War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Albatros

2024-05-20T10:37:28Z

U1112163: /* Armament */ The Albatross never ever had access to SAP since it got added to the game.

{{About
| about = German motor torpedo gun boat '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the Italian gunboat
| link = Albatros F543
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_type143_albatros
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German motor torpedo gun boat {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]] as part of the fleet closed beta test.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The Albatros' armour is lacklustre and will be only able to withstand low calibre fire and small amounts of explosive fragmentation. The bridge, hull, and turrets barely have armour, meaning they will quickly be damaged or even destroyed by 12.7 mm or 20 mm armour-piercing rounds. When it comes to components, it is easy to make ammo explosion in the Albatros as the ammunition is above the waterline. When it comes to air threats (machine gun strafes, rockets, bombs), the Albatros will be able to survive them with some exceptions to bombs. Bombs that land within a 40 m radius of the ship can cause fatal damage (it will also depend on the type of bomb, weight, TNT equivalent, etc).

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

The Albatros, as a Cold War fast attack craft, changes completely the doctrine of previous ships, meaning it compensates armour with speed. It is able to reach speeds above 40 knots (~75 km/h), making it terrifyingly fast for a ship of its with its firepower. It is more than capable of reaching the battlefield faster than other destroyers and will outrun cruisers and battleships. When it comes to manoeuvrability, the Albatros leaves nothing to be desired. It is able to do tight turns (relatively tight turns but with greater speed than other destroyers) as well as accelerate and decelerate quickly.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|76 mm/62 OTO-Melara Compact (76 mm)}}

The Albatros is armed with the powerful OTO-Melara 76 mm Compact autocannon, the same gun as seen in the [[OTOMATIC]]. They are powerful weapons which will decimate almost every vessel it faces, not only because of the calibre but also because the rate of fire, which is doubled as it has two turrets. The autocannons have access to both high explosive and proximity fuzed ammunition, this being HE and HE-VT. It is recommended to utilize HE as primary ammunition against everything but aircraft. When it comes to aircraft, HE-VT is recommended due to the proximity fuse. With the use of radar, engaging enemy targets becomes easier than engaging them with eyesight.

{{:76 mm/62 OTO-Melara Compact (76 mm)/Ammunition|76 mm DM-251, 76 mm DM-261}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

[[File:Type_143_firing_Seal_DM2A1_Torpedoes.png|350px|thumb|{{PAGENAME}} launching its two [[Seal DM2A1 (533 mm)|Seal DM2A1]] torpedoes. Note how they are facing to the rear.]]
{{main|Seal DM2A1 (533 mm)}}

Armament consists of two [[Seal DM2A1 (533 mm)|Seal DM2A1]] torpedoes mounted in tubes on the aft deck. These torpedoes are launched with their tails facing forward. Upon entering the water, they make a tight turn left until coming parallel with the launching ship's original course. They can only be aimed in a forward direction, as the tubes are static.

== Usage in battles ==

In Realistic naval battles, the Albatros is a mixed bag. Its high speed makes it great for rushing in to secure capture points and strategic positions at the start of the round. However, the ship lacks in the armour department, and with only 2 main guns, it can get overwhelmed by enemies easily. This ship is best used in a supporting role, where its awesome 76 mm OTO-Melara cannons can shred enemy ships while also benefiting from the extra firepower and protection of friendly craft. In a situation where a player finds themselves alone in the Albatros, it's best to use your speed to head toward friendly forces. It can be good in a one-on-one situation, but as soon as another enemy vessel arrives, the Albatros finds itself at a disadvantage. Torpedoes should be used in rush tactics against larger ships, however it's again advised to do so with support from other vessels. One round from a destroyer or cruiser can badly cripple or even outright sink the Albatros.

=== Pros and cons ===

[[File:Type_143_firing_its_76mm_cannons.png|350px|thumb|{{PAGENAME}} firing its main 76 mm OTO-Melara cannons.]]

'''Pros:'''

* Good speed to get into great positions before the enemy
* Fast firing 76 mm main armaments that can give even destroyers a run for their money
* Guns are stable at high speeds
* Variable time fuse shells paired with the great guns makes dealing with aircraft easy
* Access to air search and tracking radar

'''Cons:'''

* Lightly armoured
* Small crew size
* Small size means compartments and modules are packed rather tight
* Torpedo tubes are static
* Only two main guns and no secondary armament

== History ==

The Albatros-class fast attack craft was the replacement ship for the Type 141 Seeadler-class fast attack craft, a derivative of the Type 140 Jaguar fast attack craft. The design and development started in the 1960s and finished design stages in 1966. It was set under production, with the first unit being launched and commissioned in 1976.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_type143_albatros Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Gallery
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Type 143 view from aft deck.png|Type 143 Albatros view from aft deck with the cannon and torpedoes looking fore.
File:Type 143 aft deck torpedo launchers and cannon.png|Type 143 Albatros aft deck torpedo launchers and cannon.
File:Type 143 with EXOCET missile launchers.png|Type 143 mid ship MM-38 EXOCET missile launchers.
File:Type 143 dual 76 mm cannons firing.png|Type 143 dual purpose OTO Melara 76 mm guns
File:Type 143 side view.png|Type 143 Albatros Side View
File:Type 143 bow mounted OTO Melara.png|Type 143 bow mounted OTO Melara.
File:Type 143 turning at speed.png|Type 143 Albatros turning at high speed.
</gallery>

;Video
{{Youtube-gallery|YSxjrQWwEbE|'''The Shooting Range #188''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:35 discusses the Albatros-Klasse.}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Bussard]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{ShipManufacturer Lürssen}}
{{Germany boats}}

KV-IB (Germany)

2024-02-03T15:53:17Z

U1112163: /* Ammo racks */ Added a line about enabling rack 4 to be empty for 50%

{{About
| about = German heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = KV-1 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_kv_1B_finland
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|market=KV-1B
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is one of the two Finnish captured KV-1 tanks from the Soviet Union during the Finnish-Soviet conflicts. This [[KV-1E]] (model 1940) that the Finns seized near Solomennoye, Petrozavodsk at the beginning of the Continuation War. Following the German designation of KV-1B, the Finns gave it the index number Ps. 272-1 and the nickname "Klimi". The Finns put it into service in early 1942. It was one of the few modern tanks that the Finns had at that time, but it had many problems. The tank crew had poor visibility, and the tank had many technical issues that made it unreliable. The Finns also lacked spare parts, so maintenance often stretched long times. The tank saw little action in the Lapland War, after which it transferred to the Training Battalion of the Tank Brigade on October 31, 1944. The Finns did not use it much after the war, even though they kept it until 1955. Both KV-1 tanks that the Finns captured are still in the Parola Tank Museum today.

It was first unveiled in the game in [[Update_1.41#19.06.2014_-_1.41.27.12|Update 1.41.27]]. The KV-1B is identical to the Soviet [[KV-1E]]. It has extra armour plates welded to its hull and turret. The 76 mm F-32 gun is not the strongest, but it can still pack a punch with its well-filled APHEBC or HE shells. The turret rotation is slow and the mobility is average. The front and side armour is very thick, except for the weak spots on the gun mantlet and the small turret cheeks. The KV-1B is a formidable tank at its rank.

The KV-IB has been available a handful of times throughout its history, but relatively difficult to attain each time, making it one of the rarer vehicles in-game. It was first obtainable by purchasing select MSI products in Russia. In 2015, an event known as [[wt:en/news/3249/current/|"Summertime Madness"]] had the KV-1B available to be obtained as a prize. The vehicle has since been available to be obtained via events, such as the March 2016 [[wt:en/news/3610-special-team-deathmatch-win-rare-vehicles-en|"War Thunder:100"]] team deathmatch event and the Warbond shop in the [[wt:en/news/4312-shop-how-can-you-get-premium-vehicles-warbonds-en/|4th]], [[wt:en/news/5071-news-how-can-you-get-premium-vehicles-warbonds-en|5th]], and [[wt:en/news/5858-news-how-can-you-get-premium-vehicles-warbonds-en|6th]] War Thunder anniversary. Aside from these events, it is not available in-game or via the gift shop.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 75 + 25 mm (30-31°) ''Front plate'' 40 mm (72°) ''Front glacis'' 75 mm + 25 mm (26-51°) ''Lower glacis'' || 75 + 25 mm || 60 mm (13-89°) ''Top'' 70 mm (14-57°) ''Bottom'' || 30 mm
|-
| Turret || 75 + 30 mm (14°) ''Turret front'' 90 mm (1-62°) ''Gun mantlet shield'' 75 mm (4-36°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 75 + 30 mm (14-15°) || 75 mm (15-16°) || 40 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick, and tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Roof armour is quite excellent, coming in at 30 - 40 mm. It will reliably protect from most autocannons, though aircraft with good driveability and 30+ mm weaponry may still pierce it. More importantly, it makes the vehicle quite resilient against rocket strikes from vehicles such as the [[Calliope|Calliope]].
*The lower glacis, unlike most other tanks, is not a weak spot! It is significantly better angled than the upper frontal plate. Furthermore, neither the MG port nor the drivers' view slit are weak points. Discard them as targets if aiming for them.
* The gun mantlet is an extra 75 mm bolted onto the turret, with some parts having an extra 90 mm added. This results in a spaced and overlapped part with ~150 mm. Only the cheeks left and right of the mantlet bulges should be shot! However, these areas are quite small and easily missed, if the turret is traversed.
* Extra armour is not placed all over the tank, thus revealing some weaker areas on the front hull and sides.

The Finnish KV-1B has excellent protection characteristics. Above its naturally tough KV-1 body that consists primarily of 75 mm of armour, it has armour screens ranging from 25 and 30 mm thick on the hull and turret respectively. Those who fight the Soviet [[KV-1E]] may understand some weak points, but the KV-1B remains a tough tank. Another part of why the KV-1B is quite a threat is that the tank is overall quite fast once it has accelerated. Coupled with the armour, this tank can be considered quite a swift bruiser.

Among this extra armour, the KV-1B still possesses a few weak points. Starting from the hull front, the driver's hatch and bow machine gun are uncovered by the extra plating. There are some small uncovered areas in the lower glacis as well if it can be targeted. In the hull sides, the 25 mm extra armour is mostly present at the higher part of the side armour behind the suspension, so aim closer towards the wheels, or even between the suspension wheels, to hit the thinner 75 mm side. Hitting the hull sides is a recommended tactic, as behind these are the ammunition and fuel tanks, which can ignite or explode if hit, instantly destroying the KV-1B. If these extra armour platings prove too hindering, rest assured that the rear hull armour is unprotected by these extra plates, so the usual thickness of 60-70 mm at the rear can be exploited by fast and flanking vehicles to immobilize the KV-1B through the transmission and engine. However, the strong hull front and sides make an angled KV-1B a dangerous enemy as it will then be very hard to penetrate through there,

The turret is better protected than the hull with 30 mm extra plates, but some weaknesses can still be found. In the turret front, the extra armour covers the flat side area that would normally be 75 mm thick, preventing easy turret cheek shots. However, the gun mantlet cheeks that are 90 mm and the tiny area under it that is 75 mm are not covered by these extra plates. With a sufficiently powerful weapon, this frontal turret area can be the only area that is easily penetrable when a KV-1B is aiming towards the player. The turret sides are another story. With 30 mm extra armour covering a large portion of it, it might actually be one of the worst areas to shoot the KV-1B at, as the movement from the KV-1B turret, coupled with the armour, can change the shot angle and simply bounce away from the shot. Despite all this, there are still small slivers of weak points in this 30 mm plate. Right around the area where the 30 mm plates seem to intersect, there are two holes present that will reveal the 75 mm armour underneath. This allows a clean shot to the turret side and, if the enemy is carrying lots of ammunition, a chance to strike one of the ammo racks in the turret and destroy the tank. The turret rear, like the hull rear, is not protected by extra armour, so a manoeuvre around the KV-1B to these areas can allow the player to use their weaponry against the more vulnerable hull and turret rear sides.

Though the F-32 gun is at the weaker end of the Soviet 76 mm guns, it is still quite powerful against most vehicles. One firepower trait to exploit on the KV-1B is the rather slow turret traverse rate. The KV-1B will have a hard time keeping its gun on flanking vehicles, especially those that are up close to it on the sides. With allies, a small light tank can get up close and force the KV-1B to try and turn its turret and hull to keep up with the small circling tank, allowing an ally with a powerful gun to hit the KV-1B at weak points when it is concentrating on the more immediate threat of the circling tank. Nevertheless, a small light tank can do plenty of damage while outrunning the KV-1B, using the aforementioned armour weak points. The tank is helpless to a quick foe if there are no other enemy players around to assist it.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=775|rbMinHp=531}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|F-32 (76 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[F-32 (76 mm)|76 mm F-32]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 111 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 9.7 || 13.4 || 16.3 || 18.0 || 19.2 || rowspan="2" | 8.19 || rowspan="2" | 7.24 || rowspan="2" | 6.68 || rowspan="2" | 6.30
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 7.1 || 8.4 || 10.2 || 11.3 || 12.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The {{PAGENAME}} has the following ammunition available:

* BR-350A: The typical APBC with HE filler. This is the standard round most players will take as the default type. It can cause massive post-penetration damage if it does penetrate.
* BR-350B: The new APHEBC with HE filler, sacrificing some explosive post-penetration damages for raw penetrating power and solid-shot spalling post-penetration damage. Recommend taking this shot as the primary weapon to use the extra penetration values.
* OF-350M: High-explosive shell. Though it should never be used to penetrate an enemy tank, it can be useful for destroying lightly armoured vehicles with overpressure, such as trucks and the like.
* Sh-354T: Shrapnel shell. In ways, it is similar to the HE shell, except it has sufficient penetration value to deal with light tanks as well. Its explosion can also create shrapnel that can also be used against lightly armoured vehicles like HE shells.

{{:F-32 (76 mm)/Ammunition|BR-350A (MD-5 fuze), BR-350B (MD-8 fuze), OF-350M, Sh-354T}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_KV-1_(L-11).png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the [[KV-1 (L-11)]] (identical)]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''111''' || 107 ''(+4)'' || 102 ''(+9)'' || 79 ''(+32)'' || 1 ''(+110)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* Racks are modelled by sets of 5 shells (+ 1 set of 3 & 2 sets of 4) and sets disappear from the rack once all shells in the set have been loaded/fired.
* The front half of rack 4 will be empty if you carry 39 (+72) shells.
* Turret empty: 102 ''(+9)'' shells.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|DT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm DT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,024 (63) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

The small calibre of the DT machine gun makes it largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. It still can be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help. The clip capacity of the machine gun is quite poor, as it relies on a magazine of 63 bullets instead of a belt like similar machine guns from other nations.

== Usage in battles ==


In the game, this tank possesses great armour and an adequate gun. However, it may not be able to destroy the enemy from the front at times. As such, the tank may require being at a very close distance or a flank shot to disable certain targets. The defining characteristic of this tank is its armour. It can be a tough tank to destroy, given that most of the weak spots from the predecessor have been armoured and, from the front, the only weak spot is the centre of the upper hull. When using this tank, do not be afraid to advance towards the enemy, especially against tanks such as the 75 mm M4s and T-34s since they will find it very difficult to penetrate your thick armour. This tank can also be used for long-range support since when the armour is properly angled, almost no tank that it faces can pierce its armour.

The typical weapon of choice that would be used against the KV-1B would be the German long 75 mm gun seen on the Panzer IV or tank destroyers. Another weapon to take care of the tank is the Type 5 guns on the Japanese [[Na-To]] tank destroyer and [[Chi-To]] tank. However, if playing in RB/SB, there is no risk of coming up against the long 75 mm on both the German and Japanese tanks since the KV-1B is on the axis side.

Against the Allies, there are a few guns that can penetrate the KV-1B. High-velocity guns like the 76 mm, 17-pounder, and 85 mm can cut through the hull at a perpendicular angle or the turret with ease. However, these guns most likely won't be seen except in an up-tier.

===Tactics===
'''''Urban environment''''' 
Urban areas tend to result in very close-range engagements. At this range, the armour of this tank can no longer offer the degree of protection that it does at range. With this being said, urban can also present nice medium-range opportunities, such as open-air squares and long streets in which this tank can utilise its armour. Urban fighting presents the largest challenge for this tank, as close-range flank shots can easily pierce its mighty armour. As such, here are some tactics to use in a city setting:

* Hold down a street - set up in a way that minimizes the chance of being flanked while allowing for the largest angle fire. This will allow the KV-1B to fire at the enemy while minimizing the chance of getting knocked out by a close-range flank shot
* Move with a group of tanks - try to stay in the middle of a group as this will minimize the chances of a close-range flank shot. At this range, the cannon of the tank can penetrate most tanks and has a decent rate of fire, allowing it to quickly engage multiple targets.
* Never blindly drive through an intersection - always check both ways before crossing, as this presents the largest opportunity for danger for this tank.

'''Open country'''
The armour of this tank allows it to engage in the long-range fighting that defines an open country. However, the gun on this tank does not allow it to engage targets at range. This means that while playing in open country, it is a good idea to get into a good overwatch position or to charge the enemy until the KV-1B is capable of engaging at the optimal range for the 76 mm weapon. While the armour on this tank is among the best for the enemies it faces, there are still certain tanks to worry about. The main tanks to work about are those with the American 76 mm, German 75 mm L/48, Soviet 57 mm and 85 mm, and of course all the large calibre guns such as the KV-2. These weapons are capable of piercing through the KV-1B armour at range, though this requires a lucky hit on an un-angled plate. Here are some tips when fighting in an open country:

* Always angle the tank - the untangled armour is good, but it is nearly impossible to pierce when properly angled.
* Don't be afraid to expose the tank - use the armour to give a degree of freedom in finding the targets.
* Advance - take the point or lead the charge, the KV-1B has the armour to break through enemy lines.

'''Hill country'''

This is the type of terrain that this tank excels in. The average range of engagements allows for both the armour and gun to shine. This type of terrain also makes flanking hard, since going over a hill exposes a tank to fire from multiple directions. Even with this, don't forget to check your surroundings. Here are some tips and tactics for fighting in this environment:

* Move through the area between hills - this will allow a degree of control on where the enemy will come from and angle the armour in accordance.
** Going over large hills can be dangerous as it exposes the KV-1B to fire from all directions and also exposes the bottom of the tank to fire.
* Check your surroundings - while it is dangerous to go over hills, many newer players will attempt to do this and will sometimes manage to flank the tank.

'''Long range'''

This tank does not excel here due to the low penetration of the gun. However, the armour of this tank makes it almost invulnerable to enemy fire at long ranges. Due to this, it is possible to safely attack enemies with little fear of penetrating return fire. Just remember to properly angle the tank to maximize its armour. While long-range combat is not the best option for this tank, it can use its armour to sit in positions that no other tank could do safely. When using this tank from long range, the first piece of advice would be to close in on the enemy, though this is sometimes not possible. When one finds that long-range combat is necessary or is a preferred strategy, one can place this tank in a highly visible position to draw enemy fire. This will allow teammates to find the enemy and eliminate them. This will also allow for one to choose their target since its gun necessitates shooting at weakly armoured targets or the sides and rear of tanks.

'''Medium range'''

This tank excels in medium-range combat due to its great armour. Many tanks it faces will find penetrating this tank almost impossible even from the side due to the additional armour.

'''Close range'''

This tank does not excel here due to bad mobility, and the greatest strength of this tank, its great armour, is no longer as potent.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Amazing protection and survivability thanks to the add-on armour all around it
* Features a unique Finnish camouflage
* Good reload time of around 7 seconds
* Gun does a lot of damage upon penetration
* Thick roof armour (30-40 mm) effectively protects it against strafing planes
* Located on the German lineup, won't face dangerous guns like the KwK 40 in RB or SB.

'''Cons:'''

* Gun has weak penetration, even medium tanks (e.g. [[T-34 (Family)|T-34]]) require you to target weak spots
* Sluggish mobility: bleeds lots of speed when turning, below-average acceleration, and slow reverse speed
* No access to APCR shells, heavy tanks like the [[Churchill I]] can be tough to destroy
* Still has weak spots: driver's port (75 mm) and the frontmost area of the hull sides (75 mm)
* Appears like a Soviet KV-1 so you may be mistakenly team killed in SB

== History ==


===Development of KV-1===
The development of the KV-1 heavy tank began after the numerous flaws of the [[T-35]] multi-turreted tank came to light. Designers were ordered to draw up new designs to become the basis of a breakthrough heavy tank as deemed necessary by Soviet combat doctrine. This called for a tank that was heavily armoured, but not very mobile as it was to be for siege warfare. The designs offered all had heavy armour, and wide tracks, and used the torsion-bar suspension. The designs were the [[SMK]], T-100, and what would become the '''KV tank''', which was named after the then Soviet Defense Commissar '''K'''liment '''V'''oroshilov.

As the prototypes were being developed and tested, the Winter War with Finland began. The Soviets sent these tanks into Finland for combat testing, and the KV design outperformed its contemporaries in every way with its superior armour and firepower. The armour on the KV tank was impenetrable by most tank cannons in service and most anti-tank guns as well, the 76.2 cannon also gave it a huge firepower boost compared to the usual 37 mm in use by other countries. However, the design was found to be difficult to steer, the transmission was unreliable, the ergonomics were poor and vision was limited. At 45-tons, it was also a very heavy tank for its time. In truth, while formidable in firepower and protection, it gained a bad reputation among its crews. The main variant of production before World War II broke out was the '''KV-1''' model.

The initial production in 1939 had the KV-1 equipped with an [[KV-1 (L-11)|L-11 cannon]], and later this was upgraded to the F-32 in 1940, then to the [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)|F-34 (or ZiS-5) cannon]] in 1941. The Model 1941 production also had the KV-1 up-armoured for increased survivability. The tank had an additional 25-35 mm of armour added to the turret, hull front and sides. The turret was also now made of cast construction rather than welded. This KV-1 construction was designated the '''KV-1B''' and it served with the Soviet Union as a response to crew complaints about the inadequacy of the KV tanks and while the changes did little to mitigate this criticism, the additional protection was welcomed by its crews. However, the increased armour on the KV-1B caused an increased weight and lowered its top speed. The tank could only do about 19 mph (30 km/h) on roads and went even slower in cross-country. The operational range of the vehicle was only 155 miles (250 kilometres).

===Captured usage===
Finnish troops captured many Soviet armoured vehicles during the Winter War and Continuation War. Among these were KV-1B's, which the Finnish affectionately nicknamed the "Klimi". This KV-1B (real model is KV-1E) was captured near Solomennoye, Petrozavodsk at the start of the Continuation War. A second KV-1, a 1942 model was captured around the same time. The KV-1s and other tanks in Finnish service fought off the Soviets when they invaded Finland again in the Continuation War in June 1944. The KV-1B "Klimi" was used in various battles, such as the Battle of Tali-Ihantala, in defence against the Soviets. This conflict ended with the treaty agreement between the Soviet Union and Finland for peace in late August 1944. Both Finnish KV-1s survived the war and can now be found in the tank museum at Parola.

Several KV-1s survived the war, most as monuments, but also in museums, along with several reproductions. Only one genuine KV-1 was restored to running condition in Russia after it was found at the bottom of the Neva River. One Cast-turret KV-1 (1941) can also be found at the Bovington Tank Museum in England.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_kv_1B_finland Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|TAsKF9jjBSY|'''Tank Review Gameplay - RARE Premium {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''Jim Chamberlin''|SQ1JGMeRYZA|'''Rare Tank - {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''Krebs''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[KV-1 (Family)]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Churchill III]]
* [[ARL-44 (ACL-1)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/792--en|[Historical] Zinovy Kolobanov's feat of arms]]
* [[wikipedia:Kliment_Voroshilov_tank|[Wikipedia] Kliment Voroshilov tank]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/soviet/soviet_KV-1.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> KV-1]

{{TankManufacturer Kirov}}
{{Germany heavy tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

M42 (Italy)

2022-09-03T00:02:42Z

U1112163: /* History */ Removed the last two sentences, because using words like "most likely" isn't proof. On top of that, the Flakvierling has been in service since 1940, this thing came to be in M42. Guess that makes the M42 a copy of the Flakvierling then hmm?

{{About
| about = Italian SPAA '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = M42 (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_m15_42_contraereo
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened as just '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''', also nicknamed "Quadruplo") is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian self-propelled anti-aircraft gun {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret, turret frame)
* Gun steel (guns)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 50 mm (12°) ''Upper plate'' 25 + 30 mm (12°) ''MG bulge'' 25 mm (80°) ''Front glacis'' 30 mm (15°) ''Lower plate'' || 25 mm (8°) ''Top'' 25 mm ''Bottom'' 30 mm (9-12°) ''MG bulge'' || 25 mm ''Upper part'' 25 mm (15°) ''Lower part'' || 25 mm (10°) ''Front glacis'' 25 mm ''Crew compartment'' 8 mm (15°) ''Rear section - Engine'' 5-25 mm (8°) ''Rear section - Radiator vents''
|-
| Turret || 15 mm ''Turret front'' 25 + 15 mm ''Turret ring'' || 15 mm (14°) 25 + 15 mm ''Turret ring'' || 15 mm (17°) 25 + 15 mm ''Turret ring''
!
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick and bogies 10 mm thick.
* The belly is 14 mm thick and mudguards are 4 mm thick.
* The turret is reinforced with a 10 mm thick framing supporting the quadruple gun mount.
* The hull-mounted MG has been removed and the port has been obturated.

The {{PAGENAME}} is based off the M15/42 hull, with an opened top turret surrounding the crew members. The gunner does have an exposed spot in the front, and if shown to the enemy, can be machine-gunned easily without them to have to fire their main cannon. The turret may protect you from small rifle-calibre bullets, but .50 calibre and up, especially on the M4 Sherman will be able to penetrate your turret from anywhere, as it is generally weak against them. The hull armour is decent, still keeping the armour from the M15/42 hull, but don't expect to tank a lot of shots, as most of your enemies will have better calibre weapons, mostly encountering 75 mm and Russian 76.2 mm cannons. You may be able to bounce some smaller calibre shells like the 37 mm cannons but don't rely on your hull armour as your turret will most likely be targeted by the enemy. You have a small crew count of 3 members, and with two in the turret, and having okay armour, you'll usually die in one hit.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=263|rbMinHp=164}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Scotti-IF 20/70 mod.41 (20 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Scotti-IF 20/70 mod.41 (20 mm)|20 mm Scotti-IF 20/70 mod.41]] (x4) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 640 (160) || rowspan="2" | 600 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+90° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 52.8 || 73.1 || 88.8 || 98.2 || 104.5 || rowspan="2" | 5.20 || rowspan="2" | 4.60 || rowspan="2" | 4.24 || rowspan="2" | 4.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 35.7 || 42.0 || 51.0 || 56.4 || 60.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - The standard belt fits the anti-aircraft role.
* '''Granata mod.35:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} - This belt is perfect for shooting at aircraft.
* '''Perforante mod.35:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - This belt is adapted to destroy lightly armoured targets.
* '''PzGr 40:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} - This is the most powerful belt that can help you even take on armoured targets, although you lose almost all your penetrating power above 500 m so use it in CQC.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || 38 || 36 || 27 || 19 || 14 || 10
|-
| Granata mod.35 || 38 || 36 || 27 || 19 || 14 || 10
|-
| Perforante mod.35 || 38 || 36 || 27 || 19 || 14 || 10
|-
| PzGr 40 || 48 || 45 || 31 || 20 || 14 || 10
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''4''' || 0 ''(+4)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Ammo is modeled as 4 magazines of 160 rounds each.
* It is not possible to select how many rounds to bring into battle.
* It is possible to take only one type of ammo into battle.

== Usage in battles ==

In Realistic battles, the Quadruplo is best used in the support role when tank hunting, sticking with teammates, assisting them and potentially distracting the enemy. Your best bet of killing any tank, usually a Sherman, Cromwell or T-34, is from the side as the HVAP will pierce through their side armour, killing the tank. Light tanks such as M24s, Stuarts and Crusaders are able to be penetrated from the front, but usually this is only in close range engagements. T-50 and other slightly armoured light tanks will be tougher to kill, but you're still able to flank them. You can kill basically any SPAA you see, as you'll usually encounter trucks or armoured cars. Ambush and surprise tactics are good options to kill tanks effectively, as the enemy will stroll past you, usually showing their side armour. Aggressive play styles are suggested to get the most out of the Quadruplo, similar to playing a Wirbelwind when tank hunting. Try not to expose yourself too much and move from cover to cover, as one hit from a tank shell, usually APHE, will knock you out in one shot, or the machine guns pierce your turret armour and kill both your gunner and commander. When it comes to shooting down planes in the Quadruplo, it is best to get their attention so they try to strafe you, or surprise them as they come closer to you, when you have a good shot as they won't have enough reaction time to evade your shots if they connect. Be mindful that you are open-topped, and you're less likely to survive a strafe run. It should also be noted that shooting continuously will sway the hull back and forth, which will make your aim go up and down.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* PzGr 40 shells are great at penetrating tanks from the sides and knocking out modules
* High mobility when spaded
* Great armour for a SPAA
* Guns have a very high rate of fire
* Guns are placed very close together

'''Cons:'''

* PzGr 40 is tier IV modification
* Performance is inadequate when stock
* Gap in the gunner's position of the turret armour
* Turret can be penetrated by .50 cals heavy machine guns
* High rate of fire makes it more difficult to adjust fire against planes
* 2 of 3 crew members crammed inside the turret
* Hull rocks back and forth when firing causing some rounds to miss
* Low ammunition count compared to its high rate of fire

== History ==

{{main|M15/42#History|l1=History of the M15/42}}

The history of the M42 Contraereo began during the late stages of the Second World War. In the years following 1942, the Royal Italian army would set out a request for a mobile platform which could mount a special anti-air mount to bolster and provide protection to Italian mechanised columns. At the time they would be subject to very frequent air raids by the British RAF. Although they had some anti-air coverage, it was not enough for their needs. Ground units only really widely access to single 20 mm mounts, usually installed on armoured trucks.

To save time and to reduce maintenance costs, the Italian army opted to go with the M15/42 tank to be used as the basis for the SPAA platform. The original turret would be removed and completely replaced with a new polygonal welded open turret, containing quadruple 20 mm Scotti Isotta Fraschini anti-air cannons. The turret could accommodate belt-fed munitions or clip-fed munitions. At the time this was actually one of the better anti-air vehicles made, not many countries had something remotely comparable, but it would not be long until the Germans had gained a particular interest in the vehicle which would play later on. The first prototype of the M42 Contraereo would be completed by January or February 1943, it would then also be presented for trials at the "Centro Studi Motorizzazione dell'esercito" (in English: "Center for motorization of the army").

In terms of mobility, the M42 kept pretty much all the previous stats of the M15/42 tank, meaning it could reach speeds of up to 40 km/h. When it came to survivability, it also kept the same protection values as the previous M15/42 tank it was based of, however it is good to note that the removal of the 2 x Breda 38 machine guns that previously would be installed in the hull, would instead be covered by a 42 mm armour plate. The new anti-air turret was for the most part exposed to incoming enemy fire, and did not offer adequate protection levels.

As development of this anti-air platform continued, it's likely that a handful of prototypes were made. What ceased the further development of the vehicle however was the 8th of September Armistice of Cassibile. During the confusion of leadership in Italy, the Germans would use that as an advantage to invade the north of Italy and set up a puppet state lead by Mussolini. Due to this, the Germans took over any production factories, any vehicle development and would integrate it into the German army. In this case, at least one unit of the M42 Contraereo was captured by the German army.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_m15_42_contraereo Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|_PxXdDCbHnI|'''Whirly Boi Moved To Italy - {{PAGENAME}} 600 Rounds/Min''' - ''PhlyDaily''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[M15/42]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Wirbelwind]]
* [[Crusader AA Mk II]]
* [[ZSD63]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Semovente_da_20/70_quadruplo|[Wikipedia] Semovente da 20/70 quadruplo]]

{{TankManufacturer FIAT-Ansaldo}}
{{Italy anti-aircraft vehicles}}

HMS Spey

2022-01-27T19:35:45Z

U1112163: /* Pros and cons */ adding the (temporary) con stating that the bugged damage model still makes the ship function as a folded paper ship in the middle of an Atlantic storm.

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_frigate_river
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|market=River class (K-246) (Britain)
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} British gunboat {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in the [[wt:en/news/6293/current|Operation H.E.A.T event]] during [[Update 1.89 "Imperial Navy"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}


The River class does not have much in the way of armour. The hull of the ship is made from 8 mm thick steel, with the superstructure being made of 4 mm thick steel. This is enough to repel damage from low calibre machine-guns but does little against the cannons and auto-cannons commonly found at this battle rating. The only armour on the ship is around some of the gun shields.

;Armour Layout

* Ship Construction
** Hull: 8 mm steel
** Superstructure: 4 mm steel
* 5 mm Anti-fragmentation armour - Main calibre (102 mm) turrets gun shields
* 12.7 mm Hardened armour - AA (20 mm) turrets gun shields

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}


The River class is not particularly fast, with a top speed less than that of destroyers. However, it is relatively manoeuvrable for its size. Despite this you must remember the River class is no small vessel. Because of your size, you're a prime target for torpedoes and you need to be aware of your surroundings and the likely direction of enemy torpedoes if you wish to avoid them in time.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|4 inch/45 Mark XVI (102 mm)}}

The primary armament of the River class consists of two Mark XIX 102 mm cannons, located at the front and rear of the ship. These are powerful cannons at the River class's battle rating; the HE shells can cause devastating damage to torpedo boats and sometimes destroy them in a single salvo. Even against larger ships, the HE shells can cause significant damage, which coupled with the high rate of fire (3 - 3.9 second reload depending on the crew) allows you to kill enemy vessels very quickly.

The semi-armour piecing shells have a fairly good penetration of 137 mm at 1 km, this is better than the SAP shells found on most British destroyers, however the explosive mass is 600 g of TNT, less than the 700 - 900 g usually found on British destroyer guns.

;Primary Armament

* 1 x 102 mm Mark XIX cannon, forward turret, 200 rounds of ammo
** Horizontal guidance: ±180°
** Vertical guidance: -4° / +60°
** Horizontal targeting speed: 10°/s
** Vertical targeting speed: 10°/s
* 1 x 102 mm Mark XIX cannon, aft turret, 200 rounds of ammo
** Horizontal guidance: ±180°
** Vertical guidance: -3° / +60°
** Horizontal targeting speed: 10°/s
** Vertical targeting speed: 8°/s

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|QF Mark VII (40 mm)}}

The River class has a very powerful secondary armament of two 40 mm QF Mark VII auto-cannons. These are mounted in turrets on each side of the ship, just aft of the midpoint. The positioning of these turrets means they can both engage vessels on the same side, in an 80-degree arc from the front of the ship, this allows them to cause substantial damage to enemy ships within this area.

The 40 mm QF Mark VII is an extremely potent weapon, with a good rate of fire, and a shell large enough to pierce most armour found at this tier it is capable of causing incredible amounts of damage to both enemy ships and aircraft.

;Secondary Armament

* 2 x 40 mm QF Mark VII auto-cannon, mid-ship turrets, 2,000 rounds of ammo each
** Horizontal guidance: ±180°
** Vertical guidance: -10° / +90°
** Horizontal targeting speed: 40°/s
** Vertical targeting speed: 34°/s

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)}}

In addition to its 40 mm secondary turrets the River class also has a pair of single Oerlikon Mk.II 20 mm auto-cannons mounted on each side of the bridge for anti-aircraft use. The Oerlikon's have a decent rate of fire and damage and are more than capable of taking down most aircraft you will face with little issue. It is also possible to use them against lightly armoured enemy ships, however, their damage is fairly limited and their mediocre gun depression coupled with high mounting location means they cannot effectively engage targets at less than about 200 m range.

;Anti-aircraft Armament

* 2 x 20 mm Oerlikon Mk.II auto-cannon, either side of bridge, 2,400 rounds of ammo each
** Horizontal guidance: ±180°
** Vertical guidance: -5° / +65°

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.VII depth charge|Mk.10 Hedgehog mortar|Y-gun Mk.VII depth charge}}

The River class can carry a truly staggering assortment of depth charges, of three different types. The first component consists of 34 Mk.VII depth charges which are dropped into the water from two dispensers on the stern of the ship (in the same manner as on the [[Flower class (K-218)|Flower class]]). The next component of the River class's depth charge armament consists of 48 Mk.VII depth charges distributed evenly between 8 depth charge mortars (6 chargers per mortar). There are four mortars on each side located at the rear of the ship, two mortars on each side launch depth charges directly out the side of the ship, with the other two are angled, pointing rearwards at approximately 45°. The final component is a 24 shot Mk.10 Hedgehog mortar (with another 24 depth charges in stock to reload it). This mortar is mounted on the bow of the ship and is capable of rapidly shooting 24 depth charges covering an area between about 200 m and 400 m directly in front of the ship.

== Usage in battles ==


The River class's size allows you to choose to spawn at either the destroyer / large ships spawn or at the small ships (torpedo boats) spawn, which spawn you choose will determine how you play the River class. At the large ships spawn you can play as a mini destroyer and use your decent cannons to engage enemy ships at longer distances.

When taken into battle with the small ships the River class can be used as somewhat of a brawler. You can use your large calibre guns to devastate smaller torpedo boats (if you can hit them) and use the secondary 40 mm cannons to consistently shred fast-moving targets. The River classes large size, some armour, and fairly large crew means it can take a reasonable beating, however ships of powerful auto-cannons can still rapidly deplete your crew, and short-range torpedo attacks are always a major threat.

A safer option can be to keep out of the immediate area of the main fight use your impressive armament to rain down destruction from a distance while being somewhat safer from enemy return fire and torpedoes.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good primary armament
* Lethal secondary armament can be used effectively against ships and aircraft
* Adequate anti-aircraft armament
* Carries an astounding amount of depth charges
* Fairly manoeuvrable (considering its size)
* Can take a reasonable beating
* Rear turret can point quite far forwards, allowing you to hiot most targets with both of your main guns
* All turrets can rotate a full 360° so switching to a target on the other side of the ship is less of an issue than on some other ships

'''Cons:'''

* Fairly slow
* Very large target
* Armour is lacking
* Turrets susceptible to damage, leaving you in precarious situations
* Large engine / transmission assembly prone to frequent damage and fires
* Ships with quick-firing autocannons can rapidly deplete your crew
* The broken damage model as of 1-1-2022 still hasn't been fixed, resulting in it being as large as a destroyer but with the survivability of a motor torpedo boat

== History ==


The River-class frigates were developed in the early 1940s on the same premise as the preceding Flower-class corvettes; quick and cheap to build convoy escort vessels which would protect merchant shipping in the North Atlantic from the ever-growing axis submarine threat. Unlike the Flower-class corvettes, however, River-class frigates were larger, had a longer range and were overall more suitable for operations in the North Atlantic.

Production of the River-class frigates began in 1941, with the first vessels being completed in the following year. Overall, over 150 River-class frigates would be built throughout WW2, of which only 17 were lost in combat actions.

River-class frigates primarily served with the Royal Navy, but they also served with many other nations during WW2, such as Canada, Australia, the USA, France, Netherlands and South Africa. They remained popular even after the war, serving with Denmark, Norway, New Zealand, India, Portugal, Egypt, Argentina, Chile and many more nations! The last River-class frigates were decommissioned from military service during the 1970s.

''- From [[wt:en/news/6297-development-river-class-k-246-off-shore-defender-en/|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_frigate_river Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* [[Flower class (K-218)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6297-development-river-class-k-246-off-shore-defender-en/|[Development<nowiki>]</nowiki> River class (K-246): Off shore defender]]

{{ShipManufacturer Smiths Dock Company}}
{{Britain boats}}
{{Britain premium ships}}