the 1920s, this cannon offers a massive boost in firepower to those equipped with this cannon, but the lack of minengeschoß ammunition compared to the later MG FF/M makes this cannon relatively lacking in firepower compared to higher BR fighters. Nonetheless, a few shells will easily disassemble any fighter at the expected BR, and if used and conserved well the 60 cannon rounds per gun can rack up kills with ease.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|a7he1}}
* {{Specs-Link|arado-196a-3}}
* {{Specs-Link|arado-196a-5}}
* {{Specs-Link|bf-109e-3}}
* {{Specs-Link|he_112b_0}}
* {{Specs-Link|he_112b_1}} (Germany)
* {{Specs-Link|he_112b_1_italy}}
* {{Specs-Link|he_112b_2}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===


* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|IT*|Incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|IT*|Incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APHE|Armour-piercing high-explosive}}
* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|IT*|Incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|FI-T*|Fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|FI-T*|Fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APHE|Armour-piercing high-explosive}}
* '''Air targets:''' {{Annotation|FI-T*|Fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|FI-T*|Fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APHE|Armour-piercing high-explosive}}{{-}}{{Annotation|IT*|Incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''Tracers:''' {{Annotation|IT*|Incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|IT*|Incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|FI-T*|Fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|FI-T*|Fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''Stealth:''' {{Annotation|APHE|Armour-piercing high-explosive}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APHE|Armour-piercing high-explosive}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || 19 || 18 || 15 || 10 || 3 || 3
|-
| Universal || 19 || 18 || 15 || 10 || 6 || 6
|-
| Air targets || 25 || 24 || 18 || 10 || 6 || 6
|-
| Tracers || 16 || 12 || 7 || 6 || 6 || 6
|-
| Stealth || 20 || 18 || 15 || 10 || 3 || 3
|-
|}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Decent punch compared to most of the other contemporary armament

'''Cons:'''

* Sluggish rate of fire
* Low muzzle velocity
* Lacks the minengeschoss shell of the FF/M
* Less effective armour-piercing ammunition

== History ==

The story of the MG FF starts in World War I with the Becker M2, an early 20 mm aircraft-mounted autocannon. Using an advanced primer ignition blowback action and fed from 15-round curved box magazines, the Becker had difficulties serving as aircraft armament as the blowback action meant the gun could not be synchronized to fire through the propeller without damaging it. As a result, the Becker M2 only saw combat on Zeppelins during the war and was only used on aircraft for testing.

After the war, the Treaty of Versailles prohibited Germany from developing aircraft cannons and similar weapons so the rights were sold to the Swiss company SEMAG in 1919 and then transferred again to Oerlikon in 1924. Oerlikon began developing multiple cannon types based on the Becker action and worked to increase the muzzle velocity so it could serve in anti-tank and anti-aircraft roles. In 1935, Oerlikon introduced the latest variant of their 20 mm cannon, the [[Oerlikon FF (20 mm)|FF]] which could be mounted inside or on the wings of fighter aircraft. In the global rearmament that precipitated World War II, licenses for the Oerlikon FF were taken out by multiple nations including Germany.

In Germany, the Ikaria firm began manufacturing the cannon as the MG FF for German fighters and bombers. Compared to the contemporary [[Hispano 404 (20 mm)|Hispano 404]], the MG FF suffered from a low fire rate and muzzle velocity. Another limiting factor of the design was the 60-round drums which were difficult to mount in the wings of Germany's main fighters the [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109]] and [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190]]. Starting in 1941, the MG FF began to be phased out by the lighter, belt-fed [[MG 151 (20 mm)|MG 151]], but it would find a new lease of life in 1943 as part of the [[Schräge Musik]] mounting in German night fighters due to large stockpile and the fact muzzle velocity would not be a concern in the new role.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[MG FF/M (20 mm)]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany aircraft cannons}}
{{Japan aircraft cannons}}
{{Italy aircraft cannons}}
{{Sweden aircraft cannons}}

[[Category:Aircraft cannons]]

B3C

2023-04-28T15:20:47Z

U118123450:

{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_b3c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

Originally built by the German aircraft firm Junkers, the {{PAGENAME}} started out as the Ju 86, developed in the mid-1930s alongside rival Heinkel's He 111. Since the Luftwaffe could not officially build bomber aircraft at the time, the main purpose of the aircraft was to be a ten-person airliner which could, with minimal effort, be converted into a medium bomber. When tested during the Spanish Civil War, it was found that its diesel engines could not hold up against the rigours of combat and were replaced with BMW 123 radial engines which vastly increased its reliability.

Later in development, the Ju 86K was created for the purpose of exporting this aircraft to foreign nations of which Sweden and Hungary were the first to accept. Sweden started producing their licensed version of the bomber, the B 3 which was outfitted with British Bristol Mercury engines instead of the German BMW radials, of which the Mercury engines were later were license-built in Sweden and Poland.

The {{PAGENAME}} though an early war bomber is not without a box of tricks. While relegated to a medium bomber function, options in its suspended armament give it the option to carpet bomb smaller and lighter targets or to bomb heavier protected targets and bases. Externally outfitting an 853 kg torpedo gives the bomber the option to strike fear in fleet captains eyes, especially when a crew member announces "Fish in the water". Though for the most part considered an average bomber when it comes to manoeuvrability, rate of climb and level speed, the {{PAGENAME}} has what it takes to deliver its ordnance to the target and has several critically placed defensive turrets to protect the bomber against any interlopers, intent on downing the bomber before it gets to its target.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is an average aircraft when it comes to flight characteristics, nothing really impressive, but nothing which hinders the bombers ability to do its job either. Acceleration, rate of climb and level flight speed are good enough. However, if caught in a low energy state with nowhere to dive, it will be relatively easy to catch, even by the most sluggish fighters or attackers. The large surface area of the wings enable this aircraft to have a comparatively low stall speed and the dual vertical stabilizers detract from the rudder capabilities of this aircraft, compared to aircraft with single vertical stabilizer (see [[B-24D-25-CO|B-24]] vs [[PB4Y-2|PB4Y]] for comparison of vertical stabilizer types).

The {{PAGENAME}} was designed for mid- to high-altitude bombing, where it remains safe from a majority of the fighters found flying against it in a match. Dropping to lower altitudes enables even the slowest of biplanes ([[Po-2]] and [[Hs 123 A-1]]) to take pot-shots at the bomber. There is one situation, which will require the {{PAGENAME}} to fly low and slow, and that is when setting up for a torpedo run. The bomber will not only be vulnerable to fighters and attackers at the extremely low altitude, but also to anti-aircraft fire from the ships, which should not have much difficulty hitting such a large and slow target.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,600 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 372 || 363 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.8 || 18.4 || 5.5 || 5.5 || rowspan="2" | 530
|-
! Upgraded
| 421 || 395 || 16.3 || 17.0 || 10.5 || 7.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 310 || 297 || 240 || ~7 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 200 || < 200 || < 250 || > 324
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* No armour
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (4 in each wing)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|sb m/42 (50 kg)|mb m/40 (250 kg)|m/41 (450 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 16 x 50 kg sb m/42 bombs (800 kg total) (9.5 Kg of TNT per bomb, total
* 1 x 450 mm m/41 torpedo (853 kg total)
* 4 x 250 kg mb m/40 bombs (1,000 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Ksp m/22-37 R (8 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22-37 R machine gun, nose turret (675 rpg)
* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22-37 R machine gun, dorsal turret (1,050 rpg)
* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22-37 R machine gun, ventral turret (825 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

While many aircraft found in War Thunder are considered multi-role capable (fighter and interceptor, attacker and bomber, etc.), some aircraft sit within just one role, but have several subset capabilities within that role. The {{PAGENAME}} is no exception as its sole role in the game is that of a medium bomber, however, it is capable of defining its mission objective, depending on the type of suspended ordnance outfitted.

;Small target bomber

As an early rank bomber, the {{PAGENAME}} has access to several of the smaller bombs found in the game. Loading up with the 50 kg bombs allows the bomber to take out many of the lightly protect vehicles found on the map, such as trucks, light tanks, anti-aircraft artillery, light pillboxes/bunkers and aircraft parked on a runway. Vehicles travelling in columns make for an especially tempting target as when lined up properly, the {{PAGENAME}} can come in at a lower altitude and drop individual bombs per target, being more judicious with the suspended ordnance, especially in realistic and simulator battles, where reloads require heading back to base. Heavy pillboxes, medium and heavy tanks, along with bases, should be avoided, as these smaller bombs will be less effective against them.

;Large/protected target bomber

When it comes to attacking a base or targets, such as reinforced pillboxes, large ships, medium and heavy tanks, the 250 kg bomb and 450 mm torpedo will come in handy. With a harder punch, they will make short work of the vehicles, which the 50 kg bombs will realistically just bounce off of. Base bombing will be more effective, specifically if the {{PAGENAME}} is flying at 4,000 m and above, where it is less likely to run into enemy fighters, and if it does, the defensive turrets can make it that much more difficult for them to get sights on you.

;Torpedo bomber

The {{PAGENAME}} can outfit a 450 mm torpedo to the external side of the aircraft's bomb bay. This big fish (853 kg) can make a big explosion, however, to get the torpedo into the water, the bomber must approach the intended target at a low altitude and slow speed. Typically, ships don't sit there and just watch the torpedo approach and will open up their anti-aircraft fire. The bomber pilot must remain calm to ensure a precise drop of the torpedo. Once released, the bomber must power back up to full speed and vacate the area to avoid further anti-aircraft fire and any potential enemy fighters, which may be in the area.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 8 mm defensive guns can ward off most enemy fighters at its BR

* Can carry a torpedo, unlike contemporary bombers at this BR
* Both bomb loads can destroy a base
* Defensive turrets have a high rate of fire
* Large amounts of tracers can scare off beginning players
* Turn time is better than some fighters
* The 3 x 250 kg mb m/40 bombs are enough to destroy a single base, so in most cases you can destroy 1 and 1/3 of the enemy bases.

'''Cons:'''

* Average flight characteristics
* Large wing profile, an easy target for attacking fighters
* Significant defensive blind spots from the side, above and below
* Gear retraction and lowering is painfully slow; you will have to start lowering the gear long before you make it to the runway
* Average speed: it will not be outrunning any fighters
* Below average defensive turrets

== History ==

The SAAB B3C began its life in the mid-1930s in Germany as the Junkers Ju 86. The purpose of this aircraft was to operate first as a high-speed passenger airliner but also function as a medium bomber with minimal conversion. Conversion from airliner required the removal of ten passenger seats and replaced with four bomb cells which carried each bomb in an upright position. Fuel tanks for the bomber version were located in the fuselage while the airliner moved them to the wings. Originally this bomber was outfitted with Junkers Jumo 205 diesel engines, their drawback was their weight, however, they were more fuel-efficient than standard petrol engines. Unfortunately during the Spanish Civil War, it was determined that the Ju 86 under-performed compared to the He 111, mainly because the diesel engines could not handle the rough treatment endured during combat situations. With this knowledge, the Ju 86 was converted to the BMW 132 radial engines which drastically improved the reliability of this bomber.

The Junkers model Ju 86K was the export version of the Ju 86 which allowed Sweden's aircraft manufacture SAAB to license build these medium bombers and designated them as the B 3. Instead of utilising BMW132 engines, SAAB opted to go with the Bristol Mercury XIX radial engines which had an output of 905 horsepower. The Swedes maintained their B 3 bombers throughout the war and continued to use them for another thirteen years with several being converted to maritime patrol and signal intelligence (SIGINT) aerial platforms to keep apprised of Soviet and Eastern Europe activity.

=== [[wt:en/news/6492-development-saab-b3c-bomber-to-start-from-en|Devblog]] ===
In 1934, a set of requirements was issued to both Heinkel and Junkers to develop a new twin engine aircraft, capable of acting as both a high-speed civilian airliner as well as a medium bomber for the German Luftwaffe. While Heinkel would go on to develop the far more successful He 111, Junkers developed the Ju 86, the first test flights of which occurred already in late 1934 and extending in early 1935.

Early production of the type commenced in late 1935 for military versions, while civilian variants entered service in 1936. Despite being seen as inferior to the He 111, especially in military service, the Ju 86 nonetheless remained a relatively popular aircraft on the export market, being purchased by various operators from around the globe, ranging from South America, over Europe and going all the way to Asia and Oceania.

Among its many operators was also Sweden, which not only purchased a number of Ju 86s directly from Junkers, but also acquired a licence to manufacture the type domestically in the late 1930s. Both imported and built under licence by the SAAB company, the aircraft received its new designation B3, and unlike the German original, the Swedish counterpart received different engines (namely licence-built versions of the Bristol Pegasus radial engines) as well as Swedish weaponry.

As with other countries, Sweden employed their Ju 86s in both military as well as civilian roles for many years before, during and after WWII, with the last of the Ju 86s being decommissioned during the late 1950s. In total, only about 15 B3C and one B3D were built for the Swedish Air Force by SAAB between 1939 - 1940 out of the original 40 aircraft planned.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_b3c Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<div><gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 007.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Heinkel [[He 111 H-6|He 111]]
* Dornier [[Do 17 (Family)|Do 17]]
* Savoia-Marchetti [[S.M.79 (Family)|SM.79]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6492-development-saab-b3c-bomber-to-start-from-en|[Devblog] SAAB B3C: Bomber to Start From]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/474729-saab-b3c/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden bombers}}

B3C

2023-04-28T12:03:55Z

U118123450: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_b3c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

Originally built by the German aircraft firm Junkers, the {{PAGENAME}} started out as the Ju 86, developed in the mid-1930s alongside rival Heinkel's He 111. Since the Luftwaffe could not officially build bomber aircraft at the time, the main purpose of the aircraft was to be a ten-person airliner which could, with minimal effort, be converted into a medium bomber. When tested during the Spanish Civil War, it was found that its diesel engines could not hold up against the rigours of combat and were replaced with BMW 123 radial engines which vastly increased its reliability.

Later in development, the Ju 86K was created for the purpose of exporting this aircraft to foreign nations of which Sweden and Hungary were the first to accept. Sweden started producing their licensed version of the bomber, the B 3 which was outfitted with British Bristol Mercury engines instead of the German BMW radials, of which the Mercury engines were later were license-built in Sweden and Poland.

The {{PAGENAME}} though an early war bomber is not without a box of tricks. While relegated to a medium bomber function, options in its suspended armament give it the option to carpet bomb smaller and lighter targets or to bomb heavier protected targets and bases. Externally outfitting an 853 kg torpedo gives the bomber the option to strike fear in fleet captains eyes, especially when a crew member announces "Fish in the water". Though for the most part considered an average bomber when it comes to manoeuvrability, rate of climb and level speed, the {{PAGENAME}} has what it takes to deliver its ordnance to the target and has several critically placed defensive turrets to protect the bomber against any interlopers, intent on downing the bomber before it gets to its target.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is an average aircraft when it comes to flight characteristics, nothing really impressive, but nothing which hinders the bombers ability to do its job either. Acceleration, rate of climb and level flight speed are good enough. However, if caught in a low energy state with nowhere to dive, it will be relatively easy to catch, even by the most sluggish fighters or attackers. The large surface area of the wings enable this aircraft to have a comparatively low stall speed and the dual vertical stabilizers detract from the rudder capabilities of this aircraft, compared to aircraft with single vertical stabilizer (see [[B-24D-25-CO|B-24]] vs [[PB4Y-2|PB4Y]] for comparison of vertical stabilizer types).

The {{PAGENAME}} was designed for mid- to high-altitude bombing, where it remains safe from a majority of the fighters found flying against it in a match. Dropping to lower altitudes enables even the slowest of biplanes ([[Po-2]] and [[Hs 123 A-1]]) to take pot-shots at the bomber. There is one situation, which will require the {{PAGENAME}} to fly low and slow, and that is when setting up for a torpedo run. The bomber will not only be vulnerable to fighters and attackers at the extremely low altitude, but also to anti-aircraft fire from the ships, which should not have much difficulty hitting such a large and slow target.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,600 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 372 || 363 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.8 || 18.4 || 5.5 || 5.5 || rowspan="2" | 530
|-
! Upgraded
| 421 || 395 || 16.3 || 17.0 || 10.5 || 7.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 310 || 297 || 240 || ~7 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 200 || < 200 || < 250 || > 324
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* No armour
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (4 in each wing)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|sb m/42 (50 kg)|mb m/40 (250 kg)|m/41 (450 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 16 x 50 kg sb m/42 bombs (800 kg total)
* 1 x 450 mm m/41 torpedo (853 kg total)
* 4 x 250 kg mb m/40 bombs (1,000 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Ksp m/22-37 R (8 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22-37 R machine gun, nose turret (675 rpg)
* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22-37 R machine gun, dorsal turret (1,050 rpg)
* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22-37 R machine gun, ventral turret (825 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

While many aircraft found in War Thunder are considered multi-role capable (fighter and interceptor, attacker and bomber, etc.), some aircraft sit within just one role, but have several subset capabilities within that role. The {{PAGENAME}} is no exception as its sole role in the game is that of a medium bomber, however, it is capable of defining its mission objective, depending on the type of suspended ordnance outfitted.

;Small target bomber

As an early rank bomber, the {{PAGENAME}} has access to several of the smaller bombs found in the game. Loading up with the 50 kg bombs allows the bomber to take out many of the lightly protect vehicles found on the map, such as trucks, light tanks, anti-aircraft artillery, light pillboxes/bunkers and aircraft parked on a runway. Vehicles travelling in columns make for an especially tempting target as when lined up properly, the {{PAGENAME}} can come in at a lower altitude and drop individual bombs per target, being more judicious with the suspended ordnance, especially in realistic and simulator battles, where reloads require heading back to base. Heavy pillboxes, medium and heavy tanks, along with bases, should be avoided, as these smaller bombs will be less effective against them.

;Large/protected target bomber

When it comes to attacking a base or targets, such as reinforced pillboxes, large ships, medium and heavy tanks, the 250 kg bomb and 450 mm torpedo will come in handy. With a harder punch, they will make short work of the vehicles, which the 50 kg bombs will realistically just bounce off of. Base bombing will be more effective, specifically if the {{PAGENAME}} is flying at 4,000 m and above, where it is less likely to run into enemy fighters, and if it does, the defensive turrets can make it that much more difficult for them to get sights on you.

;Torpedo bomber

The {{PAGENAME}} can outfit a 450 mm torpedo to the external side of the aircraft's bomb bay. This big fish (853 kg) can make a big explosion, however, to get the torpedo into the water, the bomber must approach the intended target at a low altitude and slow speed. Typically, ships don't sit there and just watch the torpedo approach and will open up their anti-aircraft fire. The bomber pilot must remain calm to ensure a precise drop of the torpedo. Once released, the bomber must power back up to full speed and vacate the area to avoid further anti-aircraft fire and any potential enemy fighters, which may be in the area.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 8 mm defensive guns can ward off most enemy fighters at its BR

* Can carry a torpedo, unlike contemporary bombers at this BR
* Both bomb loads can destroy a base
* Defensive turrets have a high rate of fire
* Large amounts of tracers can scare off beginning players
* Turn time is better than some fighters
* The 3 x 250 kg mb m/40 bombs are enough to destroy a single base, so in most cases you can destroy 1 and 1/3 of the enemy bases.

'''Cons:'''

* Average flight characteristics
* Large wing profile, an easy target for attacking fighters
* Significant defensive blind spots from the side, above and below
* Gear retraction and lowering is painfully slow; you will have to start lowering the gear long before you make it to the runway
* Average speed: it will not be outrunning any fighters
* Below average defensive turrets
* Pathetically weak explosive power for a 50kg bomb: the German SC 50 already boasts nearly 3 times the amount of explosive per bomb, making attacking light targets hard without direct hits

== History ==

The SAAB B3C began its life in the mid-1930s in Germany as the Junkers Ju 86. The purpose of this aircraft was to operate first as a high-speed passenger airliner but also function as a medium bomber with minimal conversion. Conversion from airliner required the removal of ten passenger seats and replaced with four bomb cells which carried each bomb in an upright position. Fuel tanks for the bomber version were located in the fuselage while the airliner moved them to the wings. Originally this bomber was outfitted with Junkers Jumo 205 diesel engines, their drawback was their weight, however, they were more fuel-efficient than standard petrol engines. Unfortunately during the Spanish Civil War, it was determined that the Ju 86 under-performed compared to the He 111, mainly because the diesel engines could not handle the rough treatment endured during combat situations. With this knowledge, the Ju 86 was converted to the BMW 132 radial engines which drastically improved the reliability of this bomber.

The Junkers model Ju 86K was the export version of the Ju 86 which allowed Sweden's aircraft manufacture SAAB to license build these medium bombers and designated them as the B 3. Instead of utilising BMW132 engines, SAAB opted to go with the Bristol Mercury XIX radial engines which had an output of 905 horsepower. The Swedes maintained their B 3 bombers throughout the war and continued to use them for another thirteen years with several being converted to maritime patrol and signal intelligence (SIGINT) aerial platforms to keep apprised of Soviet and Eastern Europe activity.

=== [[wt:en/news/6492-development-saab-b3c-bomber-to-start-from-en|Devblog]] ===
In 1934, a set of requirements was issued to both Heinkel and Junkers to develop a new twin engine aircraft, capable of acting as both a high-speed civilian airliner as well as a medium bomber for the German Luftwaffe. While Heinkel would go on to develop the far more successful He 111, Junkers developed the Ju 86, the first test flights of which occurred already in late 1934 and extending in early 1935.

Early production of the type commenced in late 1935 for military versions, while civilian variants entered service in 1936. Despite being seen as inferior to the He 111, especially in military service, the Ju 86 nonetheless remained a relatively popular aircraft on the export market, being purchased by various operators from around the globe, ranging from South America, over Europe and going all the way to Asia and Oceania.

Among its many operators was also Sweden, which not only purchased a number of Ju 86s directly from Junkers, but also acquired a licence to manufacture the type domestically in the late 1930s. Both imported and built under licence by the SAAB company, the aircraft received its new designation B3, and unlike the German original, the Swedish counterpart received different engines (namely licence-built versions of the Bristol Pegasus radial engines) as well as Swedish weaponry.

As with other countries, Sweden employed their Ju 86s in both military as well as civilian roles for many years before, during and after WWII, with the last of the Ju 86s being decommissioned during the late 1950s. In total, only about 15 B3C and one B3D were built for the Swedish Air Force by SAAB between 1939 - 1940 out of the original 40 aircraft planned.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_b3c Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<div><gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
File:SAAB B3C WTWallpaper 007.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Heinkel [[He 111 H-6|He 111]]
* Dornier [[Do 17 (Family)|Do 17]]
* Savoia-Marchetti [[S.M.79 (Family)|SM.79]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6492-development-saab-b3c-bomber-to-start-from-en|[Devblog] SAAB B3C: Bomber to Start From]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/474729-saab-b3c/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden bombers}}

Sd.Kfz.222 (China)

2023-04-25T17:42:42Z

U118123450: /* Main armament */

{{About
|about= SPAA '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage= the German version
|link= Sd.Kfz.222
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=cn_sdkfz_222_early
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Sky Guardians"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


The Sd.Kfz.222 is overall a poorly protected vehicle.

The frontal hull consists of 14-30 mm armour plates, which can only stop heavy machine gun rounds and, with good angling, non-HVAP autocannon shells. Thus vehicles with heavy machine guns or autocannons are highly dangerous, for example [[M13 MGMC]], [[Pz.II (Family)|Pz.II]], [[Sd.Kfz.234/1]], etc. Any projectile with a larger calibre will go through its armour with ease. The rest of the vehicle is covered in 8 mm plates, which are barely enough to stop rifle-calibre bullets. At point blank range, even rifle-calibre machine guns have a good chance of penetrating the Sd.Kfz.222. The thin armour also makes the vehicle highly vulnerable to shrapnel from bombs and near-miss high explosive shells, so stay away from diving planes or artillery strikes.

The post-penetration survivability is low. There are only 3 crews, with 2 sitting closely together in the turret making them easy to be taken out by a single shot. However, the vehicle will sometimes survive a shot or two, but don't count on that. The open-topped turret also makes HE, HEAT, bombs, and explosive rockets very lethal due to their overpressure. Therefore, the Sd.Kfz.222 will be knocked out with a single shot from howitzer-equipped vehicles like the [[M8 HMC (China)|M8 HMC]], the [[Chi-Ha]], or the [[15cm sIG 33 B Sfl]].

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


The Sd.Kfz.222 is a highly mobile vehicle, so the player should utilise this trait and avoid the flaws in protection.

On flat paved road, the vehicle can quickly accelerate to around 60 km/h thanks to its 18 hp/t power-to-weight ratio. This speed is comparable with famous fast tanks like [[BT-5]]. In offroad conditions, the vehicle can still maintain an average speed of around 50 km/h, allowing it to get to any location in a timely manner.

The -16 km/h reverse speed seems significantly lower than forward speed, but it is fast enough to pull the vehicle out of danger if it is not far from a cover behind. Other wise, it may be better to turn the vehicle around.

The vehicle's 4 wheels can all steer, making it very agile to navigate through confined environments like a small town, or to quickly change driving directions.

The only flaw in mobility is that, at high speed, it is awkward to precisely control the direction as the vehicle tend to "snake" around when trying to steer. Also, it takes a few seconds to fully come to a halt when braking at high speed. Lastly, due to the vehicle's light weight (only 5t), it cannot quickly ram through obstacles like metal fences without losing speed, so avoid driving into them.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=107|rbMinHp=66}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|KwK30 (20 mm)}}

The Sd.Kfz.222 is armed with a single 20 mm KwK30 autocannon paired with a coaxial rifle-calibre machine gun. The Sd.Kfz.222 possesses a quick turret traverse and elevation speeds, and can elevate its gun to 80 degrees, allowing you to aim at and track aircraft with comfort. Compared to its German counterpart, the 20 mm KwK30 autocannon fires at a slower rate than the KwK38, but has double the ammunition per magazine. The KwK30 doesn't have access to the PzGr.40 belt, which grants it a higher penetration. This is a bigger disadvantage than one might expect, and limits the Chinese Sd.Kfz.222 more to its stated role as SPAA, especially in uptiers. Against many of its contemporaries, however, the penetration at point blank should be enough to deal with armoured cars and light tanks. There is more bullet drop on the KwK30 than the KwK38 autocannon, but the low penetration means it shouldn't be used to snipe, and it is not noticeable enough to really affect anti-air performance. The lower BR on the chinese Sd.Kfz.222 should place you against weaker enemies than the german one anyway, making the lack of HVAP belts not as noticeable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[KwK30 (20 mm)|20 mm KwK30]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 180 (20) || rowspan="2" | 280 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+80° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''Sprgr.:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''PzGr.:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}

{{:KwK30 (20 mm)/Ammunition|HEFI-T*, API-T}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''9''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG13 Dreyse (7.92 mm)}}

The MG13 Dreyse is a normal Coaxial MG with a significantly lower rate of fire than its original german version. The MG is capable of elevating alongside the main cannon and can be utilised in AA work as a reserve weapon while loading the main gun or just attracting enemy planes to get a shot. It has decent penetration for a rifle-calibre MG, so it can be used in rare circumstances against very lightly armored vehicles or exposed crewmen.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG13 Dreyse (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG13 Dreyse]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 900 (75) || 500 || - || -
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Sd.Kfz.222 is a fast vehicle capable of keeping up with the fastest of Rank I vehicles. This opens up numerous opportunities for you, as unlike the [[Flakpanzer I]] or the [[Flakpanzer 38]], you are not nearly as vulnerable to gunner snipes as you would be with them. In addition, you are not nearly as well suited for AA work as you only have room for a maximum of 9 magazines (including the one you have loaded), so prolonged AA work will simply burn your ammunition long before the Flakpanzers even needed to start getting worried. The closest analogue one can compare the 222 to is the Sd.Kfz.234/1 (basically a Puma chassis with the same turret). Instead of shooting planes, one can actively use the 222 as a speedier version of the Pz.II, attacking enemy tanks. Your lack of armor and excellent speeds encourage flanking or ambushing roles. Remember enemy weakspots and avoid armor you can't handle.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High speed especially on paved road, comparable with fast foes like [[BT-5]]
* All-wheel steering, very agile navigating through urban areas
* Fast turret traverse, can keep up with high-speed targets like planes
* Good -16km/h reverse speed, helpful to retreat from danger
* 20-round magazine is beginner friendly
* Very small profile, easy to hide in bushes

'''Cons:'''

* No HVAP shells unlike the [[Sd.Kfz.222|German version]], cannot penetrate armoured targets like [[H.39]], [[D2]], etc
* Very poorly protected, even a heavy machine gun can frontally penetrate it
* 7-second reload is quite slow
* 280 rounds/min fire rate is slower than the German version, requiring extra aiming skills to hit planes
* Only 9 magazines of 20mm can be carried compared to 18 in the german 222, limiting ones potential without any restocking of ammo (thankfully they restock rather quickly)

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=cn_sdkfz_222_early Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8085-development-sd-kfz-222-a-little-tank-en|[Devblog] Sd.Kfz.222: A Little Tank]]

{{TankManufacturer Eisenwerk Weserhutte}}
{{China anti-aircraft vehicles}}

[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

BV 138 C-1

2023-04-21T09:41:07Z

U118123450: /* Defensive armament */

{{Specs-Card
|code=bv-138c-1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Direct Hit"]].

The first regular tree seaplane for the Germans was the main unit of the Luftwaffe for ocean patrols from nearly the beginning of the war. Called the "Flying Clog" by her crew, it was capable and versatile machine although under powered, unique in using opposed-piston diesel engines and a steel tube spar. The C-1 model chosen for the game comes with a formidable defensive armament and average bomb load for Rank I.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


Even though the plane has 3 engines, it is very slow and its top speed is not high enough to escape from enemies. Take-off from water takes a good deal of distance, and the plane does not manoeuvre well on rudder alone, so give yourself room. In the air, save flaps for when absolutely needed, it is better to keep airspeed. If trying to land in a naval cap point, fly very low and start slowing well before cap zone, drop flaps when possible. It is recommended to practice water landing in Test Flight to learn landing distance and how far the plane will drift (there is no water brake).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 266 || 253 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 41.0 || 44.2 || 0.6 || 0.6 || rowspan="2" | 700
|-
! Upgraded
| 302 || 283 || 37.3 || 39.0 || 4.0 || 2.2
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 405  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 405 || 320 || ~4 || ~2
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 220 || < 220 || < 210 || > ___
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The plane has no dedicated armour, but its sturdy airframe makes it pretty survivable. When one of the engines is damaged, the plane can keep flying with the two remaining engines. A hit to the self-sealing fuel tanks will cause a fire and some damage to the airframe but the fire will not last long enough to destroy the plane.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

It is most important to unlock the MG 131 and MG 151 belts to select the best ammo, with the Compressor, Engine, and Wings repair being next. After that, you can unlock the rest as you please.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|SC50JA (50 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 6 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (300 kg total)

Being a small bomb, precision is important, however it is dangerous to get close to player vehicles. Fixed targets are the preferred choice.

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|MG 151 (20 mm)|MG 131 (13 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon, nose turret (1,000 rpg)
* 1 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon, tail turret (900 rpg)
* 1 x 13 mm MG 131 machine gun, dorsal-rear turret (1,450 rpg)

This is exceptional defensive armament for this aircraft, especially for its BR. Most opponents one will face have rifle or heavy calibre machine guns, rarely will it be 20 mm, let alone Minegeschoß shells. Be familiar with the blind spots for the rear guns and manoeuvre for the best advantage, you might have a good chance to punish an attacker who dares to attack you!

== Usage in battles ==

With a small bomb load of six 50 kg bombs, do not expect to play a big role in Air battles in terms of bombing; however the 20 mm and 13 mm defensive weapons makes up with a potent sting if attacked. Be familiar of the turret arcs, and fly low to cover your unprotected belly. The BV 138 can be used as a low-altitude slugger in Air RB where its powerful turret-based cannons are able to blast through any monoplane or biplane it may face at its BR. Uptiers with the BV 138 can be much more unforgiving with this tactic, but the potency of its defensive armament still remains.

It is naval missions where "the Clog" will shine, capping unguarded points or sinking boats with its armament, being more durable than the single-engine seaplanes often used. Make sure to have this in your Naval lineup!

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* One engine can be knocked out and can still fly fine
* Good manoeuvrability
* Effective glider with a low stall speed, even with all engines knocked out
* Excellent defensive armament
* Can capture naval points

'''Cons:'''

* Can't land on runways since it is a hydroplane
* Poor climb rate
* Slow flight speed
* No offensive armament
* Small bomb load

== History ==

Not immediately obvious, the BV 138 is one of the more unique vehicles in game: a twin boom fuselage is very rare for a seaplane design, the Sikorsky S-38 the closest analogue and possibly inspiration for this one. The little known but brilliant aircraft designer Dr Richard Vogt was hired away from Kawasaki Aircraft in Japan to join the Hamburger Flugzeugbau (HFB), bringing with him some highly innovative aircraft technologies. One of his first projects was the '''Ha 138''', a twin-engine seaplane with gull wing similar to the PBM or the Be-6 but with twin booms to the tail plane, all to keep them high above the water. Unfortunately, the also highly innovative Jumo 205 diesel engines were underperforming so a third engine was mounted on the fuselage as an expedient modification.
The first Ha 138 (V1) was, well, a failure. The fact it did not crash in tests was a minor miracle. The next one (V2) redesigned to be a straight wing with integrated middle engine was not much better, but the lessons from these early experiments were learned and V3 was scrapped half started.

With the company now called "Abteilung Flugzeugbau der Schiffswerft Blohm & Voss", "Blohm & Voss" for short, the manufacturer prefix was changed from "Ha" to "BV" (the only all capital letter Reichsluftfahrtministerium code) and the completely redesigned BV 138A-0 (V4) was built. All the shortcomings from the first two designs were eliminated and the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM) and the Luftwaffe (LW) was happy with the design and ordered it into production. There were still shortcomings with the underpowered engine, so to compensate mounting points for the HWK 109-500 booster rockets where added to aid in takeoff.

The original 138 was well armed aircraft for the period, sporting an early 20 mm cannon in the nose turret, very likely to attack boats and ships. Interestingly the bomb racks were added much later in the B version. It was literally a rack bolted under the right wing (and only the right wing), and could also carry small depth charges too. This was clearly an afterthought, and possibly a field modification for older units. The B version also sported standardized with MG 151 cannons (not clear if 15 mm was used at one time), the top turret being MG 15 or with the C model the MG 131. The BV138 also enjoyed an armoured fuel tank! The signature "Dr Vogt steel tube spar" was the main fuel tank, the wall was thick enough to resist machine gun rounds short of heavy AP cannon shells.

Called the "Flying Clog" for its wooden shoe-like hull shape, the plane was well liked by the crews. With an exceptionally long range and a comfortable cabin to work in, it was the eyes of the Kriegsmarine. Because the engines were diesel, it was common for the Flying Clogs to refuel from submarines at very distant locations.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=bv-138c-1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* [[PBY-5 (Family)]]
* [[PBM-1 "Mariner"]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7315-development-bv-138-c-1-ship-of-the-sky-en|[Devblog] BV 138 C-1: Ship of the sky]]
* [http://www.feldgrau.com/bv138.htm <nowiki>[Feldgrau]</nowiki> Blohm & Voss BV 138]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120210025648/http://home.swipnet.se/our_stuff/Planes/BV138.htm <nowiki>[SwipNet]</nowiki> BV 138]

{{AirManufacturer BlohmVoss}}
{{Germany bombers}}

Chi-Ha LG

2023-04-07T15:25:34Z

U118123450: /* Ammunition */

{{About
| about = Japanese medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Chi-Ha (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=jp_navy_120mm_spg
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}} / Long 12cm SPG''' ({{Annotation|長十二糎自走砲|Naga-Jūni Senchimētoru Ji Hashi-Hō}}) is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Raining Fire"]].

This one-off prototype was made with a 12cm cruiser gun placed on the hull of a Chi-Ha to provide firepower in the defence of the Japanese homeland if the Americans invaded.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

While it shares the hull of a regular Chi-Ha, the gun crew is almost completely exposed as the turret got removed in replacement of a naval gun. The gunshield itself is quite small and offers only protection against rifle calibre fire.

The best way of protecting the gun and keeping it operational is angling the gun itself when taking MG fire so that the gunner is always behind the breech, this will expose other gun crew but when taking close-range MG fire, there's not much else to do other than attempt to retreat while keeping the gun operational.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull)
* Structural steel (Gun breech and mount)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 25 mm || 25 mm || 20 mm
!
|-
| Gun shield || 10 mm ''Gun shield'' 10 mm ''Gun mantlet''
!
!
!
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels, tracks, and torsion bars are 15 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

While the hull and engine are the same, most non-essentials were scrapped from the Chi-Ha 12cm to reduce weight so the main gun wouldn't weigh an additional toll to the hull. After removing the turret, radio equipment, MGs and cuts in the hull, the tank comes down to almost the same weight of a regular [[Chi-Ha]] and hence performs the same.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=241|rbMinHp=150}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

As a glass-cannon sniper with hefty reload, modifications are down to personal preference, either get engine performance upgrades to get to a sniper spot sooner or get the gun upgraded so aiming it down on a target doesn't take too much time.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|10th Year Type (120 mm)}}

This gun shouldn't be confused with the one on the [[Chi-Ha Short Gun]], while said Chi-Ha has a short gun meant for transport ships on anti submarine & close range fire range, the 12cm/45 10th Year was used as coastal emplacements and outfitted on early Japanese cruisers. It offers a high velocity gun to fling HE over the map with quite an ease.

The 120mm cannon offers two ammunition types: a normal HE and an SAPCBC shot. It is highly recommended to only carry maximum SAPCBC, since you will need to make the 10 rounds count. besides, the SAPCBC has nearly the same equivalent of TNT in explosive filler, meaning that it will react the same way as HE upon hitting the groung or failing to pen.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[10th Year Type (120 mm)|120 mm 10th Year Type]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 10 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±60° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 8.80 || 12.19 || 14.80 || 16.37 || 17.41 || rowspan="2" | 13.00 || rowspan="2" | 11.50 || rowspan="2" | 10.60 || rowspan="2" | 10.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 5.95 || 7.00 || 8.50 || 9.40 || 10.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:10th Year Type (120 mm)/Ammunition|Ordinary Mod.1, C.P.(BF)}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''10''' || 1 ''(+9)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Note''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.

== Usage in battles ==

With its powerful gun but lacking protection, the Chi-Ha LG should be played as a sniper. The good muzzle velocity and powerful shells (with up 1.7 kg of explosive filler) make it a threat for every vehicle. However, being able to carry only 10 shells is a disadvantage. Staying near captured points is ideal to refill your ammunition storage when necessary but it will expose you to artillery strikes. With its massive gun and gun breech, enemy tanks will likely target you first, so stay behind bushes or cover. Also, staying near buildings or trees will give the enemy planes a harder time to see you. Avoid open fields. With its open gun shield, armour is non existent. Even 7,92 mm machine guns can knock out the whole crew (only the driver is protected). When no machine guns or autocannons are used by the enemy, the Chi-Ha LG can get very survivable. If the enemy fires a shell at you, they will most likely hit the driver or one of the two loaders, leaving the rest of the crew alive. Despite having a 120 mm gun with good muzzle velocity, it only has 103 mm of penetration: that means the "point and click" option won't always work, you have to aim shots precisely.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* [[M4A3 (105)]]: This low-rank Sherman has strong enough frontal armour, to withstand a 120 mm shell. Try shooting at the turret around the gun mantlet. It won't be easy, but a successful hit will reward you with a knock out.
* [[KV-1 (L-11)]]: This heavy tank could be a hard nut to crack for the LG if faced frontally. When the KV-1 is unangled, try to shoot the driver's port or the armour on the gun mantlet. When angled, shoot the armour near the gun mantlet only.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High shell velocity
* Quick reload for a gun of its size
* The C.P.(BF) combines the penetration of APHE and the splash-damage capability of HE. The explosion of a non-penetrating hit to a cupola can wreck the roof armour of a tank
* Versatile Chi-Ha chassis
** Quite fast (up to {{Annotation|44 km/h|Arcade battles}} | {{Annotation|39 km/h|Realistic / Simulator battles}}), allowing it to get to certain spots in time
** Great turning ability in low gear
** Lovely climbing ability, Good to get in sniper locations

'''Cons:'''

* Gun shield is small and thin, doesn't provide too much cover
* Only one crew member is inside the tank
** Vehicle can be destroyed due low caliber MG fire even with full crew
** Two loader crew in the back of the tank have no direct cover
* 10 shells max
* Ammunition is very exposed, one lucky shot can destroy the vehicle
* Shells might have some trouble penetrating the front armour of some tanks, especially in uptiers

== History ==

{{main|Chi-Ha (Family)|l1=History of the Type 97 Chi-Ha}}

As the Chi-Ha was very structurally sound and is able to withstand high amounts of additional weights while maintaining stable stress-levels and speed. This made it a great testbed for heavier weapons and equipment.

;Design

One of these additions/variants was a Japanese Navy Construction Headquarters refit of the Chi-Ha to carry the [[120 mm/45 10th year type (120 mm)|12 cm/45 10th Year naval cannon]] at the end of the war. Information of the development of the Chi-Ha Long Gun is scarce but what is certain is that they were to be constructed in defence of the homeland in-case of the highly probable American invasion, target allied armour and reposition after being shown.

Very slight changes took place with the most notable being the addition of a muzzle brake. The Chi-Ha would be simply used as a moving platform and hence all the default equipment from turret, hull machine gun, radio equipment and other interior pieces were stripped in exchange for ammo storage. The 12cm cannon was bolted on the hull and used similarly to the [[Archer]] in practice, firing from the rear to maintain recoil levels while firing.

The crew consisted out of 5 people; the driver, tank commander, two gun crew, and an ammunition carrier. The cannon could elevate 20° and decline to -10°. Operating the cannon wasn't an easy task either due to the set-up of the gun on the plain back of the Chi-Ha. On top of the fire rate of 2 shells per minute, this would take a massive toll once in actual combat.

;Usage

The first test took place in April of 1945 on mobility and firing. 30 shots were fired at varying distances with upgraded cannon sights, with the longest shot during the test being around 3 km. No discrete information about penetration capabilities were recorded or made it to the post-war reports.

While production plans were approved, no further vehicles beyond the prototype were recorded as being built or near completion by the end of the war.

The prototype recorded by the US was found with the Yokosuka 15th unit and is the only footage on said vehicle.

=== [[wt:en/news/6840-development-chi-ha-long-gun-the-last-chance-gun-en|Devblog]] ===
This curious prototype of a self-propelled gun was discovered in the territory of the Yokosuka naval base after Imperial Japan surrendered in WWII. The 120 mm naval gun was installed on a turntable mounted to the chassis of a Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tank. It was obvious, that the self-propelled gun was assembled in a rush - the high losses of Japan in the final stages of WWII and a shortage of military production forced the army and naval commands to look for any way to protect the island metropolia of the Empire from the threat of an Allied landing.

The self-propelled gun did not have any protection, the large calibre of the cannon and the weak platform of the medium tank presupposed firing mainly direct fire and in the rather limited arcs of forward and backward to avoid overturning due to the heavy recoil. Despite all these shortcomings, such vehicles were supposed to go into series for rapid deployment in dangerous sectors of the coastal defense line for the Japanese islands and firing at a line-of-sight distance at approaching enemy forces.

== Media ==

{{main|Chi-Ha (Family)#Media|l1=Media of the Type 97 Chi-Ha}}

;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=jp_navy_120mm_spg Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Chi-Ha Long Gun (1).png|
File:Chi-Ha Long Gun (3).png|
File:Chi-Ha Long Gun (2).png|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|GpCq7QDEjBk|'''The Shooting Range #220''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|-wIA6AuMBYo|Captured Experimental ''Long 12cm Chi-Ha''}}

== See also ==


;Related Development

* Directly Related:
** [[Chi-Ha Kai|Type 97 Chi-Ha]] (base hull)

* Related:
** [[Chi-Ha Short Gun|Type 97 Chi-Ha Short Gun]] (another navy variant)

;Tanks of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[8,8 cm Flak 37 Sfl.]]
* [[VFW]]
* [[YaG-10 (29-K)]]
* [[QF 3.7 Ram]]
* [[Pvkv II]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6840-development-chi-ha-long-gun-the-last-chance-gun-en|[Devblog] Chi-Ha Long Gun: The Last Chance Gun]]

{{ShipManufacturer Yokosuka Naval Arsenal}}
{{Japan tank destroyers}}

2C

2023-04-02T03:55:08Z

U118123450: /* Survivability and armour */

{{About
|about = French heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage = the other version
|link = 2C bis
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_char_2c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Sky Guardians"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

Armor protection is mediocre, at best. The frontal armor will do little to stop standard guns like the american 37 or the soviet 45, and the sides are vulnerable to autocannons or even the infamous M2 Browning. What you do have, however, is a whopping 12 crewmen, which means that even if your main crew has been disintegrated, you are still in the fight as long as you don't get an ammoracking.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

Mobility of the 2C is sluggish; good luck trying to rush capture points at the start. You do have an electric transmission, so you can at least reverse from a bad situation instead of needing to turn 180 like most tanks.

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
The 75mm, despite looking impressive, is best attributed as lackluster, even underpowered. Your penetration is on par with german short 75s, but unlike those it's your only ammo choice (Apart from the HE round). You have no HEAT shells to counter Matildas or Churchills, and you will suffer against shermans without proper support. Even your reload rate is inferior, with 5.5 seconds at max crew where pre-F2 Pz.IVs can already achieve about 4 seconds out of the box.{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|APX Canon de 75 mm modèle 1897 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[APX Canon de 75 mm modèle 1897 (75 mm)|75 mm APX Canon de 75 mm modèle 1897]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 128 || rowspan="2" | ±20° || rowspan="2" | ±140° || rowspan="2" | - || 8.1 || 11.2 || 13.6 || 15.0 || 16.0 || rowspan="2" | 7.15 || rowspan="2" | 6.32 || rowspan="2" | 5.83 || rowspan="2" | 5.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 5.9 || 7.0 || 8.5 || 9.4 || 10.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:APX Canon de 75 mm modèle 1897 (75 mm)/Ammunition|Mle1900, Mle1916}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''128''' || 97 ''(+31)'' || 67 ''(+61)'' || 61 ''(+67)'' || 55 ''(+73)'' || 28 ''(+100)'' || 1 ''(+127)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|Hotchkiss Mle 1914 (8 mm)}}

The 2 MGs on the 2C are of dubious utility. The front one has limited traverse arcs by virtue of being bow-mounted, so its use is limited to whatever you point your tank towards. THe rear turret is of more doubtful use, however, as it cannot fire to the front and, being a normal MG, lacks the power to damage anything short of open-tops.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Hotchkiss Mle 1914 (8 mm)|8 mm Hotchkiss Mle 1914]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Bow
| 5000(150) || 600rpm || __° || __°
|-
| Rear turret
| 5000(150) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Neutral steering gives the tank decent reflex mobility
* Can climb over rough terrain with ease due to its World War I design
* Reverse gearbox lets you pull out quickly of dangerous situations
* Has a dozen crew members, highly survivable
* Flank attacks from behind are easily shrugged off due to containing no essential crew
* Large unoccupied zones, can absorb shells

'''Cons:'''

* Awfully slow top speed
* Armour is mediocre at best, very vulnerable to high calibre HE or autocannons
* Limited turret traverse, very prone to flanking
* Poor elevation and depression angles
* Extremely large, easily spotted and hit

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{France heavy tanks}}

B1 bis

2023-03-18T06:37:46Z

U118123450: /* Usage in battles */

{{About
|about=French heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=the premium version
|link=B1 ter
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_b1_bis
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (Battle tank B1 "repeated") is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.75 "La Résistance"]]. With arguably the best armour at its BR, this tank is a beast in long-range engagements since it is hard to penetrate at distances. While not having the best armament, it should do the job taking care of these dangerous early SPGs and light tanks. The "bis" suffix is a French way of marking an improved version.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

In order to effectively use this tank's armour, there is a few things to consider. First of all, there are a lot of shot traps, the main ones being the turret ring and the hull gun mount, in order to minimize your enemies' chance to hit these weak spots, stay away from them. Second, even if your armour is very strong for the BR, do not completely rely on it by sitting around in an open field: you will eventually get hit where it hurts. The third thing to consider is your small and thick turret: hide that big clumsy hull behind a hill and pop out only your hard "head", take a shot, fall back, reload, repeat. If something goes wrong (i.e. getting shot in the turret ring), there is usually enough men left to take the job left by their dead "camarade". Do not bother getting spotted: it is your job to stay in the enemies' sights while your lighter teammates do what they ought to. In some situations, it can even be used as a breakthrough tank, rely on your own experience to guess when it is time to do so.

This tank will get penetrated by some seemingly harmless vehicles, such as the [[M3 Stuart (Family)|Stuarts]] or even a [[Pz.II (Family)|Pz.II]]. Any tank with more than 55 mm penetration will be able to pierce your hull side at close range with minimal angle. Thus it is crucial to always angle the hull.

When fighting the B1 bis, due to the extremely heavy frontal armour, one should try to use mobility to flank the B1. However, if that isn't possible, you'll want to try and hit the "mailslot" of the turret ring. It may be a tricky shot, but there's only ~40 mm of armour there.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, 47 mm gun mantlet)
* Cast homogeneous armour (turret, 75 mm gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 60 mm (7-62°) ''Front glacis'' 60 mm (32-48°) ''Lower glacis'' || 55 mm ''Center Mass'' 55 + 55 mm ''Border'' || 50 mm (1-47°) || 25 mm (77-89°)
|-
| Turret || 56 mm (0-46°) ''Turret front'' 56 mm (1-85°) ''Gun mantlet'' 56 mm (0-49°) ''Machine gun cover''|| 56 mm (2-19°) || 56 mm (18-19°) || 30 mm (62-89°)
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 48 mm (cylindrical) || 30 mm (spherical)
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Lower turret ring armour 40 mm thick, while upper turret ring armour is 25 + 40 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=396|rbMinHp=272}}

This tank's mobility won't allow you to position fast enough. Taking time is the only way to get where you want safely. Since this tank is pretty long and narrow, do not engage in cramped spaces since you will not be allowed to manoeuvre as you wish. Your reverse speed won't allow you to retreat if things get bad around you, stay behind the frontlines, making good use of your armour. Interestingly, the B1 has neutral steering which very much helps to aim the hull-mounted 75 mm gun or to angle the hull quickly.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|SA35 L/32 (47 mm)}}

With the same gun as most other Rank 2 French tanks, the B1 bis will never be recognized for having a fearsome armament: penetration rates are even lower than most reserve tanks. Although this turreted armament is only good at firing light targets such as SPGs (e.g. [[SU-76M]], [[Marder III]]) and light tanks (e.g. [[M5A1]], [[T-50]]), heavier targets (e.g. [[Pz.IV F2]], [[Cromwell (Family)|Cromwell]]) can still be penetrated with careful aiming and thorough knowledge on weak spots. The AP shell does a good job at breaking gun barrels and tracks, allowing the B1 bis to disarm/immobile an opponent prior to a flanking kill. The reload rate is average for its calibre but rather fast at this BR. Elevation and depression angles are very good but turret slewing rate is a bit slow: this tank has been designed to be hull-down.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[SA35 L/32 (47 mm)|47 mm SA35 L/32]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -15°/+18° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Shoulder || 8.1 || 11.2 || 13.6 || 15.0 || 16.0 || rowspan="2" | 5.20 || rowspan="2" | 4.60 || rowspan="2" | 4.24 || rowspan="2" | 4.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 6.0 || 7.0 || 8.5 || 9.4 || 10.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:SA35 L/32 (47 mm)/Ammunition|Mle1935, Mle1935 HE}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x200px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 39 ''(+11)'' || 27 ''(+23)'' || 25 ''(+25)'' || 23 ''(+27)'' || 21 ''(+29)''|| 11 ''(+39)''|| 1 ''(+49)''|| No
|-
|}
'''Note''':

* As they are modeled by sets of 2 to 4, shells disappear from the rack only after you've fired all shells in the set.
{{Break}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|SA35 L/17 (75 mm)}}

The hull-mounted 75 mm gun may be useless for most of the time, since to maximise its armour effectiveness the B1 has to angle a lot, and given the hull-mounted gun's extremely limited horizontal traverse it can hardly aim at anything while the hull is angling. It also has a very curved trajectory, slow projectile velocity and poor penetration, leading to a challenging usability. However this gun does have a very impressive -20° depression angle which is more than enough to deal with any slopes. Its post-penetration effect is also significantly better than the turreted 47 mm thanks to the 90 g TNT filling. Therefore, it should only be used as a close range defence device. Exposing your 75 mm gun for long range engagements not only makes you vulnerable, it is also mostly ineffective.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[SA35 L/17 (75 mm)|75 mm SA35 L/17]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 74 || rowspan="2" | -15°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±1° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 3.2 || 4.5 || 5.4 || 6.0 || 6.4 || rowspan="2" | 11.1 || rowspan="2" | 9.8 || rowspan="2" | 9.1 || rowspan="2" | 8.6
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 2.4 || 2.8 || 3.4 || 3.8 || 4.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:SA35 L/17 (75 mm)/Ammunition|Mle1910M, Mle1915}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! 12th rack empty
! 13th rack empty
! 14th rack empty
! 15th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''74''' || 68 ''(+6)'' || 64 ''(+10)'' || 62 ''(+12)'' || 60 ''(+14)'' || 56 ''(+18)'' || 53 ''(+21)'' || 38 ''(+36)'' || 36 ''(+38)'' || 25 ''(+49)'' || 23 ''(+51)'' || 21 ''(+53)'' || 14 ''(+60)'' || 9 ''(+65)'' || 3 ''(+71)'' || 1 ''(+73)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x200px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
Note:

* As they are modeled by sets of 2 to 4, shells disappear from the rack only after you've fired all shells in the set.
{{Break}}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|MAC 31 (7.5 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MAC 31 (7.5 mm)|7.5 mm MAC 31]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 5,100 (150) || 551 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
The small calibre of the MAC 31 machine gun makes it largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. It still can be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help or to mow down minor obstacles blocking your line of sight.

== Usage in battles ==

The Char B1, upon playing it for the first time will be slow in both acceleration, max speed and turret rotation speed. The hull gun takes more work to aim than that of the turret because of the limited firing arc it has. In order to aim it to any reasonable extent, the entire tank must be turned. However, careful use of it will reward a skilled tanker with devastating firepower compared to other Tier I tanks, with its high penetration and explosive filler. The best way to play the B1 bis is to hold down a position, preferably hull down (as its turret is thick and small, it will ricochet most shots it will take). Playing the B1 bis well, there are only 3 ways to get knocked out:

* Being outflanked by a light tank
* The enemy has been lucky enough to get a shot through a shot trap
* Meeting a dangerous gun

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* [[M3 Stuart (Family)|M3]]/[[M5 Stuart (Family)|M5 Stuart]] - These agile light tanks can be a dangerous threat to the clumsy B1. The Stuarts have good acceleration, great top speed regardless of the terrain, and fast hull traverse, allowing them to sneak up or charge at a B1 without getting hit. When they are close, their 37 mm cannons can easily penetrate your hull cannon mount, turret sides and hull sides, and their fast reload can knock out your crews one by one. To counter them, angle your hull for about 45 degrees, this way their small calibre shells tend to ricochet and will have a hard time to penetrate you. If they circle you, turn your hull and reverse at the same time to avoid them flanking, and if possible gain some separation. Target their hull, as their frontal turret is mostly covered by a curved gun mantlet which can cause non-penetrations.
* [[T-50]]/[[T-126]] - These light tanks have a thick and well-sloped armour will prevent you from piercing them anywhere on the front hull save for extreme circumstances when they are nose-down to you (i.e. in a ditch). These tanks also receive high-penetration 45 mm guns which can fire the potent APHEBC shot, or even APCR, and these will cut through your armour with relative ease. Your only chances of damaging them frontally are to disable their tracks and then gun, or get lucky and penetrate the turret front, which is theoretically possible to do so, but the weak nature of the B1's guns plus the curved nature of their turrets means that doing so outside of close range isn't advisable. Leave these to stronger teammates to deal with.
* [[Matilda III]]: This is perhaps one of the greatest threats to your existence. The only other infantry tank to serve at the same time as the B1 Bis, The Matilda boasts a near-solid 70+ mm of armour frontally, has 75 mm of armour all over the turret and 70 mm of side armour covered with side skirts. Only the rear hull (55 mm) is penetrable, and in any case the B1 is slow and sluggish, meaning that the Matilda, if not too crippled, can still ruin your day. The worst thing of all this, however, is that the Matilda boasts the 2-pounder; while not the best choice for its BR, it can still pierce your armour with relative ease if you haven't angled, meaning that a 1-vs-1 fight will almost certainly see the Matilda win hands-down. If you do see one in combat, floor the gas and start praying really hard that a friendly with a big gun also saw him.
* [[Churchill I]]: If you happen to Uptier the B1 Bis (which you really, ''really'' should not do under any circumstances as much as possible), this is greatest threat you can face within your BR range (unless you pair it up with 3.0 vehicles, in which case that's your own problem). The Churchill I is regarded in many circles as weak for its class, but in your context, it must be evaded at all costs. The Churchill's raw armor values make it 100% impervious to both of your guns, and again it has the 2 pounder to shred you apart. The rear plate of 50.8mm is not a true weakspot, since there are two overlapping 50mm plates at the rear. Even if shooting under the first one, the transmission will absorb anything you shoot, and the Churchill can turn its turret about and return fire. The only way to pierce a Churchill I is to fire directly through the small gap in the front mantlet, but this is a very tough shot to do.

'''Against the B1 bis:'''

'''Light tank/SPAA''': this is usually the type of vehicle that the B1 "bully" the most as some of their low penetrations simply do not allow them to punch through the B1's armour from any angle. However, apart from some reserve tanks, light tanks and SPAA may have shells with over 65 mm penetration, and that is enough to deal with a B1. First of all you must use your good mobility and get as close as possible, preferably when the B1 is busy dealing with other teammates so you can take your time to place every shell accurately. When fighting the B1 frontally, aim for the curved hull cannon mount, it will knock out the hull gunner. Or go for the near-vertical driver's port below the turret, it will knock out the driver and commander who is also the turret gunner. For tanks with extremely low penetration (e.g. early Japanese tanks) you cannot even penetrate the rear at point blank range. If this is the case, you can target the turret ring which is only ~40 mm thick. Just make sure that your shells impact the armour with as little angle as possible since popular small-calibre shells tend to ricochet on angled armour. Certain SPAA with access to high-penetration belts (e.g. [[Flakpanzer 38]]) can also complete the above tasks.

'''Medium tank''': medium vehicles may not be able to quickly sneak up next to a B1, but they usually come with a better cannon or better shells. Aim at the above areas, but watch out for the B1's guns, as you cannot move as fast a light tanks to get away. Angle your armour when needed, the B1's hull and turret gun will struggle against angled armour. If your penetration is over 55 mm you can try shooting at its side. Shoot anywhere and it will disable some crew or the engine. The tracks of the B1 bis are quite hard to break with a few shots since medium tanks' cannons at this tier are still of small calibres, so it is better to focus on scoring successful penetrations.

'''Heavy tank''': if your heavy vehicle sees a B1 bis, then it usually suggests that the B1 is fighting in an uptier, as there are not many heavy tanks with lower BR. As such, a typical low-tier heavy vehicle like [[Matilda III|Matilda]], [[Churchill I]] or even the [[Gun Carrier (3-in)]] all have superior armour to a B1. You can confidently sit face to face with a B1 and no need to hurry to aim. Given that these early heavy tanks still have quite small cannons, the weak spots remain the same. Wiggle your hull while you reload, the B1 still has some chance to penetrate your weak spots in return.

'''Tank destroyer''': tank destroyers around the B1 bis's BR will already have destructive firepower, so they will be the main force to counter B1 bis. For example, the [[LVT(A)(4) (ZiS-2) (China)|LVT(A)(4) (ZiS-2)]] and [[ZiS-30]]'s 57 mm guns can frontally penetrate a B1 anywhere, even through the sloped upper front plate. Tank destroyers with weaker guns (e.g. [[SU-76M]]) might scramble a bit, but their shorter cannons usually mean more explosives inside the shells, the B1's interior is not spacious so there is always a good chance to knock it out. However do be very careful, only go out to fire when the B1 is distracted, as its 2 cannons will not struggle to destroy a weakly protected tank destroyer with a salvo.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Overall good armour
** Very heavy frontal armour for its rank
** Strong turret from the front
** Good at sidescraping (thick sides)
** Nearly impenetrable hull when angled
** Armour is quite thick and curvy at the driver's port area
** The MAC 31's large drum can sometimes absorb shell fragments or smaller shells
* Decent firepower
** One of the best in-game depression (-18°, turret gun)
** Has 2 main armaments
** A rare feature on French tanks: it has APHE ammunition
** MAC 31 coaxial MG
** Turret gun has a shoulder stabiliser, which makes stop-and-shoot tactics effective

'''Cons:'''

* Armour has many shot traps, easing the task of killing it
** Fuel tank behind the grille lights up very often when penetrated
** Large turret ring is weak (25-40 mm poorly sloped)
** Hull gun mount is a weak spot and can be penetrated by most guns of the tier
** Crew is cramped
** Turret rear is only 38 mm thick
** Has a tall and "thin" cupola
** Literally has an hallway full of ammo in the back
* Guns feel lacking
** Lacking penetration from both of its guns
** Abysmal traverse on 75 mm gun (~1° left to right)
** Slow reload on the 75 mm
** Only stock ammo choices
** APHE shell won't detonate when shooting at light targets (25 mm or less armour)
** Hull gun is hard to master (not beginner-friendly)
* Mobility is subpar
** Not very mobile due to weight
** Slow hull turning rate
** Poor reverse speed

== History ==


Intended originally as a heavy infantry-support tank, the first prototype of the Char B dates back to January, 1929. Testing and altered design requirements led to the Char B1, which entered army service in late 1935. In total 35 of this earlier model had been built, but by the onset of war had been replaced in service. The successor B1 bis had heavier armour, a bigger engine, and a more powerful gun in a new turret (same as the Somua S35). Sophisticated and powerful for its time, it suffered from the one-man turret, poor communications, slow speed, a small operational radius, and difficulties in achieving mass production. The driver aimed and fired the bow-mounted howitzer and MG, which due to a lack of lateral traverse, had to be aimed by turning the tank. The complex steering system that enabled this, through a hydrostatically controlled auxiliary differential, proved particularly prone to breakdowns.

In May 1940, 243 B1 bis were deployed in combat units, out of 368 built. They formed the main striking force of France's four armoured divisions, with two battalions in each division, as well as five other independent tank companies (10 tanks per company).

In the 1940 Battle for France, only the German 88 mm guns could reliably defeat the B1 bis. Most were lost due to breakdown or fuel shortage.

161 B1 bis were captured by Germany, who replaced the 75 mm with a flamethrower in 60 of them, which served in France, Holland (including at Arnhem), the Balkans and Crimea. Another 16 were converted to self-propelled 105 mm howitzers. The Free French 13th Dragoons employed a squadron of 17 recaptured B1 bis in combat in 1945.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fr_b1_bis Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|4_cJ1CpEatw|'''Best gun depression''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:01 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|woJWg8E03HM|'''The Shooting Range #75''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:13 discusses the B1 bis and B1 ter.|e1e7dEJigJQ|'''The Shooting Range #74''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:47 discusses the origins of the B1.}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[B1 ter]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[M3 Lee]] / [[M3 Medium (USSR)]]
* [[Grant I]] / [[Grant I (USA)]]
* [[Churchill I]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Char_B1|[Wikipedia] Char B1]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/france/char_b1_bis.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Char B1/B1 bis]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=824 <nowiki>[Military Factory]</nowiki> Renault Char B1]

{{France heavy tanks}}

Sd.Kfz.222

2023-03-10T06:06:11Z

U118123450: mobility and protection

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_sdkfz_222
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Sky Guardians"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

Armor protection is, mediocre, to say the least. Almost the entire car is comprised of 8mm sloped steel plates, which is barely enough to stop normal 7.62mm AP bullets. HMGs and autocannons will be your biggest bain as they will easily shred your car up from any angle. In fact, if aimed at precisely from certain angles the 8mm of armor can be pierced by the larger coaxial MGs, such as British BESAs, swedish 8mm MGs and even your own 7.92 MG34s (this can be a rare occurance, but don't discount it). Only the front of the car, with a 30mm radiator housing and 14.5mm front plate, can offer protection against rifle caliber fire, but anything bigger than that will basically fling you back to the garage. The open turret also means that chemical shells (i.e. HE, HEAT and the HESH round from the Lancia 3ro) are an instant death even if they miss; avoid them at all times.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear
|-
| Hull || 30 mm RHA at 35° (lower front),
14.5mm RHA at 33°(upper front)
| 8 mm RHA at 35° (upper side), 8 mm RHA at 34° (lower side, sloped inwards) || 8mm RHA, sloped at 39°
|-
| Turret || 8 mm RHA at 33° (Turret front ) 8 mm Gun mantlet || 8mm RHA at 35° || 8mm RHA at 35°
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Mudguards and stowage boxes are 4mm structural steel
* Wheels (including the cosmetic one on the right side) are 10mm


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The Closest vehicle to the Sd.kfz 222 is its smaller brother, the Sd.kfz 221. The 221 is considerably faster than the 222 and has a better h.p per ton ratio, making it accelerate better, leading it to have better cruising capabilities. On the other hand, the 222 is easier to control at speed and can be brought to engage enemies much faster thanks to its slower speeds. Overall, like most armoured cars, the 222 will move rapidly on roads, less so on regular ground and will get bogged down in soft terrain.

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|KwK38 (20 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[KwK38 (20 mm)|20 mm KwK38]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 180 (10) || rowspan="2" | 450 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''Sprgr.:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''PzGr.:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}
* '''PzGr.40:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}

{{:KwK38 (20 mm)/Ammunition|HEFI-T*, API-T, HVAP-T}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''18''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG34 (7.92 mm)}}

''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG34]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany anti-aircraft vehicles}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

2C bis

2023-03-05T04:25:05Z

U118123450: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_char_2c_bis
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} French heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Apex Predators"]].

Often called a "super heavy" tank, the 2C bis is a modification of the FCM 2C. It differs from the standard 2C primarily in that it mounts a cast turret housing a 155 mm howitzer. It also lacks the machine gun mounts on the sides of the vehicle.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


Being comprised of large, flat, vertical armour plates, the 2C bis does not have a revolutionary armour scheme. Many dedicated anti-tank guns such as the Soviet 45 mm 45-K, the US 37 mm M5/M6 guns, and the British 40 mm 2-pounder can penetrate this tank frontally from medium to short range without any problem. Larger cannons will have no issue dealing with the 2C bis. Autocannons can also be a threat, especially from the thinly armoured sides. In fact, the lower hull sides are composed of 22mm plates, meaning that a skilled M2A2 or T-60 player can shred your sides with ease. However, some slight angling can somewhat mitigate this issue. The large tracks of the 2C bis can obscure the front plate and make it harder to penetrate. In addition, there are some fuel tanks and extra 22mm plates surrounding said fuel tanks, making for a nearly 50mm effective LoS thickness. (Those who have done their homework will know better than to shoot there, however.)

The 2C bis' true survivability lies in its crew count. 12 crew members are placed throughout the vehicle, meaning that even if the crew up front is entirely knocked out with an APHE shell, there are a number of aft-facing members ready to replace them. This can give the 2C bis a near comical amount of survivability as it can be continuously penetrated, seemingly disabled, and suddenly it can return to battle.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, side, side skirts, roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (turret, 155 mm gun mantlet, cupola)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 49 mm (0°) ''Front plate'' 22 mm (69°) ''Front glacis'' 15 mm (73°) Lower glacis
|22 mm (0°)|| 15 mm (62°) ''Top'' 22 mm (0°) ''Bottom''
| 13 mm (0°)
|-
| Turret || 35 mm ''Turret front'' 35 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 35 mm || 35 mm || 35 mm
|-
| Cupola || 30 mm || 30 mm ||30 mm||30 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The 2C bis utilizes a diesel-electric hybrid drive system. Two Sautter-Harlé inline 6 diesel engines power electric generators which then engage with electric motors at the rear sprocket. Like the Pz.Bef.Wg.VI P, this means that the 2C bis can neutral steer and theoretically go just as fast in reverse. In addition, the 2C bis accelerates to its top speed quickly, but this is only 15 km/h. The 2C will certainly be the last tank to the fight, but on the other hand the quick reverse acceleration can prove helpful in close quarters.

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Schneider 155 C (155 mm)}}

The 2C bis has a 155 mm Schneider howitzer in its two man cast turret. Its velocity is extremely low and its reload rate is abysmal. The armament takes time and practice to utilize effectively, especially with its limited elevation and depression angles. However, with 7.7 kg of filler, the Mle1915 shell will obliterate whatever it touches at the BR of the 2C bis. As long as the shell makes contact anywhere, it is almost guaranteed to knock a vehicle out. Open-topped vehicles can even be knocked out by splash damage, as this is basically an artillery piece on tracks.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Schneider 155 C (155 mm)|155 mm Schneider 155 C]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 24 || rowspan="2" | ±10° || rowspan="2" | ±100° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 8.1 || 11.2 || 13.6 || 15.0 || 16.0 || rowspan="2" | 22.4 || rowspan="2" | 19.8 || rowspan="2" | 18.2 || rowspan="2" | 17.2
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 6.0 || 7.0 || 8.5 || 9.4 || 10.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Schneider 155 C (155 mm)/Ammunition|Mle1915}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''24''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|Hotchkiss Mle 1914 (8 mm)}}

The rear turret has decent horizontal arcs but suffers from rather poor vertical arcs and slow rotation speed, making this turret very situational. The frontal machine gun can be used to knock small obstacles out of the way as to prevent the HE shell from detonating on them.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Hotchkiss Mle 1914 (8 mm)|8 mm Hotchkiss Mle 1914]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Hull || 5,000 (250) || 450 || __° || __°
|-
| Rear || 5,000 (250) || 450 || __° || -130°/+120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

As stated before, slight angling at longer ranges can increase survivability and make the armour somewhat useful. If you are not sure about how far a target is, use the rangefinder, even at close range. It is actually rather fast in the 2C bis, and a miss will have you waiting a long time to reload. The dreadful top speed will sometimes work in your favour, being that the first "wave" of enemy vehicles has already been dealt with. The 2C bis does not do well against multiple vehicles. The quick reverse acceleration can work in your favour in urban environments.

Sitting in the rear and lobbing artillery at the enemy is a possible strategy, but the low velocity and high arc of the rounds make this difficult. Eventually, a dedicated anti-tank SPG will likely disable or knock out the vehicle. The 2C bis performs better at mid-range encounters where tracking targets can be easier. Surprisingly, despite its size, getting "Shadow Strikes" is possible in urban areas. Use your machine guns to clear obstacles that may trigger the HE shell's fuse prematurely.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has a dozen crew members, highly survivable
* 155 mm howitzer will decimate anything even above its BR
* Neutral steering gives the tank decent reflex mobility
* Can climb over rough terrain with ease due to its World War I design

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely huge, easily spotted and targeted by any enemy
* 155 mm howitzer has very long reload time and awful shell velocity
* Awfully slow top speed
* Armour is mediocre at best
* Limited turret traverse, very prone to flanking
* Poor elevation and depression angles

== History ==

The FCM 2C was a French "super heavy" tank designed to conquer the "no man's land" of WW1. It was dimensionally the largest tank ever produced, and for a time the heaviest. Ready for production by February 1918, the war ended before any of the vehicles were completed, and so the order of 300 was eventually reduced to just 10, finished in 1921. The standard 2C mounted a 75 mm APX 1897 field gun, similar to the cannon which would be mounted on the [[M3 GMC]] tank destroyer. The 2C had many innovative design features for the time, including a hybrid drive, leaf spring suspension, the world's first three-man turret, and stroboscopic cupolas. All of the 2Cs were named after ancient regions of France.

One 2C, No. 99 "Champagne", was given a new two-man cast turret with a 155 mm howitzer. The commander was given his own compartment behind the turret. The side machine gun ports were also removed. This variant would be known as the 2C bis. Eventually, Champagne would be returned to its original configuration and its turret would be used as a makeshift static emplacement in the Mareth Line. Champagne would be the only 2C to survive the invasion of France, with the other nine tanks either being scuttled by their own crew to prevent capture, or breaking down.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fr_char_2c_bis Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|3kVkp5-IeNQ|'''The Shooting Range #340''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:35 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|JzwvDeihMT8|'''The Shooting Range #339''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:24 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|QmaE2bomv14|'''Giant Derp Land Battleship - 155mm 70 ton Monster''' - ''PhlyDaily''|vdHmTGTPa20|'''Trenchwarmer - Char 2C''' - ''Tank Encyclopedia''}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8033-development-char-2bis-the-beast-of-champagne-en|[Devblog] Char 2bis: the Beast of Champagne]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/france/fcm-2c.php <nowiki>[Tank Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Char 2C]

{{France heavy tanks}}
{{France premium ground vehicles}}

B1 bis

2023-03-03T09:13:12Z

U118123450: /* Usage in battles */

{{About
|about=French heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=the premium version
|link=B1 ter
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_b1_bis
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (Battle tank B1 "repeated") is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.75 "La Résistance"]]. With arguably the best armour at its BR, this tank is a beast in long-range engagements since it is hard to penetrate at distances. While not having the best armament, it should do the job taking care of these dangerous early SPGs and light tanks. The "bis" suffix is a French way of marking an improved version.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

In order to effectively use this tank's armour, there is a few things to consider. First of all, there are a lot of shot traps, the main ones being the turret ring and the hull gun mount, in order to minimize your enemies' chance to hit these weak spots, stay away from them. Second, even if your armour is very strong for the BR, do not completely rely on it by sitting around in an open field: you will eventually get hit where it hurts. The third thing to consider is your small and thick turret: hide that big clumsy hull behind a hill and pop out only your hard "head", take a shot, fall back, reload, repeat. If something goes wrong (i.e. getting shot in the turret ring), there is usually enough men left to take the job left by their dead "camarade". Do not bother getting spotted: it is your job to stay in the enemies' sights while your lighter teammates do what they ought to. In some situations, it can even be used as a breakthrough tank, rely on your own experience to guess when it is time to do so.

This tank will get penetrated by some seemingly harmless vehicles, such as the [[M3 Stuart (Family)|Stuarts]] or even a [[Pz.II (Family)|Pz.II]]. Any tank with more than 55 mm penetration will be able to pierce your hull side at close range with minimal angle. Thus it is crucial to always angle the hull.

When fighting the B1 bis, due to the extremely heavy frontal armour, one should try to use mobility to flank the B1. However, if that isn't possible, you'll want to try and hit the "mailslot" of the turret ring. It may be a tricky shot, but there's only ~40 mm of armour there.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, 47 mm gun mantlet)
* Cast homogeneous armour (turret, 75 mm gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 60 mm (7-62°) ''Front glacis'' 60 mm (32-48°) ''Lower glacis'' || 55 mm ''Center Mass'' 55 + 55 mm ''Border'' || 50 mm (1-47°) || 25 mm (77-89°)
|-
| Turret || 56 mm (0-46°) ''Turret front'' 56 mm (1-85°) ''Gun mantlet'' 56 mm (0-49°) ''Machine gun cover''|| 56 mm (2-19°) || 56 mm (18-19°) || 30 mm (62-89°)
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 48 mm (cylindrical) || 30 mm (spherical)
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Lower turret ring armour 40 mm thick, while upper turret ring armour is 25 + 40 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=396|rbMinHp=272}}

This tank's mobility won't allow you to position fast enough. Taking time is the only way to get where you want safely. Since this tank is pretty long and narrow, do not engage in cramped spaces since you will not be allowed to manoeuvre as you wish. Your reverse speed won't allow you to retreat if things get bad around you, stay behind the frontlines, making good use of your armour. Interestingly, the B1 has neutral steering which very much helps to aim the hull-mounted 75 mm gun or to angle the hull quickly.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|SA35 L/32 (47 mm)}}

With the same gun as most other Rank 2 French tanks, the B1 bis will never be recognized for having a fearsome armament: penetration rates are even lower than most reserve tanks. Although this turreted armament is only good at firing light targets such as SPGs (e.g. [[SU-76M]], [[Marder III]]) and light tanks (e.g. [[M5A1]], [[T-50]]), heavier targets (e.g. [[Pz.IV F2]], [[Cromwell (Family)|Cromwell]]) can still be penetrated with careful aiming and thorough knowledge on weak spots. The AP shell does a good job at breaking gun barrels and tracks, allowing the B1 bis to disarm/immobile an opponent prior to a flanking kill. The reload rate is average for its calibre but rather fast at this BR. Elevation and depression angles are very good but turret slewing rate is a bit slow: this tank has been designed to be hull-down.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[SA35 L/32 (47 mm)|47 mm SA35 L/32]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -15°/+18° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Shoulder || 8.1 || 11.2 || 13.6 || 15.0 || 16.0 || rowspan="2" | 5.20 || rowspan="2" | 4.60 || rowspan="2" | 4.24 || rowspan="2" | 4.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 6.0 || 7.0 || 8.5 || 9.4 || 10.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:SA35 L/32 (47 mm)/Ammunition|Mle1935, Mle1935 HE}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x200px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 39 ''(+11)'' || 27 ''(+23)'' || 25 ''(+25)'' || 23 ''(+27)'' || 21 ''(+29)''|| 11 ''(+39)''|| 1 ''(+49)''|| No
|-
|}
'''Note''':

* As they are modeled by sets of 2 to 4, shells disappear from the rack only after you've fired all shells in the set.
{{Break}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|SA35 L/17 (75 mm)}}

The hull-mounted 75 mm gun may be useless for most of the time, since to maximise its armour effectiveness the B1 has to angle a lot, and given the hull-mounted gun's extremely limited horizontal traverse it can hardly aim at anything while the hull is angling. It also has a very curved trajectory, slow projectile velocity and poor penetration, leading to a challenging usability. However this gun does have a very impressive -20° depression angle which is more than enough to deal with any slopes. Its post-penetration effect is also significantly better than the turreted 47 mm thanks to the 90 g TNT filling. Therefore, it should only be used as a close range defence device. Exposing your 75 mm gun for long range engagements not only makes you vulnerable, it is also mostly ineffective.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[SA35 L/17 (75 mm)|75 mm SA35 L/17]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 74 || rowspan="2" | -15°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±1° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 3.2 || 4.5 || 5.4 || 6.0 || 6.4 || rowspan="2" | 11.1 || rowspan="2" | 9.8 || rowspan="2" | 9.1 || rowspan="2" | 8.6
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 2.4 || 2.8 || 3.4 || 3.8 || 4.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:SA35 L/17 (75 mm)/Ammunition|Mle1910M, Mle1915}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! 12th rack empty
! 13th rack empty
! 14th rack empty
! 15th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''74''' || 68 ''(+6)'' || 64 ''(+10)'' || 62 ''(+12)'' || 60 ''(+14)'' || 56 ''(+18)'' || 53 ''(+21)'' || 38 ''(+36)'' || 36 ''(+38)'' || 25 ''(+49)'' || 23 ''(+51)'' || 21 ''(+53)'' || 14 ''(+60)'' || 9 ''(+65)'' || 3 ''(+71)'' || 1 ''(+73)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x200px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
Note:

* As they are modeled by sets of 2 to 4, shells disappear from the rack only after you've fired all shells in the set.
{{Break}}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|MAC 31 (7.5 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MAC 31 (7.5 mm)|7.5 mm MAC 31]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 5,100 (150) || 551 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
The small calibre of the MAC 31 machine gun makes it largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. It still can be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help or to mow down minor obstacles blocking your line of sight.

== Usage in battles ==

The Char B1, upon playing it for the first time will be slow in both acceleration, max speed and turret rotation speed. The hull gun takes more work to aim than that of the turret because of the limited firing arc it has. In order to aim it to any reasonable extent, the entire tank must be turned. However, careful use of it will reward a skilled tanker with devastating firepower compared to other Tier I tanks, with its high penetration and explosive filler. The best way to play the B1 bis is to hold down a position, preferably hull down (as its turret is thick and small, it will ricochet most shots it will take). Playing the B1 bis well, there are only 3 ways to get knocked out:

* Being outflanked by a light tank
* The enemy has been lucky enough to get a shot through a shot trap
* Meeting a dangerous gun

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* M3/M5 Stuart: as previously mentioned, light tanks can be a dangerous threat to the clumsy B1. The Stuarts have good acceleration, great top speed regardless of the terrain, and fast hull traverse, allowing them to sneak up or charge at a B1 without getting hit. When they are close, their 37 mm cannons can easily penetrate your hull cannon mount, turret sides and hull sides, and their fast reload can knock out your crews one by one. To counter them, angle your hull for about 45 degrees, this way their small calibre shells tend to ricochet and will have a hard time to penetrate you. If they circle you, turn your hull and reverse at the same time to avoid them flanking, and if possible gain some separation. Target their hull, as their frontal turret is mostly covered by a curved gun mantlet which can cause non-penetrations.
* T-50/T-126: These light tanks are only 'light' in name; their thick and well-sloped armor will prevent you from piercing them anywhere on the front hull save for extreme circumstances when they are nose-down to you (i.e. in a ditch). These tanks also receive high-penetration 45mm guns which can fire the potent APHEBC shot, or even APCR, and these will cut through your armor with relative ease. Your only chances of damaging them frontally are to disable their tracks and then gun, or get lucky and penetrate the turret front, which is theoretically possible to do so, but the weak nature of the B1's guns plus the curved nature of their turrets means that doing so outside of close range isn't advisable. Leave these to stronger teammates to deal with.
* Matilda III: This is perhaps the greatest threat to your existence. The only other infantry tank to serve at the same time as the B1 Bis, The Matilda boasts a near-solid 70+mm of armor frontally, has 75mm of armor all over the turret and 70mm of side armor covered with side skirts. Only the rear hull (55mm) is penetrable, and in any case the B1 is slow and sluggish, meaning that the Matilda, if not too crippled, can still ruin your day. The worst thing of all this, however, is that the Matilda boasts the 2-pounder; while not the best choice for 2.7, it can still pierce your armor with relative ease if you haven't angled, meaning that a 1-on-1 fight will almost certainly see the Matilda win hands-down. If you do see one in combat, floor the gas and start praying really hard that a friendly with a big gun also saw him.

'''Against the B1 bis:'''

'''Light tank/SPAA''': this is usually the type of vehicle that the B1 "bully" the most as some of their low penetrations simply do not allow them to punch through the B1's armour from any angle. However, apart from some reserve tanks, light tanks and SPAA may have shells with over 65 mm penetration, and that is enough to deal with a B1. First of all you must use your good mobility and get as close as possible, preferably when the B1 is busy dealing with other teammates so you can take your time to place every shell accurately. When fighting the B1 frontally, aim for the curved hull cannon mount, it will knock out the hull gunner. Or go for the near-vertical driver's port below the turret, it will knock out the driver and commander who is also the turret gunner. For tanks with extremely low penetration (e.g. early Japanese tanks) you cannot even penetrate the rear at point blank range. If this is the case, you can target the turret ring which is only ~40 mm thick. Just make sure that your shells impact the armour with as little angle as possible since popular small-calibre shells tend to ricochet on angled armour. Certain SPAA with access to high-penetration belts (e.g. [[Flakpanzer 38]]) can also complete the above tasks.

'''Medium tank''': medium vehicles may not be able to quickly sneak up next to a B1, but they usually come with a better cannon or better shells. Aim at the above areas, but watch out for the B1's guns, as you cannot move as fast a light tanks to get away. Angle your armour when needed, the B1's hull and turret gun will struggle against angled armour. If your penetration is over 55 mm you can try shooting at its side. Shoot anywhere and it will disable some crew or the engine. The tracks of the B1 bis are quite hard to break with a few shots since medium tanks' cannons at this tier are still of small calibres, so it is better to focus on scoring successful penetrations.

'''Heavy tank''': if your heavy vehicle sees a B1 bis, then it usually suggests that the B1 is fighting in an uptier, as there are not many heavy tanks with lower BR. As such, a typical low-tier heavy vehicle like [[Matilda III|Matilda]], [[Churchill I]] or even the [[Gun Carrier (3-in)]] all have superior armour to a B1. You can confidently sit face to face with a B1 and no need to hurry to aim. Given that these early heavy tanks still have quite small cannons, the weak spots remain the same. Wiggle your hull while you reload, the B1 still has some chance to penetrate your weak spots in return.

'''Tank destroyer''': tank destroyers around the B1 bis's BR will already have destructive firepower, so they will be the main force to counter B1 bis. For example, the [[LVT(A)(4) (ZiS-2) (China)|LVT(A)(4) (ZiS-2)]] and [[ZiS-30]]'s 57 mm guns can frontally penetrate a B1 anywhere, even through the sloped upper front plate. Tank destroyers with weaker guns (e.g. [[SU-76M]]) might scramble a bit, but their shorter cannons usually mean more explosives inside the shells, the B1's interior is not spacious so there is always a good chance to knock it out. However do be very careful, only go out to fire when the B1 is distracted, as its 2 cannons will not struggle to destroy a weakly protected tank destroyer with a salvo.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Overall good armour
** Very heavy frontal armour for its rank
** Strong turret from the front
** Good at sidescraping (thick sides)
** Nearly impenetrable hull when angled
** Armour is quite thick and curvy at the driver's port area
** The MAC 31's large drum can sometimes absorb shell fragments or smaller shells
* Decent firepower
** One of the best in-game depression (-18°, turret gun)
** Has 2 main armaments
** A rare feature on French tanks: it has APHE ammunition
** MAC 31 coaxial MG
** Turret gun has a shoulder stabiliser, which makes stop-and-shoot tactics effective

'''Cons:'''

* Armour has many shot traps, easing the task of killing it
** Fuel tank behind the grille lights up very often when penetrated
** Large turret ring is weak (25-40 mm poorly sloped)
** Hull gun mount is a weak spot and can be penetrated by most guns of the tier
** Crew is cramped
** Turret rear is only 38 mm thick
** Has a tall and "thin" cupola
** Literally has an hallway full of ammo in the back
* Guns feel lacking
** Lacking penetration from both of its guns
** Abysmal traverse on 75 mm gun (~1° left to right)
** Slow reload on the 75 mm
** Only stock ammo choices
** APHE shell won't detonate when shooting at light targets (25 mm or less armour)
** Hull gun is hard to master (not beginner-friendly)
* Mobility is subpar
** Not very mobile due to weight
** Slow hull turning rate
** Poor reverse speed

== History ==


Intended originally as a heavy infantry-support tank, the first prototype of the Char B dates back to January, 1929. Testing and altered design requirements led to the Char B1, which entered army service in late 1935. In total 35 of this earlier model had been built, but by the onset of war had been replaced in service. The successor B1 bis had heavier armour, a bigger engine, and a more powerful gun in a new turret (same as the Somua S35). Sophisticated and powerful for its time, it suffered from the one-man turret, poor communications, slow speed, a small operational radius, and difficulties in achieving mass production. The driver aimed and fired the bow-mounted howitzer and MG, which due to a lack of lateral traverse, had to be aimed by turning the tank. The complex steering system that enabled this, through a hydrostatically controlled auxiliary differential, proved particularly prone to breakdowns.

In May 1940, 243 B1 bis were deployed in combat units, out of 368 built. They formed the main striking force of France's four armoured divisions, with two battalions in each division, as well as five other independent tank companies (10 tanks per company).

In the 1940 Battle for France, only the German 88 mm guns could reliably defeat the B1 bis. Most were lost due to breakdown or fuel shortage.

161 B1 bis were captured by Germany, who replaced the 75 mm with a flamethrower in 60 of them, which served in France, Holland (including at Arnhem), the Balkans and Crimea. Another 16 were converted to self-propelled 105 mm howitzers. The Free French 13th Dragoons employed a squadron of 17 recaptured B1 bis in combat in 1945.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fr_b1_bis Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|4_cJ1CpEatw|'''Best gun depression''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:01 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|woJWg8E03HM|'''The Shooting Range #75''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:13 discusses the B1 bis and B1 ter.|e1e7dEJigJQ|'''The Shooting Range #74''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:47 discusses the origins of the B1.}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[B1 ter]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[M3 Lee]] / [[M3 Medium (USSR)]]
* [[Grant I]] / [[Grant I (USA)]]
* [[Churchill I]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Char_B1|[Wikipedia] Char B1]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/france/char_b1_bis.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Char B1/B1 bis]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=824 <nowiki>[Military Factory]</nowiki> Renault Char B1]

{{France heavy tanks}}

AS 42/47

2023-03-01T09:51:34Z

U118123450: /* Survivability and armour */

{{About
| about = Italian tank destroyer '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the SPAA version
| link = AS 42
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_as_42_47
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_AS_42-47.jpg|ArtImage AS 42-47.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Fire and Ice"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Structural steel (chassis, gun breech, gun mount)
* Wheel (tires & spares)
* Gun Steel (cannon barrel)

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Armour!!Front (Slope angle)!!Sides!!Rear!!Roof
|-
|Chassis|| colspan="4" |3 mm
|-
|Gun mount|| colspan="3" |150 mm ''Gun Breech'' 20 mm ''Gunner's Seat'' 20 mm ''Elevation and Traverse Mechanisms''
|N/A
|-
|}

The armor on the AS 42/47 is as strong as that on the AS 42, which is to say, ''non-existent.'' Even a good spray of bullets from a GAZ-AAA (4M), which has one of the worst maximum penetration values in the game, can quickly shred the fully exposed gun crew

'''Notes:'''

* Tires are 10 mm thick.
* There is a spare tire on the front and on the rear of the vehicle.
* Storage boxes, fuel containers and fenders are 3 mm thick.
* Storage Boxes and fuel Containers cover much of the flanks in addition to the chassis armour.
* The belly of the car is 3 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


The AS-42/47 has very high mobility with speeds exceeding 80 km/h on concrete and 35 km/h offroad.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=156|rbMinHp=97}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|47/32 mod.39 (47 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[47/32 mod.39 (47 mm)|47 mm 47/32 mod.39]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 312 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±150° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 30.8 || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | 3.8 || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 20.8 || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

The armament present on '''AS 42 47/32''', in other words the 47mm cannon ([[47/32 mod.39 (47 mm)|47/32]]) that you can also find on [[M13/40 (Family)|M13/40s]], [[M14/41|M14/41s]] is a cannon with mediocre penetration, the shots present for research are really similar and only the penetration changes.

The excellent reloading of the cannon allows the vehicle to fire quickly, in particular AS 42 at its BR can encounter lightly armoured targets and this makes it capable of destroying ground targets easily, meanwhile if we talk about destroying air targets, it would be better to use its AA version armed with a 20mm cannon ([[AS 42]]).

==== Ammunition ====
{{:47/32 mod.39 (47 mm)/Ammunition|Granata Perforante mod.35, Granata Perforante mod.39}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_AS_42-47.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
|-
| '''312''' || 274 ''(+38)'' || 235 ''(+77)'' || 196 ''(+116)'' || 157 ''(+155)''
|-
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| 118 ''(+194)'' || 79 ''(+233)'' || 40 ''(+272)'' || 1 ''(+311)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* As they are modeled by sets of 3, shells disappear from the rack only after you've fired all shells in the set.
* To go into battle with the right side empty, load 157 ''(+155)'' shells.

== Usage in battles ==

The AS 42/47 should be mainly used for flanking. It has the speed to reach flanking positions before the enemy does. The gun, while not impressive, has enough penetration and explosive filler to knock out most tanks that it can meet, especially when you hit them from the side. However, the penetration is still not very good, and as such the AS 42/47 suffers when uptiered with the B1 and SU-122 being your worst nightmares as even the sides of them are nearly immune to your gun. Armour-wise, it practically doesn't have any as the crew is completely exposed, making every near exploding artillery shell, machine gun of any size, aircraft strafing, or HE shell a serious threat. That's why you shouldn't drive to choke and capture points with a lot of artillery shelling. Use your speed to change position constantly and don't shoot multiple times from the same position as that could attract an artillery strike from the enemy and with that a free ticket back to the respawn screen.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fast on paved roads, quick to reposition
* High reverse speed (-22 km/h) allows it to pull out of danger safely
* Very small profile, easier to conceal
* 47 mm cannon has enough penetration and explosives to frontally penetrate & knock out most opponents
* -8° gun depression plus low gun mount makes hilly terrain combat effective
* Huge ammo capacity of 300+ rounds allows prolonged battle

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely low survivability, anything can destroy it easily (MG bullets, shrapnels, overpressure)
* Wheeled design becomes sluggish off-road
* 5-second reload is not very fast for its calibre
* Cannon cannot rotate to the rear which may be dangerous in some situations

== History ==

The AS (Autosahariana) 42 was derived from the AB 41 armoured car. It was, however, unarmoured and did not have the rear driver position. Designed for long-range reconnaissance in North Africa, it had a cross country range of almost 500 miles (800 km). It was also known as the Camionetta Desertica (Desert Weapons Carrier) mod. 42, or "la Sahariana" (the Saharan). The main armament varied: 20 mm anti-aircraft cannons (see the [[AS 42]] entry for details), 20 mm anti-tank rifles, and machine guns were common alternatives. For heavier firepower, some were fitted with a Breda M35 47 mm anti-tank gun, which is the variant described in this article. About 200 were built and saw service in North Africa, Sicily and Italy. After the armistice, some continued in use with Fascist Italian forces and Germany, including on the Eastern Front, and in the Ardennes in 1944-45.

Post-war, about a dozen survivors, painted amaranth red and disarmed, were used by the Polizia di Stato in Udine and Bologna.<ref>[[wikipedia:SPA-Viberti_AS.42|[Wikipedia] SPA-Viberti AS.42]]</ref>

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_as_42_47 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|pqIEFBoiv3I|'''The Shooting Range #332''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:26 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[AS 42]]

== links ==


=== References ===
<references />

{{Italy tank destroyers}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

AS 42

2023-03-01T09:36:46Z

U118123450: Mobility, Firepower and survivability

{{About
| about = Italian SPAA '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the tank destroyer version
| link = AS 42/47
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_as_42_metropolitana
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened as just '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian self-propelled anti-aircraft gun {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Structural steel (chassis, gun breech, gun mount)
* Wheel (tires & spares)
* Gun Steel (cannon barrel)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Chassis || colspan="4" style="text-align:center" | 3 mm
|-
| Gun mount || colspan="3" | 150 mm ''Gun Breech'' 20 mm ''Gunner's Seat'' 20 mm ''Elevation and Traverse Mechanisms'' || N/A
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Tires are 10 mm thick. * There is a spare tire on the front and on the rear of the vehicle.
* Storage boxes, fuel containers and fenders are 3 mm thick.
* Storage Boxes and fuel Containers cover much of the flanks in addition to the chassis armour.
* The belly of the car is 3 mm thick.

The {{PAGENAME}} lacks in armour and is very vulnerable to attacks from the air. While the sloped 3 mm of armour and spare whell of 10mm on the front may be sufficient against standard machine guns, most heavy machine guns are able to shred this vehicle and as such it is not recommended to engage in slugging matches.

Though the armour itself is not sufficient against heavy machine guns, it is possible to use the rear engine compartment as armour to protect the crew from the heavy machine guns projectiles. The ammunition compartments at the sides of the vehicle may stop machine guns from penetrating all the way through to harm the crew, but these have dubious protection values in the long run. However, due to these extreme thin armour thickness, standard armour-piercing rounds tend to penetrate straight through with minimal damage. In addition, the gun cannot traverse to fire directly at the back of the AS 42, and in any case the gunner is fully exposed. Your best protection is going to be hard cover and the element of surprise; don't let the enemy get a shot at you, or you are almost certainly dead

The {{PAGENAME}} has 2 crew with ammo located in the flanks of the car. In rare cases, the gun's armour can protect the gunner.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=156|rbMinHp=97}}

The tank has very high mobility with speeds exceeding 80 km/h on concrete and 35 km/h offroad. The 4x2 configuration severely reduces the AS 42's effectiveness in soft terrain (snow, mud) and cannot turn on the spot. It is best used in roads of sufficient width or open, hilly terrain.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Breda Mod.35 (20 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Breda Mod.35 (20 mm)|20 mm Breda Mod.35]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 1,200 (12) || rowspan="2" | 240 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+90° || rowspan="2" | ±150° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 30.8 || 42.7 || 51.8 || 57.3 || 60.9 || rowspan="2" | 3.90 || rowspan="2" | 3.45 || rowspan="2" | 3.18 || rowspan="2" | 3.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 20.8 || 24.5 || 29.8 || 32.9 || 35.0
|-
|}

Your sole armament is a longer-barreled, bigger mag-sized and faster reloading version of the 20mm autocannon found on the L6/40 and AB 41, with similar belt composition. For an anti-aircraft gun the gun has an inferior magazine size and fire rate compared to its closest contemporary, the [[Flakpanzer I]]. In addition, the nature of the AS 42 chassis means that you don't have 360 traverse, something that can be fatal when engaging aircraft or enemy tanks. The smaller nature of the AS 42's profile makes it easier to conceal in Realistic fights, which compensates somewhat for the inferior gun.

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - The belt composition means that 75% of the shells (HEFI-T*) are useless against tanks. However, this belt is reliable against open-topped or lightly armoured targets like SPAA vehicles.

* '''Granata mod.35:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - This belt does little damage against armoured targets and should be used especially against aircraft or open-topped vehicles. The high-explosive filler is deadly to crew members.

* '''Perforante mod.35:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} - This belt offers a good transition from the Default to the PzGr 40 belt. The round offers decent damage against lightly armoured tanks, especially at close range. Due to lack of high-explosive filler, however, it is better to focus on the PzGr 40 belt to maximize penetration power.

* '''PzGr 40:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} - Probably the belt with the best penetrating shell for the vehicle. While the damage effects post-penetration can be quite poor, the rapid fire from the autocannon can remedy this problem by following up quickly with another penetrating shot. In close combat, these shells should be used against modules and crew member to make the most of each shell. Against angled armour, however, the HVAP ammo may not be very effective.

{{:Breda Mod.35 (20 mm)/Ammunition|HEFI-T*, API-T, HVAP-T}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
|-
| '''100''' || 94 ''(+6)'' || 88 ''(+12)'' || 82 ''(+18)'' || 76 ''(+24)'' || 70 ''(+30)'' || 64 ''(+36)'' || 58 ''(+42)'' || 52 ''(+48)'' || 46 ''(+54)''
|-
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! 12th rack empty
! 13th rack empty
! 14th rack empty
! 15th rack empty
! 16th rack empty
! 17th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
!
|-
| 40 ''(+60)'' || 34 ''(+66)'' || 28 ''(+72)'' || 22 ''(+78)'' || 16 ''(+84)'' || 10 ''(+90)'' || 4 ''(+96)'' || 0 ''(+100)'' || Yes
!
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* The visual discrepancy is the rack 17. It contains 4 clips whereas only one is modeled.
* Racks 1 to 16 contain 6 clips each.
* Clips are modeled by sets of 2 and disappear from the rack after you've fired/loaded both clips in the set.

== Usage in battles ==


;Combat tactics

The main role of the {{PAGENAME}} is as an anti-air asset. Position the vehicle in an open space to be able to detect aircraft from a distance, usually near your spawn point. You can move forward and stay close to your teammates to offer the best AA support but you'll then become target to enemy tanks (especially with artillery strikes and MG fire). Engage approaching aircraft only under 1,000 m to increase your chances of hitting (ideal distance is 500-700 m) and avoid being detected too early. Your fire rate and clip size is poor for an AA gun so you have to shoot precisely and make every shot count. Your vehicle's protection is non-existent: plan to have an obstacle nearby you can use as cover (building, rock formation, etc).

You can also play as a scout car on some maps: use your speed to flank enemy forces and ambush them. Retreat and relocate after destroying an enemy. Avoid frontal engagements at all cost as your vehicle and your crew are fully unprotected. Keep in mind that you have good mobility on hard terrain (solid ground, roads, etc.) but not on soft terrain (mud, sand, snow) because of your tires. The big turn radius of the {{PAGENAME}} also prevents it from sneaking through narrow passages in urban maps. Drive precisely: any obstacle will immobilize you very quickly if you don't pay attention and your mobility is key to your survival in this role.

;Notable enemies

Pretty much any enemy can destroy the {{PAGENAME}} in seconds. The most lethal enemies are:

* Strafing planes. The biggest threat is enemy aircraft, as even a 7.62 mm MG can kill your SPAA in one burst.
* Vehicles equipped with heavy machine guns. They will destroy you from 1 km distance in a heartbeat.
* Tanks firing HEAT or HE shells. The blast effect is deadly to your already limited and unprotected crew.
* Heavily armoured tanks that are immune to your gun, even if you catch them by surprise.

;How to defeat a {{PAGENAME}}

Being a vehicle without any armour, it remains a vehicle easy to destroy: the 2 quickest ways to deal with the {{PAGENAME}} are MG/autocannons and HEAT/HE projectiles. But any shell with explosive filler will do.
Avoid close quarters and engage from long distance to increase your armour advantage while decreasing the {{PAGENAME}}'s firepower.
You can also force your opponent to play on a terrain hindering its mobility (mud, snow, sand) to negate its main advantage. Aim for the driver or the engine to immobilize it, meaning almost certain death for a barely protected vehicle.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High top speed
* Access to PzGr 40 rounds
* Sloped frontal armour, may deflect some rounds
* High penetration for the 20 mm cannon
* Small profile helps when flanking the enemy

'''Cons:'''

* Small magazine for SPAA
* Virtually no protection at all, even rifle rounds will penetrate the armour
* Only has two crew members
* Crew is exposed

== History ==


The AS (Autosahariana) 42 was derived from the AB 41 armoured car. It was, however, unarmoured and did not have the rear driver position. Designed for long-range reconnaissance in North Africa, it had a cross country range of almost 500 miles (800 km). It was also known as the Camionetta Desertica (Desert Weapons Carrier) mod. 42, or "la Sahariana" (the Saharan). The main armament varied: 20 mm anti-aircraft cannons, 20 mm anti-tank rifles, and machine guns were common alternatives. For heavier firepower, some were fitted with a Breda M35 47 mm anti-tank gun, represented by the [[AS 42/47]]. About 200 were built and saw service in North Africa, Sicily and Italy. After the armistice, some continued in use with Fascist Italian forces and Germany, including on the Eastern Front, and in the Ardennes in 1944-5.

Post-war, about a dozen survivors, painted amaranth red and disarmed, were used by the ''Polizia di Stato'' in Udine and Bologna.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPA-Viberti_AS.42</ref>

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_as_42_metropolitana Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|ND8CwYH8-io|'''{{PAGENAME}} Review: Great with the CR42 as backup! Not so much at taking hits...''' - ''Joseph 2000''|nR4lecy5CBA|'''Camionetta SPA-Viberti AS42 Light Italian Truck - The Italian Desert Raider''' - ''Tanks Encyclopedia''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Type 94]]
* [[Flakpanzer I]]
* [[Pvlvv fm/42]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:SPA-Viberti_AS.42|[Wikipedia] SPA-Viberti AS.42]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/italy/Camioneta_AS-42_Sahariana.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Camionetta SPA-Viberti AS42]

=== References ===
<references />

{{Italy anti-aircraft vehicles}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

TBF-1C

2023-02-17T13:39:33Z

U118123450: Mention of bomb sight

{{About
| about = American bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the British version
| link = Avenger Mk II (Great Britain)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=tbf-1c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_tbf-1c.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,650 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 414 || 398 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.1 || 32.4 || 3.2 || 3.2 || rowspan="2" | 307
|-
! Upgraded
| 452 || 432 || 29.0 || 30.0 || 7.3 || 5.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 612  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 285 || ~6 || ~2
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 300 || < 220 || < 220 || > 318
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 6.35 mm Steel - Armour plate in the nose
* 12.7 mm Steel - Armour plate behind the pilot
* 12.7 mm Steel - Armour plate in dorsal gunner's seat
* 12.7 mm Steel - Armour plate in front of dorsal gunner
* 12.7 mm Steel - Armour plate in front of ventral gunner
* 6.35 mm Steel - Armour plate under the ventral gunner
* 40 mm Bulletproof glass in front of dorsal gunner
* 0.1 mm Wood - Connecting ventral gunner's armour

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Flight performance is often a secondary criteria for an attack bomber. Focus on improved armament, especially the Improved torpedo ([[Mk.13-1 Case (1,927 lb)|Mk.13-1 Case]]) that makes attacking ships much easier. Machine gun upgrades may not be needed initially, as the stock [[M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|M2 Browning]] does well enough. The turrets, however, profit from upgrades, gaining longer and more accurate fire.

Of course, performance upgrades don't hurt (Compressor, Engine and Engine Injection are often essential pick-ups). Airframe and Cover can be used to further bolster the durable aircraft. Other upgrades can be scheduled toward the end.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (310 rpg = 620 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|Mk.13-6 (2,216 lb)|Mk.13-6 Case (2,216 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 4 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 1 x 2,216 lb Mk.13-6 torpedo
* 1 x 2,216 lb Mk.13-6 Case torpedo

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, dorsal turret (400 rpg)
* 1 x 7.62 mm Browning machine gun, ventral turret (500 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

As with all torpedo bombers, maintain low altitude, high speed, and fighter cover. The optimal distance for launching a torpedo is 1 km from the target. Engage enemy ships from directly ahead or astern which makes "leading" the target much easier. If torpedo bombing is not an option, the TBF-1C can carry bombs for attacking ground targets.

The Avenger lacks much significant offensive armament, but in a pinch it can serve as a backup fighter. This aircraft is not particularly fast or manoeuvrable, but continuing the trend among mid-tier American aircraft, it is extremely durable. Do not attack enemy aircraft head-on as the TBF-1C's guns are wing-mounted (causing convergence issues) and the large engine or pilot can be knocked out quickly by enemy fire.

Fly low and fast, head towards your target, drop your ordnance and bug out. However, if there are no hostile fighters in the area, you can destroy some enemy ground installations, e.g. AA, light vehicles, landing crafts and anti-tank positions after this.

An interesting feature of the Avenger is that, despite being a light bomber/torpedo bomber, it comes with a bombsight, just like the old TBD Dauntless, albeit without the telescopic sight in the pilot's cockpit. This makes precision bombing in Realistic battles possible, as even novice pilots will be able to drop the 500kg bombs with excellent accuracy. Once you spot a target, fly out about 1.5km horizontally from the target (remember to keep focus on said target and its general location while being aware of any obstacles in your way), then begin to slowly fly over said target. Open the bomb bay and switch to the bombsight view, then drop your ordnance.

'''Simulator mode'''

Hands-off carrier take-off (Auto engine control): Start engine, flaps: raised, elevator trim: 0%, aileron trim: 0%, rudder trim: 14% right, WEP throttle, hands off controls until you lift off the carrier.

Level-type carrier landing final approach (Auto engine control): Drop any secondary weapons you may still have, make sure your alignment with the carrier and heading are good for landing, use your stick to hold an altitude of 40 m (120 ft), slow down below 200 km/h (125 mph / 108 kt), elevator trim: 2%, aileron trim: 18%, rudder trim: 0%, after gently slowing down to 123 km/h (77 mph / 67 kt) set throttle to about 55% (you will have to adjust throttle a lot, though), just before the carrier (less than 1 km (0.62 mi)) cut throttle and reset all trim to 0%, landing should be easy after that.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Robust construction
* Adaptive secondary ordnance for different maps e.g. naval or ground based operations
* Very good vision from pilot's seat in cockpit
* Very stable
* Good defensive gunner coverage
* Tail hook for carrier-based missions

'''Cons:'''

* Limited bomb selection for a bomber
* Wing mounted 12.7 mm machine guns factoring in convergence
* Poor low altitude performance, especially when turning
* Relatively slow
* Ventral gunner has little protection, easily knocked out
* Only has landing flaps
* Touchy controls, tends to over-respond to small control inputs (SB)

== History ==

[[File:TBF-1 Avenger dropping Mk. XIII torpedo.jpg|alt=TBF-1 Avenger dropping Mk.XIII torpedo, 1942|thumb|TBF-1 Avenger dropping a Mk.XIII torpedo, 1942]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Typical Monthly Production !! Grumman TBF-1
|-
| February, 1942 || 5
|-
| June, 1942 || 60
|-
| November, 1942 || 100
|-
|}

'''Significant engagements involving the TBF-1'''

'''Battle Of Midway''' - June 4, 1942 
The Battle of Midway was a massive naval engagement that occurred 6 months after Pearl Harbour. Initiated by the Japanese, the attack on Midway was supposed to be a surprise attack that repeated their success at Pearl Harbor. However, due to American efforts in cracking Japanese communication codes in the days and weeks prior to the operation, the American defenders were warned about the attack far in advance.

The first combat mission of the TBF-1 was on June 4, 1942 at the battle of Midway. Only six TBF-1s were available and were initially attached to torpedo squadron VT-8. All apart from one (with significant damage) were shot down during the battle.

'''Eastern Solomons''' - August 24-25, 1942 
IJN Admiral Yamamoto's infamous naval counter-strike against the US. The opposing naval forces met; the US Navy had only two carriers: USS Saratoga (VT-8) and USS Enterprise (VT-3). The Imperial Japanese Navy had the carriers: IJN Shōkaku, IJN Zuikaku, and light carrier IJN Ryūjō. By August, TBF Avengers had been delivered to the two US ships. Overall, 26 TBF-1s from VT-8 and VT-3 were launched during this engagement. Their torpedoes helped sink IJN Ryūjō for the loss of seven Avengers.

'''Guadalcanal''' - Nov, 12-13, 1942 
Avengers from USS Enterprise (CV-6) crippled and assisted in the destruction of the 37,000 ton battleship IJN Hiei. Guadalcanal was the last large-scale Japanese naval attack and the Hiei was the first Japanese battleship sunk by US forces. TBF-1s were further used by Marine Scout Bombing Squadron 131 (VMSB-131).

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The TBF Torpedo Bomber was created to replace the outdated [[TBD-1|Devastators]], which suffered from insufficient speed and short range. The TBF, also known as the Avenger, had good range and load capacity and the ability to carry cargo inside the fuselage. It was an ideal solution for a carrier-based transport aircraft. During the war, the Avenger earned a reputation as a very accurate bomber.

One unique feature of the TBF-1 was its wings. After the plane landed, they were folded back onto the side of the fuselage and parallel to it. This was done to solve the problem of the insufficient height of aircraft carrier hangar decks, which conflicted with standard upward-folding wings. Thanks to hydraulic actuators, the wings could be retracted or extended by the pilot in just a few seconds, without any help from ground personnel.

The TBF was widely used during World War II by not only U.S. forces but also those of Great Britain and New Zealand. In Great Britain, the aircraft was named the Tarpon and was one of the most extensively used British torpedo-bombers.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=tbf-1c Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* [[Avenger Mk II (Great Britain)]]
* [[B6N1 Model 11]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/3149/current/|[Vehicle Profile] TBF-1c / Avenger Mk 1]]

{{AirManufacturer Grumman}}
{{USA bombers}}

M1 (76 mm)

2023-02-01T10:52:48Z

U118123450: More information on the 76mm M1 as compared to the kwk 40 or the soviet 85s

{{About
| about = American tank cannon '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = M1 (Disambiguation)
}}
== Description ==


The '''76 mm M1''' is a high velocity gun developed by the United States during World War II. Intended to provide the M4 Sherman an increase in firepower to counter the increasing number of heavily armoured German tanks.The M1 in game is a very effective gun, with average penetration and high post-penetration damage with the filler round. However, the vehicles it is mounted to can face tanks such as the Panther, Tiger I and Tiger II, which can prove to be difficult targets from a frontal encounter.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Light tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_m18_hellcat}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m18_hellcat_black_cat}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m18_hellcat}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m18_hellcat}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_64}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Medium tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a1_76w_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a2_76w_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_m4a2_76w_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a3e8_76w_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_m4a3e8_76w_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t20}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Heavy tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a3e2_76w_sherman_jumbo}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==


The 76 mm M1 is a very capable cannon and can disable or outright destroy most vehicles it can encounter in one shot. It is an ideal armament for mid-rank medium tanks and tank destroyers. For some heavily armoured vehicles, the user may have to aim for weak points or go for side shots, for which most armor plates can be easily pierced. The gun is roughly equivalent in overall capability to the german KwK 40 L/(43/48) or the soviet 85mm D-5 and ZiS-83. The KwK 40 generally faces lower BR opponents and the 85mm guns have better armor penetration capabilities, but the 76mm M1 gets access to a stabiliser in most iterations (except for M18s and the M64) and can use smoke shells unlike the 85mm guns.

=== Available ammunition ===


The 76 mm M1 has five shell types available:

* The M79 shot comes stock with all tanks equipped with the 76 mm M1, and penetrates 134 mm of armour at 90° from 10 m away. It also has no high explosive filler. This shell is inferior in most aspects compared to the M62 shell, and should be replaced by the M62 as soon as available.
* The cannon also comes stock with the M42A1 high explosive shell, which has 390 grams of TNT, but is only effective on very lightly armoured vehicles and should not be used in the majority of cases.
* The M62 shell is unlocked as a tier II modification, and is the primary shell players will want to use. It has decent penetration for its rank, punching through 149 mm at 90° at point blank range, and a good amount of explosive filler: the equivalent of 63.7 grams of TNT. This shell will result in the ability to destroy enemy tanks with one successful penetration, but more spacious tanks will require more careful shot placement.
* The M93 APCR shot has 190 mm of penetration against 90° armour from 10 m away, but is ineffective against sloped armour.
* The M88 Smoke Shell is a very handy munition and can be used for concealment or to blind opponents.

Shells such as the M62 shell, M93 APCR, and M88 Smoke Shell are available as modifications.

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|M79 shot, M42A1 shell, M62 shell, M93 shot, M88}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===


The 76 mm M1 has similar penetrative power to the 85 mm Soviet cannons like the [[D-5T (85 mm)|D-5]] and [[ZIS-S-53 (85 mm)|ZIS-S-53]], but the 85 mm has more penetration against sloped armour.

== Usage in battles ==


The 76 mm M1 is very capable for its rank and in battle it can be used to great effect. The cannon has great knock-out potential with a single shot when using the M62 shell. It is ideal for flanking, using the good penetration and post-penetration damage to get around opponent's heavy front armour and hit them in their weaker side and rear armour.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Decent penetrative qualities
* Very good post-penetration damage
* Relatively short reload

'''Cons:'''

* Heavily armoured targets requires aiming for weak spots or manoeuvring around to hit the side armour

== History ==


===Development===
During the inter-war period, the Americans had access to the [[M7 (76 mm)|3-inch Gun M1918]] anti-aircraft gun in their inventory that fired a high-velocity 76.2 mm shell. In September 1940, it was decided to adapt the gun into an anti-tank role. Though the adaption was a success with a towed variant and mounted on the [[M10 GMC|M10 tank destroyer]], it was too heavy and cumbersome for a medium tank mount. Sometime in 1942, the development of a new gun to replace the [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm]] on the M4 Sherman's mount began as the ''76 mm Gun T1''. It should be noted that despite the name, it has the same exact bore as 3-inch (76.2 mm) and is only named such to avoid ammo compatibility error between the 3-inch and the 76 mm. The developed 76 mm used a barrel lighter than the 3-inch, had the breech ring assembly of the 75 mm, and could be mounted in the Sherman's M34 mount. The gun used the same projectiles as that of the 3-inch, but a different propellant case design with enough powder to fire a round at 2,600 ft/sec muzzle velocity, identical to the 3-inch gun.<ref name="ShermanHunnicutt">Hunnicutt 1978</ref><ref name="PershingHunnicutt">Hunnicutt 1971</ref><ref name="Zaloga76Sherman">Zaloga 2003</ref>
[[File:Medium Tank M4 mounting 76 m Gun T1.jpg|x300px|left|thumb|none|A M4A1 testing out a 76 mm T1 gun in its original turret.]]

Two 76 mm T1 guns were made and shipped to Aberdeen Proving Grounds. Tests started on 01 August 1942, with one gun put on a fixed mount while the other was installed in a [[M4A1]] turret in place of the 75 mm. Initial tests showed that the gun, 57 calibre in length, was too unbalanced. 15 inches were shaved off from the gun barrel, turning the barrel length to 52 calibre to the detriment of the anti-armour performance. Additionally, weight was added to the breech ring as a counter-weight.<ref name="Zaloga76Sherman" /> On August 17, Aberdeen stated the 76 mm was satisfactory inside the M4 Sherman turret. Classified as Substitute Standard, the 76 mm T1 was approved as the ''76 mm Gun M1'' and it was recommended that the production orders for Shermans be modified for 1,000 Shermans with the new 76 mm gun. However, General Jacob Devers from Armored Force did not approve of this plan as the new tanks had not been tested by his board. This led to another trial period, with the 76 mm tried in the newer M34A1 gun mount using the telescopic sight, the response to the Sherman's combat experience in North Africa.<ref name="Zaloga76Sherman" /> The same imbalance issue as previous tests arose, but this was solved by adding an 800 pound counterweight to the rear of the turret to counterbalance the barrel. Production of the tank started with 12 tanks from the Pressed Steel Car Company for evaluation by Aberdeen, Armored Board, and Tank Destroyer Board. These tanks arrived on 2 February 1943 and tests lasted until April 5th. The conclusion was that the Armored Board found the constrained space in the turret, caused by the larger gun, unsatisfactory and that the tank was a rushed "quick-fix" design and rejected the tank. This cancelled the type classification and brought the 76 mm tank procurement to a halt.<ref name="ShermanHunnicutt" />

Ordnance continued to tinker about with their designs and on 03 May 1943, recommended the production of two pilots of an improved 76 mm gun mount for the Sherman. These vehicles were designated as the ''M4E6'' and were fitted with turrets from the T23, a variant of the [[T20]] tank series.<ref name="ShermanHunnicutt" /> Meanwhile, the 76 mm gun was also improved into the ''M1A1'' variant with changes to the tube contour and a lengthened recoil surface to allow the trunnions to be moved forwards for better balancing of the weapon.<ref name="PershingHunnicutt" /> The two M4E6 were built by Chrysler, with one sent for evaluations at Aberdeen in July 1943 before being sent to Fort Knox for Armored Board to take a look.<ref name="ShermanHunnicutt" /> The tests proved satisfactory and on 17 August 1943, Armored Board recommended the M4E6 be put into full production for 1,000 units, with even the possibility of completely replacing the 75 mm production with the 76 mm. The latter however was contested by General Alvan Gillem, who took over Devers role in May 1943, by stating the 76 mm's flaw of a lower HE charge compared to the 75 mm (76 mm's 12.37 lbs HE shell carries only 0.86 lbs explosives whereas the 75 mm's 14.6 lbs shell carries 1.47 lbs explosives) and its tendency to create dust clouds with its muzzle blast, all for only 1 more inch of armour penetration compared to the 75 mm.<ref name="Zaloga76Sherman" />

Still, 76 mm production was still in consideration and further improvements were made to the gun. The issue with the muzzle blast was solved with a new long primer ammunition that reduced the smoke left from the burning powder and the installment of a muzzle brake on the gun that diverted the muzzle blast sideways so it does not disturb the dust as much. The improvement of the muzzle brake led to the request that all 76 mm guns be fitted with a muzzle brake. 76 mm Gun M1 retooled with a threaded end for the muzzle brake were designated the ''M1A1C'', though production of muzzle brakes for these threads did not begin until July 1944, so the threads were covered by a thread protector until muzzle brakes were available. The next model of the 76 mm, the ''76 mm Gun M1A2'', featured more improvements. The rifling on the gun was tighter with one turn per 32 calibre rather than one turn per 40 calibre on previous models, which helped improve ballistics at longer ranges. Every M1A2 design also had a muzzle brake attached.<ref name="ShermanHunnicutt" /><ref name="Zaloga76Sherman" />

===Combat usage===
The first batch of 130 [[M4A1 (76) W|M4A1 (76) Shermans]] were sent to Britain on 10 April 1944, but despite their presence and even reports at the Italian Theater facing some of Germany's newer vehicles like the [[Panther D|Panther]], they were not sent to Normandy on the onset of D-Day. Major General Hugh Gaffey of the 2nd Armored Division advocated for this decision as there were only so few of them available, the troops were not properly trained on the new tank gun, and the logistic situation would be a mess to supply the new ammunition. As such, it was proposed by General W.B. Palmer that the 76 mm be delayed for tank battalions and only specified for such battalions rather than intermingling the 76 mm and 75 mm in mixed units. Either way, not one 76 mm Sherman landed in France in June 1944. Even attempts to interest the US Third Army on 12 June 1944 fell short as a report went "All of the commanders were reluctant to see it take the place of the 75 mm tank gun in any quantity". The reason for this desire to keep around with the 75 is the belief that the 75 mm could still do the job defeating enemy armour as the newer tanks, like the [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]] since Tunisia, have been handled with the 75 mm cannon. Even the Panther were not taken seriously, not necessarily because it could be handled by the 75 mm, but because it was believed that Panther was a specialized heavy tank allocated in small numbers. It was not until Normandy that the U.S. fighting forces would experience first hand how numerous the Panthers were.<ref name="Zaloga76Sherman" />
[[File:Sherman Rhino Normandy 1944.jpg|x250px|right|thumb|none|A M4A1 with a 76 mm gun tears through the bocage terrain in Normandy.]]

By June 1944 in Normandy, criticism from tankers on the ineffectiveness of the 75 mm on the new Panthers came to light. On July 2, Eisenhower relayed the complaints to Ordnance and in July 12, a board was created to determine what weapons were available that could defeat the Panther. The board determined after tests that none of the U.S. standard weapons could defeat the Panther from the front, and the 3-inch on the M10 could only do so on the gun mantlet from 200 yards outs. Suddenly, the 76 mm Shermans sitting idly at Britain became very sought out and General Bradley of 1st US Army ordered as many of the 76 mm Shermans be sent into France for Operation Cobra. 102 M4A1 (76) tanks arrived to France and became a key part of the operation, marking their debut of combat on 25 July 1944 , the second day of the operation. The success of the operation helped vindicate the relevance of the 76 mm Sherman and new 76 mm tank models on the [[M4]] and the M4A3 soon arrived in September 1944. However, the 76 mm Shermans, now combat tested, ended up in another pitfall when they still proved ineffective against the Panther's front. Eisenhower, when hearing of the issue, remarked on the predicament:
{{clear}}
{{Quote
|You mean our 76 won't knock these Panthers out? Why, I thought it was going to be the wonder gun of the war. Why is it that I'm the last to hear about this stuff? Ordnance told me this 76 would take care of anything the Germans had. Now I find you can't knock out a damn thing with it.
|General Dwight D. Eisenhower<ref name="Zaloga76Shermanquote">Zaloga 2003, Loc.359 of 977</ref>
}}

In August 1944, an improved ammunition for the 76 mm started to come in, the T4 (M93) HVAP ammo. With its tungsten ammunition, it could penetrate the Panther on the mantlet up to 1,000 yards out. 2,000 of the new HVAP ammo arrived by air in August 1944. Though 20,000 were ordered, the supply was never able to keep up with the demand. By February 1945, the average 76 mm tank have received a total of five HVAP round, meaning an acquiring rate of one HVAP per month a tank. A total of 18,000 HVAP came to Europe by March 1945, with 42% of the total being for the 76 mm and the rest for the 3-inch gun.<ref name="Zaloga76Sherman" />
[[File:M18-Hellcat-wiesloch-19450401.jpg|x150px|left|thumb|A M18 Hellcat firing its 76 mm gun in Wiesloch, Germany.]]

The Battle of the Bulge turned a few heads for the 76 mm. Before that, German armour were only experienced in sporadic situations, with only minor counter-offensives at areas like the Battle of Arracourt. There were divided feelings about the 76 mm due to its decreased HE performance compared to the 75 mm, and that the 75 mm has specialized ammo like the white phosphorus round that the 76 did not have. Thus, proposals to completely replace the 75 with the 76 were met with objections. But after the Battle of the Bulge, the criticism changed to the inadequacy of the 75 mm against the German tanks like the [[Panther G|Panther]] and the heavier [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger II]]. 12th US Army Group on 29 January 1945 even requested that all US tanks that arrive in Europe be the 76 mm version, refusing anymore 75 mm Shermans.<ref name="Zaloga76Sherman" />

The 76 mm faced more than a fair share of criticism throughout its life. Promised to give a bigger punch than the 75 mm, it fell short with changing times against improving German armour as it was design created with a mindset of German armour in 1942. Still, as a tank gun, the 76 mm did its job as best it could against the opposition, and was still overall a better gun in several respects that after the war, the 76 mm were retained on the [[M4A3 (76) W|M4A3E8 Sherman]]. In the 1950s in the Korean War, the 76 mm still proved adequate against the Soviet [[T-34-85]] and no complaints were made on the Sherman's role as an infantry support during the latter stages of the war.<ref name="ZalogaM26vsT-34">Zaloga 2010</ref> Though, as the armament of the evolving U.S. tank force, the 76 mm Gun M1 was succeeded by the much bigger and better [[M3 (90 mm)|90 mm]] that would be the armament of the [[M26]] Pershing and its [[M46]], [[M47]], and [[M48A1|M48]] successors.

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|lK9Ck3P6AvM|'''Top 7 best rounds''' discusses the M62 at 3:41 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


* [[M7 (76 mm)]] - 3-inch cannon that shares identical ballistic performance

== External links ==


===References===

;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography

* Hunnicutt, R.P. ''Sherman: A History of the American Medium Tank'' U.S.A.: Feist Publications, 1978
* Hunnicutt, R.P. ''Pershing: A History of the Medium Tank T20 Series'' U.S.A.: Feist Publications, 1971
* Zaloga, Steven. ''M4 (76mm) Sherman Medium Tank 1943-65'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2003
* Zaloga Steven. ''T-34-85 vs M26 Pershing: Korea 1950'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2010

{{USA tank cannons}}
{{USSR tank cannons}}
{{Japan tank cannons}}
{{China tank cannons}}
{{Italy tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

Su-2 MV-5

2023-01-25T11:00:59Z

U118123450: /* Usage in battles */

{{About
| about = Soviet strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = Su-2 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=su-2_mv5
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 441 || 428 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.0 || 25.9 || 6.5 || 6.5 || rowspan="2" | 425
|-
! Upgraded
| 480 || 460 || 23.0 || 24.0 || 11.2 || 8.6
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 394 || 340 || 340 || ~8 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 280 || < 240 || < 500 || > 190
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 8.5 mm steel - Pilot's seat
* 10 mm steel - In front of gunner
* 4 mm steel - Below gunner
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (1 in each wing, 1 in front of pilot)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns, wing-mounted (850 rpg = 3,400 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|FAB-50sv (50 kg)|FAB-100sv (100 kg)|FAB-250sv (250 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 4 x 50 kg FAB-50sv bombs (200 kg total)
* 12 x 50 kg FAB-50sv bombs (600 kg total)
* 4 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (400 kg total)
* 6 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (600 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg FAB-250sv bombs (500 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, dorsal turret (900 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==
Much of the gameplay in the Su-2 remains the same from the previous BB-1, with the notable difference of having 10mm armor plating around the gunner's station. This single difference means that survival of the gunner against 7.62 and equivalent ammo is drastically improved, allowing you a greater chance to keep on shooting back.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Versatile strike aircraft
* Manoeuvrable and responsive
* Internal bomb bay reduces drag

'''Cons:'''

* Only 1 x 7.62 mm defensive MG
* Lightly-armoured and operating at low altitude, easy target for enemy fighters

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
OKB Sukhoi BB-1 (Su-2) "Ivanov" Short-Range Bomber with M-88 engine

In December of 1940, the BB-1 was renamed the Su-2, after designer Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi, and began to be constructed with the M-88 engine.

This engine, developed in the Tumansky OKB, was an upgrade of the M-87. The M-88 retained the original design scheme (air-cooled, radial, 14-cylinder) and had a takeoff power capacity of 1,100 hp.

However, unreliable operation caused serious problems. The M-88 was continually suffering from piston burnouts, shaking, and increased oil consumption. Oil splatters leaking from the engine would splash on the cabin's transparent bottom, under the navigator, making it more difficult to aim bombs. In addition, the decision to replace the plexiglass canopy with celluloid was a mistake, as the new material quickly lost its transparency, reducing visibility. Nevertheless, the crew did appreciate the warm, closed cabin.

Some of the Su-2s were equipped with rockets. Instead of bombs under the wings, five unguided PC-82 or PC-132 rockets could be installed in each location.

A new variant of the Su-2 was released in early 1941, featuring the M-88B engine. This modification improved the aircraft's performance. The oil cooler was moved to the midsection and the shape of the hood and suction pipe were changed. The plane's armament was somewhat reduced to facilitate construction. Instead of four ShKAS guns in the winds, two guns were installed, with 850 rounds of ammunition per gun. The bulky MB-5 tail turret was replaced with a TSS-1 turret, with a ShKas 7.62 mm machine gun and 900 rounds of ammunition. However, the turret suffered from a number of problems, including a limited angle of fire and difficulty firing when in an air stream. In the spring of 1941, 250 aircraft were produced with the TSS-1. Afterwards, the MB-5 was used. Bomb and rocket payloads remained unchanged.

The Red Army Air Force began to use the Su-2 in combat during the second half of 1940. By the beginning of World War II on June 22, 1941, 213 Su-2s were in service.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=su-2_mv5 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|UDvzWT2BSg4|'''The Shooting Range #28''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:22 discusses the Sukhoi Su-2.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Sukhoi}}
{{USSR strike aircraft}}

Su-2 TSS-1

2023-01-25T10:30:17Z

U118123450: Usage in Battles

{{About
| about = Soviet strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = Su-2 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=su-2_tss1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,100 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 493 || 477 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.9 || 26.6 || 6.7 || 6.7 || rowspan="2" | 369
|-
! Upgraded
| 533 || 512 || 24.2 || 25.0 || 11.7 || 8.9
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 394 || 340 || 340 || ~8 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 280 || < 240 || < 500 || > 190
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* No armour protection
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (1 in each wing, 1 in front of the pilot)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns, wing-mounted (850 rpg = 1,700 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|FAB-50sv (50 kg)|FAB-100sv (100 kg)|FAB-250sv (250 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 4 x 50 kg FAB-50sv bombs (200 kg total)
* 12 x 50 kg FAB-50sv bombs (600 kg total)
* 4 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (400 kg total)
* 6 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (600 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg FAB-250sv bombs (500 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun, dorsal turret (1,000 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==
The Su-2 TSS-1 is an interesting aircraft compared to its brethren. On one hand you now have improved speed and agility (not to Chaika levels though, so don't go dogfighting). On the other hand, however, you now have half the machine-gun firepower when strafing or showering lead upon the enemy aircraft or ground units. On the third hand, though, you still retain the exact same payload as other Su-2 series aircraft, so ground-pounding ordnance isn't affected. Whether or not such a gain and loss of attributes compared to the previous MV-5 model is worth it is up to you.

Of special mention is the TSS turret, the most obvious change compared to the MB-5 turret. The TSS being a scarff ring mount means that it loses the ability to traverse directly to the starboard and port of the aircraft (Not exactly a loss when you aren't supposed to roleplay the Bolton Paul Defiant), but you now have increased traverse under the elevators which makes for improved overall defensive coverage of the rear ShKAS machine gun. The gunner is now fully exposed from rear shots, however, so an unfortunate spray of even rifle-calibre bullets can end your sole ability to return fire against pursuers, compared to the MB-5 which requires the rear turret to be destroyed before incoming bullets have a chance to reach the gunner without interference.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Agile ground attacker
* Fast top speed
* Can serve as emergency fighter if needed

'''Cons:'''

* The speed was gained in exchange of losses in offensive and defensive capabilities (halved offensive weaponry, and armour removed)

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
OKB Sukhoi BB-1 (Su-2) "Ivanov" Short-Range Bomber with M-88 engine

In December of 1940, the BB-1 was renamed the Su-2, after designer Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi, and began to be constructed with the M-88 engine.

This engine, developed in the Tumansky OKB, was an upgrade of the M-87. The M-88 retained the original design scheme (air-cooled, radial, 14-cylinder) and had a takeoff power capacity of 1,100 hp.

However, unreliable operation caused serious problems. The M-88 was continually suffering from piston burnouts, shaking, and increased oil consumption. Oil splatters leaking from the engine would splash on the cabin's transparent bottom, under the navigator, making it more difficult to aim bombs. In addition, the decision to replace the plexiglass canopy with celluloid was a mistake, as the new material quickly lost its transparency, reducing visibility. Nevertheless, the crew did appreciate the warm, closed cabin.

Some of the Su-2s were equipped with rockets. Instead of bombs under the wings, five unguided PC-82 or PC-132 rockets could be installed in each location.

A new variant of the Su-2 was released in early 1941, featuring the M-88B engine. This modification improved the aircraft's performance. The oil cooler was moved to the midsection and the shape of the hood and suction pipe were changed. The plane's armament was somewhat reduced to facilitate construction. Instead of four ShKAS guns in the winds, two guns were installed, with 850 rounds of ammunition per gun. The bulky MB-5 tail turret was replaced with a TSS-1 turret, with a ShKas 7.62 mm machine gun and 900 rounds of ammunition. However, the turret suffered from a number of problems, including a limited angle of fire and difficulty firing when in an air stream. In the spring of 1941, 250 aircraft were produced with the TSS-1. Afterwards, the MB-5 was used. Bomb and rocket payloads remained unchanged.

The Red Army Air Force began to use the Su-2 in combat during the second half of 1940. By the beginning of World War II on June 22, 1941, 213 Su-2s were in service.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=su-2_tss1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|UDvzWT2BSg4|'''The Shooting Range #28''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:22 discusses the Sukhoi Su-2.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Sukhoi}}
{{USSR strike aircraft}}

TBD-1

2023-01-05T07:00:34Z

U118123450: mention of the x4 pilot's sight

{{Specs-Card
|code=tbd-1_1938
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_tbd-1_1938.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American torpedo bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.53 "Firestorm"]].

The {{PAGENAME}} is the first usable bomber in the U.S. aircraft line-up. While the OS2Us and SB2Us are capable of bombing, they cannot carry a torpedo or up to 1,600 lbs (725 kg) of bombs. The Devastator is adept at bombing either naval or land-based targets. On maps with naval ships, torpedoes require the little naval bomber to release from a very low altitude, a maximum of 340 ft (104 m) or 820 ft (250 m) depending on the torpedo used. For the pilots who prefer using bombs, they can be just as easily dropped on ships as on land-based vehicles. The aircraft needs to fly quite low to the ground to ensure greater accuracy.

The lone offensive machine gun does not offer much, but can be effectively used to pick off damaged ground targets or even damage a critical module on an enemy fighter. The lone rear-facing dorsal machine gun is not a miracle worker, though it does a good job of making it difficult for enemy fighters to sit on the {{PAGENAME}}'s tail. The aircraft is quite manoeuvrable and can quickly whip around to attempt a second bombing run on a target if there are any bombs left over. Though state-of-the-art when developed, this bomber was quickly outdated, but that did not stop it being kept in service at the beginning of World War II. While in War Thunder this bomber might seem to be an easy target for new pilots, those with some practice under their belt can utilise this as a very effective early bomber, racking up destroyed ground vehicles and anti-aircraft artillery targets. You can also use the fact that you look like a fighter to blend in.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The TBD-1 Devastator is a very slow but useful aircraft. It has a max speed of 327 km/h in Arcade Battles and 312 km/h in Realistic battles. The TBD-1 devastator has a pretty decent turn time for a bomber, making it viable for the most extreme of the pilots to use it as a basic dogfighter. Its slow speed makes the aircraft vulnerable to enemy fighter attacks, so be sure to bring a fighter escort!

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 2,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 298 || 287 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.8 || 20.5 || 4.3 || 4.3 || rowspan="2" | 150
|-
! Upgraded
| 327 || 312 || 18.3 || 19.0 || 8.3 || 6.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
[[File:TBD-1 an trn 26 003.png|400px|thumb|right|Torpedo runs are a specialty of the {{PAGENAME}}.]]
[[File:TBD-1 an trn 26 001.png|400px|thumb|right|A {{PAGENAME}} setting up for a torpedo run against Japanese warships in the Pacific.]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 212 || 212 || 212 || ~8 || ~2
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 465 || < 400 || < 380 || > 323
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 12.7 mm steel - behind the engine
* 12.7 mm steel - behind pilot's head
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (1 in each wing)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

[[File:TBD-1 an trn 26 004.png|400px|thumb|right|A {{PAGENAME}} blitzing ground artillery with a mix of 100 and 500 lb bombs.]]
{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, nose-mounted (500 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M30A1 (100 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|Mk.13-6 (2,216 lb)|Mk.13-6 Case (2,216 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 12 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs (1,200 lb total)
* 1 x 2,216 lb Mk.13-6 torpedo
* 1 x 2,216 lb Mk.13-6 Case torpedo
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs + 6 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs (1,600 lb total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.62 mm Browning machine gun, dorsal turret (600 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:TBD-1 an trn 26 002.png|400px|thumb|right|A {{PAGENAME}} scoring a direct torpedo hit on a Japanese ship.]]

The first thing a pilot will notice about the TBD in gameplay is its "rubber-banding" tendency to return to a stable speed of about 250 km/h. The aircraft has mediocre energy retention, especially in a turn or when coming out of a dive. However, it is a stable and easy plane to fly, even in Realistic Battles. Strangely enough, the TBD has awesome acceleration from a standing start. The acceleration peters off after about 140 km/h (just above its stall speed) but makes it a nice plane to take-off, especially from carriers. The armament on this plane is very bad and will get shot down if engaged with a fighter. The TBD is a very attractive target for fighters so climb to an altitude of 5,000 m. When dropping bombs, decrease your throttle to 50% as the bombs are more accurate when flying slow.

This aircraft is best used in a ground strike role, carpet bombing ground targets with a large quantity of smaller bombs available out of the box, and in this role, it performs respectably. It features a single 12.7 mm MG attached to the starboard side of the engine, with a generous ammo load, but although the TBD has a good turning radius it is not recommended to engage as a fighter. A rear gunner also wields a 7.62 mm MG with a good coverage angle but no coverage under the tail. The 7.62 mm MG is a welcome addition to keep enemies off the TBD's tail but its rate of fire and damage potential are quite mediocre. Aim precisely if you want to hit and spare your ammo. Of special mention is the pilot's telescopic sight, which is at best a novelty in air battles but is immensely useful in realistic tank battles, where one can easily scan and nitpick otherwise hard to discern enemy tanks. Be careful not to get too stuck in 'tunnel vision' and forget to pull up or evade enemy fire.

It is important to note that the TBD suffers from extremely fragile flaps and gear, at least in Realistic and Simulator Battles; even combat flaps will break off at any speed above about 210 km/h, while the gear rips at about 180.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Easily capable of flying back to base with one wing
* Has a bomb sight
* Has an arrestor hook for carrier landing
* Very stable and easy to fly
* Very manoeuvrable for a bomber: very good turn and roll rate
* Carries a decent quantity of bombs without requiring any research
* Great standing acceleration
* Cockpit offers decent visibility
* Excellent low-speed handling and low stall speed, great aircraft for pilots to learn how to use torpedoes

'''Cons:'''

* Prone to wing snapping when pulling 3 Gs flying at mid to high speeds
* Poor overall armament with limited defensive coverage, with a single 12.7 mm in front and a 7.62 mm in the rear
* Low sustainable "cruise" speed (200-250 km/h)
* Very bad energy retention
* Bombs are mounted on external pylons
* A dive bomber with a rather low wing rip speed and without any air brakes
* No gun sight in cockpit other than a scope with an extremely limited (and very shaky) field of view
* Does not come with its Navy Blue camouflage unlike other US Navy planes
* Fragile flaps and landing gear
* Gunner has no armour protection

== History ==


The active-duty life of the {{PAGENAME}} Devastator was a relatively short one in which it went from being the Navy's most advanced aircraft in service to being outdated only three years later and then removed from active service within five years. Though seeing limited action during WWII and recorded performance as abysmal later was vindicated when documentation recorded that the U.S. Mk. 13 torpedo, one of the main suspended armaments of this aircraft was to share much of this blame as their failure rate (sinking, not-exploding, running cold, not running true, porposing) was extremely high.

The Devastator had a strong start as a winner of a U.S. Navy competition for a new carrier-based bomber. This aircraft included many firsts for the Navy as the {{PAGENAME}} was a monoplane manufactured from all metal (no fabric covering for any surfaces), and hydraulically folding wings to allowing stowage of more aircraft on the carrier. The Devastator had a crew of three, the pilot would fly the aircraft and operate the single forward-facing machine gun while the bombardier who sat in the centre of the cockpit would lay prone on the bottom of the aircraft and would aim the Norden bombsight located under the pilot's seat through a window in the belly of the aircraft. The third crew member was the radio operator/rear gunner who also operated a single machine gun in the dorsal turret to fend off any attacking enemy aircraft.

A total of 129 {{PAGENAME}} units were purchased and delivered to the U.S. Navy and were farmed out to several aircraft carriers such as the notable Enterprise, Lexington, Wasp and Hornet. Unfortunately, the Navy realized by 1940 that the Devastator was not the frontline bomber it needed and its replacement the Grumman TBF Avenger was not yet at a stage where it could be operational. Though outclassed by many Japanese fighters, the {{PAGENAME}} was still pressed into active service, however, as an example, 41 were deployed during the Battle of Midway with only four returning to the carriers. Though other factors contributed such as miscommunication and uncoordinated sorties, the Devastators flew without fighter cover and were easily picked off when lining up for torpedo runs often flying in a straight line at around 185 km/h (115 mph). Ship batteries also had an easy time bearing down on these slow and predictable torpedo runs. Though, the attacks were not a complete waste, as the Devastator attacks tied up the Imperial Japanese Navy and their protective fighters which allowed the late-arriving SBD dauntless dive bombers to inflict massive damage on the IJN carriers with very little resistance allowing them to carry out more effective attacks.

The Battle of Midway showed the technological age of the Devastator and the Navy elected to withdraw the remaining {{PAGENAME}}s from active service and relegate them to training duty for both pilots and mechanics, while others were used by firefighters to practice extinguishing aircraft fires. All surviving Devastators are unsalvageable wrecks (the U.S. Navy will not relinquish ownership and thus cannot be salvaged) with one sitting in the Atlantic Ocean off of Miami, Florida USA, another in the Pacific Ocean just off of the coast of Mission Beach, California USA, two more in Jaluit Lagoon in the Marshall Islands and seven resting near the USS Lexington on the ocean floor of the Coral Sea.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=tbd-1_1938 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|ILLYaoHozag|'''Don't Overlook THIS Plane! TBD-1 - USA - Review!''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/272424-douglas-tbd-1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Douglas}}
{{USA bombers}}

Sd.Kfz.251/9

2022-12-23T02:17:51Z

U118123450: Incomplete edit of page

{{About
| about = German tank destroyer '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Sd.Kfz.251 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_sdkfz_251_9
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Sd.Kfz.251-9.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Fire and Ice"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

Armor on the vehicle is about as effective as sandbags against an 88: thin and ineffective. the

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 14.5 mm (20° engine compartment)
14.5 mm (30° Driver Cabin) 8 mm (41°) ''Lower glacis''
| 8 mm (41°) ''Top - Engine''
8 mm (35°) ''Top - Crew compartment''

8 mm (19°) ''Bottom - Engine''

8 mm (34°) ''Bottom - Crew compartment''

8 mm + 8 mm (34°) ''Storage bins''

8 mm ''Bottom - Undercarriage''
| 8 mm (31°)
5.5 mm (42°) ''Lower glacis''
| ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || - || - || -
|-
|||||||||
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

Mobility of the Vehicle is excellent and will take you wherever you need to go. Use this mobility to be able to quickly reach and prepare a sniper/ambush position, because it's all that's going to help your lack of machine guns and/or weak armor. Be careful when making sharp turns at max speed as the vehicle has a chance of tipping over.

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|K51 L/24 (75 mm)}}

The main gun of the Sd.Kfz.251/9 is, in effect, the same gun that you will find on all Pz.IVs found before the F2 model, as well as various other vehicles. In fact, this vehicle shares the same BR as its Medium counterpart, the Pz.IV C. The difference between the two is that only the former gets access to the more capable Hl.Gr 38C round, which is frankly overkill at Br 1.3 (the most dangerous thing at 2.3 being the B1 Bis) but it does come in handy should more heavily armored vehicles (e.g. Matilda, Shermans, KV1 if you were that desperate/crazy enough). The stock APCBC round has a potent Explosive filler and already has decent penetration for its BR, but do try to have a handful of HEAT rounds ready in case they are needed. One upside of the (relatively) large caliber of this BR is that you have access to a capable HE round, which makes overpressure of Lightly armored/open top vehicles possible, a useful thing in case the local M13 MGMC shows up.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[K51 L/24 (75 mm)|75 mm K51 L/24]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 38 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+16° || rowspan="2" | ±14° || rowspan="2" | N/A || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The available ammunition offers a wide range of shells to engage all types of targets:

* '''K.Gr.rot Pz.''': APCBC; a slow shell with explosive filler mass that will knock out any tank with a single shot but has an average penetration power.
* '''Hl.Gr 38B''': HEAT; a shaped charge with good penetration and without penetration loss over distance. Only penetrates flat vertical surfaces but the post-penetration damage is very effective on open and lightly armoured vehicles.
* '''Hl.Gr 38C''': HEAT; a shaped charge with increased penetration over the previous shell. Very useful against heavily armoured targets.
* '''Sprgr. 34''': HE; useful for destroying open and lightly armoured vehicles.
* '''K.Gr.Rot Nb.''': Smoke; useful to blind enemy vehicles that are too remote for you to disable so that you can progress towards objectives.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| K.Gr.rot Pz. || APCBC || 52 || 50 || 45 || 39 || 34 || 30
|-
| Hl.Gr 38B || HEAT || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80
|-
| Hl.Gr 38C || HEAT || 100 || 100 || 100 || 100 || 100 || 100
|-
| Sprgr. 34 || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| K.Gr.rot Pz. || APCBC || 385 || 6.78 || 1.2 || 14 || 102.4 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Hl.Gr 38B || HEAT || 450 || 4.57 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 872.1 || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| Hl.Gr 38C || HEAT || 450 || 4.8 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 875.5 || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| Sprgr. 34 || HE || 420 || 5.74 || 0 || 0.1 || 686 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| K.Gr.Rot Nb. || 423 || 6.2 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks Sd.Kfz.251-9.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''38''' || 33 ''(+5)'' || 1 ''(+37)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Note''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
{{Clear}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Highly mobile for the BR, will get to one's destination first and quickly.
* Potent gun with a fast reload that allows for versatile engagement of enemies
* Gun depression makes hull

*

'''Cons:'''

* Open-topped, vulnerable to HE rounds, artillery strikes and strafing aircraft
* A single shot can knock out the driver, gunner and loader at once, leaving you vulnerable

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany tank destroyers}}
[[Category:Half-tracks]]

Vickers Mk.E

2022-11-02T08:59:46Z

U118123450: Added to the basic description of the mobility and armor. More details are needed

{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_vickers_mk_e_37
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Fire and Ice"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The armor on the Vickers Mk.E is practically on par with that on the T-26. It will only stop rifle caliber munitions reliably, and even then some guns like the British 7.92mm BESA or the German 7.92mm MG34/42 on some vehicles can easily punch through certain 10mm plates. The unsloped nature of the armor plates, combined with their weak protection levels boils down to one conclusion: ''Don't get shot at at all.'' However, it is worth mentioning that unlike the T-26, the Vickers comes with 4 crewmen, which means that tanks with no explosive filler shells may not kill the extra crew member in your hull, giving you a small chance to fight back, but don't count on this too much.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

Mobility is the same as that as found on the T-26, which makes perfect sense since the T-26 was originally based off the Vickers design to begin with. You will not be doing anything close to racing speeds, but the tank will get you where you need to go in due time. It's no BT-5, but it certainly isn't the H.39.

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Psv.K/36 (37 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Psv.K/36 (37 mm)|37 mm Psv.K/36]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| psav Vj4 || AP || __ || __ || __ || __ || __ || __
|-
| pstkr 27-34 || APHE || __ || __ || __ || __ || __ || __
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| psav Vj4 || AP || ___ || _.__ || __ || _._ || ___ || __° || __° || __°
|-
| pstkr 27-34 || APHE || ___ || _.__ || __ || _._ || ___ || __° || __° || __°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|ksp m/36 (8 mm)}}

''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ksp m/36 (8 mm)|8 mm ksp m/36]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Sweden light tanks}}

Pvlvv fm/42

2022-10-12T05:46:50Z

U118123450: Updated information regarding the Pvlvv's maximum angle of elevation, verification from others is welcome

{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_pvlvv_fm42
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Pvlvv_fm42.jpg|ArtImage Pvlvv fm-42.png}}
}}

== Description ==


The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]] as the Swedish rank I self-propelled anti-air vehicle.

Historically the '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a Swedish attempt at creating a self propelled platform for the Bofors 20 mm anti-tank/anti-air autocannon L/70 (Swedish designation ''20 mm automatkanon (akan) m/40''). The idea was to reuse the chassis of the failed Landsverk L-120 prototype tankette and fitting it with the aforementioned weapon to trial the concept. The trials were somewhat successful and would lead to the development of the Swedish SPAA Lvkv fm/43.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is a fairly weak vehicle in terms of survivability, at least in Realistic and Simulator modes where it will be knocked out after losing one crew member. It features no meaningful protection from any angle, with only 10 mm of armour protecting the front of the hull and 16 mm of effective armour protecting the gunner. This armour is superficial really, as even heavy machine guns will have no trouble getting through the armour of the vehicle, and seeing as it's only manned by two crew, a shot through the flat armour of the drivers port will easily knock the vehicle out of action. Additionally as it's open-topped, it's very vulnerable from the air, and the gun can't angle directly upwards, meaning the gun shield can't be used to protect against enemy aircraft. This vehicle may survive a poorly placed shot, but most of the time the armour is not in any way reliable.

In Arcade, it is far better. The light armour and spaced out crew means shots are unlikely to kill both crew at once, while the gun shield and enclosed driver provides average protection for a Rank I SPAA. While crew replenishing, the gun also works despite the gunner being knocked out, meaning the vehicle can defend itself even after some penetrating hits.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 10 mm (18-28°) ''Upper plate'' 6 mm (73°) ''Upper glacis'' 8 mm (46-50°) ''Lower glacis'' || 8 mm (34°) ''Top'' 13 mm ''Front'' 8 mm (24°) ''Bottom'' || 8 mm (21°) ''Upper plate'' 8 mm (26°) ''Lower plate'' || 6 mm (17°) ''Front glacis'' 5 mm ''Crew compartment'' 5 mm (9°) ''Engine compartment''
|-
| Gun shield || 13 mm (28°)
!
!
!
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and torsion bars are 10 mm thick, while tracks are 15 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 5 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=121|rbMinHp=75}}

[[File:Pvlvv fm-42 Elevation.jpg|thumb|400px|The max elevation angle of the Pvlvv fm/42]]
The mobility and speed of the {{PAGENAME}} is fairly effective, it won't outpace many enemy light vehicles around this battle rating but it is fast enough to get where it needs to be in the map without much trouble. Off-road it can cruise at a max of 54 / 38 km/h (AB/RB), making it one of the fastest Swedish ground vehicles at its rank. It can change direction and manoeuvre well enough, and has a reverse speed of -6 km/h, which isn't vastly impressive, but is enough to occasionally get the vehicle out of trouble. However, as the engine is fairly weak it will struggle to climb steep hills, so try to approach these obstacles at an angle to increase the friction on the tracks.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|lvakan m/40B (20 mm)}}

The Pvlvv fm/42 is equipped with the m/40B 20 mm cannon, which sports effective performance against tanks and aircraft if the rounds hit, and especially regarding aircraft - that's not an easy task. The cannon can only elevate to 45 degrees, which commonly isn't enough to get an attack angle on most aircraft as they will be flying too high up, making this quite a tedious anti-air vehicle to use in its intended role.
[[File:Pvlvv fm 42 elevation.png|thumb|Current angle of elevation as of October 2022 is about 60 degrees. Further verification is required]]
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Note: As of October 2022 the official value of 45 degrees appears to not be the case, as practical testing shows that the maximum angle of elevation appears to be roughly 60 degrees. For a more precise description, it's the level at which the gun shield's sharp frontal edge becomes level with the hull's engine deck.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[lvakan m/40B (20 mm)|20 mm lvakan m/40B]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 108 (36) || rowspan="2" | 360 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+45° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 25.01 || 34.61 || 42.03 || 46.48 || 49.45 || rowspan="2" | 1.30 || rowspan="2" | 1.15 || rowspan="2" | 1.06 || rowspan="2" | 1.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 16.90 || 19.88 || 24.14 || 26.70 || 28.40
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}} - A 2-to-1 mix of HE and AP rounds, an effective, versatile belt.
* '''slsgr m/42:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}} - Ineffective against ground vehicles but adequate for aircraft.
* '''slpgr m/42:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}} - Very effective against ground vehicles while still being able to damage aircraft.

A further drawback of this vehicle's armament is the total ammo count at only 108 rounds with the possibility of taking 3 belts. This hugely limits its performance, especially against aircraft as acquiring the lead will usually take a fair few shots. By the time a critical shot is landed, most of the ammo will likely be gone. For this reason, it's not recommended to take a magazine of the full HE belt, as this will take up a third of the {{PAGENAME}}'s total potential ammo, meaning a third of the shots will have no effect against enemy ground targets, and given that attacking ground vehicles is a more adept method of play for this vehicle, it is best to maximise the {{PAGENAME}}'s anti-tank ability. The AP belt can cut through a max of 42 mm of flat armour, so at close range the vehicle will have no trouble knocking out the majority of enemy vehicles.

Once unlocked, it's recommended to take either three belts of AP rounds, or two belts of AP rounds with one Default belt for engaging aircraft, as the belt is still effective against both types of targets. Players can switch between this belt easily as well as the reload for changing belts is only 1.3 seconds.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || 42 || 40 || 30 || 22 || 16 || 11
|-
| slsgr m/42 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2
|-
| slpgr m/42 || 42 || 40 || 30 || 21 || 15 || 10
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Belt details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| slsgr m/42 || HEFI-T || 845 || 0.14 || 0 || 0.1 || 10.2 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| slpgr m/42 || AP-T || 845 || 0.14 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Pvlvv fm-42.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo type
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''3 180''' || ''Belts'' ''Rounds'' || 2 ''(+1)'' 72 ''(+36)'' || 1 ''(+2)'' 36 ''(+72)'' || 0 ''(+3)'' 0 ''(+108)'' || No
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Fm42 3.jpg|thumb|400px|The Pvlvv fm/42 engaging a BT-7]]

'''Anti air:'''

The lack of elevation for the cannon makes engaging aircraft tricky and sometimes impossible if the map is quite flat, as to engage aircraft this vehicle needs to be positioned on high ground or at an angle on the terrain. In general, it's not recommended to attempt to engage aircraft unless the player is confident that the plane can be taken out in one burst, as if an enemy aircraft notices the {{PAGENAME}}, they'll also likely know the {{PAGENAME}}'s flaw of being unable to elevate the gun very high, so they will simply dive right down on top of the vehicle to strafe out the crew, which is a fairly easy task as from the top the crew have no protection. Therefore, the player needs to pay constant attention to the locations and distances of enemy aircraft, and always face th gun shield to them to avoid having the gunner exposed and strafed.

Due to the extremely limited ammo capacity, this SPAA cannot enjoy the luxury of spraying shells at low-flying planes. The most potent way of downing planes is to do head-on with them as this method uses little ammo. First, locate an enemy plane and fire single shots towards their flight path. These shots would certainly miss but will hopefully get the plane's attention. Most planes might choose to strafe an SPAA for an easy kill. If they do start flying towards you, immediately enter gunner view and zoom in. This SPAA has a very good gunsight, allowing the player to clearly view a target precisely track it. As the plane dive at you, aim slightly upwards at it (at the tip of its vertical stabiliser) to compensate for shell drop. The more vertical the dive is, the closer you should aim for the very centre of the fuselage. Then give a 1-second burst while very slightly moving the mouse up and down to enlarge your shell spread, increasing the chance of scoring hits. Of course do not spread too much, the shells should be concentrated at and around the fuselage. Usually 2-4 hits will guarantee a critical hit if not a kill.

Note that even if the player has the 'camera from tank gunner view' ticked off (gun camera will be within gun barrel), the gun camera's location of this SPAA will still be below the barrel. Therefore if the target is close, aim down a bit to compensate for such layout.

'''Anti tank:'''

Despite being classed as an SPAA vehicle, it truly excels at fighting ground vehicles. As this vehicle has very little ammunition, engaging ground vehicles allows the {{PAGENAME}} to potentially maximise its shots on target. Engaging aircraft usually results in lots of missed shots, which largely isn't too much of a problem generally for SPAA as they're usually equipped with lots of ammunition, but as this vehicle isn't, all shots need to count, and as such leading shots on ground targets is much more consistent that it is the recommended way to play.

At close range, the AP belt will be able to deal with most enemy vehicles easily, though it will struggle with some French vehicles such as the [[B1 bis]], [[S.35]], and even some of the reserve vehicles. It's important to know the enemy and only engage if absolutely certain the gun can cause critical damage. Don't waste shots and avoid being destroyed, so learning the general armour layout of the enemies is an important factor here.

Aim to play around close-range sight-lines if possible, in these locations, shots will be easier to aim and the 20 mm rounds will have more penetration which is important to consider as their penetration performance drops off considerably at distances, at 500 m the shots can only cut through 30 mm of flat armour which isn't enough to deal with most enemies quickly if at all.

Luckily, as this vehicle is quite small, it's fairly easy to slip around the map unnoticed, and allows the {{PAGENAME}} to be able to hide in nooks and corners to ambush the enemy. Waiting in ambush at close range, around a cap or watching a corner, is the safest, most consistent way to play the {{PAGENAME}}. Although if confident, the {{PAGENAME}} can simply drive around in a manner similar to that of a conventional tank by spraying enemies down with the autocannon at close range without necessarily aiming, as it's quite likely the gunfire will disable them before the can fire back. Playing this way is certainly possible, but due to how weak this vehicle is, it's only recommend if the {{PAGENAME}} player is very confident and have the vehicle fully upgraded. Do also be mindful of playing around very combat heavy areas, as these locations are commonly rife with artillery fire which this vehicle is hugely weak to, so aim to engage at close-range still, but try to avoid the bulk of combat, utilise side roads and pathways out of the way to creep up to enemies on their sides. Additionally, if possible, try to play close to friendly capture points, as the {{PAGENAME}} can use them to replenish its ammo supply which will be vital in long matches.

[[File:Fm42 1.jpg|thumb|400px|Pvlvv fm/42 in winter livery]]

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Decent mobility
* Extremely fast reload allows the Pvlvv fm/42 to nearly seamlessly fire off two magazines before the gun finally overheats and jams
* Single magazine rearm on a capture point takes about 4 seconds, which allows SPAA to completely resupply while fighting back
* Effective anti-tank performance, particularly in flanking manoeuvres
* Reasonably high rate of fire
* Large drum capacity of 36 rounds
* Great gunsight zoom
* Less noticeable than truck SPAAs of other nations (irrelevant in AB)

'''Cons:'''

* Overall low ammo count
* Rate of fire is high enough to overwhelm light vehicles, but isn't high enough to just obliterate tanks or to crash down planes by firing randomly, steady aim is required
* Poor survivability due to low crew count and vulnerability to rifle-calibre machine guns from the sides and the back
* Insufficient elevation for the cannon, often unable to fire at planes which are attacking from above

== History ==

Not much is known about this tank since only one was ever built and never put into active service. The project went under the generic name ''20 mm pansarvärnsluftvärnsbandlavettage'' (20 mm anti-tank, anti-air, tracked-mount), which can be abbreviated to ''20 mm pvlvblav'' using the Swedish abbreviation system, which was a project to trial the concept of a self-propelled anti-air gun. The Swedish army had briefly trialled the Landsverk L/62 Anti I in the late '30s but no orders were made. However, with the start of WWII, it became clear that the Swedish tank units needed self-propelled anti-air support. Initially it was unknown what type of weapon was needed. On one side there was the quick firing 20 mm Bofors L/70 gun which was effective at short range engagements, and on the other side was the slower firing 40 mm Bofors L/60 gun which was effective at medium range engagements. In the end it was decided to trial both systems on self-propelled platforms.

As the end-goal was to produce an anti-air vehicle for the Swedish tank units, it was preferred if the trial vehicles were armoured and had the same mobility as the tanks. However to save money it was decided to use existing chassis for the trial vehicles instead of building new dedicated designs. The size of the 40 mm Bofors L/60 meant that it was too big for any existing tank chassis available, and had to be mounted on a terrain truck for trials. A few vehicles were built and one of these vehicles became the [[Lvtdgb m/40]]. The 20 mm Bofors L/70 however was small enough to be fitted to an existing tank chassis. As to not use up an in service tank chassis it was decided to use the chassis of the failed Landsverk L-120 tankette prototype, which had competed against the Czech CKD AH-IV tankette to become the strv m/37 and lost due to time constraint and cost.

The L-120 tankette was effectively and visually a downscaled Landsverk L-60 (the basis for the [[strv m/38]], [[strv m/39]] & [[strv m/40L]]), but with a 2 man crew and a small turret fitted with two 8 mm machine guns. To trial the 20 mm SPAAG concept the old turret had to be removed. In place of the turret an open turret ring was fitted. On this turret ring a seat and 20 mm mount was fitted. The 20 mm mount was an existing mount used for the 20 mm Bofors L/70, which had been cut down and modified to fit the turret ring and allow elevation of the gun from the seat. The mount had also been fitted with a large armoured shield in front of it to protect the gunner from frontal small arms fire and fragmentation.

The final trial vehicle was trialled sometime around 1942 but not much information is available on its actual tests. The trials seems to have gained some positive results however, as the Swedish army did order an anti-air tank in 1943 that was to be fitted with 2-3 x 20 mm Bofors L/70 cannons in an armoured turret. This vehicle would eventually evolve into the lvkv fm/43 SPAAG, which during its development traded the 20 mm guns for two 40 mm Bofors L/60 guns.

What happened to the "Pvlvv fm/42" trial vehicle is not known but it was probably used as a target on a target range like so many other vehicles of its type.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=sw_pvlvv_fm42 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="240" heights="240">
File:Fm42 2.jpg|Pvlvv fm/42 in desert livery
File:Fm42 4.jpg|Pvlvv fm/42 in standard livery
File:Fm42 5.jpg|Pvlvv fm/42 engaging an LVT
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[Flakpanzer I]]
* [[AS 42]]
* [[Type 94]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{TankManufacturer AB Landsverk}}
{{Sweden anti-aircraft vehicles}}

File:Pvlvv fm 42 elevation.png

2022-10-12T05:44:40Z

U118123450:

The current angle of elevation is roughly 60 degrees, as seen here, with the gun shield almost level with the ground, likely done to make AA work somewhat easier