War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

USS Bennion

2024-06-03T19:34:24Z

U111069508: /* Usage in battles */ syntax edit for previous edit to methods for dealing with light cruisers

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_destroyer_fletcher_bennion
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a member of the [[Fletcher (Family)|Fletcher-class]] destroyers, the first generation of destroyers developed by the U.S. after the disintegration of the Washington and London Naval Treaties during World War II. The Fletcher class was meant to be larger and carry more armament due to dissatisfaction with earlier destroyer classes. She was named for Captain Mervyn S. Bennion, a commander of USS West Virginia who was killed during the attack on Pearl Harbor. She was laid down on 19th March 1943 and commissioned on 14th December 1943. During the Battle of Surigao Strait in October 1944, Bennion torpedoed and sunk Japanese Fusō-class battleship Yamashiro. Before the aforementioned battle and also after it, she served as picket ship and fighter director through the Marianas, Philippines, and Iwo Jima and Okinawa campaigns. For her duty, she received the Presidential Unit Citation and was awarded with eight battle stars. She was placed into reserve on 20th June 1946 and sold for scrap many years later on 30th May 1973.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]] as an Xbox-exclusive vehicle purchasable on the [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/war-thunder-uss-bennion/c13lc0czw316?activetab=pivot:overviewtab Microsoft Store]. As a Fletcher-class destroyer, the USS Bennion resembles its sister ships [[USS Fletcher]] and [[USS Cowell]] in terms of performance characteristics. The most distinctive differences the USS Bennion has compared to its sisters is its unique dazzle camouflage, following the MS-32/13D design pattern. Compared to its closer relative, the Cowell, the Bennion possess an extra 5,000 rounds of 40 mm Bofors ammunition.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

As part of the Fletcher-class family, the USS Bennion's armour profile is not so different from its sisters, with armour plates covering the individual 127 mm gun turrets and primarily hull protection at the sides and roof.

'''Armour type:'''

* Antifragmentation armour
* Cast homogeneous armour
* Hardened armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Bow (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Stern !! Deck
|-
| Hull || N/A || 13 mm (0-24°) || N/A || 13 mm (85-89°)
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Turrets || 3.2 mm ''Front'' 15 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 3.2 mm || 3.2 mm || 3.2 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* The fire-control radar atop the bridge is covered with an antifragmentation armour with 19 mm thickness.
* Gun shields around the 20 mm Oerlikon autocannons are 12.7 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}


{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)|5 inch/38 Mk.12]] (x5)
|-
! colspan="6" | Turrets (Bow to stern)
|-
! || Turret 1 || Turret 2 || Turret 3 || Turret 4 || Turret 5
|-
! scope="row" | Vertical guidance
| colspan="5" | -15°/+85°
|-
! scope="row" | Horizontal guidance
| colspan="2" | ±150° || ±143° || colspan="2" | ±150°
|-
! scope="row" | Ammo capacity
| colspan="6" | 1,800
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch AAC Mk.34, 5 inch Common Mk.32, 5 inch SP Common Mk.46, 5 inch AAVT Mk.31}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (40 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors L/60 Mark 1]] (x10)
|-
! colspan="6" | Turrets (Bow to stern)
|-
! || Front port turret (x2) || Front starboard turret (x2) || Middle port turret (x2) || Middle starboard turret (x2) || Rear turret (x2)
|-
! scope="row" | Vertical guidance
| colspan="2" | -15°/+88° || colspan="2" | -10°/+88° || -15°/+88°
|-
! scope="row" | Horizontal guidance
| -150°/+90° || -90°/+150° || -180°/+20° || -20°/+180° || ±180°
|-
! scope="row" | Ammo capacity
| colspan="6" | 25,000
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
* '''40 mm HE clips:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''40 mm AP clips:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}

{{:Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (40 mm)/Ammunition|HEFI-T, AP-T}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | [[Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)|20 mm Oerlikon Mk.II]] (x7)
|-
! colspan="8" | Turrets (Bow to stern)
|-
! || Front port turret || Middle port turret || Front starboard turret || Middle starboard turret || Rear port turret || Rear starboard turret || Rear stern turret
|-
! scope="row" | Vertical guidance
| -80°/+65° || ±100° || -65°/+80° || ±100° || colspan="3" | ±180°
|-
! scope="row" | Horizontal guidance
| colspan="7" | -4°/+50°
|-
! scope="row" | Ammo capacity
| colspan="7" | 16,800
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.15 (533 mm)|Mk.6 mortar depth charge}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="9" | 533 mm steam turbined Mk.15 torpedo (x10)
|-
! Mode !! Mass (kg) !! Maximum speed in water (km/h) !! Travel distance (km) !! Depth stroke (m) !! Arming distance (m) !! Explosive type !! Explosive mass (kg)
|-
| Stock || rowspan="2" | 1,559 || 83 || 5.50 || rowspan="2" | 1.0 || rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | TNT || rowspan="2" | 224
|-
| Torpedo mode || 62 || 9.15
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Bennion is a powerful American destroyer that is very versatile. There can be 3 main jobs for the Bennion to do:

*'''Gunfighter'''

With its fast firing armament, it is definitely capable of fighting other destroyers. Load APHE for your main guns, and you can start firing against enemy ships from mid to long range. Try disabling the enemies' engine room or gun turrets to prevent them from escaping or fighting back effectively. You also have ten torpedoes, so you can use them in any tricky situation. Should you be outmatched, try turning away and using a smoke screen to conceal yourself.

*'''Anti-air ship'''

The Bennion has lots of anti-air weaponry. The deadliest will be your ten Bofors and five 127 mm cannons. Let your AI gunners shoot from long distance using radio fuse HE shells. Once enemy aircraft come close enough, you should either take control of the Bofors or the main guns themselves to deal with enemies. As always, lead your target and take into account your ship's momentum if you need to. The ship can fire all of its anti-aircraft guns when the enemy is directly above the ship. Try turning to the side to allow more guns to fire if the enemy is coming from an angle. The radio-fuse shells will make quick work of any enemy aircraft or at least critically damage them to the point that they will not be able to make their attack run, while the Bofors will chew down many smaller planes.

*'''Light craft hunter'''

The Bofors also allow the Bennion to hunt PT boats and other small craft very well. From longer distances, use HE or Radio HE shells to try to hit enemy PT boats and deal splash damage to them. Once you move in closer, take command of your Bofors, load their Universal or HE belts, and slice the PT boats to ribbons. For larger gunboats, using your main guns are still an option. Since you are a destroyer, you are armoured enough to be immune to most of their small cannon and machine gun fire. Your main threat at this point is torpedo boats. Try targeting any PT boats that are heading in your direction. PT boats such as the [[LS 3]] and [[G-5]] are dangerous since they are small, fast and can carry 2 torpedoes. Be sure you make your course erratic and hard to hit, and always be ready to change course in the event that you detect an incoming torpedo. Keep in mind, if a torpedo hits: game over.

In terms of opposition:

* [[BTD-1]]: This plane can carry 2 torpedoes which can kill you very quickly, or can attack you from high altitude with a 2,000 lb bomb. Try prioritizing these aircraft to shoot down first.
* [[SKR-1]]: This patrol ship can shoot very rapidly and deal a lot of damage to your ship. Try engaging it from long range, where your shells will have the advantage.
* Light cruisers: Light cruisers will have better guns that are capable of beating you in a straight-up gun duel. Try avoiding them or disabling their vital parts, or requesting help, or you can attempt a torpedo attack but this is risky and may result in the loss of your vessel before your torpedoes impact.
* PT boats: Certain PT boats who penetrate your line of defences might pose a danger by launching off torpedoes. Use your Bofors to try to mow down any PT boat that gets too close, and always be manoeuvring to dodge.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Dual-purpose 5-inch guns
* Access to proximity-fuze shells for anti-aircraft duties

'''Cons:'''

* More protected only against fragmentation and shrapnel than against shells

== History ==

[[File:HistoricImage USS Bennion (DD-662) underway.jpg|alt=Featured Image: Historical image of USS Bennion underway on 13 January 1945.|frameless|right|x250px|U.S. Navy destroyer USS Bennion (DD-662) underway on 13 January 1945]]

The Fletcher-class destroyers were conceived as a 2,100 ton class destroyer following the underwhelming construction of the Benson and Gleaves-class destroyers that could not equip a total of five 5-inch guns and ten torpedoes. The design was approved in 27 January 1940 by the Secretary of the Navy, Charles Edison, with construction plans expanded after the Battle of France in Europe when Congress passed the Two-Ocean Navy Act on July 19th, allowing for the construction of 115 destroyers. The Fletcher-class destroyers began construction in October 1941, with eleven shipyards involved in their production. By the war's end, 175 Fletcher-class destroyers were produced.<ref name="McCombUSADestroyers" />

The '''USS Bennion''' was first laid down on 19 March 1943 at the Boston Navy Yard, named after Captain Mervyn S. Bennion, who was killed during the Japanese Pearl Harbor attack on 07 December 1941 while commanding the USS West Virginia battleship.<ref name="NavSourceBennion" /> The destroyer, christened by Bennion's widow, was launched on 04 July 1943, and following sea trials was commissioned into service on 14 December 1943 with Joshua W. Cooper in command.<ref name="BennionHisCentral" /> The USS Bennion was put into service in Destroyer Squadron 56 in Destroyer Division 111.<ref name="McCombUSADestroyers" />

USS Bennion left for the Pacific on 03 March 1944, conducting training around Pearl Harbor until May 29th. From then, the USS Bennion joined the Pacific War as a fighter director and radar picket ship and saw action at Saipan, Tinian, Guam, Peliliu, Philippines, Leyte Gulf, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa.<ref name="BennionHisCentral" /> At Leyte Gulf, the USS Bennion was involved in the Battle of Surigao Strait, where it assisted with the sinking of the Japanese battleship Yamashiro.<ref name="BennionSurigao" /> For the USS Bennion's actions off of Okinawa, the destroyer received eight battle stars and a presidential unit citation.<ref name="BennionHisCentral" /><ref name="BennionCitation" />

After the war, the USS Bennion was sent to the Puget Sound Navy Yard on 21 October 1945 before being decommissioned on 20 June 1946 and became part of the reserve fleet. USS Bennion was stricken from the register on 15 April 1971 and was sold in 30 May 1973 and broken up for scrap.<ref name="BennionHisCentral" />

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Fletcher (Family)]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[USS Aylwin]]
* [[Harukaze|JDS Harukaze]]

== External links ==


* [https://www.historycentral.com/navy/destroyer/Benniondd662.html [History Central<nowiki>]</nowiki> USS Bennion DD 662]
* [http://www.navsource.org/archives/05/662.htm [Navsource<nowiki>.org]</nowiki> USS BENNION (DD-662)]

=== References ===
<references>
<ref name="McCombUSADestroyers">McComb, Dave, and Paul Wright. ''US Destroyers, 1942-45: Wartime Classes''. Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2010</ref>
<ref name="BennionHisCentral">History Central. "USS Bennion DD 662." History Central, 1999, [https://www.historycentral.com/navy/destroyer/Benniondd662.html Website]</ref>
<ref name="NavSourceBennion">Willshaw, Fred. "USS BENNION (DD-662)." NavSource Naval History, [https://www.navsource.org/archives/05/662.htm Website]</ref>
<ref name="BennionSurigao">Holloway, James L. "Second Salvo at Surigao Strait." U.S. Naval Institute, Oct. 2010, [https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/2010/october/second-salvo-surigao-strait Website]</ref>
<ref name="BennionCitation">Parkinson, Bill. "USS Bennion DD 662 Presidential Unit Citation." Destroyer History Foundation, [http://destroyerhistory.org/fletcherclass/ussbennion_puc/ Website]</ref>
</references>

{{ShipManufacturer Boston Navy Yard}}
{{USA destroyers}}
{{USA premium ships}}

USS Bennion

2024-06-03T19:32:17Z

U111069508: /* Usage in battles */ Changed Copy-pasted names from USS Cowell 'Usage in battles' and added Torpedo attack as a method for dealing with light cruisers

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_destroyer_fletcher_bennion
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a member of the [[Fletcher (Family)|Fletcher-class]] destroyers, the first generation of destroyers developed by the U.S. after the disintegration of the Washington and London Naval Treaties during World War II. The Fletcher class was meant to be larger and carry more armament due to dissatisfaction with earlier destroyer classes. She was named for Captain Mervyn S. Bennion, a commander of USS West Virginia who was killed during the attack on Pearl Harbor. She was laid down on 19th March 1943 and commissioned on 14th December 1943. During the Battle of Surigao Strait in October 1944, Bennion torpedoed and sunk Japanese Fusō-class battleship Yamashiro. Before the aforementioned battle and also after it, she served as picket ship and fighter director through the Marianas, Philippines, and Iwo Jima and Okinawa campaigns. For her duty, she received the Presidential Unit Citation and was awarded with eight battle stars. She was placed into reserve on 20th June 1946 and sold for scrap many years later on 30th May 1973.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]] as an Xbox-exclusive vehicle purchasable on the [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/war-thunder-uss-bennion/c13lc0czw316?activetab=pivot:overviewtab Microsoft Store]. As a Fletcher-class destroyer, the USS Bennion resembles its sister ships [[USS Fletcher]] and [[USS Cowell]] in terms of performance characteristics. The most distinctive differences the USS Bennion has compared to its sisters is its unique dazzle camouflage, following the MS-32/13D design pattern. Compared to its closer relative, the Cowell, the Bennion possess an extra 5,000 rounds of 40 mm Bofors ammunition.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

As part of the Fletcher-class family, the USS Bennion's armour profile is not so different from its sisters, with armour plates covering the individual 127 mm gun turrets and primarily hull protection at the sides and roof.

'''Armour type:'''

* Antifragmentation armour
* Cast homogeneous armour
* Hardened armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Bow (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Stern !! Deck
|-
| Hull || N/A || 13 mm (0-24°) || N/A || 13 mm (85-89°)
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Turrets || 3.2 mm ''Front'' 15 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 3.2 mm || 3.2 mm || 3.2 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* The fire-control radar atop the bridge is covered with an antifragmentation armour with 19 mm thickness.
* Gun shields around the 20 mm Oerlikon autocannons are 12.7 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}


{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)|5 inch/38 Mk.12]] (x5)
|-
! colspan="6" | Turrets (Bow to stern)
|-
! || Turret 1 || Turret 2 || Turret 3 || Turret 4 || Turret 5
|-
! scope="row" | Vertical guidance
| colspan="5" | -15°/+85°
|-
! scope="row" | Horizontal guidance
| colspan="2" | ±150° || ±143° || colspan="2" | ±150°
|-
! scope="row" | Ammo capacity
| colspan="6" | 1,800
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch AAC Mk.34, 5 inch Common Mk.32, 5 inch SP Common Mk.46, 5 inch AAVT Mk.31}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (40 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors L/60 Mark 1]] (x10)
|-
! colspan="6" | Turrets (Bow to stern)
|-
! || Front port turret (x2) || Front starboard turret (x2) || Middle port turret (x2) || Middle starboard turret (x2) || Rear turret (x2)
|-
! scope="row" | Vertical guidance
| colspan="2" | -15°/+88° || colspan="2" | -10°/+88° || -15°/+88°
|-
! scope="row" | Horizontal guidance
| -150°/+90° || -90°/+150° || -180°/+20° || -20°/+180° || ±180°
|-
! scope="row" | Ammo capacity
| colspan="6" | 25,000
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
* '''40 mm HE clips:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''40 mm AP clips:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}

{{:Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (40 mm)/Ammunition|HEFI-T, AP-T}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | [[Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)|20 mm Oerlikon Mk.II]] (x7)
|-
! colspan="8" | Turrets (Bow to stern)
|-
! || Front port turret || Middle port turret || Front starboard turret || Middle starboard turret || Rear port turret || Rear starboard turret || Rear stern turret
|-
! scope="row" | Vertical guidance
| -80°/+65° || ±100° || -65°/+80° || ±100° || colspan="3" | ±180°
|-
! scope="row" | Horizontal guidance
| colspan="7" | -4°/+50°
|-
! scope="row" | Ammo capacity
| colspan="7" | 16,800
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.15 (533 mm)|Mk.6 mortar depth charge}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="9" | 533 mm steam turbined Mk.15 torpedo (x10)
|-
! Mode !! Mass (kg) !! Maximum speed in water (km/h) !! Travel distance (km) !! Depth stroke (m) !! Arming distance (m) !! Explosive type !! Explosive mass (kg)
|-
| Stock || rowspan="2" | 1,559 || 83 || 5.50 || rowspan="2" | 1.0 || rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | TNT || rowspan="2" | 224
|-
| Torpedo mode || 62 || 9.15
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Bennion is a powerful American destroyer that is very versatile. There can be 3 main jobs for the Bennion to do:

*'''Gunfighter'''

With its fast firing armament, it is definitely capable of fighting other destroyers. Load APHE for your main guns, and you can start firing against enemy ships from mid to long range. Try disabling the enemies' engine room or gun turrets to prevent them from escaping or fighting back effectively. You also have ten torpedoes, so you can use them in any tricky situation. Should you be outmatched, try turning away and using a smoke screen to conceal yourself.

*'''Anti-air ship'''

The Bennion has lots of anti-air weaponry. The deadliest will be your ten Bofors and five 127 mm cannons. Let your AI gunners shoot from long distance using radio fuse HE shells. Once enemy aircraft come close enough, you should either take control of the Bofors or the main guns themselves to deal with enemies. As always, lead your target and take into account your ship's momentum if you need to. The ship can fire all of its anti-aircraft guns when the enemy is directly above the ship. Try turning to the side to allow more guns to fire if the enemy is coming from an angle. The radio-fuse shells will make quick work of any enemy aircraft or at least critically damage them to the point that they will not be able to make their attack run, while the Bofors will chew down many smaller planes.

*'''Light craft hunter'''

The Bofors also allow the Bennion to hunt PT boats and other small craft very well. From longer distances, use HE or Radio HE shells to try to hit enemy PT boats and deal splash damage to them. Once you move in closer, take command of your Bofors, load their Universal or HE belts, and slice the PT boats to ribbons. For larger gunboats, using your main guns are still an option. Since you are a destroyer, you are armoured enough to be immune to most of their small cannon and machine gun fire. Your main threat at this point is torpedo boats. Try targeting any PT boats that are heading in your direction. PT boats such as the [[LS 3]] and [[G-5]] are dangerous since they are small, fast and can carry 2 torpedoes. Be sure you make your course erratic and hard to hit, and always be ready to change course in the event that you detect an incoming torpedo. Keep in mind, if a torpedo hits: game over.

In terms of opposition:

* [[BTD-1]]: This plane can carry 2 torpedoes which can kill you very quickly, or can attack you from high altitude with a 2,000 lb bomb. Try prioritizing these aircraft to shoot down first.
* [[SKR-1]]: This patrol ship can shoot very rapidly and deal a lot of damage to your ship. Try engaging it from long range, where your shells will have the advantage.
* Light cruisers: Light cruisers will have better guns that are capable of beating you in a straight-up gun duel. Try avoiding them or disabling their vital parts, or requesting help. Or you can attempt a torpedo attack but this is risky and may result in the loss of your vessel before your torpedoes impact.
* PT boats: Certain PT boats who penetrate your line of defences might pose a danger by launching off torpedoes. Use your Bofors to try to mow down any PT boat that gets too close, and always be manoeuvring to dodge.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Dual-purpose 5-inch guns
* Access to proximity-fuze shells for anti-aircraft duties

'''Cons:'''

* More protected only against fragmentation and shrapnel than against shells

== History ==

[[File:HistoricImage USS Bennion (DD-662) underway.jpg|alt=Featured Image: Historical image of USS Bennion underway on 13 January 1945.|frameless|right|x250px|U.S. Navy destroyer USS Bennion (DD-662) underway on 13 January 1945]]

The Fletcher-class destroyers were conceived as a 2,100 ton class destroyer following the underwhelming construction of the Benson and Gleaves-class destroyers that could not equip a total of five 5-inch guns and ten torpedoes. The design was approved in 27 January 1940 by the Secretary of the Navy, Charles Edison, with construction plans expanded after the Battle of France in Europe when Congress passed the Two-Ocean Navy Act on July 19th, allowing for the construction of 115 destroyers. The Fletcher-class destroyers began construction in October 1941, with eleven shipyards involved in their production. By the war's end, 175 Fletcher-class destroyers were produced.<ref name="McCombUSADestroyers" />

The '''USS Bennion''' was first laid down on 19 March 1943 at the Boston Navy Yard, named after Captain Mervyn S. Bennion, who was killed during the Japanese Pearl Harbor attack on 07 December 1941 while commanding the USS West Virginia battleship.<ref name="NavSourceBennion" /> The destroyer, christened by Bennion's widow, was launched on 04 July 1943, and following sea trials was commissioned into service on 14 December 1943 with Joshua W. Cooper in command.<ref name="BennionHisCentral" /> The USS Bennion was put into service in Destroyer Squadron 56 in Destroyer Division 111.<ref name="McCombUSADestroyers" />

USS Bennion left for the Pacific on 03 March 1944, conducting training around Pearl Harbor until May 29th. From then, the USS Bennion joined the Pacific War as a fighter director and radar picket ship and saw action at Saipan, Tinian, Guam, Peliliu, Philippines, Leyte Gulf, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa.<ref name="BennionHisCentral" /> At Leyte Gulf, the USS Bennion was involved in the Battle of Surigao Strait, where it assisted with the sinking of the Japanese battleship Yamashiro.<ref name="BennionSurigao" /> For the USS Bennion's actions off of Okinawa, the destroyer received eight battle stars and a presidential unit citation.<ref name="BennionHisCentral" /><ref name="BennionCitation" />

After the war, the USS Bennion was sent to the Puget Sound Navy Yard on 21 October 1945 before being decommissioned on 20 June 1946 and became part of the reserve fleet. USS Bennion was stricken from the register on 15 April 1971 and was sold in 30 May 1973 and broken up for scrap.<ref name="BennionHisCentral" />

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Fletcher (Family)]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[USS Aylwin]]
* [[Harukaze|JDS Harukaze]]

== External links ==


* [https://www.historycentral.com/navy/destroyer/Benniondd662.html [History Central<nowiki>]</nowiki> USS Bennion DD 662]
* [http://www.navsource.org/archives/05/662.htm [Navsource<nowiki>.org]</nowiki> USS BENNION (DD-662)]

=== References ===
<references>
<ref name="McCombUSADestroyers">McComb, Dave, and Paul Wright. ''US Destroyers, 1942-45: Wartime Classes''. Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2010</ref>
<ref name="BennionHisCentral">History Central. "USS Bennion DD 662." History Central, 1999, [https://www.historycentral.com/navy/destroyer/Benniondd662.html Website]</ref>
<ref name="NavSourceBennion">Willshaw, Fred. "USS BENNION (DD-662)." NavSource Naval History, [https://www.navsource.org/archives/05/662.htm Website]</ref>
<ref name="BennionSurigao">Holloway, James L. "Second Salvo at Surigao Strait." U.S. Naval Institute, Oct. 2010, [https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/2010/october/second-salvo-surigao-strait Website]</ref>
<ref name="BennionCitation">Parkinson, Bill. "USS Bennion DD 662 Presidential Unit Citation." Destroyer History Foundation, [http://destroyerhistory.org/fletcherclass/ussbennion_puc/ Website]</ref>
</references>

{{ShipManufacturer Boston Navy Yard}}
{{USA destroyers}}
{{USA premium ships}}

ZSU-57-2 (Italy)

2023-10-28T09:08:59Z

U111069508: /* Description */ corrected 'ZSU-57-4' to 'ZSU-23-4'

{{About
| about = SPAA '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = ZSU-57-2 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_zsu_57_2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Hungarian SPAA {{Battle-rating}} in the Italian research tree. It was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]] as part of the Hungarian subtree of the Italian tech tree. After the introduction of the ZSU-23-4 in the Soviet Army, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania each acquired ZSU-57-2s as well, being members of the Warsaw Pact. This Self propelled Anti-Air vehicle would be built on a heavily-modified T-54 chassis, the ZSU-57-2 features two powerful 57 mm anti air cannons. This armament is easily able to make short work of both air and ground targets alike. They're very fast-firing and have access to some different munition options. For being based on the old T-54 tank, it does have good mobility, however its main drawback is its very light armour. This means that if a player chooses to play agressively, you won't have many chances to get away from an engagement once spotted. Its just too big for a player to conceal, as such if a player would like to play agressively try stick with allies when possibile. The ZSU-57-2 has proven to be more of a menace to ground vehicles than aircraft with its high-velocity cannons, but low sustained rate of fire and poor accuracy. Overall, keep in mind of your weaknesses when playing this vehicle because you usually won't be forgiven like more armoured armoured fighting vehicles.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 13.5 mm (61°) ''Front glacis'' 15 mm (53°) ''Lower glacis'' || 15 mm || 10 mm (17-49°) ''Top'' 6 mm (73°) ''Bottom'' || 15 mm
|-
| Turret || 15 mm (14-57°) ''Turret front'' 15 mm (25-64°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 13.5 mm (9-61°) || 13.5 mm (4-59°) || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 13.5 mm thick.
* A 6 mm RHA plate separates the engine compartment from the crew.
* Hatches and air intake are 6 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=739|rbMinHp=460}}

The ZSU-57-2's mobility is rather good. It is faster than most medium tanks, while weighing 28 tons and having a 520 hp engine at 2,000 RPM. Manoeuvrability is good at all speeds, as its a relatively light tank with a powerful engine. It bleeds a lot of speed while turning, but the turning is fast and responsive and does not have neutral steering. The maximum speed is limited by the transmission to 51 km/h forwards and -8 km/h in reverse for RB, and 55/-9 km/h for AB.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|S-68 (57 mm)}}

Although this is an AA vehicle, its twin 57 mm cannons are still equally deadly against ground units. When stock, their accuracy isn't good so the shells fly all over the place as the distance increases, and the belt is made up of half AP, half HE, meaning it is not efficient when dealing with either planes or tanks. Therefore the best tactic for a fully stock ZSU-57-2 is to shoot the enemies' side up close or to target low-flying helicopters.

When the BR-281 belt (full APHE) is available, the player can go into full anti-tank mode as this shell packs quite a punch, and it can penetrate pretty much any tank's side armour (excluding the Maus, in which case take out its gun barrels) and some tanks' frontal armour. In a flank the ZSU-57-2 can finish off a group of opponents at an unbelievable speed. Two shells will slice through their side armour and explode, so theoretically one clip is enough to wipe out four tanks in a row (aiming at the crew compartment only, of course). A few seconds later, another clip will be loaded, ready to hunt more prey. Be aware that each clip only contains 8 rounds (4 for each of the two cannons), so do not waste your shots.

This shell also performs alright in the AA role, since its calibre is quite large for planes, and a direct hit usually critically damages the plane, if not killing it instantly. However, unlike its Chinese brother, WZ305, the ZSU-57-2 does not have access to any VT shells so it is always beneficial to lead with extra care and only open fire if the plane is close enough.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[S-68 (57 mm)|57 mm S-68]] (x2) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 296 (4) || rowspan="2" | 120 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 52.8 || 73.1 || 88.8 || 98.2 || 104.5 || rowspan="2" | 2.60 || rowspan="2" | 2.30 || rowspan="2" | 2.12 || rowspan="2" | 2.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 35.7 || 42.0 || 51.0 || 56.4 || 60.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|HE*|High-explosive fragmentation (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-piercing capped ballistic capped}} - Half the rounds in this belt are useless against tanks or planes. However, against other SPAA this belt can reliably take out crew, armament, ammo and engine. Having one belt in reserve can help.
* '''BR-281SP:''' {{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-piercing capped ballistic capped}} - An anti-tank belt, it is comprised of APCBC shells that can penetrate most tanks from the side. However, the shells do not contain any explosive filler, so it is recommended to upgrade to the BR-281U belt when possible.
* '''OR-281U:''' {{Annotation|HE*|High-explosive fragmentation (self-destroying)}} - For use against planes. One or two hits usually gets the job done. Heavy armoured attackers and bombers may require more though.
* '''BR-281U:''' {{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-piercing capped ballistic capped}} - Very similar to the preceding BR-281SP belt; however, the shells now have a small amount of explosive filler, making them slightly more efficient against ground vehicles.

{{:S-68 (57 mm)/Ammunition|BR-281SP, OR-281U, BR-281U}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_ZSU-57-2.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''74''' || 74 ''(+0)'' || 70 ''(+4)'' || 38 ''(+36)'' || 32 ''(+42)'' || 28 ''(+46)'' || 24 ''(+50)'' || 18 ''(+56)'' || N/A || Yes
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Visual discrepancy: the 8th ammo rack never empties, even with all ammunition spent.

== Usage in battles ==

Versatile in the anti-aircraft and anti-tank role this heavily modified [[T-54 (1947)|T-54]] chassis delivers two heavy 57 mm punches. The ZSU-57-2 can be used for two roles.

;Anti-air role

Even though the ZSU-57-2 was designed as an SPAA, it is not very good at destroying planes compared to other SPAA vehicles at similar battle ratings, which often have a significantly higher rate of fire or even radar. However, this is compensated for by its comparatively massive firepower compared to similar SPAA platforms. The large 57 mm cannons will often disable, or more likely destroy a plane with its first hit. It is also extremely effective in an anti-helicopter role, as helicopters are much slower than planes.

;Tank Destroyer

Using the 57 mm cannons in an anti-tank role is possible and have been exploited by many players. Using BR-281 ammo, the guns can effectively pierce the sides and rear of any tank (excluding the Maus). Remember the ZSU-57-2's armour does not compare to other tanks armour so one shot could be the end of the SPAA. Play cat-and-mouse and wait for the enemy to go into an engagement with another target and then jump out into the open and fire upon them while they are distracted. It is recommended to the first aim for their rear to disable their engine and cause a fire, they will have to stop what they are doing and put it out. During this time they won't be able to move or fire upon the ZSU-57-2, allowing a chance to finish off the crewmen inside by unloading the 57 mm cannons into the side of the enemy tank. Any shot from the 57 mm cannons into an enemies' ammo load will also instantly kill them. Almost all British tanks have very weak side armour, and your BR-281 ammo will easily rip through even at an angle. Aim for the front portion of their tank, where their driver is. Their ammo rack is located right next to the driver, meaning that you can easily ammo rack them.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Multi-role weaponry able to fight both planes and tanks
* Excellent turret rotation speed
* 57 mm guns will destroy or cripple aircraft with one hit, and can easily take out tanks from the sides too
* Very high penetration for an SPAA at 151 mm
* Very effective against lightly armoured vehicles like the [[Leopard 1]] or [[AMX-30]]

'''Cons:'''

* Large vehicle size
* Very vulnerable turret (ammo on all sides of turret + very thin armour)
* Crew is very crowded in the turret (1 shot has the potential to knock out 5 crew members with ease)
* Shells have bad accuracy after consecutive shots
* Sub-par anti-air capability due to low rate of fire and poor accuracy

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[ZSU-57-2 (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy anti-aircraft vehicles}}

BMP-2M

2023-04-16T08:45:59Z

U111069508: /* Main armament */ added APDS-FS to anti-tank ammo suggestions

{{About
| about = squadron Soviet light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the other version
| link-1 = BMP-2
| usage-2 = other uses
| link-2 = BMP (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_bmp_2m
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|BMP-2M WebsiteImage 1.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a squadron rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet light tank (infantry fighting vehicle) {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Starfighters"]]. The BMP-2M is a light, mobile yet lethal light tank. Although its survivability and armour are not remarkable, its armament and utility are unmatched at its battle rating.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The vehicle's playstyle is relatively similar to the [[BMP-2]]s. The fast turret traverse speed, wide field of view, and thermals for the optics combined with a fast-firing 2A42 autocannon and four 9M133 ATGMs makes it an excellent close range combat IFV and good front line scout at open fields. Armour on this vehicle can only protect the crew from 7.62 mm fire at all angles and sometimes 12.7 mm or even 20 mm when being shot from the front. The BMP-2M can sometimes survive AP rounds such as APFSDS as they can penetrate the vehicle without significant damage due to its large empty space inside. The overpressure mechanic will mean that often even a poorly placed HEAT round may immediately knock out the crew. Overall, survivability is poor, and the BMP-2M should use its manoeuvrability to flank opponents and strike before the enemy can locate you and return fire.

'''Armour type:'''

* High hardness rolled armour (hull and turret)
* Alloy ABT-101 (engine deck)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 12 mm (81°) || 13 mm ''Top'' 15 mm ''Bottom'' || 16 mm ''Doors'' 13 mm ''Door frame'' || 5 mm 12 mm ''Engine deck''
|-
| Turret || 20 mm ''Turret front'' 25 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 12 - 16 mm || 10 mm || 6 mm
|-
|}

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=558|rbMinHp=318}}

With 60 extra horsepower, the BMP-2M has excellent mobility compared to the BMP-2. The acceleration of the BMP-2M in off road conditions is excellent, and it is able to keep up with top tier MBTs like the [[T-80U]], [[M1A2 Abrams]] and [[Leopard 2A5]]. The reverse speed however is still -10 km/h and it still has no neutral steering. Its amphibious capabilities can be useful to cross deep water sections to reach places normally unreachable for other vehicles.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

For module research, the following order is recommended:

* Parts & FPE to increase the durability
* 9M133FM-3 and NVD
* 30 mm APDS, Laser rangefinder and Filters
* 30 mm APDS-FS and Smoke grenade
* Pick the next modules you wish to research depending on your needs

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|2A42 (30 mm)}}

As this tank has a similar playstyle to its 8.3 counterpart, the [[BMP-2]], the main armament of the Shipunov 2A42 30 mm autocannon is a very versatile weapon, considering its vertical guidance, traverse speed, and large selection of ammo belts.

It is not recommended to engage in long-term combat without ATGMs using only the autocannon with any tank heavier than a light tank or an Anti-Tank Missile Carrier unless using the APDS or APDS-FS ammo selection. If not using APDS/APDS-FS, for heavier tanks it is recommended to cripple it by shooting its tracks and the main armament.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[2A42 (30 mm)|30 mm 2A42]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 500 (250) || rowspan="2" | 550 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+74° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 57.1 || 79.1 || 96.0 || 106.2 || 112.9 || rowspan="2" | 1.30 || rowspan="2" | 1.15 || rowspan="2" | 1.06 || rowspan="2" | 1.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 35.7 || 42.0 || 51.0 || 56.4 || 60.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}
* '''30 mm HE:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-T*|High-explosive fragmentation tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''30 mm APT:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-T*|High-explosive fragmentation tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''30 mm APDS:''' {{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-T*|High-explosive fragmentation tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''30 mm APDS-FS:''' {{Annotation|APFSDS|Armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APFSDS|Armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APFSDS|Armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot}}

{{:2A42 (30 mm)/Ammunition|HEF-I*, AP-T, HEF-T*, APDS, APFSDS}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''2''' || 0 ''(+2)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|AG-30 (30 mm)}}

{{Notice|It is recommended to fire the main and additional armaments separately, using separate keybinds for "Fire from secondary guns" and "Fire from the main calibre gun" or by setting keybinds to select the different weapon groups, as this 30 mm grenade launcher has a very different shell trajectory to the main 30 mm autocannon.}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[AG-30 (30 mm)|30 mm AG-30]] || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
| 300 (300) || 400 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:AG-30 (30 mm)/Ammunition|VOG-30}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''1''' || 0 ''(+1)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|9M133}}

Unlike the BMP-2 which only has one ATGM launcher and takes some time to reload, the ATGMs on the BMP-2M are arranged in 4 slots, 2 on either side of the tank. If all 4 are expended, an extra 4 will be able to reload if chosen in the battle start up.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[9M133]] missile || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Capacity (Belt) !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
| 8 (4) || -5°/+10° || N/A || N/A || 26.00 || 23.00 || 21.20 || 20.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:9M133/Ammunition|9M133, 9M133FM-3}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}_secondary.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''2''' || 1 ''(+1)'' || 0 ''(+2)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Racks are modeled as 2 loadouts of 4 missiles
* Missiles are fired from A to D (see picture).

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|PKT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PKT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm PKT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,000 (250) || 700 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


During the stock grind, the vehicle is best played as a scout, as the stock ammo with the exception of the ATGMs is poor. Once it is spaded, the vehicle is basically a complete lineup in itself. It can play the part of a light tank, with excellent manoeuvrability, the ability to scout and repair, and the fast-firing autocannon to flank and destroy light to medium armoured targets.
Along with its scout capability to mark enemy armoured targets for allies or eliminate them with its ATGMs. If played cautiously, it can be played as a true IFV, supporting MBTs in close-quarters battle (CQB).

However, when playing close-quarter battle this, it is a support vehicle, and should not engage in frontal brawls with MBTs, as it will quickly be destroyed, due to its thin armour. It can be played at long range, using its scouting ability and ATGMs to knock out targets at long ranges.
While not its purpose, the BMP-2M can also be played as a last resort SPAA with its fast firing 30 mm autocannon and proximity fuse ATGMs in case there is no dedicated vehicle to perform this role.

===Combat tactics===

Avoid frontal confrontation with enemies of any kind, due to the very thin armour, high density of ammunition and crew and vulnerability to overpressure. Any weapon of calibre .50 cal or larger will absolutely shred the BMP-2M to pieces. The vehicle can be played in different roles:

'''Long-range engagement:''' it can use its scouting ability and ATGMs to mark and track targets at long distance. Unlike the BMP-2, this improved variant carries an ATGM with a tandem shaped warhead. This weapon can easily deal with any armour found at its battle rating and even above it. Furthermore, 4 out of the total 8 missiles can be simultaneously fired and controlled at any given time, allowing to engage multiple targets standing close by launching each missile in quick succession before the initial one impacted. This is only further reinforced through the ability to fire on the move at any speed, unlike almost all other ATGM carrying systems. Even in the case that only one missile is left, a 6-second reload will help a quick re-engagement. Be aware that your ATGMs have a lower velocity than the common APFSDS and HEATFS round that your enemies will fire: if you and your enemy fire at the same time, you will most likely be killed first. Once the laser rangefinder is unlocked, one can use APFSDS rounds at range as it can easily penetrate the side and roofs of most enemies it will face, and the high volume of rounds will quickly disable if not destroy the target.

'''Support and repair:''' this style of gameplay is most useful in close quarters environments especially when the vehicle is stock, making use of the autocannon, seeking out flanks and assisting with fast repairs. Good communication about targets is possible through the scouting feature. Adding to the support role is the 9M133FM-3 missile equipped with a HE warhead and a proximity fuse most effective against helicopters in particular.

'''Flanking:''' the main features of this strategy are the BMP-2's mobility and the 30 mm APFSDS belt which easily punches through the sides of any vehicle at its BR. The main focus is on targeting crew members and modules, as the post-penetration damage is very localized. Basic knowledge about crew positions is most useful to get the most out of the rather short APFSDS belt (160 shells).

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 2A42 autocannon can punch through most vehicles at its battle rating from the back, side and sometimes front with the APDS and APFSDS rounds
* Fast turret traverse speed and gun elevation speed, better gun handling than the standard BMP-2
* 2nd generation thermal optics for the gunner, wide field of view and 2.5 to 12 times zoom for gun sight, suitable for combat at any range
* 1,200 mm penetration power for the standard 9M133 missile; can fire and guide all four missiles simultaneously while on the move
* Can equip 9M133FM-3 HE missiles with proximity fuses, useful for AA duties
* Laser rangefinder keeps the autocannon effective at range, especially with the APFSDS belt
* Amphibious ability can be useful for crossing the water to areas hard-to-reach for other vehicles
* Roof-mounted grenade launcher can clear obstacles that typically machine guns can not
* Can be played as a light tank, long range tank, CQB support vehicle, or SPAA
** IFV IRST has a max range of 8 km and does not trigger aircraft RWR. Works very well alongside 9M133FM-3 proximity-fused HE missiles and works well against aircraft at close range with the autocannon

'''Cons:'''

* Missiles mounted on the turret have a chance to explode from shrapnel if too close to any form of explosion
* Chassis can only protect the crew from 7.62 mm and with limited 12.7 mm or bigger calibre ammunition protection from the front
* No neutral steering, and a slow reverse speed of -10 km/h
* Grenade launcher has only 3 mm of pen and generally can't destroy opponents, instead being used against obstacles and clearing ERA at close range, sometimes damaging tracks or exposed ammo racks (e.g. ATGMs) at very close range
* ATGMs require discipline to use, as the urge to fire all four of them on contact is near irresistible. While firing all four ATGM ensures that the target tank is absolutely annihilated, it is a waste of ammunition if operator does not redirect remaining missiles away from already destroyed tank towards next target
* Destroying the grenade launcher belt knocks the vehicle out

== History ==

In 2017, the Russian Ministry of Defense signed a contract with KBP Instrument Design (Konstruktorskoe Buro Priborostroeniya) for the modernization of BMP-2 and BMD-2 to the BMP-2M ICV "Berezhok" and "Bereg" (not to be confused with the BMP-2M made by Kurganmashzavod. The M is the general designator for modernized units). It is meant to be a cost-effective update which will augment a clear sophistication compared to the BMP-3. It equipped the B05Ya01 Berezhok turret keeping the same autocannon of the BMP-2, the 2A42 30 mm autocannon, a PKTM 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun (tank version of the PKM), an AGS-30 30 mm grenade launcher, 2 B05S011 guided weapon system which made the BMP-2M capable of firing 4 9M113M Kornet ATGM (2 launchers per turret side), new NVD from the BMD-4, 1PZ-13 commander's periscope, the BPK-3-42 gunner's primary sight (GPS), PL-1 laser illuminator, a 370-horsepower UDT-23 engine, new armament stabilizers, ballistics computer and a laser rangefinder. The "Berezhok" variant was preferred by Algeria while the Russian MoD decided for the BMP-2M made by Kurganmashzavod. Currently, the production of the BMP-2M is still kept with the first 18 units being delivered in 2020.

=== [[wt:en/news/6758-development-squadron-vehicles-bmp-2m-berezhok-en|Devblog]] ===
In the early 2000's, aside from the development of the new BMP-3, the Russian military had been looking into modernization of the widespread BMP-2 combat vehicles to face the challenges of the time. Amongst other projects proposed to the Russian Ministry of Defense under this program, an idea was raised to install the Berezhok combat complex on the BMP-2 chassis. Berezhok was a combat module created on the basis of the BMP-2 turret, but significantly increasing the overall fire potential of the vehicle. The main changes that Berezhok brought were the modern fire control system, the new highly capable Kornet ATGM, and the 30 mm automatic grenade launcher on the top of the turret. The BMP-2M with the Berezhok module was produced for export to the Algerian army, and also purchased by the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_bmp_2m Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" caption="BMP-2M Devblog Images" heights="200">
File:BMP-2M_WTWallpaper_001.jpg|
File:BMP-2M_WTWallpaper_002.jpg|
File:BMP-2M_WTWallpaper_003.jpg|
File:BMP-2M_WTWallpaper_004.jpg|
File:BMP-2M_WTWallpaper_005.jpg|
File:BMP-2M_WTWallpaper_006.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|25_5geR39Zw|'''BMP Family''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 05:33 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|3MvXhKo9llU|'''Should You Buy The BMP-2M?''' - ''Sako Sniper''|SXxz6_3D82w|'''BMP-2M - Squadron Effort to Top Tier''' - ''Napalmratte''|qSQ9o2nQdBg|'''BMP-2M - The Russian Death Kornet''' - ''JustinPlaysYT''}}

== See also ==


* [[BMP-2]] - Base variant for the BMP-2M.

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6758-development-squadron-vehicles-bmp-2m-berezhok-en|[Devblog] Squadron vehicles: BMP-2M "Berezhok"]]

{{USSR light tanks}}
{{Squadron ground vehicles}}
[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]

LVT (Family)

2023-04-10T18:49:36Z

U111069508: /* Rank I */ changed .33 cal to .30 cal

== Description ==
LVT stands for '''Landing Vehicle, Tracked''', which were used to land infantry on amphibious assaults further than regular landing craft.

In-game most LVTs have an '''(A)''' in their name, which stands for "armoured".

== Vehicles ==
=== Rank I ===

* [[LVT(A)(1)]] - LVT-2 with a [[M3 Stuart (Family)|Light tank M3]] turret & two .30 cal MGs in the back
* [[LVT(A)(4)]] - LVT-2 with a [[M8 General Scott (Family)|Motor Howitzer Carriage M8]] turret

=== Rank II ===

* [[LVT(A)(4) ZIS-2 (USA)]] - Captured, refitted with a [[ZiS-2 (57 mm)]]
* [[LVT(A)(4) (ZiS-2) (China)]] - Captured, refitted with a [[ZiS-2 (57 mm)]]
* [[LVT-4/40]] - French variant fitted with a [[Bofors L/60 (40 mm)]]

== History ==
=== Development ===

=== Service ===

=== Variants ===

==== LVT-1 Alligator (1941) ====

==== LVT-2 Water Buffalo ====
The LVT-2 was an improved version of the LVT-1, designed to have better mobility - both on land and on water. It received the powertrain from the M3A1 Stuart light tank which was moved to the rear of the vehicle, and it also received bolted-on aluminum track grousers, which would allow for easier maintenance; the earlier track grousers were easily worn out by sea water corrosion and rough terrain. It retained the 24 passenger capacity, and it had a cargo capacity of 5,950 pounds. The driver's compartment was revised. The armament consisted of two .50 cal (12.7 mm) M2HB machine guns mounted over the rear of the driver's compartment, and two .30 cal (7.62 mm) M1919A4 machine guns at the rear of the vehicle. The M1919A4 machine guns were later replaced with M2 .50 cal machine guns. British LVT-2 vehicles were often armed with Polsten cannons and sometimes with "Wasp" flamethrowers.

=====LVT(A)-1 (1942) =====
Early on it became clear that the LVTs that were in production - which were usually armed with only machine guns - did not have the firepower necessary to support the infantry, especially when facing enemy pillboxes, bunkers, and other entrenched positions used by the Japanese Army. In order to solve this problem, a fire support vehicle based on the LVT-2 was designed. It had a turret that was very similar to the turret of the M3 Stuart light tank. Before the introduction of the better armed LVT(A)-4 in 1944, 510 LVT(A)-1 were built by the Food Machinery Corporation.

The LVT(A)-1 was based on the LVT-2, but with a number of changes to make it a support vehicle. The LVT(A)-1 was fitted with a turret very similar to that of the M3 Stuart, and it was armed with the same 37 mm Gun M6 with 10 degrees of gun depression and 25 degrees of elevation. The main gun was fitted in the M4 mount, and there was a coaxial .30 cal (7.62 mm) machine gun. At the rear of the vehicle, two .30 cal Browning M1919A4 machine guns were fitted, and the gunners were protected by standard Navy gun shields. The deck was armored, and the vehicle was fully enclosed. The front of the turret had 51 mm (2 in) of armor, and the ammunition was stored a number of racks throughout the vehicle. The vehicle had a crew of six; a commander and gunner in the turret, the driver and machine gunner in the front of the crew compartment, and two machine gunners at the rear of the vehicle. The LVT(A)-1 was a pure fire support vehicle, as there was no room inside to transport personnel or cargo. All the other features of the LVT(A)-1 were the same as on the LVT-2.

=====LVT(A)-2 Buffalo II (1943) =====
This was an up-armored version of the LVT-2. It featured 0.4 in (10.16 mm) armor plates added to the inside of the main compartment, sideskirts, and front, and there were .5 in (12.7 mm) armor plates fitted to the cab. The fuel tanks were replaced with self-sealing fuel tanks. The additional armor increased the weight of the vehicle significantly, and it had an empty weight of 2400 pounds, and so the cargo capacity was reduced by 1400 pounds; the passenger capacity was also reduced to 18. By 1944, shields were added to the gunners' positions at the front of the vehicle, which were usually equipped with .30 cal (7.62 mm) machine guns. 450 LVT-2(A) vehicles were built. Note: Unlike other LVT variants with an (A) in the designation, the LVT-2(A) was not equipped with a tank turret.

===== LVT(A)-4 (1944) =====
The LVT(A)-4 was essentially just an LVT(A)-1 but equipped with a different turret. It was still based on the LVT-2, but it has the turret of the 75 mm Gun Motor Carriage M8 "Scott" instead of the turret of the M3 Stuart light tank. Additionally, the two rear machine gun positions were removed; this reduced the crew to five, with the commander, gunner, and loader in the turret and the driver and co-driver in the front crew compartment. In total, 1,890 LVT(A)-4 vehicles were built, and they largely replaced the LVT(A)-1 in service. The 75 mm gun was more effective against fortified positions, but the 37 mm gun of the LVT(A)-1 was as effective or more effective against enemy armor. But, the main goal of the LVT(A)-1 and -4 was to support the infantry, not to destroy enemy armor - which is why the LVT(A)-4 was more effective.

===== LVT(A)-5 (1945) =====
This was an improved model of the LVT(A)-4. It featured a gyro-stabilizer for the main gun, and a powered turret. In the late 1940s many LVT(A)-5 received additional armor plating. A total of 269 LVT(A)-5 were produced.

==== LVT-4 Water Buffalo (1943) ====
Designed in 1943, the LVT-4 was a significant improvement over the LVT-2, which the LVT-4 was based on; but yet the LVT-4 is in many ways a departure from the LVT-2 design. Because of the large amount of casualties during the campaigns in the Pacific, the exit ramp was moved to the rear of the vehicle. This would allow troops and cargo to dismount while under some protection from enemy fire. Additionally, the LVT-4 could carry more personnel - 30 to be exact, which was almost twice the capacity of the LVT-2 (16 Marines). Because of the rear exit ramp the engine was moved to the front of the vehicle, right behind the driver's cab. Wash vanes were added to the vehicle, which were located above the tracks. The wash vanes forced water out of the vehicle. The engine used was the Continental W670-9A, which drove the drive sprockets along with the final and differential drive units. Two bulletproof glass slits were provided for the driver, and the driver exited and entered through hatches in the roof. The armament consisted of four machine guns (of either .30 cal or .50 cal type) on pintle mounts, which were operated by the infantry being transported by the LVT-4. There was also a ball-mounted .30 cal (7.62 mm) machine gun for use by the co-driver in the driver's cab. The armor could be improved with 0.5 in (12.7 mm) steel plates on the front and 0.25 in (6.4 mm) plates on the sides. When the additional armor was fitted the cargo capacity was reduced by 3,000 pounds.

===== LVT-4(F) Sea Serpent =====
This was a version of the LVT-4 that was equipped with "Wasp" flamethrowers in British service; it saw service with the 72nd Armoured Division. They would have been used in the invasion of the Japanese mainland with the "flame battery" of the 34th Amphibian Support Regiment, Royal Marines, but the war ended before the invasion took place.

===== LVT(A)-3 =====
The LVT(A)-3 would have been the armored version of the LVT-4, but it was never produced.

===== Amphibian, Tracked, 4-Ton General Service (1944-1945) =====
This was a British vehicle based on the LVT-4, and it was called the Neptune. 2,000 were ordered and all were delivered. There were two variants of the Amphibian, Tracked, 4-Ton General Service; the Sealion was a recovery version and the Turtle was a workshop version.

==== LVT-3 Bushmaster (1944) ====
Developed by Borg Warner Corporation as the Model B in April 1943, the LVT-3 was a significant departure from the earlier LVT types. It had a hydraulically operated rear-loading ramp, which would allow materiel and personnel to be unloaded while protected from enemy fire. Two Cadillac engines (from the M5 Stuart light tank) were used, and they were located in the sponsons; they were connected by a hydromatic transmission to a final drive in the front of the vehicle. The transmission had four forward gears and one reverse gear, but on the water the transmission was limited to the first two gears.

The cargo bay could carry a jeep and an infantry company, or four tons of cargo. The crew cabin was located closer to the front of the vehicle than on other LVTs, and the armament was mounted between the cargo bay and crew compartment. The armament consisted of two .50 cal (12.7 mm) machine guns, and the gunners had to step up to operate them. The driver sat in the middle of the crew compartment, and the co-driver sat to his right. They had five bulletproof glass windows, giving a great field of view for the driver. The track links used were rubber bush types, while other LVTs had a dry pin type. Applique armor was able to be mounted on the vehicle, which limited the cargo capacity to 1.3 tons in order to compensate for the increased weight. Ingersoll and Graham-Paige built a total of 2,962 LVT-3 between 1943 and 1945.

===== LVT-3C (1949) =====
The LVT-3C was an improved version of the LVT-3. It featured an armored roof over the cargo compartment, which consisted of two hinged "doors" which could be folded open on top of the sponsons. Additional side armor was fitted, and escape hatches were added to the design. The standard armament consisted of two .30 cal (7.62 mm) machine guns fitted in turrets, and another .30 cal machine gun in a ball mount in the bow of the vehicle. The weight of the LVT-3C was 6000 pounds heavier than that of the LVT-3. 1,200 LVT-3 were converted to the LVT-3C standard at the Long Beach Naval Shipyard.

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Landing_Vehicle_Tracked|[Wikipedia] Landing Vehicle Tracked]]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.php?armor_id=402 <nowiki>[Military Factory] Landing Vehicle Tracked (LVT-2/LVT-4) (Alligator/Water Buffalo)</nowiki>]
* [https://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/US/LVT-4_Water_Buffalo.php <nowiki>[Tank Encyclopedia] LVT-4 Water Buffalo</nowiki>]

[[Category:Family pages]]

M5 Stuart (Family)

2022-10-08T14:23:28Z

U111069508: /* See also */ added link to the M3 Stuart (family) pag

== Description ==
The '''Light Tank, M5 Stuart''' is a later iteration of the [[M3 Stuart (Family)|M3 Stuart]], with an redesigned hull and a better engine.

The designation M5 was chosen to not be confused with the Medium Tank [[M4 Sherman]].

== Vehicles ==

{{Tree-Start|3|without header}}
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|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:USA flag.png|70px|link=Category:USA ground vehicles]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
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{{Tree-Line|II Rank}}
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{{Tree-Unit|cn_m5a1_stuart}}
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{{Tree-End}}

== Development and Design ==

=== Development ===

=== Design ===

==== M5 Stuart ====

==== M5A1 Stuart ====
The second variant of the M5 Stuart series, the main difference of the M5A1 was the improved M3A3 turret. The M3A3 turret had a bustle on the rear, which was used to house the SCR 508 radio with the antenna protruding from the rear roof of the turret. The pintle mount for the .30 cal (7.62 mm) M1919A4 machine gun was moved to the right side of the turret, and the commander could fire it while partially inside the tank. The pistol ports were removed on this turret, and the M5A1 also had an escape hatch under the assistant driver's position. Additionally, the tank was sealed better to prevent any leakage of water.

The M5A1 was the first tank in the series to feature fenders and sand guards for the upper tracks. Lower sideskirts could be attached to the bogie leg hooks for additional protection, but most M5A1s were not equipped with this portion. Additionally, many M5A1s did not have rear mudguards, some did not have front fenders, and sometimes they didn't have any parts of the kit. A stowage basket was added to the rear of the tank, an armored shield was added to the .30 cal pintle mount, and a roof-mounted spotlight was added. Brackets/rails were provided for mounting of tracks in groups of four on the turret. On later models the amount of rails for track storage was increased and late in production the road wheels were replaced by cast models, rather than the original spoked road wheels.

== Production ==

Production of the M5 was approved in February 1942, and production began on 30 April 1942. At the Cadillac division of the GMC plant in Detroit, 1470 M5s were built, with production ending in December 1942. Starting in August M5s were also produced at the Southgate California plant and Massey Harris Company plant, with 354 and 250 tanks built respectively; most of these M5s were exported. Production ended in December because the improved M5A1 was then introduced.

Production of the M5A1 was approved on 24 September 1942 and began in November at the Cadillac Detroit plant, with a production total of 1196 units delivered. The Southgate and Massey Harris plants began production in December, with 3530 total units produced. American Cars and Foundry began producing the M5A1 in October of 1943, with 1000 units delivered. The total production of M5A1 tanks was 6,810 units produced, with production ending in June 1944. Three times as many M5A1s were produced as M5s as the M5A1 was introduced relatively early in production. Additionally, American Cars and Foundry refitted early M5A1s to the late production standard between November 1944 and June 1945, with the rear stowage basket and other minor improvements.

== Service ==
==== American ====

==== British ====

== Variants ==
'''M5 Stuart'''

'''M5 Stuart'''

'''M5A1 Stuart'''

'''HMC M8 Scott'''

'''GMC M8A1'''

'''81mm MMC T27'''

'''81mm MMC T27E1'''

'''T29 4.2in MMC'''

'''CMC T81'''

'''40mm GMC T65'''

'''20mm MGMC T85'''

'''M5 COM'''

'''Reconnaissance Vehicle T8'''

'''Reconnaissance Vehicle T8E1'''

'''M5A1 (E5R1-M3) "Zippo"'''

'''M5A1 (E7-7) "Zippo"'''

'''M5A1 (E9-9) "Zippo"'''

'''M5 (T39)'''

'''M5 Dozer'''

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|1yg1DAEbG8A|'''The Stuart Family''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|KUSnuNXASxE|'''Most produced tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:50 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


* [[M8 General Scott (Family)]]
* [[M3 Stuart (Family)]]

[[Category:Family pages]]

Nb.Fz.

2022-10-08T11:35:53Z

U111069508: /* Usage in battles */ changed T-28 and M3 hyperlinks to family pages

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_nbfz_VI
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.51 "Cold Steel"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, main turret, MG turrets, cupola)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 13 mm ''Turret base plate'' 20 mm (22-24°) ''Machine gunner plate'' 20 mm (20°) ''Driver plate'' 13 mm (76-79°) ''Upper glacis'' 20 mm (45°) ''Upper-Lower glacis connecting plate'' 16 mm (50°) ''Lower glacis'' || 13 mm ''Top'' 13 + 13 mm ''Bottom & Side skirts'' || 13 mm ''Turret base plate'' 13 mm (8°) ''Upper plate'' 13 mm (43°) ''Lower glacis'' || 13 mm (12°) ''Front'' 13 mm ''Engine compartment'' 13 mm (13°) + 13 mm (7°) ''Radiator vent''
|-
| Main turret || 15 mm (14°) ''Turret front'' 15 mm + 15 mm (cylindrical) ''Gun mantlet'' || 13 mm (12-15°) || 13 mm (12-13°) || 13 mm (11°) ''Front'' 13 mm ''Rear''
|-
| MG turrets || 14 mm (8-9°) ''Turret front'' 15 mm (cylindrical) ''Gun mantlet'' || colspan="2" style="text-align:center" | 13 mm (19-21°) || 8 mm
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 15 mm (3°) || 13 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 15 mm thick, while torsion bars are 10 mm thick.
* Mudguards are 13 mm thick.

The {{PAGENAME}} has an even higher survivability than Panzer III/IV tanks at similar battle ratings because of its larger crew count and vehicle size. The armour thickness is actually rather thin, despite a very imposing look and a complex internal layout. It has six crew members: a driver, two machine gunners in small independent turrets, a gunner, a loader, and a commander in the main turret where both main guns are located. The front armour thickness ranges from just 13 mm to 20 mm, making it possible to immobilize it with heavy machine gun fire frontally.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=449|rbMinHp=256}}

The top speed of the {{PAGENAME}} is 28.5 km/h, which is slow for low-tier ranks. The power-to-weight ratio, on the other hand, is rather good at 12.4 hp/ton, giving it a very nice acceleration considering how large it is. But, this is relatively slow, so remember to stay in cover, because tank destroyers can destroy this vehicle's armour relatively quickly and easily. Another thing to keep in mind is the Neubaufahrzeug's terrible rotation. Pivoting on the spot is basically impossible, and it slows down a lot in turns. Be careful not to turn too much, or you will slow down and be an easy target.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}


The Neubaufahrzeug's main armament is the KwK37 cannon, which shoots APHE, penetrating up to 52 mm of armour, 80 mm penetration HEAT, and smoke rounds. Problem is, due to the current limitations of the game, it is impossible to take more than four different kinds of shells, and for multi-gun tanks, each gun can just pick two shells in its repertoire. So the practical combinations would be either APHE+HEAT, APHE+smoke, or HEAT+smoke.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[KwK37 (75 mm)|75 mm KwK37]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 80 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+22° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 14.3 || 19.8 || 24.0 || 26.5 || 28.2 || rowspan="2" | 4.29 || rowspan="2" | 3.80 || rowspan="2" | 3.50 || rowspan="2" | 3.30
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.9 || 10.5 || 12.8 || 14.1 || 15.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Hl.Gr 38B || HEAT || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80
|-
| Sprgr. 34 || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
| K.Gr.rot Pz. || APCBC || 52 || 50 || 45 || 39 || 34 || 30
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Hl.Gr 38B || HEAT || 450 || 4.57 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 872.1 || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| Sprgr. 34 || HE || 420 || 5.74 || 0 || 0.1 || 686 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| K.Gr.rot Pz. || APCBC || 385 || 6.78 || 1.2 || 14 || 102.4 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| K.Gr.Rot Nb. || 423 || 6.2 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''80''' || 65 ''(+15)'' || 57 ''(+23)'' || 41 ''(+39)'' || 25 ''(+55)'' || 17 ''(+63)'' || 1 ''(+79)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Racks disappear after all shells in the rack have been shot or loaded.
* Packing 25 (+55) shells (racks 1 to 4 emptied) is a good compromise between doing well in combat and minimizing ammo presence on board.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}


The Neubaufahrzeug also has an additional second anti-tank gun in the main turret: a 37 mm KwK36, located to the left of the 75 mm cannon. This shoots either 47 mm penetration APHE or 86 mm penetration APCR rounds. It is the same decent gun as the Pz.III B and Pz.III E, but is best used as a backup to the 75 mm between reloads. It shoots at far higher muzzle velocity, so it is more suited to long-range engagements.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[KwK36 (37 mm)|37 mm KwK36]] || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
| 50 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 3.77 || 3.33 || 3.07 || 2.90
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| PzGr 40 || APCR || 86 || 77 || 47 || 26 || 14 || 8
|-
| PzGr || APHE || 47 || 44 || 31 || 21 || 14 || 9
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| PzGr 40 || APCR || 1,020 || 0.37 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| PzGr || APHE || 745 || 0.69 || 1.2 || 9 || 22.1 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 41 ''(+9)'' || 31 ''(+19)'' || 21 ''(+29)'' || 11 ''(+39)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Racks disappear after all shells in the rack have been shot or loaded.
* Packing 21 (+29) shells (racks 1 to 3 emptied) is a good compromise between doing well in combat and minimizing ammo presence on board.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|MG13 Dreyse (7.92 mm)}}

The Neubaufahrzeug also holds three small-calibre MG13 Dreyse machine guns, which are similar to the MG34 and use the same belts. At best, they're good for strafing flak trucks, but in practicality, they're almost useless since the two MG turrets have very poor turret traverse.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG13 Dreyse (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG13 Dreyse]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1950 (75) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Front turret || 1950 (75) || 500 || -7°/+40° || -40°/+140°
|-
| Rear turret || 1950 (75) || 500 || -7°/+40° || +125°/-55°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

'''Ammo choices:'''

Consider the following amunition for battles:

* 75 mm gun: Bring ~20 shots of K.Gr.rot Pz. APCBC to deal with light and medium tanks, ~8 shots of Hl.Gr 38B HEAT for heavy tanks.
* 37 mm gun: Bring ~20 rounds of PzGr APHE for lightly armoured targets, and ~20 shots of PzGr 40 APCR for medium and heavy targets.

'''In general:'''

The {{PAGENAME}} is a tank much too big for its own good. The profile of the {{PAGENAME}} is very similar to the Soviet [[T-28 (Family)|T-28]]. However, the armour of the {{PAGENAME}} is much too thin with the majority of the armour on the tank being 13 mm, even large sections of the front armour are this thickness. There certainly are lots of space inside between modules that there is a chance for a shell to pass through without causing significant damage. However, it is very easy for the enemy to target the main turret and knock out the necessary crew members to incapacitate the {{PAGENAME}}'s fighting ability, leading to follow-up movement for the enemy to close in to destroy the {{PAGENAME}}. As such, the {{PAGENAME}}'s imposing size is a paper tiger and should not imbue a player with the impression of a typical medium tank as even a 20 mm autocannon shell will easily tear apart the {{PAGENAME}}

'''Fire support:'''

The {{PAGENAME}}'s armour attribute relegates it to a support or ambush role that makes the most of the terrain for cover. Though the turret is mounted tall and is rather vulnerable to return fire, the tandem 75 mm and 37 mm gun on the same mantlet gives the {{PAGENAME}} several benefits when fighting from an emplaced position. Firstly, the gun elevation and depression angles are rather good so taking a position behind a hill to hide the hull while only exposing the turret is more feasible. Second, the manner the guns are mounted means that quick follow-up shots with little adjustments with the turret is possible, especially when changing optics with the weapon selection controls ("Select Primary Weapon" and "Select Secondary Weapon" in the controls). Thirdly, the fast reload speeds of about 3.5 seconds between the two guns means rapid firing rounds down a beaten zone is possible the {{PAGENAME}}, possible denying an avenue of advance to the enemy if the {{PAGENAME}} can lockdown an area from its position. With a ''Hl.Gr 38B'' HEAT round available for the 75 mm, the {{PAGENAME}} can plink through even the fearsome [[B1 bis]] from the front.

Since the turret is located near the front of the hull, the Nb.Fz. can comfortable peek out the front half only. By binding separate keys for firing the 75 mm and 37 mm guns, you can "one-two-punch" almost any tank you encounter such as [[Crusader (Family)|Crusader]], [[T-70]], [[Chi-Ha (Family)|Chi-Ha]], [[M3 Stuart (Family)|M3 Stuart]], etc. It is recommended to fire a similar type of ammunition across both guns to ensure unity in damage and penetration, for example use the 37 mm APHE and 75 mm APCBC for lighter opponents, and 37 mm APCR and 75 mm HEAT against heavier tanks. When engaging enemies, you can fire the 75 mm first because it has better damage, then go after any still-conscious crew with the 37 mm while the 75 mm reloads. The Nb.Fz. can fire quick salvos thanks to the fast reload of its cannons.

Luckily, the Nb.Fz. has adequate speed to keep up with medium tank teammates, allowing it to provide supporting fire in time. When moving, only do so to another cover that the {{PAGENAME}} can fight from. Do not expose the {{PAGENAME}} in the open as even heavy machine gun fire from a distance can penetrate the 13 mm armour plating on the sides, rear, and even the front at certain angles. Though the {{PAGENAME}} has the benefit of having a rather large volume of space inside for dead air, the engine takes a pretty large place in the tank that is easily destroyed from the side. If this immobilizes the {{PAGENAME}}, it could spell a quick end pretty soon by follow-up enemy shots or incoming air attacks. Air attacks can also quickly destroy the {{PAGENAME}} if any planes with armaments larger than 12.7 mm come and strafe the {{PAGENAME}}.

Unfortunately, most enemy tanks can knock out the {{PAGENAME}} with relative ease once it gets a shot in. Some significant worries the {{PAGENAME}} should be aware of are enemy heavy tanks and speedy vehicles carrying autocannons. Enemy heavy tanks like the [[B1 ter]] can be a big issue as none of the {{PAGENAME}}'s armaments, not even at close range, can reliably penetrate from the front (the B1 bis has slightly thinner armour that is easier to penetrate).

In the {{PAGENAME}}, avoid engaging in direct combat. Find a good terrain to cover the {{PAGENAME}} and use the tall turret and gun elevation angles to strike the enemy as they attempt to attack the point. Choose positions where you only need to deal with threats from one direction, as the Nb.Fz's slow turret rotation does not allow it to respond to targets around it fast enough which can be dangerous. For example, a straight street can be suitable, wheras an open field may not be.

'''Twin cannon tactic:'''

The {{PAGENAME}}'s dual cannon design brings another interesting tactic: in a standoff between you and another enemy behind cover, both of you may be hesitant to leave the cover in fear of being shot first, with the hope that one would fire their cannon first then the other will pounce during the reload process. This type of situation can last for quite a while with conventional tanks. However, with the {{PAGENAME}}, this can be exploited to your advantage. Turn the {{PAGENAME}}'s turret slightly so it is visible for the enemy, then deliberately fire the 37 mm towards their general direction. Thinking that the {{PAGENAME}} has fired and missed its shot, most opponents will peek out and return fire thinking that you are still reloading. Once they move and expose themselves, use the ready 75 mm gun and blast them away with either a HEAT or APCBC depending on the opponent's model. This tactic will work even better if the Nb.Fz. is covered with bushes to conceal its twin cannons.

=== Enemies worth noting: ===

* [[B1 bis|B1]]: The HEAT shell for the 75 mm can generally be adequate against the B1 bis. If the B1 bis is angling, target its turret ring or copula to disable its 47 mm gunner, make sure to use 75 mm HEAT and 37 mm APCR. Use the same ammo if you get to shoot the B1 bis's side or rear. Against a B1 ter, target the copula with APHE/APCBC so the shrapnel can travel downwards and knock out the 47 mm gunner. Unfortunately the 75 mm HEAT and 37 mm APCR will be largely ineffective when shooting its hull side, so target its hull rear or turret sides and rear.
* [[Valentine I|Valentine Mk I]]: The Valentine I is a bit easier to penetrate as its armour is 60 mm compared to the B1's ~70 mm, but it has a much stronger 40 mm gun which you should avoid at all costs. Ammo from both of your cannons don't perform that much better against it, since experienced Valentine commanders will angle. Still you can target its turret front with HEAT/APCR. Knocking out the 2 crew inside its turret will destroy it as that's 2/3 of its crew. Concisely, as an early war tank, just avoid these heavy vehicles where possible and call for stronger teammates to help.
* SPAAG: Fast vehicles with autocannons, mostly self-propelled anti-aircraft guns, are also a concern as the autocannon can easily chew up the {{PAGENAME}} once they begin firing on it. Some examples are [[AS 42]] and [[Flakpanzer 38]]. Although the {{PAGENAME}} has a typically faster turret traverse speed than the other contemporary German medium tanks, its not a big enough improvement to track a flanking vehicle should it catch the {{PAGENAME}} off guard.

=== Against the Nb.Fz: ===

* '''Light tanks & SPAAs''': Light vehicles like [[M2A4]], [[A13 (Family)|A13]], [[BT-5]], etc should use their superior speed and manoeuvrability to their advantage, and flank the Nb.Fz. The Nb.Fz. has slow hull traverse, substandard turret rotation for all turrets, and sluggish acceleration, meaning it cannot deal with your surprise attack quickly and is certain to take damage. In a flank, destroy its driver or engine first so it cannot move, then wipe out its turret crew. No need to worry about it returning fire as its turret will never complete a 90° turn before you load your second shell/clip. However, if it happens to face you, shoot the right side of its main turret to knock out its gunner, then go for the rest of the crew. Never get hit by it though, as its cannons can fire explosive APHE/APHEBC or piercing APCR/HEAT which are all fatal for your light vehicle.
* '''Medium tanks & tank destroyers''': Medium tanks loses the advantage of fast speed meaning they cannot flank as effectively, while tank destroyers are usually turretless, armed with medium-tank-level cannons, and have similar mobility as medium tanks. Now, since flanking happens less and direct engagement rate increases, you should aim for the right side of its main turret to disarm it. Only peek out and fire when the Nb.Fz. is distracted. If it misses a shot, do not go out immediately since it probably has another cannon loaded, waiting for you to take the bait. Thus, it is better to act defensively and wait for the Nb.Fz. to make mistakes first, such as shifting its focus to another teammate. For open-top tank destroyers, relocate immediately if the Nb.Fz. drops an artillery strike on you.
* '''Heavy tanks''': Well-protected tanks (e.g. [[Valentine I]], [[B1 bis]]) can only face the Nb.Fz. in a full downtier. Thanks to the thick armour on these tanks you can comfortably take its blows. However you still need to angle or swing your turret randomly to increase your effective thickness as well as to throw off the Nb.Fz.'s aim. It has a maximum penetration of 80 mm which might go through your weak spot, but can be easily surpassed by angling constantly.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Can chain the two guns between reloads of each
* Both guns reload in similarly fast speeds
* High survivability due to numerous and well-spaced out crew
* More mobile than one would expect for such a large tank
* Good zoom on the guns

'''Cons:'''

* Armour is deceptively thin for such a large tank
* Top speed is nothing to write home about in this rank
* Would find its options limited when against the [[B1 bis]], [[B1 ter]], and [[Valentine I]]
* Awful turret traverse on all three turrets makes it hard to react well to multiple enemies, let alone flak trucks
* Large target

== History ==


The Neubaufahrzeug was a prototype of what was to come with German heavy tanks. Historically, they were slow, heavy, and complicated. Not thought of as successful, only 5 were actually built. 3 of these tanks were sent to Norway at the start of the war, but only 1 of the 3 saw action. They were mostly used for propaganda.

=== In-game description ===
An experimental multi-turret medium tank. The first models were built in 1934. During construction the tank took on the designation of Neubaufahrzeug V (Nb.Fz.V) for the first two vehicles. The second series of three tanks had the designation Nb.Fz.VI.

In German military documentation the designation Panzerkampfwagen VII is also encountered; it was later replaced by Pz.Kpfw.IVnA (Panzerkampfwagen IV new Art). During the Norwegian campaign the tanks were also referred to in documents as Neubau-Pz.Kpfw.IV.

All three tanks of the second series were used during the Norwegian operation. They were officially part of the special tank battalion Panzer Abteilung zur besonderer Verwendung 40 (Pz.Abt1. Zb.V 40). The tanks were combined into one company under the command of Lt. Hans Horstmann.

The official name of this subdivision in battalion documentation was Zug "Plutos", but it was most commonly referred to by its commander's name as Panzerzug "Horstmann". The company's emblem was a mammoth's head located in front of the driver's cabin.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_nbfz_VI Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|ZnopLjce42E|'''The Shooting Range #225''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:43 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|RyA5KcS2hAw|'''Multi-turreted Tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:21 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|KE7i01L5DVk|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|Kzq_Nm2MgvA|"The Premium Neubaufahrzeug "Nb.Fz.", German Tier-1, Medium Tank" - "Angry Nerd Gaming"}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[T-35]]
* [[Independent]]
* [[Ro-Go]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/787|[Development] Neubaufahrzeug VI]]
* [[wikipedia:Neubaufahrzeug|[Wikipedia] Neubaufahrzeug]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/nazi_germany/neubaufahrzeug.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Neubaufahrzeug]

{{Germany medium tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

Ki-27 otsu

2022-10-08T09:48:38Z

U111069508: /* History */ changed I-15 and I-16 hyperlinks to family pages

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = Ki-27 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ki-27_otsu
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.43]].

The Allied reporting name for this plane was "Nate"; however, it was also called "Abdul" in the "China Burma India" theater by many post-war sources.

The Ki-27 is a frontline fighter for interwar/pre-WW2 historical engagements such as the Battles of Khalkin Gol. In most maps, the Ki-27 will distinguish itself as a low-level dogfighter: its performance below 1,000 m is superb and it can manoeuvre away from nearly any other comparable fighter. Like the [[Ki-10 (Family)|Ki-10 series]] before it, the Ki-27 otsu suffers from its poor armament (twin 7.7 mm Type 89s) and weak armour, which means it makes for a poor interceptor despite its high speed, but the Ki-27 makes an excellent escort for bombers and flying boats to provide cover for their allied bombers.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

Like its Ki-10 predecessor, the Ki-27 relies on its manoeuvrability for its survival. Therefore, turnfighting is vital for a Ki-27 pilot. Avoid diving on opponents, due to the Ki-27's fuel feed issues, and focus on scaring enemy pursuers away from bombers rather than chasing a kill. A lone Ki-27 is easy prey for allied energy fighters. Like most Japanese fighters, engaging an enemy head-on is not recommended. If fighting an enemy energy fighter head-on, a good strategy is to turn away (usually a slight turn as you'll want him to miss you, but also pass you), and hope that he turns to follow.

Like the comparable [[A5M4]], the Ki-27's carburettor engine suffers from fuel feed issues in negative G manoeuvres, like diving. Nosing down will cause the engine to choke out. Positive G manoeuvres like the Split-S are preferred. This issue will allow enemies to out dive the Ki-27, so engaging at low altitudes is preferred.

Additionally, the Ki-27 runs hot and will overheat at 100% throttle on all but the coldest maps. To cool off, ease the throttle back to 40% or 50% and, if possible, try to gain altitude. If the engine overheats during a dogfight, try to break off if the opportunity presents itself. No pilot can outmanoeuvre on an overheated engine.

Compared to the [[Ki-43-I]], it has marginally better manoeuvrability with a very low stall speed around 91 km/h (49 knots) with landing flaps deployed. However, the Ki-27 retains the power-to-weight ratio of the Ki-10 biplane, allowing it to climb very steeply at a 45° climb angle.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 476 || 465 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 10.2 || 10.6 || 8.5 || 8.5 || rowspan="2" | 180
|-
! Upgraded
| 517 || 495 || 9.8 || 10.0 || 18.6 || 12.8
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 220 || ~10 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 350 || < 350 || < 350 || > 296
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,300 m || 705 hp || 846 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The Ki-27 does not have any armour, so your great turn rate is the only real defence. The fuel tanks aren't self-sealing either, which only strengthens the need to use your great turn rate. There is one fuel tank above and behind the oil cooling system; the rest are in the wings, with 2 in each wing.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

At this rank, the order of research is mainly personal preference, though the Ki-27 Otsu will benefit significantly from defensive and performance enhancing modifications.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 89 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.7 mm Type 89 machine guns, nose-mounted (500 rpg = 1,000 total)

== Usage in battles ==

A superior dogfighter for turnfighting, the Ki-27 is the first plane to begin showing the features typical of the Japanese [[A6M2|"Zero"]] but with none of the bite. Its speed and manoeuvrability are plagued by engine problems, with no armour and a standard armament.

In battle, no Allied fighter can outturn you, except for biplanes, but most will outgun you (and even most biplanes match the Ki-27 in armament).

Biplanes make easy prey for the Ki-27, and it can easily outmanoeuvre the [[P-36C]], the [[F2A-1]] and the [[I-16 type 24]], but their stronger armaments will knock out a Ki-27 in a single good burst. Simply outrunning any of them is an excellent evasive manoeuvre. [[Hurricane Mk I/L]]s can strictly compete with the Ki-27 Otsu in manoeuvrability, but the Hurricane's heavier armament (four times that of the Ki-27) can also quickly shred a Ki-27. Additionally, outrunning a Hurricane in a Ki-27 is not possible. The [[I-15bis]] will be the bane of a Ki-27s existence, as their excellent turning ability will force it into energy bleeding manoeuvres or Boom & Zoom style combat.

;Enemies worth noting

Despite its low battle rating, you can face some challenging foes when flying the Ki-27. Biplanes will give you a run for your money in terms of manoeuvrability, while some early monoplanes will be faster and more heavily armed than you. Therefore, it is important to judge your foes accordingly.

From America, you will face the [[P-26 (Family)|P-26]]. They are quite good divers and have a decent roll rate, but will not be able to outmanoeuvre you in a turn fight. The [[P-36 (Family)|P-36]] is more challenging. Faster and well-armed, you will have to rely on your turn rate to try and outmanoeuvre them.

Then from Germany you also have the He 100 D-1, which is fast. Its energy energy retention is good as which means that it will bleed speed far slower than you. The best way to fight it is to lure it into a dogfight to bleed its energy. If the He 100 D-1 breaks off the engagement, runs away and is out of your shooting distance, you should just break off too but be prepared for it to come back.

One of the most challenging opponents is the [[I-153 M-62]] Chaika. It is not a mere upgraded [[I-15bis]], but in all performance aspects equal to the Nakajima Ki-27 fighter. Also on the Soviet side, the [[MiG-3 (Family)|MiG-3]] is a significant threat. It is one of the fastest aircraft in its battle rating and has powerful armament. In skilled hands, it can be an almost impossible opponent to combat, especially when using Boom & Zoom tactics against you. Your only defence will be to try and outmanoeuvre it or to lure it into a turnfight.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great manoeuvrability, on par with biplanes
* Good stability in turns
* Good speed, for its tier
* Excellent climb rate

'''Cons:'''

* Limited firepower
* Engine overheats rapidly on hot maps
* Engine chokes in negative G dives
* No armour

== History ==

The Nakajima Ki-27 otsu began as the Ki-11, a competitor for the [[Ki-10-I|Kawasaki Ki-10]] biplane. While faster and more modern than the Ki-10 biplane, the Ki-11 wasn't adopted because the Imperial Japanese Army valued manoeuvrability over speed. Nakajima continued development of the design before finalising the Ki-12, a modern monoplane with a liquid-cooled engine and retractable landing gear, but the Army denied it outright as too maintenance heavy for forward airbases in Manchuria and China. The redesigned plane instead featured a radial air-cooled engine, fixed landing gear and fully enclosed cockpit and received the designation Ki-27.

In 1936, the Ki-27 competed against the Kawasaki Ki-28 (a prototype design fated to never enter production) and the Mitsubishi Ki-33 (a de-navalised [[A5M4|A5M]]). While the Ki-33 outperformed the Ki-27 in most regards, the Imperial Japanese Army was loath to adopt a "navy fighter", and approved the Ki-27 with minor modifications. The Ki-27 entered service as the Army Type 97 Fighter.

While the Ki-10 would not be finally phased out from front line service until 1942, by 1940, the Ki-27 was the primary army fighter on the front lines. It was unmatched by any plane in the Chinese air force inventory, and outperformed the Soviet [[I-15 (Family)|I-15]] and [[I-16 (Family)|I-16]] fighters in the Battles of Khalkhin Gol, with some pilots scoring 11 kills against Soviet planes in a single day. Against Chinese Curtiss [[P-36A|P-36 Hawks]], veteran Ki-27 pilots achieved similar, but not as impressive kill rates.

Over China, the Ki-27 was unmatched until the deployment of the [[P-40E-1|P-40 Warhawks]] with the American Volunteer Group. After America's entry into the war, the Ki-27 also fared poorly against the US Navy's F2A Brewster Buffalo and F4F Wildcat and was removed from most front line service within the first months of the war, replaced by the much-improved Ki-43. However, it remained a front line fighter in Thai service, where the Ki-27 scored recorded kills against [[P-51D-30|P-51]]s and at least one [[P-38G-1|P-38]].

Because of their high production numbers and relatively few losses, Ki-27 would see a renewed role late in the war as Kamikaze planes.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ki-27_otsu Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/202077-nakajima-ki-27-otsu/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[wikipedia:Nakajima_Ki-27|[Wikipedia] Nakajima Ki-27]]

{{AirManufacturer Nakajima}}
{{Japan fighters}}

A28B

2022-09-28T17:49:51Z

U111069508: /* Usage in battles */ changed all J28B to A28B

{{About
| about = Swedish jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| and
| usage = other versions
| link-1 = Vampire FB 5
| link-2 = Vampire FB 52A
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=vampire_fb5_j28b
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_vampire_fb5_j28b.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

The J28B is an early Cold War jet known as the [[Vampire FB 5]] in the British tech tree. It was ordered in large numbers by the Swedish air force to leap into the jet age. The Vampire family is known for its great dogfighting capabilities, meaning the J28B can comfortably fend off several opponents at once if controlled by a skillful pilot. This aerial performance is given at the cost of engine power.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===

{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The J28B performs well at low altitude where it easily outturns most opponents it faces. Thanks to the excellent flaps and air brakes, a pilot aware of his/her energy can fend off anyone that picks a fight. The flaps can be utilised at various speeds to outturn any enemy at any time. Dogfights are where the Vampire platform shines, it is a highly effective fighter with its relatively light airframe and smooth controls. Although the power is lacklustre, a pilot aware of his/her surroundings will have no difficulty avoiding incoming enemies. This lack of engine power will, however, cripple the J28B when it comes to acceleration. A Vampire tends to lose a lot of speed when engaged in turning. So gaining it back to defend itself against new opponents becomes a hassle. And even if a J28B pilot manages to get their speed up, catching a target will be close to impossible with a slow top speed. This lack of power hinders the J28B in many ways, mostly related to energy. This is why "Vamp" pilots are advised to climb at the beginning of a match, despite the lack of a decent climb rate.
[[File:Rocket J28B.png|thumb|The Aiming reticle of the Swedish m/51 rockets.]]
The J28B performs identically to the Vampire FB 5 which should not come as a surprise. The firepower is what makes them different, however. The J28B is outfitted with the Swedish Akan m/47B (short for "Automatkanon"), which is the Swedish designation of the British Hispano Mk.V, although the calibre and fire rate are the same, the burst mass is larger. This has to do with the Swedish ammunition. The Swedish ammo type contains more TNT and is fully tracer equipped, meaning stealth isn't an option. Despite this downside, the guns perform closer to the American AN/M3 guns instead of the British Hispanos, making the J28B the most effective Vampire in regards to firepower. The J28B is also outfitted with several types of anti-tank and anti-ship rockets. Despite lacking the large 1,000 lb bombs the FB 5 offers, the rockets offer a much different experience compared to the original model. The rockets fire one at a time held on by a Swedish rocket rack, pointing them further down than usual. The average pilot, especially the ones coming from the FB 5, will find this new placement tricky to get used to. But considering the single fire system, a skilled pilot might be able to rack up more destroyed tanks in ground battles compared to the FB 5. If this becomes too sufferable, however, it is recommended to use "Fire rocket salvo" instead to fire off two rockets at once, for a more traditional feel. It's not worth sacrificing accuracy for efficiency when it comes to rockets.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,572 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 841 || 814 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.8 || 25.6 || 17.5 || 16.4 || rowspan="2" | 650
|-
! Upgraded
| 917 || 882 || 23.8 || 24.0 || 27.0 || 22.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 495 || 464 || 300 || ~10 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 550 || < 600 || < 600 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | de Havilland Goblin 3 || 1
| colspan="2" | 3,502 kg || colspan="3" | 194 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 35m fuel
|-
| 705 kg || colspan="2" | Centrifugal-flow turbojet
| 3,866 kg || 4,179 kg || 4,517 kg || 4,715 kg || 5,606 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 35m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,410 kgf || N/A
| 0.36 || 0.34 || 0.31 || 0.30 || 0.25
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,410 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.36 || 0.34 || 0.31 || 0.30 || 0.25
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen
* 12.7 mm Steel - Armour plate behind the pilot's head
* 3 mm Steel - Armour plate under the engine

[[File:Armour values J28B.png|thumb|Armour found inside the J28B]]
The J28B has the same armour as the Vampire FB 5 as well as the Italian [[Vampire FB 52A]]. Despite being dangerous in a head-on due to the beefed-up guns, a J28B should never fully commit to a head-on engagement, the bulletproof glass will, however, save the pilot most of the time. The tail section is not easily saved though. The twin-boom makes it twice as likely to hit the traction of control surfaces. This leaves the J28B completely useless usually resulting in abandonment of the aircraft, which should be avoided at all costs.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Akan m/47B (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Akan m/47B cannons, chin-mounted (150 rpg = 600 total)

The 20 mm m/47B cannons found on the {{PAGENAME}} are fairly unique, as it's the only vehicle in the game carrying this specific version. The gun is identical to the British [[Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)|Hispano Mk.V]] found on the [[Vampire FB 5|British Vampire]]. Ammunition count and fire-rate are identical, but the belt composition differs. While the British guns use shells that lack tracers, along with less explosive, the Swedish HEF-T, and AP-T are the only two rounds available, resulting in every round being visible. This can seem overwhelming, but considering the amount of damage the {{PAGENAME}} deals in a single burst compared to the Hispano, the trade-off is worth it.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|psrak m/49A|srak m/51}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 8 x psrak m/49A rockets

The {{PAGENAME}} is incredibly feared in ground-battles due to the devastating m/49A rockets it carries. These rockets lack a high explosive-mass, especially compared to high-explosive rockets similar to it, such as the British [[RP-3]]. However, the Swedish rocket works more in a shape-charge matter, giving it high penetration values, and post-penetration damage. This means the {{PAGENAME}} is more likely to ammo-rack opponents than similar analogs, as the {{PAGENAME}} can engage opponents from any angle it wishes

* 8 x srak m/51 rockets

Although visually indistinguishable from the m/49A, the m/51 rockets are very different in behaviour from their older counterpart. These rockets are high-explosive, similar to how the British RP-3 behaves. The rocket lacks significant penetration, even when compared to the RP-3, making them quite redundant against tanks. They can be effectively used against lightly armoured vehicles, however, as the explosive spreads more towards the side rather than just forwardly. The rockets can also be used against aerial opponents, especially bombers. Since this rocket has a 10 m/s faster travel-speed compared to the m/49A before it, they're slightly more useful when applied against aerial targets, even if they're less than ideal for this purpose.

{{Notice|The {{PAGENAME}} features a rocket-rack pointing all suspended weapons ~5° downwards. This forces pilots to fly the plane horizontal to avoid missing the target but allows the {{PAGENAME}} to engage tanks without pointing its nose down a lot.}}

== Usage in battles ==

'''Air Realistic battles'''

* Minimum fuel or 20 minutes - depends on map size
* Ground targets for 20mm belts
* Climb slightly at ~10°
* Boom & Zoom opponents, dogfight when necessary

A A28B pilot should always be aware of his/her speed and altitude, or energy in more advanced terms. To avoid enemies with superior engine power using it as a boom and zoom target, a A28B pilot should use altitude to their advantage. Since the Vampire platform is bad at building up energy, the pilot should store as much energy as possible for when the battle begins. Before engaging targets, it can also be useful to always keep a speed of at least 400 km/h to limit the number of options an enemy has to counterattack. This also helps the A28B to swiftly turn around and begin a dogfight if the opponent commits to one. This play-style can be applied to every Vampire plane in the game since they perform mostly the same. The A28B has to watch out for [[Ho 229 V3]] players, however, since they can outmatch the A28B in turning. A good way to counter the Horten is to make it bleed speed. Forcing it to turn once or twice and then extending away from the enemy.

A play-style close to that of a propeller-driven aircraft can be applied, where energy is the key to survival. The A28B has quite the firepower compared to the other Vampire models. This can reward players who can safely head-on from a distance and then avoid incoming shots from the enemy. This will usually result in a critical hit or straight-up destruction if the enemy doesn't also avoid. The fired rounds are quite deadly and require less gun-time compared to the British counterpart. This gives the A28B an overall higher chance of surviving since it can afford to spend less time on each target. A pilot comfortable with their aim will easily outsmart opponents and make them think twice before engaging in a future dogfight with a {{PAGENAME}}.

'''Ground Realistic battles'''

* Minimum fuel, 8 x m/49A rockets
* Ground targets for 20mm belts
* Attack opponents from low altitude
* Prioritize aerial opponents

The {{PAGENAME}} is the ultimate CAS plane for Sweden at the BR range it sits at. The Vampire platform is incredibly manoeuvrable which allows for safe attacks against ground targets, and the high agility is incredibly helpful against propeller-driven opponents. Equipping eight m/49A rockets does hinder the performance slightly, but are one of the most lethal rockets found at this BR. Thanks to them being a tier I modification, having a potent {{PAGENAME}} isn't difficult to achieve. Make sure to engage targets at low altitude, avoiding any form of SPAA, as the {{PAGENAME}} is required to fly straight during approaches, due to the difficulty of aiming. Make sure to aim the m/49 rockets in tightly packed crew compartments, and ammunition stowage, similar to how you would typically fire a HEAT-FS round. This is why broadside engagements are more effective, as having a larger target profile allows for increased accuracy.

The rockets aren't the only thing the {{PAGENAME}} makes use of. The 20mm cannons have plenty of ammunition and allow the plane to deal with SPAA from longer distances. The ground-targets belt penetrates most SPAA, allowing the {{PAGENAME}} to save the m/49A rockets for tanks instead. The guns are capable of damaging engine decks, especially on tanks such as the British [[Centurion (Family)|Centurion]] or German [[Panther tank (Family)|Panther]]. Against aerial targets the {{PAGENAME}} performs ideal as always, damaging most opponents in a single spray. Always make sure to deal with these opponents first, as even if they pose no threat to the {{PAGENAME}}, they most definitely threaten its teammates.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great turning and dogfighting capabilities.
* Stronger guns than the British/Italian counterpart.
* Effective air-brakes that generate lift once deployed.
* Decent ammo count.
* Easy to land.
* Powerful rockets with 500mm penetration.

'''Cons:'''

* Slow top speed.
* Poor rate of climb.
* Low gun placement forcing pilots to aim higher than usual.
* Weak tail section that often suffers damage from enemy fire.
* Retains energy poorly.

== History ==


The Swedish air force carefully studied what was happening at the Fronts in WWII, and by 1944 it was already obvious that the propeller era was coming to a close. By early 1945, the Swedes had already begun a project to power the Saab J21 with a ramjet. However, it seemed this project would take far too long. By autumn of 1945, the J29 project was also beginning to take shape. But even this project wouldn't take to the skies until 1949, so a foreign design had to do until then.

The British de Havilland Vampire was one of the first jet-powered fighter planes to enter the market, and Sweden was very interested in this design. In early 1946, Sweden ordered 70 Vampire F Mk 1 models designated J28A, thus becoming one of the first customers of the Vampire. This version was mostly used as practice for the new era of jet-driven aircraft. But the Swedes became fond of the design. So when the export version of the Vampire FB 5 entered the market known as the Mk 50, Sweden was very interested and orders started in 1949. This version was to be known as the J28B or A28B depending on suspended armaments. This version differed from the Mk 1 by having a renewed, rounder tail section, and a lower placed elevator. The engine was upgraded from the RM1 to the RM1A that was now produced by SFA (Svenska flygmotor AB) in Sweden and delivered to de Havilland in Britain for installation. The main armament was also changed from the Hispano Mk II to the more potent Hispano Mk V. By 1952, 310 J28B Vampires had been delivered to Sweden. 12 of these would be rebuilt as a two-seat trainer, known as the J28C-3.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

'''Vampire family'''

* [[Vampire FB 5]]
* [[Vampire FB 52A]]

'''Similar aircraft'''

* [[J21RA]]
* [[A21RB]]
* [[R2Y2 Kai V1]]
* [[R2Y2 Kai V2]]
* [[R2Y2 Kai V3]]
* [[Ho 229 V3]]
* [[F3D-1]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:De_Havilland_Vampire|[Wikipedia] De Havilland Vampire]]
* [https://aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/J28A,_B,_C_Vampire_notis_2.htm [aef.se<nowiki>]</nowiki> De Havilland Vampire - Flygvapnets första jetflygplan]
* [https://svfplhist.home.blog/fpl-28-i-flygvapnet/ [svfplhist.home.blog<nowiki>]</nowiki> - Fpl 28 - I flygvapnet]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/262866-de-havilland-vampire-fb5/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer deHavilland}}
{{Sweden jet aircraft}}

A21RB

2022-09-28T17:33:32Z

U111069508: /* General info */ fixed grammer relating to the previous versions guns

{{About
| about = Swedish jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = J21 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_a21rb
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=Cockpit_saab_a21rb.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

The {{PAGENAME}} is a jet-powered version of the prior [[A21A-3]], giving it higher speeds and heavier ordnance.

== General info ==
[[File:A21RB Formation.png|left|thumb|300px|Two {{PAGENAME}} flying in formation]]
The {{PAGENAME}} is a highly manoeuvrable plane, with a good climb rate. The guns, although a downgrade from the previous propeller-driven version's 13.2mm ones, still provide enough firepower to down most targets efficiently. The {{PAGENAME}} is also the first to feature the iconic "Paddan" gunpod, giving it additional lead downrange. Along with central-mounted rockets, the plane is comfortable in both Air Realistic and Ground Realistic battles. The only downside is the airframe, which prevents the aircraft from reaching higher speeds. This is due to the engine being a bit too powerful for the plane, making it common to rip in straight lines and shallow dives.

The plane is an overall great introduction for anyone looking to learn to fly jet aircraft, as the vehicle handles very similar to its propeller-driven counterpart, while at a much higher speed than before.

=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The {{PAGENAME}} is distinctly different in looks and performance from all other planes found at the same BR-range. Along with the Yak-15, the Saab 21R is one of the two propeller-driven planes successfully converted into jet propulsion. Just like its Soviet counterpart, the solution comes at the cost of speed. Although a lot more powerful than the A21A-3, it still has the same airframe limitations. The climb-rate is also significantly improved due to the weight of the vehicle, resulting in good vertical energy with the ability to stall out slower opponents. Getting back down can prove difficult however, as the {{PAGENAME}} has a rip speed of just 787 km/h, which it can accidentally reach if not careful. To avoid this, the plane features a small set of air-brakes, which aids in maintaining a safe speed. Experienced pilots can find a good use for them to force overshoots, or to out-turn propeller-driven opponents. Be careful with the engine however! The propulsion of the {{PAGENAME}} is very primitive, and suffers from fuel starvation during extreme manoeuvres, especially in negative G-loads. This can be fatal when fighting vertically, as the engine drops all power almost immediately, and has to spool back up again before reaching the same efficiency as before.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 2,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 811 || 789 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.1 || 25.7 || 21.0 || 20.3 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 878 || 850 || 23.0 || 24.0 || 28.4 || 24.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 438 || 409 || 260 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 450 || < 390 || < 420 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="3" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="1" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Svenska Flygmotor RM1A || 1
| colspan="1" | 3,635 kg || colspan="2" | 196 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="2" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 6m fuel || 20m fuel
|-
| 705 kg || colspan="2" | Centrifugal-flow turbojet
| 3,849 kg || 4,347 kg || 5,000 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="3" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 6m fuel || 20m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,420 kgf || N/A
| 0.37 || 0.33 || 0.28
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,420 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.37 || 0.33 || 0.28
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

[[File:J21 Armour Plating.png|450px|thumb|right|Protective components found in the '''{{PAGENAME}}'''.]]

* 10 mm steel - Firewall armour plate
* 10 mm steel - Firewall cover armour plate
* 10 mm steel - Pilot's back armour plate
* 60 mm bulletproof glass

Although the {{PAGENAME}} is meant for ground-attack, the plane lacks significant protection to withstand a lot of incoming fire. The pilot is well protected by metal plates and bulletproof glass, but the pilot's safety isn't the primary concern for the {{PAGENAME}}, as the tail section is incredibly vulnerable. This is due to the twin-boom design, making a tailstrike twice as likely. And since the tail connects to the wing-section, the plane tends to lose tail-control when struck by wing damage. The engine is very large in comparison to the rest of the plane, making it a common target. The {{PAGENAME}} should avoid all possible damage, as surviving large amounts of fire is highly unlikely. Pulling away from head-on engagements increases the survivability immensely. Avoiding the enemy airfield is also important, as the {{PAGENAME}} lacks the speed to keep it safe from flak fire.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Akan m/45 (20 mm)|Akan m/39A (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm Akan m/45 cannon, nose-mounted (140 rpg)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Akan m/39A machine guns, nose-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Akan m/39A machine guns, wing-mounted (325 rpg = 650 total)

The {{PAGENAME}} shares the same 20 mm cannon found on the previous [[A21A-3]]. This cannon is near identical to the [[Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)|Hispano Mk.V]], only with a 30 rpm lower fire-rate. The shells perform the same as on all the other 20 mm-armed jets, making it highly devastating against all types of aircraft. The Armoured targets belt performs favourably with this cannon, as the Air targets belt can cause some mishaps during short bursts. The cannon runs out of ammunition quite quickly compared to the machine-guns, so saving it by only making use of the small calibre guns first can be ideal for spraying.

The {{PAGENAME}} features .50 cal machine guns, being identical to the later American ones. Although a direct downgrade from the Swedish 13 mm previously found on the plane, the {{PAGENAME}} makes good use of these cannons, as they allow for distanced engagements, along with additional firepower to back up the 20 mm cannon. Their ammo count is quite high as well, making them great for strafing, and finishing off heavy bombers.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|hprak m/49|psrak m/49A|srak m/51|Ksp m/22 (8 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 8 x 8 mm Ksp m/22 machine guns, belly-mounted (gunpod) (100 rpg = 800 total)
* 10 x psrak m/49A rockets
* 10 x srak m/51 rockets
* 5 x hprak m/49 rockets

[[File:A21RB Armaments.png|thumb|313x313px|{{PAGENAME}} carrying m/49A rockets]]
A unique feature only found on the {{PAGENAME}} is the ability to use the abstract gunpod. Commonly known as "Paddan" (directly translated to "The toad"), the gunpod features eight 8 mm Ksp m/22, repurposed from old J8 Gladiators. Although weak guns by nature, having eight of them gives the {{PAGENAME}} unprecedented fire-power shredding anything that goes head-to-head with it. The ammunition count is low, however, which forces pilots to use them carefully. Saving the gunpod by only using .50 cal on distant opponents, allows the {{PAGENAME}} to get rid of opponents during short bursts, which can be incredibly useful if mastered correctly. It's still important to mention that this gunpod is incredibly heavy and not very aerodynamic, and thus takes a heavy hit on the overall speed of the plane.

The {{PAGENAME}} has a lot of additional advantages over the prior A21A-3, especially when it comes to the ground ordnance. The ground rockets are finally mounted in the middle of the plane, firing one at a time starting from the right. Since the Swedish rockets, especially the m/49 rockets, feature amazing ballistics with little inaccuracy, that along with high penetration, makes for some highly effective air-support. And since the {{PAGENAME}} is quite light, it can easily perform several passes on opponents, which is quite important against heavy opponents.

== Usage in battles ==

'''Air Realistic Battles'''

* Climb to altitude
* Energy-fight opponents by lowering their speed
* Boom & Zoom people below you
* Dogfight slow targets when necessary
* Fire machine guns and cannons separately to save ammo

Despite being jet-powered, the {{PAGENAME}} still performs best when played like a propeller driven aircraft. The airplane struggles to reach high speeds, and drops it fairly quickly when manoeuvring. So the best use of the new engine is to gain altitude. Although weak in performance compared to earlier jets, the {{PAGENAME}} is decent at climbing to altitude, and can very efficiently deal with targets thanks to the high agility offered at lower speeds. Although the flaps are designed for much lower speeds (similar to the A21A-3), the plane still performs similar to the propeller variant when turning, making them less desired than on other jets.

The best way to start a match is to immediately gain altitude. A height advantage around 5 km is usually ideal to avoid losing vital speed when fighting, as the plane can simply dive to gain more velocity. The best way to handle opponents, is to single them out from their team, and forcing them to dogfight, as the {{PAGENAME}} is too slow to chase anyone down. The {{PAGENAME}} is also efficient against propeller aircraft, as it can comfortably turn-fight, while keeping a higher speed. When paired with the devastating firepower it provides, the {{PAGENAME}} becomes deadly when used properly.

'''Ground Realistic Battles'''

* Use minimum fuel and m/49A rockets
* Stay low or high above the ground to avoid SPAA
* Prioritize air-targets
* Attack opponents directly from the side or slightly from above (rockets)
* Strafe directly from above (8 mm gunpod)

The {{PAGENAME}} is even more effective in combined battles, as the platform is highly agile, ideal for close and precise rocket attacks. To compliment this, the {{PAGENAME}} features a fantastic rocket placement, in the center of the aircraft. These launch one at a time, similar to other Swedish aircraft. This gives the {{PAGENAME}} 10 single rocket salvos (m/49A), that can effectively kill one tank each when aimed properly. It's ideal to launch each rocket with the crosshair pointed slightly above the target, as they are placed fairly low. A creative pilot could also make use of the much larger m/49 rockets, but these require a lot of compensation in elevation, and are overall much more difficult to make use of.

While playing the {{PAGENAME}} in Ground RB, it's important to still prioritize air targets. The {{PAGENAME}} is still agile, despite carrying suspended armaments, and is even cheaper to spawn with the 8 mm gunpod, which shreds both aircraft and lightly armoured vehicles. Prioritizing aircraft will substantially help both you, and the team below, as they are capable of dealing equally as much damage.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Highly manoeuvrable - Competes with propeller driven aircraft
* Accurate and powerful rockets - Highly effective against most vehicles
* Upgraded engine compared to the [[J21RA]] - Better rate of climb and acceleration
* Familiar layout for seasoned Swedish pilots - Same gun placement as all previous Saab 21s
* Useful air-brakes - Good at avoiding higher speeds
* Access to suspended 8 x 8 mm gunpod

'''Cons:'''

* Low top speed - Can't reach 800 km/h without tearing off its wings
* Downgraded armament - 12.7 mm machine guns instead of the old 13 mm
* Small fuel tank with limited fuel choice - Either 20 or 9 minutes of fuel
* Engine prone to fuel starvation - negative G-load turns the engine off
* Cumbersome rocket ramp - reduces top-speed by almost 100 km/h
* External gunpod lacks significant ammunition count
* Flaps tear off easily (designed for the propeller version)

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_a21rb Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|zn2uhgI2PPg|'''Best twin-boom aircraft''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 03:55 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|_FQwNWDldSA|'''Sweden Doesn't Disappoint: A21RB''' - ''Spit_flyer''}}

== See also ==


'''Similar Swedish aircraft'''

* [[J28B]]
* [[SK60B]]

'''Comparable Aircraft'''

* [[Yak-15]]
* [[A2D-1]]
* [[F-80A-5]]
* [[He 162 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/480524-j21ra/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden jet aircraft}}

Ro.57 Quadriarma

2022-09-25T13:10:23Z

U111069508: /* Usage in battles */ added 'or air targets belt

{{Specs-Card
|code=ro_57_quadriarma
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Hot Tracks"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/6981-special-operation-w-i-n-t-e-r-en|2020 Operation W.I.N.T.E.R.]] event.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The Ro.57 is quite manoeuvrable for a strike aircraft, with a great roll rate and turn time, and will most likely be able to win turn fights with other twin-engine aircraft. However, remember, the Ro. 57 is not a turn fighter, and should not be used as such. In addition, it's rather slow for its BR, so keep that in mind when chasing enemies.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 451 || 436 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 22.9 || 23.9 || 10.2 || 10.0 || rowspan="2" | 415
|-
! Upgraded
| 480 || 466 || 21.2 || 22.0 || 15.0 || 12.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 470 || 337 || 280 || ~14 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 380 || < 280 || < 520 || > 250
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* No armour
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (1 in front of the ammunition for armament, 1 behind pilot, 1 in rear fuselage)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano 404 (20 mm)|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Hispano 404 cannons, nose-mounted (60 rpg = 120 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|GP 50 (50 kg)|GP 100T (100 kg)|SAP 100M (100 kg)|A.P 160 (160 kg)}}
{{main|GP 250 (250 kg)|GP 500 (500 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (100 kg total)
* 2 x 100 kg SAP 100M bombs (200 kg total)
* 2 x 100 kg GP 100T bombs (200 kg total)
* 2 x 160 kg A.P 160 bombs (320 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg GP 250 bomb + 2 x 100 kg SAP 100M bombs (450 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg GP 250 bomb + 2 x 100 kg GP 100T bombs (450 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg GP 250 bomb + 2 x 160 kg A.P 160 bombs (570 kg total)
* 1 x 500 kg GP 500 bomb (500 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==

At the start of the battle, climb as high as you can. Use the air spawn to your advantage. Intercepting bombers is usually your main job as an interceptor. Head-on engagements are an option as you have good frontal armaments located in the nose. If you are engaged by a fighter, don't hesitate to turn fight. Your turn rate with combat flaps is much better than it may appear and is sometimes on par with even the Spitfire's turn rate under the right conditions. Boom and Zoom can be done but do so with extra caution as you will be chased quite easily by enemy fighters.

'''CAS support'''

The Ro.57 Quadriarma is a champion in Close Air Support at its Battle Rating. With its cannons and payload, it is capable of completely turning around the fortunes of a lost game. The most effective loadout is the 2 x 160 kg bombs and 1 x 250 kg bomb, while as well as the tracer belt for the .50 cal and ground targets belt for the cannons. The launching device of the central bomb is similar to that of the Ju-87 Stuka, so consider having to stay in a dive for about 2 or 3 seconds before the central bomb is released from the mini catapult, in this situation you can extend the airbrake in order to slow down further and be more accurate with the bombs. For the bombs on the wings there are no problems, those are released immediately.

'''Air Superiority'''

In addition to being a good CAS, the Quadriarma can play a very important role in air superiority, in this case do not equip bombs, or make sure you have dropped them before you devote yourself to air superiority. In this area it is recommended to arm the Ro.57 with the Tracer or Air Targets belt for the 12.7 mm and the Universal belt for the 20 mm. The Quadriarma strongly suits the energy fighter style of play, even if it doesn't look like it, once enough energy and the right position are acquired, it turns into an excellent fighter.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Lethal nose-mounted armament
* Can fly on a single-engine
* Above-average durability
* Decent speed and climb for a twin-engine aircraft of its rank
* Agile for a twin-engine aircraft
* Versatile payloads for many situations
* Relatively short take-off run
* Equipped with airbrakes, allowing for dive-bombing and easy landings

'''Cons:'''

* Limited ammunition for the cannons
* Low muzzle velocity on the Breda-SAFAT machine guns
* No armour
* Engine prone to overheating with at high power
* Bomb trapeze creates a delay between pressing the release button and the bomb actually dropping
* Carrying any payload reduces the excellent handling

== History ==

The IMAM Ro.57 was designed and developed by Giovanni Galasso, an aeronautical engineer, and was built by IMAM (Industrie Meccaniche Aeronautiche Meridionali).

The first prototype flew in 1939 and the IMAM technicians proposed the Ro.57 to the Regia Aeronautica as a dive bomber, but in 1939 the Regia Aeronautica was not interested.

At the demonstration, the armament was composed by only two 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT. It had 2 powerful Fiat A.74 R.C.38 engines with 840 HP each and the plane had a maximum speed of 501 km/h at 5,250 metres of altitude.

After 2 years, during 1941, after the failure of [[Breda 88 (P.XI)|Breda Ba.88]] as an attacker, the Regia Aeronautica decided to return to the Ro.57 project and make it a complete attacker. 2 variants were created.

[[File:Ro.57 Quadriarma during tests.png|thumb|Ro.57 Quadriarma during tests]]
In addition to the ventral attachment for a 500 kg bomb, two wing pylons were added for bombs up to 250 kg, a ventral window (necessary for targeting), and aerodynamic dive brakes.

The plane got new armament with the addition of two [[Hispano 404 (20 mm)|20 mm Hispano 404]] plus the two [[Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT]] already in the previous tests and prototypes.

This variant is obscure because the Hispano 404 cannons were only used briefly for testing.

When all was said and done, the aircraft was renamed IMAM Ro.57 Bis. The aerodynamic obstruction of the rafters, the ventral window, the aerodynamic brakes and the tailwheel brought the maximum speed down to 480 km/h. Worse still, due to strange aerodynamic interference, the oil cooler of the right engine provided insufficient cooling, causing a tendency for the engine to overheat at maximum revs, and the aircraft was unstable when diving, thus compromising the accuracy of the dive bombing.

[[File:Ro.57 Quadriarma during training.png|thumb|Ro.57 during training]]
In spite of these defects, the Regia Aeronautica's shortcomings in the field of assault aircraft led, at the end of 1942, to an order for 200 units of the Ro.57 Bis, later reduced to 110. Of these, according to the registration numbers, 75 were built before September 8, 1943, and between 50 and 60 were actually delivered to the Regia Aeronautica (which assigned them to the 97º Gruppo Tuffatori, 226ª and 227ª squadriglia). The aircraft had no importance in the war, as the pilots were not able to finish their training on the new machines before most of the aircraft were destroyed on the ground on July 13, 1943 due to a bombing raid conducted by B-24s on the airfield of Crotone Isola Rizzuto (now Crotone Airport), intended to annihilate the Reggiane Re.2002 of the 5°Stormo and Fiat G.50 of the 50°Stormo that had repeatedly hit the Allied ships engaged in the landing in Sicily.

The subsequent prototype of the IMAM Ro.58 two-seater heavy fighter was derived from the design of the IMAM Ro.57.

=== [[wt:en/news/6998-development-ro-57-quadriarma-en|Devblog]] ===
Just before the outbreak of World War II, the Italian Regia Aeronautica placed an order for a heavy fighter for escorting bombers and long air patrols. The IMAM-based design group proposed a twin-engined aircraft with a pair of FIAT A.74RC.38 engines, armed with two heavy machine guns. Soon the aircraft was modified - the armament was reinforced with two 20mm cannons, an air brake was installed, and bomb armament added.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=italy&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=assault&vehicle=ro_57_quadriarma Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Ro.57 Quadriarma Devblog Images" heights="150">
File:Ro.57 WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:Ro.57 WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:Ro.57 WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:Ro.57 WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|0d_OIZP_r50|'''Starting Christmas in Style! Ro.57 Quadriarma! - Italy - Review!''' - ''Jengar''|x84vOICk-Z8|'''Ro.57 Quadriarma - Operation W.I.N.T.E.R. Reward''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6998-development-ro-57-quadriarma-en|[Devblog] Ro.57 Quadriarma]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/510403-ro-57/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer IMAM}}
{{Italy strike aircraft}}
{{Italy premium aircraft}}
{{Winter Event}}

Hurricane Mk.I/L FAA M

2022-09-25T12:13:51Z

U111069508: /* Counter-tactics */ added variant to the MiG-3

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Hurricane (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=hurricane_mk1_late_ep
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Hurricane_Mk.I-L_FAA_M.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Raining Fire"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/6866-special-80-year-anniversary-of-battle-of-britain-en|2020 "80th Anniversary of the Battle of Britain"]] event.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The Hurricane Mk.I/L FAA M is a bit more sluggish in movement and turning than its brethren the [[Spitfire (Family)]] but is not an plane to take lightly because its not as agile as the [[Spitfire (Family)]] it's still a very manoeuvrable plane and a good dogfighter, having a top speed of 550km/h makes it not the fastest fighter of its BR, but combined with its manoeuvrability makes it a plane to be wary of when facing it in combat. Its manoeuvrability and Speed is not the greatest, it can feel a bit sluggish at low speed and can lock up quite easily at high speed, but when it's at an average speed it can perform very well for a plane, it can hold its own against enemies. Its Strength is that it can get up to a decently speed and it can turn very well compared to other some of the other nations fighters.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,962 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 502 || 487 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 15.9 || 16.4 || 7.4 || 7.4 || rowspan="2" | 350
|-
! Upgraded
| 550 || 525 || 14.7 || 15.0 || 16.0 || 10.9
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 268 || 246 || 202 || ~12 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 370 || < 250 || < 380 || > 410
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


*6.35 mm Steel - Armour plate in front of the control panel
*12.7 mm Steel - Armour plate behind pilot seat/headrest
*38 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 8 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (350 rpg = 2,800 total)

== Usage in battles ==

The strong, sturdy wings on the Hurricane make for an excellent gun platform for pilots. So whilst it may lack the punch of cannons or heavier machine guns, you will find the Hurricane's agility and ability to put accurate fire on targets to be in your favour. The standard "Hawker" style wide track landing gear present on most, if not all of their monoplane fighters is, of course, found on the Hurricane Mk I/L FAA M as well, making this aircraft much more appealing to newer players when landing due to its stability.

In combat the Hurricane Mk I/L FAA M allows pilots to engage almost any aircraft comfortably. Many of the fighters you will face do not have the agility to outmanoeuvre the Hurricane, which will only be surpassed by any biplanes or Japanese fighters you may face. Lone fighter-bombers, attackers, heavy fighters and bombers should also present little threat to the Hurricane as its 8 machine guns provide a dense spread of fire at a fast rate, whilst the rigidity and durability of the airframe will cope with the return fire of the opposing aircrafts' gunners.

The Hurricane Mk.I have eight .303 calibre machine guns, four in each wing. However, unlike the [[Spitfire Mk Ia|Spitfire]], the Hurricane's guns are all in a single group, so it provides a better firing platform than the Spitfire by allowing its firepower to be concentrated.

The rate of fire and the subsequent lack of ammo are an important issue to keep in mind. It is easy to deplete the entire ammo with a long burst. ''Trigger discipline'' is the key here! Furthermore, the Hurricane's heavy weight, due to its old-fashioned tube chassis (unlike the more modern Spitfire with its nutshell chassis design), results in good vertical energy retention, allowing the plane to perform Boom & Zoom manoeuvres with great success. Utilise them as the standard form of fighting in both modes, as unlike in Arcade, regaining energy and speed after a turn fight takes rather long, leaving you vulnerable to fighters who didn't join the conflict earlier.

====Counter-tactics====

Countering the Hurricane almost completely depends on what kind of plane you are flying. If you see a Hurricane there are three things to remember: It is extremely good at turning, very durable and it has 8 machine guns, which despite their small calibre are extremely deadly. It will be able to place you in its crosshairs very quickly and saturate you with rounds. The Hurricane Mk I/L FAA M is not without its weaknesses, however. It isn't particularly fast, doesn't dive very well and performs poorly at high altitude.

When countering the Hurricane, you must take these strengths and weaknesses into account and also your own. If your plane is faster than the Hurricane but does not turn as well, you should boom and zoom, diving on the Hurricane from altitude and strafing it as you speed by. In a successful attempt, you will destroy the Hurricane in one pass. However, if you miss or only cause minor damage you may need to make another pass. In no situation should you try to turn fight the Hurricane at this stage. You will bleed energy and it will easily out turn and destroy you. Instead, you should use the speed gained in the dive to climb away, leaving the Hurricane behind. When you have achieved an appropriate altitude and speed you can then turn back and make another pass. This kind of manoeuvre takes patience but is worth it when it comes to fighting the Hurricane. Impatience will only get you out-paced by the Hurricane and shot down. If you want to have a higher success rate with boom and zoom tactics, it is good to choose a well-armed plane. Something with cannons or high calibre machine guns should suffice. Planes like the [[Bf 109 E-3|Bf 109]], [[MiG-3-34|MiG-3-34]], [[LaGG-3-8]], [[P-36G]] and even attackers like the [[IL-2 (1941)|IL-2]] are effective at boom and zoom tactics on the Hurricane.

Some planes can also turn fight the Hurricane. Most biplanes should have equal or better turning capabilities than the Hurricane. An inexperienced/impatient Hurricane pilot may try to out turn a biplane, usually resulting in disaster. However, biplanes are slower. They will often find experienced Hurricane pilots performing tactics like the above-mentioned boom and zoom where the Hurricane can use its higher speed to climb away after a pass. There are also some monoplanes that can out turn a Hurricane. The [[I-16 (Family)|I-16]] will definitely challenge the Hurricane and so will the Japanese [[Ki-27 otsu]] and [[A5M4]]. However, similar to biplanes, they are slow and in the case of the Japanese very poorly armed.
=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Exceptional manoeuvrability, on par with biplanes
* Very high number of guns
* Plenty of ammo
* Takes off very quickly
* Perfect for dog fighting
* Quite good at Boom & Zoom once altitude is achieved
* Half of Tracers belt is AP-I ammunition
* Premium bonuses
* Excellent over-the-nose visibility ensures easy tracking and leading in cockpit view
* Is a stable gun platform with very smooth handling with simulator controls

'''Cons:'''

* Slower than most planes in its rank (especially at higher altitudes)
* Still only .303 (7.7 mm) MGs
* Dives do not accelerate the plane quickly
* Does not have a particularly good roll rate
* Machine guns can run out of ammo quickly without trigger discipline (critical for realistic and simulator battles)

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=hurricane_mk1_late_ep Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Hawker}}
{{Britain fighters}}
{{Britain premium aircraft}}

Kugelblitz

2022-09-25T11:54:43Z

U111069508: /* Pros and cons */ corrected fraction

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_flakpanzer_IV_Kugelblitz
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German self-propelled anti-aircraft (SPAA) vehicle {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.43]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

[[File:Kugel-xray.png|thumb|The X-Ray view of the Kugelblitz in the hangar, the 5 crew members locations inside the vehicle are visible, giving a visual understanding of the vehicle's survivability.]]
'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 80 mm || 30 mm || 20 mm || 10 mm
|-
| Turret || 30 mm ''Turret housing'' 20 mm ''Turret ball'' || 30 mm ''Turret housing'' 20 mm ''Turret ball'' || 30 mm ''Turret housing'' 20 mm ''Turret ball'' || 20 mm
|}

The Kugelblitz has high armour values compared to most SPAA, but the armour will not protect it against the main calibre guns of tanks at the battle rating. The survivability is quite good, the crew is well spaced and numerous, and the ammunition is unlikely to detonate. The Kugelblitz has excellent protection against strafing runs from enemy aircraft, although some aircraft cannons may penetrate the 10 mm hull armour and cause an engine fire.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=426|rbMinHp=265}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The Kugelblitz has a comparatively low gun traverse speed when not upgraded, so the Horizontal Drive and Elevation Mechanism modules are quite important. Another very useful modification is the M.Gr. ammo belt, which almost completely composed of high-explosive shells and helps to increase damage dealt to enemy aircraft. The two Pz.Gr. modules allow the vehicle to better engage enemy ground forces. These belts contain more high-penetration rounds than high-explosive ones, and increase the vehicle's effectiveness against armoured targets. Still, they will not be able to penetrate most tanks frontally at this tier, and are better suited for engaging lightly-armoured vehicles.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|MK103/38 (30 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[MK103/38 (30 mm)|30 mm MK103/38]] (x2) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 1,200 (100) || rowspan="2" | 450 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+80° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 52.8 || 73.1 || 88.8 || 98.2 || 104.5 || rowspan="2" | 13.00 || rowspan="2" | 11.50 || rowspan="2" | 10.60 || rowspan="2" | 10.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 35.7 || 42.0 || 51.0 || 56.4 || 60.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}
* '''M.Gr.:''' {{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}
* '''Pz.Gr.:''' {{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}
* '''Pz.Gr. H:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || 58 || 55 || 47 || 38 || 30 || 24
|-
| M.Gr. || 58 || 55 || 47 || 38 || 30 || 24
|-
| Pz.Gr. || 58 || 55 || 47 || 38 || 30 || 24
|-
| Pz.Gr. H || 77 || 74 || 61 || 47 || 37 || 29
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''12''' || 6 ''(+6)'' || 0 ''(+12)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Note''':

* Ammunition is modeled as 12 magazines of 100 rounds.

== Usage in battles ==


'''Overview:'''

The Kugelblitz is a dedicated AA, however the guns do have decent penetration and the Kugelblitz has some armour and survivability, so targeting enemy ground vehicles is a possibility. However, air targets should still be the main focus of the Kugelblitz. Due to the survivability and firepower, the Kugelblitz is best placed near the frontlines in case it needs to support a teammate against an enemy ground vehicle, but it should not be directly in view of enemy tanks.

'''Tips:'''

The Kugelblitz is best used as a second or third spawn, because aircraft will not spawn at the beginning of the match. Do not engage aircraft too early, as you will only expose yourself. Begin firing at no more than 1-1.5 km range for the best effect. Always watch out for multiple aircraft, as one may hit you with bombs or rockets while you are distracted. The fast firing 30 mm guns are extremely potent, and will quickly dispatch most air targets after a few hits, even against heavy fighters and bombers. It is a good idea to learn the weak spots of enemy ground vehicles you will commonly face near the Kugelblitz's BR, as knowing these will allow the Kugelblitz to deal maximum damage.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High rate of fire for a 30 mm cannon
* Fast turret rotation speed
* Very good at taking out other SPAA or lightly-armoured vehicles
* Average movement speed
* Is closed-top unlike other open-top SPAAs, protecting it from lots of strafing that could otherwise be fatal
* HVAP round can penetrate 77 mm, improving efficacy against other tanks

'''Cons:'''

* Although having thick armour for an SPAA, it's still only a Panzer IV hull and not enough to stop any kind of tank shell at its rank, or even fire from other SPAA vehicles.
* Long reload time
* HVAP belt is 2/3 HE rounds, reducing effectiveness

== History ==


===Design===
In 1943, the Luftwaffe lost the control of the sky on the Eastern front. This made German armoured divisions become the target of enemy attackers and fighter-bombers. The German Army already had plenty of SPAA vehicles developed as interim solution at its disposal to protect ground forces. But these vehicles suffered from major weaknesses: they were almost all very lightly armoured and open-top, exposing the crew to enemy fire, they had very tall silhouettes as they were improvised vehicles and they relied on a 20 mm calibre that starts being to ineffective at taking down enemy aircraft. The need for an enclosed crew compartment and a superior calibre were core requirements of the design.

===Development===
The development of the Kugelblitz relies on a previous project, a spherical Flak turret, designed to provide German submarines with adequate anti-aircraft defence capability. The oblate turret featured twin 30 mm cannons and was originally developed in early 1944 by the firm Alkett also responsible for the construction of SPAA vehicles. The turret was however never adopted by the German navy. This led the engineers of the firm to reuse the same type of design it for the needs of the new SPAA project.
Development started of the Kugelblitz in late 1944. The chassis chosen to integrate the turret remained a Panzer IV. The main difference was that a Tiger I turret ring was fitted on the Pz.IV to accommodate the large turret. Five prototypes were built but never tested. Mass production was even planned but never happened due to the intense Allied bombings of German factories from 1944 to 1945.

===Combat usage===
The Kugelblitz was never approved for service, as its development was not yet completed when the war ended in Europe. Several prototypes briefly saw combat during the Battle of Berlin or in engagements throughout Germany.

=== In-game description ===
A continuation of the line of German AA vehicles based on the Pz.IV tank. It was the first AA vehicle to have a fully enclosed turret. Only two were ever built, and they may not have been used in combat. Both of the AA vehicles that were released ended up in the anti-air artillery training battalion stationed at the Ohrdruf training ground in Thuringia.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_flakpanzer_IV_Kugelblitz Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|naeDoEwZ5Pg|'''German SPAAs''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:32 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|PosWOnOGkSo|'''Best experimental vehicles''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 7:28 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|fqMpS7ACKvM|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|HGEXluz5nFA|'''A Successful Dead End? - Kugelblitz''' - ''Military History Visualized''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[Flakpanzer IV]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Flakpanzer 341]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/639|[Devblog] Flakpanzerkampfwagen IV "Kugelblitz"]]
* [[wikipedia:Kugelblitz|[Wikipedia] Kugelblitz]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2-germany-leichte-flakpanzer-iv-3-cm-kugelblitz/ <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Leichte Flakpanzer IV 3 cm "Kugelblitz"]

{{Germany anti-aircraft vehicles}}

Kugelblitz

2022-09-25T11:53:38Z

U111069508: /* Pros and cons */ elaborated on HVAP belt composition

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_flakpanzer_IV_Kugelblitz
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German self-propelled anti-aircraft (SPAA) vehicle {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.43]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

[[File:Kugel-xray.png|thumb|The X-Ray view of the Kugelblitz in the hangar, the 5 crew members locations inside the vehicle are visible, giving a visual understanding of the vehicle's survivability.]]
'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 80 mm || 30 mm || 20 mm || 10 mm
|-
| Turret || 30 mm ''Turret housing'' 20 mm ''Turret ball'' || 30 mm ''Turret housing'' 20 mm ''Turret ball'' || 30 mm ''Turret housing'' 20 mm ''Turret ball'' || 20 mm
|}

The Kugelblitz has high armour values compared to most SPAA, but the armour will not protect it against the main calibre guns of tanks at the battle rating. The survivability is quite good, the crew is well spaced and numerous, and the ammunition is unlikely to detonate. The Kugelblitz has excellent protection against strafing runs from enemy aircraft, although some aircraft cannons may penetrate the 10 mm hull armour and cause an engine fire.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=426|rbMinHp=265}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The Kugelblitz has a comparatively low gun traverse speed when not upgraded, so the Horizontal Drive and Elevation Mechanism modules are quite important. Another very useful modification is the M.Gr. ammo belt, which almost completely composed of high-explosive shells and helps to increase damage dealt to enemy aircraft. The two Pz.Gr. modules allow the vehicle to better engage enemy ground forces. These belts contain more high-penetration rounds than high-explosive ones, and increase the vehicle's effectiveness against armoured targets. Still, they will not be able to penetrate most tanks frontally at this tier, and are better suited for engaging lightly-armoured vehicles.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|MK103/38 (30 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[MK103/38 (30 mm)|30 mm MK103/38]] (x2) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 1,200 (100) || rowspan="2" | 450 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+80° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 52.8 || 73.1 || 88.8 || 98.2 || 104.5 || rowspan="2" | 13.00 || rowspan="2" | 11.50 || rowspan="2" | 10.60 || rowspan="2" | 10.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 35.7 || 42.0 || 51.0 || 56.4 || 60.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}
* '''M.Gr.:''' {{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}
* '''Pz.Gr.:''' {{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}
* '''Pz.Gr. H:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || 58 || 55 || 47 || 38 || 30 || 24
|-
| M.Gr. || 58 || 55 || 47 || 38 || 30 || 24
|-
| Pz.Gr. || 58 || 55 || 47 || 38 || 30 || 24
|-
| Pz.Gr. H || 77 || 74 || 61 || 47 || 37 || 29
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''12''' || 6 ''(+6)'' || 0 ''(+12)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Note''':

* Ammunition is modeled as 12 magazines of 100 rounds.

== Usage in battles ==


'''Overview:'''

The Kugelblitz is a dedicated AA, however the guns do have decent penetration and the Kugelblitz has some armour and survivability, so targeting enemy ground vehicles is a possibility. However, air targets should still be the main focus of the Kugelblitz. Due to the survivability and firepower, the Kugelblitz is best placed near the frontlines in case it needs to support a teammate against an enemy ground vehicle, but it should not be directly in view of enemy tanks.

'''Tips:'''

The Kugelblitz is best used as a second or third spawn, because aircraft will not spawn at the beginning of the match. Do not engage aircraft too early, as you will only expose yourself. Begin firing at no more than 1-1.5 km range for the best effect. Always watch out for multiple aircraft, as one may hit you with bombs or rockets while you are distracted. The fast firing 30 mm guns are extremely potent, and will quickly dispatch most air targets after a few hits, even against heavy fighters and bombers. It is a good idea to learn the weak spots of enemy ground vehicles you will commonly face near the Kugelblitz's BR, as knowing these will allow the Kugelblitz to deal maximum damage.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High rate of fire for a 30 mm cannon
* Fast turret rotation speed
* Very good at taking out other SPAA or lightly-armoured vehicles
* Average movement speed
* Is closed-top unlike other open-top SPAAs, protecting it from lots of strafing that could otherwise be fatal
* HVAP round can penetrate 77 mm, improving efficacy against other tanks

'''Cons:'''

* Although having thick armour for an SPAA, it's still only a Panzer IV hull and not enough to stop any kind of tank shell at its rank, or even fire from other SPAA vehicles.
* Long reload time
* HVAP belt is 3/4 HE rounds, reducing effectiveness

== History ==


===Design===
In 1943, the Luftwaffe lost the control of the sky on the Eastern front. This made German armoured divisions become the target of enemy attackers and fighter-bombers. The German Army already had plenty of SPAA vehicles developed as interim solution at its disposal to protect ground forces. But these vehicles suffered from major weaknesses: they were almost all very lightly armoured and open-top, exposing the crew to enemy fire, they had very tall silhouettes as they were improvised vehicles and they relied on a 20 mm calibre that starts being to ineffective at taking down enemy aircraft. The need for an enclosed crew compartment and a superior calibre were core requirements of the design.

===Development===
The development of the Kugelblitz relies on a previous project, a spherical Flak turret, designed to provide German submarines with adequate anti-aircraft defence capability. The oblate turret featured twin 30 mm cannons and was originally developed in early 1944 by the firm Alkett also responsible for the construction of SPAA vehicles. The turret was however never adopted by the German navy. This led the engineers of the firm to reuse the same type of design it for the needs of the new SPAA project.
Development started of the Kugelblitz in late 1944. The chassis chosen to integrate the turret remained a Panzer IV. The main difference was that a Tiger I turret ring was fitted on the Pz.IV to accommodate the large turret. Five prototypes were built but never tested. Mass production was even planned but never happened due to the intense Allied bombings of German factories from 1944 to 1945.

===Combat usage===
The Kugelblitz was never approved for service, as its development was not yet completed when the war ended in Europe. Several prototypes briefly saw combat during the Battle of Berlin or in engagements throughout Germany.

=== In-game description ===
A continuation of the line of German AA vehicles based on the Pz.IV tank. It was the first AA vehicle to have a fully enclosed turret. Only two were ever built, and they may not have been used in combat. Both of the AA vehicles that were released ended up in the anti-air artillery training battalion stationed at the Ohrdruf training ground in Thuringia.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_flakpanzer_IV_Kugelblitz Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|naeDoEwZ5Pg|'''German SPAAs''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:32 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|PosWOnOGkSo|'''Best experimental vehicles''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 7:28 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|fqMpS7ACKvM|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|HGEXluz5nFA|'''A Successful Dead End? - Kugelblitz''' - ''Military History Visualized''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[Flakpanzer IV]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Flakpanzer 341]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/639|[Devblog] Flakpanzerkampfwagen IV "Kugelblitz"]]
* [[wikipedia:Kugelblitz|[Wikipedia] Kugelblitz]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2-germany-leichte-flakpanzer-iv-3-cm-kugelblitz/ <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Leichte Flakpanzer IV 3 cm "Kugelblitz"]

{{Germany anti-aircraft vehicles}}

Firecrest

2022-09-25T11:39:35Z

U111069508: /* Suspended armament */ added hyperlinks

{{Specs-Card
|code=b_48_firecrest
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_b_48_firecrest.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a squadron rank {{Specs|rank}} British strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.89 "Imperial Navy"]] as one of the first Squadron vehicles. It represents the attempt to develop an improved naval aircraft from the troubled [[Firebrand TF Mk IV|Blackburn Firebrand]].

In reality only 3 prototypes were ever made, since the arrival of improved technologies such as the jet engine halted any major development of war birds with piston engines after the Second World War.

However, in-game, everyone's got a chance with the Firecrest. It could be considered as a hybrid between the Firebrand and a [[F4U (Family)|F4U Corsair]], due to its gull shaped wings, durability, powerful engine and beautiful sleek appearance! Howbeit, it has other traits that make this plane well suited for the naval environment of War Thunder.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


Once upgraded and spaded, the Firecrest is able to go anywhere it must go. Climbing to the sky or speeding steadily to a target. It all can be achieved.

The Bristol Centaurus 59 engine producing 2,475 hp is able to accelerate pretty quickly, something needed for sea and carrier landing and takeoff operations. This allows the plane to climb consistently to 6 km of altitude where the max speed can also be achieved while conserving all the manoeuvrability due to the supercharger and a great roll rate.

If necessary it can dive very fast and possesses air brakes for handling such speeds with ease. It does not turn that well horizontally but the skilled control of combat flaps and the airbrakes can prove adequate in several instances.

It's recommended to engage planes without carrying ordnance to maximize the flight performance, particularly the torpedo load.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,791 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 587 || 568 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.1 || 25.0 || 15.4 || 15.4 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 636 || 608 || 21.9 || 23.0 || 23.6 || 19.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 430 || 404 || 272 || ~10 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 460 || < 450 || < 450 || > 330
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The pilots should note that no armour protection is present, this will limit the ability to tolerate heavy fire since any armour-piercing bullet is capable of going through the entire plane. The strongest and yet the more vulnerable part of the plane is the engine. No head-on engagements or attacking bombers are advised since the radial engine with the pilot can be easily taken out.

Separately, the fuselage is quite resilient and sleek. This can often ricochet fire that would otherwise hit the spars and inflict greater damage. The only thing protecting the pilot from behind aside from the fuselage is a fuel tank.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Pilots should focus on improving most of the flight performance first then the payloads, since this plane won't perform like it should when stock. Rockets, bombs and torpedoes should be secondary.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M3 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)

Here's the main difficulty of the Firecrest: its offensive armament.

The M3 Browning machine guns are amazing for quick and precise attack. They will inflict severe damage or ignite the enemy plane, mainly because of the rapid fire of the 2 machine guns. What pilots should be constantly alert about, is the ammo counter, since these machine guns will deplete all the ammo very quickly.

Fixing a convergence up to the preference of attack and having the right ammo belt is necessary, as the low ammo input does not allow for long bursts or consecutive leading shots. It's also relevant to ''note that such machine guns are generally only available on American jets'' such as the '''[[F-86A-5|Sabres]]''' and '''[[F-84 (Family)|Thunderjets]]''', thus making the Firecrest one of the few piston planes with such machine guns!

'''Most notable/useful ammo belts'''

* '''Tracers''': These bullets are completely visible, they will help to adapt with the ballistics of this unique machine gun for the British. They will start a lot of fires thanks to all the bullets being API-T (Armour-piercing incendiary tracer) with a good 23 mm of armour penetration.
* '''Default''': This ammo belt offers 2 types of incendiary ammunition, while it also carries full solid AP bullets. This increases the penetration damage for spars, armour plates or engines while also being able to make the rival plane burn.
* '''Ground targets''': This belt is not commended for anything heavier than light tanks or fully enclosed vehicles, as only a section of it carries full AP bullets. This performs as an all-purpose belt due to the large diversity of bullets that conform it. Great if required to engage all kinds of targets, ceding less ammo count of a specific type.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|RP-3|18 inch Mark XV (450 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 1 x 450 mm (18 inch) Mark XV torpedo
* 8 x RP-3 rockets

'''[[RP-3|RP-3 rockets]]''': These are exceptional for many objectives. They have good armour penetration, moderate velocity and satisfactory amount of explosive mass when matched to contemporaries as US's [[HVAR]] or the Soviet's [[RBS-132]].

Appropriate for most tanks excluding some heavy tanks like the Soviet KV series or the German captured variant, the KV I C 756 with a very tough turret of 105 mm. Targeting at the top of these tanks is suggested. Naval objectives such as patrol boats can be annihilated in one single shot; a real spectacle. Destroyers or anything heavier could withstand more damage, but their modules and crew will be decimated by these rockets.

'''[[G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|500 lb G.P Bombs]]''': They involve some skills at the moment of delivery since the lethal range for armoured targets is only of 4 m. For naval targets the lethal range is less of a drawback but the actual obstacle is dropping such bombs over AA covered ships. Pilots should note that these bombs might not consistently be enough to sink destroyers or anything bigger.

'''[[18 inch Mark XV (450 mm)|Mark XV torpedo]]''': It's when everything else doesn't seem enough that the torpedo joins into action. This ultimate ship destroyer is very capable and usually one sole hit is enough. What is more important, is the way to deliver the torpedo without sacrificing the plane.

== Usage in battles ==


The Firecrest is an experimental torpedo bomber with average capacities. It has low anti-air effectiveness in Air Arcade battles due to rather clumsy manoeuvring and no armour protection. A good pilot is needed to fully exploit the handy machine guns this plane is armed with. It has a place in Ground Realistic Battles, thanks to its payload capacities and the extremely powerful 8 x RP-3 rockets. However its best place is in Naval Battles, where is possible to engage more freely in wider spaces and make use of the full ordnance capacities (once the Mark XV torpedo is unlocked for use). Due to the lacklustre firepower when stock, one of the recommended ways to gain the necessary research points for unlocking modules is to simply attack AI targets like artillery and trucks, then tanks as the 500 lb bombs are unlocked prior to the torpedoes.

'''Naval Battles'''

Once the torpedoes are unlocked, the Firecrest performs similarly to other torpedo bombers of the rank. One of the outstanding traits is in its high survivability that can help in destroying one target if the tactics are played to the plane's strength (the good roll is perfect for low altitude flying). Aim towards destroyers or cruisers as they are larger targets that are easier to hit and prioritize the vessels that are threatening allies on the seas. However, try to ensure that the enemy ship is occupied with attacking surface targets so that their anti-air armament is not focused on the Firecrest to allow for some breathing room to position for an attack run.

'''Encounter mode''' proves to be one of the best for this plane. Here will be possible to infiltrate by the sides at low-level flight behind the enemies to the cargo ships, and release a torpedo from a safe distance. Always keeping in mind the torpedo drop requirements and the target. Is possible to risk a bit more if equipping bombs, but a tactic that might also work is to skip the bombs to the cargo ship swiftly retreating in the same direction, in a tactic that is known as ''Skip bombing''.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

The main aspects of using MEC with this aircraft are the Supercharger and Radiators, since this will increase drastically the climb and high altitude performance as well as the dive speed and energy retention.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High rate of fire of M3 Browning provides rapid damage output
* Good top speed overall with decent acceleration; excellent high speed control
* Respectably durable airframe
* Has RP-3s and bombs against ground targets
* Good all altitude performance thanks to supercharger
* Has airbrakes (can be used as a dive bomber)
* Excellent roll rate
* Above average stock performance
* [[18 inch Mark XV (450 mm)|Mark XV]] torpedo is effective against ships; RP-3 lethal versus small PT-boats
* Attacker spawn in Air RB

'''Cons:'''

* Bleeds speed easily and not very manoeuvrable, especially at low speeds
* Only 300 rounds per machine gun; trigger discipline is needed for the pair of machine guns
* Limited payload options compared to Firebrand and contemporary naval planes of the Fleet Air Arm
* Large engine with no armour plates; not recommended to engage bombers
* No armour anywhere; even just a few .50 cal rounds can seriously damage vital components
* Large target, most dedicated fighters will run circles around the plane

== History ==


The Blackburn Firecrest was a British Torpedo Strike Fighter, derived from the earlier [[Firebrand TF Mk IV|Blackburn Firebrand]] but designed from the outset as a torpedo strike fighter. Designed to the S.28/43 specification set by the Admiralty on February 26th 1943 for a 'Firebrand Torpedo Fighter with improved wing and improved pilot view', the Firecrest was designed with a number of issues of the Firebrand in mind. Specifically, effort was done to produce a type which had improved forward visibility to facilitate deck landings, and which had better lateral control at landing speeds. The design specification also called for the Firecrest to be powered by a Bristol Centaurus 77 engine powering a contra-rotating propeller.

Early on during its design, the Admiralty also ordered three prototypes which would have been driven by the Napier E.122 24-cylinder H-block engine, a 3500 hp development of the Napier Sabre used on the original Firebrand. However, it was soon found that in order to maintain an acceptable center of gravity, the heavy Napier engine would have to be installed behind the cockpit, which would require an extensive redesign and add considerable weight to the aircraft. As a result, the Napier E.122 powered variant was cancelled in October of 1945 before metal was cut on any of their prototypes. Just before completion of the design, the Centaurus 77 variant with its contra-rotating propeller was cancelled in January of 1946, and it was replaced by a 2,825 hp Centaurus 57 with a conventional five-bladed propeller. The first of three completed prototypes of the Firecrest flew on April 1st 1947.

The Firecrest differed from the Firebrand in having a cockpit that was set higher and more forward than that of the Firebrand, which combined with a shortened nose did improve the forward visibility during deck landing. A redesigned inverted gull wing conceptually not unlike that of the Vought Corsair did much to improve the type's low speed handling and take off characteristics: even at full weight, take-off was possible in just under 430 ft with a 29 mph headwind; its landing run was an impressive 390 ft with a 5 mph headwind. With its conventional five-bladed propeller, the Firecrest's top speed lay at 380 mph, some 38 mph faster than the Firebrand despite weighing slightly more. Unlike the Firebrand which used hand-folded wings, the Firecrest had power-assisted folding wings with a double fold.

However, it soon became apparent that the Firecrest was even more sluggish in handling than the Firebrand, that the design in itself did not give any distinct advantages over the Firebrand or the newly developed [[Wyvern_S4|Westland Wyvern]], and that it was less versatile than types such as the [[Firefly_FR_Mk_V|Fairey Firefly]] or [[Sea_Fury_FB_11|Hawker Sea Fury]]. As a result, all development work on the Firecrest ceased in September of 1947, with the second prototype only being used for structural testing, and the third prototype used to test the power-boosted ailerons which were eventually fitted to the Firebrand TF.5A. All three prototypes were bought back by Blackburn in 1950, and scrapped in 1952.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=b_48_firecrest Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|qoZv-sA80aI|'''Squadron Vehicles''' discusses the Firecrest at 02:10 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


'''Related Development:'''

* [[Firebrand TF Mk IV]]

'''Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era:'''

* [[F4U (Family)|F4U Corsair (Family)]]
* [[Firefly FR Mk V]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/457979-b48-firecrest/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[wikipedia:Blackburn_Firecrest|[Wikipedia] Blackburn Firecrest]]
* [https://www.baesystems.com/en/heritage/blackburn-b-48-firecrest <nowiki>[BAE Systems]</nowiki> Blackburn B-48 Firecrest]

{{AirManufacturer Blackburn}}
{{Britain strike aircraft}}
{{Squadron aircraft}}

M4 (37 mm)

2022-09-13T17:57:06Z

U111069508: /* Description */ added short sentence about the naval version.

{{About
| about = aircraft cannon '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the tank armament
| link-1 = M4 (105 mm)
| usage-2 = other uses
| link-2 = M4 (Disambiguation)
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (officially the '''37 mm Automatic Gun, M4''') is an American autocannon firing 37x145mmR cartridges. It is predominantly seen on the [[P-39 (Family)|P-39 ''Airacobra'']] series of fighters, and on the early [[P-63 (Family)|P-63 ''Kingcobra'']] fighters as well (namely the {{Specs-Link|p-63a-5|short}} and {{Specs-Link|p-63a-5_ussr|short}} in-game). There were also versoins modified for use on PT boats in the form of the [[AN-M4 (37 mm)|AN-M4]].

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


'''American:'''

* {{Specs-Link|p-39n}}
* {{Specs-Link|p-39q_5}}
* {{Specs-Link|p-63a-5}}
* {{Specs-Link|yp-38}}

'''Soviet:'''

* {{Specs-Link|p-39k_1}}
* {{Specs-Link|p-39n_su}}
* {{Specs-Link|p-39q_15}}
* {{Specs-Link|p-63a-5_ussr}}

'''French:'''

* {{Specs-Link|p-39q_25_france}}

== General info ==

The 37 mm autocannon on the P-39 and P-63 has the ability to delete most fighters if a 37 mm HE shells hit. However, the 37 mm suffer from poor trajectory and a relatively low rate of fire compared to other large calibre autocannons.

A specific note for the 37 mm belts in-game is that the Soviet P-39 and P-63 fighters do not have any belt options available. This is due to the historical note that the US did not supply any armour-piercing 37 mm rounds to the Soviets, as they did not consider the P-39 and P-63 for tank-busting duties.

=== Available ammunition ===


* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''Air targets:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''Ground targets:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || 37 || 35 || 30 || 24 || 19 || 15
|-
| Air targets || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3
|-
| Universal || 37 || 35 || 30 || 24 || 19 || 15
|-
| Ground targets || 37 || 35 || 30 || 24 || 19 || 15
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Belt details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Air targets || HEFI-T* || 792 || 0.68 || 0.05 || 0 || 65.83 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| Ground targets || AP-T || 556 || 0.75 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 30 rounds loaded, can last an entire round with good trigger discipline.
* One hit will usually either directly destroy a single engine fighter or damage it enough to prompt the pilot to return to base
* Particularly good in a close range snapshot situation, quickly ending a dogfight

'''Cons:'''

* Very slow muzzle velocity, requiring a lot of lead to score a hit in a dogfight
* Self destroying HE shells, which limits the range at which they can be used.
* Absolutely useless AP shells, which struggles even with light tanks.
* Very slow rate of fire
* Inaccurate, NEVER count on it during a head on fight

== History ==

The 37 mm autocannon had its root in 1921, designed by famed American firearms designer John M. Browning. Browning and Colt refined the design and was tested as the 37 mm T9 autocannon. It was accepted as the '''37 mm Automatic Gun, M4''', intended for a anti-aircraft weapon for intercepting and shooting down large aircraft.

The 37 mm cannon were mounted onto the P-39 and P-63 series of fighters, but proved unpopular with the pilots. The trajectory drooped harshly over distance and in night time operations, the muzzle flash could blind the pilot.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [http://p63kingcobra.com/m4_37mm_auto_cannon.html P-63 Kingcobra - Browning M4 37mm Auto Cannon Gun]
* [http://www.aviation-history.com/guns/m4.htm Aviation History Online Museum - Browning Model M4 (T9) 37 mm Cannon]

{{USA aircraft cannons}}
{{USSR aircraft cannons}}
{{France aircraft cannons}}

[[Category:Aircraft cannons]]

AN-M4 (37 mm)

2022-09-13T17:35:28Z

U111069508: /* Description */ added short description

== Description ==
The AN-M4 is a naval version of the cannon found on the [[P-39 (Family)|P-39 Airacobra]], and the [[P-63A-5|P-63A-5 Kingcobra]].

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|us_elco_80ft_pt_boat_mod01}}
* {{Specs-Link|us_elco_80ft_pt_boat_mod02}}
* {{Specs-Link|us_elco_80ft_pt_boat_thunderbolt}}
* {{Specs-Link|us_higgins_78ft_pt625}}
* {{Specs-Link|us_higgins_78ft_pt658}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M54 shell || HEFI-T* || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3
|-
| M80 || API-T || 41 || 39 || 34 || 29 || 26 || 23
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M54 shell || HEFI-T* || 610 || 0.61 || 0 || 0.1 || 65.25 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M80 || API-T || 556 || 0.75 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA naval cannons}}

[[Category:Naval cannons]]

1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 (28 mm)

2022-09-13T17:26:13Z

U111069508: /* General info */

== Description ==


The '''1.1 inch/75 Mk.1''', nicknamed the "'''Chicago Piano'''", is an American anti-aircraft gun mounted on early destroyers and cruisers. Meant to replace the M2 Browning, it proved unpopular with its crews due to its unreliability. It was replaced by the 20 mm Oerlikon and 40 mm Bofors wherever possible, with the former having similar performance but requiring far less space, and the latter using the same amount of space but dramatically more effective.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===

{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Destroyers'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_destroyer_porter_1941}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_destroyer_porter_1942}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_destroyer_somers}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Light cruisers'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_cruiser_atlanta_class_atlanta}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_cruiser_omaha_class_detroit}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_cruiser_omaha_class_trenton}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Heavy cruisers'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_cruiser_northampton_class}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_cruiser_pensacola_class}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_cruiser_portland_class}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==
=== Available ammunition ===


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| 1.1 inch Mk.1 HE-T || HEF-T* || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 1.1 inch Mk.1 HE-T || HEF-T* || 823 || 0.42 || 0 || 0.1 || 14.7 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 4 barrels give a large volume of fire

'''Cons:'''

* Overheats somewhat quickly
* Long reload of 15s
* Only 1 choice of ammo belt
* Low rate of fire, less than the 40 mm Bofors

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA naval cannons}}

[[Category:Naval cannons]]

Hurricane Mk IIB/Trop

2022-09-13T17:17:05Z

U111069508: /* Pros and cons */ added 'for early hurricanes/spitfires' after '"heavy" armament' as clarification

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Hurricane (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=hurricanemkii
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Hurricane_Mk_IIB_Trop.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

[[File:Hurricane Mk IIB-Trop firing.jpg|300px|thumbnail|left|Hawker Hurricane IIB in action in War Thunder]]
The Hawker Hurricane IIB/Trop is very similar to the [[Hurricane Mk I/L]] in general flight characteristics, although the Hurricane Mk I/L performs a little better at everything except firepower and suspended armament. The Mk IIB/Trop is a little slower than the Mk I/L, and is fairly slow compared to the other fighters at the same BR. If you do get into a fight, use the Mk IIB's good manoeuvrability, and although it can take a fair amount of punishment, it is advisable not to just fly in in straight lines as you will present an easy target. If the aircraft becomes damaged try to hug the ground, using the terrain to your advantage to get back to your base to repair. However, if your engine is damaged (red or black), then do the exact opposite and gain as much altitude as you can, until your engine gives up and then work towards gliding to your base.

As a fighter, its flight characteristics and performance are sufficient for the fighter role within its rank. Although the Hurricane IIB's speed and more importantly turn time are considerably lower than the Spitfire and its other Hurricane relatives, it can stand its ground. It's forgiving and retains good turning characteristics at low speeds, though has a rather slow roll rate. With its forward centre of gravity, the Mk IIB is inclined to climb at full power. The plane is fairly easy to manoeuvre, and it often out-manoeuvres other planes at its level: even novice Japanese pilots can't quite escape a Hurricane that is under the control of a skilled pilot.

Furthermore, the Hurricane's heavy weight, due to its outdated box-girder structure, results in good vertical energy retention allowing the plane to engage in energy fighting. Boom & Zoom manoeuvres are possible, though the relatively low speed of the Hurricane makes this a risky business on longer stretches. Utilise them as a form of fighting in both Realistic and Simulator modes, as unlike in Arcade, regaining energy and speed after a turn fight takes some time, leaving you vulnerable to fighters that didn't join the furball. Keep in mind that the speed of the aircraft is not high and you can be easily caught by swifter enemies. If the player does press for turn-fighting keep your situational awareness up: you can turn on a penny, but once you get hit and damaged, controllability issues may leave you unable to avoid anything.

While it is agile against many other planes at its rank, it can easily be outclassed by planes above in an up-tier in terms of armament and agility. Overall, the Hurricane IIB is a rugged multipurpose aircraft and a joy to fly. If you want to know more about the ins and outs of flying the Hurricane, have a look at the historic [http://www.avialogs.com/index.php/en/aircraft/uk/hawker/hurricane/ap-1564bd-pilots-notes-hurricane-iia-iib-iic-iid-and-iv-aircraft-merlin-xx-engine.html pilot's notes]. A great and forgiving fighter aircraft to fly for beginners and a deadly tool for those who know it well!

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,182 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 487 || 471 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.0 || 18.7 || 7.4 || 7.4 || rowspan="2" | 320
|-
! Upgraded
| 535 || 510 || 16.4 || 17.0 || 16.1 || 11.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 268 || 246 || 202 || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 370 || < 250 || < 380 || > 410
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 6.35 mm Steel - Behind the engine
* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Windscreen
* 12.7 mm Steel - Pilot's seat

The Hurricane's advantages don't come without its disadvantages, the biggest concern is its rather fragile engine and airframe. Its soft skin and light protection mean the Mark IIB can't take too much damage before it takes on critical damage. Once the aircraft is damaged, the plane often loses controllability, making survival far harder, as manoeuvrability is key for the British aircraft.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 12 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (350 rpg = 4,200 total)

With its twelve Browning machine guns, the Hurricane IIB is well suited for the fighter role as it packs a tremendous punch at this rank. The sheer number of guns compensates adequately for the lack of higher calibre armament. The number of guns comes at a price though: with 350 rounds per gun, ammunition can be expended rather quickly in RB and SB. Trigger discipline is key here and will benefit both ammunition conservation and fire accuracy. Nonetheless, the Hurricane is a very stable gun platform.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|RP-3}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (500 lb total)
* 6 x RP-3 rockets

The aircraft can fulfil two roles once its suspended armament is unlocked and purchased. It either can take the role of a fighter or the role of a Hurri-bomber (a nickname given to fighter-bomber variants). The fact that it can be equipped with either bombs or rockets allows the plane to play the role of ground attack or attack interceptor without missing a beat. When attacking ground units, the two GP Mk.IV 250lb bombs can quickly destroy targets such as tanks, pillboxes and certain ships. When it is equipped with six RP-3 rockets, it can become a very deadly plane against ground targets, but also bombers, heavy attackers and - with a bit of luck - other fighters.

== Usage in battles ==

The twelve machine guns can be very deadly against planes at this rank, spewing what becomes a massive wall of lead toward enemy pilots, as long as the pilot gets into a fairly close range of their target (100 - 250 m is optimal) and firing at gun convergence. However, the twelve guns can burn through ammo fairly quickly, which can lead to constant reload in Arcade Battles and ammunition depletion in Realistic and Simulator Battles if the pilot doesn't manage his fire.
[[File:Hurricane Mk IIb being re-armed.jpg|thumbnail|left|A No 402 Squadron RCAF Hurricane Mk IIb 'Hurribomber' being re-armed at Manston, 6 November 1941.]]

The Hurricane IIB is unique at its rank due to its ability to use either two 250 lb GP bombs, or six RP-3 rockets. This allows the pilot the choice between playing ground attack roles against heavy targets such as ships, pillboxes, and tanks, or in the spirit of the attacker role, intercepting larger planes such as heavy fighters or bombers and quickly putting them out of the fight. However, both weapons have a fairly long reload time (in AB).
[[File:Hawker Hurricane attack bridge in Burma.jpg|thumbnail|Battle of Imphal - A Hurricane II of No. 42 Squadron RAF diving to attack a bridge near a small Burmese settlement. The bombs of the previous aircraft can be seen exploding on the target.]]

When utilising the rockets in Arcade, the pilot must be able to carefully predict with great precision their enemy's movement. Leading their shots long enough to have the rocket make contact with any part of the plane; along with resisting the urge to spam all six at once only to miss or not be able to go after other planes. One rocket is sufficient against fighters and other small aircraft, but some bombers and larger planes can take up to two rockets directly and not be immediately put down. For RB & SB rocket armament is not advised for air to air fights. They slow the already sluggish Hurricane down even more. Against bombers, the main target of rockets in AB, crippling one engine will either result in devastating fires or will cause the plane to eventually crash on its long trip back to base. However, in ground-attack duties, they still excel and once fired, a great fighter aircraft with great dodge ability remains to fight on.

The Hawker Hurricane Mark IIB can be used in two roles with relative ease: as a fighter-bomber and a fighter.
In the ground-attack fighter-bomber role, the aircraft packs a punch with both its primary and pylon armament. It can attack soft targets with its .303 Browning guns, though tougher, armoured targets cannot be destroyed with the primary armament. The rockets and bombs allow the player to crack these targets as well with relative ease. Experience will allow the player to deploy these weapons with accuracy and to great effect. As with the use of the primary armament to engage air targets, the use of ammo should be kept in mind when engaging ground targets as well. It's very easy to deplete the available rounds on a bothersome artillery emplacement only to find a bogey on your tail with no rounds left to engage.
[[File:Air me109 57.jpg|thumbnail|Allied ground crew disassembling a wrecked German He 111 aircraft near Daba and Fuka, Egypt, circa 1942; note wrecked Bf 109 fighter and Hurricane Mk II fighter in background]]

As a fighter, the Hurricane Mk II stands its ground, though it is somewhat limited by its armament. It is not as nimble as its other relatives or the Spitfires. The latter has a turn-time of 15 seconds when fully upgraded, whereas the Mark IIB only manages a turn time of 23.7 seconds. This is something to keep in mind when fighting more manoeuvrable adversaries. The above mentioned limited amount of ammunition should also be considered when engaging as a fighter. The 350 rounds per gun can be spent in quick succession, so pay attention to the usage. Furthermore, the firepower of the guns is highest when engaging targets only in the gun convergence zone. Combining the two means that holding fire until finding a target at a suitable lead angle within the gun convergence zone results in a more accurate, more deadly and more conservative fire. Not combining the two means unnecessarily spending limited ammunition, losing accuracy and lacking lethal power.

====Specific enemies worth noting====


'''Fighters'''

* [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109s]] & [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190s]] - Although the latter are not commonly encountered at its BR, both the 109 and the 190 pose a large threat due to the tremendous firepower and boom-and-zoom characteristics. Whilst German pilots that allow themselves to lured into turn-fighting can be quickly destroyed, the boom-and-zoom tactics are harder to counter. The Hurricane packs a punch but is easily defeated by cannon power in a head-on engagement. It's more advisable to evade a head-on attack and try to engage after a quick turn. The Mark IIB pilot should avoid boom and zoom attacks and try to lure the opponent into a turn to follow or a complete turn fight in order to get a gun solution on the target. The Hurricane IIB isn't fast enough nor has the high-altitude performance its German opponents have, so don't think about winning such a race in the long run.

* [[Bf 110 C-7|Bf 110]] - Again, the most dangerous scenarios include head-on and boom-and-zoom attacks. The Bf 110 packs one of the biggest punches at its tier, so be prepared to aggressively evade its guns. It is rather slow in turning and is a big target though, so if you do get a lead angle within convergence range, the Bf 110 can be taken out quite easily.

* [[I-153P|Chaikas]] & [[I-16 type 28|Ishaks]] - In general, the Russians have the advantage here. Being more manoeuvrable and having heavier firepower available, the I-153 and I-16 can be a tough nut to crack. Avoid turn fights with these aircraft. You have the advantage of speed, but only marginally so. Avoid getting too close, unless you are leading the target. Do not engage multiple Russian bogeys when lacking support by other teammates.

* [[:Category:USA aircraft|American fighters]]: Although you wouldn't guess it at first, the US fighter aircraft at this tier are faster turners than the Hurricane Mk IIB. These opponents also often surpass your aircraft's capabilities in terms of maximum speed and firepower. Turn fighting is key here, but avoid prolonged dogfights with your nimbler American opponents, as they will out turn you in the end.

'''Bombers'''

For all bomber targets you may encounter the tactics are bound by two main considerations: lack of ammunition and vulnerability of the Hurricane IIB. Engaging targets with speed advantage and firing within the convergence zone allows you to really do damage. The Mark IIB is a great bomber hunter, though in the hands of a novice pilot this will likely mean many return trips to base to reload those guns. Get accurate and await a powerful shooting solution.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

The plane is very forgiving when using Manual Engine Settings

Prop pitch: this can safely be set to 100% when climbing but when flying level you should reduce it to 90%. This will not only give the engine a bit of a rest and reduce the amount of heat generated but it will also give you a few km/h in speed.

Radiator: if set to 30-40% you can climb without burning overheating your engine (will get orange but not red) to about 3.5km. After that, you should cut back a bit on the throttle and let the engine cool down.

Supercharger: this should be switched at 3.5km (11,482 feet) altitude for optimal performance.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Multirole: fighter and fighter-bomber roles can be fulfilled
* Quite manoeuvrable: suitable for turn fighting
* Decent vertical energy retention: suitable for limited Boom & Zoom tactics
* "Heavy" armament for early hurricanes/[[Spitfire (Family)|spitfires]]: 12 x .303 Browning machine guns
* Great ammo capacity
* Excellent over-the-nose visibility ensures easy tracking and leading in cockpit view
* Is a stable gun platform with very smooth handling with simulator controls
* Great in Ground Battles; rockets can easily penetrate lower-tier tanks, and is manoeuvrable enough to evade other fighters and SPAAs

'''Cons:'''

* Fragile: engine and frame (fabric coated tube frame) are prone to damage
* High rate of fire: high ammo consumption if not cautious
* Not as manoeuvrable or speedy as its siblings and the Spitfire
* Additional armament is limited: reload time is slow in arcade battles
* Convergence is key: additional guns are mounted further out on the wing, resulting in a high convergence and beyond or below the target - the distance may result in a lot of missed shots.
* Due to the Hurricane having a carburettor, inverted manoeuvres will cause the engine to fail due to fuel starvation.
* Ammo count may seem plentiful, but there are 12 guns that fire at the same time, so you technically only have 350 rounds; trigger discipline will be needed

== History ==

[[File:Historical_Hurricane_ii_bomber.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane IIB of No.402 Squadron, RCAF]]
The plain one. The dumpy one. The unsexy sister of the glamorous Spitfire, its partner in the Battle of Britain. The plane that took, according to some sources, roughly 60 per cent of the accounted kills during that air campaign in World War II. The plane in which the only Victoria Cross for Fighter Command was won by Ft Lt. James Nicolson. The plane in which a foreigner, the Czech Sgt. Josef František gained the third most victories of all pilots during the Battle of Britain: he gained 17 victories. The history of the Hurricane is not only interesting as it tells us something about the plane, but it is also equally important as it tells us about the desperate struggle in which it took part.

The Hurricane thus has a long, but rather overshadowed history during the first years of the War. It served in all the theatres of World War II. In many variants, the workhorse fighter continued to serve until the end of the War - although its large-scale and frontline use effectively ended by 1943. It was a front line fighter, night fighter, intruder, the fighter-bomber, naval fighter, reconnaissance aircraft and also had various non-combat roles.
[[File:HurricaneMkIIB RAF274 NAfrica.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane Mk IIB Trop of No.274 Squadron, RAF]]

Although a highly successful and popular fighter, by 1940 the Hurricane Mk I was already showing itself to be inferior to enemy fighters such as the Messerschmitt 109. Experience from the Battle of Britain had also proved that the Hurricane's rifle-calibre 0.303 machine guns were inferior to larger calibre weapons being operated by enemy aircraft.

The Hurricane II was the result of further development of the earlier Mark I versions. Powered by an improved and supercharged twelve-cylinder Merlin XX engine, the Mark II entered service at the end of the summer of 1940 -at the height of the Battle of Britain. It was further modified by adding the 'universal wing' to allow the use of underwing stores such as bombs and rockets. Later the plane would be known as the Mark IIA Series 1. Hawker experimented with various armament configurations, leading to the Hurricane Mk. IIA Series 2 having either twelve .303 (7.7 mm) Browning Mk II machine guns, or four 20 mm Hispano Mk II cannons. Whilst the problem of rifle calibre bullets still existed with the .303 Brownings, the Hurricane's weight of fire had at least been increased as an interim measure whilst more powerful weapons were being refined.
[[File:Hurricane Mk IIB-Trop carrying ordnance.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane Mk IIB Trop in War Thunder]]

This configuration and the new Merlin XX engine made the production of the ageing Hurricanes worthwhile, as Spitfire production continued to increase. The series 2 with 12 Brownings would later become designated as the Mark IIB in 1941. The 56 Squadron was the first RAF squadron to be equipped with the new Hurricane Mk IIB in February 1941, and by the summer of the same year, 20 squadrons were operating the new Hurricane.

The series 2 with four Hispano cannons would become the Mark IIC. A tropical version of the Mark II was developed for service in the North African theatre of operations alongside naval versions designated Sea Hurricane and cannon-armed versions, such as the Mark IID and Mark IV. The latter showed that as the war progressed, the fighter role was abandoned in favour of a more suitable attack role.

Whilst the Hurricane was no longer effectively employed in its original role as a fighter by the end of 1942, it would go on to serve in many other capacities until it was finally retired from the RAF in January 1947.

=== In-game description ===
Although a highly successful and popular fighter, by 1940 the Hurricane Mk I was already showing itself to be inferior to enemy fighters such as the Messerschmitt 109. Experience from the Battle of Britain had also proved that the Hurricane's rifle-calibre 0.303 machine guns were inferior to larger calibre weapons being operated by enemy aircraft.

The Hurricane I was developed by adding the 1280 HP Rolls Royce Merlin XX engine and lengthening the fuselage slightly. This Hurricane Mk IIA was further modified by adding the 'universal wing' to allow the use of under wing stores such as bombs and rockets. When a further two 0.303 inch Browning machine guns were added to each wing, the Hurricane was transformed into the Mk IIb. Whilst the problem of rifle calibre bullets still existed, the Hurricane's weight of fire had at least been increased as an interim measure whilst more powerful weapons were being refined. 56 Squadron were the first RAF squadron to be equipped with the new Hurricane Mk IIB in February 1941, and by the summer of the same year, 20 squadrons were operating the new Hurricane.

The Hurricane Mk II would see further developments in the form of the Mk IIC, armed with four 20 mm Hispano cannon, and the Mk IID which was equipped with two 40 mm cannon in under wing pods for anti-tank duties. Whilst the Hurricane was no longer effectively employed in its original role as a fighter by the end of 1942, it would go on to serve in many other capacities until it was finally retired from the RAF in January 1947.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=hurricanemkii Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|FO43ggS6wSs|'''Community Choice, Hurricane Mk IIB Trop. From anger to Relaxation''' - ''Joseph 2000''|OPcuwro8xdc|'''3 reasons to take it to low BR tank battles - Hurricane Mk IIB Trop''' - ''HowToPlay1337''|Y1G0Lb1p5H0|'''Thunder Stories: Never in a Hurri''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|K0aQxOHUTYs|'''Hurricane Mk.IIB''' - ''MagzTV''|Hk93XdqceX8|'''Realistic: Hurricane Mk IIB/Trop [Devastating]''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Hawker}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Hurricane Mk IIB/Trop

2022-09-13T17:12:40Z

U111069508: /* Specific enemies worth noting */ added link to 'american fighters'

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Hurricane (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=hurricanemkii
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Hurricane_Mk_IIB_Trop.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

[[File:Hurricane Mk IIB-Trop firing.jpg|300px|thumbnail|left|Hawker Hurricane IIB in action in War Thunder]]
The Hawker Hurricane IIB/Trop is very similar to the [[Hurricane Mk I/L]] in general flight characteristics, although the Hurricane Mk I/L performs a little better at everything except firepower and suspended armament. The Mk IIB/Trop is a little slower than the Mk I/L, and is fairly slow compared to the other fighters at the same BR. If you do get into a fight, use the Mk IIB's good manoeuvrability, and although it can take a fair amount of punishment, it is advisable not to just fly in in straight lines as you will present an easy target. If the aircraft becomes damaged try to hug the ground, using the terrain to your advantage to get back to your base to repair. However, if your engine is damaged (red or black), then do the exact opposite and gain as much altitude as you can, until your engine gives up and then work towards gliding to your base.

As a fighter, its flight characteristics and performance are sufficient for the fighter role within its rank. Although the Hurricane IIB's speed and more importantly turn time are considerably lower than the Spitfire and its other Hurricane relatives, it can stand its ground. It's forgiving and retains good turning characteristics at low speeds, though has a rather slow roll rate. With its forward centre of gravity, the Mk IIB is inclined to climb at full power. The plane is fairly easy to manoeuvre, and it often out-manoeuvres other planes at its level: even novice Japanese pilots can't quite escape a Hurricane that is under the control of a skilled pilot.

Furthermore, the Hurricane's heavy weight, due to its outdated box-girder structure, results in good vertical energy retention allowing the plane to engage in energy fighting. Boom & Zoom manoeuvres are possible, though the relatively low speed of the Hurricane makes this a risky business on longer stretches. Utilise them as a form of fighting in both Realistic and Simulator modes, as unlike in Arcade, regaining energy and speed after a turn fight takes some time, leaving you vulnerable to fighters that didn't join the furball. Keep in mind that the speed of the aircraft is not high and you can be easily caught by swifter enemies. If the player does press for turn-fighting keep your situational awareness up: you can turn on a penny, but once you get hit and damaged, controllability issues may leave you unable to avoid anything.

While it is agile against many other planes at its rank, it can easily be outclassed by planes above in an up-tier in terms of armament and agility. Overall, the Hurricane IIB is a rugged multipurpose aircraft and a joy to fly. If you want to know more about the ins and outs of flying the Hurricane, have a look at the historic [http://www.avialogs.com/index.php/en/aircraft/uk/hawker/hurricane/ap-1564bd-pilots-notes-hurricane-iia-iib-iic-iid-and-iv-aircraft-merlin-xx-engine.html pilot's notes]. A great and forgiving fighter aircraft to fly for beginners and a deadly tool for those who know it well!

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,182 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 487 || 471 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.0 || 18.7 || 7.4 || 7.4 || rowspan="2" | 320
|-
! Upgraded
| 535 || 510 || 16.4 || 17.0 || 16.1 || 11.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 268 || 246 || 202 || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 370 || < 250 || < 380 || > 410
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 6.35 mm Steel - Behind the engine
* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Windscreen
* 12.7 mm Steel - Pilot's seat

The Hurricane's advantages don't come without its disadvantages, the biggest concern is its rather fragile engine and airframe. Its soft skin and light protection mean the Mark IIB can't take too much damage before it takes on critical damage. Once the aircraft is damaged, the plane often loses controllability, making survival far harder, as manoeuvrability is key for the British aircraft.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 12 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (350 rpg = 4,200 total)

With its twelve Browning machine guns, the Hurricane IIB is well suited for the fighter role as it packs a tremendous punch at this rank. The sheer number of guns compensates adequately for the lack of higher calibre armament. The number of guns comes at a price though: with 350 rounds per gun, ammunition can be expended rather quickly in RB and SB. Trigger discipline is key here and will benefit both ammunition conservation and fire accuracy. Nonetheless, the Hurricane is a very stable gun platform.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|RP-3}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (500 lb total)
* 6 x RP-3 rockets

The aircraft can fulfil two roles once its suspended armament is unlocked and purchased. It either can take the role of a fighter or the role of a Hurri-bomber (a nickname given to fighter-bomber variants). The fact that it can be equipped with either bombs or rockets allows the plane to play the role of ground attack or attack interceptor without missing a beat. When attacking ground units, the two GP Mk.IV 250lb bombs can quickly destroy targets such as tanks, pillboxes and certain ships. When it is equipped with six RP-3 rockets, it can become a very deadly plane against ground targets, but also bombers, heavy attackers and - with a bit of luck - other fighters.

== Usage in battles ==

The twelve machine guns can be very deadly against planes at this rank, spewing what becomes a massive wall of lead toward enemy pilots, as long as the pilot gets into a fairly close range of their target (100 - 250 m is optimal) and firing at gun convergence. However, the twelve guns can burn through ammo fairly quickly, which can lead to constant reload in Arcade Battles and ammunition depletion in Realistic and Simulator Battles if the pilot doesn't manage his fire.
[[File:Hurricane Mk IIb being re-armed.jpg|thumbnail|left|A No 402 Squadron RCAF Hurricane Mk IIb 'Hurribomber' being re-armed at Manston, 6 November 1941.]]

The Hurricane IIB is unique at its rank due to its ability to use either two 250 lb GP bombs, or six RP-3 rockets. This allows the pilot the choice between playing ground attack roles against heavy targets such as ships, pillboxes, and tanks, or in the spirit of the attacker role, intercepting larger planes such as heavy fighters or bombers and quickly putting them out of the fight. However, both weapons have a fairly long reload time (in AB).
[[File:Hawker Hurricane attack bridge in Burma.jpg|thumbnail|Battle of Imphal - A Hurricane II of No. 42 Squadron RAF diving to attack a bridge near a small Burmese settlement. The bombs of the previous aircraft can be seen exploding on the target.]]

When utilising the rockets in Arcade, the pilot must be able to carefully predict with great precision their enemy's movement. Leading their shots long enough to have the rocket make contact with any part of the plane; along with resisting the urge to spam all six at once only to miss or not be able to go after other planes. One rocket is sufficient against fighters and other small aircraft, but some bombers and larger planes can take up to two rockets directly and not be immediately put down. For RB & SB rocket armament is not advised for air to air fights. They slow the already sluggish Hurricane down even more. Against bombers, the main target of rockets in AB, crippling one engine will either result in devastating fires or will cause the plane to eventually crash on its long trip back to base. However, in ground-attack duties, they still excel and once fired, a great fighter aircraft with great dodge ability remains to fight on.

The Hawker Hurricane Mark IIB can be used in two roles with relative ease: as a fighter-bomber and a fighter.
In the ground-attack fighter-bomber role, the aircraft packs a punch with both its primary and pylon armament. It can attack soft targets with its .303 Browning guns, though tougher, armoured targets cannot be destroyed with the primary armament. The rockets and bombs allow the player to crack these targets as well with relative ease. Experience will allow the player to deploy these weapons with accuracy and to great effect. As with the use of the primary armament to engage air targets, the use of ammo should be kept in mind when engaging ground targets as well. It's very easy to deplete the available rounds on a bothersome artillery emplacement only to find a bogey on your tail with no rounds left to engage.
[[File:Air me109 57.jpg|thumbnail|Allied ground crew disassembling a wrecked German He 111 aircraft near Daba and Fuka, Egypt, circa 1942; note wrecked Bf 109 fighter and Hurricane Mk II fighter in background]]

As a fighter, the Hurricane Mk II stands its ground, though it is somewhat limited by its armament. It is not as nimble as its other relatives or the Spitfires. The latter has a turn-time of 15 seconds when fully upgraded, whereas the Mark IIB only manages a turn time of 23.7 seconds. This is something to keep in mind when fighting more manoeuvrable adversaries. The above mentioned limited amount of ammunition should also be considered when engaging as a fighter. The 350 rounds per gun can be spent in quick succession, so pay attention to the usage. Furthermore, the firepower of the guns is highest when engaging targets only in the gun convergence zone. Combining the two means that holding fire until finding a target at a suitable lead angle within the gun convergence zone results in a more accurate, more deadly and more conservative fire. Not combining the two means unnecessarily spending limited ammunition, losing accuracy and lacking lethal power.

====Specific enemies worth noting====


'''Fighters'''

* [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109s]] & [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190s]] - Although the latter are not commonly encountered at its BR, both the 109 and the 190 pose a large threat due to the tremendous firepower and boom-and-zoom characteristics. Whilst German pilots that allow themselves to lured into turn-fighting can be quickly destroyed, the boom-and-zoom tactics are harder to counter. The Hurricane packs a punch but is easily defeated by cannon power in a head-on engagement. It's more advisable to evade a head-on attack and try to engage after a quick turn. The Mark IIB pilot should avoid boom and zoom attacks and try to lure the opponent into a turn to follow or a complete turn fight in order to get a gun solution on the target. The Hurricane IIB isn't fast enough nor has the high-altitude performance its German opponents have, so don't think about winning such a race in the long run.

* [[Bf 110 C-7|Bf 110]] - Again, the most dangerous scenarios include head-on and boom-and-zoom attacks. The Bf 110 packs one of the biggest punches at its tier, so be prepared to aggressively evade its guns. It is rather slow in turning and is a big target though, so if you do get a lead angle within convergence range, the Bf 110 can be taken out quite easily.

* [[I-153P|Chaikas]] & [[I-16 type 28|Ishaks]] - In general, the Russians have the advantage here. Being more manoeuvrable and having heavier firepower available, the I-153 and I-16 can be a tough nut to crack. Avoid turn fights with these aircraft. You have the advantage of speed, but only marginally so. Avoid getting too close, unless you are leading the target. Do not engage multiple Russian bogeys when lacking support by other teammates.

* [[:Category:USA aircraft|American fighters]]: Although you wouldn't guess it at first, the US fighter aircraft at this tier are faster turners than the Hurricane Mk IIB. These opponents also often surpass your aircraft's capabilities in terms of maximum speed and firepower. Turn fighting is key here, but avoid prolonged dogfights with your nimbler American opponents, as they will out turn you in the end.

'''Bombers'''

For all bomber targets you may encounter the tactics are bound by two main considerations: lack of ammunition and vulnerability of the Hurricane IIB. Engaging targets with speed advantage and firing within the convergence zone allows you to really do damage. The Mark IIB is a great bomber hunter, though in the hands of a novice pilot this will likely mean many return trips to base to reload those guns. Get accurate and await a powerful shooting solution.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

The plane is very forgiving when using Manual Engine Settings

Prop pitch: this can safely be set to 100% when climbing but when flying level you should reduce it to 90%. This will not only give the engine a bit of a rest and reduce the amount of heat generated but it will also give you a few km/h in speed.

Radiator: if set to 30-40% you can climb without burning overheating your engine (will get orange but not red) to about 3.5km. After that, you should cut back a bit on the throttle and let the engine cool down.

Supercharger: this should be switched at 3.5km (11,482 feet) altitude for optimal performance.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Multirole: fighter and fighter-bomber roles can be fulfilled
* Quite manoeuvrable: suitable for turn fighting
* Decent vertical energy retention: suitable for limited Boom & Zoom tactics
* "Heavy" armament: 12 x .303 Browning machine guns
* Great ammo capacity
* Excellent over-the-nose visibility ensures easy tracking and leading in cockpit view
* Is a stable gun platform with very smooth handling with simulator controls
* Great in Ground Battles; rockets can easily penetrate lower-tier tanks, and is manoeuvrable enough to evade other fighters and SPAAs

'''Cons:'''

* Fragile: engine and frame (fabric coated tube frame) are prone to damage
* High rate of fire: high ammo consumption if not cautious
* Not as manoeuvrable or speedy as its siblings and the Spitfire
* Additional armament is limited: reload time is slow in arcade battles
* Convergence is key: additional guns are mounted further out on the wing, resulting in a high convergence and beyond or below the target - the distance may result in a lot of missed shots.
* Due to the Hurricane having a carburettor, inverted manoeuvres will cause the engine to fail due to fuel starvation.
* Ammo count may seem plentiful, but there are 12 guns that fire at the same time, so you technically only have 350 rounds; trigger discipline will be needed

== History ==

[[File:Historical_Hurricane_ii_bomber.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane IIB of No.402 Squadron, RCAF]]
The plain one. The dumpy one. The unsexy sister of the glamorous Spitfire, its partner in the Battle of Britain. The plane that took, according to some sources, roughly 60 per cent of the accounted kills during that air campaign in World War II. The plane in which the only Victoria Cross for Fighter Command was won by Ft Lt. James Nicolson. The plane in which a foreigner, the Czech Sgt. Josef František gained the third most victories of all pilots during the Battle of Britain: he gained 17 victories. The history of the Hurricane is not only interesting as it tells us something about the plane, but it is also equally important as it tells us about the desperate struggle in which it took part.

The Hurricane thus has a long, but rather overshadowed history during the first years of the War. It served in all the theatres of World War II. In many variants, the workhorse fighter continued to serve until the end of the War - although its large-scale and frontline use effectively ended by 1943. It was a front line fighter, night fighter, intruder, the fighter-bomber, naval fighter, reconnaissance aircraft and also had various non-combat roles.
[[File:HurricaneMkIIB RAF274 NAfrica.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane Mk IIB Trop of No.274 Squadron, RAF]]

Although a highly successful and popular fighter, by 1940 the Hurricane Mk I was already showing itself to be inferior to enemy fighters such as the Messerschmitt 109. Experience from the Battle of Britain had also proved that the Hurricane's rifle-calibre 0.303 machine guns were inferior to larger calibre weapons being operated by enemy aircraft.

The Hurricane II was the result of further development of the earlier Mark I versions. Powered by an improved and supercharged twelve-cylinder Merlin XX engine, the Mark II entered service at the end of the summer of 1940 -at the height of the Battle of Britain. It was further modified by adding the 'universal wing' to allow the use of underwing stores such as bombs and rockets. Later the plane would be known as the Mark IIA Series 1. Hawker experimented with various armament configurations, leading to the Hurricane Mk. IIA Series 2 having either twelve .303 (7.7 mm) Browning Mk II machine guns, or four 20 mm Hispano Mk II cannons. Whilst the problem of rifle calibre bullets still existed with the .303 Brownings, the Hurricane's weight of fire had at least been increased as an interim measure whilst more powerful weapons were being refined.
[[File:Hurricane Mk IIB-Trop carrying ordnance.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane Mk IIB Trop in War Thunder]]

This configuration and the new Merlin XX engine made the production of the ageing Hurricanes worthwhile, as Spitfire production continued to increase. The series 2 with 12 Brownings would later become designated as the Mark IIB in 1941. The 56 Squadron was the first RAF squadron to be equipped with the new Hurricane Mk IIB in February 1941, and by the summer of the same year, 20 squadrons were operating the new Hurricane.

The series 2 with four Hispano cannons would become the Mark IIC. A tropical version of the Mark II was developed for service in the North African theatre of operations alongside naval versions designated Sea Hurricane and cannon-armed versions, such as the Mark IID and Mark IV. The latter showed that as the war progressed, the fighter role was abandoned in favour of a more suitable attack role.

Whilst the Hurricane was no longer effectively employed in its original role as a fighter by the end of 1942, it would go on to serve in many other capacities until it was finally retired from the RAF in January 1947.

=== In-game description ===
Although a highly successful and popular fighter, by 1940 the Hurricane Mk I was already showing itself to be inferior to enemy fighters such as the Messerschmitt 109. Experience from the Battle of Britain had also proved that the Hurricane's rifle-calibre 0.303 machine guns were inferior to larger calibre weapons being operated by enemy aircraft.

The Hurricane I was developed by adding the 1280 HP Rolls Royce Merlin XX engine and lengthening the fuselage slightly. This Hurricane Mk IIA was further modified by adding the 'universal wing' to allow the use of under wing stores such as bombs and rockets. When a further two 0.303 inch Browning machine guns were added to each wing, the Hurricane was transformed into the Mk IIb. Whilst the problem of rifle calibre bullets still existed, the Hurricane's weight of fire had at least been increased as an interim measure whilst more powerful weapons were being refined. 56 Squadron were the first RAF squadron to be equipped with the new Hurricane Mk IIB in February 1941, and by the summer of the same year, 20 squadrons were operating the new Hurricane.

The Hurricane Mk II would see further developments in the form of the Mk IIC, armed with four 20 mm Hispano cannon, and the Mk IID which was equipped with two 40 mm cannon in under wing pods for anti-tank duties. Whilst the Hurricane was no longer effectively employed in its original role as a fighter by the end of 1942, it would go on to serve in many other capacities until it was finally retired from the RAF in January 1947.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=hurricanemkii Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|FO43ggS6wSs|'''Community Choice, Hurricane Mk IIB Trop. From anger to Relaxation''' - ''Joseph 2000''|OPcuwro8xdc|'''3 reasons to take it to low BR tank battles - Hurricane Mk IIB Trop''' - ''HowToPlay1337''|Y1G0Lb1p5H0|'''Thunder Stories: Never in a Hurri''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|K0aQxOHUTYs|'''Hurricane Mk.IIB''' - ''MagzTV''|Hk93XdqceX8|'''Realistic: Hurricane Mk IIB/Trop [Devastating]''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Hawker}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Hurricane Mk IIB/Trop

2022-09-13T17:09:46Z

U111069508: /* Suspended armament */ added 'a' to the hurri-bomber brackets

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Hurricane (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=hurricanemkii
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Hurricane_Mk_IIB_Trop.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

[[File:Hurricane Mk IIB-Trop firing.jpg|300px|thumbnail|left|Hawker Hurricane IIB in action in War Thunder]]
The Hawker Hurricane IIB/Trop is very similar to the [[Hurricane Mk I/L]] in general flight characteristics, although the Hurricane Mk I/L performs a little better at everything except firepower and suspended armament. The Mk IIB/Trop is a little slower than the Mk I/L, and is fairly slow compared to the other fighters at the same BR. If you do get into a fight, use the Mk IIB's good manoeuvrability, and although it can take a fair amount of punishment, it is advisable not to just fly in in straight lines as you will present an easy target. If the aircraft becomes damaged try to hug the ground, using the terrain to your advantage to get back to your base to repair. However, if your engine is damaged (red or black), then do the exact opposite and gain as much altitude as you can, until your engine gives up and then work towards gliding to your base.

As a fighter, its flight characteristics and performance are sufficient for the fighter role within its rank. Although the Hurricane IIB's speed and more importantly turn time are considerably lower than the Spitfire and its other Hurricane relatives, it can stand its ground. It's forgiving and retains good turning characteristics at low speeds, though has a rather slow roll rate. With its forward centre of gravity, the Mk IIB is inclined to climb at full power. The plane is fairly easy to manoeuvre, and it often out-manoeuvres other planes at its level: even novice Japanese pilots can't quite escape a Hurricane that is under the control of a skilled pilot.

Furthermore, the Hurricane's heavy weight, due to its outdated box-girder structure, results in good vertical energy retention allowing the plane to engage in energy fighting. Boom & Zoom manoeuvres are possible, though the relatively low speed of the Hurricane makes this a risky business on longer stretches. Utilise them as a form of fighting in both Realistic and Simulator modes, as unlike in Arcade, regaining energy and speed after a turn fight takes some time, leaving you vulnerable to fighters that didn't join the furball. Keep in mind that the speed of the aircraft is not high and you can be easily caught by swifter enemies. If the player does press for turn-fighting keep your situational awareness up: you can turn on a penny, but once you get hit and damaged, controllability issues may leave you unable to avoid anything.

While it is agile against many other planes at its rank, it can easily be outclassed by planes above in an up-tier in terms of armament and agility. Overall, the Hurricane IIB is a rugged multipurpose aircraft and a joy to fly. If you want to know more about the ins and outs of flying the Hurricane, have a look at the historic [http://www.avialogs.com/index.php/en/aircraft/uk/hawker/hurricane/ap-1564bd-pilots-notes-hurricane-iia-iib-iic-iid-and-iv-aircraft-merlin-xx-engine.html pilot's notes]. A great and forgiving fighter aircraft to fly for beginners and a deadly tool for those who know it well!

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,182 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 487 || 471 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.0 || 18.7 || 7.4 || 7.4 || rowspan="2" | 320
|-
! Upgraded
| 535 || 510 || 16.4 || 17.0 || 16.1 || 11.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 268 || 246 || 202 || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 370 || < 250 || < 380 || > 410
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 6.35 mm Steel - Behind the engine
* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Windscreen
* 12.7 mm Steel - Pilot's seat

The Hurricane's advantages don't come without its disadvantages, the biggest concern is its rather fragile engine and airframe. Its soft skin and light protection mean the Mark IIB can't take too much damage before it takes on critical damage. Once the aircraft is damaged, the plane often loses controllability, making survival far harder, as manoeuvrability is key for the British aircraft.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 12 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (350 rpg = 4,200 total)

With its twelve Browning machine guns, the Hurricane IIB is well suited for the fighter role as it packs a tremendous punch at this rank. The sheer number of guns compensates adequately for the lack of higher calibre armament. The number of guns comes at a price though: with 350 rounds per gun, ammunition can be expended rather quickly in RB and SB. Trigger discipline is key here and will benefit both ammunition conservation and fire accuracy. Nonetheless, the Hurricane is a very stable gun platform.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|RP-3}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (500 lb total)
* 6 x RP-3 rockets

The aircraft can fulfil two roles once its suspended armament is unlocked and purchased. It either can take the role of a fighter or the role of a Hurri-bomber (a nickname given to fighter-bomber variants). The fact that it can be equipped with either bombs or rockets allows the plane to play the role of ground attack or attack interceptor without missing a beat. When attacking ground units, the two GP Mk.IV 250lb bombs can quickly destroy targets such as tanks, pillboxes and certain ships. When it is equipped with six RP-3 rockets, it can become a very deadly plane against ground targets, but also bombers, heavy attackers and - with a bit of luck - other fighters.

== Usage in battles ==

The twelve machine guns can be very deadly against planes at this rank, spewing what becomes a massive wall of lead toward enemy pilots, as long as the pilot gets into a fairly close range of their target (100 - 250 m is optimal) and firing at gun convergence. However, the twelve guns can burn through ammo fairly quickly, which can lead to constant reload in Arcade Battles and ammunition depletion in Realistic and Simulator Battles if the pilot doesn't manage his fire.
[[File:Hurricane Mk IIb being re-armed.jpg|thumbnail|left|A No 402 Squadron RCAF Hurricane Mk IIb 'Hurribomber' being re-armed at Manston, 6 November 1941.]]

The Hurricane IIB is unique at its rank due to its ability to use either two 250 lb GP bombs, or six RP-3 rockets. This allows the pilot the choice between playing ground attack roles against heavy targets such as ships, pillboxes, and tanks, or in the spirit of the attacker role, intercepting larger planes such as heavy fighters or bombers and quickly putting them out of the fight. However, both weapons have a fairly long reload time (in AB).
[[File:Hawker Hurricane attack bridge in Burma.jpg|thumbnail|Battle of Imphal - A Hurricane II of No. 42 Squadron RAF diving to attack a bridge near a small Burmese settlement. The bombs of the previous aircraft can be seen exploding on the target.]]

When utilising the rockets in Arcade, the pilot must be able to carefully predict with great precision their enemy's movement. Leading their shots long enough to have the rocket make contact with any part of the plane; along with resisting the urge to spam all six at once only to miss or not be able to go after other planes. One rocket is sufficient against fighters and other small aircraft, but some bombers and larger planes can take up to two rockets directly and not be immediately put down. For RB & SB rocket armament is not advised for air to air fights. They slow the already sluggish Hurricane down even more. Against bombers, the main target of rockets in AB, crippling one engine will either result in devastating fires or will cause the plane to eventually crash on its long trip back to base. However, in ground-attack duties, they still excel and once fired, a great fighter aircraft with great dodge ability remains to fight on.

The Hawker Hurricane Mark IIB can be used in two roles with relative ease: as a fighter-bomber and a fighter.
In the ground-attack fighter-bomber role, the aircraft packs a punch with both its primary and pylon armament. It can attack soft targets with its .303 Browning guns, though tougher, armoured targets cannot be destroyed with the primary armament. The rockets and bombs allow the player to crack these targets as well with relative ease. Experience will allow the player to deploy these weapons with accuracy and to great effect. As with the use of the primary armament to engage air targets, the use of ammo should be kept in mind when engaging ground targets as well. It's very easy to deplete the available rounds on a bothersome artillery emplacement only to find a bogey on your tail with no rounds left to engage.
[[File:Air me109 57.jpg|thumbnail|Allied ground crew disassembling a wrecked German He 111 aircraft near Daba and Fuka, Egypt, circa 1942; note wrecked Bf 109 fighter and Hurricane Mk II fighter in background]]

As a fighter, the Hurricane Mk II stands its ground, though it is somewhat limited by its armament. It is not as nimble as its other relatives or the Spitfires. The latter has a turn-time of 15 seconds when fully upgraded, whereas the Mark IIB only manages a turn time of 23.7 seconds. This is something to keep in mind when fighting more manoeuvrable adversaries. The above mentioned limited amount of ammunition should also be considered when engaging as a fighter. The 350 rounds per gun can be spent in quick succession, so pay attention to the usage. Furthermore, the firepower of the guns is highest when engaging targets only in the gun convergence zone. Combining the two means that holding fire until finding a target at a suitable lead angle within the gun convergence zone results in a more accurate, more deadly and more conservative fire. Not combining the two means unnecessarily spending limited ammunition, losing accuracy and lacking lethal power.

====Specific enemies worth noting====


'''Fighters'''

* [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109s]] & [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190s]] - Although the latter are not commonly encountered at its BR, both the 109 and the 190 pose a large threat due to the tremendous firepower and boom-and-zoom characteristics. Whilst German pilots that allow themselves to lured into turn-fighting can be quickly destroyed, the boom-and-zoom tactics are harder to counter. The Hurricane packs a punch but is easily defeated by cannon power in a head-on engagement. It's more advisable to evade a head-on attack and try to engage after a quick turn. The Mark IIB pilot should avoid boom and zoom attacks and try to lure the opponent into a turn to follow or a complete turn fight in order to get a gun solution on the target. The Hurricane IIB isn't fast enough nor has the high-altitude performance its German opponents have, so don't think about winning such a race in the long run.

* [[Bf 110 C-7|Bf 110]] - Again, the most dangerous scenarios include head-on and boom-and-zoom attacks. The Bf 110 packs one of the biggest punches at its tier, so be prepared to aggressively evade its guns. It is rather slow in turning and is a big target though, so if you do get a lead angle within convergence range, the Bf 110 can be taken out quite easily.

* [[I-153P|Chaikas]] & [[I-16 type 28|Ishaks]] - In general, the Russians have the advantage here. Being more manoeuvrable and having heavier firepower available, the I-153 and I-16 can be a tough nut to crack. Avoid turn fights with these aircraft. You have the advantage of speed, but only marginally so. Avoid getting too close, unless you are leading the target. Do not engage multiple Russian bogeys when lacking support by other teammates.

* American fighters: Although you wouldn't guess it at first, the US fighter aircraft at this tier are faster turners than the Hurricane Mk IIB. These opponents also often surpass your aircraft's capabilities in terms of maximum speed and firepower. Turn fighting is key here, but avoid prolonged dogfights with your nimbler American opponents, as they will out turn you in the end.

'''Bombers'''

For all bomber targets you may encounter the tactics are bound by two main considerations: lack of ammunition and vulnerability of the Hurricane IIB. Engaging targets with speed advantage and firing within the convergence zone allows you to really do damage. The Mark IIB is a great bomber hunter, though in the hands of a novice pilot this will likely mean many return trips to base to reload those guns. Get accurate and await a powerful shooting solution.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

The plane is very forgiving when using Manual Engine Settings

Prop pitch: this can safely be set to 100% when climbing but when flying level you should reduce it to 90%. This will not only give the engine a bit of a rest and reduce the amount of heat generated but it will also give you a few km/h in speed.

Radiator: if set to 30-40% you can climb without burning overheating your engine (will get orange but not red) to about 3.5km. After that, you should cut back a bit on the throttle and let the engine cool down.

Supercharger: this should be switched at 3.5km (11,482 feet) altitude for optimal performance.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Multirole: fighter and fighter-bomber roles can be fulfilled
* Quite manoeuvrable: suitable for turn fighting
* Decent vertical energy retention: suitable for limited Boom & Zoom tactics
* "Heavy" armament: 12 x .303 Browning machine guns
* Great ammo capacity
* Excellent over-the-nose visibility ensures easy tracking and leading in cockpit view
* Is a stable gun platform with very smooth handling with simulator controls
* Great in Ground Battles; rockets can easily penetrate lower-tier tanks, and is manoeuvrable enough to evade other fighters and SPAAs

'''Cons:'''

* Fragile: engine and frame (fabric coated tube frame) are prone to damage
* High rate of fire: high ammo consumption if not cautious
* Not as manoeuvrable or speedy as its siblings and the Spitfire
* Additional armament is limited: reload time is slow in arcade battles
* Convergence is key: additional guns are mounted further out on the wing, resulting in a high convergence and beyond or below the target - the distance may result in a lot of missed shots.
* Due to the Hurricane having a carburettor, inverted manoeuvres will cause the engine to fail due to fuel starvation.
* Ammo count may seem plentiful, but there are 12 guns that fire at the same time, so you technically only have 350 rounds; trigger discipline will be needed

== History ==

[[File:Historical_Hurricane_ii_bomber.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane IIB of No.402 Squadron, RCAF]]
The plain one. The dumpy one. The unsexy sister of the glamorous Spitfire, its partner in the Battle of Britain. The plane that took, according to some sources, roughly 60 per cent of the accounted kills during that air campaign in World War II. The plane in which the only Victoria Cross for Fighter Command was won by Ft Lt. James Nicolson. The plane in which a foreigner, the Czech Sgt. Josef František gained the third most victories of all pilots during the Battle of Britain: he gained 17 victories. The history of the Hurricane is not only interesting as it tells us something about the plane, but it is also equally important as it tells us about the desperate struggle in which it took part.

The Hurricane thus has a long, but rather overshadowed history during the first years of the War. It served in all the theatres of World War II. In many variants, the workhorse fighter continued to serve until the end of the War - although its large-scale and frontline use effectively ended by 1943. It was a front line fighter, night fighter, intruder, the fighter-bomber, naval fighter, reconnaissance aircraft and also had various non-combat roles.
[[File:HurricaneMkIIB RAF274 NAfrica.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane Mk IIB Trop of No.274 Squadron, RAF]]

Although a highly successful and popular fighter, by 1940 the Hurricane Mk I was already showing itself to be inferior to enemy fighters such as the Messerschmitt 109. Experience from the Battle of Britain had also proved that the Hurricane's rifle-calibre 0.303 machine guns were inferior to larger calibre weapons being operated by enemy aircraft.

The Hurricane II was the result of further development of the earlier Mark I versions. Powered by an improved and supercharged twelve-cylinder Merlin XX engine, the Mark II entered service at the end of the summer of 1940 -at the height of the Battle of Britain. It was further modified by adding the 'universal wing' to allow the use of underwing stores such as bombs and rockets. Later the plane would be known as the Mark IIA Series 1. Hawker experimented with various armament configurations, leading to the Hurricane Mk. IIA Series 2 having either twelve .303 (7.7 mm) Browning Mk II machine guns, or four 20 mm Hispano Mk II cannons. Whilst the problem of rifle calibre bullets still existed with the .303 Brownings, the Hurricane's weight of fire had at least been increased as an interim measure whilst more powerful weapons were being refined.
[[File:Hurricane Mk IIB-Trop carrying ordnance.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane Mk IIB Trop in War Thunder]]

This configuration and the new Merlin XX engine made the production of the ageing Hurricanes worthwhile, as Spitfire production continued to increase. The series 2 with 12 Brownings would later become designated as the Mark IIB in 1941. The 56 Squadron was the first RAF squadron to be equipped with the new Hurricane Mk IIB in February 1941, and by the summer of the same year, 20 squadrons were operating the new Hurricane.

The series 2 with four Hispano cannons would become the Mark IIC. A tropical version of the Mark II was developed for service in the North African theatre of operations alongside naval versions designated Sea Hurricane and cannon-armed versions, such as the Mark IID and Mark IV. The latter showed that as the war progressed, the fighter role was abandoned in favour of a more suitable attack role.

Whilst the Hurricane was no longer effectively employed in its original role as a fighter by the end of 1942, it would go on to serve in many other capacities until it was finally retired from the RAF in January 1947.

=== In-game description ===
Although a highly successful and popular fighter, by 1940 the Hurricane Mk I was already showing itself to be inferior to enemy fighters such as the Messerschmitt 109. Experience from the Battle of Britain had also proved that the Hurricane's rifle-calibre 0.303 machine guns were inferior to larger calibre weapons being operated by enemy aircraft.

The Hurricane I was developed by adding the 1280 HP Rolls Royce Merlin XX engine and lengthening the fuselage slightly. This Hurricane Mk IIA was further modified by adding the 'universal wing' to allow the use of under wing stores such as bombs and rockets. When a further two 0.303 inch Browning machine guns were added to each wing, the Hurricane was transformed into the Mk IIb. Whilst the problem of rifle calibre bullets still existed, the Hurricane's weight of fire had at least been increased as an interim measure whilst more powerful weapons were being refined. 56 Squadron were the first RAF squadron to be equipped with the new Hurricane Mk IIB in February 1941, and by the summer of the same year, 20 squadrons were operating the new Hurricane.

The Hurricane Mk II would see further developments in the form of the Mk IIC, armed with four 20 mm Hispano cannon, and the Mk IID which was equipped with two 40 mm cannon in under wing pods for anti-tank duties. Whilst the Hurricane was no longer effectively employed in its original role as a fighter by the end of 1942, it would go on to serve in many other capacities until it was finally retired from the RAF in January 1947.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=hurricanemkii Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|FO43ggS6wSs|'''Community Choice, Hurricane Mk IIB Trop. From anger to Relaxation''' - ''Joseph 2000''|OPcuwro8xdc|'''3 reasons to take it to low BR tank battles - Hurricane Mk IIB Trop''' - ''HowToPlay1337''|Y1G0Lb1p5H0|'''Thunder Stories: Never in a Hurri''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|K0aQxOHUTYs|'''Hurricane Mk.IIB''' - ''MagzTV''|Hk93XdqceX8|'''Realistic: Hurricane Mk IIB/Trop [Devastating]''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Hawker}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Hurricane Mk IIB/Trop

2022-09-13T17:07:32Z

U111069508: /* Flight performance */ changed 'additional armament' to 'suspended armament' to avoid confusion

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Hurricane (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=hurricanemkii
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Hurricane_Mk_IIB_Trop.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

[[File:Hurricane Mk IIB-Trop firing.jpg|300px|thumbnail|left|Hawker Hurricane IIB in action in War Thunder]]
The Hawker Hurricane IIB/Trop is very similar to the [[Hurricane Mk I/L]] in general flight characteristics, although the Hurricane Mk I/L performs a little better at everything except firepower and suspended armament. The Mk IIB/Trop is a little slower than the Mk I/L, and is fairly slow compared to the other fighters at the same BR. If you do get into a fight, use the Mk IIB's good manoeuvrability, and although it can take a fair amount of punishment, it is advisable not to just fly in in straight lines as you will present an easy target. If the aircraft becomes damaged try to hug the ground, using the terrain to your advantage to get back to your base to repair. However, if your engine is damaged (red or black), then do the exact opposite and gain as much altitude as you can, until your engine gives up and then work towards gliding to your base.

As a fighter, its flight characteristics and performance are sufficient for the fighter role within its rank. Although the Hurricane IIB's speed and more importantly turn time are considerably lower than the Spitfire and its other Hurricane relatives, it can stand its ground. It's forgiving and retains good turning characteristics at low speeds, though has a rather slow roll rate. With its forward centre of gravity, the Mk IIB is inclined to climb at full power. The plane is fairly easy to manoeuvre, and it often out-manoeuvres other planes at its level: even novice Japanese pilots can't quite escape a Hurricane that is under the control of a skilled pilot.

Furthermore, the Hurricane's heavy weight, due to its outdated box-girder structure, results in good vertical energy retention allowing the plane to engage in energy fighting. Boom & Zoom manoeuvres are possible, though the relatively low speed of the Hurricane makes this a risky business on longer stretches. Utilise them as a form of fighting in both Realistic and Simulator modes, as unlike in Arcade, regaining energy and speed after a turn fight takes some time, leaving you vulnerable to fighters that didn't join the furball. Keep in mind that the speed of the aircraft is not high and you can be easily caught by swifter enemies. If the player does press for turn-fighting keep your situational awareness up: you can turn on a penny, but once you get hit and damaged, controllability issues may leave you unable to avoid anything.

While it is agile against many other planes at its rank, it can easily be outclassed by planes above in an up-tier in terms of armament and agility. Overall, the Hurricane IIB is a rugged multipurpose aircraft and a joy to fly. If you want to know more about the ins and outs of flying the Hurricane, have a look at the historic [http://www.avialogs.com/index.php/en/aircraft/uk/hawker/hurricane/ap-1564bd-pilots-notes-hurricane-iia-iib-iic-iid-and-iv-aircraft-merlin-xx-engine.html pilot's notes]. A great and forgiving fighter aircraft to fly for beginners and a deadly tool for those who know it well!

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,182 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 487 || 471 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.0 || 18.7 || 7.4 || 7.4 || rowspan="2" | 320
|-
! Upgraded
| 535 || 510 || 16.4 || 17.0 || 16.1 || 11.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 268 || 246 || 202 || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 370 || < 250 || < 380 || > 410
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 6.35 mm Steel - Behind the engine
* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Windscreen
* 12.7 mm Steel - Pilot's seat

The Hurricane's advantages don't come without its disadvantages, the biggest concern is its rather fragile engine and airframe. Its soft skin and light protection mean the Mark IIB can't take too much damage before it takes on critical damage. Once the aircraft is damaged, the plane often loses controllability, making survival far harder, as manoeuvrability is key for the British aircraft.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 12 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (350 rpg = 4,200 total)

With its twelve Browning machine guns, the Hurricane IIB is well suited for the fighter role as it packs a tremendous punch at this rank. The sheer number of guns compensates adequately for the lack of higher calibre armament. The number of guns comes at a price though: with 350 rounds per gun, ammunition can be expended rather quickly in RB and SB. Trigger discipline is key here and will benefit both ammunition conservation and fire accuracy. Nonetheless, the Hurricane is a very stable gun platform.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|RP-3}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (500 lb total)
* 6 x RP-3 rockets

The aircraft can fulfil two roles once its suspended armament is unlocked and purchased. It either can take the role of a fighter or the role of a Hurri-bomber (nickname given to fighter-bomber variants). The fact that it can be equipped with either bombs or rockets allows the plane to play the role of ground attack or attack interceptor without missing a beat. When attacking ground units, the two GP Mk.IV 250lb bombs can quickly destroy targets such as tanks, pillboxes and certain ships. When it is equipped with six RP-3 rockets, it can become a very deadly plane against ground targets, but also bombers, heavy attackers and - with a bit of luck - other fighters.

== Usage in battles ==

The twelve machine guns can be very deadly against planes at this rank, spewing what becomes a massive wall of lead toward enemy pilots, as long as the pilot gets into a fairly close range of their target (100 - 250 m is optimal) and firing at gun convergence. However, the twelve guns can burn through ammo fairly quickly, which can lead to constant reload in Arcade Battles and ammunition depletion in Realistic and Simulator Battles if the pilot doesn't manage his fire.
[[File:Hurricane Mk IIb being re-armed.jpg|thumbnail|left|A No 402 Squadron RCAF Hurricane Mk IIb 'Hurribomber' being re-armed at Manston, 6 November 1941.]]

The Hurricane IIB is unique at its rank due to its ability to use either two 250 lb GP bombs, or six RP-3 rockets. This allows the pilot the choice between playing ground attack roles against heavy targets such as ships, pillboxes, and tanks, or in the spirit of the attacker role, intercepting larger planes such as heavy fighters or bombers and quickly putting them out of the fight. However, both weapons have a fairly long reload time (in AB).
[[File:Hawker Hurricane attack bridge in Burma.jpg|thumbnail|Battle of Imphal - A Hurricane II of No. 42 Squadron RAF diving to attack a bridge near a small Burmese settlement. The bombs of the previous aircraft can be seen exploding on the target.]]

When utilising the rockets in Arcade, the pilot must be able to carefully predict with great precision their enemy's movement. Leading their shots long enough to have the rocket make contact with any part of the plane; along with resisting the urge to spam all six at once only to miss or not be able to go after other planes. One rocket is sufficient against fighters and other small aircraft, but some bombers and larger planes can take up to two rockets directly and not be immediately put down. For RB & SB rocket armament is not advised for air to air fights. They slow the already sluggish Hurricane down even more. Against bombers, the main target of rockets in AB, crippling one engine will either result in devastating fires or will cause the plane to eventually crash on its long trip back to base. However, in ground-attack duties, they still excel and once fired, a great fighter aircraft with great dodge ability remains to fight on.

The Hawker Hurricane Mark IIB can be used in two roles with relative ease: as a fighter-bomber and a fighter.
In the ground-attack fighter-bomber role, the aircraft packs a punch with both its primary and pylon armament. It can attack soft targets with its .303 Browning guns, though tougher, armoured targets cannot be destroyed with the primary armament. The rockets and bombs allow the player to crack these targets as well with relative ease. Experience will allow the player to deploy these weapons with accuracy and to great effect. As with the use of the primary armament to engage air targets, the use of ammo should be kept in mind when engaging ground targets as well. It's very easy to deplete the available rounds on a bothersome artillery emplacement only to find a bogey on your tail with no rounds left to engage.
[[File:Air me109 57.jpg|thumbnail|Allied ground crew disassembling a wrecked German He 111 aircraft near Daba and Fuka, Egypt, circa 1942; note wrecked Bf 109 fighter and Hurricane Mk II fighter in background]]

As a fighter, the Hurricane Mk II stands its ground, though it is somewhat limited by its armament. It is not as nimble as its other relatives or the Spitfires. The latter has a turn-time of 15 seconds when fully upgraded, whereas the Mark IIB only manages a turn time of 23.7 seconds. This is something to keep in mind when fighting more manoeuvrable adversaries. The above mentioned limited amount of ammunition should also be considered when engaging as a fighter. The 350 rounds per gun can be spent in quick succession, so pay attention to the usage. Furthermore, the firepower of the guns is highest when engaging targets only in the gun convergence zone. Combining the two means that holding fire until finding a target at a suitable lead angle within the gun convergence zone results in a more accurate, more deadly and more conservative fire. Not combining the two means unnecessarily spending limited ammunition, losing accuracy and lacking lethal power.

====Specific enemies worth noting====


'''Fighters'''

* [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109s]] & [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190s]] - Although the latter are not commonly encountered at its BR, both the 109 and the 190 pose a large threat due to the tremendous firepower and boom-and-zoom characteristics. Whilst German pilots that allow themselves to lured into turn-fighting can be quickly destroyed, the boom-and-zoom tactics are harder to counter. The Hurricane packs a punch but is easily defeated by cannon power in a head-on engagement. It's more advisable to evade a head-on attack and try to engage after a quick turn. The Mark IIB pilot should avoid boom and zoom attacks and try to lure the opponent into a turn to follow or a complete turn fight in order to get a gun solution on the target. The Hurricane IIB isn't fast enough nor has the high-altitude performance its German opponents have, so don't think about winning such a race in the long run.

* [[Bf 110 C-7|Bf 110]] - Again, the most dangerous scenarios include head-on and boom-and-zoom attacks. The Bf 110 packs one of the biggest punches at its tier, so be prepared to aggressively evade its guns. It is rather slow in turning and is a big target though, so if you do get a lead angle within convergence range, the Bf 110 can be taken out quite easily.

* [[I-153P|Chaikas]] & [[I-16 type 28|Ishaks]] - In general, the Russians have the advantage here. Being more manoeuvrable and having heavier firepower available, the I-153 and I-16 can be a tough nut to crack. Avoid turn fights with these aircraft. You have the advantage of speed, but only marginally so. Avoid getting too close, unless you are leading the target. Do not engage multiple Russian bogeys when lacking support by other teammates.

* American fighters: Although you wouldn't guess it at first, the US fighter aircraft at this tier are faster turners than the Hurricane Mk IIB. These opponents also often surpass your aircraft's capabilities in terms of maximum speed and firepower. Turn fighting is key here, but avoid prolonged dogfights with your nimbler American opponents, as they will out turn you in the end.

'''Bombers'''

For all bomber targets you may encounter the tactics are bound by two main considerations: lack of ammunition and vulnerability of the Hurricane IIB. Engaging targets with speed advantage and firing within the convergence zone allows you to really do damage. The Mark IIB is a great bomber hunter, though in the hands of a novice pilot this will likely mean many return trips to base to reload those guns. Get accurate and await a powerful shooting solution.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

The plane is very forgiving when using Manual Engine Settings

Prop pitch: this can safely be set to 100% when climbing but when flying level you should reduce it to 90%. This will not only give the engine a bit of a rest and reduce the amount of heat generated but it will also give you a few km/h in speed.

Radiator: if set to 30-40% you can climb without burning overheating your engine (will get orange but not red) to about 3.5km. After that, you should cut back a bit on the throttle and let the engine cool down.

Supercharger: this should be switched at 3.5km (11,482 feet) altitude for optimal performance.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Multirole: fighter and fighter-bomber roles can be fulfilled
* Quite manoeuvrable: suitable for turn fighting
* Decent vertical energy retention: suitable for limited Boom & Zoom tactics
* "Heavy" armament: 12 x .303 Browning machine guns
* Great ammo capacity
* Excellent over-the-nose visibility ensures easy tracking and leading in cockpit view
* Is a stable gun platform with very smooth handling with simulator controls
* Great in Ground Battles; rockets can easily penetrate lower-tier tanks, and is manoeuvrable enough to evade other fighters and SPAAs

'''Cons:'''

* Fragile: engine and frame (fabric coated tube frame) are prone to damage
* High rate of fire: high ammo consumption if not cautious
* Not as manoeuvrable or speedy as its siblings and the Spitfire
* Additional armament is limited: reload time is slow in arcade battles
* Convergence is key: additional guns are mounted further out on the wing, resulting in a high convergence and beyond or below the target - the distance may result in a lot of missed shots.
* Due to the Hurricane having a carburettor, inverted manoeuvres will cause the engine to fail due to fuel starvation.
* Ammo count may seem plentiful, but there are 12 guns that fire at the same time, so you technically only have 350 rounds; trigger discipline will be needed

== History ==

[[File:Historical_Hurricane_ii_bomber.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane IIB of No.402 Squadron, RCAF]]
The plain one. The dumpy one. The unsexy sister of the glamorous Spitfire, its partner in the Battle of Britain. The plane that took, according to some sources, roughly 60 per cent of the accounted kills during that air campaign in World War II. The plane in which the only Victoria Cross for Fighter Command was won by Ft Lt. James Nicolson. The plane in which a foreigner, the Czech Sgt. Josef František gained the third most victories of all pilots during the Battle of Britain: he gained 17 victories. The history of the Hurricane is not only interesting as it tells us something about the plane, but it is also equally important as it tells us about the desperate struggle in which it took part.

The Hurricane thus has a long, but rather overshadowed history during the first years of the War. It served in all the theatres of World War II. In many variants, the workhorse fighter continued to serve until the end of the War - although its large-scale and frontline use effectively ended by 1943. It was a front line fighter, night fighter, intruder, the fighter-bomber, naval fighter, reconnaissance aircraft and also had various non-combat roles.
[[File:HurricaneMkIIB RAF274 NAfrica.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane Mk IIB Trop of No.274 Squadron, RAF]]

Although a highly successful and popular fighter, by 1940 the Hurricane Mk I was already showing itself to be inferior to enemy fighters such as the Messerschmitt 109. Experience from the Battle of Britain had also proved that the Hurricane's rifle-calibre 0.303 machine guns were inferior to larger calibre weapons being operated by enemy aircraft.

The Hurricane II was the result of further development of the earlier Mark I versions. Powered by an improved and supercharged twelve-cylinder Merlin XX engine, the Mark II entered service at the end of the summer of 1940 -at the height of the Battle of Britain. It was further modified by adding the 'universal wing' to allow the use of underwing stores such as bombs and rockets. Later the plane would be known as the Mark IIA Series 1. Hawker experimented with various armament configurations, leading to the Hurricane Mk. IIA Series 2 having either twelve .303 (7.7 mm) Browning Mk II machine guns, or four 20 mm Hispano Mk II cannons. Whilst the problem of rifle calibre bullets still existed with the .303 Brownings, the Hurricane's weight of fire had at least been increased as an interim measure whilst more powerful weapons were being refined.
[[File:Hurricane Mk IIB-Trop carrying ordnance.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane Mk IIB Trop in War Thunder]]

This configuration and the new Merlin XX engine made the production of the ageing Hurricanes worthwhile, as Spitfire production continued to increase. The series 2 with 12 Brownings would later become designated as the Mark IIB in 1941. The 56 Squadron was the first RAF squadron to be equipped with the new Hurricane Mk IIB in February 1941, and by the summer of the same year, 20 squadrons were operating the new Hurricane.

The series 2 with four Hispano cannons would become the Mark IIC. A tropical version of the Mark II was developed for service in the North African theatre of operations alongside naval versions designated Sea Hurricane and cannon-armed versions, such as the Mark IID and Mark IV. The latter showed that as the war progressed, the fighter role was abandoned in favour of a more suitable attack role.

Whilst the Hurricane was no longer effectively employed in its original role as a fighter by the end of 1942, it would go on to serve in many other capacities until it was finally retired from the RAF in January 1947.

=== In-game description ===
Although a highly successful and popular fighter, by 1940 the Hurricane Mk I was already showing itself to be inferior to enemy fighters such as the Messerschmitt 109. Experience from the Battle of Britain had also proved that the Hurricane's rifle-calibre 0.303 machine guns were inferior to larger calibre weapons being operated by enemy aircraft.

The Hurricane I was developed by adding the 1280 HP Rolls Royce Merlin XX engine and lengthening the fuselage slightly. This Hurricane Mk IIA was further modified by adding the 'universal wing' to allow the use of under wing stores such as bombs and rockets. When a further two 0.303 inch Browning machine guns were added to each wing, the Hurricane was transformed into the Mk IIb. Whilst the problem of rifle calibre bullets still existed, the Hurricane's weight of fire had at least been increased as an interim measure whilst more powerful weapons were being refined. 56 Squadron were the first RAF squadron to be equipped with the new Hurricane Mk IIB in February 1941, and by the summer of the same year, 20 squadrons were operating the new Hurricane.

The Hurricane Mk II would see further developments in the form of the Mk IIC, armed with four 20 mm Hispano cannon, and the Mk IID which was equipped with two 40 mm cannon in under wing pods for anti-tank duties. Whilst the Hurricane was no longer effectively employed in its original role as a fighter by the end of 1942, it would go on to serve in many other capacities until it was finally retired from the RAF in January 1947.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=hurricanemkii Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|FO43ggS6wSs|'''Community Choice, Hurricane Mk IIB Trop. From anger to Relaxation''' - ''Joseph 2000''|OPcuwro8xdc|'''3 reasons to take it to low BR tank battles - Hurricane Mk IIB Trop''' - ''HowToPlay1337''|Y1G0Lb1p5H0|'''Thunder Stories: Never in a Hurri''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|K0aQxOHUTYs|'''Hurricane Mk.IIB''' - ''MagzTV''|Hk93XdqceX8|'''Realistic: Hurricane Mk IIB/Trop [Devastating]''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Hawker}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Ognevoy

2022-09-13T17:00:59Z

U111069508: /* History */ changed 'ogevnoy guns came straight out of the tashkent' to 'ogevnoy got its guns straight from the tashkent' as this made more grammatical sense

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_destroyer_pr30_ognevoy
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The hull of the ship is made of 11 mm of steel plates, while the turrets are protected by thinner 8 mm steel. The superstructure is protected by 11 mm steel. Due to the Pr. 30 Ognevoy being a destroyer, this ship is lacking in armour in favour for more speed.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

Although the Pr. 30 may be a bit slower than Frunze (38 kts vs 48 kts), you will notice better rudder performance.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|B-13 (130 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} introduces the famous Soviet 130 mm B-13 mount naval guns, found on all other Soviet destroyers up until the Spokoinyy. These 130 mm guns are a significant upgrade from the 102 mm cannons that the starter Frunze is equipped with, featuring a greater calibre and larger shells. Heavier shells also means that the ballistic performance of the 130 mm guns are superior to the 102 mm guns, and are easier to aim over longer distances. This is a consistent advantage that the Soviet 130 mm guns have over other smaller calibres such as 127 mm and 120 mm. Moreover, the calibre of these guns allows for much greater destructive capability, and these guns retain a solid fire rate of 12 rounds per minute.

While having four guns in two twin mounts is a space-efficient way of getting good firepower, this also results in a distinct vulnerability. Disabling one turret results in a loss of 50% of total firepower, and therefore the firepower of the Ognevoy is in practice inconsistent. The B-13 mounts have very little armour, and do not have exceptional rotation speed.

Three types of shells are available: HE, SAP, and HE-VT. The HE has a satisfactory filler of 3.58 kg of TNT, and compares favourably to other destroyer-calibre guns. HE is good at disabling other destroyer's guns and exposed weaponry, as well as hull-breaking smaller costal vessels, but does not have enough power to effectively damage internals components. Moreover, HE deals quite poorly with cruisers, so SAP is recommended in most cases. The SAP shell has a good penetration of 183 mm at 1,000 m and a very good explosive mass of 2.35 g of TNT. SAP is adept at destroying internal components such as engines and even ammo racks, and is the quickest way to reduce crew count of an enemy vessel. Moreover, the good penetration of the 130 mm SAP allows the Ognevoy to combat light cruisers if the Ognevoy is placed in an up-tier.

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|39-K (76 mm)}}

There is only one twin 76 mm 39-K turret, located behind the second rangefinder. Performance is mediocre against surface targets due to low number of guns. However, the mount has good elevation and can supplement the 37 mm autocannons in anti-aircraft fire. Therefore, the HE-TF shell is recommended over other shell types.

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|37 mm/67 70-K (37 mm)|DShK (12.7 mm)}}

The anti-aircraft armament are the largest improvement over the Frunze. These 37 mm/67 70-K automatic guns can engage air and smaller coastal vessels with a fair amount of effectiveness. While the 37 mm 70-K guns may not compare quite as favourably to the formidable 40 mm Bofors cannon, the 70-K is still a very good weapon against light and fast targets.

The Ognevoy also has two DShK 12.7 mm machine guns, but these guns have heavily limited fire angles and are therefore quite difficult to use.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|53-39 (533 mm)|BB-1 depth charge}}

The Ognevoy has access to six 533 mm 53-39 torpedoes in two triple mounts, and these torpedoes will sink any ship or boat at the BR range that is hit. The speed and explosive mass of these torpedoes are average.

== Usage in battles ==

The Ognevoy is a good all-round destroyer. Good guns, good anti-aircraft weapons, and decent torpedoes. Although it may be a bit slow, this weakness is well compensated by the numerous strengths. If the player is in a squad, it is a good escort ship.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent AA defense thanks to 37 mm cannons
* Can easily destroy PT boats with 37 mm cannons
* Fairly good speed and rudder handling
* Relatively powerful main battery for tier

'''Cons:'''

* Main battery is disabled semi frequently, costing you a significant portion of your firepower
* Stock torpedoes have a range of just 4 km
* First stage ammo storage is easily depleted in sustained combat
* Fires tend to lead to rapid detonations while in near stock configuration

== History ==

Interestingly enough, there is not that much known about this ship. This class of ships was intended to be an improvement over the Project 7 and Project 7U destroyers. Ognevoy got its guns straight from the Tashkent Destroyer when the ship was salvaged. Only two ships were constructed before and during WW2, while the rest was were completed following the war. The Pr. 30 Ognevoy made the way for the Skoryy-class of destroyers. The combat record of Ognevoy itself is unknown, but some sources indicate that it served to its full potential.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_destroyer_pr30_ognevoy Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|xs_3wLqHmgE|'''Pr.30 Ognevoy - In the sweetspot''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Pr.30 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[Wikipedia:Ognevoy-class_destroyer|[Wikipedia<nowiki>]</nowiki> Ognevoy-class destroyer]]

{{ShipManufacturer 61 Communards}}
{{USSR destroyers}}

RN Turbine

2022-09-13T16:54:38Z

U111069508: /* Pros and cons */ changed HE-FT to HE-TF

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_destroyer_turbine
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

RN Turbine is the second smallest ship at its battle rating with a hull length of 91 m compared to 93 m for [[Leopard]] or 98 m for the Soviet [[Frunze]].

The hull is lined with 16 mm steel, in combination with Turbine's small stature this creates a perfect combination of a tough and small ship, perfect for dueling foes.

Her crew consists of 179 sailors which makes her the top vessel with the most crew members at her battle rating. In second place is Frunze with 168 and in third place is [[USS Barker]] with 150.

These ships mentioned above will be the most commonly encountered in battle, along with Type 1924 Leopard. The advantage is that all three have one thing in common, they all have little protection on the main hold.

Barker and Leopard are the most vulnerable because right next to the hold they have the main fuel tank, something the Frunze does not have.

Unfortunately, RN Turbine also suffers from this small but important problem, because during combat the front of the ship is one of the most vulnerable. To remedy this flaw, it is recommended to angle the ship slightly to the left or right (to keep the profile of the ship smaller) in the direction of enemy fire, so enemy projectiles do not find a flat surface to penetrate and blow up the main hold, knocking the ship out of battle!

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

RN Turbine is equipped with 2 powerful turbines delivering 40,000 horsepower, allowing it to travel at 36 knots (66 km/h). Its draught of only 3 m makes it very agile even at its maximum speed. Its rudder can turn from left to right and vice versa in just 5 seconds.

The advantage of being small and wide increases the stability of the ship even in case of a sudden turn. RN Turbine is able to stop completely from maximum speed in 32 seconds and its maximum speed in reverse is -14 knots (-26 km/h).

{{NavalMobility
|SpeedForwardStockAB = 82
|SpeedBackStockAB = 32
|TurnTimeStockAB = 58.767
|TurnSpeedStockAB = 43.5
|SpeedForwardStockRB = 67
|SpeedBackStockRB = 26
|TurnTimeStockRB = 78.966
|TurnSpeedStockRB = 47
}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)}}

First produced by Ansaldo in 1926, this gun was continually modified during the 1930s by both Ansaldo and Odero-Terni-Orlando (OTO).

The 120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 in the double mounts suffered from excessive dispersion which seems to be the result of mounting the barrels too close together. On later destroyers, a single 120 mm/50 (4.7") mount was used to replace the obsolete 120 mm/15 (4.7") star howitzers, thus improving the ship's firepower.

In combat this type of weapon is very strong at its battle rating, as it offers HE, APHE, and HE-TF ammunition.

The speed of the rounds are 850 m/s and have a reload of 8.2 seconds. HE and HE-TF have an explosive mass of 2.39 kg and APHE 1.16 kg.

The HE shells which RN Turbine can use are currently the most explosive, the [[Frunze]] only has 2.1 kg, [[Leopard]] has 2 kg, the [[IJN Mutsuki]] 1.86 kg, the [[USS Litchfield]] 1.23 kg and the [[HMS Churchill]] with only 721 g. The great velocity of its rounds guarantees an almighty success in long-distance fights.

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)}}

Introduced into the Royal Navy in March 1915 as a large calibre MG AA. These guns used 25-round fabric belts, which are used only in single mounts. Britain produced a total of 795 cannons of which 577 were still available in 1939.

The original Mark II design was prone to many defects and the Mark II* was a modified version that improved reliability.

Stoppages and jams were still common in these models as the bullets slipped out of their mounts and the fabric belts which carried them often tore. The Mark II*C was another modification that used a 14-shot steel-link belt instead of the fabric belt. These steel-mesh belts were also used on the later 2-pdr. Mark VIIIs.

About 50 of these guns were sold to the Italian Navy. They were then manufactured under license by Terni (Italy) until the early 1930s. The Terni version used a 50-round ammunition box.

RN Turbine is equipped with no less than three 40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 guns, 2 in the center and 1 in the rear of the ship.

This positioning guarantees complete aerial coverage within a radius of 1.1 km. Unfortunately, their short range limits the air defense of the ship, but as soon as an air target enters the maximum effective range of these anti-aircraft guns, i.e. 800 m, the aircraft will be instantly neutralized by the HE-TF rounds which use 31 g of explosive.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|S.I. 250/533,4X7,5 Tipo A (533 mm)|Bollo P.125/1932 mine}}

RN Turbine is equipped with 6 torpedoes [[S.I. 250/533,4X7,5 Tipo A (533 mm)|S.I. 250/533,4X7,5 Type A (533 mm)]] and 52 [[Bollo P.125/1932 mine|Bollo P.125/1932 mines]].

The torpedo launchers are arranged in a linear fashion in the central part of the ship and have a range of 180 degrees on both sides of the ship.

The torpedoes without the improved torpedo modification have a range of 4 km and travel at 76 km/h, while with the modification installed the torpedoes increase the range to 12 km, however their speed is reduced to 48 km/h.

These torpedoes have a mass of 1,781 kg and inside they contain 250 kg of explosives. After their launch, they need 50 metres to arm themselves and become completely destructive.

The 52 mines are positioned at the rear of the ships carried on rails that start from the middle of the ship and go all the way to the stern.

The mines in question have a mass of 221 kg of which 125 kg of explosives alone, once released into the sea these mines will stay stationary to float and will not detonate until a ship goes very close.

== Usage in battles ==

RN Turbine at its battle level has a good armament composed of 4 [[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]], which can cause a lot of damage to enemy ships. HE can destroy enemy boats with one shot, APHE projectiles can cause massive damage and destroy enemy ships such as destroyers in a few shots, targeting their unarmoured or weakly protected areas.

Using the main armament as if it were anti-aircraft, you can use the HE-TF as these shots explode near the aerial target, based on the distance calculated by the crew of the ship, causing its destruction or severe critical damage. The only problem with the main guns is the reload time of 8.5 seconds. The ship has only 3 anti-aircraft guns ([[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod. 1915 /1917]]) which are very powerful but their range is very low, which consequently reduces their effectiveness.

RN Turbine is the smallest reserve of all the reserve bluewater ships in the game. The ship has good speed and manoeuvrability which makes it capable of dodging enemy torpedoes. The ship can also carry mines and torpedoes, mines are deadly and can cause severe damage to destroyers making them sink very fast, while torpedoes can be modified with torpedo mode. From stock the torpedoes reach a distance of 4 km and have a speed of 76 km/h while if you use the torpedo mode modification they become much slower (48 km/h), while the distance is increased to 12 km.

RN Turbine must be used as a support ship or for side attacks; its cannons fire slowly but cause serious damage to enemy ships. It is not recommended to go to the front lines because enemies have the ability to easily destroy RN Turbine with a single well-placed shot between the main hold and the tank. The ship is also very small so it is a difficult target to hit, especially over long distances.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Largest naval mine payload at its rank
* Effective primary armament ([[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]]) and choice of ammunition (APHE, HE, HE-TF)
* Good survivability (large crew)
* Good speed (67 km/h)
* Good manoeuvrability (circa 45 seconds for a complete circle)

'''Cons:'''

* Lacks protection
* Slow reload for the primary armament it reloads in 8,5 seconds
* Slow turn rate of AA guns with [[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917]]
* Short range AA guns with [[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917]]
* The ammo rack can explode easily when hit, causing the ship to explode
* Carrying mines, if the ship is hit in the mine they will do an ammo rack explosion on the ship resulting in the total destruction of RN Turbine

== History ==

=== Turbine-class ===
The Turbine-class comprised 8 destroyers named after winds (Turbine, Borea, Nembo, [[RN Aquilone|Aquilone]], Euro, Espero, Zeffiro, and Ostro). It was one of the first classes of military ships after the First World War. This class succeeded fairly well, they had 2 twin turrets with [[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]] guns with 6 torpedoes for auxiliary armament.

They fought in the war, but suffered 6 losses by 1940 and the other 2 sank after the armistice of 8 September.

The Turbine-class ships presented characteristics that can be defined as intermediate between the ships of the first post-war period and those of the 1930s. They were launched in 1927-28, and compared to their predecessors had a hull lengthened by 3 m, so as to be able to accommodate a 10% more powerful propulsion apparatus.

Propulsion was given by 2 groups of steam turbines on 2 axles, each on a funnel of different sizes (the front funnel was larger) with a modest 40,000 horsepower. The torpedo launchers were 2 triple mounts of 533 mm, there were also depth charges and, similarly to the other ships of the type in service in the Regia Marina, up to 50 mines could be carried.

The main armament was based on 2 twin turrets of [[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]] cannons.The twin cannons allowed for a much more compact design of the ships than 4 single installations, and certainly also contributed to the aesthetic harmony of the design, more compact and powerful, but the cannons very close together interfered with each other during fire, causing a dispersion of fire that haunted the naval engineers throughout the war.

Turbine-class ships:

* RN Turbine (1927)
* RN Borea (1927)
* RN Nembo (1927)
* [[RN Aquilone]] (1927)
* RN Euro (1927)
* RN Espero (1928)
* RN Zeffiro (1928)
* RN Ostro (1928)

=== RN Turbine ===
[[File:RN Turbine (1927) (3).png|thumb|RN Turbine during military exercises]]
On 24 March 1925 RN Turbine was laid down at the shipyard construction site Oderno (Genoa). It was launched on 21 April 1927, and entered into service on 27 August.

In 1932, Turbine was one of the first units of the Regia Marina to receive a fire control unit of the "Galileo-Bergamini" type, designed by the then Captain Carlo Bergamini.

In 1934, RN Turbine, Aquilone, Nembo, and Euro formed the VIIIa Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere (VIII Destroyer Squadron) and with IVa Squadriglia, it was attached to the II Divisione Navale (II Naval Division), composed by heavy cruisers Fiume and Gorizia and framed in the 1a Squadra Navale (1st Naval Squad).

It took part in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) to counter the smuggling of supplies for the Spanish republican troops. During these operations, on 30 August 1937, RN Turbine torpedoed and sank the Soviet steamship Tymiryazev with the help of its sister RN Ostro.

At the entrance of Italy in the Second World War, Turbine, together with its sister ships RN Euro, Nembo, and Aquilone, composed the I Destroyer Squadron based in Tobruk.
[[File:RN Turbine (1927) (1).png|thumb|RN Turbine during speed tests]]
During the night between 13 and 14 June 1940, RN Turbine and the destroyer RN Strale carried out an anti-submarine hunting mission in the Gulf of Taranto.

On 19 June, RN Turbine sank the British submarine Orpheus.

In the night between 16 and 17 September, RN Turbine was moored next to Aquilone at the main pier of the port of Benghazi, when the latter was bombed by nine aircraft of the 815th Squadron launched from the aircraft carrier HMS Illustrious: in this attack the destroyer RN Borea and the steamers Maria Eugenia and Gloriastella were sunk.

Some other units were damaged, though not critically. RN Turbine was hit in the aft rangefinder by two big pieces of shrapnel projected by the explosions on Maria Eugenia; the result was the disablement of the stern fire control equipment and the wounding of 6 men.

On 17 September, RN Turbine and Aquilone received orders to move to Tripoli and sailed at 20:15 directly to that base, but half an hour later RN Aquilone hit two mines and began to sink.

Initially it was not understood what had provoked the explosions and, fearing another attack from the sky, Turbine accelerated and began to zigzag, and then tried to contact its sister unit, from which there was no answer; before RN Turbine could reverse course, it was ordered to continue to Tripoli, to avoid being hit by ordnance during its turn.

On 4 July 1942, RN Turbine escorted a convoy composed by the motorboats Ankara, Nino Bixio and Sestriere, together with the destroyers Corsaro, Legionario, Folgore, Grecale, and Saetta, as well as the torpedo boats Partenope and Calliope; the ships reached their destination in spite of numerous air attacks; on that occasion there was also the first attack conducted by American aircraft against Italian units (it was an attack by Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers).
[[File:RN Turbine (1927) (2).png|thumb|RN Turbine in a convoy]]
In the last phase of the war it was employed in the Aegean.

In 1943, at the proclamation of the armistice, RN Turbine was in Piraeus. The crew initially rejoiced at the news, thinking that the ship would return home; while the crews of two tugboats came on board asking to be allowed to return to Italy with RN Turbine, the order was given to put the boilers under pressure.

At nine o'clock in the evening the commander of the destroyer, temporarily absent for shore engagements, returned aboard the ship, while the initial jubilation was replaced by concern: communications between RN Turbine and the other ships had failed, and the crew was sent to battle stations, while the ship was positioned in the channel leading to the port.

A few minutes after midnight, the commander of the German minelayer Drache came aboard RN Turbine and explained that the Italian destroyer was under fire from German 150 mm coastal batteries, which would open fire if the unit attempted to leave; in addition, Drache had just laid a new minefield outside the harbor.

Moreover, even if the destroyer had managed to get away unscathed, it would have been attacked by Luftwaffe aircraft stationed in Athens as the sun rose. At dawn, having ascertained the truth of this fact, the crew prepared to scuttle the ship, while the commander went ashore; at ten o'clock in the morning the order to turn off the boilers was received, while at 11:20 the commander returned aboard RN Turbine and explained that the command of the Italian troops in Greece had ordered to deliver the ship intact to the Kriegsmarine.

On September 9, 1943 the ship was delivered intact by its crew to the German troops; some members of the crew opted to remain on board and continue to fight with the Germans, while most of the staff, after having disembarked on the promise of a safe return to Italy, were sent to prison camps in Germany and Poland.

Incorporated into the Kriegsmarine, RN Turbine assumed the new name TA 14.

After a refit, the Germans added 20 mm machine guns to the ship, it was assigned to the 9th Torpedo Flotilla and took part in the occupation of Rhodes at the end of 1943, then it was employed in the Aegean with escort duties.

On 1 February 1944, it was hit with rockets and damaged by British aircraft. Repaired at Salamina, it briefly resumed escort duty. On June 19, while in Portolago (Leros), it was again damaged by explosive charges placed by British raiders.

On 16 September 1944, while in Salamina for repairs, it was hit by bombs and sunk during an American aerial bombardment.

Since the entry into service of RN Turbine, in the long convoy war 1940-1943, in addition to the sinking of the Orpheus, five enemy torpedo bombers were shot down.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_destroyer_turbine Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Zt6JJt5uYgs|'''The Shooting Range #228''' - ''Triathlon'' section at 8:55 compares the reserve destroyers.}}

== See also ==


* [[RN Aquilone]]
* [[RN Dardo]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{ShipManufacturer OTO}}
{{Italy destroyers}}

RN Turbine

2022-09-13T16:53:57Z

U111069508: /* Usage in battles */ changed HE-FT to HE-TF

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_destroyer_turbine
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

RN Turbine is the second smallest ship at its battle rating with a hull length of 91 m compared to 93 m for [[Leopard]] or 98 m for the Soviet [[Frunze]].

The hull is lined with 16 mm steel, in combination with Turbine's small stature this creates a perfect combination of a tough and small ship, perfect for dueling foes.

Her crew consists of 179 sailors which makes her the top vessel with the most crew members at her battle rating. In second place is Frunze with 168 and in third place is [[USS Barker]] with 150.

These ships mentioned above will be the most commonly encountered in battle, along with Type 1924 Leopard. The advantage is that all three have one thing in common, they all have little protection on the main hold.

Barker and Leopard are the most vulnerable because right next to the hold they have the main fuel tank, something the Frunze does not have.

Unfortunately, RN Turbine also suffers from this small but important problem, because during combat the front of the ship is one of the most vulnerable. To remedy this flaw, it is recommended to angle the ship slightly to the left or right (to keep the profile of the ship smaller) in the direction of enemy fire, so enemy projectiles do not find a flat surface to penetrate and blow up the main hold, knocking the ship out of battle!

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

RN Turbine is equipped with 2 powerful turbines delivering 40,000 horsepower, allowing it to travel at 36 knots (66 km/h). Its draught of only 3 m makes it very agile even at its maximum speed. Its rudder can turn from left to right and vice versa in just 5 seconds.

The advantage of being small and wide increases the stability of the ship even in case of a sudden turn. RN Turbine is able to stop completely from maximum speed in 32 seconds and its maximum speed in reverse is -14 knots (-26 km/h).

{{NavalMobility
|SpeedForwardStockAB = 82
|SpeedBackStockAB = 32
|TurnTimeStockAB = 58.767
|TurnSpeedStockAB = 43.5
|SpeedForwardStockRB = 67
|SpeedBackStockRB = 26
|TurnTimeStockRB = 78.966
|TurnSpeedStockRB = 47
}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)}}

First produced by Ansaldo in 1926, this gun was continually modified during the 1930s by both Ansaldo and Odero-Terni-Orlando (OTO).

The 120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 in the double mounts suffered from excessive dispersion which seems to be the result of mounting the barrels too close together. On later destroyers, a single 120 mm/50 (4.7") mount was used to replace the obsolete 120 mm/15 (4.7") star howitzers, thus improving the ship's firepower.

In combat this type of weapon is very strong at its battle rating, as it offers HE, APHE, and HE-TF ammunition.

The speed of the rounds are 850 m/s and have a reload of 8.2 seconds. HE and HE-TF have an explosive mass of 2.39 kg and APHE 1.16 kg.

The HE shells which RN Turbine can use are currently the most explosive, the [[Frunze]] only has 2.1 kg, [[Leopard]] has 2 kg, the [[IJN Mutsuki]] 1.86 kg, the [[USS Litchfield]] 1.23 kg and the [[HMS Churchill]] with only 721 g. The great velocity of its rounds guarantees an almighty success in long-distance fights.

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)}}

Introduced into the Royal Navy in March 1915 as a large calibre MG AA. These guns used 25-round fabric belts, which are used only in single mounts. Britain produced a total of 795 cannons of which 577 were still available in 1939.

The original Mark II design was prone to many defects and the Mark II* was a modified version that improved reliability.

Stoppages and jams were still common in these models as the bullets slipped out of their mounts and the fabric belts which carried them often tore. The Mark II*C was another modification that used a 14-shot steel-link belt instead of the fabric belt. These steel-mesh belts were also used on the later 2-pdr. Mark VIIIs.

About 50 of these guns were sold to the Italian Navy. They were then manufactured under license by Terni (Italy) until the early 1930s. The Terni version used a 50-round ammunition box.

RN Turbine is equipped with no less than three 40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 guns, 2 in the center and 1 in the rear of the ship.

This positioning guarantees complete aerial coverage within a radius of 1.1 km. Unfortunately, their short range limits the air defense of the ship, but as soon as an air target enters the maximum effective range of these anti-aircraft guns, i.e. 800 m, the aircraft will be instantly neutralized by the HE-TF rounds which use 31 g of explosive.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|S.I. 250/533,4X7,5 Tipo A (533 mm)|Bollo P.125/1932 mine}}

RN Turbine is equipped with 6 torpedoes [[S.I. 250/533,4X7,5 Tipo A (533 mm)|S.I. 250/533,4X7,5 Type A (533 mm)]] and 52 [[Bollo P.125/1932 mine|Bollo P.125/1932 mines]].

The torpedo launchers are arranged in a linear fashion in the central part of the ship and have a range of 180 degrees on both sides of the ship.

The torpedoes without the improved torpedo modification have a range of 4 km and travel at 76 km/h, while with the modification installed the torpedoes increase the range to 12 km, however their speed is reduced to 48 km/h.

These torpedoes have a mass of 1,781 kg and inside they contain 250 kg of explosives. After their launch, they need 50 metres to arm themselves and become completely destructive.

The 52 mines are positioned at the rear of the ships carried on rails that start from the middle of the ship and go all the way to the stern.

The mines in question have a mass of 221 kg of which 125 kg of explosives alone, once released into the sea these mines will stay stationary to float and will not detonate until a ship goes very close.

== Usage in battles ==

RN Turbine at its battle level has a good armament composed of 4 [[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]], which can cause a lot of damage to enemy ships. HE can destroy enemy boats with one shot, APHE projectiles can cause massive damage and destroy enemy ships such as destroyers in a few shots, targeting their unarmoured or weakly protected areas.

Using the main armament as if it were anti-aircraft, you can use the HE-TF as these shots explode near the aerial target, based on the distance calculated by the crew of the ship, causing its destruction or severe critical damage. The only problem with the main guns is the reload time of 8.5 seconds. The ship has only 3 anti-aircraft guns ([[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod. 1915 /1917]]) which are very powerful but their range is very low, which consequently reduces their effectiveness.

RN Turbine is the smallest reserve of all the reserve bluewater ships in the game. The ship has good speed and manoeuvrability which makes it capable of dodging enemy torpedoes. The ship can also carry mines and torpedoes, mines are deadly and can cause severe damage to destroyers making them sink very fast, while torpedoes can be modified with torpedo mode. From stock the torpedoes reach a distance of 4 km and have a speed of 76 km/h while if you use the torpedo mode modification they become much slower (48 km/h), while the distance is increased to 12 km.

RN Turbine must be used as a support ship or for side attacks; its cannons fire slowly but cause serious damage to enemy ships. It is not recommended to go to the front lines because enemies have the ability to easily destroy RN Turbine with a single well-placed shot between the main hold and the tank. The ship is also very small so it is a difficult target to hit, especially over long distances.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Largest naval mine payload at its rank
* Effective primary armament ([[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]]) and choice of ammunition (APHE, HE, HE-FT)
* Good survivability (large crew)
* Good speed (67 km/h)
* Good manoeuvrability (circa 45 seconds for a complete circle)

'''Cons:'''

* Lacks protection
* Slow reload for the primary armament it reloads in 8,5 seconds
* Slow turn rate of AA guns with [[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917]]
* Short range AA guns with [[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917]]
* The ammo rack can explode easily when hit, causing the ship to explode
* Carrying mines, if the ship is hit in the mine they will do an ammo rack explosion on the ship resulting in the total destruction of RN Turbine

== History ==

=== Turbine-class ===
The Turbine-class comprised 8 destroyers named after winds (Turbine, Borea, Nembo, [[RN Aquilone|Aquilone]], Euro, Espero, Zeffiro, and Ostro). It was one of the first classes of military ships after the First World War. This class succeeded fairly well, they had 2 twin turrets with [[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]] guns with 6 torpedoes for auxiliary armament.

They fought in the war, but suffered 6 losses by 1940 and the other 2 sank after the armistice of 8 September.

The Turbine-class ships presented characteristics that can be defined as intermediate between the ships of the first post-war period and those of the 1930s. They were launched in 1927-28, and compared to their predecessors had a hull lengthened by 3 m, so as to be able to accommodate a 10% more powerful propulsion apparatus.

Propulsion was given by 2 groups of steam turbines on 2 axles, each on a funnel of different sizes (the front funnel was larger) with a modest 40,000 horsepower. The torpedo launchers were 2 triple mounts of 533 mm, there were also depth charges and, similarly to the other ships of the type in service in the Regia Marina, up to 50 mines could be carried.

The main armament was based on 2 twin turrets of [[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]] cannons.The twin cannons allowed for a much more compact design of the ships than 4 single installations, and certainly also contributed to the aesthetic harmony of the design, more compact and powerful, but the cannons very close together interfered with each other during fire, causing a dispersion of fire that haunted the naval engineers throughout the war.

Turbine-class ships:

* RN Turbine (1927)
* RN Borea (1927)
* RN Nembo (1927)
* [[RN Aquilone]] (1927)
* RN Euro (1927)
* RN Espero (1928)
* RN Zeffiro (1928)
* RN Ostro (1928)

=== RN Turbine ===
[[File:RN Turbine (1927) (3).png|thumb|RN Turbine during military exercises]]
On 24 March 1925 RN Turbine was laid down at the shipyard construction site Oderno (Genoa). It was launched on 21 April 1927, and entered into service on 27 August.

In 1932, Turbine was one of the first units of the Regia Marina to receive a fire control unit of the "Galileo-Bergamini" type, designed by the then Captain Carlo Bergamini.

In 1934, RN Turbine, Aquilone, Nembo, and Euro formed the VIIIa Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere (VIII Destroyer Squadron) and with IVa Squadriglia, it was attached to the II Divisione Navale (II Naval Division), composed by heavy cruisers Fiume and Gorizia and framed in the 1a Squadra Navale (1st Naval Squad).

It took part in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) to counter the smuggling of supplies for the Spanish republican troops. During these operations, on 30 August 1937, RN Turbine torpedoed and sank the Soviet steamship Tymiryazev with the help of its sister RN Ostro.

At the entrance of Italy in the Second World War, Turbine, together with its sister ships RN Euro, Nembo, and Aquilone, composed the I Destroyer Squadron based in Tobruk.
[[File:RN Turbine (1927) (1).png|thumb|RN Turbine during speed tests]]
During the night between 13 and 14 June 1940, RN Turbine and the destroyer RN Strale carried out an anti-submarine hunting mission in the Gulf of Taranto.

On 19 June, RN Turbine sank the British submarine Orpheus.

In the night between 16 and 17 September, RN Turbine was moored next to Aquilone at the main pier of the port of Benghazi, when the latter was bombed by nine aircraft of the 815th Squadron launched from the aircraft carrier HMS Illustrious: in this attack the destroyer RN Borea and the steamers Maria Eugenia and Gloriastella were sunk.

Some other units were damaged, though not critically. RN Turbine was hit in the aft rangefinder by two big pieces of shrapnel projected by the explosions on Maria Eugenia; the result was the disablement of the stern fire control equipment and the wounding of 6 men.

On 17 September, RN Turbine and Aquilone received orders to move to Tripoli and sailed at 20:15 directly to that base, but half an hour later RN Aquilone hit two mines and began to sink.

Initially it was not understood what had provoked the explosions and, fearing another attack from the sky, Turbine accelerated and began to zigzag, and then tried to contact its sister unit, from which there was no answer; before RN Turbine could reverse course, it was ordered to continue to Tripoli, to avoid being hit by ordnance during its turn.

On 4 July 1942, RN Turbine escorted a convoy composed by the motorboats Ankara, Nino Bixio and Sestriere, together with the destroyers Corsaro, Legionario, Folgore, Grecale, and Saetta, as well as the torpedo boats Partenope and Calliope; the ships reached their destination in spite of numerous air attacks; on that occasion there was also the first attack conducted by American aircraft against Italian units (it was an attack by Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers).
[[File:RN Turbine (1927) (2).png|thumb|RN Turbine in a convoy]]
In the last phase of the war it was employed in the Aegean.

In 1943, at the proclamation of the armistice, RN Turbine was in Piraeus. The crew initially rejoiced at the news, thinking that the ship would return home; while the crews of two tugboats came on board asking to be allowed to return to Italy with RN Turbine, the order was given to put the boilers under pressure.

At nine o'clock in the evening the commander of the destroyer, temporarily absent for shore engagements, returned aboard the ship, while the initial jubilation was replaced by concern: communications between RN Turbine and the other ships had failed, and the crew was sent to battle stations, while the ship was positioned in the channel leading to the port.

A few minutes after midnight, the commander of the German minelayer Drache came aboard RN Turbine and explained that the Italian destroyer was under fire from German 150 mm coastal batteries, which would open fire if the unit attempted to leave; in addition, Drache had just laid a new minefield outside the harbor.

Moreover, even if the destroyer had managed to get away unscathed, it would have been attacked by Luftwaffe aircraft stationed in Athens as the sun rose. At dawn, having ascertained the truth of this fact, the crew prepared to scuttle the ship, while the commander went ashore; at ten o'clock in the morning the order to turn off the boilers was received, while at 11:20 the commander returned aboard RN Turbine and explained that the command of the Italian troops in Greece had ordered to deliver the ship intact to the Kriegsmarine.

On September 9, 1943 the ship was delivered intact by its crew to the German troops; some members of the crew opted to remain on board and continue to fight with the Germans, while most of the staff, after having disembarked on the promise of a safe return to Italy, were sent to prison camps in Germany and Poland.

Incorporated into the Kriegsmarine, RN Turbine assumed the new name TA 14.

After a refit, the Germans added 20 mm machine guns to the ship, it was assigned to the 9th Torpedo Flotilla and took part in the occupation of Rhodes at the end of 1943, then it was employed in the Aegean with escort duties.

On 1 February 1944, it was hit with rockets and damaged by British aircraft. Repaired at Salamina, it briefly resumed escort duty. On June 19, while in Portolago (Leros), it was again damaged by explosive charges placed by British raiders.

On 16 September 1944, while in Salamina for repairs, it was hit by bombs and sunk during an American aerial bombardment.

Since the entry into service of RN Turbine, in the long convoy war 1940-1943, in addition to the sinking of the Orpheus, five enemy torpedo bombers were shot down.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_destroyer_turbine Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Zt6JJt5uYgs|'''The Shooting Range #228''' - ''Triathlon'' section at 8:55 compares the reserve destroyers.}}

== See also ==


* [[RN Aquilone]]
* [[RN Dardo]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{ShipManufacturer OTO}}
{{Italy destroyers}}