War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Magach 7C

2023-07-05T17:27:20Z

U109361351: /* Pros and cons */ added two cons

{{About
| about = Israeli medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Magach (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=il_magach_7c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Apex Predators"]].

The very last variant of Israel Magach series with redesigned applique armour, although not being the most protected tank of its era, Magach 7C still gives players the chance to fight back with its improved FCS, powerplant, new APFSDS and slightly better protection than its predecessors.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

From Magach 6 (M60A1/3) to the 7 series, aside from still based on M60s, the redesigns on the 7 series adopted a more Merkava-like approach with applique armours on different spots of the tank; in 7C's case, the hull is now protected by an extra layer of composite applique armour on the front and the first 2 side skirts, while the turret received an complete redesign from being covered by ERA blocks and NERA applique blocks to an arrow-shaped turret with extra layer of composite applique armour. While this is nowhere sufficient for APFSDS of its era, tanks with HEAT; APDS or even APCBC will have a hard time penetrating its armour, giving it extra survivability to its predecessors. The interior layout though is mostly identical to its predecessors, but the tank is more cramped with shells even with 6 shells less than predecessors- any penetrated shots will very likely detonate the ammunition located on the center mass of the tank.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 40+93 mm (65°) '' UFP'' 40+117-40+137 mm (56°) ''LFP'' || 36-70 mm ''Top'' 19-36 mm ''Bottom'' || 25-40 mm || 20-38 mm
|-
| Turret || 40+130 mm ''Turret front'' (Volumetric) 152 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 40+76 mm (Volumetric) || 28 mm || 24 mm (Volumetric)
|-
| Cupola || colspan="4" | 25.4 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,407|rbMinHp=803}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Sharir (105 mm)}}

After the introduction of the M68 gun by the US Army, Israel got the license for producing the gun locally as the "Sharir" tank cannon and later tanks were upgraded with this gun. The Magach 7C is no exception. While the gun traverse speed is slightly better, the overall performance is identical to 105 mm cannons for M60 series, although not being the best tank gun of its tier, the variety of shells can make sure Magach 7C would still have the chance to take on more modern tanks.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Sharir (105 mm)|105 mm Sharir]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 57 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+19° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 22.8 || 31.6 || 38.4 || 42.5 || 45.2 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.3 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The Magach 7C shares the same ammunition as its tech-tree predecessor Magach 6B [[Gal Batash]], although the 105 mm gun is deemed insufficient to more advanced MBTs like T-64 and T-72. However, utilizing the latest ammunition for the 105 mm gun would still give Magach 7C the chance to defeat them.

'''M152; HEAT-FS''' - The stock shell; while the shell is more than enough to defeat earlier tanks or those without ERA, any advanced MBTs it might face can stop the shell with ease with its composite armour. To make sure the best utilization of the shell, pick the targets wisely: go for light targets or NATO tanks with relatively less protection. Flanking is only viable if the tank could reach vantage points at the first place.

'''M156; HESH''' - One of the first researchable rounds for the tank; while the explosive content is more than enough to take out light vehicles or MBTs showing their sides right away, the ballistic performance hinders its long-range capability. Having the laser rangefinder equipped does help the M156 to reach targets which are in hull-down position at longer ranges. A precise hit on a weak spot can easily overpressurize enemies or cause extensive shrapnel damage to internal compartments.

'''M111; APFSDS''' - The other tier 1 ammunition researchable, it might not have the best penetration of its tier, but being a long-rod APFSDS means the it will have better odds to penetrate well-protected MBTs frontally. While Warsaw-Pact and Chinese tanks could be harder to take out, a precise hit on their LFP is very likely to detonate either their fuel tanks or ammunition racks.

'''M426; APFSDS''' - The final round and the go-to round for the tank; the Israeli equivalent to 105 mm DM63, it is among the best 105 mm APFSDS available and having vastly improved penetration to M111. This also means it can now penetrates earlier Warsaw-Pact MBTs safely even at longer ranges, but MBTs such as T-64BV and ZTZ96A can still cause major problem for Magach 7C.

{{:Sharir (105 mm)/Ammunition|M152, M156, M111, M416, M426}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''57''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 900 (200) || 575 || - || -
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle (loader) || 1,800 (200) || 600 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
| Pintle (commander) || 1,800 (200) || 600 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
| Coaxial || 2,400 (200) || 600 || - || -
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High acceleration thanks to the new engine pack
* Access to variety of ammunition (M426 APFSDS and M156 HESH)
* Good depression angle for hull-down position
* Vastly improved protection against non-APFSDS shells
* Sufficient amount of smoke grenades

'''Cons:'''

* Slow for its BR
* Rather cramped interior filled with ammunition
* Rather slow gun traverse speed to competitors
* Huge in size, can be easily identified by enemies
* Fixed 8x gunsight that hinders its gun flexibility
* Loud tracks and engine will telegraph your position to nearby enemies
* Composite screens offer little to no protection from APFSDS rounds

== History ==

The Magach 7C, or "Battering-Ram 7 Gimel" as translated from Hebrew, is the third development of the Magach 7 series. The Magach 7 first entered service with the Israeli Defense Forces in the mid 1980s. It was a radical new design from previous Magachs, featuring an uparmored hull and turret. Rather than the addition of ERA which Israel had used on previous Magachs, the Magach 7 series was given composite screens on the turret, side-skirts, and hull. These upgrades resulted in the Magach 7 sharing few visual characteristics with the M60 Patton tank upon which it is based.

The Magach 7A was the first rendition of the Magach 7 to serve in the IDF Armored Corps. One might compare it visually to the M48 Super, as the layout of composite screens added to the turret, if loosely, visually resembles that of the German counterpart. Upgrades from the base M60 included the addition of composite screens, an upgraded fire control system, including a laser rangefinder and thermal sight, and the addition of the same tracks as the Merkava Mk.1. Many of the components used to upgrade the Magach 7 were shared with the Merkava designs of the time.

The Magach 7B was an interim design, featuring a similar armour layout to the Magach 7C, however this design was experimental at the time of its development.

By the 1990s, the Magach 7C design had all but replaced the Magach 7A. The primary difference between the Magach 7A and 7C was the armour layout. Composite screens remained on the hull and side skirts, but the layout on the turret had been entirely redesigned. The turret armour now featured wedge-shaped composite screens with a fixed mantlet. These screens featured slots for the 105 mm cannon, as well as the 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun.

Magach 7s were eventually phased out of frontline service with the IDF upon the debut of the Merkava Mk.4, when they were given to IDF reserve units to replace older Magach variants.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=il_magach_7c Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Magach (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7988-development-magach-7-the-ram-hits-again-en|[Devblog] Magach 7: The ram hits again!]]
* https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/Israel/Magach-7.php

{{Israel medium tanks}}

Gal Batash

2023-07-05T04:31:47Z

U109361351: /* Pros and cons */ Fixed a formatting error. Moved the Usage in Battles text from below the "Pros and Cons" heading to below the "Usage in Battles" heading.

{{About
| about = Israeli medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Magach (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=il_magach_6b_gal_batash
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Wind of Change"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,407|rbMinHp=803}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Sharir (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Sharir (105 mm)|105 mm Sharir]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 63 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 21.4 || 29.6 || 36.0 || 39.8 || 42.4 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 13.4 || 15.8 || 19.1 || 21.2 || 22.5
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Sharir (105 mm)/Ammunition|M152, M156, M111, M416, M426}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Magach_6A.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''63''' || 48 ''(+15)'' || 38 ''(+25)'' || 17 ''(+46)'' || 4 ''(+59)'' || 1 ''(+62)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,000 (200) || 577 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle (loader) || 1,800 (200) || 600 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
| Pintle (commander) || 1,800 (200) || 600 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
| Coaxial || 6,000 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Magach 6B Gal Batash is rather unique from other M60 variants in the sense it is one of the few versions to have composite armor protecting any part of the tank. With this said, it's still an M60 at 9.3, so brawling will not be especially effective, as most enemies will penetrate your armor without issue. The best "safe" use of the Gal Batash will be to utilize the good gunner sight to snipe enemies at range. The M426 round has very respectable stats for this BR, and since it's an M60, your height will make it slightly easier to look over hills and terrain. Alternatively, one can flank the enemy, taking enemy light vehicles by surprise and protecting your teammates from enemy flanking maneuvers, whilst simultaneously holding the ability to attack enemy MBTs from the side. This tactic is generally reliable on maps with lots of foliage on the flanks, especially in up-tiers, where the effectiveness of your APFSDS round will be immensely diminished by the improved armor of your foes.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has access to the potent M426 APFSDS round
* Good power-to-weight ratio because of the more powerful engine
* LWS provides advance warning for enemy range finding, as well as laser guided ATGMs, bombs, etc.

'''Cons:'''

* Poor survivability due to cramped interior and ammo storage layout
* Composite does not stop most APFSDS rounds effectively
* Poor gun handling
* Track and diesel engine noise will often telegraph your position to nearby enemies

*

== History ==

The Gal Batash was a limited-production upgrade for the Magach 6B Gal. It featured 4th Generation composite screens on the turret and side skirts, in addition to ERA blocks on the front of the hull for protection. In the fire control system department, the Magach 6B Gal Batash featured the Gal fire control system, a laser warning reciever, and tracks from the Merkava Mk. 1.

Translated from Hebrew, the word "Batash" translates roughly "to be secure".

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=il_magach_6b_gal_batash Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magach

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{TankManufacturer Israeli Ordnance Corps}}
{{Israel medium tanks}}

Gal Batash

2023-07-05T04:30:45Z

U109361351: /* Pros and cons */ Added some pros and cons, as well as a section on how to effectively use the Gal Batash.

{{About
| about = Israeli medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Magach (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=il_magach_6b_gal_batash
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Wind of Change"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,407|rbMinHp=803}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Sharir (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Sharir (105 mm)|105 mm Sharir]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 63 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 21.4 || 29.6 || 36.0 || 39.8 || 42.4 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 13.4 || 15.8 || 19.1 || 21.2 || 22.5
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Sharir (105 mm)/Ammunition|M152, M156, M111, M416, M426}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Magach_6A.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''63''' || 48 ''(+15)'' || 38 ''(+25)'' || 17 ''(+46)'' || 4 ''(+59)'' || 1 ''(+62)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,000 (200) || 577 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle (loader) || 1,800 (200) || 600 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
| Pintle (commander) || 1,800 (200) || 600 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
| Coaxial || 6,000 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

The Magach 6B Gal Batash is rather unique from other M60 variants in the sense it is one of the few versions to have composite armor protecting any part of the tank. With this said, it's still an M60 at 9.3, so brawling will not be especially effective, as most enemies will penetrate your armor without issue. The best "safe" use of the Gal Batash will be to utilize the good gunner sight to snipe enemies at range. The M426 round has very respectable stats for this BR, and since it's an M60, your height will make it slightly easier to look over hills and terrain. Alternatively, one can flank the enemy, taking enemy light vehicles by surprise and protecting your teammates from enemy flanking maneuvers, whilst simultaneously holding the ability to attack enemy MBTs from the side. This tactic is generally reliable on maps with lots of foliage on the flanks, especially in up-tiers, where the effectiveness of your APFSDS round will be immensely diminished by the improved armor of your foes.

'''Pros:'''

* Has access to the potent M426 APFSDS round
* Good power-to-weight ratio because of the more powerful engine
* LWS provides advance warning for enemy range finding, as well as laser guided ATGMs, bombs, etc.

'''Cons:'''

* Poor survivability due to cramped interior and ammo storage layout
* Composite does not stop most APFSDS rounds effectively
* Poor gun handling
* Track and diesel engine noise will often telegraph your position to nearby enemies

*

== History ==

The Gal Batash was a limited-production upgrade for the Magach 6B Gal. It featured 4th Generation composite screens on the turret and side skirts, in addition to ERA blocks on the front of the hull for protection. In the fire control system department, the Magach 6B Gal Batash featured the Gal fire control system, a laser warning reciever, and tracks from the Merkava Mk. 1.

Translated from Hebrew, the word "Batash" translates roughly "to be secure".

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=il_magach_6b_gal_batash Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magach

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{TankManufacturer Israeli Ordnance Corps}}
{{Israel medium tanks}}

Gal Batash

2023-07-05T04:20:52Z

U109361351: /* History */ Added a brief description of the Gal Batash as it relates to history and upgrades from previous Magach 6 models.

{{About
| about = Israeli medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Magach (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=il_magach_6b_gal_batash
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Wind of Change"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,407|rbMinHp=803}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Sharir (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Sharir (105 mm)|105 mm Sharir]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 63 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 21.4 || 29.6 || 36.0 || 39.8 || 42.4 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 13.4 || 15.8 || 19.1 || 21.2 || 22.5
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Sharir (105 mm)/Ammunition|M152, M156, M111, M416, M426}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Magach_6A.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''63''' || 48 ''(+15)'' || 38 ''(+25)'' || 17 ''(+46)'' || 4 ''(+59)'' || 1 ''(+62)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,000 (200) || 577 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle (loader) || 1,800 (200) || 600 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
| Pintle (commander) || 1,800 (200) || 600 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
| Coaxial || 6,000 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Has access to the potent M426 APFSDS round
* Good power-to-weight ratio because of the more powerful engine

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

The Gal Batash was a limited-production upgrade for the Magach 6B Gal. It featured 4th Generation composite screens on the turret and side skirts, in addition to ERA blocks on the front of the hull for protection. In the fire control system department, the Magach 6B Gal Batash featured the Gal fire control system, a laser warning reciever, and tracks from the Merkava Mk. 1.

Translated from Hebrew, the word "Batash" translates roughly "to be secure".

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=il_magach_6b_gal_batash Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magach

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{TankManufacturer Israeli Ordnance Corps}}
{{Israel medium tanks}}

Magach 7C

2023-07-05T04:10:27Z

U109361351: /* History */ Added entry on the Magach 7C, as well as information on prior variants.

{{About
| about = Israeli medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Magach (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=il_magach_7c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Apex Predators"]].

The very last variant of Israel Magach series with redesigned applique armour, although not being the most protected tank of its era, Magach 7C still gives players the chance to fight back with its improved FCS, powerplant, new APFSDS and slightly better protection than its predecessors.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

From Magach 6 (M60A1/3) to the 7 series, aside from still based on M60s, the redesigns on the 7 series adopted a more Merkava-like approach with applique armours on different spots of the tank; in 7C's case, the hull is now protected by an extra layer of composite applique armour on the front and the first 2 side skirts, while the turret received an complete redesign from being covered by ERA blocks and NERA applique blocks to an arrow-shaped turret with extra layer of composite applique armour. While this is nowhere sufficient for APFSDS of its era, tanks with HEAT; APDS or even APCBC will have a hard time penetrating its armour, giving it extra survivability to its predecessors. The interior layout though is mostly identical to its predecessors, but the tank is more cramped with shells even with 6 shells less than predecessors- any penetrated shots will very likely detonate the ammunition located on the center mass of the tank.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 40+93 mm (65°) '' UFP'' 40+117-40+137 mm (56°) ''LFP'' || 36-70 mm ''Top'' 19-36 mm ''Bottom'' || 25-40 mm || 20-38 mm
|-
| Turret || 40+130 mm ''Turret front'' (Volumetric) 152 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 40+76 mm (Volumetric) || 28 mm || 24 mm (Volumetric)
|-
| Cupola || colspan="4" | 25.4 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,407|rbMinHp=803}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Sharir (105 mm)}}

After the introduction of the M68 gun by the US Army, Israel got the license for producing the gun locally as the "Sharir" tank cannon and later tanks were upgraded with this gun. The Magach 7C is no exception. While the gun traverse speed is slightly better, the overall performance is identical to 105 mm cannons for M60 series, although not being the best tank gun of its tier, the variety of shells can make sure Magach 7C would still have the chance to take on more modern tanks.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Sharir (105 mm)|105 mm Sharir]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 57 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+19° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 22.8 || 31.6 || 38.4 || 42.5 || 45.2 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.3 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The Magach 7C shares the same ammunition as its tech-tree predecessor Magach 6B [[Gal Batash]], although the 105 mm gun is deemed insufficient to more advanced MBTs like T-64 and T-72. However, utilizing the latest ammunition for the 105 mm gun would still give Magach 7C the chance to defeat them.

'''M152; HEAT-FS''' - The stock shell; while the shell is more than enough to defeat earlier tanks or those without ERA, any advanced MBTs it might face can stop the shell with ease with its composite armour. To make sure the best utilization of the shell, pick the targets wisely: go for light targets or NATO tanks with relatively less protection. Flanking is only viable if the tank could reach vantage points at the first place.

'''M156; HESH''' - One of the first researchable rounds for the tank; while the explosive content is more than enough to take out light vehicles or MBTs showing their sides right away, the ballistic performance hinders its long-range capability. Having the laser rangefinder equipped does help the M156 to reach targets which are in hull-down position at longer ranges. A precise hit on a weak spot can easily overpressurize enemies or cause extensive shrapnel damage to internal compartments.

'''M111; APFSDS''' - The other tier 1 ammunition researchable, it might not have the best penetration of its tier, but being a long-rod APFSDS means the it will have better odds to penetrate well-protected MBTs frontally. While Warsaw-Pact and Chinese tanks could be harder to take out, a precise hit on their LFP is very likely to detonate either their fuel tanks or ammunition racks.

'''M426; APFSDS''' - The final round and the go-to round for the tank; the Israeli equivalent to 105 mm DM63, it is among the best 105 mm APFSDS available and having vastly improved penetration to M111. This also means it can now penetrates earlier Warsaw-Pact MBTs safely even at longer ranges, but MBTs such as T-64BV and ZTZ96A can still cause major problem for Magach 7C.

{{:Sharir (105 mm)/Ammunition|M152, M156, M111, M416, M426}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''57''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 900 (200) || 577 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle (loader) || 1,800 (200) || 600 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
| Pintle (commander) || 1,800 (200) || 600 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
| Coaxial || 2,400 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High acceleration thanks to the new engine pack
* Access to variety of ammunition (M426 APFSDS and M156 HESH)
* Good depression angle for hull-down position
* Vastly improved protection against non-APFSDS shells
* Sufficient amount of smoke grenades

'''Cons:'''

* Slow for its BR
* Rather cramped interior filled with ammunition
* Rather slow gun traverse speed to competitors
* Huge in size, can be easily identified by enemies
* Fixed 8x gunsight that hinders its gun flexibility

== History ==

The Magach 7C, or "Battering-Ram 7 Gimel" as translated from Hebrew, is the third development of the Magach 7 series. The Magach 7 first entered service with the Israeli Defense Forces in the mid 1980s. It was a radical new design from previous Magachs, featuring an uparmored hull and turret. Rather than the addition of ERA which Israel had used on previous Magachs, the Magach 7 series was given composite screens on the turret, side-skirts, and hull. These upgrades resulted in the Magach 7 sharing few visual characteristics with the M60 Patton tank upon which it is based.

The Magach 7A was the first rendition of the Magach 7 to serve in the IDF Armored Corps. One might compare it visually to the M48 super, as the layout of composite screens added to the turret, if loosely, visually resembles that of the German counterpart. Upgrades from the base M60 include the addition of composite screens, as mentioned previously, an upgraded fire control system, including a laser rangefinder and thermal sight, and the addition of the same tracks as the Merkava Mk. 1. Many of the components used to upgrade the Magach 7 were shared with the Merkava designs of the time.

The Magach 7B was an interim design, featuring a similar armor layout to the Magach 7C, however this design was experimental at the time of its development.

By the 1990s, the Magach 7C design had all-but replaced the Magach 7A. The primary difference between the Magach 7A and 7C is the armor layout. Composite screens remained on the hull and side skirts, but the layout on the turret had been entirely redesigned. The turret armor now featured wedge-shaped composite screens with a fixed mantlet. These screens featured slots for the 105mm cannon, as well as the 7.62 coaxial machine gun.

Magach 7s were eventually phased out of frontline service with the IDF upon the debut of the Merkava Mk. 4, when they were given to IDF reserve units to replace older Magach variants.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=il_magach_7c Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Magach (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7988-development-magach-7-the-ram-hits-again-en|[Devblog] Magach 7: The ram hits again!]]
* https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/Israel/Magach-7.php

{{Israel medium tanks}}

F4D-1

2023-05-25T06:08:12Z

U109361351: /* Pros and cons */ Added to the "Usage in Battles" category, relevant information about the effects which high-speed compression have on energy retention, as well as the usefulness of dumbfire rockets in evading air-to-air missiles.

{{Specs-Card
|code=f4d_1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|market=id50188_f4d_1_usa
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''', later known as the F-6A under the 1962 Tri-Service aircraft designation system, is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} American jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Danger Zone"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/7796-event-summer-quest-en|2022 Summer Quest event]].

The last subsonic carrier-based jet fighter adapted into USN service by Douglas, the Skyray offers sufficient speed at its rank with a large wing, boosting its overall climb rate and allowing it to fly in transonic speeds without any fatal structural damage. However, players do have to beware of its outdated design of wing-mounted guns, whereas most jets of the era put them on the centreline instead, as well as severe bleeding of speed in manoeuvres due to the large wing.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

At first glance, players will notice its enormous delta wings, while this helps with its climbing speed and overall structural integrity, as well as holding more fuel for longer fights; this also means that with the help of slats and flaps, it can be a fearsome dogfighter thanks to its powerful Pratt & Whitney J57-P-8 engine with an afterburner at transonic speeds - even supersonic at higher altitudes or in a dive. The plane is very stable across all speeds and its very rare that you ever reach its redline of 1,283 km/h, although you will need to factor in compression at higher speeds (above ~950 km/h). The delta wing provides a good instantaneous turn rate, though also causes severe energy bleeding in manoeuvres, and the overall large size also means that it will become an easy target for enemy jets with higher energy. So be aware not to dogfight for too long, else the F4D-1 will not be able to gain back enough energy, even with its good acceleration, to escape from the turmoil and lead you straight back to the hangar.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,138 || 1,134 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 22.8 || 23.5 || 100.6 || 92.6 || rowspan="2" | 900
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,151 || 1,145 || 21.4 || 22.0 || 146.7 || 122.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,283  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 1,283 || N/A || 1,283 || ~9 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 850 || < 700 || < 700 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Pratt & Whitney J57P8 || 1
| colspan="2" | 7,245 kg || colspan="2" | 190 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 7m fuel || 20m fuel || 25m fuel
|-
| 2,122 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 7,811 kg || 8,733 kg || 9,133 kg || 10,425 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 7m fuel || 20m fuel || 25m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 4,249 kgf || 7,269 kgf
| 0.93 || 0.83 || 0.80 || 0.7
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 4,475 kgf (1,000 km/h) || 8,104 kgf (1,200 km/h)
| 1.04 || 0.93 || 0.89 || 0.78
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The only protection on this aircraft is a 8 mm steel plate right in front of the pilot; although it is practically useless against autocannons, it may sometimes save you from head-on .50 cal strafes. Another bad news is that the tanks are not self-sealing, so there is very high chance that players will not survive if set afire, unless at very low fuel - in which case they will no longer have enough fuel for an escape.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Browning-Colt Mk12 Mod 0 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Browning-Colt Mk12 Mod 0 cannons, wing-mounted (70 rpg = 280 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AIM-9B Sidewinder|FFAR Mighty Mouse}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance presets:

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 42 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 114 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets

==== Custom loadout options ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="7%" | 1 !! width="7%" | 2 !! width="7%" | 3 !! width="7%" | 4 !! width="7%" | 5 !! width="7%" | 6
| rowspan="3" width="30%" | 
|-
! FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
| 7, 19 || 7, 19 || 7, 19 || 7, 19 || 7, 19 || 7, 19
|-
! AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
| 1 || || 1 || 1 || || 1
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

Players who fly the A-4 series will feel familiar, since Douglas adopted a similar design of delta wing and autocannon on the F4D-1. Other traits are very similar as well, particularly the manoeuvrability and ballistics. While it has 2 pairs of guns on its wings, a concentrated burst on an enemy will certainly be their demise. Its overall high manoeuvrability and angle of attack (AoA) also helps to gain a slightly longer window to take out enemy aircraft, so long as you stay aware of your speed and keep turns below 950km/h, as this plane does lock up vertically in speeds greater than about 950 km/h. Beware of being stalled by manoeuvres: although the F4D can gain its speed back relatively quickly, this can leave enough window for enemies to lay their guns on your plane. So either be quick with taking down your target or evacuate from the battlefield for another attack run. Fuel is limited to 25 minutes, which goes fast when on full afterburner, so keep an eye on it.

In air-to-air engagements, the Skyray will, at most speeds, perform exactly as you'd expect. As a delta-wing, it can pull very hard, at the cost of a significant amount of energy. However, above about 900km/h, the elevators begin to lock up, and the Skyray compresses significantly. However, there is an unusual positive to the compression at high speeds: Above Mach 0.8, the Skyray will begin to maintain its energy, even without full afterburner, extremely well. It is at this point at which the Skyray begins to perform like a subsonic F-104, which can be used to your advantage when attempting to evade technically superior aircraft such as the MiG-19 and MiG-21, on the condition your energy state upon being engaged is higher.

If ground pounding is your objective, chances are players will find the FFARs useless against ground targets in ground RB and even in air RB due to its explosive content; the task is made slightly easier with the ballistic computer, but do not expect a solid kill aside from light vehicles.

In addition, while the rocket pods may not be particularly effective for ground pounding, they can help to defend against missiles which the player would otherwise have difficulty dodging, as most IR Missiles in this BR range are extremely susceptible to countermeasures, or in this case, Mighty Mouse rockets. As such, if a missile is launched in the player's direction while he is low on energy, the rockets can often make the difference between not having to pay the 20,000 SL repair cost, and being sent back to the hangar in a massive fireball.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High speed and acceleration for a transonic jet
* High AoA thanks to its delta wing, can dogfight if needed
* Access to a relatively long-range radar
* Access to four AIM-9B missiles
* Four devastating 20 mm autocannons which can be bound to fire separately
* Can carry 114 x FFAR rockets for Ground RB, or a mix of AIM-9Bs & FFAR rockets for Air RB
* High speed compression can work in your favor, as the Skyray's energy retention improves significantly above Mach 0.8

'''Cons:'''

* Relatively low velocity and low ammo count for the cannon
* Large target
* Bleeds speed severely after manoeuvres
* Elevator locks up above roughly 950 km/h
* Rather average 25-minute maximum fuel load, goes quickly when on full afterburner
* Only rockets as alternative ground-attacking weapon, and they are somewhat underpowered
* Bad rear visibility from the cockpit
* Wing rips are common while doing basic turns at high speeds, removal of the "New Boosters" modification may mitigate this to a degree.
* Failure is harshly penalized due to the 20,000 SL repair cost

== History ==

The program for F4D Skyray traces back to a German aerodynamic engineer, Alexander Martin Lippisch. As one of the pioneers of rocket-powered aircraft (the designer of the [[Me 163 B|Me 163]]) and supersonic designs, he had also been interested in many other new aspects of aerodynamics, including tailless aircraft, and one design stood out - delta wings. As part of the efforts to gain the upper hand against the Soviet Union before the end of the European Theatre of WWII, Lippisch and his designs were among part of Operation Paperclip to bring German engineers to the US.

As the tension between the two great powers rose and the creation of high-speed jet bombers such as the Soviet Tu-16 Badger, the need for a jet that could climb as fast as possible arose as well. The USN wanted a new jet interceptor that could climb to around 15 km/50k ft within 5 minutes of combat alarm while putting Lippisch's (working for Convair by this period) design into good use. Ed Heineman (also the designer of the [[A-4 (Family)|A-4 Skyhawk]]) of Douglas Aircraft Company adapted the designes for use and the prototype XF4D was built by 1951 and flew into the skies on 23 January 1951. The prototypes used Allison J35-A-17 turbojet engines, then changed to a Westinghouse J40-WE-8 with afterburner. As the tests went on, the record of top speed at sea-level was broken on 3 October 1953 by Lt. Cmd. James B. Verdin, and this also earned Ed a Collier Trophy from NAA. After its 5 years of test flights and evaluation, the USN became the first user of the F4D and stationed them at San Diego as part of the NORAD North America defense network against possible assaults; USMC and NACA (later NASA) used it as well.

As the demand for a multi-role jet rose, the F4D (by the time F-6 under the new Tri-service designation) was soon withdrawn from use as a dedicated interceptor in 1964, replaced by the McDonnell Douglas [[F-4C Phantom II|F-4 Phantom II]].

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f4d_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7798-development-f4d-1-skyray-en|[Devblog] F4D-1 Skyray]]

{{USA jet aircraft}}

Leopard A1A1 (L/44)

2023-03-31T15:23:35Z

U109361351: /* Media */

{{About
| about = gift German medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = Leopard 1 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_leopard_a1a1_120
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Leopard_A1A1_(L_44).jpg|ArtImage_Leopard_A1A1_(L-44).png}}
|store=6384
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.81 "The Valkyries"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


Players who have purchased the Leopard A1A1 L/44 should be familiar with the armour of non-premium Leopard 1s. If not, the Leopard may not be what people expect a tank to be. It was developed before composite materials were discovered at a time where HEAT shells were so effective that in order for armour to be effective, it would be so thick that it would not be practical. Hence, the designers of Leopard 1s, knowing that there was no possible way of stopping HEAT rounds, removed the concept of armour. In essence, the Leopard A1A1 has no armour. The front hull, accounting slope, is only some 130 mm thick. The turret and gun mantlet are some 100 mm depending on the angle. The [[BMP-2]]'s autocannon, for instance, loaded with APDS, will penetrate your turret and will cause major damage. Any HEAT projectile impacting the tank will likely result in instantly being destroyed. However, the engine block can at times reliably save the crew from HEAT shells. APDS and APFSDS are a different story. The armour on the Leopard A1A1 is so thin that most non-explosive-filled shells will seldom cause spalling upon penetrating the side of the tank. Frontal penetrations will cause much more damage, as the armour is just enough to cause spalling.

The ready rack ammo is stored vertically within your turret to the left side of the tank. So AP penetrations to the right side of your tank may not set off the ammo. But, 3/4 of your crew are sited in a single file on the right side. So a penetration will knock you out nonetheless. Try to take no more than 18 shells, as it will increase the likelihood of ammo cook-off. The point is not to get hit, because if anything hits you, it will go through, and it will cause damage.

In some cases, you could operate the tank backwards and use your engine block as a shield, as most HEAT shells will be absorbed by your transmission, radiator and engine, although in this position you have limited depression as the engine block forces the gun upwards. Despite these limitations, the tank can be surprisingly survivable, provided it is played carefully rather than relying on the armour. Also, it will usually take 2 hits to kill this tank, so if you are hit, pop smoke, retreat, repair, and re-appear somewhere else on the map.

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
*Cast homogeneous armour (Turret)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides (Slope angle) !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 70 mm (60°) ''Front glacis'' 50 mm (50°) ''Bottom glacis'' || 35 (39-41°) mm ''Top hull side'' 30 + 5 mm ''Bottom hull side'' || 25 mm (8-48°) || 30 mm ''Front area'' 15-25 mm ''Rear area''
|-
| Turret || 45-200 mm (0-60°) ''Turret front/Gun mantlet'' || 37-45 (21-49°)+ 10-20 (0-34°) mm || 38-52 (22-54°) + 10 (9-10°) mm 25 mm (65°) ''Bustle belly''|| 25-35 mm ''Turret roof'' 20-25 mm ''Cupola area''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* The turret mantlet has a varying thickness of 45 - 200 mm thick. It is thickest near the center.
* 10 mm of track armour added onto front hull glacis

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,286|rbMinHp=734}}

The mobility of the {{PAGENAME}} is between the [[XM-1 (GM)|XM-1]] and [[T-55AM-1]]. Forward speed off-road, expect some 40-50 km/h. The reverse is about -15 km/h off-road. The neutral steering is absolutely amazing, you are able to swivel your tank easily. The suspensions are also great, very soft with great dampening effects, so expect a smooth drive. Overall, manoeuvrability is excellent, and should be used to your advantage since the tank has limited armour.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Rh120 L/44 (120 mm)}}

The legendary 120 mm Rheinmetall L44 cannon does not fall short of its name. You get access to only two types of shells, DM13 APFSDS and DM12 HEATFS, with both being highly competitive and effective at its battle rating. The DM13 APFSDS round has a whopping 390 mm of penetration and is capable of defeating any armour of any tank this tank may potentially face, bar the [[T-64B]]. The round also travels extremely fast at 1,650 m/s, making long-range shooting and hitting moving targets exceptionally easy. The HEATFS, on the other hand, will overpressurize lightly-armoured targets while also being free of cost. The 120 mm HEAT with its 480 mm penetration is able to destroy [[Object 120]] and [[Object 906|906]] and anything that's not a main battle tank. The 1,140 m/s velocity may, however, make long-range engagements more difficult, especially when dealing with moving targets.

The L44 also features a decent reload time of 8.7 seconds stock and 6.7 seconds spaded, which is comparable to its 105 mm armed counterpart. The gun also features a stabiliser, making firing on the move a definite capability. However, it only works up to around 30 to 40 km/h. Beyond that, the gun becomes quite jittery and hard to aim.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Rh120 L/44 (120 mm)|120 mm Rh120 L/44]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 41 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 22.8 || 31.6 || 38.4 || 42.5 || 45.2 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.3 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Rh120 L/44 (120 mm)/Ammunition|DM13, DM12}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Leopard A1A1_(L_44).png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''41''' || 12 ''(+29)'' || 1 ''(+40)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} mounts one coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun and one pintle-mounted 7.62 mm machine gun. These both have particularly high rates of fire, while these are more of deterrents to helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft, as the small calibre bullets will rarely cause critical damage to aircraft, they can also be useful to clear light obstacles and crew in open-top vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,500 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (1,000) || 1,200 || -8°/+20° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

==== Arcade battles ====
The Leopard A1A1 (L/44) sports an excellent 120 mm L/44 cannon which can make short work of any vehicle that it sees without any issues. However, its armour is extremely lacking and the mobility while good is not as good as an OF-40 (MTCA) or AMX-30 Super. Playing in Arcade battles, it's best to make sure that you are always the first to fire, ensuring you get the jump on your enemies first. What's best done is to hull down and take advantage of the rather good 9 degrees of gun depression and ensuring that you are currently covering a relatively active zone of combat. With its cannon, it can be a very effective sniper or defensive vehicle as those both styles usually involves getting the jump on the enemy while remaining stationary in a concealed position. If done right, the Leopard A1A1 (L/44) can be an extremely effective weapon in Arcade Battles. It's still best to prioritize targets by targeting the most dangerous ones first in order to be of most help to your team. The tank's mobility does allow for flanking however avoid direct confrontation as much as possible.

==== Realistic battles ====
The primary role of the Leopard A1A1 (L/44) should be that of a long-range sniper and flanker. Its incredible firepower with its 120 mm gun makes it easy to engage and destroy any tank from long distances while remaining concealed and thus protected from enemy fire. The good mobility on this vehicle allows you to reach good positions to snipe from and the laser rangefinder makes long-range targeting easy. The lack of armour on this tank makes direct engagements very risky and often nonviable so keeping at a distance maximizes your chances of survival and opportunity to inflict damage. Alternatively, the Leopard can be employed in flanking manoeuvres, using its good mobility to encircle the enemy and destroy them while they are unaware, again removing the danger of enemy fire destroying your tank. If you want to take a risk, you could rush a cap circle at the beginning of a match, if you tag along with other, better armed MBTs. However, this will almost always result in being destroyed, especially since the vehicle is vulnerable to artillery.

==== German Grind Lineup (Pay-to-win lineup) ====
Some will choose to uptier the Leopard A1A1 (L/44) to 10.0 alongside the premium [[Leopard 2 (PzBtl 123)|Leopard 2A4 (PzBtl 123)]] when grinding the German ground tree. While this is workable in the 10.0 BR bracket, do not expect to light up the charts. Experienced players who do well with IFVs will see plenty of success, as the A1A1 platform behaves very similarly to IFVs with decent (although comparatively lacking) mobility. Many in-game IFVs also have slightly less mobility than the top-tier MBTs, so if you can avoid getting shot in the first place, this tank will serve you well. The DM13 APFSDS round is very strong at 9.0, and when up-tiered, this round will seldom get you killed, as most of the shots that non-pen or otherwise fail to cause damage wouldn't have done so with better rounds anyway.

Flanking is still very strong, especially when your enemy is caught by surprise or is otherwise occupied. Rushing can also be a viable strategy when working alongside teammates, however you would be well-advised to use this strategy sparingly, as many of the tanks in this BR range are superior to you in every way possible, so timing will be crucial to ensure the enemy is inclined to engage a more significant threat first, thus allowing you to achieve good positioning on him before he can engage you. For the most part, playing this tank in the 10.0 bracket will require you to stay near teammates and play a support role, or flank the enemy and snipe those who are engaging your teammates. Remember that your tank is worse than those of your teammates, so they are unlikely to prioritize helping you, should you be left in need of repairs or firefighting. As such, flanking to snipe will require good instincts, so the enemy doesn't engage you.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good mobility with excellent hull traverse and reverse speeds
* Effective gun with powerful ammunition able to defeat any opponent at its battle rating
* The reload speed hasn't changed despite its new 120 mm cannon
* Laser rangefinder
* Keeps the same good mobility, despite the 0.3 tons weight increase
* Thermal sight for gunner
* Excels at long-range engagements

'''Cons:'''

* Armour does not reliably protect against even autocannons
* No available heavy machine gun, often helpless against helicopter attacks
* Huge ammo rack in hull, any penetrating shot at the area will destroy the tank
* Only generation 1 thermals and no CITV

== History ==

==== Leopard 1A6 Project ====
The Leopard A1A1 (L/44), also known as the "Leopard 1A6" was a testbed which utilized the Leopard A1A1 hull along with a modified Leopard 1 turret, featuring supplemental armor and a modified mantlet created to accept the Rhenmetall L/44 120mm smoothbore cannon. The project was cancelled in 1987 after it was determined the Leopard 1A5 upgrade package was comparable in effectiveness at a fraction of the cost, and the Leopard 2 had been in widespread service by then, so an expensive upgrade package to bring the Leopard 1 up to the same level as more modern MBTs was seen as unnecessary.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard_1</ref>

==== The Developers: ====
Development of a Leopard 1 fitted with the 120 mm L44 cannon began as a private venture of the Rheinmetall company, hoping that such a Leopard 1 variant would be of interest, not just to the German army due to logistical commonalities with the Leopard 2 and higher performance of the gun, but also to international customers seeking third generation MBT features on older machines.

In the early 1980s, a Leopard 1A1A1 was modified with a thicker cast steel mantlet, suitable for mounting the Rheinmetall 120 mm cannon, and additional interior changes to hold the respective ammunition. Further changes were applied in early 1985, with the installation of the EMES 18 fire control system from the Leopard 1A5.

Although there were several different prototypes based on Leopard 1 outfitted with the 120 mm Rheinmetall cannon, none of them managed to justify a costly large scale upgrade effort of existing Leopard 1s. The upgrade was largely considered redundant due to the already more advanced Leopard 2 being in service.

''- From [[wt:en/news/5724-development-leopard-1-with-the-rheinmetall-120mm-l44-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_leopard_a1a1_120 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Gta_R82mUXg|'''Premium Vehicles: Leopard 1A1A1 mit L/44''' - ''War Thunder Wiki''|Vm0waTJnLrM|'''Downtiered and More Competitive - Leopard A1A1 L/44 - RB Gameplay''' - ''Jim Chamberlin''|VSCwCJOW4-Q|'''The Shooting Range #117''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:53 discusses the Leopard A1A1 (L/44).|nwskQP2t5Io|'''Leo A1A1 (L/44) - Tank Review''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==


;[[Leopard 1 (Family)|Related development]]

* [[Leopard 1A5]] - Base model of the L/44 installation

;Similar vehicles of the era that were up-gunned

* [[M60 AMBT]] - Upgunned [[M60A3 TTS|M60A3]] with a 120 mm

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5724-development-leopard-1-with-the-rheinmetall-120mm-l44-en|[Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Leopard 1 with the Rheinmetall 120mm L44]]

{{Germany medium tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}
<references />

Leopard A1A1 (L/44)

2023-03-31T15:22:22Z

U109361351: /* Leopard 1A6 Project */ formatting

{{About
| about = gift German medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = Leopard 1 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_leopard_a1a1_120
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Leopard_A1A1_(L_44).jpg|ArtImage_Leopard_A1A1_(L-44).png}}
|store=6384
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.81 "The Valkyries"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


Players who have purchased the Leopard A1A1 L/44 should be familiar with the armour of non-premium Leopard 1s. If not, the Leopard may not be what people expect a tank to be. It was developed before composite materials were discovered at a time where HEAT shells were so effective that in order for armour to be effective, it would be so thick that it would not be practical. Hence, the designers of Leopard 1s, knowing that there was no possible way of stopping HEAT rounds, removed the concept of armour. In essence, the Leopard A1A1 has no armour. The front hull, accounting slope, is only some 130 mm thick. The turret and gun mantlet are some 100 mm depending on the angle. The [[BMP-2]]'s autocannon, for instance, loaded with APDS, will penetrate your turret and will cause major damage. Any HEAT projectile impacting the tank will likely result in instantly being destroyed. However, the engine block can at times reliably save the crew from HEAT shells. APDS and APFSDS are a different story. The armour on the Leopard A1A1 is so thin that most non-explosive-filled shells will seldom cause spalling upon penetrating the side of the tank. Frontal penetrations will cause much more damage, as the armour is just enough to cause spalling.

The ready rack ammo is stored vertically within your turret to the left side of the tank. So AP penetrations to the right side of your tank may not set off the ammo. But, 3/4 of your crew are sited in a single file on the right side. So a penetration will knock you out nonetheless. Try to take no more than 18 shells, as it will increase the likelihood of ammo cook-off. The point is not to get hit, because if anything hits you, it will go through, and it will cause damage.

In some cases, you could operate the tank backwards and use your engine block as a shield, as most HEAT shells will be absorbed by your transmission, radiator and engine, although in this position you have limited depression as the engine block forces the gun upwards. Despite these limitations, the tank can be surprisingly survivable, provided it is played carefully rather than relying on the armour. Also, it will usually take 2 hits to kill this tank, so if you are hit, pop smoke, retreat, repair, and re-appear somewhere else on the map.

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
*Cast homogeneous armour (Turret)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides (Slope angle) !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 70 mm (60°) ''Front glacis'' 50 mm (50°) ''Bottom glacis'' || 35 (39-41°) mm ''Top hull side'' 30 + 5 mm ''Bottom hull side'' || 25 mm (8-48°) || 30 mm ''Front area'' 15-25 mm ''Rear area''
|-
| Turret || 45-200 mm (0-60°) ''Turret front/Gun mantlet'' || 37-45 (21-49°)+ 10-20 (0-34°) mm || 38-52 (22-54°) + 10 (9-10°) mm 25 mm (65°) ''Bustle belly''|| 25-35 mm ''Turret roof'' 20-25 mm ''Cupola area''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* The turret mantlet has a varying thickness of 45 - 200 mm thick. It is thickest near the center.
* 10 mm of track armour added onto front hull glacis

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,286|rbMinHp=734}}

The mobility of the {{PAGENAME}} is between the [[XM-1 (GM)|XM-1]] and [[T-55AM-1]]. Forward speed off-road, expect some 40-50 km/h. The reverse is about -15 km/h off-road. The neutral steering is absolutely amazing, you are able to swivel your tank easily. The suspensions are also great, very soft with great dampening effects, so expect a smooth drive. Overall, manoeuvrability is excellent, and should be used to your advantage since the tank has limited armour.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Rh120 L/44 (120 mm)}}

The legendary 120 mm Rheinmetall L44 cannon does not fall short of its name. You get access to only two types of shells, DM13 APFSDS and DM12 HEATFS, with both being highly competitive and effective at its battle rating. The DM13 APFSDS round has a whopping 390 mm of penetration and is capable of defeating any armour of any tank this tank may potentially face, bar the [[T-64B]]. The round also travels extremely fast at 1,650 m/s, making long-range shooting and hitting moving targets exceptionally easy. The HEATFS, on the other hand, will overpressurize lightly-armoured targets while also being free of cost. The 120 mm HEAT with its 480 mm penetration is able to destroy [[Object 120]] and [[Object 906|906]] and anything that's not a main battle tank. The 1,140 m/s velocity may, however, make long-range engagements more difficult, especially when dealing with moving targets.

The L44 also features a decent reload time of 8.7 seconds stock and 6.7 seconds spaded, which is comparable to its 105 mm armed counterpart. The gun also features a stabiliser, making firing on the move a definite capability. However, it only works up to around 30 to 40 km/h. Beyond that, the gun becomes quite jittery and hard to aim.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Rh120 L/44 (120 mm)|120 mm Rh120 L/44]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 41 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 22.8 || 31.6 || 38.4 || 42.5 || 45.2 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.3 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Rh120 L/44 (120 mm)/Ammunition|DM13, DM12}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Leopard A1A1_(L_44).png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''41''' || 12 ''(+29)'' || 1 ''(+40)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} mounts one coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun and one pintle-mounted 7.62 mm machine gun. These both have particularly high rates of fire, while these are more of deterrents to helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft, as the small calibre bullets will rarely cause critical damage to aircraft, they can also be useful to clear light obstacles and crew in open-top vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,500 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (1,000) || 1,200 || -8°/+20° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

==== Arcade battles ====
The Leopard A1A1 (L/44) sports an excellent 120 mm L/44 cannon which can make short work of any vehicle that it sees without any issues. However, its armour is extremely lacking and the mobility while good is not as good as an OF-40 (MTCA) or AMX-30 Super. Playing in Arcade battles, it's best to make sure that you are always the first to fire, ensuring you get the jump on your enemies first. What's best done is to hull down and take advantage of the rather good 9 degrees of gun depression and ensuring that you are currently covering a relatively active zone of combat. With its cannon, it can be a very effective sniper or defensive vehicle as those both styles usually involves getting the jump on the enemy while remaining stationary in a concealed position. If done right, the Leopard A1A1 (L/44) can be an extremely effective weapon in Arcade Battles. It's still best to prioritize targets by targeting the most dangerous ones first in order to be of most help to your team. The tank's mobility does allow for flanking however avoid direct confrontation as much as possible.

==== Realistic battles ====
The primary role of the Leopard A1A1 (L/44) should be that of a long-range sniper and flanker. Its incredible firepower with its 120 mm gun makes it easy to engage and destroy any tank from long distances while remaining concealed and thus protected from enemy fire. The good mobility on this vehicle allows you to reach good positions to snipe from and the laser rangefinder makes long-range targeting easy. The lack of armour on this tank makes direct engagements very risky and often nonviable so keeping at a distance maximizes your chances of survival and opportunity to inflict damage. Alternatively, the Leopard can be employed in flanking manoeuvres, using its good mobility to encircle the enemy and destroy them while they are unaware, again removing the danger of enemy fire destroying your tank. If you want to take a risk, you could rush a cap circle at the beginning of a match, if you tag along with other, better armed MBTs. However, this will almost always result in being destroyed, especially since the vehicle is vulnerable to artillery.

==== German Grind Lineup (Pay-to-win lineup) ====
Some will choose to uptier the Leopard A1A1 (L/44) to 10.0 alongside the premium [[Leopard 2 (PzBtl 123)|Leopard 2A4 (PzBtl 123)]] when grinding the German ground tree. While this is workable in the 10.0 BR bracket, do not expect to light up the charts. Experienced players who do well with IFVs will see plenty of success, as the A1A1 platform behaves very similarly to IFVs with decent (although comparatively lacking) mobility. Many in-game IFVs also have slightly less mobility than the top-tier MBTs, so if you can avoid getting shot in the first place, this tank will serve you well. The DM13 APFSDS round is very strong at 9.0, and when up-tiered, this round will seldom get you killed, as most of the shots that non-pen or otherwise fail to cause damage wouldn't have done so with better rounds anyway.

Flanking is still very strong, especially when your enemy is caught by surprise or is otherwise occupied. Rushing can also be a viable strategy when working alongside teammates, however you would be well-advised to use this strategy sparingly, as many of the tanks in this BR range are superior to you in every way possible, so timing will be crucial to ensure the enemy is inclined to engage a more significant threat first, thus allowing you to achieve good positioning on him before he can engage you. For the most part, playing this tank in the 10.0 bracket will require you to stay near teammates and play a support role, or flank the enemy and snipe those who are engaging your teammates. Remember that your tank is worse than those of your teammates, so they are unlikely to prioritize helping you, should you be left in need of repairs or firefighting. As such, flanking to snipe will require good instincts, so the enemy doesn't engage you.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good mobility with excellent hull traverse and reverse speeds
* Effective gun with powerful ammunition able to defeat any opponent at its battle rating
* The reload speed hasn't changed despite its new 120 mm cannon
* Laser rangefinder
* Keeps the same good mobility, despite the 0.3 tons weight increase
* Thermal sight for gunner
* Excels at long-range engagements

'''Cons:'''

* Armour does not reliably protect against even autocannons
* No available heavy machine gun, often helpless against helicopter attacks
* Huge ammo rack in hull, any penetrating shot at the area will destroy the tank
* Only generation 1 thermals and no CITV

== History ==

==== Leopard 1A6 Project ====
The Leopard A1A1 (L/44), also known as the "Leopard 1A6" was a testbed which utilized the Leopard A1A1 hull along with a modified Leopard 1 turret, featuring supplemental armor and a modified mantlet created to accept the Rhenmetall L/44 120mm smoothbore cannon. The project was cancelled in 1987 after it was determined the Leopard 1A5 upgrade package was comparable in effectiveness at a fraction of the cost, and the Leopard 2 had been in widespread service by then, so an expensive upgrade package to bring the Leopard 1 up to the same level as more modern MBTs was seen as unnecessary.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard_1</ref>

Development of a Leopard 1 fitted with the 120 mm L44 cannon began as a private venture of the Rheinmetall company, hoping that such a Leopard 1 variant would be of interest, not just to the German army due to logistical commonalities with the Leopard 2 and higher performance of the gun, but also to international customers seeking third generation MBT features on older machines.

In the early 1980s, a Leopard 1A1A1 was modified with a thicker cast steel mantlet, suitable for mounting the Rheinmetall 120 mm cannon, and additional interior changes to hold the respective ammunition. Further changes were applied in early 1985, with the installation of the EMES 18 fire control system from the Leopard 1A5.

Although there were several different prototypes based on Leopard 1 outfitted with the 120 mm Rheinmetall cannon, none of them managed to justify a costly large scale upgrade effort of existing Leopard 1s. The upgrade was largely considered redundant due to the already more advanced Leopard 2 being in service.

''- From [[wt:en/news/5724-development-leopard-1-with-the-rheinmetall-120mm-l44-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_leopard_a1a1_120 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Gta_R82mUXg|'''Premium Vehicles: Leopard 1A1A1 mit L/44''' - ''War Thunder Wiki''|Vm0waTJnLrM|'''Downtiered and More Competitive - Leopard A1A1 L/44 - RB Gameplay''' - ''Jim Chamberlin''|VSCwCJOW4-Q|'''The Shooting Range #117''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:53 discusses the Leopard A1A1 (L/44).|nwskQP2t5Io|'''Leo A1A1 (L/44) - Tank Review''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==


;[[Leopard 1 (Family)|Related development]]

* [[Leopard 1A5]] - Base model of the L/44 installation

;Similar vehicles of the era that were up-gunned

* [[M60 AMBT]] - Upgunned [[M60A3 TTS|M60A3]] with a 120 mm

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5724-development-leopard-1-with-the-rheinmetall-120mm-l44-en|[Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Leopard 1 with the Rheinmetall 120mm L44]]

{{Germany medium tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}
<references />

Leopard A1A1 (L/44)

2023-03-31T15:21:35Z

U109361351: /* History */ Added a section on the Leopard 1A6, also known in-game as the Leopard A1A1 (L/44)

{{About
| about = gift German medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = Leopard 1 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_leopard_a1a1_120
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Leopard_A1A1_(L_44).jpg|ArtImage_Leopard_A1A1_(L-44).png}}
|store=6384
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.81 "The Valkyries"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


Players who have purchased the Leopard A1A1 L/44 should be familiar with the armour of non-premium Leopard 1s. If not, the Leopard may not be what people expect a tank to be. It was developed before composite materials were discovered at a time where HEAT shells were so effective that in order for armour to be effective, it would be so thick that it would not be practical. Hence, the designers of Leopard 1s, knowing that there was no possible way of stopping HEAT rounds, removed the concept of armour. In essence, the Leopard A1A1 has no armour. The front hull, accounting slope, is only some 130 mm thick. The turret and gun mantlet are some 100 mm depending on the angle. The [[BMP-2]]'s autocannon, for instance, loaded with APDS, will penetrate your turret and will cause major damage. Any HEAT projectile impacting the tank will likely result in instantly being destroyed. However, the engine block can at times reliably save the crew from HEAT shells. APDS and APFSDS are a different story. The armour on the Leopard A1A1 is so thin that most non-explosive-filled shells will seldom cause spalling upon penetrating the side of the tank. Frontal penetrations will cause much more damage, as the armour is just enough to cause spalling.

The ready rack ammo is stored vertically within your turret to the left side of the tank. So AP penetrations to the right side of your tank may not set off the ammo. But, 3/4 of your crew are sited in a single file on the right side. So a penetration will knock you out nonetheless. Try to take no more than 18 shells, as it will increase the likelihood of ammo cook-off. The point is not to get hit, because if anything hits you, it will go through, and it will cause damage.

In some cases, you could operate the tank backwards and use your engine block as a shield, as most HEAT shells will be absorbed by your transmission, radiator and engine, although in this position you have limited depression as the engine block forces the gun upwards. Despite these limitations, the tank can be surprisingly survivable, provided it is played carefully rather than relying on the armour. Also, it will usually take 2 hits to kill this tank, so if you are hit, pop smoke, retreat, repair, and re-appear somewhere else on the map.

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
*Cast homogeneous armour (Turret)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides (Slope angle) !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 70 mm (60°) ''Front glacis'' 50 mm (50°) ''Bottom glacis'' || 35 (39-41°) mm ''Top hull side'' 30 + 5 mm ''Bottom hull side'' || 25 mm (8-48°) || 30 mm ''Front area'' 15-25 mm ''Rear area''
|-
| Turret || 45-200 mm (0-60°) ''Turret front/Gun mantlet'' || 37-45 (21-49°)+ 10-20 (0-34°) mm || 38-52 (22-54°) + 10 (9-10°) mm 25 mm (65°) ''Bustle belly''|| 25-35 mm ''Turret roof'' 20-25 mm ''Cupola area''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* The turret mantlet has a varying thickness of 45 - 200 mm thick. It is thickest near the center.
* 10 mm of track armour added onto front hull glacis

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,286|rbMinHp=734}}

The mobility of the {{PAGENAME}} is between the [[XM-1 (GM)|XM-1]] and [[T-55AM-1]]. Forward speed off-road, expect some 40-50 km/h. The reverse is about -15 km/h off-road. The neutral steering is absolutely amazing, you are able to swivel your tank easily. The suspensions are also great, very soft with great dampening effects, so expect a smooth drive. Overall, manoeuvrability is excellent, and should be used to your advantage since the tank has limited armour.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Rh120 L/44 (120 mm)}}

The legendary 120 mm Rheinmetall L44 cannon does not fall short of its name. You get access to only two types of shells, DM13 APFSDS and DM12 HEATFS, with both being highly competitive and effective at its battle rating. The DM13 APFSDS round has a whopping 390 mm of penetration and is capable of defeating any armour of any tank this tank may potentially face, bar the [[T-64B]]. The round also travels extremely fast at 1,650 m/s, making long-range shooting and hitting moving targets exceptionally easy. The HEATFS, on the other hand, will overpressurize lightly-armoured targets while also being free of cost. The 120 mm HEAT with its 480 mm penetration is able to destroy [[Object 120]] and [[Object 906|906]] and anything that's not a main battle tank. The 1,140 m/s velocity may, however, make long-range engagements more difficult, especially when dealing with moving targets.

The L44 also features a decent reload time of 8.7 seconds stock and 6.7 seconds spaded, which is comparable to its 105 mm armed counterpart. The gun also features a stabiliser, making firing on the move a definite capability. However, it only works up to around 30 to 40 km/h. Beyond that, the gun becomes quite jittery and hard to aim.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Rh120 L/44 (120 mm)|120 mm Rh120 L/44]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 41 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 22.8 || 31.6 || 38.4 || 42.5 || 45.2 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.3 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Rh120 L/44 (120 mm)/Ammunition|DM13, DM12}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Leopard A1A1_(L_44).png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''41''' || 12 ''(+29)'' || 1 ''(+40)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} mounts one coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun and one pintle-mounted 7.62 mm machine gun. These both have particularly high rates of fire, while these are more of deterrents to helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft, as the small calibre bullets will rarely cause critical damage to aircraft, they can also be useful to clear light obstacles and crew in open-top vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,500 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (1,000) || 1,200 || -8°/+20° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

==== Arcade battles ====
The Leopard A1A1 (L/44) sports an excellent 120 mm L/44 cannon which can make short work of any vehicle that it sees without any issues. However, its armour is extremely lacking and the mobility while good is not as good as an OF-40 (MTCA) or AMX-30 Super. Playing in Arcade battles, it's best to make sure that you are always the first to fire, ensuring you get the jump on your enemies first. What's best done is to hull down and take advantage of the rather good 9 degrees of gun depression and ensuring that you are currently covering a relatively active zone of combat. With its cannon, it can be a very effective sniper or defensive vehicle as those both styles usually involves getting the jump on the enemy while remaining stationary in a concealed position. If done right, the Leopard A1A1 (L/44) can be an extremely effective weapon in Arcade Battles. It's still best to prioritize targets by targeting the most dangerous ones first in order to be of most help to your team. The tank's mobility does allow for flanking however avoid direct confrontation as much as possible.

==== Realistic battles ====
The primary role of the Leopard A1A1 (L/44) should be that of a long-range sniper and flanker. Its incredible firepower with its 120 mm gun makes it easy to engage and destroy any tank from long distances while remaining concealed and thus protected from enemy fire. The good mobility on this vehicle allows you to reach good positions to snipe from and the laser rangefinder makes long-range targeting easy. The lack of armour on this tank makes direct engagements very risky and often nonviable so keeping at a distance maximizes your chances of survival and opportunity to inflict damage. Alternatively, the Leopard can be employed in flanking manoeuvres, using its good mobility to encircle the enemy and destroy them while they are unaware, again removing the danger of enemy fire destroying your tank. If you want to take a risk, you could rush a cap circle at the beginning of a match, if you tag along with other, better armed MBTs. However, this will almost always result in being destroyed, especially since the vehicle is vulnerable to artillery.

==== German Grind Lineup (Pay-to-win lineup) ====
Some will choose to uptier the Leopard A1A1 (L/44) to 10.0 alongside the premium [[Leopard 2 (PzBtl 123)|Leopard 2A4 (PzBtl 123)]] when grinding the German ground tree. While this is workable in the 10.0 BR bracket, do not expect to light up the charts. Experienced players who do well with IFVs will see plenty of success, as the A1A1 platform behaves very similarly to IFVs with decent (although comparatively lacking) mobility. Many in-game IFVs also have slightly less mobility than the top-tier MBTs, so if you can avoid getting shot in the first place, this tank will serve you well. The DM13 APFSDS round is very strong at 9.0, and when up-tiered, this round will seldom get you killed, as most of the shots that non-pen or otherwise fail to cause damage wouldn't have done so with better rounds anyway.

Flanking is still very strong, especially when your enemy is caught by surprise or is otherwise occupied. Rushing can also be a viable strategy when working alongside teammates, however you would be well-advised to use this strategy sparingly, as many of the tanks in this BR range are superior to you in every way possible, so timing will be crucial to ensure the enemy is inclined to engage a more significant threat first, thus allowing you to achieve good positioning on him before he can engage you. For the most part, playing this tank in the 10.0 bracket will require you to stay near teammates and play a support role, or flank the enemy and snipe those who are engaging your teammates. Remember that your tank is worse than those of your teammates, so they are unlikely to prioritize helping you, should you be left in need of repairs or firefighting. As such, flanking to snipe will require good instincts, so the enemy doesn't engage you.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good mobility with excellent hull traverse and reverse speeds
* Effective gun with powerful ammunition able to defeat any opponent at its battle rating
* The reload speed hasn't changed despite its new 120 mm cannon
* Laser rangefinder
* Keeps the same good mobility, despite the 0.3 tons weight increase
* Thermal sight for gunner
* Excels at long-range engagements

'''Cons:'''

* Armour does not reliably protect against even autocannons
* No available heavy machine gun, often helpless against helicopter attacks
* Huge ammo rack in hull, any penetrating shot at the area will destroy the tank
* Only generation 1 thermals and no CITV

== History ==

==== Leopard 1A6 Project ====
The Leopard A1A1 (L/44), also known as the "Leopard 1A6" was a testbed which utilized the Leopard A1A1 hull along with a modified Leopard 1 turret, featuring supplemental armor and a modified mantlet created to accept the Rhenmetall L/44 120mm smoothbore cannon. The project was cancelled in 1987 after it was determined the Leopard 1A5 upgrade package was comparable in effectiveness at a fraction of the cost, and the Leopard 2 had been in widespread service by then, so an expensive upgrade package to bring the Leopard 1 up to the same level as more modern MBTs was seen as unnecessary.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard_1</ref>

Development of a Leopard 1 fitted with the 120 mm L44 cannon began as a private venture of the Rheinmetall company, hoping that such a Leopard 1 variant would be of interest, not just to the German army due to logistical commonalities with the Leopard 2 and higher performance of the gun, but also to international customers seeking third generation MBT features on older machines.

In the early 1980s, a Leopard 1A1A1 was modified with a thicker cast steel mantlet, suitable for mounting the Rheinmetall 120 mm cannon, and additional interior changes to hold the respective ammunition. Further changes were applied in early 1985, with the installation of the EMES 18 fire control system from the Leopard 1A5.

Although there were several different prototypes based on Leopard 1 outfitted with the 120 mm Rheinmetall cannon, none of them managed to justify a costly large scale upgrade effort of existing Leopard 1s. The upgrade was largely considered redundant due to the already more advanced Leopard 2 being in service.

''- From [[wt:en/news/5724-development-leopard-1-with-the-rheinmetall-120mm-l44-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_leopard_a1a1_120 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Gta_R82mUXg|'''Premium Vehicles: Leopard 1A1A1 mit L/44''' - ''War Thunder Wiki''|Vm0waTJnLrM|'''Downtiered and More Competitive - Leopard A1A1 L/44 - RB Gameplay''' - ''Jim Chamberlin''|VSCwCJOW4-Q|'''The Shooting Range #117''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:53 discusses the Leopard A1A1 (L/44).|nwskQP2t5Io|'''Leo A1A1 (L/44) - Tank Review''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==


;[[Leopard 1 (Family)|Related development]]

* [[Leopard 1A5]] - Base model of the L/44 installation

;Similar vehicles of the era that were up-gunned

* [[M60 AMBT]] - Upgunned [[M60A3 TTS|M60A3]] with a 120 mm

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5724-development-leopard-1-with-the-rheinmetall-120mm-l44-en|[Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Leopard 1 with the Rheinmetall 120mm L44]]

{{Germany medium tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

Leopard A1A1 (L/44)

2023-03-31T15:11:54Z

U109361351: /* Realistic battles */ added a section for uptiering this tank to 10.0 alongside the premium Leopard 2A4

{{About
| about = gift German medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = Leopard 1 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_leopard_a1a1_120
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Leopard_A1A1_(L_44).jpg|ArtImage_Leopard_A1A1_(L-44).png}}
|store=6384
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.81 "The Valkyries"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


Players who have purchased the Leopard A1A1 L/44 should be familiar with the armour of non-premium Leopard 1s. If not, the Leopard may not be what people expect a tank to be. It was developed before composite materials were discovered at a time where HEAT shells were so effective that in order for armour to be effective, it would be so thick that it would not be practical. Hence, the designers of Leopard 1s, knowing that there was no possible way of stopping HEAT rounds, removed the concept of armour. In essence, the Leopard A1A1 has no armour. The front hull, accounting slope, is only some 130 mm thick. The turret and gun mantlet are some 100 mm depending on the angle. The [[BMP-2]]'s autocannon, for instance, loaded with APDS, will penetrate your turret and will cause major damage. Any HEAT projectile impacting the tank will likely result in instantly being destroyed. However, the engine block can at times reliably save the crew from HEAT shells. APDS and APFSDS are a different story. The armour on the Leopard A1A1 is so thin that most non-explosive-filled shells will seldom cause spalling upon penetrating the side of the tank. Frontal penetrations will cause much more damage, as the armour is just enough to cause spalling.

The ready rack ammo is stored vertically within your turret to the left side of the tank. So AP penetrations to the right side of your tank may not set off the ammo. But, 3/4 of your crew are sited in a single file on the right side. So a penetration will knock you out nonetheless. Try to take no more than 18 shells, as it will increase the likelihood of ammo cook-off. The point is not to get hit, because if anything hits you, it will go through, and it will cause damage.

In some cases, you could operate the tank backwards and use your engine block as a shield, as most HEAT shells will be absorbed by your transmission, radiator and engine, although in this position you have limited depression as the engine block forces the gun upwards. Despite these limitations, the tank can be surprisingly survivable, provided it is played carefully rather than relying on the armour. Also, it will usually take 2 hits to kill this tank, so if you are hit, pop smoke, retreat, repair, and re-appear somewhere else on the map.

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
*Cast homogeneous armour (Turret)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides (Slope angle) !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 70 mm (60°) ''Front glacis'' 50 mm (50°) ''Bottom glacis'' || 35 (39-41°) mm ''Top hull side'' 30 + 5 mm ''Bottom hull side'' || 25 mm (8-48°) || 30 mm ''Front area'' 15-25 mm ''Rear area''
|-
| Turret || 45-200 mm (0-60°) ''Turret front/Gun mantlet'' || 37-45 (21-49°)+ 10-20 (0-34°) mm || 38-52 (22-54°) + 10 (9-10°) mm 25 mm (65°) ''Bustle belly''|| 25-35 mm ''Turret roof'' 20-25 mm ''Cupola area''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* The turret mantlet has a varying thickness of 45 - 200 mm thick. It is thickest near the center.
* 10 mm of track armour added onto front hull glacis

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,286|rbMinHp=734}}

The mobility of the {{PAGENAME}} is between the [[XM-1 (GM)|XM-1]] and [[T-55AM-1]]. Forward speed off-road, expect some 40-50 km/h. The reverse is about -15 km/h off-road. The neutral steering is absolutely amazing, you are able to swivel your tank easily. The suspensions are also great, very soft with great dampening effects, so expect a smooth drive. Overall, manoeuvrability is excellent, and should be used to your advantage since the tank has limited armour.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Rh120 L/44 (120 mm)}}

The legendary 120 mm Rheinmetall L44 cannon does not fall short of its name. You get access to only two types of shells, DM13 APFSDS and DM12 HEATFS, with both being highly competitive and effective at its battle rating. The DM13 APFSDS round has a whopping 390 mm of penetration and is capable of defeating any armour of any tank this tank may potentially face, bar the [[T-64B]]. The round also travels extremely fast at 1,650 m/s, making long-range shooting and hitting moving targets exceptionally easy. The HEATFS, on the other hand, will overpressurize lightly-armoured targets while also being free of cost. The 120 mm HEAT with its 480 mm penetration is able to destroy [[Object 120]] and [[Object 906|906]] and anything that's not a main battle tank. The 1,140 m/s velocity may, however, make long-range engagements more difficult, especially when dealing with moving targets.

The L44 also features a decent reload time of 8.7 seconds stock and 6.7 seconds spaded, which is comparable to its 105 mm armed counterpart. The gun also features a stabiliser, making firing on the move a definite capability. However, it only works up to around 30 to 40 km/h. Beyond that, the gun becomes quite jittery and hard to aim.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Rh120 L/44 (120 mm)|120 mm Rh120 L/44]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 41 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 22.8 || 31.6 || 38.4 || 42.5 || 45.2 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.3 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Rh120 L/44 (120 mm)/Ammunition|DM13, DM12}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Leopard A1A1_(L_44).png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''41''' || 12 ''(+29)'' || 1 ''(+40)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} mounts one coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun and one pintle-mounted 7.62 mm machine gun. These both have particularly high rates of fire, while these are more of deterrents to helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft, as the small calibre bullets will rarely cause critical damage to aircraft, they can also be useful to clear light obstacles and crew in open-top vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,500 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (1,000) || 1,200 || -8°/+20° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

==== Arcade battles ====
The Leopard A1A1 (L/44) sports an excellent 120 mm L/44 cannon which can make short work of any vehicle that it sees without any issues. However, its armour is extremely lacking and the mobility while good is not as good as an OF-40 (MTCA) or AMX-30 Super. Playing in Arcade battles, it's best to make sure that you are always the first to fire, ensuring you get the jump on your enemies first. What's best done is to hull down and take advantage of the rather good 9 degrees of gun depression and ensuring that you are currently covering a relatively active zone of combat. With its cannon, it can be a very effective sniper or defensive vehicle as those both styles usually involves getting the jump on the enemy while remaining stationary in a concealed position. If done right, the Leopard A1A1 (L/44) can be an extremely effective weapon in Arcade Battles. It's still best to prioritize targets by targeting the most dangerous ones first in order to be of most help to your team. The tank's mobility does allow for flanking however avoid direct confrontation as much as possible.

==== Realistic battles ====
The primary role of the Leopard A1A1 (L/44) should be that of a long-range sniper and flanker. Its incredible firepower with its 120 mm gun makes it easy to engage and destroy any tank from long distances while remaining concealed and thus protected from enemy fire. The good mobility on this vehicle allows you to reach good positions to snipe from and the laser rangefinder makes long-range targeting easy. The lack of armour on this tank makes direct engagements very risky and often nonviable so keeping at a distance maximizes your chances of survival and opportunity to inflict damage. Alternatively, the Leopard can be employed in flanking manoeuvres, using its good mobility to encircle the enemy and destroy them while they are unaware, again removing the danger of enemy fire destroying your tank. If you want to take a risk, you could rush a cap circle at the beginning of a match, if you tag along with other, better armed MBTs. However, this will almost always result in being destroyed, especially since the vehicle is vulnerable to artillery.

==== German Grind Lineup (Pay-to-win lineup) ====
Some will choose to uptier the Leopard A1A1 (L/44) to 10.0 alongside the premium [[Leopard 2 (PzBtl 123)|Leopard 2A4 (PzBtl 123)]] when grinding the German ground tree. While this is workable in the 10.0 BR bracket, do not expect to light up the charts. Experienced players who do well with IFVs will see plenty of success, as the A1A1 platform behaves very similarly to IFVs with decent (although comparatively lacking) mobility. Many in-game IFVs also have slightly less mobility than the top-tier MBTs, so if you can avoid getting shot in the first place, this tank will serve you well. The DM13 APFSDS round is very strong at 9.0, and when up-tiered, this round will seldom get you killed, as most of the shots that non-pen or otherwise fail to cause damage wouldn't have done so with better rounds anyway.

Flanking is still very strong, especially when your enemy is caught by surprise or is otherwise occupied. Rushing can also be a viable strategy when working alongside teammates, however you would be well-advised to use this strategy sparingly, as many of the tanks in this BR range are superior to you in every way possible, so timing will be crucial to ensure the enemy is inclined to engage a more significant threat first, thus allowing you to achieve good positioning on him before he can engage you. For the most part, playing this tank in the 10.0 bracket will require you to stay near teammates and play a support role, or flank the enemy and snipe those who are engaging your teammates. Remember that your tank is worse than those of your teammates, so they are unlikely to prioritize helping you, should you be left in need of repairs or firefighting. As such, flanking to snipe will require good instincts, so the enemy doesn't engage you.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good mobility with excellent hull traverse and reverse speeds
* Effective gun with powerful ammunition able to defeat any opponent at its battle rating
* The reload speed hasn't changed despite its new 120 mm cannon
* Laser rangefinder
* Keeps the same good mobility, despite the 0.3 tons weight increase
* Thermal sight for gunner
* Excels at long-range engagements

'''Cons:'''

* Armour does not reliably protect against even autocannons
* No available heavy machine gun, often helpless against helicopter attacks
* Huge ammo rack in hull, any penetrating shot at the area will destroy the tank
* Only generation 1 thermals and no CITV

== History ==

Development of a Leopard 1 fitted with the 120 mm L44 cannon began as a private venture of the Rheinmetall company, hoping that such a Leopard 1 variant would be of interest, not just to the German army due to logistical commonalities with the Leopard 2 and higher performance of the gun, but also to international customers seeking third generation MBT features on older machines.

In the early 1980s, a Leopard 1A1A1 was modified with a thicker cast steel mantlet, suitable for mounting the Rheinmetall 120 mm cannon, and additional interior changes to hold the respective ammunition. Further changes were applied in early 1985, with the installation of the EMES 18 fire control system from the Leopard 1A5.

Although there were several different prototypes based on Leopard 1 outfitted with the 120 mm Rheinmetall cannon, none of them managed to justify a costly large scale upgrade effort of existing Leopard 1s. The upgrade was largely considered redundant due to the already more advanced Leopard 2 being in service.

''- From [[wt:en/news/5724-development-leopard-1-with-the-rheinmetall-120mm-l44-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_leopard_a1a1_120 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Gta_R82mUXg|'''Premium Vehicles: Leopard 1A1A1 mit L/44''' - ''War Thunder Wiki''|Vm0waTJnLrM|'''Downtiered and More Competitive - Leopard A1A1 L/44 - RB Gameplay''' - ''Jim Chamberlin''|VSCwCJOW4-Q|'''The Shooting Range #117''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:53 discusses the Leopard A1A1 (L/44).|nwskQP2t5Io|'''Leo A1A1 (L/44) - Tank Review''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==


;[[Leopard 1 (Family)|Related development]]

* [[Leopard 1A5]] - Base model of the L/44 installation

;Similar vehicles of the era that were up-gunned

* [[M60 AMBT]] - Upgunned [[M60A3 TTS|M60A3]] with a 120 mm

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5724-development-leopard-1-with-the-rheinmetall-120mm-l44-en|[Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Leopard 1 with the Rheinmetall 120mm L44]]

{{Germany medium tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

T-72AV (TURMS-T)

2023-03-08T15:51:03Z

U109361351: /* Usage in battles */ Grammatical edit to the Usage in Battles section.

{{About
| about = Russian medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = T-72 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_t_72av_turms
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|StoreImage T-72AV (TURMS-T) 001.jpg|StoreImage T-72AV (TURMS-T) 002.jpg|StoreImage T-72AV (TURMS-T) 003.jpg|ArtImage_T-72AV_(TURMS-T).png}}
|store=9584
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Russian medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The T-72AV is a modernized version of the Soviet-made main battle tank T-72A. The CONTACT-1 ERA on the front of the turret is no longer directly mounted on it and is instead mounted on structural steel supports that form a slight arrow shape, it is also fitted with the TURMS-T fire control system.

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull)
*Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Engine exhaust)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || '''Front glacis''' ''(Composite)'' (69°)

* 16 mm (Rolled homogeneous)
* 60 mm (Rolled homogeneous)
* 105 mm (Textolite)
* 50 mm (Rolled homogeneous)

{{annotation|80 mm|Estimated through calculation of effective thickness at angle.}}
(60°) ''Lower glacis''
| 70-80 mm (0°) ''Top'' 20 mm (32°) ''Bottom'' || 40 mm (0-60°) ''Top'' 40 mm (30°) ''Middle'' 20 mm (29-55°) ''Bottom'' || 30 mm (89°) ''Front'' 20 mm (88-90°) ''Engine deck'' 5 mm ''Engine grille''
|-
| Turret || '''Front''' ''(Composite)'' (1-76°)

* 75-140 mm (Cast homogeneous)
* 115 mm (Quartz core)
* 200-280 mm (Cast homogeneous)

150 - 400 mm (5-70°) ''Gun mantlet''
| 180 - 240 mm (0-69°) || 65 mm (1-89°) || 45 mm (66-86°) 30 mm (66-77°) ''Gunner and Ejection hatch'' 100 mm (90°) ''Commander's hatch''
|-
| Cupola || 40 mm (2°) || 40 mm (6°) || 40 mm (3°) || 40 mm (90°) 45 mm ''TURMS-T module''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* CONTACT-1 ERA mounted on turret front, hull front and hull sides present 5 mm effective protection against kinetic energy munitions, while presenting 370 mm effective protection against chemical energy munitions.
* Belly armour of the {{PAGENAME}} is 20 mm thick.
* Tracks are 30 mm thick, while suspension wheels are 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1209|rbMinHp=690}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|2A46M (125 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[2A46M (125 mm)|125 mm 2A46M]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 44 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+13° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 19.0 || 26.4 || 32.0 || 35.4 || 37.6 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 7.10
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 11.9 || 14.0 || 17.0 || 18.8 || 20.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:2A46M (125 mm)/Ammunition|3BK12M, 3OF26, 3BM22, 3BM42}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_T-72A.png|right|thumb|x450px|[[Ammo racks]] of the [[T-72A]] (identical).]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo part
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''44''' || ''Projectiles'' ''Propellants'' || 40 ''(+4)'' 40 ''(+4)'' || 29 ''(+15)'' 29 ''(+15)'' || 23 ''(+21)'' 23 ''(+21)'' || 1 ''(+43)'' 1 ''(+43)'' || No
|}
'''Notes''':

* The {{PAGENAME}} uses two-piece ammunition, composed of propellant bags (orange) and projectiles (yellow). Both have separate racks.
* Shells are modelled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* A propellant charge remains in rack 2 after it is emptied and is later fired as part of rack 3. For the purpose of clarity, rack 2 is considered empty even if that charge is still present.
* Rack 4 (autoloader carrousel) is a first stage ammo rack containing 22 projectiles and 22 propellant charges.
** This rack gets filled first when loading up the tank and is also emptied first.
** As the {{PAGENAME}} is equipped with an autoloader, manual reloading of the gun is not possible.
** Once the autoloader magazine has been depleted, you can't shoot until the loader has restocked the autoloader with at least one shell. The restocking time is longer than the normal reload time of the gun. Take this into account when playing.
** Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1 to 3 into rack 4. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready rack.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|NSVT (12.7 mm)|PKT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[NSVT (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm NSVT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 300 (150) || 700 || -4°/+75° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PKT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm PKT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,000 (250) || 700 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The T-72AV (TURMS-T) is a Russian MBT that is the mainstay in long-range engagements as the cannon is accurate at long distances. The recommended combat tactics is to acquire targets from afar with the thermal imager, use the laser rangefinder to achieve a successful hit and engage from the greatest possible distance. Avoid short-range combat at all costs.

While brawling in this tank is workable, it is not ideal. That said, the best way to engage in close-distance or urban fighting will be in a support role. Allow your teammates to push for positions, and help finish off any tanks with which they have trouble. Remember that this tank has an exceedingly slow reverse speed, so your defensive reactivity is very poor. It is best not to be caught off guard, as you will typically lose any 1 on 1 engagement in which you do not fire first.

'''Since this tank is a Premium, its use at top-tier is not surprising.'''

If up-tiered to a top-tier lineup matches, remember that this tank is perfectly capable of destroying most of the enemies it will face. However, it is imperative that you aim for the usual weak spots. Most weak points that other Russian high-tier MBTs (such as the T-80U) rely on will still penetrate, even with the technically inferior top APFSDS round. The difference will primarily be in consistency of damage. You will find yourself firing more than one round into an enemy which would've been a one-shot-kill in superior tanks. Common headaches will include the likes of the Challanger, Leclerc, and Leopard 2A6 (as well as its derivatives), which will be exceedingly difficult to destroy frontally. In cases such as this, it is best to flank, or pick a different route to the battlefield, as your armor is far too thin to stop top-tier APFSDS rounds effectively. Put simply, you have an effective gun, average mobility, poor reactivity, and poor survivability. A new player will struggle while using this tank in a top-tier lineup.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has 2nd generation thermal sights for both the gunner and the commander
* Has a constant reload thanks to its autoloader
* Low profile, easy to hide
* ERA offers excellent protection against non-tandem ATGMS and HEAT rounds
* 3BM42 can penetrate most targets even at long range and in uptiers
* Has commander fire control, enabling the commander to return fire even if the gunner is killed

'''Cons:'''

* Kontakt-1 ERA offers no protection against kinetic rounds
* Only has 3 crew members
* Poor gun handling and gun depression; ill-suited to close range brawling and fighting on uneven terrain
* Very slow reverse speed
* Hull and turret armour can easily be penetrated by most rounds it faces especially in uptiers
* Sluggish mobility
* Slower reload compared to the opposition
* Does not have access to ATGMs

== History ==

=== [[wt:en/news/6910-development-t-72av-turms-t-syrian-guard-en|Devblog]] ===
The T-72AV (TURMS-T) is a Soviet T-72AV tank modernized for the Syrian army. The TURMS fire control system, developed by the Italian company Officine Galileo, was previously used on C1 Ariete tanks. In the early 2000's, this fire control system was adopted for the T-72.

The system significantly improves the tank's vision capabilities, thanks to the commander's panoramic sight. It also features a high-quality thermal imaging gunner's sight, which allows the tank to effectively perform combat missions at night and in poor visibility conditions. By 2006, 122 TURMS kits were produced for the Syrian army.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_t_72av_turms Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:T-72AV TURMS WTWallpaper 001.jpg
File:T-72AV TURMS WTWallpaper 002.jpg
File:T-72AV TURMS WTWallpaper 003.jpg
File:T-72AV TURMS WTWallpaper 004.jpg
File:T-72AV TURMS WTWallpaper 005.jpg
T-72AV (TURMS-T) wide angle.jpg|T-72AV (TURMS-T) in Late Green Camouflage obtainable in-game
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|kVerE5W_kao|Premium Vehicles: T-72AV (TURMS-T) - War Thunder Wiki|pAXRsI9QB5A|'''Soviet Star: T-72AV TURMS Review''' - ''Sako Sniper''|X-tzo6wzwOw|'''The Syrian Beast - T-72A TURMS-T''' - ''JustinPlaysYT''}}

== See also ==


;Other Rank VI vehicles equipped with ERA protection

* [[M60A3 TTS]]
* [[T-69 II G]]
* [[CM11]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6910-development-t-72av-turms-t-syrian-guard-en|[Devblog] T-72AV (TURMS-T): Syrian Guard]]

{{TankManufacturer Uralvagonzavod}}
{{USSR medium tanks}}
{{USSR premium ground vehicles}}

T-72AV (TURMS-T)

2023-03-08T15:49:31Z

U109361351: /* Usage in battles */ Added a section which focuses on its use in top-tier lineups. It is relatively common to see these in top-tier, so this change seemed warranted.

{{About
| about = Russian medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = T-72 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_t_72av_turms
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|StoreImage T-72AV (TURMS-T) 001.jpg|StoreImage T-72AV (TURMS-T) 002.jpg|StoreImage T-72AV (TURMS-T) 003.jpg|ArtImage_T-72AV_(TURMS-T).png}}
|store=9584
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Russian medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The T-72AV is a modernized version of the Soviet-made main battle tank T-72A. The CONTACT-1 ERA on the front of the turret is no longer directly mounted on it and is instead mounted on structural steel supports that form a slight arrow shape, it is also fitted with the TURMS-T fire control system.

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull)
*Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Engine exhaust)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || '''Front glacis''' ''(Composite)'' (69°)

* 16 mm (Rolled homogeneous)
* 60 mm (Rolled homogeneous)
* 105 mm (Textolite)
* 50 mm (Rolled homogeneous)

{{annotation|80 mm|Estimated through calculation of effective thickness at angle.}}
(60°) ''Lower glacis''
| 70-80 mm (0°) ''Top'' 20 mm (32°) ''Bottom'' || 40 mm (0-60°) ''Top'' 40 mm (30°) ''Middle'' 20 mm (29-55°) ''Bottom'' || 30 mm (89°) ''Front'' 20 mm (88-90°) ''Engine deck'' 5 mm ''Engine grille''
|-
| Turret || '''Front''' ''(Composite)'' (1-76°)

* 75-140 mm (Cast homogeneous)
* 115 mm (Quartz core)
* 200-280 mm (Cast homogeneous)

150 - 400 mm (5-70°) ''Gun mantlet''
| 180 - 240 mm (0-69°) || 65 mm (1-89°) || 45 mm (66-86°) 30 mm (66-77°) ''Gunner and Ejection hatch'' 100 mm (90°) ''Commander's hatch''
|-
| Cupola || 40 mm (2°) || 40 mm (6°) || 40 mm (3°) || 40 mm (90°) 45 mm ''TURMS-T module''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* CONTACT-1 ERA mounted on turret front, hull front and hull sides present 5 mm effective protection against kinetic energy munitions, while presenting 370 mm effective protection against chemical energy munitions.
* Belly armour of the {{PAGENAME}} is 20 mm thick.
* Tracks are 30 mm thick, while suspension wheels are 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1209|rbMinHp=690}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|2A46M (125 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[2A46M (125 mm)|125 mm 2A46M]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 44 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+13° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 19.0 || 26.4 || 32.0 || 35.4 || 37.6 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 7.10
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 11.9 || 14.0 || 17.0 || 18.8 || 20.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:2A46M (125 mm)/Ammunition|3BK12M, 3OF26, 3BM22, 3BM42}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_T-72A.png|right|thumb|x450px|[[Ammo racks]] of the [[T-72A]] (identical).]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo part
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''44''' || ''Projectiles'' ''Propellants'' || 40 ''(+4)'' 40 ''(+4)'' || 29 ''(+15)'' 29 ''(+15)'' || 23 ''(+21)'' 23 ''(+21)'' || 1 ''(+43)'' 1 ''(+43)'' || No
|}
'''Notes''':

* The {{PAGENAME}} uses two-piece ammunition, composed of propellant bags (orange) and projectiles (yellow). Both have separate racks.
* Shells are modelled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* A propellant charge remains in rack 2 after it is emptied and is later fired as part of rack 3. For the purpose of clarity, rack 2 is considered empty even if that charge is still present.
* Rack 4 (autoloader carrousel) is a first stage ammo rack containing 22 projectiles and 22 propellant charges.
** This rack gets filled first when loading up the tank and is also emptied first.
** As the {{PAGENAME}} is equipped with an autoloader, manual reloading of the gun is not possible.
** Once the autoloader magazine has been depleted, you can't shoot until the loader has restocked the autoloader with at least one shell. The restocking time is longer than the normal reload time of the gun. Take this into account when playing.
** Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1 to 3 into rack 4. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready rack.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|NSVT (12.7 mm)|PKT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[NSVT (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm NSVT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 300 (150) || 700 || -4°/+75° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PKT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm PKT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,000 (250) || 700 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The T-72AV (TURMS-T) is a Russian MBT that is the mainstay in long-range engagements as the cannon is accurate at long distances. The recommended combat tactics is to acquire targets from afar with the thermal imager, use the laser rangefinder to achieve a successful hit and engage from the greatest possible distance. Avoid short-range combat at all costs.

While brawling in this tank is workable, it is not ideal. That said, the best way to engage in close-distance or urban fighting will be in a support role. Allow your teammates to push for positions, and help finish off any tanks with which they have trouble. Remember that this tank has an exceedingly slow reverse speed, so your defensive reactivity is very poor. It is best not to be caught off guard, as you will typically lose any 1 on 1 engagement in which you do not fire first.

'''Since this tank is a Premium, its use at top-tier is not surprising.'''

If up-tiered to a top-tier lineup matches, remember that this tank is perfectly capable of destroying most of the enemies it will face. However, it is imperative that you aim for the usual weak spots. Most shots that other Russian high-tier MBTs (such as the T-80U) will still penetrate, even with the technically inferior top APFSDS round. The difference will primarily be in consistency of damage. You will find yourself firing more than one round into an enemy which would've been a one-shot-kill in superior tanks. Common headaches will include the likes of the Challanger, Leclerc, and Leopard 2A6 (as well as its derivatives), which will be exceedingly difficult to destroy frontally. In cases such as this, it is best to flank, or pick a different route to the battlefield, as your armor is far too thin to stop top-tier APFSDS rounds effectively. Put simply, you have an effective gun, average mobility, poor reactivity, and poor survivability. A new player will struggle while using this tank in a top-tier lineup.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has 2nd generation thermal sights for both the gunner and the commander
* Has a constant reload thanks to its autoloader
* Low profile, easy to hide
* ERA offers excellent protection against non-tandem ATGMS and HEAT rounds
* 3BM42 can penetrate most targets even at long range and in uptiers
* Has commander fire control, enabling the commander to return fire even if the gunner is killed

'''Cons:'''

* Kontakt-1 ERA offers no protection against kinetic rounds
* Only has 3 crew members
* Poor gun handling and gun depression; ill-suited to close range brawling and fighting on uneven terrain
* Very slow reverse speed
* Hull and turret armour can easily be penetrated by most rounds it faces especially in uptiers
* Sluggish mobility
* Slower reload compared to the opposition
* Does not have access to ATGMs

== History ==

=== [[wt:en/news/6910-development-t-72av-turms-t-syrian-guard-en|Devblog]] ===
The T-72AV (TURMS-T) is a Soviet T-72AV tank modernized for the Syrian army. The TURMS fire control system, developed by the Italian company Officine Galileo, was previously used on C1 Ariete tanks. In the early 2000's, this fire control system was adopted for the T-72.

The system significantly improves the tank's vision capabilities, thanks to the commander's panoramic sight. It also features a high-quality thermal imaging gunner's sight, which allows the tank to effectively perform combat missions at night and in poor visibility conditions. By 2006, 122 TURMS kits were produced for the Syrian army.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_t_72av_turms Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:T-72AV TURMS WTWallpaper 001.jpg
File:T-72AV TURMS WTWallpaper 002.jpg
File:T-72AV TURMS WTWallpaper 003.jpg
File:T-72AV TURMS WTWallpaper 004.jpg
File:T-72AV TURMS WTWallpaper 005.jpg
T-72AV (TURMS-T) wide angle.jpg|T-72AV (TURMS-T) in Late Green Camouflage obtainable in-game
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|kVerE5W_kao|Premium Vehicles: T-72AV (TURMS-T) - War Thunder Wiki|pAXRsI9QB5A|'''Soviet Star: T-72AV TURMS Review''' - ''Sako Sniper''|X-tzo6wzwOw|'''The Syrian Beast - T-72A TURMS-T''' - ''JustinPlaysYT''}}

== See also ==


;Other Rank VI vehicles equipped with ERA protection

* [[M60A3 TTS]]
* [[T-69 II G]]
* [[CM11]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6910-development-t-72av-turms-t-syrian-guard-en|[Devblog] T-72AV (TURMS-T): Syrian Guard]]

{{TankManufacturer Uralvagonzavod}}
{{USSR medium tanks}}
{{USSR premium ground vehicles}}

T-80UK

2023-03-03T21:11:27Z

U109361351: /* Pros and cons */ added to the pros and cons list, including the noise level of the tank, the effectiveness of the ERA, turret traverse and reverse speed, and reactivity.

{{About
| about = Soviet medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = T-80 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_t_80uk
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a squadron rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Drone Age"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

[[File:T-80UK Hull armour.png|thumb|350px|5-layer hull armour on the T-80UK]]
[[File:Kontact - 5 on T-80UK.png|thumb|350px|Kontakt-5 ERA on T-80UK]]
The hull armour on the T-80UK is a 5-layer armour, which is comprised of 50 mm high-hardness rolled armour, 30 mm of textolite, 50 mm of high-hardness rolled armour, 30 mm textolite, and 50 mm of high-hardness rolled armour. On top of this armour array, there is another form of protection which is Kontakt-5, a second generation explosive reactive armour. The turret armour on the T-80UK is also covered by Kontakt-5 on the front of the turret.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,937|rbMinHp=1,106}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|2A46M-1 (125 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[2A46M-1 (125 mm)|125 mm 2A46M-1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 30 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:2A46M-1 (125 mm)/Ammunition|3BK18M, 3OF26 EDKV, 3BM42, 9M119 (T-80), 3BM46}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''30''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|NSVT (12.7 mm)|PKT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[NSVT (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm NSVT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 500 (100) || 700 || -5/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PKT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm PKT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 750 (250) || 700 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

The T-80UK is a command variant of the T-80U. As such, play styles will not change much. The most notable difference between the two tanks is the soft-kill Active Protection System, which will disrupt the guidance of any ATGMs headed in the direction of the tank, provided the turret is facing the launcher.

While the armor is reasonably good, it will fail to stop some APFSDS rounds, so it is important that you refrain from relying on it. Remember that the Armor is not meant to protect the tank -- it is meant to protect the crew. With that said, you'll find yourself absorbing a significant portion of poorly-placed or rushed shots in your direction, provided they are not from the side or rear. It is also important to remember, the ERA is expendable. Once it is gone, your tank will be left with significant weak spots that can, and will be abused by your enemies. It is best not to get hit in the first place.

'''Pros:'''

* Soft kill passive protection system
* Overall good frontal armour
* Good mobility
* Effective ERA, capable of stopping many of the APFSDS rounds you'll face

'''Cons:'''

* Autoloader carousel is a significant vulnerability
* The vehicle is loud, effectively removing any sense of stealth
* Rather slow turret traverse and reverse speed significantly reduce reactivity
* Subpar gun depression

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_t_80uk Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7841-development-squadron-vehicles-t-80uk-en|[Devblog] Squadron vehicles:T-80UK]]

{{TankManufacturer Kirov}}
{{USSR medium tanks}}
{{Squadron ground vehicles}}
[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]
[[Category:Ground vehicles with active protection system]]

T-80UM2

2023-03-03T20:57:17Z

U109361351: /* Usage in battles */ Added some tips for using the T-80UM2, along with an update on the last-remaining prototype, which is believed to have been deployed to Ukraine and subsequently destroyed.

{{About
| about = gift Soviet medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = T-80 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_t_80um2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|market=id50206_t_80um2_ussr
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (Object 219AS-M) is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Russian medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Apex Predators"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/8021-event-winter-quest-en|2022 Winter Quest]] event.

A prototype of the [[T-80U]] series for possible future upgrades with Drozd hard-kill APS onboard; the tank enjoys the same performance as the well-known T-80U in-game with superb protection and mobility, while also having the chance to intercept incoming missiles.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

From its appearance and by the name itself, T-80UM2 looks very similar to the [[T-80U|tech-tree variant]] with its iconic rubber applique armour on the turret and its Kontakt-5 ERA blocks on the hull. However, the UM2 installs 2 pairs of Drozd APS launchers with 8 rounds of interception projectiles. The base model of the T-80U is infamous for its well-rounded protection against both kinetic and chemical projectiles with up to 600 mm KE protection up front; the sides are also partly covered by extra armour. Due to the cramped interior layout caused by the design philosophy of being low-profile like most other Soviet tanks, while this lowers the chance of being spotted behind terrain, if the tank is penetrated by enemy shots, chances are either the explosion from fuel tank or the 6ETs series autoloader will instantly knock-out the tank. While late/post-Cold War missiles are a major threat for the T-80U as they now have more than enough penetration to take out the tank, the Drozd APS of the UM2 gives it the chance to intercept 4 missiles in total (8 rounds, 2 per salvo) before it has to be rearmed, making T-80UM2's overall survivability better.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,937|rbMinHp=1,106}}

Since the T-80UM2 is based on T-80U without any modifications to mobility, the tank retains the same mobility from the GTD-1250 gas turbine engine. While the single-flow transmission hinders the overall mobility, it can still push the tank up to 70 km/h and has sufficient speed for a retreat.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|2A46M-1 (125 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[2A46M-1 (125 mm)|125 mm 2A46M-1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 45 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 22.8 || 31.6 || 38.4 || 42.5 || 45.2 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 6.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.3 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The shell options on the T-80UM2 are totally identical to its tech-tree variant: while not having the highest penetration among tanks of its tier, it can still serve its purpose in taking out enemy tanks.

'''3BK18M, HEATFS'''- the most common stock HEATFS for Soviet tanks after the T-64B, although composite armour and ERA are commonplace at its tier, it has higher penetration than its NATO/Chinese counterparts at 550 mm, so it will have better chance to penetrate the sloped parts of MBTs of the same tier. However, in most cases shots that fall on parts covered by composite armour will do no harm to the target, though it is still lethal to light vehicles. So either take the enemies from the flank or aim carefully to disable enemies with the first shot.

'''3OF26, HE-FS'''- the other stock HE-FS for Soviet tanks since the T-64B, a doctrine for Soviet tanks using HE shells to doom armoured targets with its explosive contents. Due to the overpressure mechanic, tanks will have a bad day if hit in their less-covered parts such as gun optics or CITV cameras. This round is also extremely lethal to light vehicles. It is always a good idea to bring some HE alongside other ammunition of your choice.

'''3BM42, Tier I, APFSDS'''- while it is not the best APFSDS at its calibre and tier (Chinese 125-I has 466 mm penetration point-blank at a much lower BR), APFSDS does help ease the stock grind extensively with its flat trajectory and better post-penetration damage; but make sure to aim for the parts where it can penetrate enemy tanks ie. LFP and mantlet.

'''3BM46, Tier IV, APFSDS'''- if players are not satisfied with the penetration of 3BM42, the 3BM46 now has over 530 mm penetration point-blank and enjoys the same trajectory from its predecessor. In most cases this will be the go-to ammunition for T-80UM2.

'''9M119, Tier III, ATGM'''- Soviet tanks are known to be equipped with gun-launched ATGMs and the T-80UM2 is no exception; it might not have the highest possible penetration of such ATGMs, but it is a valuable option against some well-protected NATO tanks. It can also serve as a makeshift anti-rotorcraft round against helicopters within its elevation and guidance angle.

{{:2A46M-1 (125 mm)/Ammunition|3BK18M, 3OF26, 3BM42, 9M119 (T-80), 3BM46}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo part
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty*
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''45''' || style="text-align:right" | ''Projectiles'' ''Propellants'' || 45 ''(+0)'' 45 ''(+0)'' || 44 ''(+1)'' 44 ''(+1)'' || 43 ''(+2)'' 43 ''(+2)'' || 38 ''(+7)'' 41 ''(+4)'' || 37 ''(+8)'' 39 ''(+6)'' || 34 ''(+11)'' 38 ''(+7)'' || 31 ''(+14)'' 37 ''(+8)'' || 30 ''(+15)'' 30 ''(+15)'' || 29 ''(+16)'' 29 ''(+16)'' || 1 ''(+44)'' 1 ''(+44)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_T-80U.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|Ammo racks of the {{PAGENAME}}.]]
The T-80UM2 main ammo rack consists of a mechanized carousel at the bottom of the turret which carries 28 propellants and projectiles.

'''Notes''':

* The {{PAGENAME}} uses two-piece ammunition, composed of projectiles (yellow) and propellant bags (orange). Both have separate racks.
* Projectiles and propellants are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* The 10th rack is the carousel at the bottom of the turret; it serves as first-stage ammo stowage.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|NSVT (12.7 mm)|PKT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[NSVT (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm NSVT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 500 (100) || 700 || -5°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PKT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm PKT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,250 (250) || 700 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
The T-80UM2 holds true to many of the same qualities and setbacks which its predecessor, the T-80U takes advantage of. However, the lack of gunner's thermals leave it somewhat limited. The T-80UM2 will not typically fare well during night and evening battles compared to its contemporaries, due to the lack of TVD. As such, it would be wise to refrain from using this tank in darker environments whenever possible. Otherwise, the lack of thermals can be somewhat mitigated by sticking to areas with poor sightlines, such as urban areas or extremely hilly terrain, where the odds of being sniped are minimal, as you will not be able to pick out well-concealed targets as easily.

In general use, sticking by teammates and playing support can immensely increase your effectiveness in this vehicle, as oftentimes your teammates may see a target, but fail to destroy it. In such a case, you can quickly finish them off, or assist teammates in tricky situations, where an extra gun is needed. This strategy has immense potential in urban areas or other maps with tight or cramped high-traffic areas. With that said, it's also best to remember that your reverse speed is sub-par, so if you push, do so cautiously, as you'll seldom find yourself lucky enough to pull out of a bad spot.

As for the Hard-Kill Active Protection system, while it may save you from time to time, it won't see a great deal of use in this BR range, as the missile-spam will not be as significant, alongside the fact that you'll be playing on the nation which makes the greatest use of ATGMs. It also can be rather hit-or-miss when it comes to stopping ordinance from Helicopters. Play this vehicle while remembering that the APS is meant to save you if you're caught out, rather than granting invulnerability to ATGMs and helicopters. As for ERA, it is advisable to treat it with a similar regard when it comes to stopping APFSDS rounds. While many of the rounds you'll face can be stopped by Contact-5, many of the top rounds from your opponents will cut right through without any issue. It is best to keep this fact in consideration when deciding whether to push a position with confirmed hostiles in your midst. If possible, identify the threat(s) before moving in, so that you may prioritize targets ahead of time and maximize your effectiveness.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Retains identical, well-rounded protection of the T-80U
* Sufficiently high mobility for taking vantage points
* Powerful 125 mm gun with varieties of ammunition at disposal
* Autoloader that ensures constant rate of fire
* Access to Drozd APS for extra protection against oncoming missiles
* Low profile

'''Cons:'''

* Rather cramped interior, any penetrated shots will cause extensive damage
* Lacks protection for fuel tanks where fuel detonation is a instant-kill to the crew in most cases
* The infamous 6ETs series autoloader with a high profile, shots that hit the autoloader will send the turret sky high
* Slower reverse speed than NATO tanks
* Rather insufficient gun depression
* Slow turret traverse rate
* No thermal sight for gunner

== History ==

Due to the lack of information about late-USSR equipment and the later Black Eagle program, the APS-equipped T-80U variant is in fact known to the Russian Army as the "T-80 with Drozd APS (ADS)". The UM2 prototype was one of the technological demonstrators for the UM upgrades of the T-80U series made in the 1990s, but economic problems seemingly hindered any further upgrades to the T-80U series. It is believed the only remaining prototype was destroyed in Northeast Ukraine, Russo-Ukrainian War, which has been ongoing since 2014.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_t_80um2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR medium tanks}}
[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]
[[Category:Ground vehicles with active protection system]]