War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Hydra-70 M247

2024-04-03T18:34:36Z

U104930763: Added Magach Hydra and armour penetration

== Description ==
[[File:WeaponImage Hydra-70 M247.png|thumb|left|420px|The Hydra-70 M247 rocket with fins folded and deployed (scale is approximate)]]
{{Break}}
The Hydra-70 rocket is an American 70mm unguided rocket found on helicopters and planes. Utilizing a HEAT warhead, it is able to penetrate most modern tanks and vehicles from the roof and sides. When used in conjunction with a ballistic computer, these rockets are able to deal with most targets quite easily. The Hydra rockets are most notably found on the AH-64 Apache helicopters and the A-10 strike aircraft.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Jet fighters'''}}{{Specs-Link|f-104g}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-104g_china}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-104j}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f_16c_block_50}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Strike aircraft'''}}{{Specs-Link|a_10a_early}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a_10a_late}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Attack helicopters'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|A129}}{{Specs-Link|a_129_a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a_129_cbt}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a_129_d}}
{{Navigation-Line|AH-1}}{{Specs-Link|ah_1f}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ah_1f_iaf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ah_1z}}
{{Navigation-Line|AH-6}}{{Specs-Link|ah_6m}}
{{Navigation-Line|AH-64}}{{Specs-Link|yah_64}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ah_64a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ah_64a_greece_usa}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ah_64a_peten}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ah_64a_iaf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ah_64a_peten_iaf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ah_64d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ah_64d_japan}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ah_64d_i_saraph}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ahs}}
{{Navigation-Line|MD500}}{{Specs-Link|md_500_tow_late}}
{{Navigation-Line|MH-60}}{{Specs-Link|mh_60l_dap}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ah_60_iaf}}
{{Navigation-Line|OH-58}}{{Specs-Link|oh_58d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|oh_58d_china}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Utility helicopters'''}}{{Specs-Link|g_lynx}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|lynx_ah_mk1}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Medium tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6_rocket}}
{{Navigation-Line|'''SPAA'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_lav_ad}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | Rocket characteristics
|-
| '''Mass''' || 10 kg
|-
| '''Maximum speed''' || 739 m/s
|-
| '''Explosive mass''' || 1.19 kg TNTeq
|-
| '''Warhead type''' || HEAT
|-
| '''Armour penetration'''|| 290 mm
|}

=== Effective damage ===
The Hydra rocket is able to penetrate most armored vehicles from the sides and the roof thanks to the HEAT warhead. The rocket has a good explosive mass so open-top vehicles or lightly armored ones are able to be taken out by near misses via overpressure. Hydra rockets are also able to be fired very quickly by binding the "Fire Rocket Series" control to a key, allowing the user to "spam" the rockets in large quantities.

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of rockets that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
In GRB, players must always have the element of surprise to minimize the amount of damage they take. Approaching from the sides or rear of the enemy is advised, as getting in and out of battle will be relatively quick and most enemies will not realize you are there until it is too late. Target any SPAA or lightly armored vehicles, then move onto MBTs. Make sure to not expend all rockets on one target and do not stay in place/hover on the battlefield; if the rockets are unable to destroy one specific target, leave it and move on.

The Hydra rockets are mostly obsolete for top rank battles as most enemies will either have large-caliber autocannons or missiles that will put you in significantly more danger. If able to carry long-range munitions (such as the Hellfire AGMs on AH-64 Apaches), use those instead of the Hydras as they are usually more effective and will keep the player alive longer.

In Heli PvE, the Hydra rockets can deal with bases and ground units fairly quick. However, keep an eye on Gepards in convoys and normal enemy waves and the Rolands guarding the base (Rolands have a 10km range, so mind your distance). Most SPAA will be stationary however, so you can use your ballistic computer and fire accurately from afar.

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Good explosive mass and penetration, able to deal with most armored targets (MBTs) when fired from an upwards angle.
* Able to be spammed en-masse, will eventually obliterate any target through the sheer number of rockets.
* With a ballistics computer, extremely lethal against ground units.
* Able to deal splash damage, near misses can take out open-tops and lightly armored vehicles (BMPs, truck-based SPAA such as the Pantsir or Flakrad)

'''Cons:'''

* Requires a direct hit for armored targets to deal damage/penetrate.
* Short range requires user to get near to target to fire, can be dangerous.
* "Spamming" the rockets usually required for most targets.
* Most tanks have composite and ERA armor, dealing with MBTs from the front and even the sides may be difficult.

== History ==
The Hydra-70 rocket is a 70mm unguided "dumb" rocket meant to be used to engage ground targets. Developed from the FFAR "Mighty Mouse", a new motor produces more thrust and increases the effective range of the Hydra, and a new fin design improves accuracy and reduces spin. It is able to be mounted on planes, helicopters, and it has been adapted for ground vehicles also. The Hydra rocket has different models for different uses, including anti-personnel, anti-armor, marking, and practice models.

There are several ongoing attempts by military contractors to turn the Hydra into a precision-guided-munition (PGM), being more accurate but cheaper than conventional guided weaponry.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the weapon;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Rockets}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

M2HB (12.7 mm)

2024-04-03T18:24:20Z

U104930763: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */ moving M8A1 to others (USA), since it's not related to M8 LAC in any way, shape or form

{{About
| about = '''{{PAGENAME}}''' mounted on ground vehicles
| other
| usage-1 = the aircraft-mounted variant
| link-1 = M2 Browning (12.7 mm)
| usage-2 = other uses
| link-2 = M2 (Disambiguation)
}}
[[File:M2HB.png|x280px|thumb|right|The M2HB on top of the M1A2 Abrams]]
== Description ==


The '''12.7 mm Browning M2HB''' is an American .50 cal (12.7 mm) heavy machine gun, a variant of the legendary Browning M2. It is by far the most ubiquitous machine gun in the game and used by every military branch: The Browning M2 on-board weapon can be found in every aircraft tech tree, the ground-based M2HB is used by the land forces of every nation, and the [[AN-M2 (12.7 mm)|AN-M2]] is found in the US naval tree. As a heavy machine gun, the M2HB has reasonable armour penetration and a higher damage effect than medium and general purpose machine guns. This makes it much more effective in engaging weakly armoured enemy vehicles as well as aircraft.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Light tanks'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|LVT}}{{Specs-Link|us_lvt_a_4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_lvt_bofors}}
{{Navigation-Line|M8 Greyhound}}{{Specs-Link|us_m8_greyhound}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m8_greyhound}}
{{Navigation-Line|M18 Hellcat}}{{Specs-Link|us_m18_hellcat}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m18_hellcat_black_cat}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m18_hellcat}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m18_hellcat}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m18_super_hellcat}}
{{Navigation-Line|M24 Chaffee}}{{Specs-Link|us_m24_chaffee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_m24_chaffee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m24_chaffee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m24_chaffee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_amx_13_chaffee}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m24_chaffee_tl}}
{{Navigation-Line|M41 Walker Bulldog}}{{Specs-Link|us_m41_walker_bulldog}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_le_kpz_m41}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_m41_walker_bulldog}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m41_a3_walker_bulldog}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m_41d}}
{{Navigation-Line|M551 Sheridan}}{{Specs-Link|us_m551}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m551_76}}
{{Navigation-Line|M1128}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1128_mgs}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1128_wolfpack}}
{{Navigation-Line|Type 16}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_16_mcv_prot}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_16_mod}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_16}}
{{Navigation-Line|Other (USA)}}{{Specs-Link|us_m2a2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t92}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_xm_8}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m8a1}}
{{Navigation-Line|Other (Britain)}}{{Specs-Link|uk_marmon_herrington_mk_6_6pdr}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_vfm_5}}
{{Navigation-Line|Other (China)}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_64}}
{{Navigation-Line|Other (Italy)}}{{Specs-Link|it_centauro_mgs_120}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_centauro_rgo_120}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_kf_41}}
{{Navigation-Line|Other (France)}}{{Specs-Link|fr_vbci2_mct30}}
{{Navigation-Line|Other (Sweden)}}{{Specs-Link|sw_patria_amv_ctcv_105}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Medium tanks'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|AMX-30}}{{Specs-Link|fr_amx_30}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_amx_30_ACRA}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_amx_30_super}}
{{Navigation-Line|Centurion}}{{Specs-Link|uk_centurion_mk_5_raac}}
{{Navigation-Line|Challenger 2}}{{Specs-Link|uk_challenger_2_megatron}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_challenger_2e}}
{{Navigation-Line|Leclerc}}{{Specs-Link|fr_leclerc_s1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_leclerc_s2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_leclerc_sxxi}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_leclerc_azur}}
{{Navigation-Line|M1 Abrams}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1_abrams}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1_abrams_kvt}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1_ip_abrams}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1a1_abrams}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1a1_hc_abrams}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1a1_hc_usmc}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1a1_aim_abrams}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1a2_abrams}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1a2_sep_abrams}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1a2_sep2_abrams}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4 Sherman}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_sherman_75_37}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_sherman_VII}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_sherman_ic_firefly}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4A1 Sherman}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a1_1942_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_sherman_II}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m4a1_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m4a1_76w_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a1_76w_sherman}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4A2 Sherman}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a2_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a2_1944_germ}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a2_76w_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_m4a2_76w_sherman}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4A3 Sherman}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a3_105_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m4a3_105_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a3e8_76w_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_m4a3e8_76w_sherman}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4_t26}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4A4 Sherman}}{{Specs-Link|uk_sherman_vc_firefly}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m4a4_sherman_1st_ptg}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_sherman_vc_firefly}}
{{Navigation-Line|M-51}}{{Specs-Link|il_m_51_w}}
{{Navigation-Line|M26 Pershing}}{{Specs-Link|us_m26_pershing}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m26_ariete}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m26_pershing}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m26_t99}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m26e1_pershing}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m26a1_pershing}}
{{Navigation-Line|M46/7/8 Patton}}{{Specs-Link|us_m46_patton}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m46_patton_73_armor_bat}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m47_patton_II}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_mkpz_m47}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_m47_patton_II}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m47_105}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m48a1_patton_III}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m48a1_patton_III}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_mkpz_m48a2c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_cm11}}
{{Navigation-Line|M60}}{{Specs-Link|us_m60_120s}}
{{Navigation-Line|Magach}}{{Specs-Link|il_m48a1_patton_III}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_3_idf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6r}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6b_gal}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_6b_gal_batash}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_magach_7c}}
{{Navigation-Line|Merkava}}{{Specs-Link|us_merkava_mk_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_merkava_mk_1b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_merkava_mk_2b_late}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_merkava_mk_2d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_merkava_mk_3b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_merkava_mk_3c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_merkava_mk_3d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_merkava_mk_3_raam_segol}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_merkava_mk_4b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_merkava_mk_4m}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_merkava_mk_4_lic}}
{{Navigation-Line|OF-40}}{{Specs-Link|it_of_40_mtca}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_of_40_mk_2a}}
{{Navigation-Line|Sho't}}{{Specs-Link|il_centurion_mk_5_shot}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_centurion_shot_kal_d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_centurion_shot_kal_d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_centurion_shot_kal_gimel}}
{{Navigation-Line|Type 61}}{{Specs-Link|jp_st_a1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_st_a3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_61}}
{{Navigation-Line|Type 74}}{{Specs-Link|jp_st_b1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_74_c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_74}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_74_f}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_74_mod_g_kai}}
{{Navigation-Line|Type 90}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_90}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_90b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_90b_camo}}
{{Navigation-Line|Type 10}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_10_prototype}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_tkx_prot}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_10}}
{{Navigation-Line|Other (USA)}}{{Specs-Link|us_t20}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t25}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t54e1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t95e1}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Heavy tanks'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|M4A3E2 Jumbo}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo_cobra_king}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m4a3e2_76w_sherman_jumbo}}
{{Navigation-Line|M6}}{{Specs-Link|us_m6a1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m6a2e1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t1e1}}
{{Navigation-Line|T26}}{{Specs-Link|us_t26e4_superpershing}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t26e5}}
{{Navigation-Line|T29}}{{Specs-Link|us_t29}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t30}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t34}}
{{Navigation-Line|T32}}{{Specs-Link|us_t32}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t32e1}}
{{Navigation-Line|Other (USA)}}{{Specs-Link|us_m103}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t14}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t54e2}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Tank destroyers'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|M8 Scott}}{{Specs-Link|us_m8_scott}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m8_scott}}
{{Navigation-Line|M10 Wolverine}}{{Specs-Link|us_m10}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_17_pdr_m10_achilles}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_17_pdr_m10_achilles_norfolk_yeomanry}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m10}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m10}}
{{Navigation-Line|M36 Jackson}}{{Specs-Link|us_m36}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m36}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m36b1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m36b2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_m36b2_jgsdf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_m36b2_cefeo}}
{{Navigation-Line|M109}}{{Specs-Link|us_m109a1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_m109a1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m109g}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_m109}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_m109a1}}
{{Navigation-Line|M113A1}}{{Specs-Link|il_m113a1_tow}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_m113a1_tow}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_cm_25}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_m113a1_tow}}
{{Navigation-Line|Other (USA)}}{{Specs-Link|us_losat_ccv}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t28}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t95}}
{{Navigation-Line|Other (Japan)}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_60_atm}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_75}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_75_mlrs}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_99}}
{{Navigation-Line|Other (France)}}{{Specs-Link|fr_amx_30_auf_1}}
{{Navigation-Line|Other (Sweden)}}{{Specs-Link|sw_k9_vidar}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''SPAA'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_halftrack_m13}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_halftrack_m15}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_t17e2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_gmc_cckw_353_m45_quad}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_fiat_cm52}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_amx_vtt_dca}}
{{Navigation-Line|M16}}{{Specs-Link|us_halftrack_m16}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_halftrack_m16}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==

The M2HB is a fairly standard 12.7 mm heavy machine gun, with a decent rate of fire and a good belt capacity.

=== Available ammunition ===

In its most common role as a secondary (co-axial or pintle-mounted) machine gun, the M2HB can only be equipped with the default belt. The penetration statistics of the containing cartridges can be found in the table below.

The M2HB is also used as the primary weapon on some vehicles (predominantly SPAA, but also tanks such as the M2A2). In these cases, the M2HB can be equipped with a number of different ammo belts. While none of these belts contain a higher maximum penetration than the default belt (31 mm), they consist of different combinations of rounds.

The full belts are:

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|M1 incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}
* '''Common:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|M1 incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}
* '''API:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|M8 armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}
* '''AP:''' {{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}
* '''API-T:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|AP, I, API-T, AP-I}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

The M2HB performs functionally identically to the [[M85 (12.7 mm)]] machine gun, the only other 12.7 mm machine gun used by the Americans. Like the M85, it has a slightly lower rate of fire than other heavy machine guns, but a larger belt capacity.

== Usage in battles ==

Unlike lower calibre machine guns, the M2HB has enough penetration to be able to penetrate the armour of lightly armoured tanks (or the side/rear armour of some more heavily armoured tanks). Bullets can also sometimes make it through armour holes such as the turret ring or mg port of tanks, injuring crew members. Like all other machine guns, it can be used for incapacitating exposed crew members, as well as marking enemy vehicles and obscuring the view of enemy players (shooting at their gun sight). It also does more damage to enemy aircraft than lower calibre machine guns, and is usually mounted on top of the turret, making aiming at aircraft much easier than with a co-axial gun. Clearing trees and bushes is another use.

On most US tanks, there is a single pintle-mounted M2HB Browning machine gun mounted on the top of the turret. By using the "select machine gun" keybind, you can use it to shoot at enemies' gun barrels from behind cover. If they don't realize what you're doing, you will be able to destroy their gun and leave them defenseless.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Enough penetration to damage some enemy vehicles
* Good belt capacity
* The rate of fire is average
* 3/4 (75%) rounds in the belt have good penetration

'''Cons:'''

* Slower rate of fire than Soviet 12.7 mm machine guns

== History ==

The M2HB is an American heavy machine gun in .50 BMG calibre (12.7 x 99 mm NATO); it is the "Heavy Barrel" version of the legendary Browning M2 series of machine guns. Machine guns used in the First World War tended to be of rifle calibre, however towards the end of the war it became apparent that larger calibre weapons were needed to defeat armoured vehicles and aircraft. In mid-1917, John Browning set about redesigning his M1917 machine gun (the same weapon the .30 cal [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|M1919]] was developed from) to chamber a .50 cal (12.7 mm) round. The new weapon was tested in October 1918 and was found to have poor rate of fire and inadequate penetration, as well as being heavy and hard to control. Further development work to improve the weapon's shortcomings resulted in the M1921, a .50 cal water-cooled machine gun, which entered testing in 1921.

The M1921 entered service with the US Army and Navy in 1929. The weapon was very heavy at 121 lb (55 kg) and concerns were raised about its suitability for the role due to its extreme weight and the rapid overheating of the air-cooled version. After John Browning's death in 1926, work on the M1921 continued, with a slightly improved M1921A1 version entering service in 1930. The M1921 was re-engineered with a new receiver design, and in 1933 it entered service as the M2 Browning.

The initial Browning M2s shared the same water-cooled barrel as the M1921 (and thus the same heavy weight of 55 kg). Like the M1921, the M2 proved to overheat rapidly without water cooling, and so the M2HB (HB standing for "Heavy Barrel") was developed. The M2HB had a thicker and heavier barrel to help dissipate heat, as well as featuring the weapon's iconic short perforated barrel support and carry handle. Despite featuring a heavier barrel, the ditching of the water cooling system meant that the weight of the weapon could be reduced down to 84 lb (38 kg).

The M2 family saw widespread usage by the Allies in WW2, being mounted on armoured and unarmoured vehicles, aircraft, and ships; the M2 was also mounted on tripods for use by infantry. After the war, a plan was made to replace the M2 with the [[M85 (12.7 mm)|M85]]; however, the new weapon turned out to be extremely unreliable and was withdrawn from service (ironically being replaced by the M2). Although the M2 Browning is mostly no longer used on aircraft (being replaced by the [[Browning M3 (12.7 mm)|M3]] and then by larger calibre cannons), the M2HB remains in service to this day with a wide range of nations. It is used on armoured vehicles, boats and by infantry. From 2010 on, the US army began replacing the M2HB with the upgraded M2A1 version, featuring a quick change barrel, a flash suppressor, and other improvements. The upgrade process is still ongoing, with the plan being for all 54,000 of the army's M2 Browning machine guns to eventually be upgraded to M2A1 spec.

The Browning M2 remains the most produced heavy machine gun of all time, with over 3,000,000 being manufactured.

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Weapon M2HB 12.7mm.jpg|<small>The M2HB on the M24</small>
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|VG3MzS1IgGU|'''M2 Browning: The WWII Machine Gun we Still Use Today''' - ''Sideprojects''|cmLnwiJRr78|'''Ma Deuce: The Venerable Browning M2 .50 Caliber HMG''' - ''Forgotten Weapons''|rsuGLHGcuik|'''Browning M2HB .50 BMG at the Range''' - ''Forgotten Weapons''}}

== See also ==


* [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)]] - Version used on aircraft
* [[Browning M3 (12.7 mm)]]⁣ - Variant used on aircraft, featuring much higher rate of fire
* [[M85 (12.7 mm)]]⁣ - A failed weapon planned to replace the M2HB
* [[L21A1 (12.7 mm)]] - A British version of the M2 used on the [[Chieftain (Family)|Chieftain]] tank as a ranging gun

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:M2_Browning|[Wikipedia] M2 Browning]]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=13 Military Factory - M2 Multi-role Heavy Machine Gun (HMG)]
* [https://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/u-s-a-machineguns/browning-m2hb-eng/ Modern Firearms - Browning M2HB]

{{Britain and USA anti-aircraft guns}}
{{Japan anti-aircraft guns}}
{{China anti-aircraft guns}}
{{Tank machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]
[[Category:Anti-aircraft guns]]

Syonan

2024-01-09T13:43:29Z

U104930763: /* Primary armament */ +shell table

{{Specs-Card
|code=jp_escort_hiburi_class_syonan
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''Hiburi*-class, Shōnan, 1944''' (昭南, [[Abbreviations#.28JP.29_Naval|namesake]]: Singapore island) was one of the many Japanese "Coastal Defense Ships" (Kaibōkan, 海防艦). These ships were small warships that performed tasks such as protecting the coast and escorting convoys. They were similar to American destroyer escorts or British frigates. Shōnan belonged to the 1st Maritime Escort Squadron of the Maritime Escort General Headquarters, and participated in escort missions on high-value "Hi convoys" between Japan and Singapore. On February 25, 1945, Shōnan was torpedoed and sunk by the US submarine USS Hoe (SS-258) during Operation Nan-Go in fleet Hi-92.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]]. The Shōnan is a powerful ship that can wreak havoc on smaller vessels and airplanes, but it is vulnerable against destroyers and Shōnan's whole 25 mm ammo depot is in the bow of the ship. It needs careful sailing and distance from enemy MTBs and torpedoes. The plenty of 25 mm cannons are the best weapon for the volume of fire up to 2,000 m. Angling the ship's sides can protect the ammo rack from small AP rounds.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

[[File:Ammorack Syonan.jpg|thumb|352x352px|All of the ammo racks are below the waterline (marked blue), including both: [[120 mm/45 10th year type (120 mm)|120 mm]] (red) and [[25 mm/60 Type 96 (25 mm)|25 mm]] (orange) cannons]]
The survivability of the Syonan is heavily dependent on what's engaging it. Its hull is armoured similarly to a Destroyer, with 23 mm of steel. This makes it largely immune from smaller calibre fire and certain smaller HE rounds. The only additional armour protection it has is present around the two main guns, 15 mm of antifragmentation armour, which again protects them against smaller calibre guns somewhat reliably.

The Syonan has two main weaknesses though. Firstly its size, because it's so large and slow it will take a huge amount of fire. Not every incoming round will score damage but over time it does all add up. Its size also makes it very vulnerable against torpedoes. The second prominent weakness is that the Syonan is very vulnerable to being ammo racked. This is due to the presence of two very large exposed ammo racks underneath each gun and they can be detonated by a few well placed AP shots, even smaller calibre guns can destroy the ammo rack, so it's important to never present a flat angle of the ammo storage.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

The Syonan is a relatively slow ship, reaching a max of 36 km/h in RB modes and 55 km/h in AB modes. The real issue though is with its mobility, it's very unresponsive to input and will take a fair while to come to a stop, engage reverse or turn. Safe to say its mobility holds the ship back a bit, as it spawns with the smaller vessels, it's very vulnerable to torpedoes- especially without any mobility upgrades. It also lacks the overall agility to escape from destroyers if caught out in the open.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|120 mm/45 10th year type (120 mm)}}

The Syonan is equipped with two 120 mm/45 10th year type cannons for its primary weapon. They do a good amount of damage to smaller boats and reload quickly at 12 rounds a minute on an average crew. The guns also traverse fairly slowly at around 8.5 degrees a second, because of this they're a fairly poor weapon at closer ranges when needing to track small fast boats. These guns do have viability against the larger patrol vessels and destroyers you'll come across and will be your go-to weapon at longer ranges.
{{:120 mm/45 10th year type (120 mm)/Ammunition|120 mm Type 1 HE, 120 mm Type 0 HE}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|25 mm/60 Type 96 (25 mm)}}

The Syonan is equipped with 5 triple mountings and one single mounting of the Type 96 25 mm cannon. Against small unarmoured boats, these guns collectively make for an overwhelmingly powerful weapon, the volume of fire will destroy a small boat within a few seconds if the shots connect. The guns have 15 rounds in the magazine, but reload very quickly, and because of this have no overheating time so they can be fired continuously effectively. The guns come with three belts:

* Universal- A mix of different HE rounds and an AP round, a decent mix for dealing with all types of craft.
* APT- Predominantly armour piercing rounds, effective against armoured targets.
* HEIT- Full HE belt, very high damage but no armour piercing capability.

Overall, the HEIT rounds perform the best, they have a huge damage output and will sink enemy vessels in seconds if a few of the mountings hit, but it's also recommended to take a few AP belts in case you run into an armoured riverboat.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Type 95 depth charge}}

The Syonan can carry 14 Type 95 depth charges, which can be dropped to maim other naval targets. They have rather limited viability though as most MTBs will be able to outrun the explosion. As this ship is large and slow, the only viability these charges have is against enemy MBTs sneaking up behind you, this is a fair rare occurrence, however.

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Syonan (1).jpg|thumb|350px]]
First and foremost, the Syonan is a very powerful ship and has the potential to cause incredible damage to the enemy team if in favourable circumstances. It can be devastating against smaller ships, or vessels with little meaningful armour protection, but it's very weak against destroyers and enemy players that know how vulnerable the ammo racks are. Because of this, to be successful, the Syonan needs to be played carefully. Advancing too far into the map can be dangerous, as this allows for enemy MTBs to launch torpedoes at you at close range; as the Syonan is very slow, avoiding torpedoes can be very difficult. Because of this, it's recommended to not sail too close to choke points or cover around the hostile parts of the map as this allows for enemies to easily sneak up on you. In any case, watch MTBs closely, if you see them launch torpedoes, you can correct your course ahead of time to assure the torpedoes miss. It's a good idea to do this anyway just in case torpedoes have been launched without you knowing, so try not to sail straight for too long, as you lack the reactive mobility to alter your course quickly.

The most consistent weapon you have access to are the many 25 mm cannons spread all over the vessel, consider using these as your main weapon as they present a much more accurate and damaging weapon collectively than your two main cannons. They can work effectively up to around 2,000 m, any further than this and they will start losing potency. Also, try not to present a flat side angle to your enemies as this makes your ammo rack a very easy target. Try to angle the sides of the ship towards what you're engaging, this will stop some of the smaller calibre AP rounds from penetrating.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Extremely potent secondary armament
* Can combat both vessels and aircraft effectively
* Fairly survivable

'''Cons:'''

* Relatively ineffective primary armament
* Very easy to ammo rack
* Fairly slow and unmanoeuvrable
* Large target, easy to hit
* No access to the shell chase camera for the primary armament

== History ==

Syonan (昭南, name of Singapore under Japanese occupation) is the 11th ship of Mikura class Escort Ship (E20). Currently, she is classified as the 3rd ship of Hiburi-class Escort Ship (E20b).

Due to Japanese romanization, there are several variants of the ship's name in English. (Shonan, Shounan, Syounan, Syōnan, Shōnan)

She was laid down on 23 February 1944 and launched on 13 July 1944. Since 05 August 1944, she deployed with 1st Maritime Escort Group (海上護衛隊, 1KEg) and escorted several convoys between Singapore to Japan.

During the escort of Hi-92 convoy, she was sunk on 25 February 1945 by a torpedo from USS Hoe, SS-258.<ref>[[wikipedia:ja:%E6%98%AD%E5%8D%97_(%E6%B5%B7%E9%98%B2%E8%89%A6)|[Wikipedia.ja] 日振型海防艦 (Hiburi-class escort ship)]]</ref>

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=jp_escort_hiburi_class_syonan Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Vessels of similar role
* [[LCS(L)(3)]]
* [[K2]]
* [[Groza]]
* [[HMS Spey]]

== External links ==


=== References ===
<references />

{{ShipManufacturer Hitachi Shipbuilding Corporation}}
{{Japan frigates}}

AG-30 (30 mm)

2024-01-06T14:49:21Z

U104930763: /* Available ammunition */ +shell table

[[File:AG-30.png|x280px|thumb|right|The AG-30 on top of the BMP-2M]]

== Description ==

The '''30 mm AG-30''' is a Russian grenade launcher.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|ussr_bmp_2m}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''
{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|VOG-30}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===


The [[M129 (40 mm)|M129]], another AGL, is vastly superior to the AG-30 in every way, namely with better armour penetration, muzzle velocity, and a lighter shell. The only advantage the AG-30 has over the M129 is the explosive mass, but that's worth nothing because the explosive mass can't be utilized effectively.

== Usage in battles ==


Despite having no infantry to fight, the AG-30 can be used to cripple critical enemy modules. Breaking their gun barrel and tracks will provide the time to either escape or time to aim for weak spots. The shells have less than 5 mm of penetration, so it is unlikely to destroy anything. The only things that the AG-30 might shred through are ATGM carriers and thinly armoured SPAAs, but then HMGs and high-calibre HE shells do a better job at destroying them. It might defeat helicopters though, because the 30 mm grenades don't have tracers at all so the helicopters won't notice them coming until it hits them.

Overall, the AG-30 is essentially a tool to buy time, and can't really do anything much more than disarming and demobilizing light tanks and MBTs. The AG-30 can be used to break through an enemy's ERA, which would help the player and teammates defeat the enemy more easily. However, the AG-30 shouldn't be the first weapon of choice in an engagement, as the BMP-2M has very useful ATGMs with tandem charges that can be fired in rapid succession. Again, don't think about actually destroying anything with the AG-30. Roofs and belly armour of even the earliest light tanks exceed 10 mm of RHA, which means penetration is nigh-impossible.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Decent rate of fire (400 RPM) in terms of an automatic grenade launcher
* May damage and cripple modules that are important to the enemy, such as their gun barrel and tracks
* Can remove enemy armour plates, especially ERA plates, so that the primary armament has a better chance of penetrating
* If enemy compartment is open-back or open-top, the crew of the enemy will be eliminated within a single good burst
* Large belt capacity allows sustained fire for longer durations (300 grenades for the BMP-2M)
* Launcher has decent elevation angles

'''Cons:'''

* Grenades will almost never penetrate armour directly and hurt the crew inside
* Grenade's low muzzle velocity results in quite a delay from firing to grenade impact
** Time of travel can be ~1 second at 250 m, and ~3 seconds at 500 m, and expect even more time needed for targets beyond 500 m
** The very low muzzle velocity will make it a challenge to hit any moving targets beyond 200 m

== History ==

[[File:AGS-30 maks2009.jpg|left|thumb|x220px|none|The AGS-30 in an exhibition.]]
The AGS-17 adopted in 1971 was improved upon with the introduction of the '''AGS-30''' grenade launcher.<ref name="MilitaryTodayAG30">Military-Today "AGS-30"</ref> The new launcher, which had development started in the early 1990s by the KBP Instrument Design Bureau, was introduced in 1999 as a lighter, more accurate, and farther-hitting grenade launcher compared to the AGS-17,
<ref name="ModernFirearmsAG30">Popenker "AGS-30"</ref> as well as constructed with 40% fewer parts.<ref name="ArmyRecognitionAG30">Army Recognition 2018</ref> This was possible due to changes in the operating mechanism that allows a lighter breech body for firing from an open bolt (compared to the AGS-17's blowback operated closed bolt system), which consequently makes the weapon lighter with a faster firing rate.<ref name="Koll">Koll 2009, pg 239-242</ref>

The AGS-30 (Avtomatischeskyi Granatmyot Stankovyi ''Automatic Grenade Launcher - Mounted'') was adopted for Russian Army service in 2002, firing the same 30x28B mm grenades as the AGS-17 in belts of 29 grenades. Due to its lightweight construction of 16 kg with tripod included (compared to the AG-17's weight of 18 kg alone, with the tripod weighing 12 kg), the weapon could be easily used and moved by a crew of two soldiers in the infantry support role.<ref name="Koll" /> The AGS-30 can also be found as vehicle mounts as the ''AG-30M'' on AFV and helicopters with a remote-controlled turret.<ref name="MilitaryTodayAG30" />

The AGS-30 is still in service today, alongside the AGS-17 grenade launcher that it was intended to replace.<ref name="MilitaryTodayAG30"/ As of 2019, the production of the AGS-30 was intended to expand to the Tula Arms Plant.<ref name="TASS">TASS 2019</ref>

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[M129 (40 mm)]] - A similar vehicle-mounted grenade launcher

== External links ==


;References:
<references />

;Bibliography:

* Army Recognition, "AGS-30 30mm automatic grenade launcher." ''Army Recognition'', Army Recognition Group SPRL, 09 Oct. 2018, [https://www.armyrecognition.com/russia_russian_army_light_heavy_weapons_uk/ags-30_30mm_automatic_grenade_launcher_technical_data_sheet_specifications_pictures_video.html Website]. Accessed 22 Apr. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210422162632/https://www.armyrecognition.com/russia_russian_army_light_heavy_weapons_uk/ags-30_30mm_automatic_grenade_launcher_technical_data_sheet_specifications_pictures_video.html Archive]).
* Koll, Christian, ''Soviet Cannon: A Comprehensive Study of Soviet Guns and Ammunition in Calibres 12.7mm to 57mm''. Self-published, PDF, 2009.
* Military-Today. "AGS-30" ''Military-Today'', [http://www.military-today.com/firearms/ags_30.htm Website]. Accessed on 22 Apr 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210422161158/http://www.military-today.com/firearms/ags_30.htm Archive]).
* Popenker, Maxim, "AGS-30." ''Modern Firearms'', [http://modernfirearms.net/en/grenade-launchers/russia-grenade-launchers/ags-30-eng/ Website]. Accessed 22 Apr. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210422161212/http://modernfirearms.net/en/grenade-launchers/russia-grenade-launchers/ags-30-eng/ Archive]).
* TASS, "Russian arms manufacturer to launch production of AGS-30 grenade launchers in 2020." ''Russian News Agency TASS'', 20 Aug. 2019, [https://tass.com/defense/1074207 Website]. Accessed 22 Apr. 2021 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20201108000835/https://tass.com/defense/1074207 Archive from 08 Nov 2020]).

{{USSR tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

Object 685

2024-01-06T12:27:13Z

U104930763: /* Main armament */ it has autoloader, table can be simplified

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_object_685
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a proposed replacement for the PT-76. It competed with two other designs, namely Object 788 and Object 934. The project's notable requirements were to develop a vehicle with a maximum combat weight of 15 tons, armed with a rifled 100-mm gun, an 9K111 "Fagot" anti-tank missile system, and a 12.7 mm machine gun. The project's protection requirements included anti-nuclear features like automatic sealing and air filtration capabilities, and the ability to withstand up to 23 mm AP rounds. Object 788 was disqualified for not including the 9K111 "Fagot" anti-tank missile system, trench-digging equipment, and a water-jet propulsion system. However, both Object 934 and {{Specs|name}} managed to pass the initial design evaluation, suggesting that they showed promise despite lacking certain components. It is likely that these designs were later taken into consideration for modifications and improvements to incorporate the missing criteria. Nevertheless, the production was eventually abandoned because they were unable to garner enough interest to continue. Still, later Soviet AFV designs made extensive use of many of the components and design solutions found in Object 934 and {{Specs|name}}, showing that their potential was recognized and put to good use.

The {{Specs|name}} was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]]. It is a powerful and versatile vehicle that is well-suited for flanking. It features excellent forward mobility, a 6-second reload cannon, and a sufficient 3BM25 shell. However, its main drawbacks are its subpar survivability, lack of thermal sights, and poor gun depression. Even despite that, the {{Specs|name}} remains a good choice for players who prefer a more careful yet aggressive and fast-paced playstyle.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

[[File:Obj685 xray.png|right|thumb|Object 685 X-ray view in hangar]]

'''Armour type:'''

* Alloy ABT-101 (hull, turret, cupola)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 54 mm || 16 mm || 5 mm || 6 mm
|-
| Turret || 19 mm || 16 mm || 16 mm || 8 mm
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 10 mm thick and tracks are 20 mm thick
* The armour on the Object 685 is Alloy ABT-101. The armour values in the chart are displayed in rolled homogeneous armour equivalence.

The Object 685 is a very lightly armoured vehicle. The alloy may at first appear to be somewhat thick, but it is much less effective than rolled homogeneous armour at stopping rounds. The Object 685 can be killed by almost anything, with .50 calibre machine guns able to penetrate even parts of the front armour at close range. Additionally, the Object 685 is vulnerable to overpressure damage. The commander and gunner are somewhat far apart, but the Object has only 3 crew, so survivability is not particularly impressive. Generally, Object 685 drivers should not rely on their armour in any situation.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=705|rbMinHp=402}}

Mobility wise, the Object 685 can be considered as a slightly heavier [[Object 906]] compensated by a noticeable stronger engine and a different gear box (note the missing reverse gearbox). It is not slow but is not the fastest light tank at the battle-rating. When downtiered, it is able to be faster than most tracked vehicles (most of them reach as most 65 km/h while this can reach more than 70 km/h) with exception of the [[Rooikat 105]], [[Rooikat Mk.1D]] and [[Radkampfwagen 90]]. It's suspension is a relatively soft suspension, meaning it will not damp as much in rough terrain but due to its thin tracks, the surface the tracks have on the floor make it be relatively slow on snow and sand (but faster than many tracked vehicles). It is fully amphibious which makes the Object 685 capable of crossing water bodies which can give an advantage (Eastern Europe river for example) but the speed while on water is lacklustre.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|2A48 (100 mm)}}

The Object 685 has the same ballistics as the [[D-10T2S (100 mm)|D-10T2S]] 100 mm cannon even sharing the same ammunition. Thus, the use of the gun should be the same as the [[T-55A]]. The gun is capable of destroying all enemy vehicles it faces from the front (with exception of the [[Maus]] glacis) with its powerful APFSDS shell. Despite not having the most powerful dart at the battle rating, the 6 second reload of the autoloader makes the Object 685 a formidable quick firing tank, capable of destroying multiple enemies with relative speed.

'''Important: ''in order to let the autoloader load, the gunner must be alive'''''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[2A48 (100 mm)|100 mm 2A48]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
!Autoloader
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 40 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+17° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 19.0 || 26.4 || 32.0 || 35.4 || 37.7 || rowspan="2" | 6.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 11.9 || 14.0 || 17.0 || 18.8 || 20.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:2A48 (100 mm)/Ammunition|3BK17M, 3D3, BR-412D, 3BM25, OF-412}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! 5th<br>rack empty
! 6th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || 29 ''(+11)'' || 21 ''(+19)'' || 17 ''(+23)'' || 13 ''(+27)'' || 7 ''(+33)'' || 1 ''(+39)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Note''':

* Racks 5 and 6 are first-stage ammo racks

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|SGMT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[SGMT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm SGMT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,000 (250) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

'''Gameplay Stock:'''

The Object 685 is much less powerful when stock. It is equipped with the 3BK17M HEAT-FS shell, which is generally inferior to the 3BM25 shell. Another issue while stock is the mobility, which is not as impressive when stock. Another issue is the lack of the Airstrike modification, which makes spawning in air vehicles easier in ground RB after scouting.

'''Gameplay Spaded:'''

The Object 685 is a highly mobile Soviet light tank which has an excellent cannon. Its disadvantages are thin armour and a lack of thermal sights. Object 685 players should avoid areas with heavy foliage, as the lack of thermals will prove detrimental in these areas. The best strategy with the Object 685 is flanking the enemy team using the Object 685's mobility. The amphibious capability can help create new avenues of attack when flanking. The scouting ability also helps the team while on the flanks. One tactic to avoid in the Object 685 is using the ESS system, as enemy thermal sights can see through the smoke, while the Object 685 will effectively blind itself.

'''Close Range Engagements:'''

The Object 685 can fare well at close range due to the excellent gun handling and reload rate. Additionally, the mobility of the vehicle allows it to easily outmanoeuvre enemies at close range.

'''Long Range Engagements:'''

The Object 685 may have difficulty in prolonged long range engagements. The main armament is excellent, but the Object is held back by its lack of thermal sights and low survivability. The lack of thermals means that seeing your target may be difficult at long range. Additionally, the low survivability means that the Object 685 will not survive most hits, even at long range.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful rounds with a fast reload
* Able to reload while putting out fires or replacing turret crew thanks to the autoloader
* Has smoke grenades and ESS
* Good mobility
* Scouting ability
* Thin armour avoids excessive spalling
* Amphibious

'''Cons:'''

* Thin armour
* Poor gun depression and elevation
* Vulnerable to overpressure
* Lack of thermal sights
* Small crew

== History ==

After production of the PT-76 was discontinued, Soviet engineers began work on developing a suitable replacement around a set of requirements provided by the military. The requirements were sent to three different design bureaus, with each bureau developing its own vehicle around the given specifications.

One of the proposed designs, the Object 788, was disqualified early from the competition due to being incomplete and missing several key features mandated by the requirements. The other two designs, the Object 685 and Object 934 were both deemed as sufficient, and work on them continued. By the mid 1970s, both vehicles were built and tested, but neither managed to garner enough interest to warrant a production order being issued. Despite not making it past the prototype stage, design solutions from both vehicles were later applied to other Soviet fighting vehicles.

''- From [[wt:en/news/6332-development-object-685-return-of-the-river-mosquito-en|Devblog]]''

In the 1970s, the Russian Ministry of Defense opted to create a replacement for the PT-76, the main to contestants being the PT-85 (also known as Object 906) and the Object 685. It was tested but did not enter service or combat. It featured components that were later used for multiple vehicles, this being the Object 688 (which ended being the BMP-2), BMD-3 and 2S25 Sprut-SD (based on BMD-3). It was made for airborne units to maintain the armoured section of airborne units, at the time those being PT-76, BMD-1 and ASU-85. It featured a greater weight than the PT-76 due to the size and main gun but featured a more compact suspension due to being a telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers and suspension.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_object_685 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6332-development-object-685-return-of-the-river-mosquito-en|[Development] Object 685: Return of the River Mosquito]]

{{USSR light tanks}}

BT-42

2024-01-06T12:11:49Z

U104930763: /* Description */ missing "against"

{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_bt_42
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''', officially known as "'''15 tonnin rynnäkkötykkipanssarivaunu BT-42''' (15-ton assault gun tank BT-42)", was a modified variant of the Soviet BT-7 light tanks which were captured by Finland during the Winter War and Continuation War; due to the lack of firepower of the 37/45 mm gun on original BT tanks and the dire need for tanks to defend against Soviet forces, some of these BT tanks were then upgraded with a British-aided 4.5 inch howitzer and new turret that housed this very gun. These tanks were then deployed to the battle against Soviet forces; only one of these 18 tanks eventually survived the war and the subsequent scrapping of the surviving tanks.

The BT-42, introduced in [[Update "Fire and Ice"]], is perhaps one of the most iconic light tanks in Finnish service as well as being a "meme" tank among players due to its screen time in a Japanese animation film. This captured BT-7 modified with a huge QF 4.5 inch howitzer will strike fear into enemies with its fearsome firepower while still retaining the iconic fast and nimble playstyle of a BT light tank.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

When only looking at the hull alone, the BT-42 is exactly like any other BT-7 tank; but what makes it stand out among its "ancestors" is the turret - the Finnish upgraded its gun with a British QF 4.5-inch (114 mm) howitzer and installed it inside a new welded turret that somewhat resembles the infamous [[KV-2 (Family)|KV-2]] from the Soviet Union. But the common feature of BT tanks still persists on the BT-42, namely its poor protection; other than the mantlet, any high-calibre machine gun will have no trouble penetrating its armour even at longer ranges, especially its hull. So be extra careful on where to appear in uptier battles where HMGs such as the M2HB start to be common.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull ||5 mm (61°) ''Upper front glacis''<br>20 mm (18°) ''Driver's hatch''<br>20 mm (5-52°) ''Lower front glacis''||20 mm ''Driver compartment''<br>15 + 4 mm ''Fighting & engine compartments''||10 mm (55°) ''Upper glacis''<br>13 mm (15°) ''Centre plate''<br>13 mm (58°) ''Lower glacis'' ||10 mm<br>4 mm ''Engine vents''
|-
| Turret || 16 mm ''Turret front'' <br>16 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 16 mm || 16 mm || 9 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The Finnish didn't upgrade the BT-42's powerplant as it was deemed sufficient, so it retained the same Mikulin M-17T engine and transmission. Players of the Soviet BT tanks should be well familiar with its excellent mobility at its rank, which lets the BT-42 flank its enemies with ease.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=433|rbMinHp=354}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Psv.H/18 (114 mm)}}

The most iconic feature of the BT-42 is the QF 4.5-inch howitzer from Great Britain (named "114 mm Psv.H/18" in Finnish service); although the revised turret that fits this very gun turns even slower than the original BT-7. If aimed properly, it can even hit tanks behind cover due to having the ballistics of a howitzer.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Psv.H/18 (114 mm)|114 mm Psv.H/18]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 22 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || 5.7 || 7.9 || 9.6 || 10.6 || 11.3 || rowspan="2" | 13.00 || rowspan="2" | 11.50 || rowspan="2" | 10.60 || rowspan="2" | 10.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 3.6 || 4.2 || 5.1 || 5.6 || 6.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Psv.H/18 (114 mm)/Ammunition|akr 32/41, hkr 42/C}}

The stock akr 32/41 round is an HE shell, although its velocity at barely supersonic makes it unsuitable for hitting mobile targets at distance; but thanks to its 2 kg of explosives, if it hits the roof armour of tanks or spots that will cause overpressure, it can make sure the crew will be knocked out right away, let alone a near-miss to truck-based SPAAs at its rank with minimal protection; alternatively, the curve ballistic also means bad news for enemies who took cover at longer ranges- there are still chances of being hit in the roof.

The only researchable round, hkr 42/C, is a HEAT round. While it can functionally replace the stock shell and penetrates up to 115 mm of armour at any given range, it has very few spalling against heavier targets, so make sure to hit the ammunition racks of enemy vehicles.

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! Ammo<br>type
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''22''' || ''Projectiles''<br>''Propellants'' || 18 ''(+4)''<br>18 ''(+4)'' || 13 ''(+9)''<br>13 ''(+9)'' || 7 ''(+15)''<br>7 ''(+15)'' || 1 ''(+21)''<br>1 ''(+21)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* The {{PAGENAME}} uses two-piece ammunition, composed of projectiles (yellow) and propellant charges (orange). Both have separate racks.
* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Turret empty: 13 ''(+9)'' shells.

== Usage in battles ==

Although the name "BT" still exists on the BT-42, the only thing left of a BT tank is the chassis itself; the biggest difference is the huge turret, some might even compare it to a KV-2 as they shared some similarities in terms of the angular shape. While some might think the Finnish installed a medium-calibre cannon, upon closer inspection, they will know that it is not a good idea running into the QF 4.5-inch howitzer at 114 mm; although having only HE or HEAT at its disposal and barely having supersonic muzzle velocity, a precise hit on overpressure weakspot or even a near miss from the HE shell will very likely knock down the target right away, while having more explosive content than HE, HEAT is more suitable for direct hits on heavy targets such as the infamous B1 series or KV series at higher tiers. Thanks to the excellent mobility of the BT chassis, it can make sure that it would arrive at vantage points at the first place, alternatively flanking enemies from their sides and places they didn't expect. Its 13 second base reload time does give the BT-42 extra time to take out crippled targets as vehicles at this tier with even larger calibre takes up to 20 seconds for the next shot. For those who didn't finish off unprotected targets in one take, the bad news is BT-42 doesn't comes with any co-axial machine guns so do make sure your shot blows the target up into pieces, else you might become the prey instead.

Mobility is the best friend of the BT-42 and it still trades protection for its speed, showing up in front of tanks with HMG or autocannons will make the BT-42 meet its miserable demise as well; due to the fact that it has a huge howitzer onboard, avoid rushing into enemies or fire before a full stop, the imbalance of the turret does affect the center of gravity and makes severe "wobbling"; a miss means at least 13 second reload and this will give enemies some time to fight back.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Large-calibre gun for its rank
* Fast and nimble for flanking
* Both HE and HEAT have high explosive contents
* HEAT has extremely high penetration for its rank

'''Cons:'''

* Lightly armoured
* Big profile
* Slow turret traverse
* Long reload time
* HEAT round post-penetration damage is unreliable
* Lacks a coaxial machine gun for gunning down exposed targets

== History ==

The BT series light tanks have been the cornerstone of the Red Army in the late 1930s and have been used extensively between the Interwar Period and WWII; while it has been supplied to some countries including China and Spain, some quantities of them were also captured by the Axis and their allies, one of them was Finland.

During the Winter War and the subsequent Continuation War, the Finnish captured some quantities of BT tanks (2/5/7) series from the Red Army where some of these tanks became the composition of Finland's armoured platoons, one of them is known as the "Christie Detachment" from the use of mostly Christie suspension-equipped BT tanks; while the tanks gained some infamy within the army due to its reliability, but the demand for assault gun battalions ("Panssaritykkipataljoona") for their armoured units with 3 guns per platoon and the some numbers of repair-pending BT-7s led Finnish came up with an unique hybrid between BT tanks and military-aid British QF 4.5-inch howitzer: the assault gun that's commonly known as BT-42, or '''15 tonnin rynnäkkötykkipanssarivaunu BT-42''' (15-ton assault gun tank BT-42). After some developments especially on the turret design, the gun was first seen in September 1942 and was finally delivered to different battalions from February 1943 with 18 of them in total; after the game-changing Battle of Viipuri (the site is now a part of Russia Federation after the Moscow Armistice) for the Soviet Union in July 1944, 9 of these BT-42s were lost during the battle and the remaining 8 were pending for scrapping.<ref>https://www.jaegerplatoon.net/ASSAULT_GUNS.htm#BT-42</ref>

But one of these 8 BT-42s, numbered R-708/Ps. 511-8 was saved for display and being the sole surviving example of this interesting conversion of BT tanks, now displayed at the Parola Tank Museum ("Panssarimuseo") alongside with dozens of captured/purchased tanks.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=sw_bt_42 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:BT-42_WTWallpaper001.jpg
File:BT-42 WTWallpaper002.jpg
File:BT-42 WTWallpaper003.jpg
File:BT-42 WTWallpaper004.jpg
File:BT-42 WTWallpaper005.jpg
File:BT-42 WTWallpaper006.jpg
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[BT-7 (Family)]]
** [[BT-7M]]
** [[BT-7A (F-32)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7931-development-bt-42-from-tank-to-tankhunter-en|[Devblog] BT-42: From Tank to Tankhunter!]]

=== References ===
<references />

{{Sweden light tanks}}

D-126 (125 mm)

2024-01-06T12:00:25Z

U104930763: /* Available ammunition */ +shell table

ZIS-S-53 (85 mm)

2024-01-06T11:49:01Z

U104930763: /* Available ammunition */ +shell table and a bit of comparison

== Description ==

The '''85 mm ZIS-S-53''' is a Soviet cannon that is mounted on ground vehicles and naval vessels in War Thunder.

Though the designation differs between "S" and "C", the usage of "C" does not indicate naval usage of the cannon but instead of the phonetic similarities between Cyrillic and English translations. With the letter in the weapon's designation serving as an initial after the weapon's designer A. Savin, the "S" sounds phonetically similar to "C" in the Russian alphabet.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===

'''Ground vehicles'''
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_t_34_85E}}
* {{Specs-Link|cn_t_34_85_d_5t}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_t_34_85_zis_53}}
* {{Specs-Link|sw_t_34_85_zis_53}}
* {{Specs-Link|cn_t_34_85_zis_53_no215}}
* {{Specs-Link|cn_type_58}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_t_44}}

'''Naval vessels'''
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_mkl_186}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_mkl_186_mk85}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_pr_191}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_pr_191m}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===


'''Tank ammunition:'''

BR-367 shells are available only on T-44.
{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|BR-365K, BR-365A, BR-365P, BR-367, BR-367P, O-365K}}
'''Naval ammunition:'''

Naval BR-365 APHEBC shell is almost identical to BR-365A of ground forces. Naval O-365K HE shell has no fuse delay, losing a bit in close-range penetration.
{{:85 mm/54.6 ZIS-C-53 (85 mm)/Ammunition|85 mm O-365K, 85 mm BR-365}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==

The ZiS-S-53 is a variant of the Red Army's 85 mm air defense gun M1939 (GAU designation 52-K).

The gun was used on river gunboats such as the [[MBK pr.186]] in the original [[T-34-85]] turret mounts. However, in 1944, TsKB-34 built a specialized turret mount that traded armour for elevation angles. Designated the MK-85 by the Soviet Navy, the turret was used to arm the [[MBK pr.186 (MK 85)|later variants of the MBK pr.186]] along with the [[Pr.191]] boats that began to supplement it. It was also mounted on some of the Pr.30 Bis destroyers after World War II.

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|LWjiIdzTi_w|'''The Shooting Range #294''' - ''Round Study'' section at 09:15 compares the rounds BR-365A and BR-367.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR tank cannons}}
{{China tank cannons}}
{{Sweden tank cannons}}
{{USSR naval cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]
[[Category:Naval cannons]]

90-K (85 mm)

2024-01-06T11:20:43Z

U104930763: /* History */ ]

[[File:90-K on MPK Pr.122bis.png|thumb|x250px|85 mm 90-K on the [[MPK Pr.122bis]]]]

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|ussr_mpk_122bis}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_mpk_163}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

The 90-K is a variant of the 85 mm air defense gun M1939 (GRAU designation 52-K), an 85 mm anti-aircraft gun more famous for its adaptation as the primary weapon of the [[T-34-85]]. From June to August of 1941, this Red Army anti-aircraft weapon was tested on the mount of the [[34-K (76 mm)|34-K]] as a more powerful replacement for the Soviet Navy's medium anti-aircraft gun. While it entered production at Factory No. 8 at Sverdlovsk in 1942, the gun wasn't officially accepted into service until after the end of World War II in June 1946. The 90-K were mounted on the [[MPK Pr.122bis]], [[MPK-163]] river boats, the ''Yasterb''-class patrol boats, the ''Kalinin'' and ''Kaganovich''-class cruisers, and on destroyers such as the [[Ognevoy|''Ognevoy''-class]]. Production was transferred to Factory No. 92 in Gorky in 1949 which continued production into the 1950s. 37 were still in Soviet Navy service when the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 and 90-K remains in use on the ''Skoryy''-class destroyers and some small river boats in the Chinese PLAN.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR naval cannons}}

[[Category:Naval cannons]]

AML-90

2023-12-31T18:38:45Z

U104930763: /* See also */ +Eland

{{About
| about = French light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = AML-90 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_aml_90
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==


The AML-90 was developed by the French company Panhard in the late 1950s, as a response to a commission by the French Ministry of Defense. It was based on the earlier AML-60, which mounted a 60 mm mortar as its main weapon. The AML-90 replaced the mortar with a DEFA low-pressure 90 mm rifled gun capable of firing high-explosive and high-explosive anti-tank shells. As the developer of the AML-90, France used it extensively, using it for police work, counter-insurgency, and reconnaissance among other tasks.

Introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]], the '''{{Specs|name}}''' relies heavily on its speed and good positioning to avoid getting killed, since the AML-90's lack of armour means that any shot, even heavy machine guns, can and likely will result in death. Therefore, it should be used in flanking manoeuvres, harassing enemies, capturing points, and supporting allies. Its 90 mm cannon is adequate for this job, however the use of a HEAT projectile means that one-shots are rare. Since it is a wheeled vehicle, it may get stuck in some terrains, and as such using it in flat areas should be prioritized.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret)
* Structural steel (mudguards, storage boxes)
* Wheel (tires)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 10 mm (51°) ''Upper glacis'' <br> 10 mm (17°) ''Upper glacis'' || 10 mm (4°) ''Front half'' <br> 10 mm (6°) ''Rear half'' || 10 mm ''Upper plate'' <br> 10 mm (46°) ''Upper glacis'' <br> 10 mm (20°) ''Lower glacis'' || 10 mm (40°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 10 mm (44°) ''Rear glacis''
|-
|Turret || 12 mm (30°) ''Turret front'' <br> 12 mm (8°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 10 mm (17-21°) <br> 10 mm ''Viewports'' || 10 mm (16°) || 10 mm (16°) ''Front part'' <br> 10 mm ''Rear part'' <br> 8 mm ''Gunner hatch''
|-
|Cupola || colspan="4" style="text-align:center" | 8 mm (spherical)
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Wheels are 10 mm thick and a spare wheel covers the left side of the hull.
* Storage boxes and mudguards are 5 mm thick.
* The belly is 8 mm thick.
* The gun barrel is 20 mm thick.

The {{PAGENAME}} lacks protection against heavy machine gun fire and is susceptible to damage by light machine gun fire. The crew is located in a rather small compartment, making the armoured car prompt to being knocked out by a single shot from almost any direction. It is also vulnerable to overpressure, meaning chemical energy ammunition will take out your vehicle regardless of where they impact. A kinetic energy ammunition can damage your AML through the projectile itself or the spalling generated but the inflicted damages are lesser and has a higher chance to knock out the crew members or critical modules than to destroy the vehicle. The thin armour has a chance to not activate fused shells like APHE, APCBC, etc, although it will trigger HEAT, HEATFS, HE rounds, and ATGMs.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=139|rbMinHp=80}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|DEFA F1 (90 mm)}}

The AML-90 uses a powerful 90 mm DEFA F1 low pressure cannon. The AML-90 comes with a stock OCC 60-62 HEATFS ammunition, capable of penetrating most tanks at its BR at any distance. It should be noted that the AML-90 only carries 20 rounds at max, meaning all rounds should be aimed for a kill shot as the small capacity will make the tank ammunition deplete faster than in other tanks if precautions are not taken. Commanders should always shoot to kill in the least shots necessary, know center of mass, ammunition racks, etc to successfully engage a target.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DEFA F1 (90 mm)|90 mm DEFA F1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 20 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 23.8 || 32.9 || 40.0 || 44.2 || 47.1 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.9 || 17.5 || 21.3 || 23.5 || 25.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:DEFA F1 (90 mm)/Ammunition|OCC 60-62, OE 90 F1, OFUM PH90-F2}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''20''' || 17 ''(+3)'' || 11 ''(+9)'' || 6 ''(+14)'' || 1 ''(+19)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Racks 3 and 4 are first stage ammo racks. They total 10 shells and get filled first when loading up the tank.
** These racks are also emptied early: the rack depletion order at full capacity is: 3 - 4 - 1 - 2.
** Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammunition from rack 1 then 2 into ready rack 4 then 3. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready racks.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|A-A-F1N (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[A-A-F1N (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm A-A-F1N]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,200 (100) || 900 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 800 (100) || 900 || -10°/+40° || ±120°
|-
|}
The small calibre of the A-A-F1N machine guns makes them largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. They still can be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help or to mow down minor obstacles blocking your line of sight.

== Usage in battles ==

AML-90 should be primarily used as a scout flanking vehicle due to its high speed, low profile, scouting capabilities and firepower (tremendous for such a small vehicle). The AML-90 has primarily 3 uses:

'''Scouting:'''

As its name says, scouting. When on large maps, the scouting ability should be used at its full potential. The low profile and high speed make it able to crawl to cover fast and without creating much suspicion, while marking targets for friendlies to engage.

'''Flanking:'''

Due to the high speed and really powerful gun, the AML-90 can be used to hit any enemy from the back. This tactic should be a "Hit n' Run", you should disable or destroy targets and leave before they can engage you. The powerful gun can even be able to take on a [[Maus]] or [[E-100]] if used properly (320 mm of penetration at all ranges at 0°). Use smoke to cover your trail when you have been spotted.

'''Sniping:'''

Despite the optics not having a huge zoom, it is enough to be able to detect, target and engage enemy vehicles at all ranges thanks to the HEATFS round. Be aware of your ammo as it can only carry 20, so make all shots count. It also creates a relatively small smoke trail when firing compared to other cannons at the battle rating (105 mm, other 90 mm, 122 mm) thanks to the muzzle brake. Bushes can also be used to make this vehicle invisible due to its low profile. A big bunch of branches can cover almost 70% of the front of the AML-90, making it a moving and deadly bush. It also creates a small engine sound that will be, most of the time, masked up by other tanks, giving you a stealth capability which can be exploited in urban combat.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Its very small size makes it easy to get around and avoid shots
* 320 mm penetrating HEATFS ammo should be able to take care of any expected enemies
* Has access to smoke grenades and smoke shells that will allow it to move around unseen
* Has a roof mounted 7.62 mm that can be good to shoot planes and open-topped vehicles
* Armour is thin enough to not fuse some high calibre APHE shells, most notably from Soviet cannons

'''Cons:'''

* Prone to overpressure damage
* Only has a crew of 3, a single shot will most likely knock the {{PAGENAME}} out
* Only 10 to 12 mm of frontal armour, can get penetrated by .50 cal HMG fire and other small-calibre weapons
* Very low ammo count of 20 shells
* Terrible brakes, it will take you 20 metres to stop
* Wheeled vehicle mobility: any obstacle makes you lose a lot of speed (walls, fences, potholes, hills)
* Taking smoke shells means having to take less HEATFS on the already limited ammo storage

== History ==


===Design===
The AML-90 is a variant of a light armoured car developed by the French company Panhard in the late 1950s. It was designed to replace the older and less capable scout vehicles that the French Army had used during World War II, such as the AMD 35, Laffly S15, and the Daimler Ferrets. The AML family of cars had a four-wheel drive chassis, a three-man crew, and the AML-90 had a 90 mm low-pressure gun that could fire high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) shells. The AML-90 was also very agile and compact, making it suitable for reconnaissance and raiding missions in various terrains.

===Development===
The first prototypes were tested in 1959 and the vehicles entered service in 1961. The early versions were armed with a 60 mm mortar in the turret. A new turret integrating a 90 mm cannon was developed the same year they entered service. The AML was an export success with many armies around the world adopting the AML-90, in particular African or Middle-Eastern countries with limited budgets. Almost 5,000 units were produced.

===Combat usage===
The AML-90 saw service in the French Army and in numerous armies around the world, the most renowned foreign operators being South Africa, Spain, Israel, Saudi Arabia and Iraq. The AML-90 saw combat action during many conflicts throughout the years: Six-Day War, South African Border War, Iran-Iraq war, Toyota War among the most know and remains in service until today.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fr_aml_90 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|hcvwEs84aTs|'''The Shooting Range #194''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:30 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|zCszs4cJ0DU|'''My Best Scout Game Ever - {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''PhlyDaily''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[AUBL/74]]
*[[Eland 90 Mk.7]] - South African version

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Panhard_AML|[Wikipedia] Panhard AML]]
* [https://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/France/Panhard_AML.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Panhard AML]

{{TankManufacturer Panhard}}
{{France light tanks}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

T-72A

2023-12-31T16:50:07Z

U104930763: /* External links */ +manufacturer template

{{About
| about = Soviet medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = T-72 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_t_72a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|GarageImage_T-72A_(1983).jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''T-72A''' is the second variant of the [[T-72 (Family)|T-72 main battle tank family]]. It is a member of one of the most extensive and vast main battle families, with nearly 25,000 units of all variants built. The second variant, T-72A, has several improvements over the first variant, which is also known as "Ural." The TPD-2-49 coincidence optical rangefinder has been replaced with the TPD-K1 laser rangefinder, and a modern electronic fire control has been added. The turret front is heavily armoured with composite armour, and there are provisions for mounting explosive reactive armour (ERA) and smoke grenade launchers. In the 1980s, a large number of the first variants, the T-72 "Ural", were also modernized and upgraded to this standard.

Introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]], the T-72A is a manoeuvrable tank, but it has poor acceleration and handling. Its low reverse speed and hull traverse set it apart from its Western counterparts. It does, however, have a reasonably powerful engine that allows it to easily traverse rough terrain. During battles, the quartz core turret will help to resist many shots. This tank's armament includes a powerful and accurate gun. Overall, it is a formidable tank that served as the spearhead of the Soviet Army ground forces during the Cold War.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The T-72A's hull armour is practically the same as the T-64A's; textolite middle sandwiched between two RHA plates. The difference is that the T-72As upper glacis is angled at one degree further back than that of the T-64A and the use of Quartz core instead of High-Hardness Rolled Armour (HHRA) in the turret. Like the T-64 and T-80 line, the T-72A has a carousel-type autoloader centred under the turret. This means that a penetrating hit to the centre of the tank has a high chance of leading to an ammunition detonation and subsequent launch of the turret. This is however slightly less likely to happen with the T-72As type of autoloader, where the charges are stored horizontally (as "=") in comparison to the T-64/-80 type, where the charge sits vertically and is easier to hit.

Spare ammunition not inside the 22 round carousel is however spread more randomly around the fighting compartment. Therefore, bringing only 23 rounds (for 1 in the gun and 22 in the carousel) limits the chance of the spare ammo detonating in the case of a turret hit. There are two diesel tank ammo racks within the tank - one to the right of the driver and one between the engine and fighting compartment (with some loose ammo above it). It doesn't take much to realize that like most Soviet MBTs, the T-72A is rather explosive if extra ammo is taken, so great care is needed when showing the hull. The driver should also be aware of having only 3 crew members; if one is knocked out they should be sure to return to an objective point as soon as possible to get a new one.

'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 60 mm (68°) <br> 16 mm ''Add-on steel plate'' (68°) || 80 mm ''Top'' <br> 20 mm ''Bottom'' || 40 mm || 30 mm ''Frontal roof'' <br> 20 mm ''Engine deck roof''
|-
| Turret || 200-280 mm ''Turret front'' (variable angles) <br> 150 - 400 mm ''Gun mantlet'' (variable angles) || 130-240 mm || 75 mm || 45 mm
|-
| Cupola || 100 mm (variable angles) || 100 mm (variable angles) || 100 mm (variable angles) || 45 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and torsion bars are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 1209|rbMinHp= 690|AoAweight= 0.8}}

The T-72A is a slow and sluggish tank which has poor acceleration and handling. It has really poor reverse speed as well as hull traverse. However, it has a powerful engine which makes it capable of pulling and pushing enemy tanks as well as move through rough terrain with ease. It does not have enough horsepower to climb over steep elevations. Speed-wise, it has a decent top speed (~60-70 km/h) which under specific situations it is able to be reached.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|2A46M (125 mm)}}

The T-72A has the powerful 2A46M 125 mm smoothbore cannon. It has a powerful selection of rounds, each with different uses and similarities between same types.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[2A46M (125 mm)|125 mm 2A46M]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 44 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+13° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 19.0 || 26.3 || 32.0 || 35.4 || 37.6 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 7.10
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 11.9 || 14.0 || 17.0 || 18.8 || 20.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* 3BK12M: this is the stock ammunition which can be seen as poor when in frontal engagements against modern MBTs. However, the HEAT shaped charge as well as not losing penetration over distances makes it a decent round for sniping. However, the speed in said round is not fast and will be hard to aim at long distances.
* 3OF26: HE shell with a massive amount of explosive filler. This shell will destroy lightly armoured vehicles such as SPAA with overpressure.
* 3BM9: this is a tier I steel core APFSDS which has the highest muzzle velocity over all the APFSDS seen. However, the weight as well as penetration make it unreliable when facing top tier MBTs frontally.
* 3BM15: this is a tier 2 tungsten core APFSDS which has slightly less muzzle velocity compared to the 3BM9. However, this is the highest penetrating shot seen in the T-72A with increased weight over the 3BM9.
* 3BM22: this is a tier 4 APFSDS which has same ballistic performance as the 3BM15. However, penetration is reduced for a greater weight.

{{:2A46M (125 mm)/Ammunition|3BK12M, 3OF26, 3BM9, 3BM15, 3BM22}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x450px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! Ammo<br>part
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''44''' || ''Projectiles'' <br> ''Propellants'' || 40 ''(+4)'' <br> 40 ''(+4)'' || 29 ''(+15)'' <br> 29 ''(+15)'' || 23 ''(+21)'' <br> 23 ''(+21)'' || 1 ''(+43)'' <br> 1 ''(+43)'' || No
|}
'''Notes''':

* The {{PAGENAME}} uses two-piece ammunition, composed of propellant bags (orange) and projectiles (yellow). Both have separate racks.
* Shells are modelled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* A propellant charge remains in rack 2 after it is emptied and is later fired as part of rack 3. For the purpose of clarity, rack 2 is considered empty even if that charge is still present.
* Rack 4 (autoloader carrousel) is a first stage ammo rack containing 22 projectiles and 22 propellant charges.
** This rack gets filled first when loading up the tank and is also emptied first.
** As the {{PAGENAME}} is equipped with an autoloader, manual reloading of the gun is not possible.
** Once the autoloader magazine has been depleted, you can't shoot until the loader has restocked the autoloader with at least one shell. The restocking time is longer than the normal reload time of the gun. Take this into account when playing.
** Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1 to 3 into rack 4. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready rack.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|NSVT (12.7 mm)|PKT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[NSVT (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm NSVT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 300 (150) || 700 || -4°/+75° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PKT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm PKT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,000 (250) || 700 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The T-72A playstyle is near identical to the [[T-64A (1971)|T-64A]] (and also subsequent Soviet MBTs). One of the key differences between the two vehicles is the T-72A's stronger armour. The quartz core composed turret will also bounce many shots and can even eat up some of the strongest ATGMs. In terms of armament, the T-72A boasts the very powerful and accurate [[2A46M (125 mm)|2A46M]] that Soviet high-rank tankers will quickly become familiar and fall in love with. Make sure to research the 3BM15 sabot rounds as soon as you can (after Parts and FPE of course), as the stock round has mediocre penetration for a sabot.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* [[XM-1 (Chrysler)]]/[[XM-1 (GM)|(GM)]]: Avoid attempting combat with the 3BK18M HEATFS shells, despite their having thin composite armour
* [[AMX-30B2]]/[[AMX-30B2 BRENUS]]: DM23/33 have enough armour penetration to penetrate T-72 driver frontal plates, though all shells are effective against them in return.
* [[Leopard 2K]]: Turret mantlet is resistant to 3BK18M.
* [[AMX-40]]: Turret mantlet and lower frontal plate are highly resistant to 3BK18M.
* [[Strv 103 (Family)|Strv 103]]: Depending on the hull angling, HEATFS rounds such as the 3BK18M might ricochet. APFSDS is recommended to be used when facing it frontally.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Mounts the same powerful 125 mm 2A46 gun as on the T-64 and T-80 (though an earlier version)
* Low profile, small target compared to other countries' main battle tanks
* Early unlocked laser rangefinder makes sniping long distances easier
* Has both smoke grenade launchers and ESS
* Due to thick frontal armour and correct angling, able to deflect most rounds from counterpart tanks of other countries
* Very accurate gun due to the high muzzle velocity of the APFSDS rounds, very effective long-range sniper
* Autoloader continues working even if fighting a fire or replacing a crew member, ready to use upon the fire being extinguished or the gunner having been replaced

'''Cons:'''

* Ammo carousel means your first stage rounds all are centred below the turret, can be easily detonated through a hit to the hull
* Very slow reverse speed and traverse speed, a problem in situations where you cannot back away from an attacking enemy
* 3-man crew makes tank able to be knocked out easier, once one crew member is knocked out, you have to be very careful not to get hit again
* Gun depression inadequate for most hull-down situations, e.g. sniping from a hill or down a valley
* Driver's port is still a weakness
* Poor top speed
* Inferior optics with only one 8x zoom level
* 1st APFSDS modification is inferior to most contemporary rounds and 3BM22 is a Rank IV modification
* Its 2A46 125 mm gun is an early type; the stock ammunition is lacklustre and it cannot fire ATGMs like the T-64B, T-80B, and T-80U
* Glacis armour is not reliable until the add-on armour plate is unlocked (a tier IV modification)
* The tank commander can't fire the main gun if the gunner is knocked out, while it is a frequent feature for opposing MBTs at this BR

== History ==


Development of the T-72 began shortly after the production of the T-64 highlighted several problems which negatively impacted production rates. Among these problems was an unreliable engine, which couldn't be produced at the high rates needed for a smooth production of the T-64 to take place.

In response, the Uralvagonzavod plant began working on a modified version of the T-64, which would use a more reliable and readily available engine, in order to provide the army with a tank fit for mass-production. Apart from this, changes were also made to the armour layout, in order to simplify production and decrease costs. This work resulted in the creation of the Object 172.

Development of the Object 172 continued, and after some trials, the vehicle entered service with the Soviet Army in August 1973, receiving its official designation T-72. Shortly afterwards, the vehicle was permitted for mass production, following the issuing of an official decree in 1974.

The T-72 was also heavily exported to and produced by nations of the Warsaw Pact as well as other countries worldwide, although these vehicles received certain downgrades compared to native Soviet models. Despite this, the T-72 quickly became one of the most widely used tanks in the world, participating in more conflicts than a single devblog could ever cover.

Since production began in 1974, over 20,000 T-72 tanks were built across several modifications in the Soviet Union/Russia alone, with production of more modern variants still ongoing today, even in other countries as well.

''- From [[wt:en/news/5945-development-t-72a-the-globetrotter-en|Devblog]]''

The T-72 series tank was developed as a direct prototype of the T-64 mechanical issues correction. In 1962, while working on the corrections of production problems, specially engine and firepower, a new prototype was developed with the 125 mm 2A46M smoothbore gun and the V-45K diesel engine. This prototype was renamed to Object 172. While being in an unclear political process, decree number 326-113 was issued, freeing Uralvagonzavod from the production of the T-64A. The first batch was produced and set under the name of "Object 172M". It was tested again in 1972 and accepted to service under the name of T-72. License production was sold to multiple countries as well as unit batches to Warsaw pact nations and exported to other countries such as India, Syria, Finland, Iraq and Yugoslavia. After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, some of the independent countries kept the tanks such as Ukraine.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_t_72a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:T-72A WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:T-72A WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:T-72A WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:T-72A WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:T-72A WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:T-72A WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
File:T-72A WTWallpaper 07.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Q6sYNcaVVO0|'''The Shooting Range #88''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 05:01 discusses the T-72.|pW4fRtXKUgs|'''The Shooting Range #132''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:35 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|CJ9sCL1BGy4|'''M1 Abrams vs {{PAGENAME}} vs T-80B''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|_xCgMBOiA8U|'''High-explosive power''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:50 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|UMmdozyPgpU|'''Tanks Chats #110 - T-72''' - ''The Tank Museum''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[T-64 (Family)]]
* [[T-80 (Family)]]
* [[ZTZ96]]{{-}}[[ZTZ96A]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5945-development-t-72a-the-globetrotter-en|[Devblog] T-72A: The Globetrotter]]
* [[wikipedia:T-72|[Wikipedia] T-72]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/USSR/soviet_T-72.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> T-72]
{{TankManufacturer Uralvagonzavod}}
{{USSR medium tanks}}

Template:TankManufacturer Uralvagonzavod

2023-12-31T16:48:14Z

U104930763: + DDR T-72

{{Navigation-Start|Ural Railroad Car Plant (УралВагонЗавод)}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Main Battle Tanks'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-55}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_55a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_55_am}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-62}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_62}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_62m1}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-72}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_72a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_72b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_72b_1989}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_72b3_2011}}
{{Navigation-Line|T-90}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_90a}}
{{Navigation-Line|'''Heavy Tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_is_6}}
{{Navigation-Line|'''Tank Destroyers'''}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_su_122_54}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_it_1}}
{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Export/Captured'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|MBTs}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_59}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_t_62}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_72av_turms}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_kpz_t72m1}}
{{Navigation-First-Line|'''See Also'''}}[[Template:TankManufacturer_Morozov|Morozov Design Bureau]]

{{Navigation-End}}<noinclude>
[[Category:USSR vehicles]]
[[Category:China vehicles]]
[[Category:Tank manufacturers]]
</noinclude>

6P49 (12.7 mm)

2023-12-31T16:33:54Z

U104930763: /* Development */ correction

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|ussr_t_72b3_2011}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_t_90a}}
* {{Specs-Link|ussr_t_90m_2020}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_t_90s_bheeshma}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==

===Development===
The Soviet Union had used the [[NSVT_(12.7_mm)|NSV]] machine gun as its primary heavy machine gun armament since it came to service in the 1970s. However, the break-up of the Soviet Union in the 1990s caused the search for a new heavy machine gun as the "Metallist" factory producing the NSV was in the newly independent Kazakhstan since 1991.<ref name="modernfirearms_Kord">Popenker, n.d.</ref> As such, the new Russian government decided to design and produce a new heavy machine gun in Russia territory to fill in the NSV's role.

The development of the new machine gun was assigned to the Degtyarov plant in Kovrov, which was worked on by a team of arms designer consisting of A. A. Namitulin, N. M. Obidin, Yu. M. Bogdanov and V. I. Zhirokhin.<ref name="Koll_Kord_70">Koll 2009, 70</ref> In 1997, the weapon design was tested by the Russian Army and put into series production. This was later upgraded to a mass production scale in 27 March 2001 at the Degtyarov plant. The weapon was given a {{Annotation|GRAU|Main Rocket and Artillery Administration}} index number '''6P50''', the weapon was also known as the '''KORD''' ("Konstruktsija ORuzheinikov-Degtyarovtsev" – Design of Degtyarov plant team).<ref name="modernfirearms_Kord"/>
[[File:T-72B3 KORD MG 2020.jpg|thumb|x300px|right|none|A turret-mounted 6P49 KORD machine gun on a [[T-72B3]] being fired.]]

===Design and variants===
The KORD weapon is an automatic-only, gas-operated via long-stroke piston, belt-fed machine gun with a cyclic rate of between 650-750 rounds per minute. The KORD shares the same mounting interface as the NSV as well as uses the same 50-round non-disintegrating belt as the NSV. The designers implemented into the KORD a quick-change barrel for firing for extended period of time and a multi-baffle muzzle brake for recoil reduction, sufficiently so that the KORD could be fired from a shoulder stock attachment.<ref name="modernfirearms_Kord"/> The weapon could be configured to feed the belt from either the left or right side. The KORD is also considered more accurate than the NSV, up to 1.5 times more so due to its mean deviation at a 100 m range being less than 300 mm.<ref name="Koll_Kord_70"/> The KORD comes with iron sights that can be adjusted up to 2,000 meter range, though a mounting slot on the receiver left side can accept optical or electro-optical sights.<ref name="Koll_Kord_70"/>

The KORD index number varies by the type of mounting installed on the weapon, with the 6P50 as the baseline
* ''6P49'': Use in a vehicle turret mountings with an electrically actuated solenoid sear<ref name="Koll_Kord_70"/><ref name="Degtyarev_6P49/51">V.A.Degtyarev Plant, n.d., 6P49 (6P51)</ref>
* ''6P51'': Use in vehicle coaxial mountings with a left-side feeding.<ref name="Koll_Kord_70"/><ref name="Degtyarev_6P49/51"/>
* ''6P56'': Use with 6U16 multi-purpose mount for engaging air or ground target.<ref name="RussianCSA_6P50">Russian Combat Small Arms, n.d.</ref>
* ''6P57'': Use with infantry with the 6T19 bipod.<ref name="Degtyarev_6P57">V.A.Degtyarev Plant, n.d., 6P57</ref>
* ''6P58'': Mounted on a 6U16 multi-purpose mount for use on helicopters and automobiles.<ref name="Degtyarev_6P58">V.A.Degtyarev Plant, n.d., 6P58</ref>
* ''6P59'': Mounted on a 6U16 multi-purpose mount and pedestal stand for use on naval vessels, automobiles, or other stationary instlalations.<ref name="Degtyarev_6P59">V.A.Degtyarev Plant, n.d., 6P59</ref>
* ''6P60'': Use with 6T20 tripod mount.<ref name="Degtyarev_6P60">V.A.Degtyarev Plant, n.d., 6P60</ref>

An export variant of the KORD is also available, chambered in the American .50 BMG calibre.<ref name="Koll_Kord_70"/>
[[File:12.7mmKord - EngineeringTechnologies2010.jpg|thumb|left|none|A 6P57 KORD with a 6T19 bipod installed for infantry use.]]

===Usage in service===
The KORD machine gun were used by Russian infantry and armoured fighting vehicles, sometimes in place of the older NSV machine gun due to the same mounting design. Infantry can use the KORD with a 6T7 tripod and a 6U6 anti-aircraft mount. One configuration used by the infantry is with the 6T19 bipod to be carried and used in the frontline, an ability that benefits from the light recoil the design puts on the user.<ref name="modernfirearms_Kord"/>

Some of the more recent conflicts the KORD was used in is the Syrian Civil War<ref name="Ares_Kord">Smallwood et al. 2014</ref> and the War in the Donbas region of Ukraine.<ref name="InformNapalm_Kord">Gri 2014</ref>{{Clear}}

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[NSVT (12.7 mm)]] - The preceding machine gun

== External links ==


===References===
;Citations:
<references />

;Bibliography:
* Gri, Al. 2014. "The Kord Heavy Machine Gun found in Donbass: Another Russian military 'Flag' Item." Translated by Gennadiy Kornev and Christopher Garfield. Inform Napalm. Last modified December 17, 2014. [https://informnapalm.org/en/kord-heavy-machine-gun-found-donbass-another-russian-military-flag-item/ Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211205151211/https://informnapalm.org/en/kord-heavy-machine-gun-found-donbass-another-russian-military-flag-item/ Archive])
* Koll, Christian. 2009. ''Soviet Cannon: A Comprehensive Study of Soviet Guns and Ammunition in Calibres 12.7MM to 57 MM''. Austria: self-published.
* Popenker, Maxim. n.d. "Kord 12.7." Modern Firearms. Accessed December 05, 2021. [https://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/russia-machineguns/kord-12-7-eng/ Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211205133908/https://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/russia-machineguns/kord-12-7-eng/ Archive]).
* Russian Combat Small Arms. n.d. "«KORD» LARGE CALIBER MACHINE GUN." Accessed December 05, 2021. [http://gunrf.ru/rg_pulemet_kord_eng.html Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211205161350/http://gunrf.ru/rg_pulemet_kord_eng.html Archive]).
* Smallwood, Michael, and Yuri Lyamin. 2014. "Russian Kord and ASVK systems in Syria." Armament Research Services. Last modified November 30, 2014. [https://armamentresearch.com/russian-kord-and-asvk-systems-in-syria/ Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211205151326/https://armamentresearch.com/russian-kord-and-asvk-systems-in-syria/ Archive]).
* V.A.Degtyarev Plant. n.d. "12.7 mm Kord machine-gun on infantry mount 6Т20 (index 6P60)." Accessed December 05, 2021. [https://www.zid.ru/eng/products/shooting-guns/4594/ Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211205160733/https://www.zid.ru/eng/products/shooting-guns/4594/ Archive])
* V.A.Degtyarev Plant. n.d. "12.7 mm Kord machine-gun on the bipod 6T19 (index 6P57)." Accessed December 05, 2021. [https://www.zid.ru/eng/products/shooting-guns/4593/ Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211205160104/https://www.zid.ru/eng/products/shooting-guns/4593/ Archive])
* V.A.Degtyarev Plant. n.d. "12,7 mm Kord machine-gun on the mounting 6U16 (index 6P58)." Accessed December 05, 2021. [https://www.zid.ru/eng/products/shooting-guns/4595/ Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211205160304/https://www.zid.ru/eng/products/shooting-guns/4595/ Archive])
* V.A.Degtyarev Plant. n.d. "12,7 mm Kord machine-gun on the mounting 6U16 and stand (index 6P59)." Accessed December 05, 2021. [https://www.zid.ru/eng/products/shooting-guns/4596/ Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211205160529/https://www.zid.ru/eng/products/shooting-guns/4596/ Archive])
* V.A.Degtyarev Plant. n.d. "12.7 mm Kord tank mounted machine-gun (index 6P49 (6P51))." Accessed December 05, 2021. [https://www.zid.ru/eng/products/shooting-guns/4597/ Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211205155908/https://www.zid.ru/eng/products/shooting-guns/4597/ Archive])

{{Tank machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]

SU-100P

2023-12-31T14:52:13Z

U104930763: /* See also */ +vehicle with same chassis

{{About
| about = Soviet tank destroyer '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = SU-100 (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_su_100p
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (Object 105) was a Soviet prototype self-propelled howitzer. It was the main competitor to Object 416, which was being developed at the same time. One of its standout features was the D-50 anti-tank cannon, which was a modified D-10 with a higher muzzle velocity and was specifically designed for the vehicle. However, flaws in the design were discovered during testing. Notably, the gun, chassis, lifting mechanism, and a number of other components were discovered to be unreliable, causing numerous issues. As a result, the {{Specs|name}} faced significant challenges and required an overhaul in design to address these issues and improve its overall performance. Although the {{Specs|name}} was making significant progress, the project was ultimately canceled due to Khrushchev's views on the future of tank warfare, which did not see self-propelled guns as a viable option. But its potential wasn't fully wasted, as the chassis of the {{Specs|name}} was the basis of many other designs.

The {{Specs|name}} was introduced in [[Update 1.71 "New E.R.A."]]. Like most other Soviet tank destroyers, it is best used as a sniper. On the other hand, because of its mobility, it can easily access areas where other tanks might struggle, making it well suited for flanking. Those looking for a powerful and accurate gun will not be disappointed either, as this vehicle is equipped with a D-50 100mm anti-tank cannon, which is a modified [[D-10T (100 mm)|D-10]]. Overall, the {{Specs|name}} is a highly capable and versatile vehicle.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The armour on the SU-100P is mediocre except against low-calibre machine guns. Due to being an open vehicle, any tank with machine guns is able to kill the crew (with exception of the driver). This has its benefits as it is considered a "glass cannon with paper armour", meaning it barely has armour but said armour is thin enough to not trigger APHE fuses or create any sort of spalling at all, making the survivability of the SU-100P an unreliable armour yet effective in some cases. The main issues with the tank's survivability are front shots. Rounds fired at the hull will not only destroy engine but will create enough spalling to take a considerable amount of crew members, not only the driver but also the loaders. The crew on the turret are somewhat safe due to the high elevation. This is also an issue as the spalling can over penetrate and hit the ammo rack which is located at the back of the tank. Side shots, on the other hand, will only take the engine, lit the tank on fire and kill the driver if the round is fired at the center of mass of the hull, leaving the turret fully operational. Due to the construction of the turret, most front shots will take 2 crew members at most (commander and a loader or gunner and a loader). Front shots (unless they are at an angle) will not disable your breech most of the times, side shots will destroy the breech and take the two turret members. Due to the way the turret is arranged, most of the players will kill your commander trying to disable your gunner (as gunner in most tanks is located at the left side of the turret if seen from the front, in this case the gunner is at the right side of the turret if seen from the front) leaving them defenceless while they reload and retreat and only being able to fire machine guns but the armour is enough to stop machine gun fire.

One of the most noticeable double-edged swords is the turret rotation mechanism. Due to being a manual guidance, the turret rotation and gun elevation is really slow but due to this, the SU-100P will not be affected if the tank loses all of its power compared to the rest of the tanks which have a hydraulic assisted rotation, this is an advantage if the engine is taken out.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, gun shield, gun mantlet)
* Structural steel (gun breech, gun mount)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 15 mm (74°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 25 mm (31°) ''Radiator housing'' <br> 25 mm (16°) ''Lower glacis - upper part'' <br> 15 mm (49°) ''Lower glacis - lower part'' || 15 mm <br> 5 mm ''Radiator vent'' || 8 mm (21°) || 6 mm (86°) ''Front'' <br> 6 mm (81°) ''Rear''
|-
| Gun shield || 20 mm (30°) ''Front'' <br> 25 mm ''Gun mantlet (spheric)'' || 15 mm || N/A || 6 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.
* Bottom of the hull is 6 mm thick.
* The engine is placed in front of the vehicle and can absorb shots to some extent.

The armour on the SU-100P is best described as non-existent and although it may sometimes not trigger APHE fuses it would be unwise to rely on it in any way especially since most of your crew is exposed to MG fire and overpressure mechanics.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


The {{PAGENAME}} has good mobility with a top speed of 70 km/h on a flat road capable of getting you into good firing positions early-on in the battle. It does benefit from neutral steering when idling but not while on the move (the unsolicited track just locks, making it more difficult to turn as you lose speed). The reverse speed is good enough to enable you to disengage easily and play peek-a-boo with the enemy.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=568|rbMinHp=354}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|D-50 (100 mm)}}

The main gun is a 100 mm rifled D-50 cannon, almost identical to the D-10T of the [[T-44-100]] and [[T-54 (1947)|T-54]]/[[T-55A|55]] only with a higher velocity. The armament is very powerful for its BR but lacks a fully traversable turret.

The open configuration of the turret gives the 100 mm an impressive 7.5 seconds reload time with an upgraded crew.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[D-50 (100 mm)|100 mm D-50]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+37° || rowspan="2" | ±77° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 6.2 || 8.5 || 10.4 || 11.5 || 12.2 || rowspan="2" | 9.75 || rowspan="2" | 8.63 || rowspan="2" | 7.95 || rowspan="2" | 7.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 4.2 || 4.9 || 6.0 || 6.6 || 7.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The main ammunition of the SU-100P is the BR-412 with the BR-412D variant being the most deadly with the best penetration values especially at longer distances and with only a smaller TNT filler (93.94g equivalent) compared to the BR-412B (100.1g).

The 3D3 smoke round can be used to provide cover for your team and block the enemy's line of sight.

{{:D-50 (100 mm)/Ammunition|BR-412, BR-412B, BR-412D, 3D3, OF-412}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 1 ''(+49)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Each row of shells is depleted from left to right. Rows are then depleted from front to rear.
* As they are modeled by sets of 2 or 3, shells disappear from the rack only after you've fired all shells in the set.

== Usage in battles ==

The SU-100P is never to be played as a frontline vehicle as the open hull structure is the main weakness which will make enemy team get a free kill by just using their machine guns, this is why the SU-100P should perform the support role. Support role has a wide variety of tactics and course of action, going from a simple cap defender to the enemy's worst flanking nightmare. The tank is one of the most agile, versatile and fast tanks at the battle rating with a really powerful cannon, able to knock out practically any vehicle it faces, most of them even frontally.

'''As a sniper:'''

As expected, the SU-100P has no place in the frontlines and thus it must be used as a support vehicle. Its high speed, relatively low profile, and powerful gun make it one of the best "Hit N' Run" snipers in the BR. This means the SU-100P should stay at a spot, strike as much as possible and relocate in order to avoid detection and enemy engagements. It is not to be used as an extreme long range sniper as it lacks high velocity ammunition (APCR or APDS) and powerful zoom optics (only x8).

'''As a flanker:'''

Whenever the situation feels like being an urban map, a closed and tight spaced place, etc. The SU-100P has all the requirements of being an amazing flanker specially when facing the sluggish and slow German and British tanks such as the [[Panzer V Panther (Family)|Panther]] and [[Centurion (Family)|Centurion]]. Be aware as the SU-100P has no machine guns or smoke grenades, it has a relatively slow reload speed and it is not able to strike as fast if tanks are aware of your presence. Due to the fast speed, it is able to poke-fire-retreat as many times as needed in a continuous way with relative high frequency.

'''Arcade mode'''

Since many opponents will see the SU-100P immediately due to Arcade markers, it is necessary to either avoid general sightlines or use cover and/or solid sight obstructions to shield the SU-100P from immediate destruction. Whenever you have to leave the cover to move, aim the gun in direction of the presumable enemy position, as otherwise they will machine gun the entire crew in a single swipe. The constant airstrikes of AB will likely destroy the SU-100P, as players tend to aim for vulnerable tanks or for the tanks of the top players on the enemy team. In the case if you match both criteria the entire enemy team might just focus on strafing your tank and there isn't much you can do, but try to destroy every fighter on the enemy team by calling one yourself. For the same reason, the SU-100P is not easy to use in a losing team or as a third tank in a lineup.

The stock performance of the SU-100P is not enough to get into position fast or fight most opponents fair and square, so more obscure arcade aim assist functions should be abused. For example, it is possible to fire through many buildings with kinetic shells, and with high keen vision it is possible to find enemy tanks and briefly mark them while standing behind a house. After that, even though the SU-100P can't scout and make markers remain active for a while, it still can select the tank and fire at its silhouette into presumable weak part semi-blindly before it disappeared. Generally, enemies do not expect such trickery and do not respond to such shots, because they do not see who fires at them, or because they use HEAT projectiles and can't fire through obstacles, or even do not understand how that works. Even though this strategy is only available on certain maps, it can allow for some RP gain to unlock the best shell, which can penetrate most down-tier tanks head-on, including panthers, without much issue.

After gaining some upgrades to douse fires, increase accuracy and penetrate its opponents easier, the SU-100P can imitate the [[YaG-10 (29-K)]]'s playstyle by firing broadside to the right, as many opponents will either hit the engine, which shields the driver, or hit one or several of the turret crew members. For better results, some temporary cover can be chosen as to avoid being fired at by an entire squad and to disallow better players to hit the ammo rack directly, as it could easily happen with aim assist on. After the mobility upgrades were unlocked, the SU-100P can finally flank like a light tank and play super aggressively, as often it only loses non-critical crew when first shot. The rest is up to luck, as each shot can end the SU-100P or do almost nothing depending on enemy aim quality and ammo choice.

'''List of opponents important notes when facing frontally:'''

* [[Panzer V Panther (Family)|Panther]]/[[M48 Patton (Family)|M48]]/[[M26 (Family)|Pershing]]: all front can be penetrated with BR-412D
* [[Tiger II (Family)|Tiger II]]: gun mantlet can be penetrated by BR-412D, hull is impenetrable (aim at the left side of the turret to take gunner, commander and possibly breech. Aim at right side of the turret if the tank is facing at you for a safe reload as this will take his loader out in case he fired)
* [[Centurion (Family)|Centurion]]: all front can be penetrated with BR-412D
* [[Jagdtiger]]: everything except lower frontal plate is impenetrable
* [[Leopard 1 (Family)|Leopard 1]]/[[AMX-30 (Family)|AMX-30]]: all front can be penetrated with BR-412D and higher penetration rounds
* [[T95]]: gun mantlet and hull are impenetrable, cupolas can be penetrated with APHE

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Hard-hitting and accurate gun
* Reloads as fast or faster than the 85 mm, while using the 100 mm gun
* Decently mobile hull, reasonably high average and maximum speed when spaded (same as on the [[Object 120]] but without the extra weight of the turret)
* It has a turret unlike other SU SPGs, although it can only turn 77 degrees in either side and will not save from a flank by itself
* Very stable hull, shooting on the move and while stopping is easy
* Low silhouette
* Can fight like [[YaG-10 (29-K)]] to prolong its existence for as long as possible if enemy only uses kinetic shells
* There is no reason to not take full ammo load, since if its ammo rack was hit the situation was already unsalvageable

'''Cons:'''

* Any shell capable of overpressure damage will annihilate it in one hit, and many tanks at a BR range have HEAT as their top (or even only) shell
* Crew is exposed to MG fire even from the front due to a poorly placed gun shield, tank can be strafed from the sky with no effort
* Sometimes, APHE hitting the gun shield will detonate the ammo rack as well
* Gun traverse is very slow
* Really awful stock performance, it needs every single upgrade to be good at combat

== History ==

The SU-100P was a project for an artillery piece in 1945 as well as provide anti-armour capabilities and counter battery (against enemy artillery positions). The main objective was to make it capable of destroying enemies with direct fire. As Europe and the United States were developing Self Propelled Howitzers (SPH) which could fire at close positions and relocate with speed, this was a big concern as towed artilleries were being removed and counter battery started to become a harder task. The Russian artilleries at the time did not have the enough gun elevation to accurately provide artillery support even with towed guns, thus, the main focus was to create a gun which had almost a +40° elevation. The gun chosen for it was the D-50 100 mm rifled bore cannon, a derivation from the widely used D-10 100 mm cannon, the main gun used on the SU-100 tank destroyer.

The SU-100P chassis with this turret configuration proved a wide variety of errors and it never saw mass production but it was the base of many prototype and serviced vehicles at the time, pre Cold War and during Cold War, this being the following:

* SU-152 "Taran" SPG (Object 120)
* SU-152P SPH
* ZSU-37-2 SPAA
* 2S3 Akatsiya SPH
* 2S4 Tyulpan SPH
* 1K17 Szhaite SPL
* 2K11 Krug SAM
* 2K10 Ladoga TBMC

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_su_100p Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|jvtWWmkjL3k|'''SU-100P - Just a Bit Controversial''' - ''Napalmratte''|8bPhAEiOuws|'''SU-100P, Soviet, Tier-4, Tank Destroyer''' - ''Angry Nerd Gaming''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[ZSU-37-2]]
* [[Object 120]]
*[[2S3M]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[VFW]]
* [[Waffentrager|Waffenträger]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:SU-100P|[Wikipedia] SU-100P]]
* [https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/su-100p.htm <nowiki>[GlobalSecurity]</nowiki> SU-100P (Obiekt 105)]

{{USSR tank destroyers}}

Vickers Mk.E

2023-12-31T14:04:30Z

U104930763: /* Description */ typo

{{About
| about = Swedish light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the British machine gun
| link = Vickers E (7.7 mm)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_vickers_mk_e_37
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The Vickers Mk.E was developed as a private venture by Vickers to create a light weight, cheap to maintain and produce light tank. Destinated to infantry support three variants were created, the model A with two machine guns in independent turrets, the model B with a QF-3 pounder 47mm cannon and the Vickers Medium Dragon, that was used as a cargo vehicle, mainly as an artillery tractor. While the British army did not use the model A or B, it did use the Dragon model, and the base variant's found service in countries like China, India, Finland and Poland, the vehicle even inspired the Polish 7TP (a modified Vickers Mk.E model B) and the famous T-26 that was, in fact, a licensed produced variant of the Vickers Mk.E with domestically made systems, like optics and a 45mm gun instead of the QF-3 Pounder. The vehicle had very poor performance, however it was developed in 1929 and used up until the 1940s, so it's no surprise that it was severely outclassed by tanks like the Panzer III during the German-Soviet aggression against Poland and then in the Eastern Front or against the T-34 during the continuation war.

The Vickers Mk.E sits at a very low BR, with bad mobility and bad armament it could be considered a mediocre tank, but it still has some things going for him. Unlike American or French 37 mm cannons, the Vickers Mk.E has access to an APHE round, with decent muzzle velocity but with a very small amount of explosive filler (just 15g). Also, the APHE round has lower penetration values than the AP round, but it still should not be a problem, since at rank I most vehicles have no armour and long range shots are very hard, still, it is recommended taking a small amount of AP rounds to deal with heavier targets. Another big point going for the Vickers Mk.E it's the gun depression, at 10 degrees and with a turret placed in a much higher position compared to the hull, peaking trough hills is much easier than in other tanks, but it should be noted that escaping from dangerous situations is very hard, because of a max reverse speed of only 3.6KM/h. Still, even though the armour is very poor, the transmission is quite big for a vehicle of it's size, and it's position allows it to resist some shots that could have potentially killed some crewmembers or damaged internal modules.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The armour on the Vickers Mk.E will only stop rifle-calibre munitions reliably, although some machine guns like the British 7.92 mm BESA or the German 7.92 mm MG34/42 can easily punch through certain 10 mm plates. The unsloped armour plates, combined with their weak protection levels boils down to one conclusion: avoid getting shot at. However, unlike the [[T-26]], the Vickers comes with 4 crewmen, which means that shells with no explosive filler shells may not knock out the entire crew with one hit to the hull, giving you a small chance to fight back, but don't count on this too much.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 10 mm (32°, 59°), 17.5 mm (1°) ''Upper plate''<br>10 mm (80°) ''Upper glacis''<br>17.5 mm (11°) ''Lower plate''<br>10 mm (49°) ''Lower glacis''<br>10 mm (9-59°) ''Driver's port'' || 10 mm || 17.5 mm (1°) ''Upper plate''<br>10 mm (9°) ''Lower plate''|| 5 mm ''Hull''<br>10 mm ''rear''
|-
| Turret || 13.6 mm (10°) ''Turret front'' <br> 13.6 mm (1-71°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 13.6 mm (10°) || 13.6 mm (9°) || 5 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Tracks and suspension wheels are 15 mm thick
* Belly armour is 5 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The Vickers Mk.E has a cruise speed that allows it to keep up with most vehicles at its BR. You will not be doing anything close to racing speeds, but the tank will get you where you need to go in due time.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=143|rbMinHp=81}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
Most Important modifications:

* All the protection tree upgrades
* pstkr 27-34 APHE round
* Horizontal Drive
* Engine and Transmission
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Psv.K/36 (37 mm)}}
The Vickers Mk.E is equipped with the 37 mm Psv.K/36 which is a fairly mediocre weapon performance wise. It is a very low caliber cannon but could be considered superior in terms of performance to the American and German 37mm cannon thanks to its APHE round.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Psv.K/36 (37 mm)|37 mm Psv.K/36]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || 13.3 || 18.4 || 22.4 || 24.8 || 26.4 || rowspan="2" | 4.03 || rowspan="2" | 3.56 || rowspan="2" | 3.29 || rowspan="2" | 3.10
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.3 || 9.8 || 11.9 || 13.2 || 14.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
There are two available rounds:

* an APHE round - Max 55 mm of penetration - Lower penetration but high damage potential.
* an AP shell - Max 62 mm of penetration - Higher penetration but low damage potential.

It's best to take a mix of both types of ammunition, the APHE has the potential to knock out some enemy tanks, but will be completely ineffective against the more heavily-armoured vehicles you'll likely meet when uptiered, for these tanks it's best to use AP and try to aim for crew members if possible.

{{:Psv.K/36 (37 mm)/Ammunition|psav Vj4, pstkr 27-34}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 43 ''(+7)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Note''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Turret empty: 43 ''(+7)'' shells.
{{Clear}}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|ksp m/36 (8 mm)}}
The small calibre of the ksp m/36 machine gun makes it only suited to damage open-topped vehicles or low-flying aircraft. The belt is large enough to fire continuously at the enemy for at least 20 seconds.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ksp m/36 (8 mm)|8 mm ksp m/36]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,000 (250) || 649 || - || -
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

It is recommended to play the Vickers Mk.E in a support role, flanking the battlefield and finding a good position to support your teammates from. The 37 mm cannon has quite good characteristics with its rounds (APHE, AP) being able to deal a fair amount of damage to enemy vehicles from short and long ranges. The fast reload allows for quick adjustment of aim between shots, meaning the Vickers Mk.E can be a highly effective flanking vehicle if a good camping spot is found. The gun depression of 10 degrees allow it to hide its hull to be less visible to the enemy. Keeping back at long-range is certainly an effective way to avoid taking damage.

The lack of armour is something to be kept in mind, because heavy-calibre machine guns like the 12.7 mm M2HB and 13.2 mm Breda Model 31 will be able to go through your thickest plates of armour. Because of this, it is recommended to try your best to avoid enemy vehicles getting the first shot. Driving under cover is advisable to avoid being spotted.

It is also worth keeping in mind that the Vickers Mk.E only has a reverse speed of -4 km/h. This is important to remember when driving into potential enemy fire. It is recommended to be aware of enemy positions and cover, as a retreat will be a lot slower than an advance.

Be aware that enemy aircraft with bombs or powerful guns can easily take out the Vickers Mk.E. It is advised to stick to the treeline to avoid being spotted and attacked. The Vickers Mk.E has little anti-aircraft capabilities so it is also advised to let the friendly SPAAs deal with aircraft.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* [[Pz.II (Family)|Pz.II]] and other tanks with autocannons can shred your armour and the modules behind it. Generally, it is advised not to engage head on but if you are forced to, then make sure you get off the first shot before they start spraying.
* [[:Category:Anti-aircraft vehicles|SPAAs]] - Nearly every anti-aircraft vehicle at the tier will be able to penetrate and destroy the Vickers Mk.E with ease. Not to mention that SPAAs guns have high rates of fire. As with any other vehicles, it is advised to shoot first. Certain SPAAs which are commonly underestimated like the French [[P.7.T AA]], and [[CCKW 353 AA]] and the American [[M15 CGMC]], and should be especially noted, as despite not having 20 mm autocannons like their Axis counterparts, they all have weapons capable of efficiently knocking out a Vickers Mk.E.
* The [[D2]] and some other french tanks have over 40 mm of armour which is is thick enough to stop you from penetrating them when at range or when they angle. It's advised to avoid engaging them from the front or at ranges above 500 m and instead moving closer to them to maximise the chances of penetration.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The APHE round has a adequate penetration and inflicts potent post-penetration damage
* Very short reload time
* Fairly accurate gun at short to medium ranges
* Adequate gun depression
* Favourable ammo racks positioning (less chance of ammo detonation)

'''Cons:'''

* Poor protection, side armour can be penetrated even by light machine guns
* Struggles against better-armoured foes like the D2
* Slow reverse speed
* Poor turret traverse speed
* Very bad acceleration from 0 km/h to cruise speed

== History ==

The Vickers Mk.E also called Vickers 6 ton was a private venture by Vickers to develop a light weight, cheap and easy to maintain tank that could be produced in large numbers and mainly be used in infantry support. As such, different variants were developed, including one with only machine guns, one with a QF-3 pounder gun (47mm gun) with two crewmembers and other variants developed by other nations. For it's time it was a very revolutionary design, and inspired many other tanks, like the Polish 7TP, the Finnish variant of the Mk.E with a 37mm cannon, and the famous T-26, that was in fact a licensed Vickers Mk.E produced by the Soviet Union with small changes and the incorporation of domestically made equipment's, like a 45mm gun instead of the QF-3 Pounder.

The Mk.E was patented in 1929 and presented to the British goverment, even though it's two man turret was a really good innovation by the time, the British Armed Forces were not interested in the design, since they preferred a combination of medium/heavy tanks with slightly armoured tankettes. Vickers envisioned the Mk.E as a very promising vehicle and went for already proven concepts and equipment's. This meant that it used the already proven and very reliable Armstrong Siddeley Puma, a petrol aviation derivative design capable of 80-95 bhp or 60-70 kW, giving a speed of 22 mph (35 km/h). The armour consisted of riveted panels of no more than 25mm (1 inch) of thickness. This made the tank specially vulnerable to AT-Rifles and autocannons but was cheap to manufacture and easy to repair/replace without advanced tools or formation. But even with this characteristics the vehicle proved unsatisfactory to the British Armed Forces, and was then promoted in the international market. It's cheap and reliable design allowed the vehicle to reach the USSR, Greece, Poland, Bolivia, Siam, Finland, Portugal, China and Bulgaria. A total of 153 units of the Vickers Mk.E were produced, and most were operated up until the 1940s, when their obsolence became more than obvious. Another version was developed, the Vickers Medium Dragon, a tracked cargo vehicle that was adopted by the British Army in small numbers as artillery tractors, China, India and Thailand also used this variant in small numbers.
[[File:Vickers parola 1.jpg|thumb|458x458px|Finnish Vickers Mk.E]]
Finland was one of the main operators of the Vickers Mk.E. In fact, it probably was one of the countries that used it and modified it the most. Finland replaced it's aging Renault FTs with this new design. While the early test models performed poorly and were not suited for combat by Finnish words, the Vickers-Carden-Loyd Model 1933 had much better cross country performance and was actually praised by it's easiness to drive. So, the B model was introduced into service, since it's AT gun was seeing as better suited than the A model only armed with machine guns. An order for 32 tanks was placed at a price of £4,500 each, to save money, tanks did not include radio, optics or even armament. Deliveries occurred between 1937 and 1939 but many issues like the escalation in Europe, overheating problems with the engines and delays in deliveries made that by 1939 only 10 tanks were ready, even though 26 were already delivered.

Due to the lack of equipment, the tanks were fitted with a licensed produced version of the 37mm Bofors anti-tank gun, adapted into a tank gun role that had superior armor penetration capabilities than the 47mm gun offered by Vickers. Home made straight-through telescopic sight type with a simple crosshair reticle were produced and their poor quality proved lethal in combat, and were considered junky and unpleasant by tank crews. Some vehicles used the same guns as the Renault FTs as a desperate measure to arm them during the Winter War, training tanks also used this configuration as well as a M/09-31 Maxim machine-gun on the right side of the Puteaux in a semi-coaxial housing. However by 1941 and even during the continuation war the remaining Vickers Mk.E were armed with soviet 45mm cannons that proved much more lethal, as well as 7.62mm DT machine guns with a much higher rate of fire and more reliability.

During the Winter War and the Continuation war the tanks performed poorly, and even worst as the war progressed and more capable designs appeared in the battlefield, like the BT-7 and the T-34. The Vickers Mk.E had no chance to fight against this opponents and their more recognizable action was during the Battle of Honkaniemi, were after just three hours the attack was cancelled, with less than half of the tanks assigned to the battle reaching the starting point, some got stuck in the irregular terrain and others had problems communicating with allied forces. 5 tanks were knocked out of the fight but 1 was able to be retrieved to the starting point, Finland lacked any sort of experience with armoured formations, and their poor quality equipment's like bad optics and lack of radio in the tanks, as well as inexperienced crews and vastly numerical superiority on the side of the Soviets proved fatal in Honkaniemi.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=sw_vickers_mk_e_37 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* [[T-26 (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/finland/vickers-6-ton-in-finnish-service/ Vickers Mark E Type B in Finnish Service - Tank Encyclopedia]
* [https://tank-afv.com/ww2/gb/vickers_6-ton-light-tank.php Vickers 6-Ton (Mark E) 1929 - Tank-afv]
* [[wikipedia:Vickers_6-ton|Vickers 6-ton - Wikipedia]]

{{Manufacturer Vickers-Armstrongs}}
{{Sweden light tanks}}

Ferdinand

2023-12-31T12:08:29Z

U104930763: /* Combat usage */ +link

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_panzerjager_tiger_P_ferdinand
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' ([[Abbreviations#.28DE.29_Sd.Kfz._Index|Sd.Kfz. Index:]] '''Sd.Kfz. 184''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before Update 1.41.

A formidable armoured tank destroyer design, the Ferdinand can withstand most frontal shots when faced from a long distance, yet deliver a devastating attack with its 88 mm cannon.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides (Slope angle) !! Rear (Slope angle) !! Roof (Slope angle)
|-
| Hull || 100 + 100 mm (6°) ''Front plate'' <br> 80 mm (85°), 100 + 100 mm (35°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 80, 100 mm (38-39°) ''Lower glacis'' || 80 mm || 80 mm (7-43°) ''Top'' <br> 80 mm (5-62°) ''Bottom'' || 20 mm ''Hull roof'' <br> 80 mm ''Engine deck''
|-
| Superstructure || 200 mm (20°) ''Casemate front'' <br> 60 + 80 + 200 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 85 mm (28-29°) || 80 mm (20°) || 30 mm (87°)
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 25 mm thick and tracks are 30 mm thick.
* The hull roof is some part 20 mm thick in areas while it is 80 mm thick more in the center area.
* Belly armour is 20 mm thick.
* Hull underside right above tracks are 25 mm thick.
* 30 mm RHA plates separate the engine compartment from the front and rear crew compartments.
* A 30 mm RHA plate separates the driver and assistant driver.

The Ferdinand's front armour is superb with 100 + 100 mm on the largest spots, the front hull and casemate structure. However, these armour plates are not very angled so if in possession of a gun able to penetrate 200+ mm, there's a high chance it will penetrate Ferdinand's front.

If not, there are certain weak points in the front that could be used. The first are the side cheeks on the front hull, next to the 200 mm cumulative plates. These are only 80 mm thick and is angled so that they are ~120 mm effectiveness from the front. The lower glacis is also another 80 mm that provides ~120 mm effectiveness at their angle. These two points are nice weak points for weaker guns and other 88 mm guns.

The vehicle's long profile on the sides make it a very enticing target from a long distance. So it is very possible to flank the tank destroyer from its position and hit the tall casemate structure. With all the ammunition and 4/6 of the crew in there, there's a very good chance of crippling Ferdinand's fighting capabilities or igniting one of the ammunition racks.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=888|rbMinHp=553}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|PaK43 (88 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PaK43 (88 mm)|88 mm PaK43]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 38 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+14° || rowspan="2" | ±14° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 7.0 || 9.8 || 11.8 || 13.1 || 13.9 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 4.8 || 5.6 || 6.8 || 7.5 || 8.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:PaK43 (88 mm)/Ammunition|PzGr 39/43, PzGr 40/43, Hl.Gr 39, Sprgr.43}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''38''' || 27 ''(+11)'' || 15 ''(+23)'' || 8 ''(+30)'' || 1 ''(+37)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.

== Usage in battles ==


The Ferdinand's natural role is as a long-range sniper thanks to its excellent firing range and frontal armour of more than 200 mm. Due to the frontal armour, this tank destroyer should always face the enemy to make use of it. Even though the Ferdinand is a heavy tank destroyer, it can rapidly drive backwards, which allows it to reposition more quickly than Red Army TDs like the SU-152 and ISU-152.

In a team, the Ferdinand acts as a heavy sniper, taking out enemies from afar while being almost immune to any tank shells. However, don't get too close to front-lines, since an enemy tank could slip through and flank the Ferdinand, which would put it in real danger.

Another possibility is as a front line brawler once most of the enemies have been cleared out. While it is not recommended, with flanking support of allies, the Ferdinand can venture further into enemy lines and take out everything that comes your way, but still watching for light tanks that will try to exploit the limited gun traverse to hit from the sides.

The most dangerous enemies of the Ferdinand are medium tanks and light tanks which can slip behind the Ferdinand since the back armour is weak. The Ferdinand has bad manoeuvrability and turning around is very slow.

IS-2 heavy tanks are a real threat to Ferdinand, as well as TD's of the same rank when firing sideways. Always face your armour frontally and take cover when possible.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The armour is 200 mm thick on the front of the tank very few tanks can penetrate it
* Powerful 88 mm Pak gun with two loaders makes it able to destroy multiple targets in a short time
* Has the unique advantage of having its main gun mounted higher than other tank destroyers, can shoot over obstacles when others can't and can exploit tall hull-down positions
* Thanks to the transmission, Ferdinand can go backward as fast as it can go forward
* The transmission is rear-mounted, meaning a frontal penetration could still leave the tank in mobile condition
* Good natural steering
* Good optics for sniping
* 6 crew members make it difficult for opponents to knock it out
* Comes with a bicolour camouflage

'''Cons:'''

* The tank loses speed and momentum when turning
* The hull's thin cheek armour's effectiveness decreases when angling
* Lower glacis is vulnerable to enemy fire
* The front armour is not angled
* Slow due to its heavy weight
* Doesn't like hills and other obstacles
* Flat surface on top of tank underneath the gun is vulnerable if an enemy is above you
* Less effective in urban combat maps (easily outflanked)

== History ==

===Development===
During the program to create what will end up being the [[Tiger I (Family)|Tiger I]] tanks, Henschel and Porsche competed against each other for the contract to build the tanks. Porsche further developed their pre-existing 45-ton prototype, the [[VK 45.01 (P)]], while Henschel adapted their 36 ton prototype (VK 3601 H) to create the VK 4501 H. Henschel won the contract, but Porsche was extremely confident that their design would win that around 100 of the VK 4501 P chassis were already constructed. Since the design lost, it was determined to use the chassis for the basis of a new vehicle, namely a tank destroyer to mount the new and formidable [[PaK 43 (88 mm)|88 mm PaK 43 anti-tank gun]]. These new tank destroyers were then called the Ferdinand, after its designer Ferdinand Porsche.

The Ferdinand was a formidable tank destroyer design. Changes from the original VK 4501 P chassis was the movement of the engine towards the centre rather than the rear. The armour bolted onto the front plate gave the Ferdinand an armour thickness of 200 mm. Plus, with the 88 mm Pak 43 on a fixed casemate design, it could knock out any allied tanks before they could enter effective ranges against the Ferdinand. 91 of the VK 4501 P chassis were converted into the Ferdinand. The design was not without its flaw though, mostly concerned with the heavy weight of 65 tons and an unreliable engine with the gasoline-electric drive system. Two Maybach 12 cylinder HL120 TRM engines with 265 hp constant power output drove 2 generators which powered 2 Siemens-Schuckert electric motors with 230 kW power output. This resulted in a top speed of only 20 km/h and a very low operational range of only 150 km. Other lesser drawbacks were the lack of all-around vision ports and machine guns, which would be later addressed due to combat experience. Nevertheless, the engine and weight drawbacks would plague the Ferdinand design throughout its service life.

===Combat usage===
The Ferdinand's combat debut was in the Battle of Kursk, with 89 vehicles available. The Ferdinand was optimized for destroying Soviet tanks at long ranges (over 3 miles or 5 km) with its 88 mm PaK 43/2 L/71 gun. The Ferdinand's flaws came to light during their movement; after advancing through Soviet defence lines, the Soviet infantry quickly recognized that it lacked peripheral vision blocks, a rotating turret (like most World War II tank destroyers for Germany) and the Ferdinand didn't even have a machine gun for anti-infantry purposes. Soviet infantry could hide in their trenches until the Ferdinand advanced the lines, then take out the vehicle with grenades and Molotov cocktails. Heinz Guderian remarked that Ferdinand's anti-infantry capabilities were essential "quail shooting with cannons".

Though the Ferdinand has great armour and firepower, most of the knocked out Ferdinands were due to anti-tank mines and mechanical failure. Damages to tracks forced the tank crew to exit the vehicle and repair it, and the 65-ton weight of the vehicle made armour recovery a nightmarish job, requiring five Bergepanzer IV ([[Pz.IV G|Panzer IV]] armour recovery vehicle) to tow one from the front lines. More Ferdinands were destroyed by their own crew to prevent capture than to combat losses due to the inability to easily recover these vehicles in a defensive war where German territory is gradually lost to the Soviets. Despite these drawbacks, the Ferdinands were much feared among the Soviet tankers, as the Ferdinand produced horrific losses among the Soviet armour corps. During the Battle of Kursk, the 653rd Heavy Tank Battalion claimed to have knocked out 320 enemy tanks, with the loss of 13 Ferdinands.

After Kursk, all surviving Ferdinands were recalled in September 1943 to be modified, which fixed most of the previous flaws. 48 of the 50 survivors were modified with a hull-mounted machine gun, a commander's cupola, and anti-magnetic Zimmerit paste to counter Soviet magnetic mines. The armour and track width of the vehicle was also enlarged and brought Ferdinand's 65 tons weight up to 70 tons. These modified vehicles are designated the [[Elefant]]. One of the Ferdinands unable to be converted to an Elefant due to battle damages began to be converted into a Rammpanzer Tiger or Rammtiger which was to be a breakthrough vehicle, though there is no evidence that it was completed or saw service. The Elefants then served in the Italian front against the Western Allies, but its heavyweight impeded its mobility on the rough terrain and the use of bridges and roads. After Italy, the Elefants didn't see much use due to the low quantity. One company of Elefants saw action during the Soviet's January 1945 Vistula-Oder offensive in Poland, and the last few surviving vehicles were in combat at Zossen during the Battle of Berlin. The Ferdinand may have been the most successful tank destroyer employed during the entire war in terms of claimed kills per loss, reaching an average ratio of approximately 10:1. This ratio could be given thanks to the armour and firepower of the tank destroyer, but in terms of operational capabilities the poor mobility, mechanical unreliability, and low quantity of these vehicles meant it had little impact in the overall strategic effect in the war.

===Survivors===
Today, two of these tank destroyers are left in intact conditions today. One Ferdinand was captured by the Soviets at Kursk and is now in display at the Kubinka Tank Museum. Another one, an Elefant, was captured by the Americans at Anzio, Italy. It was displayed at the US Army Ordnance Museum at Fort Lee, Virginia for many years and was restored to display condition in 2007. Currently, it is being loaned to the Bovington Tank Museum and is in the new exhibit "Tiger Collection".<ref name="FerdinandTankMuseum">The Tank Museum. "THE TIGER COLLECTION – THE TANKS, THE TERROR & THE TRUTH." Tank Museum. N.p., 02 Nov. 2016. Web. 04 Nov. 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224112/https://www.tankmuseum.org//year-news/bovnews53673 Web Archive].</ref>

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The Ferdinand self-propelled artillery gun was developed in 1942 to 1943 from the experimental VK 4501 (P) tank, which was developed by Porsche but never entered military service. In 1943, the company Alkett built 90 of these guns.

The gun's layout was quite unusual, with the crew compartment placed at the rear of the spacious cabin. The driver and radio operator were located in the front part of the cabin, and a direct connection between this compartment and the crew compartment was impossible due to heat-resistant metal partitions installed between the two compartments, where the engine and other equipment were located.

The Ferdinand was equipped with an 88 mm rifled 8,8 cm Stuk 43 gun with a long 71 caliber barrel. This gun was specially adapted to be mounted on the PaK 43 self-propelled anti-tank gun. The gun had excellent ballistics and at the time of its release was the strongest weapon available for tanks and self-propelled guns. Even until the end of the war, it could easily hit all types of armored vehicles. The vehicle's frontal armor had a thickness of 200 mm. Its total weight was 68 tons.

The self-propelled gun saw its first combat operation at the Kursk Bulge, as a part of the 653rd and 654th tank destroyer divisions. From July to November 1943, these divisions destroyed 582 Soviet tanks, losing 43 of their own vehicles in the process.

Serious shortcomings of this tank destroyed included its lack of machine guns for defense against infantry attacks, low speed and maneuverability, and low maximum range.

However, the German military valued the controllability and survivability of the vehicle's engine and transmission. A suspension with longitudinal torsion bars was much easier to maintain and repair when compared to a staggered torsion bar suspension, but it was very difficult to manufacture and less reliable in the field.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_panzerjager_tiger_P_ferdinand Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|5E2X7q_tIgM|'''The Shooting Range #306''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:52 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|ExA9b4wexHE|'''The Shooting Range #249''' - ''Round Study'' section at 09:02 discusses how to penetrate the {{PAGENAME}}.|xF4-TcnyWw0|'''Best tank destroyers''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 0:53 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|FOAlC7KNfEc|'''Ferdinand: The Bastard Tiger''' - ''Military History Visualized''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/2769--en|[Historical] Paper Giants - the heavy tanks of Ferdinand Porsche]]
* [[wt:en/news/814--en|[Special] Ferdinand Porsche and his Tank Destroyer]]
* [[Wikipedia:Elefant|[Wikipedia] Elefant]]

=== References ===
<references />

{{Germany tank destroyers}}

Mi-8TB (Germany)

2023-12-29T18:48:30Z

U104930763: /* Suspended armament */ +links

{{About
| about = attack helicopter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Mi-8 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=mi_8tb
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German attack helicopter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Heli-Flight}}

''Describe how the helicopter behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed<br>(km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}}
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Heli-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the helicopter. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Heli-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Offensive}}

{{main|A-12.7 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 12.7 mm A-12.7 machine gun, nose turret (700 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Suspended}}

{{Main|S-5K|9M14M Malyutka}}
{{main|OFAB-100 (100 kg)|OFAB-250sv (250 kg)|FAB-250M-62 (250 kg)|FAB-500M-54 (500 kg)|FAB-500M-62 (500 kg)}}
{{main|ZB-500 incendiary}}
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* Without load
* 96 x S-5K rockets
* 192 x S-5K rockets
* 192 x S-5K rockets + 2 x 9M14M Malyutka missiles
* 6 x 9M14M Malyutka missiles
* 6 x 100 kg OFAB-100 bombs (600 kg total)
* 6 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 6 x 250 kg FAB-250M-62 bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg FAB-500M-54 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg FAB-500M-62 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg ZB-500 incendiary bombs (1,000 kg total)

{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''This helicopter can carry a variety of weapons such as its main gun, rockets, AGMs and bombs to deal with every kind of ground vehicles you can possibly face; Choose the loadout according to the situation of the battle, if there are no enemy SPAA on the battlefield you can feel free to take rockets or bombs and get close to enemy tanks to unleash your bombs or rockets on them but if there are enemy SPAA or aircrafts present on the battlefield take caution and try to use AGMs to launch them at the enemy SPAA from a distance so it is harder for them to spot you but be aware that most of the SPAA vehicles at this battle rating have access to radars and can know of your presence so always try to keep your profile low and use objects on the map to hide yourself behind them like trees and mountains, it is also a good practice to fly down after launching each AGM because being afloat on the sky and not moving at all will make you easy to hit for enemy tanks, try to have a pick-a-boo style of play always fly down only come up to launch a missile and immediately go down behind a mountain or tree to avoid getting hit after the missile has reached the target and come back up only after making sure that it is safe.''

Try to avoid enemy aircraft as it requires a lot of luck or skill to hit the enemy aircraft manually with only your main gun because you do not have any kind of anti-aircraft missiles to protect yourself but thanks to your powerful main gun you can easily hunt enemy helicopters since they fly slow and it is easy to get a lead on them.

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Can carry a relatively large amount of different kinds of weapons at its rank
* The main gun has a large amount of ammo and is powerful enough to easily knock out most of the light vehicles at this battle rating

'''Cons:'''

* Does not have any weapons to deal with aircraft except its main gun which must be manually aimed and cannot lock on and follow enemy aircraft's lead
* Does not have [[Ballistic Computer]] so the gun and rocket reticles are not 100% accurate
* A relatively large profile makes it easy to hit this helicopter even for non-SPAA vehicles

== History ==

This combat-ready version of the Mi-8 was developed based on the Mi-8T model in 1974. The "TV" designation stands for "Transportno-Vooruzhenny," literally meaning "Transport-Armed." The helicopter was equipped with a movable 12.7mm machine gun in the nose, along with six pylons designed to carry a wide variety of suspended weaponry, including the Falanga anti-tank guided missile. This armament package brought the helicopter’s combat ability roughly in line with early versions of the Mi-24. Despite being modified for combat, the helicopter retained its full troop transport functionality, being able to carry up to 23 soldiers, who could also fire their weapons through loopholes installed in the windows. The Mi-8TV helicopters were produced in limited numbers in Kazan. They were used for various roles in tandem with the Mi-24 and were also supplied to border patrol and naval aviation units.

The German Mi-8TB is an export version capable of carrying up to 6 "Malyutka" ATGMs.

- ''From [[wt:en/news/8442-development-mi-8tv-a-good-mate-to-have-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|98kIbV_vNMI|'''Ultimate MI-8 (TV/TB) Guide''' -By Bob Dickinson }}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the helicopter;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Mil}}
{{Germany helicopters}}

9M17M Falanga

2023-12-29T18:36:47Z

U104930763: /* General info */ ce

{{About
| about = Soviet air-to-ground missile '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = 9M17P Falanga-PV
}}
== Description ==

[[File:WeaponImage 9M17.png|thumb|left|420px|The 9M17 missile (scale is approximate)]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is a Soviet SACLOS-guided air-to-ground missile. It was introduced in [[Update 1.81 "The Valkyries"]].

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|mi_4av}}
* {{Specs-Link|mi_8tv}}
* {{Specs-Link|mi_24a}}
* {{Specs-Link|mi_24d}}
* {{Specs-Link|mi_24d_hungary}}

== General info ==


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | Missile characteristics
|-
| '''Mass''' || 31 kg
|-
| '''Guidance''' || Semi-automatic (SACLOS)
|-
| '''Maximum speed''' || 230 m/s
|-
| '''Missile guidance time''' || 37 secs
|-
| '''Firing range''' || 4 km
|-
| '''Explosive mass''' || 4.32 kg TNTeq
|-
| '''Armour penetration''' || 650 mm
|-
|}

The 9M17M Falanga is a SACLOS Guided ATGM used by the [[Mi-4AV]] [[Mi-24A|and Mi-24A]] within War Thunder. It is guided by mouse and has a very slow flight speed, making it possible for enemy to dodge it if they see it coming.

With a range of 4 km, the firing platform has to be pretty close to the battlefield to make a shot, risking exposure to anti-aircraft fire. Flight speed is 230 m/s, making it very slow.

=== Effective damage ===
''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of missile (high explosive, splash damage, etc)''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of missiles that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==

Position the helicopter using the missile behind cover, such as rocks, ridgelines, or buildings. Pop up over the cover and then fire the missile towards the target. Try to not stay exposed too long, and once the missile has reach its target, quickly withdraw back to cover to avoid becoming an easy target to anti-aircraft units.

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


;Related development
* [[9M17P Falanga-PV]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Missiles}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

Abbreviations

2023-12-29T18:24:08Z

U104930763: /* (RU) Munition */ singular form for consistency

‎<span id="Top">‎</span>
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! colspan="4" | Abbreviations per language A-Z (quicklinks)
|-
| style="width: 2.5%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''A'''
| style="width: 47.5%; vertical-align:top;" |
| style="width: 2.5%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''N'''
| style="width: 47.5%; vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''B'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''O'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''C'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Chinese|Chinese]]<br>[[#Czech|Czech]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''P'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Polish|Polish]]
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''D'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''Q'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''E'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#English|English]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''R'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Romanian|Romanian]]<br>[[#Russian|Russian]]
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''F'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Finnish|Finnish]]<br>[[#French|French]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''S'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Spanish|Spanish]]<br>[[#Swedish|Swedish]]
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''G'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#German|German]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''T'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''H'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Hungarian|Hungarian]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''U'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''I'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Italian|Italian]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''V'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''J'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |[[#Japanese|Japanese]]
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''W'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''K'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''X'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''L'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''Y'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''M'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" |'''Z'''
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
|}

= Chinese =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! Chinese abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Chinese">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|Chinese is spoken as a military language in the following countries:

*'''(PRC)''' People's Republic of China

::''Listed as '''(CN)''' Mainland China''

*'''(ROC)''' Republic of China

::''Listed as '''(TW)''' Island of Taiwan''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(CN) Vehicle|(CN) Vehicle]]
** [[#(CN) Air|(CN) Air]]
** [[#(CN) Ground|(CN) Ground]]

'''Weaponry and munition'''

* [[#(CN) Weaponry and munition|(CN) Weaponry and munition]]
* [[#(TW) Weaponry and munition|(TW) Weaponry and munition]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(CN) Manufacturer/Designer|(CN) Manufacturer/Designer]]
* [[#(TW) Manufacturer/Designer|(TW) Manufacturer/Designer]]

'''Military'''

* [[#(CN) Military structure|(CN) Military structure]]
* [[#(TW) Military structure|(TW) Military structure]]
|}

Side note: Due to the usage of ROC year at Taiwan Island, there are sometimes when their documents or thesis from both Mainland China (for conversion) and Taiwan Island which used ROC year in their content.

The easiest way to convert them into western calendar is taking 1911 as ROC 1 (where ROC 100 is 2011 due to the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, instead of the official establishment in 1912/1/).

==(CN) Vehicle ==
=== (CN) Air ===
{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
! colspan="2" |Prefix
! rowspan="2" |Chinese
! rowspan="2" |Full title
! rowspan="2" |Meaning
! rowspan="2" |Example
|-
!First
!Second
|-
|C
|J
|{{Annotation|初教|Chū Jiào}}
|{{Annotation|初级教练机|Chūjí Jiàoliàn jī}}
|Basic Trainer
|CJ-6
|-
|H
| -
|{{Annotation|轰|Hōng}}
|{{Annotation|轰炸机|Hōngzhàjī}}
|Bomber
|[[H-5]]
|-
| rowspan="4" |J
| -
|{{Annotation|歼|Jiān}}
|{{Annotation|歼击机|Jiānjíjī}}
|Fighter/Interceptor
|[[J-6A]]
|-
|H
|{{Annotation|歼轰|Jiān Hōng}}
|{{Annotation|歼击轰炸机|Jiānjí Hōngzhà jī}}
|Fighter-Bomber
|JH-7A
|-
|L
|{{Annotation|教练|JiàoLiàn}}
|{{Annotation|教练机|JiàoLiàn jī}}
|Trainer
|JL-9
|-
|Z
|{{Annotation|歼侦|Jiān Zhēn}}
|{{Annotation|歼击侦察机|Jiānjī Zhēnchá jī}}
|Fighter-Reconnaissance
|JZ-8F
|-
|K
|J
|{{Annotation|空警|Kōng Jǐng}}
|{{Annotation|空中预警机|Kōngzhōng yùJǐng jī}}
|{{Annotation|AEWCS|Airborne Early Warning and Control System}}
|KJ-2000
|-
|Q
| -
|{{Annotation|强|Qiáng}}
|{{Annotation|强击机|Qiángjíjī}}
|Attacker
|[[Q-5A]]
|-
|S
|H
|{{Annotation|水轰|Shuǐ Hōng}}
|{{Annotation|水上轰炸机|Shuǐshàng Hōngzhà jī}}
|Hydroplane Bomber
|SH-5
|-
|Y
| -
|{{Annotation|运|Yùn}}
|{{Annotation|运输机|Yùnshūjī}}
|Transport
|Y-20
|-
|Z
| -
|{{Annotation|直|Zhí}}
|{{Annotation|直升机|Zhíshēngjī}}
|Helicopter
|Z-9
|}

=== (CN) Ground ===
This list is in accordance to the now obsolete GJB 4528-2002 '''《装甲车辆命名规则》''' (Standard Nomenclature Details of Armored Vehicles) accepted on 01/05/2003. A new standard was issued on 01/10/2012 (currently classified). See [[User:U4656018]]'s page.

''(<s>Strikethroughs</s> need further clarification under current naming standards)''

<nowiki>*</nowiki> Due to classifications of wheeled assault guns, PLT02 belongs to artillery corps; while ZLT11 belongs to mechanized corps.<br>
<nowiki>**</nowiki> These vehicles adhere to a different naming convention that is not based on the year.

<nowiki>***</nowiki>Received new codes after 2012 nomenclature revision as ZLT ({{Annotation|装甲|zhuāng jiǎ}}-{{Annotation|两栖|liǎng qī}}-{{Annotation|突击|tū jī}}; AFV-Amphibious-Assault gun）

{| class="wikitable"
! width="15%" | 1st Letter
! width="30%" | 2nd Letter
! width="35%" | 3rd Letter
! width="10%" | Number
! width="10%" | Example
|-
| rowspan="5" |Z – {{Annotation|装甲车辆|Zhuāngjiǎ chēliàng}} – AFV
|B – {{Annotation|步兵战车|Bùbīng zhàn chē}} – IFV
|D – {{Annotation|履带|lǚDài}} – Tracked
L – {{Annotation|轮式|Lúnshì}} – Wheeled
| rowspan="11" |1900-2099
(The first 2 digits can be ignored in normal use)
|[[ZBD86]]
|-
|G – {{Annotation|工程保障车辆|Gōngchéng bǎozhàng chēliàng}} – Engineering support vehicle
|Q – {{Annotation|架桥|jiàQiáo}} – Bridge layer
L – {{Annotation|扫(布)雷|sǎo(bù)Léi}} – Mine sweeper/layer

G – {{Annotation|工程作业车|Gōngchéng zuòyè chē}} – Engineering operation
|ZGQ84

ZGG84
|-
|S – {{Annotation|装甲输送车|zhuāngjiǎ Shūsòng chē}} – APC
|D – {{Annotation|履带|lǚDài}} – Tracked
L – {{Annotation|轮式|Lúnshì}} – Wheeled
|[[ZSD63]]

ZSL92
|-
|T – {{Annotation|坦克|Tǎnkè}} – Tank
|<s>D – {{Annotation|履带|lǚDài}} – Tracked</s>
<s>L – {{Annotation|轮式|Lúnshì}} – Wheeled</s>

Q – {{Annotation|轻型|Qīngxíng}} – Light

Z – {{Annotation|主战/中型坦克|Zhǔ zhàn/zhōngxíng tǎnkè}} – Main battle/medium tank

S – {{Annotation|水陆|Shuǐlù}} – Amphibious ''(literally: Water and land)''
|<s>***ZTD05</s>

<s>[[ZLT11|***ZTL11]]</s>

[[Type 62|ZTQ62]]

[[ZTZ99]]

[[ZTS63]]
|-
|Z – {{Annotation|战斗勤务车辆|Zhàndòu qínwù chēliàng}} – Combat service vehicle
|Z – {{Annotation|指挥|Zhǐhuī}} – Command
C – {{Annotation|侦察|zhēnChá}} – Scout

T – {{Annotation|通信|Tōngxìn}} – Communication

D – {{Annotation|电子对抗|Diànzǐ duìkàng}} – {{Annotation|ECM|Electronic CounterMeasure}}

M – {{Annotation|密钥加注|Mìyào jiāzhù}} – Battlefield cryptography

F – {{Annotation|防爆|Fángbào}} – {{Annotation|EOD|Explosive Ordnance Disposal}} ''(literally: Anti-explosion)''

X – {{Annotation|综合信息|zònghé Xìnxī}} – Integrated battlefield information
|ZZZ81

ZZC81

<nowiki>**</nowiki>ZZT1
|-
| rowspan="6" |P – {{Annotation|炮|Pào}} – Artillery
|G – {{Annotation|高射炮|Gāoshèpào}} – Anti-aircraft gun ''(literally: High firing gun)''
| rowspan="4" |L – {{Annotation|轮式|Lúnshì}} – Wheeled
Z – {{Annotation|自走|Zìzǒu}} – Self-propelled
|[[PGZ04A]]
|-
|H – {{Annotation|火箭弹|Huǒjiàn dàn}} – Rocket
|PHL03
PHZ89
|-
|L – {{Annotation|榴弹炮|Liúdànpào}} – Howitzer / Gun-mortar ''(literally: grenade gun)''
|PLL05
PLZ05
|-
|T – {{Annotation|突击炮|Tújípào}} – Assault gun
|PTL97
<nowiki>*</nowiki>[[PTL02]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |C – {{Annotation|车载|Chēzài}} – Vehicle-mounted
|L – {{Annotation|榴弹炮|Liúdànpào}} – Howitzer
|PCL09
<nowiki>**</nowiki>PCL181
|-
|P – {{Annotation|迫击炮|Pòjípào}} – Mortar
|<nowiki>**</nowiki>PCP001
|}

Additionally, numerous vehicles come with an "industrial code", such as WZ123 for the ZTZ99 series. These are typically indicative of the manufacturer and purpose of the vehicle, for example the second letter "W" indicates an export model, while most "WZ" series vehicles are intended for domestic service only. There are also numerous variations, including WMZ (e.g. WMZ551), WZG (e.g. WZG121), WXLZ (e.g. WXLZ602), and more.

{| class="wikitable"
! Designation
! Example
|-
| WZ – {{Annotation|五机部装甲车辆|WǔjībùZhuāngjiǎ chēliàng}} – 5th Ministry of Machine Building armoured vehicle
| WZ120 ([[Type 59|ZTZ59]])
|-
| WA - Unknown
| WA320 ([[PTZ89]])
|-
| BW – {{Annotation|包头外贸|Bāotóu Wàimào}} – Baotou Foreign Trade (Export)
| BW121 ([[T-69 II G|ZTZ69-II]])
|-
| BK – {{Annotation|包头科研|Bāotóu Kēyán}} – Baotou Scientific Research
| BK1990
|-
| YW – {{Annotation|永定外贸|Yǒngdìng Wàimào}} – Yongding Foreign Trade (Export)
| YW531 ([[ZSD63]])
|-
| YD - Unknown
| YD801
|-
|}

The Chinese company '''Norinco''' has their own unique designation system for their export vehicles. The meanings of each designation is not strict, as some vehicles within each system have very different roles. Furthermore, vehicles prefixed with "CS/" (e.g. CS/AA5) are not built by Norinco, but instead by other companies such as CSGC or Poly Technologies.

{| class="wikitable"
! Designation
! General Meaning
! Example
|-
| VT
| Tank
| [[ZTZ96A|VT2]]
|-
| VN
| Infantry Fighting Vehicle
| VN17
|-
| VP
| MRAP or Light Tactical Vehicle
| VP22
|-
| VA
| Light Strike Vehicle
| CS/VA1
|-
| VE
| Reconnaissance & Command Vehicle
| VE36
|-
| VS
| Armored Recovery Vehicle
| VS27
|-
| SH
| Self-Propelled Artillery
| SH15
|-
| SM
| Self-Propelled Mortar
| CS/SM4
|-
| SS
| Self-Propelled Mortar
| CS/SS6
|-
| AR
| Guided Rocket Launcher System
| AR3
|-
| SR
| Self-Propelled Rocket Launcher System
| SR4
|-
| ST
| Self-Propelled Anti-Tank Gun
| ST1
|-
| SA
| Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Weapon
| CS/SA5
|-
| AA
| Self-Propelled Multi-Purpose Weapon
| CS/AA5
|-
| SWS
| Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Weapon
| SWS2
|-
|}

== (CN) Weaponry and munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Chinese|'''Back to the Chinese table''']]</div>

=== Penta-Service Weaponries ===
Under a certain standard nomenclature of PLA weaponries since mid-2000s, weapons which are known by their shorten name or codename do in fact have a official name for them, as follows (appendix pending):
{| class="wikitable"
!Alphabet
!Chinese
!Type of weaponry
!Known examples
!Note
|-
|A
|导弹类
|Missiles
|AFT08- [[HJ-8A|HJ-8]]
AFT09- [[HJ-9]]

[[AKD-10]]

AKF088C- YJ-82C/KD-88C
|
|-
|B
|侦查情报类
|Reconnaissance & Intelligence
|
|
|-
|C
|车辆类
|(Wheeled) Vehicles
|Dongfeng CSK131 "Mengshi 猛士"
|''Wheeled vehicles developed by PLA''
|-
|D
|炮弹类
|Ammunitions
|DTC10-125
DTW2-105

DTW2-105
|''including fuse; refer to appendix chart 3-2 of the standard''
|-
|E/
|二炮专用装备类
|SAC (now PLARF) equipment
|
|
|-
|F
|防化类
|NBC
|
|
|-
|G
|工程类
|Engineering
|
|
|-
|H/
|海军专用装备类
|Navy equipment
|H/PJ12- Type 730
|
|-
|J
|机要类
|Confidential
|
|
|-
|K/
|空军专用装备类
|Air Force equipment
|K/LLQ120 land-based radar
|
|-
|L
|雷达类
|Radar
|LLQ120
|
|-
|P
|火炮类
|Artillery
|[[PG99-35-2 (35 mm)|PG99-35-2]]
[[PG87 (25 mm)|PG87]]
|''Refer to appendix chart 3-3 of the standard''
|-
|Q
|枪械类
|Firearms
|[[wikipedia:QBZ-191|QBZ191]]
[[wikipedia:QSZ-92|QSZ92]]

[[wikipedia:QBS-09|QBS09]]
|
|-
|R
|电子对抗类
|ECM
|
|
|-
|S
|技术侦查类
|Surveillance
|
|''Specified purpose''
|-
|T
|通信类
|Communication
|
|
|-
|X
|气象类
|Meteorology
|
|
|-
|Y/
|仪器类
|Instruments
|
|
|-
|Z
|装甲类
|Armored vehicles
|''As above in the vehicle prefixes''
|
|}

===Tank & Artillery Shells===
{| class="wikitable"
! width="20%" | 1st Letter
! width="20%" | 2nd Letter
! width="20%" | 3rd Letter
! width="40%" | Example
|-
| rowspan="9" |D – {{Annotation|弹|Dàn}} – Shell
| rowspan="4" |T – {{Annotation|坦克|Tǎnkè}} – Tank
| B – {{Annotation|爆破|Bàopò}} – Blasting
| DTB1-105 – HE-FS ''(literally: Shell-tank-blast)''
|-
| P – {{Annotation|破甲|Pòjiǎ}} – Breaker
| DTP-125 – HEATFS ''(literally: Shell-tank-breaker)''
|-
| W – {{Annotation|尾翼|Wěiyì}} – Tail
| DTW2-105 – APFSDS ''(literally: Shell-tank-tail)''
|-
| C –
| DTC10-125 – APFSDS
|-
| rowspan="2" | Y – {{Annotation|尾翼|Wěiyì}} – Tail
| W – {{Annotation|稳定|Wěndìng}} – Stable
| DYW1-120 – APFSDS (for anti-tank guns only) ''(literally: Shell-tail-stable)''
|-
| S –
| DYS-120 – HE
|-
| rowspan="3" | K – {{Annotation|防空|Fángkōng}} – Anti-aircraft
| G –
| DKG01A – API-T
|-
| P –
| DKP01A – HEI-T
|-
| Y –
| DKY1 – HE-VT
|-
|}
Additionally, the '''GP''' name (e.g. GP105) is used for guided projectiles, ranging from gun-launched ATGMs to guided artillery munitions. The designation is seen primarily at arms expositions and is unclear whether it is used within the PLA.

On the export market, APFSDS shells are called '''BTA''', such as BTA4 (an export version of DTW125)

===Missiles===
Generally speaking, missiles of all types have a two-letter (two-character) "code name". Most missiles also have alternative designations, such as HJ-10 also being called AFT-10.

* '''FM – {{Annotation|飞蠓|FēiMěng}}''': Export sea and land based SAM ''(literally: Flying midge)''
* '''FN – {{Annotation|飞弩|FēiNǔ}}''': Export MANPADS ''(literally: Flying crossbow)''
** FN-6, domestic version known as HN-6
* '''HF – {{Annotation|火发|HuǒFā}}''': Rocket pod ''(literally: Fire-launching)''
* '''HJ – {{Annotation|红箭|HóngJiàn}}''': Land-based ATGM ''(literally: Red arrow)''
** [[HJ-73E]]
* '''HN – {{Annotation|红缨|HóngyīNg}}''': Domestic MANPADS ''(literally: Red tassel)''
** [[HN-6]], exported as FN-6
* '''(H)HQ – {{Annotation|(海)红旗|(Hǎi)HóngQí}}''': Sea and land-based SAM ''(literally: (Sea) Red banner)'' (from the ideology of ''“三面红旗”'' [Three Red Banners] in the Great Leap Forward)
* '''HY – {{Annotation|海鹰|HǎiYīng}}''': SM (before 1980s) ''(literally: Sea eagle)''
* '''KD – {{Annotation|空地|KòngDì}}''': AGM ''(literally: Air-ground)''
* '''PL – {{Annotation|霹雳||PīLì}}''': AAM ''(literally: Lightning)''
** [[PL-5B]]
* '''QW – {{Annotation|前卫|QiánWèi}}''': A series of MANPADS family in parallel with HN series ''(literally: Vanguard)''
* '''SY – {{Annotation|上游|ShàngYóu}}''': ASM ''(literally: Upstream)'' (from Mao Zedong's ''“鼓足干劲，力争'''上游'''”'' [Go all-out and aim high] slogan in the Great Leap Forward)
* '''TY – {{Annotation|天燕|TiānYàn}}''': Helicopter-carried AAM ''(literally: Sky swallow)''
* '''YJ – {{Annotation|鹰击|YīngJī}}''': Tri-service ASM (after 1980s) ''(literally: Eagle strike)''

== (TW) Weaponry and munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Chinese|'''Back to the Chinese table''']]</div>
{| class="wikitable"
!Character
!Pinyin/Bopomofo (Romanised)
!Literal meaning
!Weapon system
!Examples
|-
|擎
|qíng / ㄑㄧㄥˊ
|to raise
|SRBM up to ICBM
|
|-
|雄
|xióng / ㄒㄩㄥˊ (Hsiung)
|powerful
|Cruise missile
|雄風 Hsiung Feng-2E (HF-2E)
|-
|風
|fēng / ㄈㄥ
|wind
|ASM
|雄風 Hsiung Feng-3 (HF-3)
|-
|玄
|xuán / ㄒㄩㄢˊ (Hsian)
|mysterious
|ECM
|
|-
|劍
|jiàn / ㄐㄧㄢˋ (Chian)
|sword
|AAM
|天劍 Tian Chian-1 (TC-1) – IR AAM
天劍 Tian Chian-2 (TC-2) – ARH AAM
|-
|萬
|wàn / ㄨㄢˋ
|10 thousand
|Cluster munition
|萬劍 Wan Chian cluster bomb dispenser
|-
|迅
|xùn / ㄒㄩㄣˋ (Hsiun)
|rapid
|Naval vessel
|Project 迅海 Hsiun Hai – Tuo Chiang-class corvette
|-
|評/昇
|píng / shēng / ㄆㄧㄥˊ / ㄕㄥ
|evaluate / rise
|Upgrade program
|Project 翔昇 Hsiang Sheng – F-CK-1 (IDF) C/D upgrade
|-
|捷
|jié / ㄐㄧㄝˊ (Che)
|swift
|Land-based system
|捷羚 Che Ling – Antelope Air Defense System
|-
|翔
|xiáng / ㄒㄧㄤˊ (Hsiang)
|to soar
|Aircraft
|Project 安翔 An Hsiang – F-CK-1 (IDF)
|-
|安
|ān / ㄢ
|safe
|AA system
|
|-
|隼
|sǔn / ㄙㄨㄣˇ or ㄓㄨㄣˇ
|falcon
|Missile system
|紅隼 Hong Zhun – Kestrel anti-tank rocket
|}

== (CN) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Chinese|'''Back to the Chinese table''']]</div>
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |'''Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC)''' 中国航空工业集团有限公司; Previously '''Ministry of Aviation Industry''' 航空工业部
|-
!Full name
!Abbreviation
!Factory codes
!City and province
!Products
|-
|'''Changhe Aviation Industries Corporation'''
昌河飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司
|CAIC 昌河
|372
|Jingdezhen, Jiangxi
|Helicopters
|-
|'''Chengdu Aerospace Industry'''
成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司
|CAC 成飞
|132
|Chengdu, Sichuan
|Fighters; UCAVs
|-
|'''Guizhou Aircraft Industry Corporation'''
贵州航空工业（集团）有限责任公司
|GAIC 贵飞
|162
|Anshun, Guizhou
|Trainers
|-
|'''Harbin Aircraft Industry Group'''
哈尔滨飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司
|HAIG Hafei 哈飞
|122
|Harbin, Heilongjiang
|Bombers; helicopters
|-
|'''Hongdu Aircraft Industry Group'''
江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司

'''''Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation'''''

''南昌飞机制造厂''
|HAIG Hongdu 洪都
''Nanchang 南昌''
|320
|Nanchang, Jiangxi
|Attackers; trainers
|-
|'''Shenyang Aircraft Industry'''
沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司
|SAC 沈飞
|112
|Shenyang, Liaoning
|Fighters
|-
|'''Xi'an Aircraft Industry'''
西安飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司
|XAC 西飞
|172
|Xi'an, Shaanxi
|Bombers; transporters; AECWS
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |'''China North Industries Group Corporation Limited; NORINCO''' 中国兵器工业集团有限公司 / 中国北方工业集团有限公司
|-
!Full name
!Factory/institute codes
!City and province
!Products and services
|-
|'''Chongqing Tiema Industry Group'''

重庆铁马工业集团
|256
|Chongqing
|Wheeled APC; amphibious vehicle
|-
|'''Inner Mongolia First Machinery Group'''

内蒙古第一机械集团
|617
|Baotou, Inner Mongolia
|MBT; Light tank; artillery etc.
|-
|'''Jianglu Machinery and Electronics Group Co. Ltd'''

江麓机电集团有限公司
|627
|Xiangtan, Hunan
|Light tank; amphibious vehicle
|-
|'''China North Vehicle Research Institute'''

中国北方车辆研究所
|201
|Beijing
|MBT R&D
|}

* '''CSGC – China South Industries Group Corporation''' 中国南方工业集团公司 (中国兵器装备集团公司)

== (TW) Manufacturer/Designer ==

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |Composition of Taiwan's defence industry
|-
!Full name
!Abbreviation
!Head office location
!Products and services
|-
|'''Aviation Industry Development Corporation (Post-2006)'''

漢翔航空工業股份有限公司

'''''Aviation Industry Development Center (1983-2006)'''''

''航空工業發展中心''
|AIDC 漢翔/航發中心
|Xitun District, Taichung City
|Aircraft; jet engine
|-
|'''National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology'''

國家中山科學研究院
|NCSIST 中科院
|Longtan District, Taoyuan City
|Equipment R&D
|-
|'''Ordnance Research Development Center, ROCA'''
陸軍兵工整備發展中心
|ORDC 兵整中心
|Jiji Township, Nantou County
|Armored vehicle
|}

== (CN) Military structure ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Chinese|'''Back to the Chinese table''']]</div>
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |Head of military development: '''MoDPRC- Ministry of Defense of the People's Republic of China''' 中华人民共和国国防部
|-
! colspan="3" |Supreme command: '''CMC- Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party''' 中国共产党中央军事委员会
|-
! colspan="3" |'''People's Liberation Army''' 中国人民解放军
|-
!Full name
!Abbreviation
!Branches
|-
|'''People's Liberation Army Ground Force'''

中国人民解放军陆军
|PLAGF 陆军
|Army aviation 陆军航空兵
Artillery troops 炮兵

Air Defense troops 防空兵

Armored troops 装甲兵

etc.
|-
|'''People's Liberation Army Air Force'''

中国人民解放军空军
|PLAAF 空军
|Airborne Corps 空降兵军
|-
|'''People's Liberation Army Navy'''

中国人民解放军海军
|PLAN 海军
|Suface forces 水面舰艇部隊
Submarine forces 潜艇部队

Naval Aviation 海军航空兵

Marine Corps 海军陆战队

Coastal defence 岸防部队
|-
|'''People's Liberation Army Rocket Force ''（Post-2016）'''''

中国人民解放军火箭军

'''''Second Artillery Corps （Pre-2016）'''''

''第二炮兵部队''
|PLARF 火箭军

''SAC 二炮''
|Nuclear missile troops 核导弹部队
Conventional missile troops 常规导弹部队

Logistic troops 作战保障部队
|-
|'''People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force'''

中国人民解放军战略支援部队
|PLASSF 战略支援部队
|Network Systems Department 网络系统部

Space Systems Department 航空航天部
|-
|'''Chinese People's Armed Police Force''' （Paramilitary）
中国人民武装警察部队
|PAP 武警
|Coast Guard 海警
|}

== (TW) Military structure ==

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |Supreme command and head of military development: '''MND- Ministry of National Defense, Republic of China''' 中華民國國防部
|-
! colspan="4" |'''Republic of China Armed Forces''' 中華民國國軍
|-
!Commanding unit
!Branches
!Abbreviation
!Sub-branches
|-
|'''Army Headquarters'''

國防部陸軍司令部
|'''Republic of China Army'''

中華民國陸軍
|ROCA 陸軍
|Army Aviation and Special Forces Command 航空特戰指揮部
|-
|'''Air Force Headquarters'''

國防部空軍司令部
|'''Republic of China Air Force'''

中華民國空軍
|ROCAF 空軍
|Air Defense and Artillery Command 防空暨飛彈指揮部
|-
|'''Navy Headquarters'''

國防部海軍司令部
|'''Republic of China Navy'''

中華民國海軍
|ROCN 海軍
|Republic of China Marine Force 海軍陸戰隊
|-
|'''Armed Forces Police Command'''

國防部憲兵指揮部
|'''Republic of China Military Police'''

中華民國憲兵
|MP 憲兵
|N/A
|}

= Czech =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! Czech abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Czech">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|Czech is spoken as a military language in the following countries:

*'''(CS)''' (Former) Czechoslovakia (today Czech republic)
*'''(CZ)''' Czech republic (part of former Czechoslovakia)
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(CS) Vehicle|(CS) Vehicle]]
** [[#(CS) Air|(CS) Air]]
** [[#(CS) Ground|(CS) Ground]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(CS) Manufacturer/Designer|(CS) Manufacturer/Designer]]
|}

== (CS) Vehicle ==

=== (CS) Air ===

* '''C – Cvičná letadla:''' Trainer
* '''S – Stíhači:''' Fighter
** [[Sakeen|S-199]]
* '''CS – Cvičná stíhací:''' Fighter trainer
* '''B – Bitevní letadla:''' Bomber
* '''LB – Lehká bombardovací:''' Light bomber
* '''CB – Cvičná bitevní:''' Bomber trainer
* '''D – Dopravní:''' Transport
* '''K – Kurýrní:''' Liaison
* '''NK – Nákladní Kluzák:''' Glider
* '''VR – Vrtulník:''' Helicopter

Notes: This system was only adopted in 1945 and used until 1958, replaced later by simply using manufacturer type designations.

=== (CS) Ground ===

* '''LT – Lehký tank:''' Light tank
** LT vz. 38
* '''ST – Střední tank:''' Medium tank
** ST vz. 39
* '''OA – Obrněný automobil:''' Armoured car
* '''vz. – vzor:''' Version

== (CS) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''ČKD – Českomoravská Kolben-Daněk'''
* '''ZB – Zbrojovka Brno'''

= English =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! English abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="English">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|English is spoken as a military language in (among others) the following countries:

*'''(UN)''' Universal
**'''(AU)''' Australia
**'''(CA)''' Canada
**'''(NZ)''' New Zealand
**'''(PH)''' Philippines
**'''(SA)''' South Africa
**'''(UK)''' United Kingdom
**'''(US)''' United States of America
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(UN) Vehicle|(UN) Vehicle]]
** [[#(UN) Ground|(UN) Ground]]
** [[#(UN) Naval|(UN) Naval]]
* [[#(UK) Vehicle|(UK) Vehicle]]
** [[#(UK) Ground|(UK) Ground]]
** [[#(UK) Air|(UK) Air]]
* [[#(US) Vehicle|(US) Vehicle]]
** [[#(US) Ground|(US) Ground]]
** [[#(US) Air|(US) Air]]
*** [[#(US) Army (pre-1962)|(US) Army (pre-1962)]]
*** [[#(US) Navy (pre-1962)|(US) Navy (pre-1962)]]
*** [[#(US) Post 1962|(US) Post 1962]]
** [[#(US) Naval|(US) Naval]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(AU) Manufacturer/Designer|(AU) Manufacturer/Designer]]
* [[#(UK) Manufacturer/Designer|(UK) Manufacturer/Designer]]
* [[#(US) Manufacturer/Designer|(US) Manufacturer/Designer]]
** [[#(US)(Army) Air Force|(US)(Army) Air Force]]
** [[#(US) Navy|(US Navy]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(UK) Weaponry|(UK) Weaponry]]
* [[#(US) Weaponry|(US) Weaponry]]

'''Munition'''

* [[#Munition|Munition]]
** [[#(UK) Munition|(UK) Munition]]
** [[#(US) Munition|(US) Munition]]

'''Military'''

* [[#(AU) Military|(AU) Military]]
* [[#(CA) Military|(CA) Military]]
* [[#(NZ) Military|(NZ) Military]]
* [[#(UK) Military|(UK) Military]]
* [[#(US) Military|(US) Military]]
|}
== (UN) Vehicle ==
=== (UN) Ground ===

* '''AA – Anti-Air'''
* '''AAA – Anti-Air Artillery'''
* '''APC – Armoured Personnel Carrier'''
** [[Type 60 ATM|Type 60 APC]]
* '''CFV – Cavalry Fighting Vehicle'''
** [[M3A3 Bradley|M3A3 CFV]]
* '''IFV – Infantry Fighting Vehicle'''
** [[Type 89 IFV]]
* '''MBT – Main Battle Tank'''
** [[MBT-70]]
* '''MCV – Mobile Combat Vehicle'''
** [[Type 16|Type 16 MCV]]
* '''MGS – Mobile Gun System'''
** [[M1128|M1128 MGS]]
* '''MLRS – Multiple Launch Rocket System'''
** [[Type 75 MLRS]]
* '''RCV – Recon Combat Vehicle'''
** [[Type 87 RCV]]
* '''SAM – Surface-to-Air Missile'''
** [[Type 93|Type 93 SAM]]
* '''SPAA – Self-Propelled Anti-Air (Gun)'''
** [[Type 87|Type 87 SPAA]]
* '''SPG – Self-Propelled Gun'''
* '''SPH – Self-Propelled Howitzer'''
** [[Type 75 SPH]]
* '''SPRG – Self-Propelled Recoilless Gun'''
** [[Type 60 SPRG (C)|Type 60 SPRG]]

=== (UN) Naval ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Country
!Prefix
!Meaning
!Example
|-
|[[File:Australia flag.png|32x32px|Australia]]
|HMAS
|His/Her Majesty's Australian Ship
|[[HMAS Tobruk]]
|-
|[[File:Canada flag.png|32x32px|Canada]]
|HMCS
|His/Her Majesty's Canadian Ship
|[[HMCS Haida]]
|-
|[[File:FRG flag.png|32x32px|Germany]]
|FGS
|Federal German Ship – NATO designation
|[[Lübeck|FGS Lübeck]]
|-
|[[File:Ireland flag.png|32x32px|Ireland]]
|LÉ
|''Long Éireannach'' – Irish ship
|[[LÉ Orla]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Japan flag.png|32x32px|Japan]]
|IJN
|''Imperial Japanese Navy'' – Not official
|[[IJN Shimakaze]]
|-
|JDS
|Japanese Defense Ship
|[[JDS Yūgure (DD-184)|JDS Yūgure]]
|-
|[[File:New Zealand flag.png|32x32px|New Zealand]]
|HMNZS
|His/Her Majesty's New Zealand Ship
|[[HMNZS Leander]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Britain flag.png|32x32px|United Kingdom]]
|HMS
|His/Her Majesty's Ship
|[[HMS Southampton]]
|-
|HMT
|His/Her Majesty's Trawler
|[[HMS Liscomb|HMT Liscomb]]
|-
|HMMGB
|His/Her Majesty's Motor Gun Boat
|[[SGB Grey Fox|HMMGB Grey Fox]]
|-
|[[File:USA flag.png|32x32px|United States of America]]
|USS
|United States Ship
|[[USS Atlanta]]
|}

== (UK) Vehicle ==
=== (UK) Ground ===

* '''A – Armour Index of the General Staff''' (historical index number)
** [[Churchill Mk I|Infantry Tank Mk IV A22 "Churchill" Mk I]]
* '''AVRE – Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers'''
** [[Centurion Mk.5 AVRE]]
* '''FV – Fighting Vehicle''' (modern index number)
** [[FV4202]]

=== (UK) Air ===

* '''F – Fighter'''
** [[Spitfire F Mk 24|Spitfire F.24]]
* '''FR – Fighter-Reconnaissance'''
** [[Firefly FR Mk V|Firefly FR.V]]
* '''FAW – Fighter All-Weather'''
** [[Sea Venom FAW 20]]
* '''FG – Fighter/Ground attack'''
** [[Phantom FG.1]]
* '''FGA – Fighter/Ground Attack'''
** [[Sea Hawk FGA.6]]
* '''FGR – Fighter/Ground attack/Reconnaissance'''
** [[Phantom FGR.2]]
* '''LF – Low-altitude Fighter (Spitfire only)'''
** [[Seafire LF Mk.III|Seafire L.III]]
* '''LF – Low-altitude Fighter (Spitfire only)'''
** [[Spitfire LF Mk IX|Spitfire LF.IX]]
* '''FB – Fighter-Bomber'''
** [[Sea Fury FB 11]]
* '''GR – Ground attack/Reconnaissance'''
** [[Harrier GR.1]]
* '''B – Bomber'''
** [[Lancaster B Mk III|Lancaster B.III]]
* '''B(I) – Bomber (Interdictor)'''
** [[Canberra B (I) Mk 6|Canberra B(I).6]]
* '''MR – Maritime Reconnaissance'''
** [[Shackleton MR.Mk.2|Shackleton MR.2]]
* '''S – Strike (nuclear capability)'''
** [[Buccaneer S.2]]
* '''TB – Torpedo Bomber'''
** [[Hampden TB Mk I|Hampden TB.I]]
* '''TF – Torpedo-Fighter'''
** [[Firebrand TF Mk IV|Firebrand TF.IV]]

== (US) Vehicle ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>
=== (US) Ground ===

* '''T – Trial''' (model)
** [[T14|Assault Tank T14]]: Trial model 14 heavy tank
* '''M – Model'''
** [[M4|Medium Tank, M4 Sherman]]: Model 4 medium tank
* '''A – Advancement'''
** [[M4A1|Medium Tank, M4A1 Sherman]]: Model 4, Advancement 1 medium tank
* '''E – Experimental'''
** [[M4A3E2|Assault Tank M4A3E2 Jumbo]]: Model 4, Advancement 3, Experimental 2 assault tank
* '''W – Wet munition storage'''
** [[M4A2 (76) W]]
* '''HVSS – Horizontal Volute Spring Suspension'''
** [[M4A3 (105)|Medium Tank M4A3 (105) HVSS Sherman]]
* '''LVT – Landing Vehicle, Tracked'''
** [[LVT-4/40]]
* '''(A) – Armored'''
** [[LVT(A)(1)|LVT(A)-1]]
* '''CCKW – General Motors designation:''' C – designed in 1941, C – conventional cab, K – all-wheel drive, W – dual rear axles
** [[CCKW 353 AA]]
* '''HMC – Howitzer Motor Carriage'''
** [[M8 Scott|M8 HMC]]
* '''GMC – Gun Motor Carriage'''
** [[M18 GMC]]
* '''CGMC – Combination Gun Motor Carriage'''
** [[M15A1 CGMC]]
* '''MGMC – Multiple Gun Motor Carriage'''
** [[M16 MGMC]]
* '''HC – Heavy Common'''
** [[M1A1 HC]]
* '''IP – Improved Performance'''
** [[IPM1]]
* '''RISE – Reliability Improved Selected Equipment'''
** [[M60A1 RISE (P)]]
* '''AOS – Add-On Stabilization'''
** [[M60A1 (AOS)]]
* '''TTS — Tank Thermal Sight'''
** [[M60A3 TTS]]
* '''AMBT — Affordable Main Battle Tank'''
** [[M60 AMBT]]

=== (US) Air ===
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>
==== (US) Army (pre-1962) ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Code
!Meaning
!Example
|-
|A
|Attacker
|[[A-26 (Family)|A-26]]
|-
|B
|Bomber
|[[B-17 (Family)|B-17]]
|-
|F
|Fighter
|[[F-100 (Family)|F-100]]
|-
|H
|Helicopter
|[[H-34]]
|-
|P
|Pursuit
|[[P-38 (Family)|P-38]]
|-
|X-
|Experimental
|[[XA-38]]
|-
|Y-
|Pre-production test
|[[YP-38]]
|}

==== (US) Navy (pre-1962) ====
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''A – Attacker'''
** [[AD-4]]
* '''F – Fighter'''
** [[F4F-3]]
* '''BT – Bomber (torpedo)'''
** [[BTD-1]]
* '''P – Patrol'''
** [[PV-2D]]
* '''PB – Patrol Bomber'''
** [[PBY-5a Catalina]]
* '''SB – Scout Bomber (Dive bomber):'''
** [[SB2U-2]]
* '''TB – Torpedo Bomber'''
** [[TBD-1]]
* '''OS – Observation Scout'''
** [[OS2U-1]]: Navy Observation Scout 2, Vought No.1

==== (US) Post 1962 ====

* '''AH – Attack Helicopter'''
** [[AH-1Z]]
* '''UH – Utility Helicopter'''
** [[UH-1B]]

=== (US) Naval ===
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''AM – Minesweeper'''
** [[USS Candid|USS Candid (AM-154)]]
* '''DD – Destroyer'''
** [[USS Fletcher|Fletcher (DD-445)]]
* '''DL – Destroyer Leader'''
** [[USS Wilkinson|USS Wilkinson (DL-5)]]
* '''DE – Destroyer, Escort'''
* '''CL – Cruiser, Light:''' Light cruiser
** [[USS Brooklyn|USS Brooklyn (CL-40)]]
* '''CA – Cruiser, Armoured:''' Heavy cruiser
** [[USS Pensacola|USS Pensacola (CA-24)]]
* '''CV – Cruiser, Voler:''' Aircraft carrier (historically based on aviation cruisers)
** USS Lexington (CV-2)
* '''CB – Cruiser, Battle:''' Battlecruiser
* '''BB – Battleship'''
** [[USS North Dakota|USS North Dakota (BB-29)]]
* '''PF - Patrol Frigate'''
** [[USS Hoquiam|USS Hoquiam (PF-5)]]
* '''PG – Patrol Gunboat'''
** [[PG 02]]
* '''PGH – Patrol Gunboat Hydrofoil'''
** [[PGH-2]]
* '''PGM – Patrol Gunboat Motor''' (later PG)
** [[USS Asheville|USS Asheville (PGM-84)]]
* '''PT – Patrol Torpedo boat'''
** [[PT-20]]
* '''PTF – Patrol Torpedo boat, Fast'''
** [[PTF-7]]
* '''PC – Patrol Chaser'''
** [[PC-451]]
* '''SC – Submarine Chaser'''
** [[SC-497]]
* '''LCT – Landing Craft, Tank'''
* '''LCS – Landing Craft, Support'''
** [[LCS(L)(3)]]
* '''(L) – Large'''
** [[LCS(L)(3)]]
* '''SS – Submarine'''
* '''SSN – Submarine, Nuclear-powered'''
* '''SSBN – Ballistic Missile Submarine, Nuclear-powered'''

== (AU) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''CAC – Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation'''
** [[Boomerang Mk I (Great Britain)|CAC Boomerang Mk I]]
* '''DAP – Department of Aircraft Production'''
** [[Beaufort Mk VIII|DAP Beaufort Mk VIII]]

== (UK) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''AEC – Associated Equipment Company'''
** [[AEC Mk.II]]
* '''BAe – British Aerospace'''
** [[BAe Swingfire]]
* '''G – Gloster'''
** [[Meteor F Mk 8 G.41K]]
* '''MB – Martin-Baker'''
** [[MB.5]]

== (US) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''GMC – General Motors Company''' (not to be confused with Gun Motor Carriage)

=== (US)(Army) Air Force ===

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
!Code
!Manufacturer
!Location
!Example
|-
|AD
|Aero Design & Engineering Co.
|Bethany, OK
|
|-
|AE
|Aeronca
|Middletown, OH
|
|-
|AG
|Air Glider
|Akron, OH
|
|-
|AH
|American Helicopter
|Manhattan Beach, CA
|
|-
|AV
|Avro Canada
|Montreal, QC, Canada
|
|-
|BA
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Bell|Bell Aircraft Co.]]
|Atlanta, GA
|
|-
|BB
|Babcock Aircraft
|DeLand, FL
|
|-
|BC
|Bell Aerosystems
|Buffalo, NY
|
|-
|BE
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Bell|Bell Aircraft Co.]]
|Buffalo, NT
|
|-
|BF
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Bell|Bell Aircraft Co.]]
|Fort Worth, TX
|
|-
|BH
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Beechcraft|Beechcraft Aircraft Co.]]
|Wichita, KS
|
|-
|BL
|Bellanca
|New Castle, DE
|
|-
|BN
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Boeing|Boeing]]
|Renton, WA
|[[B-29A-BN]]
|-
|BO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Boeing|Boeing]]
|Seattle, WA
|
|-
|BR
|Briegleb Sailplane
|Beverley Hills, CA
|
|-
|BS
|Bowlus
|San Francisco, CA
|
|-
|BU
|Budd
|Philadelphia, PA
|
|-
|BV
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Boeing|Boeing]]-Vertol
|Morton, PA
|
|-
|BW
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Boeing|Boeing]]
|Wichita, KS
|
|-
|CA
|Chase Aircraft
|West Trenton, NJ
|
|-
|CC
|Canadian Commercial Corp.
|Toronto, ON, Canada
|
|-
|CE
|Cessna
|Wichita, KS
|
|-
|CF
|Convair / [[Template:AirManufacturer_Consolidated|Consolidated]]-[[Template:AirManufacturer_Vultee|Vultee]]
|Fort Worth, TX
|
|-
|CH
|Christopher Aircraft
|St. Louis, MO
|
|-
|CK
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Curtiss|Curtiss-Wright]]
|Louisville, KY
|
|-
|CL
|Culver
|Wichita, KS
|
|-
|CM
|Commonwealth Aircraft
|Kansas City, MO
|
|-
|CN
|Chase Aircraft
|Willow Run, MI
|
|-
|CO
|Convair / [[Template:AirManufacturer_Consolidated|Consolidated]]-[[Template:AirManufacturer_Vultee|Vultee]]
|San Diego, CA
|[[B-24D-25-CO]]
|-
|CR
|Cornelius
|Dayton, OH
|
|-
|CS
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Curtiss|Curtiss-Wright]]
|St. Louis, MO
|
|-
|CU
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Curtiss|Curtiss-Wright]]
|Buffalo, NY
|[[P-40F-10|P-40F-10-CU¹]]
|-
|CV
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Vought|(Chance) Vought]]
|Dallas, TX
|
|-
|CAN
|Canadair Ltd.
|Canada
|
|-
|DA
|Doak Aircraft
|Torrance, CA
|
|-
|DC
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Douglas|Douglas Aircraft Co.]]
|Chicago, IL
|
|-
|DE
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Douglas|Douglas Aircraft Co.]]
|El Segundo, CA
|
|-
|DH
|De Havilland Canada
|Toronto, ON, Canada
|
|-
|DJ
|SNCA Sud-Ouest
|Marignane, France
|
|-
|DK
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Douglas|Douglas Aircraft Co.]]
|Oklahoma City, OK
|
|-
|DL
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Douglas|Douglas Aircraft Co.]]
|Long Beach, CA
|
|-
|DM
|Doman Helicopter
|Danbury, CT
|
|-
|DO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Douglas|Douglas Aircraft Co.]]
|Santa Monica, CA
|
|-
|DT
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Douglas|Douglas Aircraft Co.]]
|Tulsa, OK
|[[A-26C-45DT|A-26C-45-DT]]
|-
|FA
|Fairchild
|Hagerstown, MD
|
|-
|FB
|Fairchild
|Burlington, NC
|
|-
|FE
|Fleet
|Fort Erie, ON, Canada
|
|-
|FL
|Fleetwings
|Bristol, PA
|
|-
|FO
|Ford
|Willow Run, MI
|
|-
|FR
|Frankfort
|Joliet, IL
|
|-
|FS
|Firestone
|Los Angeles, CA
|
|-
|FT
|Fletcher Aviation
|Pasadena, CA
|
|-
|FIAT
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Fiat|Fiat Aviation]]
|Italy
|[[F-86K (Italy)|F-86K-FIAT¹]]
|-
|GA
|G & A Aircraft
|Willow Grove, PA
|
|-
|GC
|General Motors (Fisher)
|Cleveland, OH
|
|-
|GE
|General Aircraft
|Astoria, Long Island, NY
|
|-
|GF
|Globe
|Fort Worth, TX
|
|-
|GK
|General Motors
|Kansas City, KS
|
|-
|GM
|General Motors (Fisher)
|Detroit, MI
|
|-
|GN
|Gibson Refrigerator
|Greenville, MI
|
|-
|GO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Goodyear|Goodyear Aircraft Co.]]
|Akron, OH
|
|-
|GR
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Grumman|Grumman Aircraft Engineering Co.]]
|Bethpage, Long Island, NY
|
|-
|GT
|Grand Central Aircraft Eng.
|Tucson, AZ
|
|-
|GY
|Gyrodyne Co., of America
|St. James, Long Island, NY
|
|-
|HE
|Helio
|Norwood, MA
|
|-
|HI
|Higgins Aircraft
|New Orleans, LA
|
|-
|HI
|Hiller
|Palo Alto, CA
|
|-
|HO
|Howard Aircraft
|Chicago, IL
|
|-
|HP
|Handey Page
|Radlett, Herts, UK
|
|-
|HS
|Hawker Siddeley Aviation
|Kingston, Surrey, UK
|
|-
|HU
|Hughes Aircraft
|Culver City & San Diego CA
|
|-
|IN
|Interstate A. & Eng.
|El Segundo, CA
|
|-
|KA
|Kaman
|Windsor Locks, CT
|
|-
|KE
|Kellet
|Philadelphia, PA
|
|-
|KM
|Kaiser Manufacturing
|Willow Run, MI
|
|-
|LK
|Laister-Kauffman
|St. Louis, MO
|
|-
|LM
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Lockheed|Lockheed Aircraft]]
|Marietta, GA
|
|-
|LO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Lockheed|Lockheed Aircraft]]
|Burbank, CA
|[[P-38L-5-LO]]
|-
|MA
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Martin|Glenn L. Martin Co.]]
|Baltimore, MD
|
|-
|MC
|[[Template:AirManufacturer McDonnell|McDonnell Aircraft Co.]]
|St. Louis, MO
|
|-
|MD
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Martin|Glenn L. Martin Co.]]
|Baltimore, MD
|
|-
|MF
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Martin|Glenn L. Martin Co.]]
|Orlando, FL
|
|-
|MH
|McCulloch Motors
|Los Angeles, CA
|
|-
|MM
|[[Template:AirManufacturer McDonnell|McDonnell Aircraft Co.]]
|Memphis, TN
|
|-
|MIT
|[[Template:Manufacturer_MHI|Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd.]]
|Japan
|[[F-86F-40 (Japan)|F-86F-40-MIT]]¹
|-
|MO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Martin|Glenn L. Martin Co.]]
|Omaha, NE
|
|-
|NA
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American Aviation]]
|Inglewood, CA
|[[P-51H-5-NA]]
|-
|NC
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American Aviation]]
|Kansas City, KS
|
|-
|ND
|Noorduyn Aviation
|Montreal, QC, Canada
|
|-
|NF
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American Aviation]]
|Fresno, CA
|
|-
|NH
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American Aviation]]
|Columbus, OH
|
|-
|NI
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American Aviation]]
|Downey, CA
|
|-
|NK
|Nash-Kelvinator
|Detroit, MI
|
|-
|NO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Northrop|Northrop Co.]]
|Hawthorne, CA
|[[P-61C-1|P-61C-1-NO¹]]
|-
|NT
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American Aviation]]
|Dallas, TX
|[[P-51C-11-NT (Japan)|P-51C-11-NT]]
|-
|NW
|Northwestern Aeronautical Co.
|St. Paul, MN
|
|-
|OM
|On Mark Engineering
|Van Nuys, CA
|
|-
|PA
|Piper
|Lock Haven, PA
|
|-
|PH
|Piasecki
|Morton, PA
|
|-
|PI
|Piper
|Lockhaven, PA
|
|-
|PI
|Piasecki
|Philadelphia, PA
|
|-
|PL
|Platt-LePage
|Eddystone, PA
|
|-
|PR
|Pratt, Read & Co.
|Deep River, CT
|
|-
|RA
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Republic|Republic Aircraft Co.]]
|Evansville, IN
|[[P-47D-23-RA (China)|P-47D-23-RA]]
|-
|RD
|Read-York
|Kenosha, WI
|
|-
|RE
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Republic|Republic Aircraft Co.]]
|Farmingdale, Long Island, NY
|[[F-84G-21-RE]]
|-
|RI
|Ridgefield Mfg.
|Ridgeville, NJ
|
|-
|RO
|Robertson Aircraft
|St. Louis, MO
|
|-
|RP
|The Radioplane Co.
|Van Nuys, CA
|
|-
|RY
|Ryan Aeronautical
|San Diego, CA
|
|-
|SA
|Stroukoff
|West Trenton, NJ
|
|-
|SE
|Seibel Helicopter
|Wichita, KS
|
|-
|SI
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Sikorsky|Sikorsky Aircraft Co.]]
|Stratford, CT
|
|-
|SL
|St. Louis Aircraft
|St. Louis, MO
|
|-
|SP
|Spartan
|Tulsa, OK
|
|-
|SW
|Schweizer
|Elmira, NY
|
|-
|TA
|Taylorcraft
|Alliance, OH
|
|-
|TE
|Temco
|Dallas, TX
|
|-
|TG
|Texas Engineering & Manufacturing
|Greenville, TX
|
|-
|TI
|Timm
|Van Nuys, CA
|
|-
|TP
|Texas Engineering & Manufacturing
|Grand Prairie, TX
|
|-
|UH
|United Helicopter
|Palto Alto, CA
|
|-
|UN
|Universal Molded Products
|Bristol, VA
|
|-
|VE
|Vega Aircraft Corp.
|Burbank, CA
|[[B-17G-60-VE]]
|-
|VI
|Canadian Vickers
|Montreal, Canada
|
|-
|VL
|Vertol Aircraft
|Morton, PA
|
|-
|VN
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Vultee|Vultee]]
|Nashville, TN
|
|-
|VO
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Vought|Chance Vought]]
|Dallas, TX
|
|-
|VU
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Vultee|Vultee]]
|Downey, CA
|
|-
|VW
|[[Template:AirManufacturer_Vultee|Vultee]]
|Wayne, MI
|
|-
|WA
|Ward Furniture Co.
|Fort Smith, AR
|
|-
|WI
|Wichita Engineering
|Wichita Falls, TX
|
|-
|WO
|Waco
|Troy, OH
|
|}

Note:

# Not designated as such in-game.

=== (US) Navy ===
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''A – Brewster'''
** [[F2A-1]] Buffalo: Navy Fighter 2, Brewster No. 1
* '''C – Curtiss'''
** [[SB2C-4]] Helldiver: Navy Scout Bomber 2, Curtiss No. 4
* '''D – Douglas'''
** [[SBD-3]] Dauntless: Navy Scout Bomber, Douglas No. 3
* '''F – Grumman'''
** [[F6F-5]] Hellcat: Navy Fighter 6, Grumman No. 5
* '''H – McDonnell'''
** [[F2H-2]] Banshee: Navy (Jet) Fighter 2, McDonnell No. 2
* '''J – North American'''
** [[PBJ-1H]] Mitchell: Navy Patrol Bomber, North American No. 1
* '''M – Martin'''
** [[PBM-3]] Mariner: Navy Patrol Bomber, Martin No. 3
* '''U – Vought''' (military designation)
** [[OS2U-1]] Kingfisher: Navy Observation Scout 2, Vought No.1
* '''V – Vought''' (company designation)
** [[V-156-B1]]
* '''Y – Consolidated'''
** [[PBY-5 Catalina]]: Navy Patrol Bomber, Consolidated No. 5

== (UK) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''BL – Breech-loading''' (cannon): Usually for (naval) guns of 5 inch calibre and upwards.
** [[6 inch/45 BL Mark XII (152 mm)]]
* '''QF – Quick-firing''' (cannon): Usually for (naval) guns of up to 5 inch calibre.
** [[6 inch/50 QF Mark N5 (152 mm)]]
* '''RP – Remote-powered''' (control): System of direct unified control of turrets (RP.10: Hydraulic, RP.50: Electric)
* '''HA – High-angle''' (mount): Mounting for large-calibre AA guns.
* '''CP – Central-pivot''' (mount): Mounting for naval guns.
* '''BD – Between decks''' (mount): Low profile mountings, noticeably for being flush with the flight decks on carriers
* '''STAAG – Stabilized tachymetric anti-aircraft gun''' (mount)
** [[QF STAAG Mark II (40 mm)]]
* '''ADEN – Armament Development Establishment, Enfield'''
** [[ADEN (30 mm)]]
* '''RARDEN – Royal Armament, Research and Development Establishment, Enfield'''
** [[L21A1 (30 mm)|L21A1 RARDEN (30 mm)]]
* '''pdr – Pounder:''' Gun designations based on the pound (lb) weight of their projectiles.
** [[20pdr OQF Mk.I (84 mm)]]
* '''cwt – Hundredweight (centum weight):''' Gun designations based on weight (barrel and breech) in cwt (1 cwt = 112 lb)
** [[OQF 3in 20cwt (76 mm)]] (20 cwt = 2,250 lb)
* '''GO – Gas Operated'''

== (US) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''CITV – Commander Independent Thermal Viewer'''
* '''MCLOS – Manual Command to Line of Sight'''
* '''SACLOS – Semi-Automatic Command to Line of Sight'''
* '''TOW – Tube-launched, Optically-tracked, Wire-guided'''
** [[BGM-71 TOW]]
* '''VADS – Vulcan Air Defense System'''
* '''AN – Army/Navy'''
** [[AN/M2 (20 mm)]]
* '''HB – Heavy Barrel'''
** [[M2HB (12.7 mm)]]

The 1963 tri-service designation system introduced 3-letter codes for all unmanned guided vehicles (missiles, drones, and probes). This is not a complete list and only contains relevant listings.
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;"></div>
{| class="wikitable"
!First Letter (launch environment)
!Second Letter (mission type)
!Third Letter (projectile type)
!Examples
|-
|A – Air-launched
| rowspan="2" |G – Surface-Attack
| rowspan="4" |M – Missile
| rowspan="4" | [[BGM-71A TOW]] <br> [[AIM-9B Sidewinder]] <br> [[AGM-12B Bullpup]] <br> [[Vanguard-class|UGM-133 Trident II]] <br> [[M81 (152 mm)|MGM-51B Shillelagh]] <br> [[MIM146|MIM-146 ADATS]]
|-
|B – Multiple-launched
|-
|M – Mobile-launched
| rowspan="2" |I – Intercept-Aerial
|-
|U – Underwater-launched
|-
|}

== Munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''B – Ball-Point'''
* '''I – Incendiary'''
* '''I-T – Incendiary Tracer'''
* '''IAI – Immediate Action Incendiary'''
* '''FI – Fragmentation Incendiary'''
* '''FI-T – Fragmentation Incendiary Tracer'''
* '''T – Tracer'''
* '''P – Practice'''
* '''PT – Practice Tracer'''
* '''SAP – Semi-Armour-Piercing'''
* '''SAPI – Semi-Armour-Piercing Incendiary'''
* '''AP – Armour-Piercing'''
* '''API – Armour-Piercing Incendiary'''
* '''AP-T – Armour-Piercing Tracer'''
* '''API-T – Armour-Piercing Incendiary Tracer'''
* '''APC – Armour-Piercing Capped'''
* '''APCBC – Armour-Piercing Capped Ballistic Capped'''
* '''APCR – Armour-Piercing Composite Rigid'''
* '''APHE – Armour-Piercing High-Explosive'''
* '''APDS – Armour-Piercing Discarding Sabot'''
* '''APFSDS – Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot'''
* '''HVAP – High-Velocity Armour-Piercing'''
* '''HVAP-T – High-Velocity Armour-Piercing Tracer'''
* '''HE – High-Explosive'''
* '''HEF – High-Explosive Fragmentation'''
* '''HE-I – High-Explosive Incendiary'''
* '''HEFI – High-Explosive Fragmentation Incendiary'''
* '''HEF-T – High-Explosive Fragmentation Tracer'''
* '''HEFI-T – High-Explosive Fragmentation Incendiary Tracer'''
* '''HESH – High-Explosive Squash-Head'''
* '''HEAT – High-Explosive Anti-Tank'''
* '''HEATFS – High-Explosive Anti-Tank Fin-Stabilized'''
* '''ATGM – Anti-Tank Guided Missile'''
* '''GP – General Purpose''' (bomb)
* '''MC – Medium Capacity''' (bomb)
* '''HC – High Capacity''' (bomb)

=== (UK) Munition ===

* '''RP – Rocket Projectile'''
** [[RP-3]]

=== (US) Munition ===

* '''HVAR – High Velocity Aircraft Rocket'''
** [[HVAR]]
* '''FFAR – Forward-Firing Aircraft Rocket or Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket'''
** [[FFAR Mighty Mouse]]
* '''WAFAR – Wrap-Around Fin Aerial Rocket'''
* '''SSWAFAR – Spin-Stabilized Wrap-Around Fin Aerial Rocket'''

== (AU) Military ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''RAAF – Royal Australian Air Force'''

== (CA) Military ==

* '''RCAF – Royal Canadian Air Force'''

== (NZ) Military ==

* '''RNZAF – Royal New Zealand Air Force'''

== (UK) Military ==

* '''RAF – Royal Air Force'''
* '''RN – Royal Navy'''
* '''FAA – Fleet Air Arm:''' Royal Navy Air Force

== (US) Military ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#English|'''Back to the English table''']]</div>

* '''USAAF – United States Army Air Force'''
* '''USAF – United States Air Force'''
* '''USMC – United States Marine Corps'''
** [[M3A1 (USMC)]]
* '''USN – United States Navy'''
* '''VMF – Marine Fighter Squadron:''' V – Fixed-wing aircraft, M – Marine Corps, F – Fighter
** [[F4U-4B VMF-214]]: Marine Fighter Squadron No. 214
* '''VMA – Marine Attacker Squadron:''' V – Fixed-wing aircraft, M – Marine Corps, A – Attacker

= Finnish =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! Finnish abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Finnish">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(FI) Vehicle|(FI) Vehicle]]
** [[#(FI) Air Force designations|(FI) Air Force designations]]
** [[#(FI) Finnish Armour Registry|(FI) Finnish Armour Registry]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(FI) Weaponry|(FI) Weaponry]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(FI) Manufacturer/Designer|(FI) Manufacturer/Designer]]
|}
== (FI) Vehicle ==
=== (FI) Air Force designations ===
[[File:Finnish_Fokker_D.XXI_WTWallpaper_05.jpg|thumb|Finnish Air Force designations are painted on the side of aircraft and acts as the prefix to their airframe number.]]

;In-Game

* '''BW – Brewster''' (Designation for the Brewster Buffalo model 239 ([[F2A (Family)]]))
** [[B-239 (Sweden)|B-239]]
* '''CU – Curtis''' (Designation for the [[P-36 (Family)|Curtiss Hawk 75 series]])
** '''CUc – Curtis Cyclone''' (Designation for the [[P-36 (Family)|Curtiss Hawk 75 series]] with Wright R-1820 Cyclone engine)
** '''CUw – Curtis Wasp''' (Designation for the [[P-36 (Family)|Curtiss Hawk 75 series]] with Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp engine
*** [[Hawk H-75A-2 (Germany)|▀Hawk H-75A-2]]
* '''FR – Fokker''' (Designation for the Fokker D.XXI series)
** '''FRm – Fokker Mercury''' (Designation for the Fokker D.XXI with Bristol Mercury engine)
*** [[Fokker D.XXI]] series 1
*** [[Fokker D.XXI-3 (Sweden)|okker D.XXI series 3]]
** '''FRw – Fokker Wasp''' (Designation for the Fokker D.XXI with Pratt & Whitney R-1535 Twin Wasp Junior engine)
* '''HC – Hurricane''' (Designation for the Hawker Hurricane series)
** [[Hurricane Mk I/L (Sweden)|▄Hurricane Mk I/L]]
* '''JK – Junkers''' (Designation for the Junkers [[Ju 88 (Family)|Ju 88 series]])
** [[Ju 88 A-4 (Sweden)|▄Ju 88 A-4]]
* '''MG – MiG''' (Designation for the [[MiG-21 (Family)|MiG-21 series]])
** [[MiG-21bis (Sweden)|▄MiG-21bis]]
** '''MGT – MiG Tiedustelu:''' MiG Reconnaissance (Designation for the Finnish reconnaissance version of the [[MiG-21F-13]])
** '''MGBT – MiG Bis Tiedustelu:''' MiG Bis Reconnaissance (Designation for the Finnish reconnaissance version of the [[MiG-21bis]])
* '''MS – Morane-Saulnier''' (Designation for the Morane-Saulnier [[M.S.406C1]], [[M.S.410]])
** '''MSv – Morane-Saulnier VK''' or '''Morane-Saulnier Venäläinen:''' Morane-Saulnier Russian (Designation for the Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 with Russian VK-105 engine)
*** [[Mörkö-Morane]]
* '''MT – Messerschmitt''' (Designation for the Messerschmitt [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109 series]])
** [[Bf 109 G-2 (Sweden)|▄Bf 109 G-2]]
** [[Bf 109 G-6 (Sweden)|▄Bf 109 G-6]]
** [[Bf 109 G-6 Erla (Sweden)|▄Bf 109 G-6 (Erla canopy)]]
* '''PM – Pyörremyrsky''' (Designation for the VL [[Pyörremyrsky]])

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
;Other designations
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* '''BL – Blenheim''' (Designation for the Bristol Blenheim, Mk I, [[Blenheim Mk IV]])
* '''BU – Bulldog''' (Designation for the Bristol Bulldog series)
* '''CA – Caudron''' (Designation for the Caudron [[C.R.714]])
* '''DK – Draken''' (Designation for the Saab 35 Draken series)
* '''DN – Dornier''' (Designation for the Dornier [[Do 17 (Family)|Do 17 series]])
* '''FA – Freccia''' (Designation for the Fiat [[G.50 (Family)|G.50 series]])
* '''FK – Fokker''' (Designation for the Fokker C.X)
* '''GL – Gladiator''' (Designation for the Gloster [[Gladiator (Family)|Gladiator series]])
* '''GN – Gnat''' (Designation for the Folland Gnat)
* '''GT – Gauntlet''' (Designation for the Gloster Gauntlet)
* '''HM – Humu''' (Designation for the VL Humu)
* '''HW – Hawk''' (Designation for the BAE Systems Hawk)
* '''IH – Istrebitel Hävittäjät:''' Istrebitel (Истребитель) Fighter (Designation for the Polikarpov [[I-15 M-22]], [[I-15bis]])
* '''IT – Istrebitel Tiedustelulentokoneet:''' Istrebitel (Истребитель) Reconnaissance aircraft (Designation for the Polikarpov [[I-153 M-62]])
* '''JF – Jaktfalken''' (Designation for the Svenska Aero [[J6B|Jaktfalken series]])
* '''KH – Kittyhawk''' (Designation for the Curtis [[P-40 (Family)|P-40 Kittyhawk series]])
* '''LG – LaGG''' (Designation for the Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov [[LaGG-3 (Family)|LaGG-3 series]])
* '''MY – Myrsky''' (Designation for the VL Myrsky series)
* '''NH – Neuvostoliittolainen Hinauskone:''' Soviet Towing-plane (Designation for the [[IL-28]], IL-28R)
* '''PE – Petlyakov''' (Designation for the Petlyakov [[Pe-2 (Family)|Pe-2 series]] and [[Pe-3 (Family)|Pe-3 series]])
* '''SB – Skorostnoi Bombardirovschik:''' (Скоростной бомбардировщик) High-speed Bomber (Designation for the Tupolev [[SB (Family)|SB 2M series]])
* '''VA – Vampire''' (Designation for the de Havilland Vampire Mk 52)
* '''VH – Venäläinen Hävittäjät:''' Russian Fighter (Early designation for the Polikarpov [[I-15 (Family)|I-15 series]])
* '''VP – Vänäläinen Pommikoneet:''' Russian Bomber (Early designation for the Tupolev [[SB (Family)|SB 2M series]])
* '''VT – Vampire Trainer''' (Designation for the de Havilland Vampire Mk 55)
</div></div>

=== (FI) Finnish Armour Registry ===
{{Notice|Only in-game equipment will be noted.}}
The '''Panssarirekisteri''', translated as ''Armour Registry'' is an index for Finnish armoured vehicles ranging from recovery vehicles, tanks and other.

*Ps. 001 - 099 | Armoured Car
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
;* Ps. 100 - 199 | Light Tank
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* Ps. 141 - [[PT-76 (Sweden)|PT-76B]]
:* Ps. 161 - [[Vickers Mk.E]] (Inc. [[T-26E (Sweden)|T-26E]])
:* Ps. 171 - [[CV9030FIN]]
</div></div>
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
;* Ps. 200 - 299 | Tank
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* Ps. 221 - [[Pz.IV (Sweden)|PzKw IV J]]
:* Ps. 231 - [[T-34 (Sweden)|T-34-76]]
:* Ps. 241 - [[T-28 (Sweden)|T-28]]
:* Ps. 245 - [[T-34-85 (Sweden)|T-34-85]]
:* Ps. 251 - [[Charioteer Mk VII (Sweden)|Charioteer Mk VII]]
:* Ps. 252 - [[Comet I (Sweden)|Comet I]]
:* Ps. 261 - [[T-54 (Sweden)|T-54]]
:* Ps. 262 - [[T-55M (Sweden)|T-55M]]
:* Ps. 264 - [[T-72M1 (Sweden)|T-72M1]]
:* Ps. 272 - [[KV-IB (Germany)|KV-1E]]
:* Ps. 273 - [[Leopard 2A4 (Sweden)|Leopard 2A4 FIN]]
:* Ps. 274 - [[Leopard 2A6 (Sweden)|Leopard 2A6 FIN]]
</div></div>

* Ps. 300 - 399 | ... 
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
;* Ps. 400 - 499 | Anti-Air
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* Ps. 455 - ItPsv 41 ([[L-62 ANTI II]])
:* Ps. 461 - ItPsv SU-57 ([[ZSU-57-2 (Sweden)|ZSU-57-2]])
:* Ps. 462 - ItPsv SU-57 ([[ZSU-57-2 (Sweden)|ZSU-57-2]])
:* Ps. 473 - [[ItPsV 90|ItPsv 90]] ([[Leopard 2 (Family)|Leopard 2 Marksman]])
:* Ps. 477 - [[ItO 90M]]
</div></div>
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
;* Ps. 500 - 599 | Self-propelled guns
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* Ps. 511 - [[BT-42]]
</div></div>

* Ps. 600 - 699 | Armoured personnel carriers
* Ps. 700 - 799 | Engineering Vehicles

== (FI) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Finnish|'''Back to the Finnish table''']]</div>

* '''Psv. – Panssarivaunu:''' Tank
** '''Psv.K – Panssarivaunu Kanuuna:''' Tank Cannon
*** '''[[Psv.K/36 (37 mm)|37 Psv.K/36]]''' (Swedish [[Kan m/38 (37 mm)|Kan m/36 (37 mm)]])
*** '''45 Psv.K/32 – 38''' (▂ [[20-K (45 mm)]] model 32 – 38)
*** '''75 Psv.K/40''' (▀ [[KwK40 L48 (75 mm)]] and [[StuK40 L48 (75 mm)]])
*** '''76 Psv.K/27''' (▂ [[L-10 (76 mm)]])
*** '''76 Psv.K/34''' (▂ [[F-32 (76 mm)]])
*** '''76 Psv.K/F-34''' (▂ [[F-34 (76 mm)]])
*** '''76 Psv.K/39''' (▂ [[ZiS-5 (76 mm)]])
*** '''85 Psv.K/44''' (▂ [[ZiS-S-53 (85 mm)]])
*** '''152 Psv.K/37''' (▂ [[ML-20S (152 mm)]])
** '''Psv.H – Panssarivaunu Haupitsi:''' Tank Howitzer
*** '''[[Psv.H/18 (114 mm)|114 Psv.H/18]]''' (British Q.F. 4.5 inch Howitzer Mk 2)
* '''LKk – LentoKonekivääri :''' Aircraft machine gun (literally: Air Machine rifle)
** [[LKk/42_(12.7_mm)|12.7 mm LKk/42 machine gun]]
* '''ItO – Ilmatorjuntaohjus:''' Anti-air missile (literally: Air protection missile)
** [[ItO 90M]] (vehicle named after its weapon system)
* '''ItPsv - Ilmatorjuntapanssarivaunu:''' Anti-air tank (literally: Air protection tank)
** ItPsv 41 ([[L-62 ANTI II]])
** ItPsv SU-57 ([[ZSU-57-2 (Sweden)|ZSU-57-2]])

== (FI) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''IVL – Ilmailuvoimien Lentokonetehdas:''' The Air Force's aircraft factory
* '''VL – Valtion Lentokonetehdas:''' State Aircraft factory
* '''VKT – Valtion Kivääritehdas:''' State Rifle factory

= French =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! French abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="French">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|French is spoken as a military language in (among others) the following countries:

*'''(BE)''' Belgium
*'''(CA)''' Canada
*'''(CH)''' Switzerland
*'''(FR)''' France
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(FR) Vehicle|(FR) Vehicle]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(FR) Weaponry|(FR) Weaponry]]
* [[#(BE) Weaponry|(BE) Weaponry]]

'''Munition'''

* [[#(FR) Munition|(FR) Munition]]

'''Prefix/Suffix'''

* [[#(FR) Prefix/Suffix|(FR) Prefix/Suffix]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(FR) Manufacturer/Designer|(FR) Manufacturer/Designer]]
* [[#(BE) Manufacturer/Designer|(BE) Manufacturer/Designer]]

'''Military'''

* [[#(FR) Military|(FR) Military]]
|}

== (FR) Vehicle ==

* '''Char – Char de bataille:''' Battle tank
** [[Char 25t]]
* '''AMC – Automitrailleuse de Combat:''' Combat machine gun (vehicle)
** [[AMC.34 YR]]
* '''AMD – Automitrailleuse de Découverte:''' Scout machine gun (vehicle)
** [[AMD.35]]
* '''AMR – Automitrailleuse de Reconnaissance:''' Scout machine gun (vehicle)
** [[AMR.35 ZT3]]
* '''AML – Automitrailleuse Légère:''' Light machine gun (vehicle)
** [[AML-90]]
* '''DCA – Défense contre avions:''' Anti-air defence
** [[AMX-30 DCA]]
* '''EBR – Engin Blindé de Reconnaissance:''' Armoured reconnaissance vehicle
** [[E.B.R. (1954)]]
* '''VTT – Véhicule de transport de troupe:''' Armoured personnel carrier (literally: Troop transport vehicle)
* '''CA – Canon d'assaut:''' Tank destroyer (literally: Assault cannon)
** [[CA Lorraine]]
* '''CAu – Canon automoteur:''' Self-propelled gun
** [[SAu 40|CAu SAu 40]]
* '''CC – Chasseur de Chars:''' Tank destroyer (literally: Tank hunter)
** [[Lorraine 37L|CC Lorraine]]
* '''TRC – Tracteur de ravitaillement pour chars:''' Tank supply tractor
* '''RC – Roues-Canon:''' Wheeled gun (carrier)
** [[AMX-10RC]]
* '''Mle – Modèle:''' Model
** [[Mle 1923 (7.5 mm)]]

== (FR) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#French|'''Back to the French table''']]</div>

* '''AAT – Arme Automatique Transformable:''' general-purpose machine gun
* '''SA – Semi-automatique:''' Semi-automatic (cannon)
** [[SA35 L/32 (47 mm)]]
* '''CA – Canon antiaérien:''' Anti-aircraft cannon
* '''CN – Canon:''' cannon (tank)
** [[CN-105-F1 (105 mm)]]
* '''CAD – Canon antiaérien double:''' Twin (mount) anti-aircraft cannon
* '''CAQ – Canon antiaérien quadruple:''' Quad (mount) anti-aircraft cannon
* '''T – Tourelle:''' turret-mounted (aircraft)
** [[MAC 1934T (7.5 mm)]]

== (BE) Weaponry ==

* '''MAG – Mitrailleuse d'Appui Général:''' general support machine gun
** [[FN MAG (7.92 mm)]]
** [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)]]

== (FR) Munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#French|'''Back to the French table''']]</div>

* '''ACRA – Anti-Char Rapide Autopropulsé:'''Anti-Tank Quick Self-propelled (missile)
** [[ACRA (142 mm)]]
* '''Ch.F – Charge Forte:''' (literally: Strong charge) Designates a shell whose propellant charge is bigger than usual shells. Effects are a higher initial speed, increased penetration but more stress and heating for the cannon.
* '''HOT – Haut Subsonique Optiquement Téléguidé:''' High Subsonic, Optical Remote-Guided, Tube-Launched (missile)
** [[HOT]]
* '''OE – Obus Explosif:''' High-explosive shell
* '''OEA – Obus Explosif Acier:''' High-explosive fuzed (AA) shell
* '''OEcl – Obus Eclairant:''' Illumination shell
* '''OPf – Obus Perforant:''' Armour-piercing shell
* '''OPfK – Obus Perforant (avec colorant) K:''' Armour-piercing naval shell (with type K spotting dye)
* '''OFl – Obus Flèche:''' APDS shell (literally: Dart shell)
* '''OCC – Obus Charge Creuse:''' HEAT shell (literally: Hollow charge shell)
* '''PCOT – Perforant Coiffé Ogive Traceur:''' Armour-piercing Capped Tracer shell
* '''POT – Perforant Ogive Traceur:''' Armour-piercing Tracer shell
* '''AA – Air-Air:''' Air-to-air (missile)
** [[AA-20 Nord]]
* '''AS – Air-Sol:''' Air-to-ground (missile)
** [[AS-20 Nord]]
* '''SS – Sol-Sol:''' Ground-to-ground (missile)
** [[SS.11]]
* '''TP – Traceuse Perforante:''' Armour-piercing Tracer shell

== (FR) Prefix/Suffix ==

* '''bis:''' Second (iteration)
** [[B1 bis]]
* '''ter:''' Third (iteration)
** [[B1 ter]]

== (FR) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#French|'''Back to the French table''']]</div>

* '''AMX – Atelier de Construction d'Issy-Les-Moulineaux:''' Issy-Les-Moulineaux construction workshop
** [[AMX-13]]
* '''APX – Atelier de Puteaux'''
* '''ACL – Atelier et Chantiers de la Loire'''
** [[ARL-44 (ACL-1)]]
* '''ARL – Atelier de Construction de Rueil:''' Rueil construction workshop
** [[ARL-44]]
* '''GIAT – Groupement Industriel de l'Armement Terrestre''' Industrial group for land weapon systems
** [[GIAT M781 (30 mm)]]
* '''S/SOMUA – Société d'outillage mécanique et d'usinage d'artillerie:''' Mechanical tooling and artillery machining company
** Char de cavalerie SOMUA 1935 S ([[S.35]])
* '''NC/SNCAC – Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Centre'''
** [[NC.900]]
* '''SA/SNCASE – Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud-Est'''
** [[SA.313B Alouette II]]
* '''SO/SNCASO – Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud-Ouest'''
** [[S.O.8000 Narval]]
* '''FCM – Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée'''
** [[FCM.36]]
* '''DEFA – Direction des Études et Fabrications d'Armes'''
** [[DEFA 551 (30 mm)]]
* '''MAC – Manufacture d'Armes de Châtellerault:''' Châtellerault weapons manufacturer
** [[MAC 1934 (7.5 mm)]]
* '''FL – Fives-Lille'''
** [[M4A1 (FL10)]]
* '''R – Renault'''
** [[R.35 (SA38)]]
* '''H – Hotchkiss'''
** [[H.35]]
* '''L – Lorraine'''
** [[Lorraine 37L]]
* '''D – Dewoitine'''
** Dewoitine [[D.520]]
* '''C/CR – Caudron(-Renault)'''
** Caudron [[C.R.714]]
* '''MS – Morane-Saulnier'''
** Morane-Saulnier [[M.S.405C1]]
* '''F – Farman'''
** Farman [[F.222.2]]
* '''MB – Marcel Bloch''' (renamed to Dassault in 1949)
** Bloch [[M.B.174A-3]]
* '''MD – Marcel Dassault'''
** Dassault [[M.D.452 IIA]]
* '''LeO – Lioré-et-Olivier'''
** Lioré-et-Olivier [[LeO 451 early]]
* '''VG – Arsenal''' (named after Michel Vernisse and Jean Galtier)
** Arsenal [[V.G.33C-1]]
* '''VB – Arsenal''' (named after Michel Vernisse and Michel Badie)
** Arsenal [[VB.10C-1]]
* '''HS – Hispano-Suiza'''
** [[Hispano HS.9 (20 mm)]]

== (BE) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''FN – Fabrique Nationale Herstal''' (National Factory Herstal)
** [[FN M3P (12.7 mm)]]
* '''FRC – Fonderie Royale des Canons''' (Royal Cannon Foundry)
* '''SABCA – Société Anonyme Belge de Constructions Aéronautiques:''' Belgian Limited Company of Aeronautical Constructions
* '''SV – Stampe-Vertongen'''
** '''R – Renard''' (named after Alfred Renard)
*** Renard R.36

== (FR) Military ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#French|'''Back to the French table''']]</div>

* '''BCC – Battalion de Chars de Combat:''' Battle tank battalion
* '''RCC – Régiment de Chars de Combat:''' Battle tank regiment
* '''DCr – Division Cuirassée:''' Armoured division
* '''MN – Marine Nationale:''' French navy (literally: National navy)
* '''FNFL – Forces Navales Françaises Libres:''' Free French naval forces
* '''FAFL – Forces Aériennes Françaises Libres:''' Free French air forces

= German =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! German abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="German">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|German is spoken as a military language in (among others) the following countries:

*'''(AT)''' Austria
*'''(CH)''' Switzerland
*'''(DE)''' Germany
**'''(FRG)''' Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany)
**'''(GDR)''' German Democratic Republic (East Germany)
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(DE) Vehicle|(DE) Vehicle]]
** [[#(DE) Ground|(DE) Ground]]
*** [[#(DE) Sd.Kfz. Index|(DE) Sd.Kfz. Index]]
** [[#(DE) Air|(DE) Air]]
** [[#(DE) Naval|(DE) Naval]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(CH) Weaponry|(CH) Weaponry]]
* [[#(DE) Weaponry|(DE) Weaponry]]

'''Munition'''

* [[#(DE) Munition|(DE) Munition]]

'''Prefix/Suffix'''

* [[#(DE) Prefix/Suffix|(DE) Prefix/Suffix]]
** [[#(DE) Beutepanzers|(DE) Beutepanzers]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(DE) Manufacturer/Designer|(DE) Manufacturer/Designer]]

'''Military'''

* [[#(DE) Military|(DE) Military]]
|}

== (DE) Vehicle ==
=== (DE) Ground ===

;(DE) WWII

* '''Pz. – Panzer:''' Tank (literally: Armour)
** '''Wg. – Wagen:''' Vehicle
** '''Kpfw. – Kampfwagen:''' (literally: Combat vehicle)
*** [[Pz.IV F2|Pz.Kpfw. IV F2]]
** '''J./Jg./Jgd. – Jagd''' Tank destroyer (literally: Hunt)
* '''Sp. – Späh:''' Scout
* '''Bfw. – Befehl(s):''' Command
** [[Bfw. Jagdpanther]]
* '''Stu – Sturm:''' Assault
** '''G – Geschütz:''' Gun
*** [[StuG III A]]
** '''H – Haubitze:''' Howitzer
*** [[StuH 42 G]]
** '''K – Kanone:''' Cannon
*** [[StuK40 L43 (75 mm)]]
*** [[StuK40 L48 (75 mm)]]
* '''Pz.W./Pz.Wfr. – Panzerwerfer:''' Multitple rocket launcher (literally: Armoured launcher)
** [[15 cm Pz.W.42]]
* '''VK – Versuchskonstruktion:''' Trial design (literally: Experimental construction) or '''Vollketten/Vollkettenfahrzeug:''' Fully tracked/Fully tracked vehicle
** [[VK 3002 (M)|VK 30.02 (M)]]
** [[VK 45.01 (P)]]
* '''E – Entwicklung:''' Development (refers to the proposed standardised tank development projects)
** [[E-100]]
* '''Ausf. – Ausführung:''' Model
* '''Fgst. – Fahrgestell:''' Chassis
** [[Flakpanzer 38|Flakpanzer 38, 2 cm, Pz.Fgst.38 (t) Sf.]]
* '''Sf./Sfl. – Selbstfahrlafette:''' Self-propelled gun (literally: Self-propelled carriage)
** [[Pz.Sfl.Ic]]
* '''GW – Geschützwagen:''' (Heavy) self-propelled gun (literally: Gun vehicle)
* '''ZgKw – Zugkraftwagen:''' Truck
* '''Zug – Zugkraftwagen:''' Truck (not to be confused with "Zug", train, or "Zug", platoon)

;(GDR) / (FGR) Post-War

* '''KPz – Kampfpanzer:''' Battle tank
** [[KPz-70]]
* '''SPz – Schützenpanzer:''' Infantry fighting vehicle (literally: Rifleman's tank)
** [[SPz BMP-1]]
* '''SPW — Schützenpanzerwagen:''' Armoured personnel carrier (literally: Rifleman's armoured vehicle)
* '''JPz – Jagdpanzer:''' Tank destroyer (literally: Hunt tank)
** [[JPz 4-5]]
* '''RakJPz – Raketenjagdpanzer:''' (Missile-carrier based) tank destroyer (literally: Rocket hunt tank)
** [[RakJPz 2]]
* '''VT – Versuchsträger:''' Test-bed (literally: Experiment carrier)
** [[VT1-2]]

==== (DE) Sd.Kfz. Index====
{{Notice|Only in-game available vehicles & relevant base vehicle are noted down}}
'''{{Annotation|Sonderkraftfahrzeug|special purpose vehicle}}''' (abbreviated '''Sd.Kfz.''') was the ordnance inventory designation used by Nazi Germany during World War II for military vehicles ranging from armoured, tracked & half-tracked.

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Sd.Kfz. 1 – 99:''' Unarmoured half-tracked vehicles:
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:*'''Sd.Kfz. 4''' (Maultier based on 4.5-ton trucks)
:** [[15 cm Pz.W.42|'''Sd.Kfz. 4/2''' (15 cm Pz.W.42)]]
:*'''Sd.Kfz. 6''' (5-ton medium halftrack for engineers)
:** '''{{Annotation|Sd.Kfz. 6/1|AI vehicle}}''' (5-ton medium half-track for the artillery)
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz. 6/2]]''' (self-propelled [[FlaK 36 (37 mm)]])
:*'''Sd.Kfz. 9''' (18-ton heavy half-track)
:** [[8,8 cm Flak 37 Sfl.]] ('''Sd.Kfz.9''' with [[FlaK 37 (88 mm)]])
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Sd.Kfz. 100 – 199:''' Tanks and tank variants, such as tank destroyers and self-propelled artillery:
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 121''': [[Pz.II (Family)|Pz.II Ausf. A – F]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 138''': [[Marder III H]] (75 mm AT-gun)
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 138/2''': [[Jagdpanzer 38(t)]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 139''': [[Marder III]] (76.2 mm AT-gun)
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 140''': [[Flakpanzer 38]](t)
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz. 140/1]]'''
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 141''': [[Panzer III (Family)|Pz.III A – J]] ([[KwK36 (37 mm)]] or [[KwK L/42 (50 mm)]])
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 141/1''': [[Panzer III (Family)|Pz.III J1 – M]] ([[KwK39 (50 mm)]] L/60)
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 141/2''': [[Panzer III (Family)|Pz.III N]] ([[KwK37 (75 mm)]])
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 142''': [[StuG III (Family)|StuG III A – E]] ([[KwK37 (75 mm)]])
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 142/1''': [[StuG III (Family)|StuG III F – G]] ([[StuK40 L43 (75 mm)]] or [[StuK40 L48 (75 mm)]])
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 142/2''': [[StuG III (Family)|StuH 42]] ([[StuH42 (105 mm)]])
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 161''': [[Pz.IV (Family)|Pz.IV A – F1]] ([[KwK37 (75 mm)]])
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 161/1''': [[Pz.IV (Family)|Pz.IV F2 – G]] ([[KwK40 L43 (75 mm)]])
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 161/2''': [[Pz.IV (Family)|Pz.IV G – J]] ([[KwK40 L48 (75 mm)]])
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 161/3''': [[Ostwind]], [[Kugelblitz]], Möbelwagen
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 161/4''': [[Wirbelwind]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 162''': [[Jagdpanzer IV]]
:** '''Sd.Kfz. 162/1''': [[Panzer IV/70(V)]] & [[Panzer IV/70(A)]] (Jagdpanzer IV with [[PaK42 (75 mm)]] L/70)
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 164''': [[Nashorn]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 166''': [[Brummbar]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 171''': [[Panther tank (Family)|Pz.V 'Panther']]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 172''': [[Panther II|Pz.V 'Panther II']]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 173''': [[Jagdpanther]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 181''': [[Tiger I (Family)|Pz.VI 'Tiger']]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 182''': [[Tiger II (Family)|Pz.VI 'Tiger II']]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 184''': [[Ferdinand]] / [[Elefant]]
:* '''Sd.Kfz. 186''': [[Jagdtiger]]
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Sd.Kfz. 200 – 299:''' Reconnaissance vehicles, armoured cars, armoured personnel carriers, and command tanks:
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* '''Sd.Kfz.221''': (Leichter Panzerspähwagen (M.G.))
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.221 (s.Pz.B.41)]]'''
:* '''Sd.Kfz.222''': (Leichter Panzerspähwagen (2 cm))
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.222]]'''
:* '''[[Sd.Kfz.234 (Family)|Sd.Kfz. 234]]''': (Schwerer Panzerspähwagen)
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.234/1]]'''
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.234/2]]'''
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.234/3]]'''
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.234/4]]'''
:* '''[[Sd.Kfz.251 (Family)|Sd.Kfz. 251]]''': (medium armoured half-track)
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.251/9]]'''
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.251/10]]'''
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.251/21]]'''
:** '''[[Sd.Kfz.251/22]]'''
</div></div>

* '''Sd.Kfz. 300+:''' Mine-clearing and demolition charge laying vehicles

=== (DE) Air ===
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#German|'''Back to the German table''']]</div>

* '''StuKa – Sturzkampfflugzeug:''' Dive bomber (literally: Dive fighting aircraft)
* '''PAH – Panzerabwehrhubschrauber:''' Anti-tank helicopter
** [[BO 105 PAH-1]]

=== (DE) Naval ===

* '''Z – Zerstörer:''' Destroyer
** [[Z20 Karl Galster]]
* '''K – Kanonenboot:''' Gun boat
** [[K2]]
* '''T – Torpedoboot:''' Torpedo boat
** [[T31]]
* '''R – Räumboot:''' Mine sweeper
** [[R-41]]
* '''S – Schnellboot:''' Fast attack craft
** [[S-100]]
* '''LS – Leichte-Schnellboot:''' Light fast attack craft
** [[LS 3]]
* '''VS – Versuchs-Schnellboot:''' Experimental fast attack craft
** [[VS-10]]
* '''SF – Siebelfähre:''' Siebel ferry (named after Friedrich Siebel)
** [[SF40 Light]]
* '''AF/AFP – Artilleriefährprahm:''' Artillery ferry barge
** [[AF D1]]
* '''MZ – Mehrzweckboot:''' Multi-purpose boat
** [[MZ1]]
* '''U – Unterseeboot:''' Submarine

== (CH) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#German|'''Back to the German table''']]</div>

* '''KDA''' – '''K'''anone, Kalibergruppe '''D''', Ausführung '''A''': Cannon, calibre group D (30 mm+), variant A (belt-fed)
** [[Oerlikon KDA (35 mm)]]
* '''KAD''' – '''K'''anone, Kalibergruppe '''A''', Ausführung '''D''': Cannon, calibre group A (20 mm), variant D
** [[Oerlikon KAD (20 mm)]]

== (DE) Weaponry ==

* '''FH – Feldhaubitze:''' Field howitzer
* '''IG – Infanteriegeschütz:''' Infantry gun
** [[s.I.G.33 (150 mm)]]
* '''Sfl – Selbstfahrlafette:''' Self-propelled gun (literally: Self-propelled mount/chassis)
* '''KwK – Kampfwagenkanone:''' Tank gun (literally: Combat vehicle cannon)
** [[KwK42 (75 mm)]]
* '''PaK – Panzerabwehrkanone:''' Anti-tank gun (literally: Armour-defence cannon)
** [[PaK39 L48 (75 mm)]]
* '''FlaK/Flak – Flugabwehrkanone/Fliegerabwehrkanone:''' Anti-air gun (literally: Air-defence cannon)
** [[FlaK43 (37 mm)]]
* '''MG – Maschinengewehr:''' Machine gun (literally: Machine rifle)
** [[MG34 (7.92 mm)]]
* '''MG FF – Maschinengewehr Flügel Fest:''' Machine gun wing-fixed
** [[MG FF (20 mm)]]
* '''MG FF/M – Maschinengewehr Flügel Fest/Minengeschoß:''' Machine gun wing-fixed/mineshot
** [[MG FF/M (20 mm)]]
* '''MK – Maschinenkanone:''' Autocannon (literally: Machine cannon), occasionally '''Motorkanone''', cannon firing through an engine
** [[MK 108 (30 mm)]]
* '''SK – Schiffskanone:''' Ship cannon (originally used as Schnellfeuerkanone: Quick-firing cannon during WWI)
** [[SK C/32 (105 mm)]]
* '''TbtK – Torpedobootskanone:''' Torpedo boat cannon (also used for some destroyer turrets/guns)
* '''BK – Bordkanone:''' Board cannon (large calibre guns equipped on aircraft)
** [[BK 3.7 (37 mm)]]
* '''BR – Bordrakete:''' Board rocket (rockets equipped to aircraft)
* '''K – Kanone:''' Cannon
* '''T – Torpedo'''
* '''LT – Lufttorpedo:''' Aerial torpedo (torpedoes used by aircraft)
* '''L/ – Länge:''' Length (refers to calibre-length of gun barrels)
** [[KwK36 (88 mm)|8.8 cm L/56 KwK36]] (barrel length of 56 x 88 mm = 4.928 m)
* '''C/ – Construktionsjahr:''' Year of construction (archaic spelling of Konstruktion)
** [[2 cm/65 C/38 (20 mm)]] (model of 1938)
* '''L – Lafette:''' Gun mount
* '''DopL – Doppellafette:''' Twin gun mount (literally: Double mount)
* '''DrhL – Drehturmlafette:''' Turret gun mount (literally: Turntable turret mount)
* '''Pz.B. – Panzerbüchse:''' Anti-tank rifle (literally: Tank rifled gun)
** [[s.Pz.B.41 (28/20 mm)]]

== (DE) Munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#German|'''Back to the German table''']]</div>

* '''Gr – Granate:''' Grenade (synonymous with both shell and shot)
* '''Br – Brandkörper:''' Incendiary charge (literally: Blaze body)
* '''KGr – Kanonengranate:''' Cannon shell (literally: Cannon grenade)
* '''PzGr – Panzergranate:''' Armour-piercing shell (literally: Armour grenade)
* '''BrGr – Brandgranate:''' Incendiary shell (literally: Fire grenade)
* '''PzBrGr – Panzerbrandgranate:''' Armour-piercing incendiary shell (literally: Armour Fire grenade)
* '''SpGr – Sprenggranate:''' High-explosive fragmentation shell (literally: Burst grenade). Sometimes spelled Sprgr.
* '''PzSpGr – Panzersprenggranate:''' Armour-piercing high-explosive shell (literally: Armour burst grenade)
* '''HlGr – Hohlladungsgranate:''' High-explosive anti-tank shell (literally: Hollow-charge grenade)
* '''Patr – Patrone:''' Bullet
* '''GrPatr – Granatpatrone:''' Shell (for 15 and 20 mm munition)
* '''SC – Sprengbombe Cylindrisch:''' General-purpose bomb (archaic spelling of zylindrisch, literally: Burst bomb, cylindrical)
* '''SD – Sprengbombe Dickwandig:''' Semi-armour-piercing bomb (literally: Burst bomb, thick-walled)
* '''PC – Panzersprengbombe Cylindrisch:''' Armour-piercing high-explosive bomb (literally: Armour-bursting bomb, cylindrical)
* '''PD – Panzersprengbombe Dickwandig:''' Heavy armour-piercing bomb (literally: Armour-bursting bomb, thick-walled)
* '''LFK – Lenkflugkörper:''' (Anti-tank) guided missile (literally: Guided flight body)
* '''F5W – Torpedo designation:''' F – 17.7 inch (450 mm) calibre, 5 – roughly 5 meter length, W – whitehead (German designation of Italian F200/450 torpedo)
* '''G7a/T 1 – Torpedo designation:''' G – 21 inch (533 mm) calibre, 7 – roughly 7 meter length, a – steam propulsion, T 1 – Torpedo model number 1
* '''L'spur – Leuchtspur:''' Tracer
* '''Zerl. – Zerleger:''' Self-destroying (literally: Disassambler)
* '''Fp – Füllpulver:''' Explosive filling (literally: Filling powder)
* '''DM – Deutsches Modell:''' German Model (modern designation to differentiate between American M munition)
* '''Zt.Z – Zeitzünder:''' Time fuse
* '''Lh – Lichtspurhülse:''' Base tracer
* '''Bd.Z – Bodenzünder:''' Base fuse. Sometimes spelled Bdz
* '''m.Hb – mit Haube:''' Capped

== (DE) Prefix/Suffix ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#German|'''Back to the German table''']]</div>

* '''le – leicht/leichte/leichter:''' Light
* '''m — mittlere/mittlerer:''' Medium
* '''s – schwer/schwere/schwerer:''' Heavy
* '''gp – gepanzert:''' Armoured
* '''nA – neuer Art:''' Modernized (literally: New type)
* '''U – Umbau:''' Conversion (kit)
** [[Me 410 A-1/U2]]
* '''R – Rüstsatz:''' Upgrade (kit)
** [[Me 410 B-6/R3]]
* '''/Trop – Tropen:''' Tropic (variant with air filters)
** [[Bf 109 G-2/trop]]
* '''(Mob) – Mobilmachung:''' Mobilization (design modification aimed at simplified and thus faster construction)
** [[Z32|Type 1936A (Mob)]]

=== (DE) Beutepanzer ===
Many foreign vehicles were captured and used by the Germans during the war and dubbed as ''Beutepanzer'' (Lit: Loot Tanks). These would be renamed under German designation, both combat captured and produced within captured countries would follow these designations. Redesignation of both small-arms and cannons follow their own naming and designations. All identification numbers can overlap.

The redesignation of these vehicles would be loosely structured around the overall vehicle type or intended use including for example; year, calibre, pre-existing designation, etc.

* 200 – Armoured Cars
* 300 – Half-tracks
* 400 – Armoured Half-tracks
* 600 – Fully tracked Artillery Tractors
** 630 – Armoured Artillery Tractors
* 700 – Tanks
* 800 – Self-propelled Guns

{| class="wikitable"
!Letter code
!German
!English
|-
|(a)
|amerikanisch
|American
|-
|(b)
|belgisch
|Belgian
|-
|(d)
|dänisch
|Danish
|-
|(e)
|englisch
|English
|-
|(f)
|französisch
|French
|-
|(g)
|griechisch
|Greek
|-
|(h)
|holländisch
|Dutch
|-
|(i)
|italienisch
|Italian
|-
|(j)
|jugoslawisch
|Yugoslavian
|-
|(n)
|norwegisch
|Norwegian
|-
|(ö)
|österreichisch
|Austrian
|-
|(p)
|polnisch
|Polish
|-
|(r)
|russisch
|Russian (Soviet)
|-
|(s)
|schweizerisch
|Swiss
|-
|(t)
|tschechisch
|Czechoslovakian
|-
|(u)
|ungarisch
|Hungarian
|}
Examples:

* In-Game:
** [[Pz.35(t)|Pz.35(t) - (LT-35)]]
** [[LT-38 (Family)|Pz.38(t) - (LT-38)]]
** [[T 34 747 (r) (Germany)|Pz. T-34 747(r) - (T-34)]]
** [[M4 748 (a) (Germany)|Pz. M4 748(a) - (M4)]]
** [[KW II 754 (r) (Germany)|Pz. KV-II 754(r) - (KV-2)]]
** [[KW I C 756 (r) (Germany)|Pz. KV-IC 756(r) - (KV-1 (1942) modified)]]

* Not captured In-Game:
** [[AMD.35|Pz.Sp.Wg. P 204(f) - ('''P'''anhard AMD.35)]]
** [[P.7.T AA|ZgKw. Ci 301(f) - ('''Ci'''troën P.7.T)]]
** [[FCM.36|Pz. FCM 737(f) - (FCM.36)]]
** [[Tetrarch I|Pz. Mk.VII 737(e) - (Tetrach I)]]
** [[P40|Pz. P40 737(i) - (P40/26)]]
** Pz. [[B1 bis|B1]]/[[B1 ter|B2]] 740(f) - (B1 bis/ter)
** [[M43 (Family)|StuG M43 105/25 853(i) - (105/25 M43)]]

* Some Captured Vehicles Wouldn't Be Fully Designated:
** [[Pz.Kpfw. Churchill (Germany)|Inf.Pz. Mk IV(e) - (Churchill)]] <small>In-Game premium</small>
** [[M10 GMC|Jagdpanzer M10(a) - (M10)]] <small>Not captured In-Game</small>

==(DE) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#German|'''Back to the German table''']]</div>

* '''Ar – Arado'''
** [[Ar 234 B-2]]
* '''Bf – Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW):''' Bavarian Aircraft Factory (renamed to Messerschmitt in 1938)
** [[Bf 109 K-4]]
* '''BMW – Bayerische Motorenwerke:''' Bavarian Motor Factory
* '''Bo – Bölkow''' (from the alternative spelling Boelkow)
** [[BO 105 PAH-1]]
* '''BV – Blohm & Voss'''
** [[BV 238]]
* '''DB – Daimler-Benz'''
** DB 601
* '''Do – Dornier'''
** [[Do 217 E-2]]
* '''Fw – Focke-Wulf'''
** [[Fw 190 A-5]]
* '''Ha – Hamburger Flugzeugbau (HFB)'''
* '''He – Heinkel'''
** [[He 111 H-3]]
* '''Ho – Horten'''
** [[Ho 229 V3]]
* '''Hs – Henschel'''
** [[Hs 129 B-3]]
* '''Ju – Junkers'''
** [[Ju 87 D-5]]
* '''Me – Messerschmitt'''
** [[Me 410 A-1]]
* '''Ta – Focke-Wulf''' (named after Kurt Tank)
** [[Ta 152 C-3]]
* '''Rh – Rheinmetall'''
** [[Rh202 (20 mm)]]
* '''Ru – Ruhrstahl'''
** [[Ru 251]]
* '''(M) – MAN''' (Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg)
** [[VK 3002 (M)|VK 30.02 (M)]]
* '''(P) – Porsche'''
** [[VK 45.01 (P)]]
** [[Tiger II (P)]]
* '''(H) – Henschel'''
** [[Tiger II (H)]]
* '''(A) – Alkett''' (Altmärkische Kettenwerk GmbH)
** [[Panzer IV/70(A)]]
* '''(V) – VOMAG''' (Vogtländische Maschinenfabrik Aktiengesellschaft)
** [[Panzer IV/70(V)]]

== (DE) Military ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#German|'''Back to the German table''']]</div>

* '''KM – Kriegsmarine:''' German navy (literally: War navy)
* '''LW – Luftwaffe:''' German air force (literally: Air weapon)
* '''BW – Bundeswehr:''' (Modern) German army (literally: Federation defence)
* '''RLM – Reichsluftfahrtministerium:''' Ministry of national aviation
* '''OKW – Oberkommando der Wehrmacht:''' High command of the armed forces (Wehrmacht)
* '''JG – Jagdgeschwader:''' Fighter division (literally: hunt division)
* '''NJG – Nachtjagdgeschwader:''' Night fighter division (literally: night hunt division)
* '''ZG – Zerstörergeschwader:''' Heavy fighter division (literally: destroyer division)
* '''KG – Kampfgeschwader:''' Bomber division (literally: fight division)
* '''SKG – Schnellkampfgeschwader:''' Fast bomber division (literally: fast fight division)
* '''StG – Sturzkampfgeschwader:''' Dive bomber division (literally: dive fight division)

= Hungarian =
=== (HU) Manufacturer/Designer ===

* '''MÁVAG – Magyar Királyi Államvasutak Gépgyára:''' Hungarian Royal State Railroads' Machine Factory

= Italian =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! Italian abbreviations (quicklinks)‎<span id="Italian">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(IT) Vehicle|(IT) Vehicle]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(IT) Manufacturer/Designer|(IT) Manufacturer/Designer]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(IT) Weaponry|(IT) Weaponry]]

'''Prefix/Suffix'''

* [[#(IT) Prefix/Suffix|(IT) Prefix/Suffix]]
|}

== (IT) Vehicle ==

* '''P – Pesante:''' Heavy (tank)
** [[P40|P26/40]]: Heavy tank, 26 tons, model 1940
* '''M – Medio:''' Medium (tank)
** [[M15/42]]: Medium tank, 15 tons, model 1942
* '''L – Leggero:''' Light (tank)
** [[L6/40]]: Light tank, 6 tons, model 1930
* '''AB – Autoblinda:''' Armoured car
** [[AB 41]]: Armoured car, model 1941
* '''AS – Autocarro Sahariano:''' Saharan Truck
** [[AS42]]
* '''CV – Carro Veloce:''' Tankette (literally: Fast cart)
** [[L3/33 CC|CV-33]]
* '''R – Ricognizione:''' Reconnaissance (vehicle)
** [[R3 T106 FA]]
* '''SIDAM – Sistema Italiano di Difesa Aerea Mobile:''' Italian system for mobile air-defence
** [[SIDAM 25]]
* '''VCC - Veicolo da Combattimento Corazzato''': Armoured Combat Vehicle
** [[Dardo|VCC Dardo]]
* '''VBC - Veicolo Blindato da Combattimento''': Armoured Fighting Vehicle
** [[VBC (PT2)|VBC (PT-2)]]

== (IT) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Italian|'''Back to the Italian table''']]</div>
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 75%"
! Acronym
! Company
! Note / Translation
! Example
|-
! colspan="4" | Air vehicles
|-
| C.R.
| Caccia Rosatelli
| (Fighter) named after Celestino Rosatelli
| FIAT [[C.R.42 (Family)|C.R.42]]
|-
| B.R.
| Bombardiere Rosatelli
| (Bomber) named after Celestino Rosatelli
| FIAT [[B.R.20 (Family)|B.R.20]]
|-
| G.
|
| named after Giuseppe Gabrielli
| FIAT [[G.50 (Family)|G.50]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | S. <br>S.M.
| Società Anonima Costruzioni<br>Aeronautiche Savoia
| Savoy Aeronautical Constructions Company
| Savoia [[S.81]]
|-
| Marchetti
| named after Alessandro Marchetti
| Savoia-Marchetti [[S.M.79 (Family)|S.M.79]]
|-
| P.
| Piaggio
|
| Piaggio [[P.108 (Family)|P.108]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | M.C.
| (Aeronautica) Macchi
| Aeronautics Machi
| rowspan="2" | Macchi [[C.200 (Family)|M.C.200]]
|-
| Castoldi
| named after Mario Castoldi
|-
| Ba.
| Società Italiana Ernesto Breda
| Italian Company Ernesto Breda
| Breda [[Ba.65 (K.14) L|Ba.65]]
|-
| Re.
| Officine Meccaniche Reggiane SpA
| Technical Bureau Reggiane Subsidiary
| Reggiane [[Re.2000 (Family)|Re.2000]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | CANT Z.
| Cantieri Aeronautici e Navali Triestini
| Aeronautical and naval yard Trieste
| rowspan="2" | CANT [[Z.1007 (Family)|Z.1007]]
|-
| Zappata
| named after Filippo Zappata
|-
| rowspan="2" | Ro.
| Industrie Meccaniche e <br> Aeronautiche Meridionali
| Southern Mechanical and <br> Aeronautical industries
| rowspan="2" | IMAM [[Ro.57 Quadriarma|Ro.57]]
|-
| Aeroplani Romeo
| named after the initial company name <br> (Romeo Aircraft)
|-
! colspan="4" |Helicopters
|-
|AB
|Agusta-Bell
|
|[[AB 205 A-1|AB 205A-1]]
|-
|A
|Agusta
|
|[[A.109EOA-2]]
|-
! colspan="4" | Ground vehicles
|-
| OTO
| Odero-Terni-Orlando
|
| [[OTOMATIC]]
|-
| FIAT
| Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino
| Italian automobile factory Turin
| [[FIAT 6614]]
|-
| OF
| OTO-FIAT
|
| [[OF-40 (Family)|OF-40]]
|-
! colspan="4" | Armament
|-
| SAFAT
| Società Anonima Fabbrica Armi Torino
| Turin arms factory incorporated company
| [[Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)]]
|}

== (IT) Weaponry ==

* '''SR – Senza Rinculo:''' Recoilless (gun)

== (IT) Prefix/Suffix ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Italian|'''Back to the Italian table''']]</div>
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50%"
!Affix
!Meaning
!Translation
!Example
|-
|A
|Artigliere
|Artillery
|[[P.108A serie 2|P.108A]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |AS
|Aerosilurante
|Air torpedo
|[[G.55S]]
|-
|Africa Settentrionale
|North Africa (trop. Filter)
|[[Bf 109 G-14/AS (Italy)|Bf 109 G-14/AS]]
|-
|B
|Bombardiere
|Bomber
|[[P.108 (Family)|P.108B]]
|-
|CB
|Caccia Bombardiere
|Fighter-Bomber
|[[Re.2001 CB]]
|-
|CC
|Contro Carro
|Anti-Tank (rifle)
|[[L3/33 CC]]
|-
|CN
|Caccia Notturno
|Night-Fighter
|[[Re.2001 CN]]
|-
|EC
|Esperimento Cannoni
|Experimental Cannons
|[[C.202EC]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |N
|Normale
|Normal
|[[S.M.79 bis/N (Germany)|S.M.79 bis/N]]
|-
|Nuovo
|New
|[[C.205N2]]
|-
|TM
|Totalmente Modificato
|Completely Modified
|[[S.M.79 bis/T.M]]
|-
|CIO
|Caccia Intercettore Ogni tempo
|Fighter-Interceptor All-time
| rowspan="2" |[[F-104S]]
|-
|CBO
|Caccia Bombardiere Ogni tempo
|Fighter-Bomber All-time
|}

= Japanese =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! colspan="5" | Japanese abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Japanese">‎</span>
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
| colspan="5" style="vertical-align:top;" |Japanese is spoken as a military language in the following countries:

*'''(JP)''' Japan
**'''(IJA)''' Imperial Japanese Army
**'''(IJN)''' Imperial Japanese Navy
**'''(SDF)''' Japanese Self Defense Forces
*'''(MAN)''' (Former) Manchukuo/Manchuria
* And other former puppet states
|-
| colspan="5" style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(JP) Vehicle|(JP) Vehicle]]
** [[#(JP) Air|(JP) Air]]
*** [[#(IJA) Army|(IJA) Army]]
**** [[#(IJA) Nicknames|(IJA) Nicknames]]
*** [[#(IJN) Navy|(IJN) Navy]]
**** [[#(IJN) First letters (role)|(IJN) First letters (role)]]
**** [[#(IJN) Second letters (manufacturers/designers)|(IJN) Second letters (manufacturers/designers)]]
**** [[#(IJN) Full and Model designation|(IJN) Full and Model designation]]
**** [[#(IJN) Official name designation|(IJN) Official name designation]]
*** [[#(SDF) JASDF|(SDF) JASDF]]
** [[#(JP) Ground|(JP) Ground]]
*** [[#(IJA) Army|(IJA) Army]]
**** [[#(IJA) Vehicle type|(IJA) Vehicle type]]
**** [[#(IJA) Order system|(IJA) Order system]]
*** [[#(SDF) JGSDF|(SDF) JGSDF]]
**** [[#(SDF) Prototype designations|(SDF) Prototype designations]]
** [[#(JP) Naval|(JP) Naval]]
*** [[#(IJN) Naming convention|(IJN) Naming convention]]
*** [[#(JMSDF) Naming convention| (JMSDF) Naming convention]]

'''Weaponry and munition'''

* [[#(JP) Weaponry and munition|(JP) Weaponry and munition]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(IJN) Manufacturer/Designer|(IJN) Manufacturer/Designer]]
|-
! colspan="5" |(JP) Calendar and Type Numbers
|-
| colspan="5" |
* Japanese Imperial Year: Starts with the founding of Japan in 660 BC
* Japanese Era Name ({{Annotation|年号|Nengō}}): Literally "year name" are names given to (usually) reign periods of Japanese Emperors.
* Shisaku number: After the shift of using nengō years, the navy re-adopted the use of nengō for their prototype planes to distinguish them from adopted models.
|-
!Year
!Japanese<br>Imperial<br>Year
!Nengō<br>Era
!Type<br>Number
!Shisaku<br>Number
|-
|1868<br>⋮<br>1912||2528<br>⋮<br>2572||'''Meiji 1'''<br>⋮<br>'''Meiji 44'''||'''Type 1'''<br>⋮<br>'''Type 44'''||
|-
|1912<br>⋮<br>1926||2572<br>⋮<br>2586||'''Taishō 1'''<br>⋮<br><small>'''Taishō 15'''</small>||'''Type 1'''<br>⋮<br>'''Type 15'''||
|-
|1927||'''2587'''||Shōwa 2||'''Type 87'''||
|-
|1928||'''2588'''||Shōwa 3||'''Type 88'''||
|-
|1929||'''2589'''||Shōwa 4||[[Type 89 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 89''']]||
|-
|1930||'''2590'''||Shōwa 5||[[Type 90 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 90''']]||
|-
|1931||'''2591'''||''Shōwa 6''||[[Type 91 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 91''']]||''6-Shi''
|-
|1932||'''2592'''||''Shōwa 7''||[[Type 92 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 92''']]||''7-Shi''
|-
|1933||'''2593'''||''Shōwa 8''||[[Type 93 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 93''']]||''8-Shi''
|-
|1934||'''2594'''||''Shōwa 9''||[[Type 94 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 94''']]||''9-Shi''
|-
|1935
|'''2595'''||<small>''Shōwa 10''</small>||[[Type 95 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 95''']]||''10-Shi''
|-
|1936||'''2596'''||<small>''Shōwa 11''</small>||[[Type 96 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 96''']]||''11-Shi''
|-
|1937||'''2597'''||<small>''Shōwa 12''</small>||[[Type 97 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 97''']]||''12-Shi''
|-
|1938||'''2598'''||<small>''Shōwa 13''</small>||[[Type 98 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 98''']]||''13-Shi''
|-
|1939||'''2599'''||<small>''Shōwa 14''</small>||[[Type 99 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 99''']]||''14-Shi''
|-
|1940||'''2600'''||<small>''Shōwa 15''</small>||[[Type 100 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 100''']]<br>[[Type 0 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 0''']]||''15-Shi''
|-
|1941||'''2601'''||<small>''Shōwa 16''</small>||[[Type 1 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 1''']]||''16-Shi''
|-
|1942||'''2602'''||<small>''Shōwa 17''</small>||[[Type 2 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 2''']]||''17-Shi''
|-
|1943||'''2603'''||<small>''Shōwa 18''</small>||[[Type 3 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 3''']]||''18-Shi''
|-
|1944||'''2604'''||<small>''Shōwa 19''</small>||[[Type 4 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 4''']]||''19-Shi''
|-
|1945||'''2605'''||<small>''Shōwa 20''</small>||[[Type 5 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 5''']]||''20-Shi''
|-
! colspan="5" |Post-War
|-
|'''1946'''<br>⋮<br>'''1960'''<br>⋮<br>'''1989'''
|2606<br>⋮<br>2620<br>⋮<br>2649
|Shōwa
|'''Type 46'''<br>⋮<br>[[Type 60 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 60''']]<br>⋮<br>[[Type 89 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 89''']]
|
|-
|'''1989'''<br>'''1990'''<br>⋮<br>'''1993'''<br>⋮<br>'''2019'''
|2649<br>2650<br>⋮<br>2653<br>⋮<br>2679
|Heisei
|[[Type 89 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 89''']]<br>[[Type 90 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 90''']]<br>⋮<br>[[Type 93 (Disambiguation)|'''Type 93''']]<br>⋮<br>'''Type 19'''
|
|-
|'''2019'''<br>⋮<br>'''Present'''
|2679<br>⋮<br>Present
|Reiwa
|'''Type 19'''<br>⋮<br>'''Present'''
|
|}

== (JP) Vehicle ==
=== (JP) Air ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="5" |(JP) Variants (small-scale modifications)
|-
! rowspan="2" | !! rowspan="2" | Heavenly<br>Stems !! colspan="2" | Japanese !! rowspan="2" | Latin<br>equivalent
|-
! Kanji !! Romaji
|-
| 1 || 甲 || コウ || Kō || a
|-
| 2 || 乙 || オツ || Otsu || b
|-
| 3 || 丙 || ヘイ || Hei || c
|-
| 4 || 丁 || テイ || Tei || d
|-
! colspan="5" | Not used in practice
|-
| 5 || 戊 || ボ || Bo || e
|-
| 6 || 己 || キ || Ki || f
|-
| 7 || 庚 || コウ || Kō || g
|-
| 8 || 辛 || シン || Shin || h
|-
| 9 || 壬 || ジン || Jin || i
|-
| 10 || 癸 || キ || Ki || j
|-
! colspan="5" |Other
|-
| colspan="2" |Improved
| 改<br>(改善)
| Kai<br>(Kaizen)
|
|}

==== (IJA) Army ====

* '''Ki – Kitai:''' Airframe
** [[Ki-10-I]] – Army Type 95 Model 1 Fighter
** [[Ki-43-II]] – Army Type 1 Model 2 Fighter

Notes:

* Kitai numbering is purely for Airframe/Prototype indexing. Official designation of planes went through [[#Calender_and_Type_Numbers|Type]] designation + role.
* Japanese names for Army planes are popular nicknames for pilots and civilians alike, as they were popularized with Japanese documentaries and propaganda. Unlike Navy planes, these are not part of the official plane designation.
** Other Japanese nicknames for planes are:

===== (IJA) Nicknames =====

* '''[[Ki-43 (Family)|Ki-43]]''' – ''Hayabusa'' (隼, Peregrine falcon)
* '''[[Ki-44 (Family)|Ki-44]]''' – ''Shoki'' (鍾馗, Demon)
* '''[[Ki-45 (Family)|Ki-45]]''' – ''Toryū'' (屠龍, Dragonslayer)
* '''[[Ki-49 (Family)|Ki-49]]''' – ''Donryū'' (呑龍, Storm Dragon)
* '''[[Ki-61 (Family)|Ki-61]]''' – ''Hien'' (飛燕, Flying Swallow)
* '''[[Ki-67 (Family)|Ki-67]]''' – ''Hiryū'' (飛龍, Flying Dragon)
* '''[[Ki-84 (Family)|Ki-84]]''' – ''Hayate'' (疾風, Gale)
* '''[[Ki-200]]''' – ''Shusui'' (秋水, Sharp Sword)

==== (IJN) Navy ====
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Japanese|'''Back to the Japanese table''']]</div>
In the late 1920s, The navy adopted a short designation naming scheme to indicate the role and manufacturer of the plane.

===== (IJN) First letters (role) =====
{| class="wikitable"
!Letter
!Japanese
!Role
!Example
|-
|A
|{{Annotation|艦上戦闘機|Kanjō Sentō-ki}}
|Carrier-based fighter plane
|[[A6M (Family)|A6M]]
|-
|B
|{{Annotation|艦上攻撃機|Kanjō Kōgeki-ki}}
|Carrier-based attack bomber
|[[B5N2|B5N]]
|-
|C
|{{Annotation|艦上偵察機|Kanjō Teisatsu-ki}}
|Carrier-based reconnaissance plane
|C6N<sup><small>*</small></sup>
|-
|D
|{{Annotation|艦上爆撃機|Kanjō Bakugeki-ki}}
|Carrier-based dive bomber
|[[D4Y (Family)|D4Y]]
|-
|E
|{{Annotation|水上偵察機|Minakami Teisatsu-ki}}
|Ship-based reconnaissance hydroplane
|[[Aichi E13A1|E13A]]
|-
|F
|{{Annotation|水上観測機|Minakami Kansoku-ki}}
|Ship-based observation hydroplane
|[[F1M2|F1M]]
|-
|G
|{{Annotation|陸上攻撃機|Rikujō Kōgeki-ki}}
|Land-based attack bomber
|[[G4M1|G4M]]
|-
|H
|{{Annotation|飛行艇|Hikō-tei}}
|Flying boat
|[[H6K4|H6K]]
|-
|J
|{{Annotation|陸上戦闘機|Rikujō Sentō-ki}}
|Land-based fighter plane
|[[J2M (Family)|J2M]]
|-
|K
|{{Annotation|練習機|Renshū-ki}}
|Trainer
|K10W<sup><small>*</small></sup>
|-
|L
|{{Annotation|輸送機|Yusō-ki}}
|Transport
|L2D<sup><small>*</small></sup>
|-
|M
|{{Annotation|特殊機|Tokushu-ki}}
|Special purpose
|M6A<sup><small>*</small></sup>
|-
|N
|{{Annotation|水上戦闘機|Minakami Sentō-ki}}
|Fighter hydroplane
|[[N1K (Family)|N1K]]
|-
|P
|{{Annotation|陸上爆撃機|Rikujō Bakugeki-ki}}
|Land-based bomber
|[[P1Y1 mod. 11|P1Y]]
|-
|Q
|{{Annotation|哨戒機|Shōkai-ki}}
|Patrol plane
|Q1W<sup><small>*</small></sup>
|-
|R
|{{Annotation|陸上偵察機|Rikujō Teisatsu-ki}}
|Land-based reconnaissance plane
|[[R2Y (Family)|R2Y]]
|-
|S
|{{Annotation|夜間戦闘機|Yakan Sentō-ki}}
|Night fighter
|S1A<sup><small>*</small></sup>
|-
|X
|{{Annotation|実験|Jikken}}
|Experiment (Special Purpose)
|[[Fw 190 (Family)|JXFw]] (Fw 190)
|}

Notes:

* All (But X) can be added to an already existing plane as a suffix to indicate a role refit:
** [[A6M (Family)|A6M-N]]
** [[N1K (Family)|N1K-J]]
* X will always be directly after the first designation, replacing the type-number.
* <sup>*</sup> – Planes that aren't in-game

===== (IJN) Second letters (manufacturers/designers) =====
{| class="wikitable"
!Letter
!Japanese Manufacturer
!Foreign Manufacturer
!Foreign Example
|-
|A
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Aichi|Aichi]]
|[[Template:AirManufacturer NAA|North American]]
|KXA (NA-16)
|-
|B
|
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Boeing|Boeing]]
|AXB (P-12 / F4B)
|-
|Bu
|
|Bücker
|KXBu (Bü 131)
|-
|C
|
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Consolidated|Consolidated]]
|HXC (P2Y)
|-
|D
|Showa
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Douglas|Douglas]]
[[Template:AirManufacturer Dewoitine|Dewoitine]]

[[Template:AirManufacturer Northrop|Northrop]]
|LXD (DC-4E)
AXD ([[D.500]])

DXD (Northrop BT)
|-
|F
|
|Fairchild
|LXF (Fairchild 91)
|-
|Fw
|
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Focke-Wulf|Focke-Wulf]]
|[[Fw 190 A-5 (Japan)|JXFw]] ([[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190)]]
|-
|G
|Hitachi
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Grumman|Grumman]]
|AXG (Grumman F)
|-
|H
|Hiro
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Hawker|Hawker]]
|AXH ([[Nimrod Mk I|Nimrod]])
|-
|He
|
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Heinkel|Heinkel]]
|AXHe ([[He 100 D-1|He 100]])
|-
|J
|Nihon
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Junkers|Junkers]]
|LXJ ([[B3C|Ju 86]])
|-
|K
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Kawanishi|Kawanishi]]
|Kinner
|LXK (Kinner Envoy)
|-
|M
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Mitsubishi|Mitsubishi]]
|Airspeed
|LXM (Airspeed Envoy)
|-
|N
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Nakajima|Nakajima]]
|
|
|-
|P
|Nihon
|
|
|-
|S
|Sasebo
|
|
|-
|Si
|Showa
|
|
|-
|V
|
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Kawanishi|Vought]]
|AXV (V-141)
|-
|W
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Kyushu|Wanatabe (Kyushu)]]
|
|
|-
|Y
|[[Template:AirManufacturer Yokosuka|Yokosuka]]
|
|
|-
|Z
|Mizuno
|
|
|}

===== (IJN) Full and Model designation =====
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Japanese|'''Back to the Japanese table''']]</div>
After 1929, aircraft of the Japanese navy were designated by [[#Calender_and_Type_Numbers|Type]] designation same as army planes together with model designation to indicate variant information.

* [[A6M3 mod. 22Ko]] – Type 0 Carrier Fighter Model 22A (Kō)
** Model '''<big>2</big>'''2A (Kō) – 2nd airframe / wing refit
** Model 2'''<big>2</big>''' (Kō) – 2nd engine refit
** Model 22'''<big>A (Kō)</big>''' – 1st small-scale refit (armament) <small>(check [[#(JP) Air|Heavenly stems]])</small>

===== (IJN) Official name designation =====
After July 1943, adopted planes got a name instead of a full type and model designation.

<div class="mw-collapsible">
* Fighters: Weather and meteorological names
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
:* Naval fighters: Wind names (usually ending with ''pū'' or ''fū''「風」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
::* [[A7M (Family)|A7M ''Reppū'' (烈風, Strong Wind)]]
::* [[N1K (Family)|N1K ''Kyōfū'' (強風, Strong Wind)]]
::* [[J6K1|J6K ''Jinpū'' (陣風, Squall)]]
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
:* Interceptors: Lightning names (usually ending in ''den''「電」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
::* [[J2M (Family)|J2M ''Raiden'' (雷電, Lightning Bolt)]]
::* [[J5N1|J5N ''Tenrai'' (天雷, Heavenly Thunder)]]
::* [[J7W1|J7W ''Shinden'' (震電, Magnificent Lightning)]]
::* [[N1K (Family)|N1K ''Shiden'' (紫電, Violet Lightning)]]
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
:* Night fighters: Light names (usually ending in ''ko''「光」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
::* [[J1N1|J1N-S ''Gekkō'' (月光, Moonlight)]] <small>(not in-game variant)</small>
::* [[P1Y1 mod. 11|P1Y-S ''Kyokkō'' (極光, Aurora)]] <small>(not in-game variant)</small>
</div></div>

</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Heavy Bombers: Mountains names (usually ending in ''zan''「山」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[B6N (Family)|B6N ''Tenzan'' (天山, Heavenly Mountain)]]
:* [[G5N1|G5N ''Shinzan'' (深山, Deep Mountain)]]
:* [[G8N1|G8N ''Renzan'' (連山, Mountain Range)]]
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Bombers: Star or constellation names (usually ending in ''sei''「星」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[D4Y (Family)|D4Y ''Suisei'' (彗星, Comet)]]
:* [[B7A2|B7A ''Ryūsei (''流星, Shooting Star)]]
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Land-based Bombers: Galaxy names (usually ending in ''ga''「河」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[P1Y1 mod. 11|P1Y ''Ginga'' (銀河, Galaxy)]]
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Patrol: Sea or ocean names (usually ending in ''kai''「海」or ''yo''「洋」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Ki-67 (Family)|Q2M ''Taiyō'' (大洋, Great Sea)]] <small>(not in-game variant (Ki-67))</small>
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Reconnaissance: Cloud names (usually ending in ''un''「雲」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[R2Y (Family)|R2Y ''Keiun'' (景雲, Cirrus Cloud)]]
</div></div>

* Trainers: Trees, plants and flowers

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Transports: Sky names (usually ending in ''ku''「空」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* H8K-L ''Seikū'' (晴空, ''Clear Sky'') <small>(not in-game variant)</small>
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Miscellaneous: Landscape names
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Ki-200|J8M1 ''Shūsui'' (秋水, {{Annotation|Autumn Water|Litteral Translation}} / {{Annotation|Sharp Sword|Poetic Translation}})]] <small>(not in-game variant)</small>
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Purpose-built kamikaze aircraft: Flower names (usually ending in ''ka''「花」)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Kikka|Kikka (橘花, Orange Blossom'')'']]
</div></div>
==== (SDF) JASDF ====
Basically based on the US military aircraft naming regulations as the Self-Defense Forces have been established on the basis of the US Military.

;Pre-Fix

* '''X''': Experimental (実験・試作)
** Mitsubishi X-2 ''Shinshin'''

;Mission Role

* '''C''': Cargo (輸送機)
* '''E''': Electronic Warfare (電子戦機)
* '''F''': Fighter (戦闘機)
** Mitsubishi [[F-1]]
* '''K''': Tanker (空中給油)
* '''L''': Liaison (連絡機)
* '''M''': Mine Sweeper (掃海)
* '''O''': Observation (観測)
* '''P''': Patrol (哨戒機)
* '''R''': Reconnaissance (偵察機)
* '''S''': Anti-Submarine (対潜機)
* '''T''': Training (練習機)
** Mitsubishi [[T-2]]
* '''U''': Utility (救難、捜索又は多用途)

;Vehicle Type

* '''H''': Helicopter (ヘリコプター)
** Kawasaki OH-1 ''Ninja''
* '''S''': Seaplane (飛行艇)
* '''V''': VTOL (ティルトローター機)
* '''G''': Glider (グライダー)

== (JP) Ground ==
=== (IJA) Army ===
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Japanese|'''Back to the Japanese table''']]</div>
==== (IJA) Vehicle type ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" |Japanese
! colspan="2" |English
|-
!Romaji
!Katakana
!Kanji
!Literal
!Role
|-
|'''Ke'''
|ケ
|軽 (Kei)
|Light
|Light tank
|-
|'''Chi'''
|チ
|中 (Chū)
|Medium
|Medium tank
|-
|'''O'''
|オ
|大 (Ō)
|Large
|Heavy Tank
|-
|'''Ho'''
|ホ
|砲 (Hō)
|Gun
|SPG
|}
Other (Don't follow order system):

*'''Ka:''' Amphibious (tank) '''(IJN)'''
** [[Ka-Mi|Type 2 Ka-Mi]] (Was named after the designer, Kamishi)
** [[Ka-Chi|Type 3 Ka-Chi]]
** Type 4 Ka-Tsu

* Other:
** [[Ta-Se|Type 98 Ta-Se]] ({{Annotation|'''Ta'''ikū|Anti-air}} {{Annotation|'''Se'''nsha|Tank}})
** [[So-Ki|Type 98 So-Ki]] 
** [[Na-To|Type 5 Na-To]]

==== (IJA) Order system ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Order
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
|-
|Katakana
|イ
|ロ
|ハ
|ニ
|ホ
|ヘ
|ト
|チ
|リ
|ヌ
|ル
|オ
|-
|Romaji
|'''I'''
|'''Ro'''
|'''Ha'''
|'''Ni'''
|'''Ho'''
|'''He'''
|'''To'''
|'''Chi'''
|'''Ri'''
|'''Nu'''
|'''Ru'''
|'''O'''
|}

* The chosen order of vehicles was based on the Japanese poem ''[[wikipedia:Iroha|Iroha (いろは)]]'' in Katakana, which contains each character of the Japanese syllabary exactly once. (A total of 47)
* Early Japanese tanks were designated only by order without a role:
** [[I-Go Ko|Type 89 I-Go]] – 1st model of the Imperial Japanese year 2589 (1929)
** [[Ro-Go|Type 95 Ro-Go]] – 2nd model of the Imperial Japanese year 2595 (1935)
** [[Ha-Go|Type 95 Ha-Go]] – 3rd model of the Imperial Japanese year 2595 (1935)

=== (SDF) JGSDF ===
==== (SDF) Prototype designations ====
2 years after the start of the JSDF (1956) until the 1980s; the JGSDF used 2 letter code prototype codes starting at SS and going further alphabetically:

* '''SS''' – <small>Experimental Tracked Armored Vehicle</small> developed into: [[Type 60 SPRG (C)|Type 60 SPRG]]
* '''ST(A)''' – <small>Experimental Medium {{Annotation|Special Vehicle|Coverword for Tank}}</small> developed into: [[Type 61 (Family)|Type 61 MBT]]
** '''STB ''' developed into: [[Type 74 (Family)|Type 74 MBT]]
* '''SU''' – <small>Experimental Armored Transport</small> developed into: [[Type 60 ATM|Type 60 APC]]
** '''[[SUB-I-II|SUB]]''' developed into: Type 73 APC
* '''SV''' – <small>Experimental Self-Propelled Mortar</small> developed into: Type 60 SPM (81 mm)
* '''SW''' – <small>Experimental Mine-Disposal Vehicle</small>
* '''SX''' – <small>Experimental Self-Propelled Howitzer</small> developed into: Type 60 SPM (107 mm)
* '''SY''' – <small>Experimental Self-Propelled Gun</small> developed into: Type 56 SPH (105 mm)
* '''SZ''' – <small>Experimental Special Transport Vehicle</small>

== (JP) Naval ==
=== (IJN) Naming convention ===
Ships ''usually'' maintain their original name as laid down if a ship-type reclassification / remodel happened.

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Carriers — names related to flying animals, actual or mythological
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* {{Annotation|Shōkaku|AI Vessel}} (翔鶴, Soaring Crane)
</div></div>
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Battleship''' — provinces, or alternate names of Japan
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[IJN Settsu|Settsu]] (摂津, Settsu Province)
:* [[IJN Ise|Ise]] (伊勢, Ise Province)
:* [[IJN Hyuga|Hyūga]] (日向, Hyūga Province)
:* [[IJN Fuso|Fusō]] (扶桑, Fusang (Classical name for Japan))
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Battlecruisers and heavy cruisers''' — mountains
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[IJN Ikoma|Ikoma]] (生駒, Mount Ikoma)
:* [[IJN Kongo|Kongō]] (金剛, Mount Kongō)
:* [[IJN Haruna|Haruna]] (榛名, Mount Haruna)
:* [[IJN Furutaka|Furutaka]] (古鷹, Mount Furutaka)
:* [[IJN Aoba|Aoba]] (青葉, Mount Aoba)
:* [[IJN Myoko|Myōkō]] (妙高, Mount Myōkō)
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Light cruisers''' — river names
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[IJN Kuma|Kuma]] (球磨, River Kuma)
:* [[IJN Isuzu|Isuzu]] (五十鈴, River Isuzu)
:* [[IJN Sendai|Sendai]] (川内, River Sendai)
:* [[IJN Yubari|Yūbari]] (夕張, River Yūbari)
:* [[IJN Agano|Agano]] (阿賀野, River Agano)

* Converted to '''Heavy Cruisers''':

:* [[IJN Kako|Kako]] (加古, River Kako)
:* [[IJN Mogami|Mogami]] (最上, River Mogami)
:* [[IJN Mikuma|Mikuma]] (三隈, River Mikuma)
:* [[IJN Suzuya|Suzuya]] (鈴谷, River Suzuya)
:* [[IJN Tone|Tone]] (利根, River Tone)
</div></div>

* Training cruisers — Shinto shrines

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Destroyers''' — weather, wind, tide, current, wave, moon, season, other natural phenomenon, plants
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Mutsuki]] (睦月, January)
:* [[Satsuki]] (皐月, May)
:* [[Ayanami]] (綾波, Twilled Waves)
:* [[Hatsuharu]] (初春, Early Spring)
:* [[Nenohi]] (子日, New Year Day)
:* [[Yudachi|Yūdachi]] (夕立, Evening Squall)
:* [[Yugumo|Yūgumo]] (夕雲, Evening Clouds)
:* [[Hayanami]] (早波, Early Waves)
:* [[Kiyoshimo]] (清霜, Clear Frost)
:* [[Shimakaze]] (島風, Island Wind)
:* [[Akizuki]] (秋月, Autumn Moon)
:* [[Hatsuzuki]] (初月, New Moon)
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Torpedo boats''': birds
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Chidori]] (千鳥, Plover)
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* Submarines — number sequence starting off the Iroha
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* {{Annotation|1st-Class|+ 1,000 t Displacement}}: I-1 — ...
:* {{Annotation|2nd-Class|500 - 1,000 t Displacement}}: Ro-1 — ...
:* {{Annotation|3rd-Class|- 500 t Displacement}}: Ha-1 — ...
</div></div>

* Gunboats: places of scenic beauty and historic interest

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Coast defence ship/Escort ships''': islands
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Syonan|Shōnan]] (昭南, Singapore Island)
</div></div>

* Submarine tenders — whales
* Seaplane tenders — abstract noun, idiomatic word, notable achievement vessels in past war(s)

=== (JMSDF) Naming convention ===
(Note: Unlike the IJN, ship names are in Hiragana instead of Kanji)

* Helicopter destroyers and Helicopter carriers (DDH) — traditional provinces and mountains
* Guided missile destroyers (DDG) — mountains and weather terms

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Small destroyers''' (DD) — weather terms
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[JDS Harukaze (DD-101)]] (はるかぜ, Spring Wind)
:* [[JDS Ayanami (DD-103)]] (あやなみ, Twilled Waves)
:* [[JDS Yūgure (DD-184)]] (ゆうぐれ, Twilight)
</div></div>

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
* '''Frigates''' (DE) — rivers (early on weather terms)
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
:* [[Akebono|JDS Akebono (DE-201)]] (あけぼの, Daybreak)
:* [[Ikazuchi|JDS Ikazuchi (DE-202)]] (いかづち, Thunder)
:* [[Isuzu|JDS Isuzu (DE-211)]] (いすず, Isuzu River)
:* [[Chikugo|JDS Chikugo (DE-215)]] (ちくご, Chikugo River)
</div></div>

* Submarines (SS) — ocean currents and legendary auspicious animals
* Replenishment oilers (AOE) — lakes
* Amphibious transport docks and Troopships (LST) — peninsulas

== (JP) Weaponry and munition ==
{{main|Japan Bombs General Information}}

Like most Japanese military equipment, weapons and munitions are usually just designated with by '''Type-designation''' + '''Role'''.

== (IJN) Manufacturer/Designer ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Japanese|'''Back to the Japanese table''']]</div>
Initially imported or licence built weapons were designated by manufacturer, but would later be simplified under the standardized Japanese Navy convention:

* '''ホ – HO :''' Hotchkiss (FR)
** 13.2 mm/99 "HO" Type, <small>based on the [[Hotchkiss Mle 1930 (13.2 mm)|Hotchkiss Mle 1930]]</small> (Otherwise designated as '''[[Type 93 (13.2 mm)|Type 93 13.2 mm HMG]]''')
* '''ヒ/ビ – HI / BI:''' Vickers (UK)
** 7.7 mm/94 (0.303") "HI" Type
** 12 mm/62 (0.50") "HI" Type, <small>based on the MG Mark III</small>
** [[40 mm/62 "HI" Type 91 AA (40 mm)|40 mm/62 (1.575") "HI" Type]], <small>based on the QF 2pdr Mk VIII</small> (Otherwise designated as '''[[40 mm/62 "HI" Type 91 AA (40 mm)|Type 91 40 mm AA]]''')
* '''ル – RU:''' Lewis (UK)
** 7.7 mm/87 (0.303") "RU" Type, <small>based on the .303 Lewis MG</small> (Otherwise designated as '''[[Type 92 (7.7 mm)|Type 92 7.7 mm LMG]]''')
* '''カ – KA:''' Canet (FR)
** 12.6"/38 (32 cm) "KA" Type, <small>based on the Canet 34 cm Model 1880</small> (Otherwise designated as '''32 cm Type 41''')
* '''アン – AN:''' Armstrong (UK)
** [[12-inch/45 Vickers (305 mm)|12"/45 (30.5 cm) "AN" Type]] <small>Joint Armstrong/Vickers design</small> (Otherwise designated as '''[[12-inch/45 Vickers (305 mm)|Type 41 30 cm cannon]]''')
** [[12-inch/50 Vickers (305 mm)|12"/50 (30.5 cm) "AN" Type]] <small>Joint Armstrong/Vickers design</small> (Otherwise designated as '''[[12-inch/45 Vickers (305 mm)|Type 41 30 cm cannon]]''')
* '''コク – Koku:''' Krupp (DE)

= Polish =
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]</div>
== (PL) Vehicle ==
=== (PL) Ground ===

* '''TK – Tankietka:''' Tankette
* '''TP – X-Tonowy, Polski:''' X-Tons Polish
** 7TP
* '''wz. – wzór''' pattern

=== (PL) Naval ===

* '''ORP – Okręt Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej:''' Warship of the Republic of Poland (honorific styling)
** [[ORP Garland]]

= Romanian =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
!Romanian abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Romanian">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|Romanian is spoken as a military language in the following countries:

*'''(RO)''' Romania

|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''Vehicle'''
*[[#(RO) Vehicle|(RO) Vehicle]]
**[[#(RO) Ground|(RO) Ground]]
**[[#(RO) Air|(RO) Air]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

*[[#(RO) Manufacturer/Designer|(RO) Manufacturer/Designer]]
|}
== (RO) Vehicle ==
=== (RO) Ground ===

* '''TACAM – Tun Anticar pe Afet Mobil:''' Anti-tank gun on mobile gun carriage
** TACAM R-2
** TACAM T-60

=== (RO) Air ===

* '''JIS – Jumo Italian Savoia-Marchetti''' Italian manufactured S.M.79's with Jumo engines
** JIS-79B
* '''JRS – Jumo Romanian Savoia-Marchetti''' Romanian manufactured S.M.79's with Jumo engines
** JRS-79B

== (RO) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''IAR – Industria Aeronautică Română:''' Romanian Aeronautic Industry
** [[IAR-81C]]
* '''SET – Societatea Pentru Exploatări Technice:''' Technical Development Society
* '''S – Savoia-Marchetti'''
** [[S.M.79 B|S-79B]] Romanian Designation Of S.M.79 B

= Russian =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! Russian abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Russian">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(RU) Vehicle|(RU) Vehicle]]
** [[#(RU) Ground|(RU) Ground]]
** [[#(RU) Air|(RU) Air]]
** [[#(RU) Naval|(RU) Naval]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(RU) Weaponry|(RU) Weaponry]]

'''Munition'''

* [[#(RU) Munition|(RU) Munition]]

'''Prefix/Suffix'''

* [[#(RU) Prefix/Suffix|(RU) Prefix/Suffix]]

'''Historical Name'''

* [[#(RU) Historical Name|(RU) Historical Name]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

* [[#(RU) Manufacturer/Designer|(RU) Manufacturer/Designer]]

'''Military'''

* [[#(RU) Military|(RU) Military]]
|}

== (RU) Vehicle ==
=== (RU) Ground ===

{| class="wikitable"
!Abbreviation
!Russian
!Translated
!Role
!Example
|-
|T
|{{Annotation|Танк|Tank}}
|Tank
|
|[[T-34 (Family)|T-34]]
|-
|SU
| rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Самоходная установка|Samokhodnaya Ustanovka}}
|Self-propelled mount
|SPG
|[[SU-122]]
|-
|ISU
|Self-propelled mount based on IS-series tanks
|SPG
|[[ISU-152]]
|-
|ASU
|{{Annotation|Авиадесантная самоходная установка|Aviadesantnaya Samokhodnaya Ustanovka}}
|Airborne self-propelled mount
|Airborne SPG
|[[ASU-57]]
|-
|ZSU
|{{Annotation|Зенитная самоходная установка|Zenitnaya Samokhodnaya Ustanovka}}
|{{Annotation|Zenithal|Anti-aircraft}} self-propelled installation
|SPAA
|[[ZSU-37]]
|-
|ZPRK
|{{Annotation|Зенитный пушечно-ракетный комплекс|Zenitny Raketno-Pushechny Kompleks}}
|{{Annotation|Zenithal|Anti-aircraft}} missile-gun system
|SAM
|[[ZPRK 2S6]]
|-
|BT
|{{Annotation|Быстроходный танк|Bystrokhodny Tank}}
|Fast-moving tank
|LT
|[[BT-7 (Family)|BT-7]]
|-
|RBT
|{{Annotation|Ракетный быстроходный танк|Raketny Bystrokhodny Tank}}
|Rocket fast-moving tank
|LT
|[[RBT-5]]
|-
|BA
|{{Annotation|Бронеавтомобиль|Bronev Avtomobil}}
|Armoured car
|AC
|[[BA-11]]
|-
|BTR
|{{Annotation|Бронетранспортёр|Bronev Transporter}}
|Armoured transporter
|APC
|[[BTR-152A]]
|-
|BM
|{{Annotation|Боевая Машина|Boyevaya Mashina}}
|Combat machine
|MLRS
|[[BM-13N]]
|-
|BMP
|{{Annotation|Боевая Машина Пехоты|Boyevaya Mashina Pekhoty}}
|Infantry combat machine
|IFV
|[[BMP-1 (Family)|BMP-1]]
|-
|BMD
|{{Annotation|Боевая Машина Десанта|Boyevaya Mashina Desanta}}
|Airborne combat machine
|Airborne IFV
|[[BMD-4]]
|-
|PT
|{{Annotation|Плавающий танк|Plavayushchy Tank}}
|Floating tank
|Amphibious LT
|[[PT-76B]]
|-
|IT
|{{Annotation|Истребитель танков|Istrebitel Tankov}}
|(Missile) Tank fighter
|TD
|[[IT-1]]
|}
====(RU) Object List====
Object (Объект) indexing was used in the Soviet and Russian tank industry for the ministry of defence to index tank designs, starting from prototype/design stage to production variants. They're not used chronologically and were until 1959 not mandatory for companies to be used, after which the ministry would index all new tank designs to even through the Russian Federation.

* 1 — 99 - Gorky Automobile Factory (GAZ)
* 100 — 199 - Ural Railway Car Building Factory (Uralvagonzavod plant №183)
* 201 — 299 - Leningrad Kirov Plant (LKZ)
* 300 — 349 - Ural Plant of Transport Engineering (UZTM)
* 400 — 499 - Malyshev Factory (HZTM)
* 500 - Omsktransmash (plant №174)
* 501 — 549 - Rubtsovsk Engineering Works
* 550 — 599 - Mytishchi Machine Building Factory (MMZ)
* 600 — 699 - Kurgan Engineering Factory (KMZ)
* 700 — 799 - Chelyabinsk Kirov (Tractor) Plant (ChKZ, ChTZ)
* 800 — 849 - Various
* 850 — 899 - Moscow Automobile Factory (ZIS, ZIL)
* 900 — 999 - Stalingrad (Volgograd) Tractor Factory (STZ, VgTZ)
* 1000 — 1050 - Kutaisi Automotive Factory (KAZ)


====(RU) GRAU====

=====(RU) 1960 (Current)=====
{{Notice|Only vehicle relevant equipment will be noted down - the index if far larger than this example list.}}

Divisions:

# Radio and electronics equipment
# Artillery systems
# Artillery ammunition, rockets
# Artillery propelling charges
# Air defence equipment
# Infantry armament
# Infantry ammunition
# Rocket technology
# Rocket armament
# Equipment
# Rocket and space technology
# Rocket and space equipment
# Space Facilities
# Rocket and space technology
# Rocket technology
# Strategic Missile Forces equipment
# Rocket and space equipment
# Rocket and space technology

{| class="wikitable"
!Div.
!Letter
!Role
!Equipment
!Name (Note)
!(Equipped on)
|-
| rowspan="5" |1
|A
|Automated Fire Control Devices
|1A7
|PLK-2 Tobol
|[[ZSU-23-4]]
|-
|B
|Meteorological, Sonometric, and Seismic Reconnaissance Equipment
|1B12
|(Thermometer)
|[[T-64A (1971)|T-64A]]
|-
|RL
|Radar & Radio Equipment
|1RL34
|
|[[ZSU-37-2]]
|-
|P
|Weapon Sights
|1P67-1
|(TV-sight)
|[[T-80BVM]]
|-
|PZ
|<abbr>Anti-Aircraft Optics</abbr>
|1PZ3
|
|[[BMP-2]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |2
|A
|Artillery
|[[2A70 (100 mm)|2A70]]
|
|[[BMP-3]]
|-
|K
|Battle group archetype
|2K22
|Tunguska
|Group centered around [[2S6]]
|-
|S
|Self-propelled gun system
|[[2S25]]
|Sprut-SD
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |3
|BK
|HEATFS projectiles
|3BK12M
|
|[[2A46M (125 mm)|2A46M]]
|-
|BM
|<abbr>APDS</abbr> Projectiles
|3BM60
|Svinets-2
|[[2A46M-5 (125 mm)|2A46M-5]]
|-
|V
|Fuses
|3V21
|
|3OF26
|-
|OF
|<abbr>HE</abbr> Projectiles
|3OF26
|
|[[2A46M-1 (125 mm)|2A46M-1]]
|-
|D
|Smoke Projectiles
|3D3
|
|[[D-10T2S (100 mm)|D-10T2S]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |6
|P
|Firearms
|[[6P50 (12.7 mm)|6P49]]
|Kord-T
|[[T-90A]]
|-
|G
|Grenade launchers
|[[AG-30 (30 mm)|6G26]]
|([[AG-30 (30 mm)|AG-30]])
|[[BMP-2M]]
|-
|7
|P
|Grenade launcher ammunition
|7P36
|Naib (VOG-30)
|[[AG-30 (30 mm)|6G30 (AG-30)]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |9
|K
|(Missile) Systems
|[[Khrizantema-S|9K123]]
|Khrizantema-S
|[[Khrizantema-S|9P157-2]]
|-
|M
|Missiles
|[[9M113 Konkurs|9M113]]
|Gaboy
|[[BMP-1 (Family)|BMP-1]]
|-
|P
|Launchers
|[[Shturm-S|9P149]]
|
|
|}

=== (RU) Air ===
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Russian|'''Back to the Russian table''']]</div>

Prior to 1941, the USSR used a letter code system to identify aircraft by their role and function. This was phased out quickly in favor of [[Abbreviations#(RU) Manufacturer/Designer|manufacturer codes]], although numerous aircraft retained their letter codes.
<br>
The list below is by no means comprehensive. The naming system was done more on a "case-by-case" basis and was less methodical than this list may imply, and also had numerous exceptions or one-off design classifications.
<br><br>
'''Base Models'''

* '''A – Avtozhir''' (Autogyro)
** A-4
* '''ARK – Arktichyeskii''' (Arctic Exploration Aircraft)
** ARK-3
* '''B - Bombardirovshchik''' (Bomber)
** No aircraft were assigned the index "B" only
* '''I – Istrebitel''' (Fighter)
** [[I-16 (Family)|I-16]]
* '''G – Gruzovoi''' (Cargo)
** [[TB-3M-17-32|G-3]]
* '''R – Razvedchik''' (Reconnaissance)
** R-5
* '''S – Samolyot''' (Aircraft)
** No aircraft were assigned the "S" index only
* '''Sh – Shturmovik''' (Ground attacker)
** No aircraft were assigned the index "Sh" only
* '''T – Torpedonosets''' (Torpedo (bomber))
** T-1
* '''U – Uchebny''' (Trainer)
** [[Po-2|U-2]]
* '''VIT – Vozdushnyi Istrebitel Tankov''' (Flying Tank Destroyer)
** VIT-2

<br>
'''Prefix Modifiers'''

* '''B – Blizhniy''' (Short-range)
** [[BB-1]] (Short-range bomber)
** [[BI]] (Short-range fighter)
* '''B – Bronirovannyi''' (Armoured)
** [[IL-2 (Family)|BSh-2]] (Armoured ground attacker)
* '''D – Dvukhmestnyi''' (Two-seat)
** [[SB (Family)|DI-8]] (Two-seat fighter)
* '''D – Dalniy''' (Long-range)
** [[DB-3B|DB-3]] (Long-range bomber)
* '''F – Frontovoy''' (Frontline)
** [[Tu-2 (Family)|FB]] (Frontline bomber)
* '''G – Gydro''' (Hydro)
** [[PBY-5A Catalina (USSR)|GST]] (Hydroplane transport)
* '''K – Korablennyi''' (Shipborne)
** KR-1 (Shipborne reconnaissance)
* '''K – Kreiser''' (Cruiser)
** KR-6 (Cruiser reconnaissance)
* '''KO – Korablennyi''' (Shipborne)
** [[KOR-1]] (Shipborne reconnaissance)
* '''L – Lyogki''' (Light)
** LBSh (Light armoured ground attacker)
* '''M – Morskoi''' (Marine/seaplane)
** [[MBR-2-M-34|MBR-2]] (Marine short-range reconnaissance)
** MDR-2 (Marine long-range reconnaissance)
* '''P – Pikiruyuschii''' (Dive)
** [[Tu-2 (Family)|PB]] (Dive bomber)
* '''P – Passazhirskii''' (Passenger)
** [[SB (Family)|PS-41]] (Passenger aircraft)
* '''S – Skorostnoi''' (Fast)
** [[SB (Family)|SB]] (Fast bomber)
** [[I-16 (Family)|SPB]] (Fast dive bomber)
* '''Sh – Shturmovoi''' (Ground attack)
** [[Su-2 (Family)|ShB]] (Ground attack bomber)
* '''T – Tiazholyi''' (Heavy)
** [[TB-3M-17-32|TB-3]] (Heavy bomber)
** [[TIS MA|TIS]] (Heavy fighter-escorter)

<br>
'''Suffix Modifiers'''

* '''OM – Otkrytogo Morya''' (Open sea)
** ROM-1
* '''P – Pushechny''' (Cannon)
** [[ITP (M-1)|ITP]] (Fighter heavy cannon)
* '''PL – dlya Podvodnikh Lodok''' (for Submarines)
** SPL (Aircraft for submarines)
* '''S – Soprovozhdenya''' (Escorter)
** [[TIS MA|TIS]] (Heavy fighter escorter)
** DIS (Twin-seat fighter escorter)
* '''S – Skladnoi''' (Folding)
** IS-1
* '''T – Transportnyj''' (Transporter)
** [[PBY-5A Catalina (USSR)|GST]] (Hydroplane transporter)
* '''T – Trenirivochnyi''' (Advanced (trainer))
** UT-3 (Advanced trainer)
** [[Yak-1|UTI-26]] (Advanced trainer fighter)

=== (RU) Naval ===

* '''MO – Malyi Okhotnik:''' Small submarine chaser (literally: Small hunter)
** [[MO-4]]
* '''BMO – Bronirovanny Malyi Okhotnik: ''' Armoured small submarine chaser (literally: Armed small hunter)
** [[BMO]]
* '''MPK – Malyi Protivolodochnoi Korabl:''' Small anti-submarine ship
** [[MPK pr.122A]]
* '''MBK – Morskoi Bronekater:''' Armoured gunboat (literally: Naval combat cutter)
** [[MBK pr.186]]
* '''SKR – Storozhevoi Korabl:''' Observation ship
** [[Groza|SKR Groza, Uragan type (1943)]]

== (RU) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Russian|'''Back to the Russian table''']]</div>

* '''UB – Universalniy Berezina:''' Berezin universal (MG)
** [[Berezin UB (12.7 mm)]]
* '''DP – Degtyarov Pulemyot:''' Degtyarov MG
* '''DT – Degtyarov Tankovy:''' Degtyarov tank (MG)
** [[DT (7.62 mm)]]
* '''DA – Degtyarov Aviatsonny:''' Degtyarov airplane (MG)
** [[DA (7.62 mm)]]
* '''PV – Pulemet Vozdushny:''' Airborne MG
** [[PV-1 (7.62 mm)]]
* '''ShKAS – Shpitalny-Komaritski Aviatsionny Skorostrelny:''' Shpitalny-Komaritsky airplane rapid-fire (MG)
** [[ShKAS (7.62 mm)]]
* '''DShK – Degtyaryova-Shpagina Krupnokaliberny:''' Degtyarov-Shpagin large-calibre (MG)
** [[DShK (12.7 mm)]]
* '''A – Afanasev''' (MG)
** [[A-12.7 (12.7 mm)]]
* '''B – Berezin''' (autocannon)
** [[B-20 (20 mm) (Family)|B-20 (20 mm)]]
* '''Yak-B – Yakushev-Borzov''' (MG)
** [[YaK-B (12.7 mm)]]
* '''ShVAK – Shpitalny-Vladimirov Aviatsionny Krupnokaliberny:''' Shpitalny-Vladimirov airplane large-calibre (autocannon)
** [[ShVAK (20 mm)]]
* '''TNSh – Tankovy Nudelman-Shpitalny:''' Nudelman-Shpitalny tank (autocannon)
** [[TNSh (20 mm)]]
* '''PTB – Pushka Taubin-Baburin:''' Taubin-Baburin cannon
** [[PTB-23 (23 mm)]]
* '''VYa – Volkov-Yartsev''' (autocannon)
** [[VYa-23 (23 mm)]]
* '''NS – Nudelman-Suranov''' (autocannon)
** [[NS-23 (23 mm)]]
* '''NR – Nudelman-Rikhter''' (autocannon)
** [[NR-30 (30 mm)]]
* '''GSh – Gryazev-Shipunov''' (autocannon)
** [[GSh-23-2 (23 mm)]]
* '''N-37D – Nudelman 37 mm Dulny tormoz:''' Nudelman 37 mm (autocannon with) muzzle brake
** [[N-37D (37 mm)]]
* '''KPVT – Krupnokaliberniy Pulemyot Vladimirova Tankovy:''' Vladimirov large-calibre tank MG
** [[KPVT (14.5 mm)]]
* '''ZPU – Zenitnaya Pulemotnaya Ustanovka:''' Anti-aircraft MG mount
* '''NSVT – Nikitina-Sokolova-Volkova Tankovy:''' Nikitin-Sokolov-Volkov tank (MG)
** [[NSVT (12.7 mm)]]
* '''PKT – Pulemyot Kalashnikova Tankovy:''' Kalashnikov tank MG
** [[PKT (7.62 mm)]]
* '''SGMT – Stankovy Goryunova Modernizirovany Tankovy:''' Goryunov modernized mounted tank (MG)
** [[SGMT (7.62 mm)]]
* '''20-K – Gun No. 20 of the Korolyov factory'''
** [[20-K (45 mm)]]
* '''L-11 – Gun No. 11 of the Leningrad factory'''
** [[L-11 (76 mm)]]

== (RU) Munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Russian|'''Back to the Russian table''']]</div>

* '''BR – Broneboyny:''' Armour-piercing (shell)
* '''BZ – Broneboyny Zazhigatelny:''' Armour-piercing incendiary (shell)
* '''BZT – Broneboyny Zazhigatelny Trassiruyushchy:''' Armour-piercing incendiary tracer (shell)
* '''PB – Polu Broneboyny:''' Semi armour-piercing (shell)
* '''O – Oskolochny:''' Fragmentation (shell)
* '''OZ – Oskolochno Zazhigatelny:''' Fragmentation incendiary (shell)
* '''OZT – Oskolochno Zazhigatelny Trassiruyushchy:''' Fragmentation incendiary tracer (shell)
* '''OF – Oskolochno Fugasny:''' High-explosive fragmentation (shell)
* '''Sh – Shrapnel''' (shell)
* '''FAB – Fugasnaya Aviatsionnaya Bomba:''' High-explosive aircraft bomb
* '''OFAB – Oskolochno Fugasnaya Aviatsionnaya Bomba:''' High-explosive fragmentation aircraft bomb
* '''RS – Reaktivny Snaryad:''' Rocket (literally: Rocket-powered projectile)
* '''RBS – Reaktivny Broneboyny Snaryad:''' Armour-piercing rocket (literally: Rocket-powered armour-piercing projectile)

== (RU) Prefix/Suffix ==

* '''Oby. – Obyekt:''' Object (tank prototype)
* '''Pr. – Proyekt:''' Project (ship design program)
** [[Pr.1124 early]]
* '''E – Ekranami:''' Up-armoured (literally: With screens)
** [[KV-1E]]
* '''M – Modernizirovany:''' Modernized
** [[IS-4M]]
* '''S – Skorokhodnuyu:''' Lightened (literally: Fast)
** [[KV-1S]]
* '''SP – Soprovzhdeniya Pekhoty:''' Infantry support
** [[T-126|T-126(SP)]]
* '''U – Uluchshenny:''' Improved
** [[Soobrazitelny|Pr. 7U]]
* '''V – Vzryvnoy:''' Explosive (Reactive Armour)
** [[T-64B|T-64BV]]
* '''T – Torpedonosets:''' Torpedo bomber

== (RU) Historical Name ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Russian|'''Back to the Russian table''']]</div>

* '''IS – Iosef Stalin''' (tank)
** [[IS-1]]
* '''KV – Kliment Voroshilov''' (tank)
** [[KV-2 (1939)]]
* '''SMK – Sergey Mironovich Kirov''' (tank)
** [[SMK]]

== (RU) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''ACh – Aleksei Charomsky'''
** [[Yer-2 (ACh-30B) (e)]]: Yermolayev Yer-2 with 2 Charomsky ACh-30B diesel engines
* '''AM – Aleksandr Mikulin'''
** [[Su-6 (AM-42)]]: Su-6 with Mikulin AM-42 V-12 engine
* '''ANT – Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev'''
* '''Ar – Arkhangelsky'''
** Arkhangelsky [[Ar-2]]
* '''BI – Bereznyak-Isayev'''
** Bereznyak-Isayev [[BI]]
* '''GAZ – Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod:''' Gorky Automobile Factory
** [[GAZ-AAA (4M)]]
* '''Il – Ilyushin'''
** Ilyushin [[IL-2M (1943)]]
* '''KS – Krasnoye Sormovo'''
* '''La – Lavochkin'''
** Lavochkin [[La-5]]
* '''LaGG – Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov'''
** Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov [[LaGG-3-66]]
* '''M – Myasishchev'''
* '''MAI – Moskovsky Avyatsyonny Instytut''' Moscow Aviation Institute
** [[Tandem MAI]]
* '''Mi – Mil'''
** Mil [[Mi-24A]]
* '''MiG – Mikoyan-Gurevich'''
** Mikoyan-Gurevich [[MiG-15]]
* '''OKB – Opytno-Konstruktorskoye Buro:''' Experimental Design Bureau
* '''Pe – Petlyakov'''
** Petlyakov [[Pe-2-1]]
* '''Po – Polikarpov'''
** Polikarpov [[Po-2]]
* '''STZ – Stalingradsky Traktoriy Zavod:''' Stalingrad Tractor Factory
** [[T-34E STZ]]
* '''Su – Sukhoi'''
** Sukhoi [[Su-2 MV-5]]
* '''Tu – Tupolev'''
** Tupolev [[Tu-2S-44]]
* '''VK – Vladimir Klimov'''
** [[Yak-3 (VK-107)]]: Yakovlev Yak-3 with Klimov VK-107 V-12 engine
* '''Yak – Yakovlev'''
** Yakovlev [[Yak-1]]
* '''Yer – Yermolayev'''
** Yermolayev [[Yer-2 (M-105)]]
* '''ZiS – Zavod imeni Stalina:''' Factory named after Stalin
** [[ZiS-30]]

== (RU) Military ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Russian|'''Back to the Russian table''']]</div>

* '''VVS – Voyenno-Vozdushnye Sily:''' Soviet air force (literally: Military air force)
* '''VMF – Voyenno-Morskoy Flot:''' Soviet Navy (literally: Military maritime fleet)
* '''SA – Sovetskaya Armiya:''' Soviet army
* '''IAP – Istrebitelny Aviatsionny Polk:''' Fighter air regiment
* '''GvIAP – Gvardeysky Istrebitelny Aviatsionny Polk:''' Guards fighter air regiment
* '''ShAP – Shturmovoy Aviatsionny Polk:''' Ground attack air regiment

= Spanish =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
!Spanish abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Spanish">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|Spanish is spoken as a military language in the following countries:

*'''(AR)''' Argentina
*'''(ES)''' Spain
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |'''Vehicle'''
*[[#(AR) Vehicle|(AR) Vehicle]]
**[[#(AR) Ground|(AR) Ground]]

'''Manufacturer/Designer'''

*[[#(AR) Manufacturer/Designer|(AR) Manufacturer/Designer]]
*[[#(ES) Manufacturer/Designer|(ES) Manufacturer/Designer]]
|}

== (AR) Vehicle ==
=== (AR) Ground ===

* '''TAM – Tanque Argentino Mediano:''' Argentine Medium Tank

== (AR) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''FAdeA – Fábrica Argentina de Aviones:''' Argentine Aircraft Factory
** '''Ae – Dirección General de Aerotécnica:''' Directorate General of Aerotechnics (1927–1936)
** '''FMA – Fábrica Militar de Aviones:''' Military Aircraft Factory (1938–1943)
** '''IAe – Instituto Aerotecnico:''' AeroTechnical Institute (1943–1952)
** '''IA –''' ''meaning not specified'' (1952 to present)
* '''IAME – Industrias Aeronáuticas y Mecánicas del Estado:''' State Aeronautical and Mechanical Industries (1951-1956)
** '''DINFIA – Dirección Nacional de Fabricación e Investigación Aeronáutica:''' National Directorate of Aeronautical Manufacturing and Research (1956-1967)
** '''IME – Industrias Mecánicas del Estado:''' State Mechanical Industries (1967 to present)

== (ES) Manufacturer/Designer ==

* '''AC – Aerotécnica:''' Aerotechnic
* '''AISA – Aeronáutica Industrial SA.:''' Aeronautical Industrial SA.
* '''CASA – Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA.:''' Aeronautical Constructions SA.
** CASA 2.111 (Spanish Licensed He 111)
* '''HA – Hispano Aviación:''' Hispanic Aviation
** HA-1109 (Spanish Licensed Bf 109)
** HA-1112 (Spanish Modified Bf 109)

= Swedish =
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 35%; float:right;"
! Swedish abbreviations (quicklinks)<span id="Swedish">‎</span>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[#Top|'''Back to the language table''']]
|-
|Swedish is spoken as a military language in the following countries:

*'''(FI)''' Finland
*'''(SE)''' Sweden
|-
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
'''Vehicle'''

* [[#(SE) Vehicle|(SE) Vehicle]]
** [[#(SE) Ground|(SE) Ground]]
** [[#(SE) Air|(SE) Air]]

'''Prefix/Suffix'''

* [[#(SE) Prefix/Suffix|(SE) Prefix/Suffix]]
** [[#(SE) Air force|(SE) Air force]]
** [[#(SE) Ground projects|(SE) Ground projects]]

'''Weaponry'''

* [[#(SE) Weaponry|(SE) Weaponry]]

'''Munition'''

* [[#(SE) Munition|(SE) Munition]]
|}

== (SE) Vehicle ==
=== (SE) Ground ===
'''vagn''' ('''wagon''') indicates that the vehicle is "tracked" while '''bil''' (from ''Automo'''bil'''e'', '''car''') indicates that the vehicle is "wheeled".

* '''strv – stridsvagn:''' Tank (literally: Combat wagon)
** [[Strv m/38]]
* '''strf – stridsfordon:''' (Heavy) infantry fighting vehicle (literally: Combat vehicle)
** [[Strf 9040C]]
* '''tgdb – terrängdragbil:''' Off-road tractor unit (literally: Terrain pull-car)
** [[Lvtdgb m/40|Lvtgdb m/40]]
* '''sav – stormartillerivagn:''' Assault gun (pre 1950s designation, literally: Assault artillery wagon)
** [[Sav m/43 (1946)]]
* '''ikv – infanterikanonvagn:''' Assault gun (post 1950s designation, literally: Infantry cannon wagon)
** [[Ikv 103]]
* '''pvkv – pansarvärnskanonvagn:''' Tracked self-propelled anti-tank gun (literally: Anti-armour cannon wagon)
** [[Pvkv m/43 (1946)]]
* '''lvkv – luftvärnskanonvagn:''' Tracked self-propelled anti-air gun (literally: Anti-air cannon wagon)
** [[Lvkv 42]]
* '''pvrbv – pansarvärnsrobotvagn:''' Tracked self-propelled anti-tank missile (literally: Anti-armour robot wagon)
** [[Pvrbv 551]]
* '''lvrbv – luftvärnsrobotvagn:''' Tracked self-propelled anti-air missile (literally: Anti-air robot wagon)
** [[Lvrbv 701]]

=== (SE) Air ===

* '''fpl – flygplan:''' Aeroplane
* '''hkp – helikopter''' Helicopter

== (SE) Prefix/Suffix ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Swedish|'''Back to the Swedish table''']]</div>
=== (SE) Air force ===

* '''A – Attack:''' Strike Aircraft/Attacker
** [[A21A-3]]
* '''B – Bomb:''' Bomber
** [[B3C]]
* '''J – Jakt:''' Pursuit Aircraft/Fighter (Jakt = Pursuit)
** [[J26]]
* '''S – Spaning:''' Reconnaissance Aircraft (Spaning = Scouting)
* '''SK – Skol:''' Trainer Aircraft (Skol = School)
** [[SK60B]]
* '''T – Torped:''' Torpedo Bomber
** [[T18B-1]]
* '''Ö – Övning:''' Advanced Trainer Aircraft (Övning = Practice)

=== (SE) Ground projects ===

* '''VEAK – Vagn Eldledning AutomatKanon:''' Wagon Fire-control AutoCannon (literall)
** [[VEAK 40]]
* '''UDES – Underlagsgrupp Direkt Eld Stridsfordon:''' Material group Direct Fire Combat vehicle (literall)
** [[UDES 33]]

== (SE) Weaponry ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Swedish|'''Back to the Swedish table''']]</div>

* '''ksp – kulspruta:''' Machine gun (literally: Bullet sprayer)
** [[ksp m/22 (8 mm)|8 mm ksp m/22]]
* '''kan – kanon:''' Cannon
** [[Kan m/41 (75 mm)|75 mm kan m/41]]
* '''akan – automatkanon:''' Autocannon
** [[Akan m/55 (30 mm)|30 mm akan m/55]]
* '''pvkan – pansarvärnskanon:''' Anti-tank cannon
** [[Pvkan m/43 (75 mm)|75 mm pvkan m/43]]
* '''lvkan – luftvärnskanon:''' Anti-aircraft cannon
** [[Lvkan m/37 A (75 mm)|75 mm lvkan m/37]]
* '''fsthaub – fästningshaubits:''' Fortress howitzer
** [[Fsthaub m/02 (150 mm)|150 mm fsthaub m/02]]
* '''rbs – robotsystem:''' Missile system
** [[Rbs 55]]

== (SE) Munition ==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 15px 0 0;">[[#Swedish|'''Back to the Swedish table''']]</div>

* '''gr – granat:''' Grenade (synonymous with shell)
* '''prj – projektil:''' Projectile (often as a substitute for '''fullprj – fullprojektil''') Solid projectile (literally: Full projectile)
* '''sl – spårljus:''' Tracer (literally: Track light)
* '''pprj – pansarprojektil:''' Armour-piercing projectile (literally: Armour projectile)
* '''pgr – pansargranat:''' Armour-piercing shell (literally: Armour grenade)
* '''hpgr – halvpansargranat:''' Semi-armour-piercing shell (literally: Half armour grenade)
* '''sgr – spränggranat:''' High-explosive shell (literally: Burst grenade)
* '''spgr- sprängpansargranat:''' High-Explosive Squash-Head shell (literally: Burst armour grenade)
* '''psgr – pansarspränggranat:''' High-Explosive Anti-Tank shell (literally: Armour burst grenade)
* '''rökgr – rökgranat:''' Smoke shell (literally: Smoke grenade)
* '''rb – robot:''' Missile (literally: "robot")
** [[Rb24]]
* '''srak – sprängraket:''' High-explosive rocket (literally: Burst rocket)
** [[srak m/51|15 cm srak m/51]]
* '''psrak – pansarsprängraket:''' High-Explosive Anti-Tank rocket (literally: Armour burst rocket)
** [[psrak m/49A|14,5 cm psrak m/49A]]
* '''hprak – Halvpansarraket''' Semi-armour-piercing High-Explosive rocket (literally: Half-armour rocket)
** [[hprak m/49|18 cm hprak m/49]]
* '''mb – minbomb''' High capacity / General purpose bomb (literally: Mine bomb)
** [[mb m/50 (600 kg)|600 kg mb m/50]]
* '''sb – sprängbomb''' High-Explosive Fragmentation bomb (literally: Burst bomb)
** [[sb m/61 (120 kg)|120 kg sb m/61]]

[[Category:Custom articles]]

MH-60L DAP

2023-12-29T17:58:28Z

U104930763: /* Suspended armament */ +links

{{Specs-Card
|code=mh_60l_dap
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American attack helicopter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Heli-Flight}}

''Describe how the helicopter behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed<br>(km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}}
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Heli-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the helicopter. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Heli-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Offensive}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 90 x countermeasures
** 90 x countermeasures + IRCM

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Suspended}}

{{main|ATAS (AIM-92)|APKWS II (M151)|APKWS II (M282)|AGM-114K Hellfire II}}
{{main|Hydra-70 M247}}
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* Without load
* 8 x ATAS (AIM-92) missiles
* 28 x APKWS II (M151) missiles
* 28 x APKWS II (M282) missiles
* 4 x AGM-114K Hellfire II missiles
* 8 x AGM-114K Hellfire II missiles
* 16 x AGM-114K Hellfire II missiles
* 38 x Hydra-70 M247 rockets + 4 x AGM-114K Hellfire II missiles
* 76 x Hydra-70 M247 rockets

{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in a helicopter, the features of using the helicopter in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

=== Devblog History ===
By the late 1960s, the U.S. Army began drawing up requirements for a new utility helicopter to replace the successful UH-1 Iroquois. Requesting design proposals in 1972, the Army was approached by several manufacturers, including Sikorsky, which put forward their S-70 design. Shortly afterward, Sikorsky received the order to construct several prototypes for comparative testing against the Boeing-Vertol’s rival design. Designated as YUH-60, the Sikorsky’s prototype first took to the skies in October 1974 before three units were delivered to the Army for trials in March 1976.

Being selected as the winning design by the Army later that year, the Sikorsky S-70 was ordered into production under the designation UH-60 and receiving the official nickname “Black Hawk”. After the first units rolled off the assembly line, the Black Hawk entered service with the Army in 1979. After entering service, the Black Hawk received many modifications and upgrades which negatively impacted its performance characteristics. Due to the degrading performance, in 1987 the Army ordered the development of an improved version, the UH-60L. Most notably, this variant introduced more powerful engines and allowed the Black Hawk to carry a substantially higher payload of offensive weapons.

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|MqG0NU87Uj4|'''MH-60L DAP Black Hawk Ultimate Review''' - ''Bob Dickinson''}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the helicopter;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8553-development-mh-60l-black-hawk-air-cavalry-en|[Devblog] MH-60L Black Hawk: Air Cavalry!]]

{{AirManufacturer Sikorsky}}
{{USA helicopters}}

APKWS II (M282)

2023-12-29T17:55:01Z

U104930763: /* External links */ + links to CAT-UXO

OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)

2023-12-29T17:35:15Z

U104930763: /* Available ammunition */ +shell table

{{About
| about = Italian '''{{PAGENAME}}''' cannon
| usage = the other version
| link = OTO Melara 105/55 (105 mm)
}}
== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===

* {{Specs-Link|it_b1_centauro}}
* {{Specs-Link|it_b1_centauro_romor}}
* {{Specs-Link|it_vrcc_centauro}}
* {{Specs-Link|it_of_40_mk_1}}
* {{Specs-Link|it_of_40_mk_2a}}
* {{Specs-Link|it_of_40_mtca}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''
{{:OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)/Ammunition|M456, M416, M392A2, M393A2, M735, DM23, DM33}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[L7 (105 mm) (Family)]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

PL66 Gai (152 mm)

2023-12-29T17:03:18Z

U104930763: /* Available ammunition */ +shell table +description of shells from PLZ83

OQF Mk.II (94 mm)

2023-12-29T16:43:01Z

U104930763: /* Available ammunition */ +shell table

GT-4 (76 mm)

2023-12-29T16:40:53Z

U104930763: /* Available ammunition */ +shell table

[[File:Weapon GT-4 (76 mm).png|thumb|right|x250px|The GT-4 (76 mm) on the Rooikat Mk.1D gun mantlet.]]

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===

* {{Specs-Link|uk_rooikat_76|short}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''
{{:GT-4 (76 mm)/Ammunition|76/62 APFSDS, 76/62 HE}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

2A31 (122 mm)

2023-12-29T16:36:57Z

U104930763: /* Available ammunition */ +shell table

M126 (155 mm)

2023-12-29T16:34:04Z

U104930763: /* Available ammunition */ +shell table

M185 (155 mm)

2023-12-29T16:31:29Z

U104930763: /* Available ammunition */ +shell table

== Description ==
The M185 is an 155mm howitzer used on the American M109 Paladin SPHs. The M185 was derived from the M126, a shorter barreled version with less muzzle velocity and effective range than the M185. The Paladin participated in many wars, varying from Vietnam to the modern Gulf War in 1991.

Ingame, the M185 is mounted on the M109A1 series of Paladins in USA, Britain, and Israel (Rochev).

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|us_m109a1}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_m109a1}}
* {{Specs-Link|il_m109a1}}

== General info ==
The M185 has a very high destructive potential. Having 61mm of penetration for the HE and HE-VT shells, direct hits to most tanks at 6.0-7.0 on spots near the roof will eliminate the crew. Light vehicles and open tops will be annihilated, and the HE-VT can destroy slow moving planes and helicopters with a near hit.

=== Available ammunition ===

{{:M185 (155 mm)/Ammunition|M107, M107 (PF), M110}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
The M185 works as a typical howitzer: aiming for and above roof sections as well as cupolas is a must. With a better muzzle velocity than the short-barreled M126, it is easier to aim the gun and projectiles reach the target faster. Most vehicles at the same BR as the M109A1 will be able to destroy the M109A1 in a single hit, so make the shots count, work with teammates, and make sure cover is nearby to ensure a safe reload.

When shooting, the rule of the thumb is to aim for surfaces directly above the roof, the roof itself, cupolas, or any armor thinner than 55-60mm.

'''Fighting German tanks:'''

* If fighting Panthers, shoot the lower section of the gun mantlet above the roof. Alternatively, aim for the cupola as early models of Panthers have a distinctive tall drum cupola that can easily be targeted. The Panther's sides can also be penetrated with HE, only being 40-50mm thick.
* For the Tiger H1s, shoot the lower section of the gun mantlet right above the roof. The H1 also has the drum cupola, so aiming there will also overpressure and destroy the Tiger. For Tiger Es, shoot the gun mantlet as the cupola is quite small from the front. From the sides, shoot the cupola or turret ring.
* Tiger IIs will be encountered quite commonly in an uptier. Aim for the cupola if possible or shoot right above the roof on the lower section of the mantlet.

'''Fighting Soviet (USSR) tanks:'''

* The T-34 series of tanks have weak armor and the HE can destroy the tank from the UFP, turret ring, or the cupola.
* IS-1/2s can be hard to deal with frontally, aim for the drum cupola.

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Excellent firepower, can deal with vehicles it faces with ease if aimed properly.
* Gun is still useful with some skill until the introduction of ERA/composite, more precise CAS, and better weapons.
* Easy to aim and relatively quick muzzle velocity make sniping easy.

'''Cons:'''

* HE will not be effective on surfaces thicker than 61 mm, heavily armored tanks will be tricky to deal with.
* Long reload time, missing a shot can be unforgiving.
* Barrel has a very long size, can be detrimental in urban combat.

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA tank cannons}}
{{Britain tank cannons}}
{{Israel tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

Cockerill Mk.3 (90 mm)

2023-12-29T16:29:37Z

U104930763: /* Available ammunition */ +shell table

GT-2 (90 mm)

2023-12-29T16:28:13Z

U104930763: /* General info */ +shell table and comparison

G6 L/45 (155 mm)

2023-12-29T16:08:18Z

U104930763: /* Available ammunition */ +shell table

[[File:Weapon G6 L-45 (155 mm).png|thumb|right|x250px|The G6 L/45 (155 mm) on the G6 gun mantlet.]]

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|uk_g6_spg}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''
{{:G6 L/45 (155 mm)/Ammunition|M1, G6 Smoke, M1 (PF)}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

GI-2 (20 mm)

2023-12-29T16:06:35Z

U104930763: /* Available ammunition */ +ammo table

[[File:Weapon Editing GI-2 (20 mm).png|thumb|right|x250px|The 20 mm GI-2 on the Ratel 20 gun mantlet.]]

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|uk_ratel_20}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
* '''M594:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''M601:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}

{{:GI-2 (20 mm)/Ammunition|HVAP-T, HEFI-T}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

QF L4A1 (183 mm)

2023-12-29T16:03:54Z

U104930763: /* Available ammunition */ +shell table

== Description ==

The '''183 mm QF L4A1''' is a British tank cannon. It is among the largest in-game calibres for ground vehicles, although it only fires HESH rounds.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|uk_fv4005}}

== General info ==

Many might think that a gun this big will guarantee a kill. This is often correct, but you have to be cautious of the round being trapped by volumetric armor. It is important to avoid shooting spots with volumetric armor on enemy tanks. If you avoid spots like this, the gun will do wonders.

=== Available ammunition ===

Because the gun was originally designed as an anti-emplacement howitzer, it is limited to firing HESH ammunition. This can work against tanks, but it will not always penetrate the frontal armor of its enemies. Therefore it is important to aim correctly, to have a higher chance to destroy a tank or maybe even several in one shot, which is not incredibly rare because of the massive size of this gun.
{{:QF L4A1 (183 mm)/Ammunition|Shell L1}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very large calibre, at 183 mm
* Excellent potential damage output

'''Cons:'''

* Shell can be easily trapped by volumetric armour

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

Mark 7 (Nuclear bomb)

2023-12-22T14:41:42Z

U104930763: /* History */ rewrited history section, it was mostly bullshit (like: 60 Mt in 730 kg package? Antimatter in 50s?)

[[File:Weapon Mark 7 (Nuclear bomb).png|thumb|right|x250px|The Mark 7 (Nuclear bomb) launched from a Canberra B (I) Mk 6 bomber.]]

== Description ==

''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===

''List out vehicles that are equipped with the weapon.''

== General info ==

''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the bomb.''

=== Effective damage ===

''You would deploy this bomb to conclude the game upon its detonation on the battlefield.''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of bombs that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe situations when you would utilise this bomb in-game (vehicle, pillbox, base, etc)''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

The Mark 7 nuclear bomb, developed during the mid-1950s in the midst of the Cold War, was the first tactical nuclear bomb adopted by USA armed forces. Intended to be delivered by fighter-bombers using toss bombing method, it weighted just 1600 lb (730 kg), was streamlined and had retractable stabilizer. Different fissile material assemblies (called "pits") allowed variable yields of 8, 19, 22, 30, 31, and 61 kilotons. In form of W7 warhead it was also used on rockets, depth charges and MGM-5 Corporal ballistic missile.

Under USA-UK agreement, Mark 7 bombs were used on British [[Canberra (Family)|Canberra]] jet bombers stationed in West Germany.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[Mark_6_(Nuclear_bomb)|☢Mark 6]]
* [[AN-52_(Nuclear_bomb)|☢AN-52]]
* [[RDS-4_(Nuclear_bomb)|☢RDS-4]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Nuclear bombs}}

Mark 6 (Nuclear bomb)

2023-12-22T14:13:14Z

U104930763: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */ +link

[[File:Weapon Mark 6 (Nuclear bomb).png|thumb|right|x250px|The Mark 6 (Nuclear bomb) launched from a B-29A-BN bomber.]]

== Description ==

''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===

[[B-29A-BN|☢B-29A-BN]]

== General info ==

''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the bomb.''

=== Effective damage ===

''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of bomb (high explosive, splash damage, etc)''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of bombs that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe situations when you would utilise this bomb in-game (vehicle, pillbox, base, etc)''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==

''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[Mark_7_(Nuclear_bomb)|☢Mark 7]]
* [[AN-52_(Nuclear_bomb)|☢AN-52]]
* [[RDS-4_(Nuclear_bomb)|☢RDS-4]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Nuclear_bombs}}

AS.12

2023-12-22T13:36:01Z

U104930763: /* Media */ added photo

File:AS.12 at Explosion Museum.JPG

2023-12-22T13:28:04Z

U104930763: Photo of an AS.12 air-to-surface missile by Wikimedia Commons user Geni, taken at Explosion Museum of Naval Firepower

Photo of an AS.12 air-to-surface missile by Wikimedia Commons user Geni, taken at Explosion Museum of Naval Firepower

Shahak

2023-12-22T13:20:01Z

U104930763: /* Description */ typos

{{Specs-Card
|code=mirage_3cj
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The Shahak was the name given by the IAF personal to the French Mirage IIICJ in service. It was Israel first Mach 2 capable fighter and it was it's main air superiority fighter for many years. It participated in the Six Days War and Yom Kippur War, as well as several border conflicts and skirmishes with Egyptian and Syrian forces, it's main enemy was the Soviet made MiG-21 interceptor. For it's pilots the new missiles carried by the Shahak proved to be too unreliable and most pilots would rather use the DEFA cannons equipped in the aircraft. Israel operated a total of 72 Mirage III fighters that were phased out soon after the Yom Kippur War in favour of more modern IAI Kfir and F-4 Phantom IIs

It was introduced in [[Update "Winged Lions"]]. The Shahak is very similar in gameplay and BR to the French Mirage IIIC, at least in terms of flight performance. The Shahak however uses a very different missile loadout, using American made AIM-9Ds instead of the short range Matra Magic 1s used in the French variant. The Shahak is fast and very agile, like most delta wing fighters, however it's design makes it so that it has very good agility and AOA but it losses energy very quickly in any kind of manoeuvre. And because it's acceleration is not the best at low speeds it is necessary to stay fast in order to survive, this is even more evident once you realize the Shahak has no countermeasures and staying fast is it's best asset to avoid being hit with a missile

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed<br>(km/h at 12,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,084 || 2,042 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 29.6 || 30.2 || 108.9 || 96.9 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,240 || 2,160 || 26.5 || 28.0 || 173.4 || 140.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || X || X || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,460  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || - || - || - || ~12 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 920 || < 750 || < 650 || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | SNECMA Atar 9B || 1
| colspan="2" | 6,340 kg || colspan="2" | 258 kg/m<sup>2</sup>
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff<br>Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 28m fuel
|-
| 1,333 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 6,900 kg || 7,673 kg || 8,206 kg || 10,950 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 28m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 4,230 kgf || 6,090 kgf
| 0.88 || 0.79 || 0.74 || 0.56
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 5,118 kgf<br>(1,200 - 1,400 km/h) || 8,253 kgf<br>(1,400 km/h)
| 1.20 || 1.08 || 1.01 || 0.75
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

Due to the size of the Shahak, its survivability is rather low. The large engine that covers almost half the length of your fuselage is very vulnerable to enemy fire. Any damage which will significantly decrease your power output and the massive wings will lose a large amount of lift when damaged.

The plane includes an RWR (radar warning receiver), which can be rather helpful.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|DEFA 552A (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm DEFA 552A cannons, belly-mounted (125 rpg = 250 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="15%" | 1 !! width="15%" | 2 !! width="15%" | 3
| rowspan="9" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[SAMP Type 25 (250 kg)|250 kg SAMP Type 25]] bombs
| || 2 ||
|-
! [[SAMP Type 25 200 (250 kg)|250 kg SAMP Type 25 200]] bombs
| || 2 ||
|-
! [[SAMP Type 21 (400 kg)|400 kg SAMP Type 21]] bombs
| || 2 ||
|-
! [[SAMP Type 21 200 (400 kg)|400 kg SAMP Type 21 200]] bombs
| || 2 ||
|-
! [[AIM-9D Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || || 1
|-
! [[Matra R530]] missiles
| || 1 ||
|-
! [[Matra R530E]] missiles
| || 1 ||
|-
! [[Shafrir 2]] missiles
| 1 || || 1
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* Without load
* 2 x Shafrir 2 missiles
* 2 x AIM-9D Sidewinder missiles
* 1 x Matra R530 missile
* 1 x Matra R530E missile
* 2 x 250 kg SAMP Type 25 bombs (500 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg SAMP Type 25 200 bombs (500 kg total)
* 2 x 400 kg SAMP Type 21 bombs (800 kg total)
* 2 x 400 kg SAMP Type 21 200 bombs (800 kg total)
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

In Air RB, it is recommended to climb and use your decent radar and Matra R530 SARH missiles against unsuspecting aircraft (such as Harriers, A-5C, F-5C, MiG-21S and more). The R530 missile has pretty good range and can hit opponents coming head-on even when launched from the maximum range (~12 km or 7.5 mi at ~5 km or ~3 mi altitude or more) while also being agile enough to hit targets that try to manoeuvre at higher altitudes.

The aircraft also comes with the Matra R530E which is the infrared variant of the R530. It can be used at medium range at high altitude (preferable side-on) but it will be a missile that you rarely use since you have access to two AIM-9D missiles that are superior to the 530E. The R530E could then be traded for bombs or the regular R530 which also has all-aspect capabilities.

There is also the Shafrir 2 IR missile which has great manoeuvrability, as well as a long motor burn time. However, the missile has a relatively short range, and can have difficulty hitting targets going the same speed as you at low altitude. the uncaged seeker helps this missile alot with turning targets by allowing you to lead the missile.

The AIM-9D is one of the longest-range missiles of the AIM-9 family, featuring a motor and aerodynamics almost identical to the AIM-9G/9H with an inferior seeker head and gimbal limits. It can effectively destroy aircraft 5-6 km rear aspect at ~5 km, ~3 mi altitude or more with the only drawback being that it is angled downwards with a caged seeker before launch making it slightly harder to use.

The aircraft itself features a powerful engine and a delta wing configuration which allow it to accelerate at a decent rate and have great maneuverability but the control surfaces become less responsive at higher altitudes.

In summary, a valid tactic is to start climbing at 20-25 degrees once you take off until you reach an altitude where your missiles can use their full range at the start of the battle, use your radar to lock on an enemy and fire your R530 missiles hopefully scoring a kill while avoiding sharp turns and doing your best to keep your speed high. Having high speed not only makes it harder for enemies to catch up to you or use their missiles to hit you, it also makes your missiles have an even longer range. Once you see that there are no more enemies at your altitude, there are most likely either a few running people on the enemy team left or there is a furball. In both cases you have the ability to sneak up on the enemy from your higher altitude and fire your missiles off scoring even more kills. One thing to keep in mind though is that the AIM-9D pulls too much lead when fired off from side-aspect so it will be easier to dodge.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Greatly manoeuvrable
* Good air-to-air missiles
* 30 mm DEFA cannons are deadly at close ranges

'''Cons:'''

* Bleeds speed fairly quickly in sharp turns
* No countermeasures (no flares or chaff)
* Low ammo pool for the cannons

== History ==
[[File:Shahak.jpg|thumb|Israeli Shahak in display]]
Shahak was the name given by the Israelis to their operated Dassault Mirage IIICJ. Israel placed an order for several aircrafts in 1959 to combat the new Mig-21 Mach 2 fighters fitted by many Arab nations. The Mirage fighters given to Israel had a couple of modifications, the Mirage was intended to be a high altitude bomber interceptor but Israel needed a fighter jet capable of air superiority missions.

Therefore Israeli Mirages included extra fuel tanks instead of takeoff rockets and two DEFA cannons not present in the original French Mirages. The first Mirage fighters arrived to Israel in 1962 and were subsequently given to the 101 "First Fighter" Squadron. 24 fighters were initially ordered but that purchase was increased to 72 in 1961. Later in 1962 the 117th squadron started to operate the Mirage, and finally the 119th Squadron was the last receiver of the new purchase.

Israel operated mainly the Mirage IIIC, but it also operated the Mirage IIIB two seat variant that lacked the interception radar. The Shahak was called that way because of it's new armament, but the new air to air missiles like the Shafrir 2 and Matra 530 proved too unreliable and pilots usually just used the DEFA cannons for air to air combat. During the early 1960s the Shahak was involved in fights in Syria with Mig-17s and Mig-21s were the missiles used by both sides proved unsatisfactory, however two Mig-21s were shot down with cannon shots.

The Shahak was present in several more conflicts, it saw extensive use in the Six Days War were it was Israel main air superiority fighter. After that it participated in several skirmishes with Egyptian and Syrian Mig-21s over border disputes, however it also saw combat against Soviet pilots flying over the Sinai Peninsula. During the Yom Kippur War the Shahak was down to less than 40 examples and saw most of it's use in patrols and flying reconnaissance. Since the IAF had more modern and capable F-4 Phantoms and IAI Nesher fighters in service. It still was used with success against Egyptian strike aircrafts and Syrian Mig-21s in several situations.

The Shahak was quickly faced out in favour of more capable fighters after the Yom Kippur War and it's number just kept decreasing. More capable and modern versions of the American F-4 Phantom II and the IAI Kafir made the Shahak obsolete.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=mirage_3cj Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|456XzilUyHI|'''Mirage IIICJ: A Basic Review''' - ''Tims Variety''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Mirage III (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Dassault}}
{{Israel jet aircraft}}

Ki-45 hei/tei (China)

2023-12-21T07:49:50Z

U104930763: /* Usage in battles */ while true for tei, hei/tei has no bombs

{{About
| about = premium twin-engine fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Ki-45 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ki-45_hei_tei_china
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Ki-45_hei_tei_(China).jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' , known to the Chinese forces by the name 重战 (Heavy fighter), was the captured Ki-45 series in Northeastern China by the Communist forces by the end of WWII. IJAAF deployed some quantities of Ki-45 to Northeastern China to defend their assets in the area, most notably their steel mill; as well as the last-ditch weapon against Soviet forces near the Chinese borders. 3 of these Ki-45 in different variants were eventually rebuilt into a single aircraft for evaluation and teaching, leaving them practically useless during the later Civil War.

Introduced in [[Update 1.93 "Shark Attack"]] as one of the GE aircraft available, the Ki-45 was classified as a heavy fighter. The Ki-45 isn't the best in the manoeuvrability category. However, for a heavy fighter, it manoeuvres very well. It is even capable of out-turning aircraft such as the [[P-47D-25]]. Unlike heavy fighters of other nations, the Ki-45 series does not feature aircraft with large amounts of heavy weaponry. This is a major downside, considering how heavy fighters traditionally give up manoeuvrability and speed for armament. Instead, the Ki-45s utilize more of an equilibrium between manoeuvrability, speed, and armament. These are what makes the Ki-45 both a capable dogfighter, and bomber hunter.

This variant is a unusual hybrid between the [[Ki-45 hei|hei]] and [[Ki-45 tei|tei]] variants of the Ki-45. It has the fuselage mounted 20 mm Ho-3 cannon and lack of ordnance options of the former and the twin 20 mm Ho-5 cannons mounted behind the pilot in the "Schrage Musik" style of the latter. This makes it the most heavily armed Ki-45 currently available in the game, though it pays for this with a significantly higher battle rating. A great choice for bomber hunting, the low ammunition supplies make it unforgiving against fighters.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed<br>(km/h at 6,300 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 551 || 533 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.9 || 25.5 || 16.4 || 16.4 || rowspan="2" | 520
|-
! Upgraded
| 593 || 570 || 23.2 || 24.0 || 23.1 || 19.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 450 || 444 || 308 || ~11 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 360 || < 320 || < 450 || > 330
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 16 mm steel - behind pilot
* 16 mm steel - headrest

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Ho-203 (37 mm)|Ho-3 (20 mm)|Ho-5 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 37 mm Ho-203 cannon, nose-mounted (15 rpg)
* 1 x 20 mm Ho-3 cannon, belly-mounted (100 rpg)
* 2 x 20 mm Ho-5 cannons, Schräge-Musik style (100 rpg = 200 total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Type 98 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.92 mm Type 98 machine gun, dorsal turret (1,050 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==


This variant of the Ki-45, the Ki-45 tei, features the first "Schräge Musik" armament of the series. Wielding one Ho-204 37 mm cannon and two Ho-5 20 mm cannons, the Ki-45 tei is the definition of a bomber hunter. Its 37 mm cannon allows the Toryu to take down bombers with ease, and its dual 20 mm cannons allow for even more flexibility in the bomber hunting department. Although deadly, the 37 mm cannon only holds 15 rounds, so shot placement is crucial. The round itself also travels fairly slowly in the air, making it hard to hit fast-moving enemy fighters. The 20 mm cannons are best used in a secondary weapon role, as they are fixed at an upward angle. To use these weapons, one must bind a key to them via the in-game controls menu (it is on the first page that comes up, basic).

The Ki-45 tei also retains its impressive turn rate from the [[Ki-45 otsu]]. Although the aircraft itself is large and presents an "easy target" in many players' minds, the Ki-45 is rather nimble. Use this to your advantage when engaging enemy aircraft. Unfortunately, the Ki-45 is a heavy fighter, meaning its turn time is still not on par with other aircraft such as the [[F2A-3]]. In certain cases, the Ki-45 pilot may have to rely on his or her tail gunner to get the job done. The "tei" version of the Ki-45 features a 7.92 mm Type 98 machine gun with 1050 rounds. Although lacklustre, with shot placement it is possible to destroy enemies on the aircraft's tail. Aim for the pilot or the engine, as those are generally the weakest points on most aircraft. If the tailing enemy is a biplane, aim for the wings since they are very fragile.

The Toryu is also rather fragile for a heavy fighter. Although it does feature two engines, the Ki-45 does not have very much armour protection. Only the back of the pilot's seat and the nose has armour, leaving both the gunner and engines unprotected. This can prove costly in a fight. If one does find him or herself tailed, call upon teammates for assistance.

* In simulator, the Ki-45 has a decent frontal view with large pieces of glass in front, on top and to the sides, ensuring great visibility. The gun sight has enough room under, allowing easy tracking and leading of targets. However the side views are terrible as the wings & engines block out most of the view downwards, and a thick frame blocks out the upper area, as a result, the common way of circling above an area to spot something is extremely limited. Rear visibility is almost non-existent with the entire tail obstructed by the headset.
* If a bomber is flying above your level, your Schräge Musik cannons will become very handy and give them a fatal surprise. The Schräge Musik is easy to learn but takes time and practice to use it to its full potential. First, position your Ki-45 under the bomber's belly and make sure you are at least 500 m above the ground. Then, as you are about to be directly under it, switch to Schräge Musik mode and align the reticle to the centre axis of the target fuselage. Now because there is no fixed distance on how far below the target you should be, the shells might not always land at where the reticle points at, so fire a few short bursts first to see if your lead is accurate. Fix the vertical lead by pitching the plane or adjust your speed. When adjusting the pitch, you must pay constant attention to your altimeter because in Schräge Musik mode, you are staring at the blank sky above, thus you are likely to lose sense of direction and will have no idea if you are diving towards the ground or climbing to a stall. If your pitch is too important (regardless of diving or climbing), get out of Schräge Musik mode and reposition the plane. Aiming the Schräge Musik cannons sideways require a combination of elevator and rudder finesse which can be overwhelming at first, but be patient and practice. The Ki-45 is more manoeuvrable than the Do 217 N-2, making it easier to use the Schräge Musik. The 2 x 20 mm cannons deal considerable damage to most bomber's underside, however control your trigger as 100 rounds per gun is quickly spent if your shots miss.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable<br>Not auto controlled || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Controllable<br>Auto control available || Separate || Controllable<br>2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Highly powerful cannon combinations allow it to hunt down most bombers easily
* Good manoeuvrability and climb rate for a heavy fighter; can out-turn aircraft like P-47
* Acceptable top speed
* 16.5 mm of armour in pilot's seat and added armour in the nose around cannon barrel
* Twin-engine design- can fly back to base even with one engine damaged/destroyed

'''Cons:'''

* Beat in turn fights by some aircraft like Bf 109 F-4, A6M2 / 3
* Prone to fuel and engine fires
* Locks up at high speeds
* Mediocre roll rate, gets worse as speed increases
* Limited ammunition for all weapons
* Lack of protection around fuel tanks, engines, and gunner
* Long cannon reload for arcade
* Pilot is exposed in head-ons
* Very little anti-fighter capabilities

== History ==

The documents regarding of the service of the Ki-45 series in Mainland China are rather sparse. Some of the known records of their operation were bomber interception operations against the USAAF during their bombardment on Anshan (鞍山; for the steel mill) and during the last days of the Empire as a last ditch weapon to take down the masses of Soviet tanks assaulting Northeastern China with its 37 mm cannon.

There were records suggesting that the Chinese Red Army Air Force (before the official establishment of PLAAF on 1949/11/11) flew Ki-45; but current evidence showed another story instead: The Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army (东北民主抗日联军;东北抗联) found 3 modified Ki-45s (modified from a certain model to Tei 丁 variant) at Sunjia Airfield, Harbin in 1946, but all these 3 aircrafts were damaged and only one of them could be assembled for flight, likely never been used by the Air Force.<ref>https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1746466274067723349&wfr=spider&for=pc</ref>

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ki-45_hei_tei_china Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|zu-JuEfl9ro|'''Premium Review, Chinese Ki-45 Hei/Tei. Best used in a Squad''' - ''Joseph 2000''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Ki-45 (Family)]]

;Other aircraft equipped with Schräge Musik

* [[Bf 110 G-4]]{{-}}[[Bf 110 G-4 (Italy)]]
* [[Do 217 N-2]]
* [[Ki-45 tei]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
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{{AirManufacturer Kawasaki}}
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{{China premium aircraft}}
<references />

Churchill I

2023-12-16T17:21:41Z

U104930763: /* Usage in battles */ Powerful HEAT and HE are on StuH 42, not StuG III

{{About
| about = British heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = Churchill (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_a_22_mk_1_churchill_1941
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (or just '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]]. As the original model of the Churchill infantry tank, it has the substantial frontal armour able to withstand enemy shells.

The Churchill Mk I is one of the more capable heavy tanks at rank II. The tank has excellent frontal armour that can absorb and bounce shots. Tanks such as the [[Panzer III]], [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]], [[M4|M4 Sherman]], and even the dreaded [[Pz.IV F2|Panzer IV F2]] can be blocked if angled. Very few tanks can deal with the Churchill Mk I effectively from the front, such as the [[M10 GMC]] or [[Achilles]]. Its 2-pounder gun, however, is sub-par in dealing damage for its battle rating. It is of small calibre and has low penetration and damage. Use its very fast reload to make follow-up shots to finish off enemies. Its secondary howitzer is able to fire HE shells, however, due to their inefficiency, it is recommended to use smoke rounds to cover your team's advance or to smoke out enemy positions.

The Churchill Mk I, despite being a heavy tank, is quite fast and can turn just as swiftly via neutral steering. However, a driver must be skilled to utilise this to the tank's advantage, as turning while in forward motion is slower than the neutral steer, which the enemy can take advantage of when flanking. The Churchill's engine is also easily damaged due to its large appearance.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The main attribute of the Churchill I is obviously its armour. the 89 to 178 mm of the front hull together with the 63.5 mm of side armour means that this tank performs very well when angled. However overangling can reveal the thinly armoured engine in the back. The very big tracks also aid in protection as they can soak up a lot of shells. However, this leaves you vulnerable to being detracked. Do not let the enemy get to your rear as all tanks at the Churchill I's BR can penetrate it.

The turret of the Churchill I is very well armoured overall, it has 89 mm all around except 114 mm on the front. On the front, there is also a 50 mm thick mantlet plate below the main plate that when combined offers superb frontal protection. The turret front has a couple of small weak spots in the front where the turret MG and sight are placed: the armour is only 50 mm thick and can be penetrated by any opposing tank. Always keep the turret in motion when at close range.

The roof armour of the turret and hull are both very thin and can be easily strafed by aircraft with a calibre of 20 mm or larger. Little can be done, but sticking close to an SPAA vehicle or keeping under trees can help mitigate these risks.

The 5 crew members of the Churchill allow for decent survivability, however, due to the packed crew in the turret, an APHE shell will knock the crew entirely if it goes through. If this happens you'll have to wait for the hull-gunner (presuming they're still alive) to take up the gunner's position.

The abundance of smoke munitions on the vehicle (roof-mounted smoke grenades as well as howitzer-fired smoke rounds) allows for increased survivability in most situations.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Driver viewport, Machine gun area, Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 89 mm ''Front plate'' <br> 89 + 89 mm ''Front plate (MG Port)'' <br> 38 mm (63°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 76.2 mm (19°) ''Lower glacis'' || 63.5 mm ''Overall side armour'' <br> 76.2 mm ''Side hatch'' <br> 38.1 mm ''Side edge'' || 50.8 mm <br> 25.4 mm (68°) ''Bottom'' || 15.87 mm
|-
| Turret || 89 mm ''Turret front'' <br> 89 mm (0-30°) ''Gun mantlet'' <br> 18 mm (76°) ''Roof area'' || 76.2 mm || 76.2 mm || 18 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 19 mm thick.
* A 8 mm Structural steel plate separates the engine and crew compartment.
* 50 mm internal mantlet that can be either a weak spot or an extra layer of armour
* The 8 mm engine vents on the side of the tank lead directly to the engine and fuel tanks

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


As a heavy infantry support tank. the Churchill I is slow and will not be the first to reach the frontline. It has a top speed of 28 km/h (30 km/h in AB) and will reach that top speed fairly quickly due to a good engine and transmission. The Churchill I has a very poor reverse speed (-3 km/h), so it should not be relied on for peaking a hill or corner. The Churchill I can neutral steer allowing for good positioning, however the neutral steering is very slow. Short brakes can be used to pivot the tank much faster (keybinds can be defined in-game in the Controls menu: Controls > Ground vehicles > Short brakes).

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=452|rbMinHp=310}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|QF 2-pounder (40 mm)}}

The 40 mm QF 2-pounder has poor penetration even with its best round at its BR (89 mm point blank). You will still be able to penetrate most light or medium vehicles frontally at close range, but at ranges greater than 500 m the cannon becomes mostly ineffective due to both its lack of penetration and its inaccuracy. From the side, the round will usually go through, even at medium ranges. The 2-pounder's best attribute is its reload speed. Because of this you will in most cases be able to fire 2 rounds in the same times as the enemy can fire only one. It is advised to use the 2-pounder's reload speed to methodically take out key components within the enemy vehicle. This will also be necessary as the only round with explosive filler is the 76mm, and the HE round has terrible penetration. The 2-pounder is equipped with a shoulder stabilizer allowing for stable fire at slow speeds.

The gun has excellent elevation and depression angles as well as a turret with decent traverse speeds, however in a lot of situations the hull may be in the way of the gun, keep this in mind when engaging on uneven or hilly terrain.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[QF 2-pounder (40 mm)|40 mm QF 2-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 150 || rowspan="2" | -15°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Shoulder|up to 10 km/h}} || 19.42 || 26.88 || 32.64 || 36.10 || 38.40 || rowspan="2" | 3.64 || rowspan="2" | 3.22 || rowspan="2" | 2.97 || rowspan="2" | 2.80
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.56 || 24.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:QF 2-pounder (40 mm)/Ammunition|Shot Mk.1 AP/T, Shot Mk.IXB APCBC/T, Shot Mk.1 APHV/T, Shell Mk.1 AP/T}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! 5th<br>rack empty
! 6th<br>rack empty
! 7th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''150''' || 110 ''(+40)'' || 80 ''(+70)'' || 58 ''(+92)'' || 36 ''(+114)'' || 26 ''(+124)'' || 16 ''(+134)'' || 1 ''(+149)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Racks disappear after you've fired all shells in the rack.
* Centre & turret empty: 58 ''(+92)'' shells.

==== Optics ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]
|-
! Which ones
! Default magnification
! Maximum magnification
|-
! Main Gun optics
| x1.85 || x3.5
|-
! Comparable optics
| colspan="2" | [[T-34 (1940)]]
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|OQF 3-inch Howitzer Mk I (76 mm)}}

The hull-mounted 76 mm OQF 3-inch Howitzer Mk I has only 2 types of rounds available to it: HE and smoke. This is due to the fact that it was intended to be used against infantry. In the game, the HE round can be used to overpressure the roof or floor of lightly armoured vehicles and can obliterate open-topped vehicles by hitting them almost anywhere. The smoke round is self-explanatory, and can be used to fire smoke at a greater distances compared to smoke dischargers. The smoke rounds can be used to "smoke out" enemy positions by firing on them with the 76 mm howitzer to force them to move from a good position, or to cover advancing allies from enemy fire.

This weapon also receives aim assist in AB, but to see it the player must select the howitzer as a "primary weapon" which makes regular main weapon inoperable. To return back to the turret cannon it is adviced to use "reset" weapon selection rather than choosing it again, as otherwise it will be impossible to use both weapons at once anymore, which is inconvenient. Due to the extremely low muzzle velocity of the shell the howitzer can fire over tall builings and hills, which allows AB Churchill I to fire almost anywhere. Enemy open topped vehicles must react to the shell coming from the sky (if they even can see it coming) to dodge or they will not survive.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[OQF 3-inch Howitzer Mk I (76 mm)|76 mm OQF 3-inch Howitzer Mk I]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 58 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+9° || rowspan="2" | ±15° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 12.0 || 17.0 || 20.0 || 23.0 || 24.0 || rowspan="2" | 8.1 || rowspan="2" | 7.2 || rowspan="2" | 6.7 || rowspan="2" | 6.3
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.9 || 10.0 || 13.0 || 14.0 || 15.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:OQF 3-inch Howitzer Mk I (76 mm)/Ammunition|3-inch Mark II, 3-inch Smoke}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''58''' || 45 ''(+13)'' || 31 ''(+27)'' || 16 ''(+42)'' || 1 ''(+57)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Racks disappear after you've fired all shells in the rack.
* Minimal load: 16 ''(+42)'' shells.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|BESA (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[BESA (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm BESA]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,950 (225) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

This tank can use a playstyle similar to the Matilda or a weaker Churchill III. It is best played up close, to make use of the armour and also gun. Since the tank is rather boxy, it is very good at angling. Unlike the Churchill III, its gun isn't capable of taking on most other tanks of its rank. Its main role in the battlefield is to soak up and take shots, with its thick armour, that can withstand most tanks of its rank. In RB mode you will most likely have the Americans on your team, with the M10s and Shermans providing support for you. Main enemies for this tank would be the M10, the Achilles, and most Panzer IVs and StuGs.

The Churchill has heavy armour, especially when it is angled, but this certainly does not mean that it is invincible. In fact, there are a lot of guns around BR 3.0 that can destroy the Churchill, even at long range.

'''Germans'''

* Almost every RB/SB battle the British will be facing them. By far the most lethal tanks are the Panzer IVs with the long barrel 75 mm. They can penetrate the Churchill Mk I frontally at long range. Later versions of the Panzer IV also have armour which the Churchill's 40 mm will really struggle to penetrate at long range, putting the Churchill at a big disadvantage. The same applies to any vehicle armed with the long barrel 75 mm gun, including the [[StuG III F]]/[[StuG III G|G]] and [[Marder III H]].
* The [[8,8 cm Flak 37 Sfl.]] "Flak Truck" is a massive threat. The 88 mm gun will easily penetrate an unangled Churchill, and the explosive mass will knock out all your crew. Your 40 mm is subpar against the Flak Truck as it will have to take each crew member out individually due to the lack of post-penetration damage of the 2-pounder. Luckily, the Churchill Mk I has access to the 76 mm howitzer, which provides well needed explosive firepower. Aim for the ammo box at the back to quickly dispatch the Flak Truck.
* Watch out for tanks armed with HEAT (such as Panzer III/IVs with the short-barreled 75 mm), as it has up to 100 mm penetration. The [[StuH 42 G]] is also dangerous, with a powerful HE round and a high penetration HEAT round. Luckily, these tanks will have to close in to shorter ranges to effectively attack the Churchill Mk I, as their guns have poor ballistics. This means that Churchill's 40 mm gun will be more effective. Also, watch out for the [[Sd.Kfz.234/2]] or [[Sd.Kfz.234/4]]. These are vehicles based on the Puma armoured car. The 234/2 has a 50 mm and the 234/4 has a 75 mm gun. Both are excellent flanking vehicles, extremely fast and potent. They will easily outflank the slow Churchill, and destroy you from your less-armoured sides.

'''Soviets'''

* At medium to long range, the [[ZiS-30]] proves to be a real threat. it has a high penetration gun and is great at ambushing. Luckily, it has light armour and can be destroyed easily with the 76 mm howitzer or even with machine guns.
* Soviet armour is a bigger threat. Tanks like the [[T-34 (Family)|T-34]] are highly resistant to the 2-pdr gun due to their steep sloping armour. The L-11 gun on the [[T-34 (1940)]] will struggle to penetrate the Churchill, but the F-34 gun found on post-1940 versions is much more effective. Below 500 m, the F-34 guns can destroy the Churchill with its potent BR-350B APHEBC rounds or APCR rounds (though they do less damage). An even bigger threat is the [[KV-1 (Family)|KV-1]] type tanks. A Churchill vs a [[KV-1 (L-11)]] can end in a stalemate situation, as both tanks will struggle to penetrate the other frontally. However, later KV-1 models have the ZiS-5 gun, which is pretty much identical to the F-34 gun found on the T-34. There is also the German premium KV-1B which has upgraded armour but a weaker gun, which is a dangerous opponent and quite common despite being a premium vehicle.
* When fighting the T-34s aim for their turret weak spots or at the sides. On the T-34 (1940) and [[T-34 (1941)|(1941)]], aim for the flat spot on their sloped turret cheeks, or shoot below at the shot trap. This will either disable their turret crew or destroy them. When fighting the KV-1 frontally, you cannot do much damage against it unless you manage to get a lucky shot through their turret cheeks. Otherwise, let your teamates distract it, or use smokes, and flank so that you can shoot its less angled 75 mm sides.

'''Japanese'''

* Be careful of the [[Ho-Ro]] with its massive howitzer, or the [[Chi-Nu]] with its powerful 75 mm gun. However, they don't have much armour and you will be able to destroy both relatively easily.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent armour
** Almost immune to small calibre guns
** Well armoured sides and a strong mantlet, incredibly hard to dislodge or destroy when properly angled
** Large suspension sides have side hits more likely to break tracks than penetrate the hull
** Works well as the spearhead of an assault when capturing a point, absorbing damage
* Extremely fast-firing 40 mm gun, it will pretty much always get another shot off before the enemy does, making it easy to disable enemy tanks
* This Churchill can fire APHE shells with some post-penetration damage to finish off crippled tanks
* The Churchill's size, movement speed and shoulder stabilizer eliminates shake or recoil from the gun, making it easy to fire in any situation
* 76 mm howitzer can be used to obliterate open topped tanks or smoke out enemy positions at long ranges or even to cover allied retreats
* Although it is slow, it can move out of the way due to the good acceleration and ability to pivot steer

'''Cons:'''

* 40 mm gun is ineffective against anything with sloped or heavy armour
** Has difficulty engaging other heavy tanks
* Shell Mk.1 AP/T with explosive mass has a low penetration of 66 mm at best
* Up-gunned Panzer IVs ([[Pz.IV F2]], [[Pz.IV G]], etc.) will penetrate flat face with ease
* Rather poor mobility when compared to other heavy tanks from other nations
** Will take a lot of time just to reach the combat zone from spawn points
** Will lose a lot of speed when making a sharp turn in motion
** Terrible reverse speed
* Has a frontal 50 mm thick weak spot (machine gun port)
* Roof armour is very thin, attacks with stronger than usual HE can easily destroy this tank
** Priority target for planes due to the size and bad speed, can be removed with a single rocket from a good pilot
* Giant exposed tracks leave the tank incredibly vulnerable to being completely immobilized

== History ==

===Development===
The General Staff specification ''A20'' was implemented before World War II and was meant to replace the [[Matilda Mk II|Matilda II]] and [[Valentine Mk XI|Valentine]] infantry tanks. The specification was based around the British infantry tank doctrine and with the expectation that the coming war would be based off the World War I trench warfare, thus the tank was needed to travel across unfavourable terrain and able to destroy enemy defenses and infantry obstacles. As speed and heavy firepower was not taken with priority, the vehicle was to have two 2-pounder gun on side sponson mounts with a coaxial machine gun, with another machine gun and smoke dischargers on the front hull, armour was about 60 mm on the turret. Four prototypes were made by June 1940 by Harland and Wolff. The front hull would see an upgrade in armament with a 3-inch howitzer during the prototype stages, the 43 ton tank had a 300 hp Meadows engine from the Covenanter tank and was made the tank underpowered. The A20 project was cancelled with the Battle of France, which saw the emergency evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force from Dunkirk that left a majority of their heavy equipment behind.

The Battle of France proved that the coming World War II was not going to be a stagnant battlefield like the trench warfare from World War I. The entire concept had to be redesigned and was done so by Henry Merrit, the director of Tank Design at Woolwich Arsenal. His new concept, the '''A22''' or '''Infantry Tank Mark IV Churchill''', was given to Vauxhall Motors in June 1940. War Office requested that the A22 be ready to enter production within the year due to growing pressure of a German invasion of Britain. The designs were ready in July 1940 and the first prototypes were made by December of the same year, production soon followed in June 1941. The rushed development was acknowledged in the company to being the cause of many faults and defects in the tank, but the demand by the government was so great that it must be carried out, with the expectation that the issues will be fixed during production. The Churchill tank suffered from an under-powered engine, weak armament, and mechanical issues. The weak armament from a 2-pounder was fixed with the arming of a 6-pounder on the Churchill, but the other issues caused poor performance of the Churchill in the battlefield. In fact, the Churchill production was almost cancelled in favour of the [[Cromwell (Family)|Cromwell]] due to its issues, but its usage in the Second Battle of El Alamein proved its value and kept it in service.

The Churchill would carry on the rest of the war as one of the most versatile tank design in British service, serving in many specialist roles other than its tank role. Altogether, a total of 7,568 Churchill units produced from 1941 to 1945, with 5,968 as tanks.

===Variants===
The Churchill, used in a multitude of roles, is made into many different variants. 12 different kinds of tank variants were produced for combat roles, with 11 more variants in specialized roles ranging from armoured personnel carrier, a bridge-layer, mine clearer, a [[Gun Carrier (3-in)]], flamethrower tank, and an armoured recovery vehicle.

===Combat usage===
The Churchill tank was first used in the Dieppe Raid in August 1942. While it was really a test on how an opposed landing would work, the 60 Churchill tanks to support the Canadian units suffered from mechanical issues, and those that did work are not able to penetrate past the sea wall due to impassable defenses. None of the Churchill tanks that landed returned from the beaches and with a 70% casualty rate, the raid's attempt to establish a beachhead was a failure.

The next use of the Churchill was in North Africa during the Second Battle of El Alamein. At this point, the Churchills have been upgraded to the '''Mk.III''' variants with 6-pounders as their main armament. The detachment, code named "King Force", help supported the 7th Motor Brigade in their attack. The Churchills were fired upon by many German anti-tank weapons, but none were taken out with only one receiving note worthy damage. "King Force", as a test bed for the feasibility of Churchills operating in the desert environment, was disbanded with the establishment of the 25th Army Tank Brigade with the Churchills to see action in February 1943 in Tunisia. In the German offensive Operation Ochsenkpf, two Churchill Mk.III from the 51st Royal Tank Regiment came across an entire German transport column that they ambushed. The end result was a loss of twelve artillery pieces, 25 wheeled vehicles, two [[Panzer III]]s and 200 casualties on the German side with no losses for the British. The Churchill also played a key role in the Battle of Longstop Hill, where Churchill tanks in the 48th Royal Tank Regiment faced off with Germany's newest heavy tank [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]]. Though suffering losses, a lucky 6-pounder shot from the Churchill ended up jamming the Tiger's turret and turret ring that injured the crew, forcing them to abandon the tank. The Tiger tank was captured by the British for intelligence purpose on Germany's armoured forces. The Tiger Tank is named Tiger 131.

After the North African campaign, the Churchill began to see widespread usage in the British army as a support unit for the infantry. The Churchill saw much more operation hours than any other British tank in service. It was at this point that the Churchill Mk.III began a conversion into the 75 mm guns that were used on the American [[M4|M4 Sherman]] tanks. These conversions, known as NA75, proved to be more efficient than the Shermans and were used more effectively. Some Churchills were also converted into close support vehicles with 95 mm howitzers as their main armaments. In response to the growing German anti-tank firepower in the later years of World War II, the Churchill tanks were also upgraded in armour by a large degree, though their engines were also upgraded to compensate for the additional weight. The [[Churchill VII]], for example, has armour ranging up to 152 mm thick in the front, in comparison to the Mk.III 89 mm thick front hull. The Churchills also saw service in Europe during Operation Overlord. At the time, it was considered that the Churchill would become severely outdated with the growing tank technology, so an experimental program under specification A43, otherwise known as the [[Black Prince]], to uparmour and upgun the Churchill. While this experimented seem fruitful, the development of more agile tanks with the same level of protection and armament such as the [[Centurion Mk 3|Centurion]] rendered the project obsolete.

The Churchills were also given out to the Allies to help combat the Axis forces. The Australian Army received a handful of Churchills for testing alongside the M4 Sherman with the Matilda II as the basis, to which proved that the Churchill was superior in jungle warfare. Of the 510 Churchills ordered by the Australians in the war, only 46 arrived in time and were not used in the Pacific War, the rest were cancelled with the end of World War II. The USSR also used the Churchills given by the British as part of the Lend-Lease act. 301 Churchills were sent, but 43 were lost to the sea by German naval forces. Of those that arrived, the Soviets gave the Churchills to the 5th Guards Tank Army in the Battle of Prokhorovka during the Kursk Offensive.

After World War II, the Churchill stuck around in the British Army until the Korean War, where the British sent the Churchill Crocodile Squadron (C squadron of the 7th Royal Tank Regiment) to Korea to fight with the Allied coalition. They fought as gun tanks in battle such as the Third Battle of Seoul. The Churchills were instrumental in some victories and were widely praised by both British and American forces and historians. After the Korean war, the Churchills remains in combat service until 1952, with the specialized bridge-layer variant staying until the 1970s. The Irish Army also received three Churchill tanks in 1948 and another in 1949 as rentals until 1954, where they were purchased after trials with the vehicles. Despite running out of spare parts for the Churchill, the Irish Army took them in and experimented with using different engines to keep them functional, though this ended with a failure and by 1967, only one was still functional. All were retired in 1969 and one was preserved at the Curragh Camp.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_a_22_mk_1_churchill_1941 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|gR3JPNt0iPw|'''Heavyweight Brits''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:32 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|zGxTG16T4Bs|'''Churchill Mk I- Out of place''' - ''Oxy''}}

== See also ==


* [[Matilda (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4793-vehicle-profile-a22-churchill-mk-i-first-of-its-breed-en|[Vehicle Profile] A22 Churchill Mk I - "First of Its Breed"]]

{{TankManufacturer Vauxhall}}
{{Britain heavy tanks}}

PTL02

2023-11-25T14:26:34Z

U104930763: /* Description */ link to AMX

{{Specs-Card
|code=cn_ptl_02
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (Simplified Chinese: PTL02 轮式突击炮; lit. wheeled assault gun) is the first wheeled assault gun in PLAGF service as part of the modernization and mechanization of PLAGF by the late 1990s. The plans for a wheeled assault gun sprung up after seeing the performance of Coalition forces during the game-changing Gulf War when French [[AMX-10RC]] utilized the road network to assault Iraqi forces; before the Gulf War, PLAGF was testing the possibility to built such vehicles with the new WZ551 chassis based on Sino-German product from NORINCO Factory 256, two such vehicles were built under different caliber (smoothbore 100 mm and rifled 105 mm respectively); while the duo didn't make it into official development, the advances in technology in national defense industry and possible landing operations gave the second chance for the 100 mm prototype to utilize the extensive road network of enemies. The result of the 1997 version assault gun became what is now known as the PTL02 certified in October 2001 and was first publicly shown during National Day parade in 2009 as part a fire-support platform for artillery troops, while another prototype with 105 mm gun might likely been developed into the export-only [[WMA301]].

Introduced in [[Update "Ixwa Strike"]] as Chinese's first wheeled assault gun in-game, the PTL02 is based on the WZ551 6x6 chassis developed in early 1990s shared with the ZSL92 armoured personnel carrier. Having subpar speed compared to contemporary wheeled vehicles (at 85 km/h on road) and paper-thin protection, it might not be a first rate flanker like the [[Centauro (Family)|Centauro]] or [[Rooikat Mk.1D]]. It is still significantly faster than most other PLAGF/ROCA tracked vehicles. Armed with a high velocity 100 mm smoothbore anti-tank gun, its stock APFSDS can penetrate 220 mm of flat RHA at point-blank range and its unlockable DYW PT-86-100 APFSDS boasts up to 381 mm of penetration. This vehicle has thermal sights with acceptable resolution in addition to a laser rangefinder, which can be precious at its BR since they significantly speed up the seek and destroy process. The PTL02 is less forgiving than other wheeled light tanks, but despite its shortcomings in armour, it still offers valuable scouting and flanking abilities that complement other Chinese vehicles well.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


One of the major drawbacks of this vehicle is the poor protection against any calibre bigger than 12.7 mm since only the turret has more than 20 mm of armour to stop heavy machine gun rounds from some range. Other than that, it's 5 to 10 mm of armour all around. Avoid anything with a HMG or any autocannon vehicles (including aircraft) at all costs, because it is very likely you will not have a second chance to return fire and knock the enemy out.

The PTL02's large profile (it is taller than a [[Leopard 2]]) does it no favours when it comes to avoiding fire, but the combination of thin armour and large, empty volume will occasionally frustrate enemies firing subcalibre rounds. Penetration is essentially guaranteed, but minimal spalling is created and a hastily aimed shot may not catch many crew members or important modules in the line of fire. On the other hand, HE shells with a high explosive mass will often transmit shockwaves into the vehicle's interior and knock out the crew with pressure damage. Other chemical rounds like HEAT and HESH might inflict overpressure damage but with a much lower probability. Bombs, rockets, and artillery shells are similarly dangerous.

There is a large empty area below the turret ring which may absorb quite some shells. Unfortunately, most of the times said space will have ammunition placed vertically on the sides. Such placement of shells greatly increase their profile and thus will be more likely to get hit and detonate. If there is no ammo there, the empty space will be safer.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 10 mm (33°) ''Driver viewport glacis'' <br> 10 mm (78°) ''Upper Glacis'' <br> 10 mm (40°) ''Lower Glacis'' || 8 mm (25°) ''Top'' <br> 10 mm (6°) ''Bottom'' <br> 8 mm (27°)''Wheelwells'' || 6 mm (4°) ''Upper plate'' <br> 6 mm (48°) ''Lower glacis'' || 10 mm (12°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 6 mm ''Driver hatch'' <br> 6 mm'' Centre''
|-
| Turret || 30 mm (31°) ''Turret front'' <br> 20 mm (29°) ''Turret Cheeks'' <br> 30 mm (0°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 20 mm (23°) ''Frontal'' <br> 20 mm (9°) ''Rear'' || 15 mm (14°) || 10 mm (12°) <br> 10 mm (13°) ''Centre''
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" | 10 mm (cylindrical) || 10 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* 5 mm structural steel storage boxes covering the turret rear
* Gun mantlet consists of cast homogeneous armour
* Wheels are 10 mm thick

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=496|rbMinHp=283}}

Powered by a licensed BF8L413F 325 hp diesel engine from Germany, the PTL02 can reach up to 85 km/h (and -8 km/h in reverse) on roads. This vehicle still lags behind almost all wheeled assault guns in the game (only the [[M1128]] has a worse power-to-weight ratio). This exacerbates the common problem of wheeled vehicles performing worse on soft terrain. Another negative aspect of the PTL02's mobility is the absurdly slow reverse speed of only -7 km/h, meaning it lacks the agility wheeled vehicles should have and will not be able to quickly back out from danger. The PTL02 will not be able to match the [[Centauro]] for example in terms of zipping in and out of cover and climbing to unusual vantage points.

To make the most out of the good top speed, it will need to navigate on hard terrain (roads, urban surfaces) for best results. If the PTL02 must be used on hilly and soft terrain maps, try your best not to get stuck since the lack of mobility will absolutely be the death sentence of this vehicle.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|PTP86 (100 mm)}}

The 100 mm PTP-86 smoothbore gun found on this vehicle was a improvement on the earlier Soviet based PTP-73 (Type 73) AT gun with the same calibre with NATO alloy technologies (which came from L7A3 then domesticated as ZPT-79). The PTP-86 has similar performance as the [[Type 69]]'s gun and players can get used to it fairly quickly. Bear in mind the poor gun depression. It has a significantly faster turret rotation than the Type 69, which is a plus.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PTP86 (100 mm)|100 mm PTP86]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 30 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+18° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 24.8 || 34.3 || 41.6 || 46.0 || 48.9 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 15.5 || 18.2 || 22.1 || 24.4 || 26.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:PTP86 (100 mm)/Ammunition|Type 71 APDS-FS, Type 71 HE, Type 1973 HEAT-FS, DYW PT86-100}}

The PTL02 has a similar ammunition selection as the [[Type 69]], with the exception of the DYW PT86-100 APFSDS round. The stock Type 71 APFSDS with 219 mm of flat penetration at 10 m is worse than many AP/APHE rounds. The low penetration will not impact gameplay a lot if you are in a downtier or facing opponents of equal battle-rating. Common Cold War vehicles such as the [[Leopard 1 (Family)|Leopard 1]], [[OF-40 (Family)|OF-40]], [[Centauro (Family)|Centauro]], etc. are all weakly armoured and will easily get penetrated. However against heavy tanks like the [[Maus]], [[M103]], [[T-10A|T-10]], etc. this APFSDS will struggle even when hitting their weak spots. It also suffers noticeable drop-off at long distances. Type 71 APDS-FS does have a few good qualities: it has a good muzzle velocity of 1,505 m/s and the angled penetration is decent considering the flat penetration, topping out at 127 mm @ 60 degrees. For comparison, the [[T-55A]]'s 3BM25 APFSDS round has far superior flat penetration (up to 335 mm) but only has slightly higher angled penetration (up to 129 mm @ 60 degrees). Type 71 APDS-FS penetrates sloped armour more effectively than flat armour, rather like long rod APFSDS rounds. The post-penetration damage is nothing to write home about but still workable. Spalling is poor, but the round tends to stay intact after penetration and is quite good at detonating ammo racks and knocking out crew members if they are in the line of fire. Memorize the module layouts of enemy tanks to efficiently cripple and destroy them as the PTL02 cannot withstand return fire.

The Type 71 HE shell is weak and should be ignored. It has a low explosive content and might be able to cause pressure damage to light targets, but not consistently. Any vehicle with more than paper-thin armour will be immune to it.

The unlockable Type 1973 HEAT-FS is a Tier III modification. Familiar to [[Type 59]] or [[Type 69]] users, it has the same penetration performance as the T-55A's 3BK17M HEATFS with a lower TNT equivalent and a slightly lower muzzle velocity. 390 mm of flat penetration at any distance is impressive and will slice through almost all tanks lacking special armour types (spaced, reactive, composite). While it lacks the extra high velocity of the APFSDS and can be detonated by bushes or fences, the HEATFS is still good for dealing with heavy targets that the APFSDS can't penetrate. The explosive content is rather low but it might trigger overpressure damage occasionally against light targets. Post-penetration damage is somewhat inconsistent, so again, aim for crew members and ammo racks.

The DYW PT86-100 APFSDS round, introduced in [[Update "Red Skies"]], is the best option overall and comes as a tier IV researchable modification. With an even higher velocity at 1,610 m/s than Type 71 APDS-FS, it has wonderful penetration for the PTL02's rank and battle rating: 381 mm of flat penetration and 220 mm of 60-degree penetration at point-blank is on the level of the M774 and M833 rounds used by the [[IPM1|IPM1 Abrams]]! Very few opponents that the PTL02 faces can possibly resist this round, and even if used in lineups higher than 8.0, it fares well against relatively tough opponents like the [[T-72A]]. Once this round is unlocked, the PTL02's cannon becomes significantly more competitive and easy to use. Together with the linkage of rangefinder and gun sight, this round can prove its capabilities in the battlefield without having to worry about where to aim at its BR. Keep in mind that it costs 210 Silver Lions per shot, so firing it excessively can get expensive; make the shots count.

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! 5th<br>rack empty
! 6th<br>rack empty
! 7th<br>rack empty
! 8th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''30''' || 26 ''(+4)'' || 24 ''(+6)'' || 19 ''(+11)'' || 17 ''(+13)'' || 12 ''(+18)'' || 10 ''(+20)'' || 7 ''(+23)'' || 1 ''(+29)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|QJC88A (12.7 mm)|Type 86 (7.62 mm)}}

The turret-mounted 12.7 mm QJC88A HMG has already become the standardized HMG for most PLAGF vehicles after the 1990s. The main usage of the HMG is to deal with lightly protected vehicles and low-flying aircraft including helicopters. It can also effectively damage gun barrels, tracks, optics, MG, and ERA to assist teammates in destroying enemies, though this may require a lot of fire. Players who dealt with the paltry 50-round belt capacity of the 12.7 mm DShK machine guns of previous PLA vehicles will be happy to know that the QJC88A has a much more generous 150-round belt capacity.

The 7.62 mm MG, on the other hand, is only useful in clearing obstacles such as fences, marking out enemy positions on the minimap, or knocking out exposed crew on certain vehicles (e.g. M113 TOW). It lacks the penetration to pierce through even lightly-armoured vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[QJC88A (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm QJC88A]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 600 (150) || 600 || -6°/+85° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 86 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Type 86]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,000 (250) || 700 || - || -
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

Being a wheeled vehicle and the very first wheeled assault gun of the Chinese tech tree, the PTL02's main advantages lie in its mobility and gun sight.

With its 85 km/h speed, flanking is the key to avoid any direct fire from pretty much any vehicle armed with at least a heavy machine gun. Because of the negligible protection found on this vehicle, take all precautions and avoid rushing into direct fire at all costs, you will not have the luxury of having the second chance to return fire. Being one of the slowest wheeled assault guns in the game, taking vantage points might not be possible considering the inferior top speed that only gets worse in off-road situations. The thin armour and poor reverse speed punish poor positioning, so think carefully about what spots allow the PTL02 to spot and engage enemies without being overly exposed to incoming fire. Complicated terrains are problematic for this vehicle and it tends to do better in urban combat. Any aircraft is a lethal threat, with either guns or rockets, so keep away from their sight. Use smoke grenades to mask your position if there are no buildings or other forms of large cover to hide behind. Helicopters in particular will have an easy time spotting and destroying the PTL02, so do not attract their attention and only make use of the heavy machine gun if they get very close.

The Type 71 APDS-FS comes stock, although it is enough to deal with earlier Cold War MBTs like [[Leopard 1 (Family)|Leopard 1]] and [[AMX-30 (Family)|AMX-30]], this stock round might meet American tanks with rounded hull like [[M48A1]] and the tougher [[M103]] which cause some trouble; in this case, bring some HEATFS to help deal with such vehicles. Otherwise, memorize the weak spots of enemy tanks and try to flank. Contemporary MBTs tend to have poor side armour and even a half decent angle of attack may be enough for the APFSDS to penetrate where typical APDS rounds could not. Once the better DYW PT86-100 APFSDS round has been researched, you are more likely to take down your enemies without too much concern on their protection with a whopping 381 mm penetration at point-blank. As discussed previously, aim for ammo racks and important crew members. If an injured enemy is still capable of returning fire, be very cautious and consider leaving them for teammates to clean up. Since the PTL02 is a relatively modern vehicle, dating from 2002, it has second generation thermal sights for the gunner with sufficient resolution to help players find targets at a good distance. With the automatic ballistic solution of the FCS, the PTL02 is a mobile sniper that cause severe damage to the enemy team. Caution and planning are still needed to compensate for its faults, but once the PTL02 is in a good position, its thermal sights and railgun-like top APFSDS allow it to send enemies to hangar efficiently.

One phenomenon to notice is that the PTL02 suffers from severe hull wobbling. This will not impact the gun handling as it is equipped with a two-plane stabiliser, however scouting will be negatively affected. The commander's binoculars is not stabilised in any way and will therefore shake around. The wobbles will be especially noticeable when the PTL starts breaking and reaches a halt due to the bouncy suspension. The binoculars will greatly wobble up and down and will only be completely stable after stopping for ~4 seconds, throwing off the crosshair which may cause the scout to fail and you will have to wait for the long cool-down time.

'''Tank Assault:'''

You might want to grind out critical modifications (e.g. thermal optics, HEATFS, engine) of the PTL02 in Assault before joining PvP matches, but note that a fully stock PTL02 behaves very poorly even in Arcade mode, as it lacks everything for a light vehicle: poor armour, weak mobility, bad reverse, and even disappointing firepower. The PTL02's acceleration is quite sluggish on most terrains, often needing ~7 seconds to reach around 40 km/h. The reverse speed is also painfully slow for a wheeled vehicle. But usually the PTL02 is able to get to a position quickly before the AI waves spawn. Its armour does not offer any means of protection, the AI tanks' cannons, roof-mounted .50 cals, and the AI planes' rockets and bombs can all easily knock out the PTL02 instantly. Its spacious interior, however, may lead to some shells dealing minimal damage, lengthening the PTL's surviving time to a limited extent. The firepower is also a huge drawback. The slow reload of 9 seconds means that you must make every shell count, but the absurdly large spread of the stock Type 71 APDS-FS is something one cannot control. Beyond ~400 m, the dart can land anywhere around the crosshair which significantly reduces the PTL's ability to defend AI waves from a distance. The post-penetration effect is poor too, a taking out targets in one shot usually takes an ammo detonation or a lined-up crew shot. Perhaps the only advantages of the PTL02 in assault is the nice gunsight zoom and its BR, allowing it to always downtier and fight vehicles from earlier times.

At the start of an Assault match, quickly rush to a good position. It is better to familiarise yourself with spots that allow you to face enemies from one direction only, as with any other tank in Assault. Make the most out of the early waves where light and medium tanks are present. While you reload, fire off some shots from your roof-mounted HMG at the AI's tracks and gun barrel. This may not destroy the module effectively but can at least damage them, granting you assists when teammates finish them off. Hard targets to destroy are post-war heavy tanks such as [[IS-3]] and [[T32]]. The accuracy of its PTP86 gun is sufficient to snipe enemies at longer ranges, but make sure to pick the most suitable shell for you need (HEAT-FS or APFSDS depending on your research progress); in most cases of its battle rating, the gun can make sure your shot lands on your intended position thanks to the automatic ballistic solution.

Although being sluggish when stock, the PTL02 can still drive faster than some other stock teammates on hard surfaces or downhills, allowing it to quickly reposition itself. This can be advantageous when a wave of AI is about to break through friendly defence and cap the point, as the PTL02 can get to a supportive position in time to destroy some AI. However, being the first to face a swarm of AI, you usually will be targetted first and the thin armour will not provide any significant protection. Now you can try reversing out of a cover to expose only the back half of the hull, hiding the engine in cover. The empty space below the turret will absorb quite some shells. Do not forget to rush to a nearest repair point to instantly repair and rearm your damaged PTL02.

;Enemies worth noting

* [[Rooikat Mk.1D]], [[Centauro (Family)|Centauro]], [[M1128]]: these wheeled vehicles perform a similar flanking role on the battlefield. Therefore you will often encounter them while flanking or on your way to flank. These vehicles are generally faster, both forwards and backwards, have better gun depression or better optics/ammo, so they may already be at a cap point before you. If this is the case, ambush around their location and passively hunt them down, as the PTL02's rather slow acceleration and bad reverse prevents it from being offensive in terms of mobility. The Rooikat lacks thermal sights, making it easier to spot and destroy preemptively. The Centauro has stronger armour and a more spaced out crew layout. The M1128 can only be encountered in a full uptier and has an unmanned turret, good thermal sights for all crew members, and slat armour that occasionally interferes with HEATFS rounds.

* [[AMX-10RC]]: a contemporary French 6x6 wheeled light tank armed with a 105 mm gun, APFSDS rounds, and thermal sights for the gunner. The AMX-10RC has a rather low profile compared to other wheeled tanks and can be a dangerous sniper. Unlike the other wheeled vehicles mentioned previously, the AMX-10RC does not have any sort of gun stabilizer. Try to attack it when it is on the move and cannot shoot accurately.

* [[M60A1 RISE (P)]], [[Centurion Mk.5 AVRE]], [[Sho't Kal Dalet]]: these three medium tanks have good frontal armour and are equipped with ERA, so the HEATFS and stock Type 71 APDS-FS will have some difficulty in direct engagements. All three have hull side armour of at most 50 mm, so the best option is usually to get a slight flank and overmatch their side armour using the APFSDS. In a last resort frontal engagement, all of them can be targeted in the turret ring area, though that is a difficult shot. The Sho't Kal can be ammo-racked through the lower glacis and the AVRE has some ERA gaps around the gun mantlet. Shooting the AVRE in the lower glacis is possible but somewhat annoying due to the obscuring plow attachment, and it is also hard to hit the ammo racks below the turret basket. These problems disappear once the top APFSDS is unlocked, as it has more than enough power to penetrate the three tanks anywhere and at any distance.

* [[Gepard]], [[Type 87]], [[M3 Bradley]], [[BMP-2]], etc.: these vehicles are fast and armed with fully-stabilized autocannons that will very easily rip through the PTL02. Keep a safe distance and try to ambush them.

Overall, the PTL02 can be put to good use by players who are skilled with using APFSDS and HEATFS rounds, perhaps from prior experience on the [[Type 69]], and are willing to trade any semblance of armour for increased scouting abilities, better mobility, and a very powerful top APFSDS round. The combination of thermals, a stabilized gun, and HEATFS + both APFSDS can prove useful in many situations and is good training for the fast-paced combat seen at higher ranks.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High speed and agility on hard and even terrain
* Hard-hitting 100 mm cannon capable of firing powerful rounds
* Powerful DYW PT-86-100 APFSDS shell with 381 mm penetration which is very effective at its BR, still highly potent in uptiers
* Gunner thermal optics significantly boost its fighting capability, especially at night
* Fast turret traverse
* Laser rangefinder with automatic ballistic solution
* Two-plane stabiliser allows better targeting
* Roof-mounted 12.7 mm HMG is lethal against helicopters and light vehicles

'''Cons:'''

* Very thin armour, can be mowed down by common .50 cal MG frontally as well as knocked out by HE shells through overpressure
* Tall profile with prominent antenna
* Extremely slow reverse speed for a wheeled vehicle
* Suspension is soft and bouncy, hull wobbles severely when breaking to a stop
* As with other wheeled vehicles, poor mobility on soft or uneven terrain
* Poor gun depression (-4 degrees) renders it useless in hilly battlefields
* No thermal sight for commander
* Stock shell will struggle to penetrate many enemies
* Top APFSDS round is a tier IV modification
* Rear-mounted turret restricts overextending tactic

== History ==

In the early 1980s, Factory 256 (now known as NORINCO Chongqing Tiema Industrial Cooperation) started their version of a domestic wheeled APC program coded WZ551. The factory decided to build the APC based on the Mercedes-Benz 2026 off-road truck which has just been introduced into Mainland China, the program didn't go well as they decided later on to make major changes to the propulsion system and therefore the WZ551 was delayed. This delay caused the withdrawal of funding from the 7th 5-year project and Factory 256 needed to export this APC in order to recoup their investment. However, in 1986, the prototype of the WZ551 was approved by the PLAGF and was selected as their future wheeled APC. The WZ551's appearance resembled the French VAB APC, which may have influenced the former's design. It was approved for production in 1988 and designated as ZSL90 and later ZSL92 with improved propulsion. The WZ551A chassis was then designed to mount different weaponry ranging from riot-suppression equipment, mortar, IFV turret and anti-tank weaponry.

Just a few years prior to the official introduction of WZ551 and its variant, PLAGF kept their eyes on the development of wheeled assault guns from NATO countries, and Factory 256 was also among one of the factories that was asked to design a new domestic wheeled assault gun; they then opted for Type 86 100 mm AT gun as the main gun of their prototype Type 87 wheeled assault gun. While it didn't make it through state certifications, the PLAGF did saw how the extensive use of wheeled assault guns during the Gulf War helped the Coalition as a light, mobile gun platform while remaining less expensive to operate than conventional MBTs. Later, when the tension between Mainland China and the Taiwanese Government got more intense (the 2nd Taiwan Strait Crisis), PLAGF also found the potential of using a wheeled assault gun with the extensive and well-developed road network of Taiwan in view of the possible landing operations; thus WZ551A got a second chance. After some rapid development, PTL97 with 100 mm AT gun passed field tests, it was then further upgraded with a new image-stabilized FCS and some redesign of the main gun. The newly designed PTL02 finally passed state certification in October 2001 and was first publicly shown in the 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of PRC parade, as the 12th phalanx of the vehicle column in the parade. It serves as a quick response mobile gun platform for the artillery troops.

=== [[wt:en/news/7047-development-ptl02-chinese-wheels-en|Devblog]] ===
In the late 1980s, the NORINCO corporation successfully tested the Type 87 armoured vehicle. The prototype featured a 6x6 chassis of a prospective Type 90 armoured personnel carrier with a 100 mm anti-tank gun. The prototype vehicle successfully passed the tests, but was not put into service.

The army authorities returned to the project in the early 90s, when, in the course of modernization, the PLA began to form mobile motorized infantry formations. This was where the Type 87 researches came in handy: by 2003, on the same 6x6 chassis of the new Chinese armoured vehicles ZSL92 and ZSL92A, a PTL02 infantry support vehicle appeared with a 100 mm smooth-bore cannon in the turret. The 19-ton infantry fire support vehicle possessed significant mobility and a weapon capable of effectively destroying fortifications and armoured vehicles, except for modern MBTs.

Mass production of the PTL02 has been going on since 2004, the SPG is widely used by the Chinese army and is produced for [[WMA301|export in a version with a 105 mm gun]], unified for the use of Western-style ammunition.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=cn_ptl_02 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:PTL02 WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:PTL02 WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:PTL02 WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:PTL02 WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:PTL02 WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:PTL02 WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|chjZ6Hra--c|'''Best wheeled tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 01:47 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|MMCxWP5N75Q|'''A Simple Video On A Respectable Chinese Tank Destroyer''' - ''PhlyDaily''}}

== See also ==
Related development- WZ551

* [[WMA301]]- export version on the same chassis with NATO 105 mm gun and revised turret.
* [[AFT09]]- ATGM carrier based on the 4x4 WZ550 chassis

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Rooikat Mk.1D]]
* [[Centauro I 105]]
* [[AMX-10RC]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7047-development-ptl02-chinese-wheels-en|[Devblog] PTL02: Chinese Wheels]]

{{TankManufacturer Norinco}}
{{China light tanks}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

Breda 90/53

2023-11-18T16:02:37Z

U104930763: added links to see also

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_breda_52_autocannone
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Breda_90-53.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Sons of Attila"]] as a reward for [[Battle Pass: Season XIII, "Tropical Storm"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' <br> ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' <br> ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=163|rbMinHp=102}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|90/53 mod.41 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[90/53 mod.41 (90 mm)|90 mm 90/53 mod.41]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 30 || rowspan="2" | -2°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || 9.7 || 13.4 || 16.3 || 18.0 || 19.1 || rowspan="2" | 7.80 || rowspan="2" | 6.90 || rowspan="2" | 6.36 || rowspan="2" | 6.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 6.5 || 7.7 || 9.4 || 10.3 || 11.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:90/53 mod.41 (90 mm)/Ammunition|Granata Perforante da 90, Granata da 90, Granata Esplosiva mod.36R, Granata Perforante mod.43}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! 5th<br>rack empty
! 6th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''30''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Strong armour penetration
* Penetration of enemy targets will most likely result in a one-shot
* 30 rounds of ammo compared to the [[90/53 M41M]] with the same cannon
* Fast reload for it's caliber and penetration

'''Cons:'''

* Slow turret rotation speed
* Practically no armour
* Only -2 degrees of depression
* Forward firing arc is limited by the cabin
* Shots to the turret tend to knock out the breech

== History ==

=== Devblog History ===
Italian company “Ansaldo de Gênes Sampierdarena” began to develop a self-propelled anti-aircraft gun on a wheeled chassis in 1940, which paved the way to mount a 90 mm gun on a truck, with the arrangement allowing for the cannon to direct fire at enemy ground targets. The Breda 51 Coloniale (6x4) army truck was chosen as the main vehicle of choice, and after modifications were made, the official designation of Breda 52 was given. Production of this new vehicle commenced even before the testing phase had even finished in May 1941. By May 1943 a total of 120 of these vehicles were delivered to the Italian Army. The Breda 52 with the Cannone da 90/53 gun was used in battle in North Africa and also to defend Italy from the Allied invasion.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
'''Other vehicles of similar configuration and role:'''
*[[Breda 501]] - same gun on more armored chassis
*[[8,8 cm Flak 37 Sfl.]] - similiar German "flak-truck", more armored
*[[YaG-10 (29-K)]] - Soviet AA gun on truck chassis

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8526-development-battle-pass-vehicles-breda-9053-en|[Devblog] Battle pass vehicles: Breda 90/53]]

{{Italy tank destroyers}}
{{Italy premium ground vehicles}}

[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

M32K1 (76 mm)

2023-10-29T15:24:00Z

U104930763: /* Comparison with analogues */ +comparable cannon

Type 86 (73 mm)

2023-10-29T14:48:12Z

U104930763: /* General info */ added table + comparison (would be great to know exact base reload time of 2A28 on BMP-1P)

Type 63 (85 mm)

2023-10-29T14:13:43Z

U104930763: /* Available ammunition */ added table

Type-62-85-TC (85 mm)

2023-10-29T14:05:30Z

U104930763: /* Available ammunition */ added table+a bit about rounds availability

M48A1 (China)

2023-10-28T18:28:48Z

U104930763: forgot "and"

{{About
| about = medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = M48 Patton (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=cn_m48a1_patton_III
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Rear - low, Roof)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 85-200 mm (59-74°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 63-200 mm (13-60°) ''Lower glacis'' || 76 mm (8-43°) ''Front'' <br> 51 mm (0-43°) ''Rear'' || 35 mm (26-32°) ''Top'' <br> 25 mm (61-62°) ''Bottom'' || 25.4-57 mm
|-
| Turret || 127 mm (12-76°) ''Turret front'' <br> 152 + 82 mm (17-26°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 69-100 mm (12-36°) || 51-55 mm (2-71°) || 25-69 mm
|-
| Cupola || 70 mm || 70 mm || 70 mm || 70 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 38 mm in the front and 25 mm in the rear.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,255|rbMinHp=716}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M41 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M41 (90 mm)|90 mm M41]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 60 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+19° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 22.85 || 31.62 || 38.40 || 42.47 || 45.18 || rowspan="2" | 9.75 || rowspan="2" | 8.63 || rowspan="2" | 7.95 || rowspan="2" | 7.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.56 || 24.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M41 (90 mm)/Ammunition|M332 shot, T142E3, M82 shot, M431 shell, M71 shell, M313}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_M48A1.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the M48A1 (identical).]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! 5th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''60''' || 53 ''(+7)'' || 42 ''(+18)'' || 24 ''(+36)'' || 17 ''(+43)'' || 1 ''(+59)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled by sets of 2 and disappear from the rack after you've fired both shells in the set.
* Racks 4 and 5 are first stage ammo racks. They total 23 shells and get filled first when loading up the tank.
** These rack are also emptied early: the depletion order at full capacity is: 4 - 5 - 1 - 2 - 3.
** Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1-3 into rack 5 then 4. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready rack.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M73 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 600 (200) || 577 || -9°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M73 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M73]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 6,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The M48A1 plays as a general medium tank, acting as a jack-of-all-trades in all of the tank's traits with average armour, firepower, and mobility.

The M48A1 front hull glacis and turret are the strong points of the tank and have the best chance on the tank to bounce off rounds. However, its lower glacis and side armour remain a significant weak point for the tank, so take extra caution when exposing those weak points.

One of the best ways to use this tank when a player does not have access to its HEATFS round is to refrain from using it as a brawler. This is because most of the shells that this tank has in its arsenal, do not have the ample firepower to eliminate most of the targets it faces at its BR. However, since the tank is incredibly mobile, it can be used as an excellent flanker. It can out-manoeuvre most of its medium tank rivals and expose their side armours.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good firepower:
** Powerful HEATFS round, can generally penetrate everything it meets
** M82 APCBC shells have low penetration, but has good explosive mass
** .50 calibre machine gun is good for use against lightly-armoured vehicles and aircraft
** Has access to a rangefinder, allowing quick measuring of distances
* Decent armour:
** Good sloped frontal armour
** Strong hull roof armour of 57 mm
** Good gun mantlet, virtually immune to APHE rounds
* Good overall mobility
* Has neutral steering

'''Cons:'''

* Armour can still be penetrated by the majority of the guns at this rank
* Large commander's cupola is a major weak spot, especially against APHE
* Turret roof is only 25 mm, can be penetrated by HMG armed aircraft
* Large profile
* Poor stock grind due to stock APCR round
* Gunner doesn't get access to NVD

== History ==


=== Scavenging "Patton" from scrap ===
Due to the impact of the Vietnam War, the United States changed its military aid policy to Taiwan. The United States no longer provided its surplus armaments for free to the ROC army, and instead required the ROC army to purchase equipment in the form of military aid loans. As a result, the progress of the national army's upgrade to newer American-made equipment began to stagnate.

Major General Richard G. Ciccolella, Chief of the US Military Assistance Advisory Group, Taiwan, requested for free or low-cost access to military equipment from the US Asia-Pacific garrison under the US military's "Major Item Material Excess" (MIMEX) program and "Military Assistance Program Excess" (MAP EXCESS) program. Excess or discarded weapons and equipment could be handed over to the ROC Army for them to repair and reacquire. The repair and reacquire program was formally implemented in 1968, and the National Army called the plan a "Diligence" program. On the other hand, the ROC Army had been responsible for the repairing of damaged equipment in the Vietnam War since 1967 as the US military elements stationed in Vietnam lacked the ability to overhaul tanks and other special purpose vehicles. Among these American equipment, the heavily damaged equipment that was too difficult to repair was recovered and acquired by the ROC army. This program is called the "Repair Assistance" program. These programs were the two main approaches for the ROC Army to obtain American-made equipment at that time.

In 1973, the National Army purchased 60 M48A1 "Patton" medium tanks from the United States in four batches through the program codenamed "Fire Bull". An additional 100 M48A1 tanks were purchased under the "Fire Bull I" program in late 1973. The first batch of 60 tanks is mainly equipped by the 711st Battalion, 1st Armored Brigade, and the additional 100 tanks purchased are spread across the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Armored Brigades. In 1977, the "Fire Bull II" project was implemented and 100 M48A1 tanks were purchased, these 100 tanks were equipped to the 51st Armored Brigade and the 64th Armored Brigade. Later in the same year, the last batch of 56 M48A2 tanks in US preserves were purchased. Before the purchase of M48A1 medium tanks, the ROC Army was only equipped with a number of M41 light tanks, therefore these M48A1 medium tanks constituted the backbone of the ROC Army's armoured forces.

''(Fire Bull or "火牛", refers to a historical story of sneak raid that used bulls on fire as pioneer)''

=== The ROCA upgrade project of M48 ===
The ROC Army Joint Logistics Command launched a series of plans for self-developed tanks and armoured vehicles in 1975, codenamed the "Wan Sheng" project. The "Wan Sheng IV" prototype was built under such a background and, imitating the M48A5 medium tank introduced by the United States in 1973. The Army expected to improve the combat effectiveness of its M48 tanks up to the standard of the US M60A1 tank by upgrading the old M48A1 to M48A5 standard. Compared with the M48A1, the "Wan Sheng IV" prototype had enhanced equipment such as the M68 105 mm cannon, IR night vision optics, and an optical rangefinder, but retains the original hull structure without further modification. Therefore, the "Wan Sheng IV" prototype is not as capable as the standard M48A5 in terms of reliability, endurance and fire control system. Since the Army still hoped to purchase M60 medium tanks directly from the United States at the time, only one vehicle was modified under the "Wan Sheng IV" project and it never saw mass production.

In 1978, Mainland China and the United States issued the "China-US Announcement on Solving the Issue of US Arms Sale to Taiwan", while in the following year, Republic of China formally severed diplomatic relations with the United States and the Sino-US Mutual Defense Treaty also expired at the end of 1979. Therefore, Taiwan could no longer obtain new weapons from the United States in the close future.

In the meantime, the M48A1/A2 medium tanks equipped by the national army were very outdated and the Army was particularly dissatisfied with the M48's original AVSI-1790-6 gasoline engine, believing that its reliability and range could not meet the demand. As the result, the Army Ordnance Industry Development Center under the Joint Logistics Command purchased a batch of AV-1790-2DM diesel engines to upgrade the power components of the M48 in service. The ROC Army designated these tanks as M48A3. However, this batch of tanks lacked the structural upgrade of the engine compartment like the standard M48A3. Not only did these tanks look different, their fire control systems and suspension systems were also inferior compared to the standard US M48A3 tanks. Therefore, the M48A3 tank modified by the national army is only a combination of the M48A1 and an upgraded power station.

''(Wan Sheng or "萬乘", meaning "thousands of combat vehicles", is a Chinese allusion referring to a powerful army and therefore a strong nation)''

=== CM11 and CM12 ===
After the failed attempt by the ROC Army to purchase M48A5 and "Magach III" tanks from Spain, South Africa and Israel, the imitation and transformation project for a new tank was launched again in 1984. The ROC Army's tank research and development center and General Dynamics jointly designed a second-generation main battle tank "Brave Tiger", designated as M48H (or CM11 later).

The "Brave Tiger" MBT is a hybrid of an enhanced M48 turret and a M60 chassis, equipped with a cutting-edge FCS that comes from the M1 Abrams. Therefore, "Brave Tiger" was designated as M48H (H for Hybrid). The Army Fighting Vehicle R&D Center purchased 450 M60 tank chassis for modification before the M60 production line ever shut down. The "Brave Tiger" tank began testing in 1988. It officially entered service in the ROC Army on April 14th, 1990.

The Army Ordnance Industry Development Center transformed a total number of 550 turrets. After 450 M48H tanks were assembled on the CM11 "Brave Tiger", the remaining 100 turrets were assigned to the old M48A3 tanks. These upgraded M48A3 tanks are known as CM12 MBTs. The Army Ordnance Industry Development Center continued to carry out the transformation of the M48A3 tank, and a total of 250 CM12 tanks were produced.

After the Taiwan Strait Missile Crisis in 1996, in order to curb the CCP's attempt to invade Taiwan by force, the United States sold 450 M60A3 tanks to Republic of China. At present time, the armoured combat forces of the Republic of China Army are mainly equipped with CM11 "Brave Tiger" MBTs and M60A3 MBTs. Due to lack of reliability, most of the CM12 tanks are stored as reserve forces.

=== PLA's evaluation of captured ARVN M48A3 ===
After North Vietnam and the Viet Cong defeated the Republic of Vietnam, the Vietnamese Defense Minister Võ Nguyên Giáp presented a personal gift of a batch of US-made weapons including M48A3 tanks and M113 APCs to Chinese Defense Minister Ye Jianying. After evaluating the M48A3 tank, the Armored Forces Technology Research Institute, which is responsible for the R&D of armoured vehicles in mainland China, believed that the M48A3 medium tank has many advantages over the Type 59 tank in service. With the advancement of the PRC's military industry, technical advantages of the M48A3 tank such as steering wheel control system, air-cooled engines, and hydraulic transmissions were rapidly absorbed by subsequently produced domestic tanks.

The captured ARVN M48A3 tank is currently on public display in the Family Courtyard No. 4, Huaishuling, Fengtai District, Beijing.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=cn_m48a1_patton_III Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:ROCA-M48A3-1.jpg|thumbnail|x150px|Retired ROCA M48A3 at Keelung.
File:ROCA-M48A3-2.jpg|thumbnail|x150px|Retired ROCA M48A3 at Keelung.
File:ROCA-M48A3-3.jpg|thumbnail|x150px|Retired ROCA M48A3 at Keelung.
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Xwid3UCLr5U|'''The Patton Family''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 7:59 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


;Related development
* [[M48 Patton (Family)]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{TankManufacturer Chrysler Defense}}
{{China medium tanks}}

M48A1 (China)

2023-10-28T18:26:48Z

U104930763: /* PLA's evaluation of captured ARVN M48A3 */ CCP, as political party, has no industry, but country called PRC has. Also someone forgot main force in Vietnam unification

{{About
| about = medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = M48 Patton (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=cn_m48a1_patton_III
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Rear - low, Roof)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 85-200 mm (59-74°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 63-200 mm (13-60°) ''Lower glacis'' || 76 mm (8-43°) ''Front'' <br> 51 mm (0-43°) ''Rear'' || 35 mm (26-32°) ''Top'' <br> 25 mm (61-62°) ''Bottom'' || 25.4-57 mm
|-
| Turret || 127 mm (12-76°) ''Turret front'' <br> 152 + 82 mm (17-26°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 69-100 mm (12-36°) || 51-55 mm (2-71°) || 25-69 mm
|-
| Cupola || 70 mm || 70 mm || 70 mm || 70 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 38 mm in the front and 25 mm in the rear.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,255|rbMinHp=716}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M41 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M41 (90 mm)|90 mm M41]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 60 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+19° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 22.85 || 31.62 || 38.40 || 42.47 || 45.18 || rowspan="2" | 9.75 || rowspan="2" | 8.63 || rowspan="2" | 7.95 || rowspan="2" | 7.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.56 || 24.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M41 (90 mm)/Ammunition|M332 shot, T142E3, M82 shot, M431 shell, M71 shell, M313}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_M48A1.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the M48A1 (identical).]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! 5th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''60''' || 53 ''(+7)'' || 42 ''(+18)'' || 24 ''(+36)'' || 17 ''(+43)'' || 1 ''(+59)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled by sets of 2 and disappear from the rack after you've fired both shells in the set.
* Racks 4 and 5 are first stage ammo racks. They total 23 shells and get filled first when loading up the tank.
** These rack are also emptied early: the depletion order at full capacity is: 4 - 5 - 1 - 2 - 3.
** Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1-3 into rack 5 then 4. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready rack.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M73 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 600 (200) || 577 || -9°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M73 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M73]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 6,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The M48A1 plays as a general medium tank, acting as a jack-of-all-trades in all of the tank's traits with average armour, firepower, and mobility.

The M48A1 front hull glacis and turret are the strong points of the tank and have the best chance on the tank to bounce off rounds. However, its lower glacis and side armour remain a significant weak point for the tank, so take extra caution when exposing those weak points.

One of the best ways to use this tank when a player does not have access to its HEATFS round is to refrain from using it as a brawler. This is because most of the shells that this tank has in its arsenal, do not have the ample firepower to eliminate most of the targets it faces at its BR. However, since the tank is incredibly mobile, it can be used as an excellent flanker. It can out-manoeuvre most of its medium tank rivals and expose their side armours.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good firepower:
** Powerful HEATFS round, can generally penetrate everything it meets
** M82 APCBC shells have low penetration, but has good explosive mass
** .50 calibre machine gun is good for use against lightly-armoured vehicles and aircraft
** Has access to a rangefinder, allowing quick measuring of distances
* Decent armour:
** Good sloped frontal armour
** Strong hull roof armour of 57 mm
** Good gun mantlet, virtually immune to APHE rounds
* Good overall mobility
* Has neutral steering

'''Cons:'''

* Armour can still be penetrated by the majority of the guns at this rank
* Large commander's cupola is a major weak spot, especially against APHE
* Turret roof is only 25 mm, can be penetrated by HMG armed aircraft
* Large profile
* Poor stock grind due to stock APCR round
* Gunner doesn't get access to NVD

== History ==


=== Scavenging "Patton" from scrap ===
Due to the impact of the Vietnam War, the United States changed its military aid policy to Taiwan. The United States no longer provided its surplus armaments for free to the ROC army, and instead required the ROC army to purchase equipment in the form of military aid loans. As a result, the progress of the national army's upgrade to newer American-made equipment began to stagnate.

Major General Richard G. Ciccolella, Chief of the US Military Assistance Advisory Group, Taiwan, requested for free or low-cost access to military equipment from the US Asia-Pacific garrison under the US military's "Major Item Material Excess" (MIMEX) program and "Military Assistance Program Excess" (MAP EXCESS) program. Excess or discarded weapons and equipment could be handed over to the ROC Army for them to repair and reacquire. The repair and reacquire program was formally implemented in 1968, and the National Army called the plan a "Diligence" program. On the other hand, the ROC Army had been responsible for the repairing of damaged equipment in the Vietnam War since 1967 as the US military elements stationed in Vietnam lacked the ability to overhaul tanks and other special purpose vehicles. Among these American equipment, the heavily damaged equipment that was too difficult to repair was recovered and acquired by the ROC army. This program is called the "Repair Assistance" program. These programs were the two main approaches for the ROC Army to obtain American-made equipment at that time.

In 1973, the National Army purchased 60 M48A1 "Patton" medium tanks from the United States in four batches through the program codenamed "Fire Bull". An additional 100 M48A1 tanks were purchased under the "Fire Bull I" program in late 1973. The first batch of 60 tanks is mainly equipped by the 711st Battalion, 1st Armored Brigade, and the additional 100 tanks purchased are spread across the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Armored Brigades. In 1977, the "Fire Bull II" project was implemented and 100 M48A1 tanks were purchased, these 100 tanks were equipped to the 51st Armored Brigade and the 64th Armored Brigade. Later in the same year, the last batch of 56 M48A2 tanks in US preserves were purchased. Before the purchase of M48A1 medium tanks, the ROC Army was only equipped with a number of M41 light tanks, therefore these M48A1 medium tanks constituted the backbone of the ROC Army's armoured forces.

''(Fire Bull or "火牛", refers to a historical story of sneak raid that used bulls on fire as pioneer)''

=== The ROCA upgrade project of M48 ===
The ROC Army Joint Logistics Command launched a series of plans for self-developed tanks and armoured vehicles in 1975, codenamed the "Wan Sheng" project. The "Wan Sheng IV" prototype was built under such a background and, imitating the M48A5 medium tank introduced by the United States in 1973. The Army expected to improve the combat effectiveness of its M48 tanks up to the standard of the US M60A1 tank by upgrading the old M48A1 to M48A5 standard. Compared with the M48A1, the "Wan Sheng IV" prototype had enhanced equipment such as the M68 105 mm cannon, IR night vision optics, and an optical rangefinder, but retains the original hull structure without further modification. Therefore, the "Wan Sheng IV" prototype is not as capable as the standard M48A5 in terms of reliability, endurance and fire control system. Since the Army still hoped to purchase M60 medium tanks directly from the United States at the time, only one vehicle was modified under the "Wan Sheng IV" project and it never saw mass production.

In 1978, Mainland China and the United States issued the "China-US Announcement on Solving the Issue of US Arms Sale to Taiwan", while in the following year, Republic of China formally severed diplomatic relations with the United States and the Sino-US Mutual Defense Treaty also expired at the end of 1979. Therefore, Taiwan could no longer obtain new weapons from the United States in the close future.

In the meantime, the M48A1/A2 medium tanks equipped by the national army were very outdated and the Army was particularly dissatisfied with the M48's original AVSI-1790-6 gasoline engine, believing that its reliability and range could not meet the demand. As the result, the Army Ordnance Industry Development Center under the Joint Logistics Command purchased a batch of AV-1790-2DM diesel engines to upgrade the power components of the M48 in service. The ROC Army designated these tanks as M48A3. However, this batch of tanks lacked the structural upgrade of the engine compartment like the standard M48A3. Not only did these tanks look different, their fire control systems and suspension systems were also inferior compared to the standard US M48A3 tanks. Therefore, the M48A3 tank modified by the national army is only a combination of the M48A1 and an upgraded power station.

''(Wan Sheng or "萬乘", meaning "thousands of combat vehicles", is a Chinese allusion referring to a powerful army and therefore a strong nation)''

=== CM11 and CM12 ===
After the failed attempt by the ROC Army to purchase M48A5 and "Magach III" tanks from Spain, South Africa and Israel, the imitation and transformation project for a new tank was launched again in 1984. The ROC Army's tank research and development center and General Dynamics jointly designed a second-generation main battle tank "Brave Tiger", designated as M48H (or CM11 later).

The "Brave Tiger" MBT is a hybrid of an enhanced M48 turret and a M60 chassis, equipped with a cutting-edge FCS that comes from the M1 Abrams. Therefore, "Brave Tiger" was designated as M48H (H for Hybrid). The Army Fighting Vehicle R&D Center purchased 450 M60 tank chassis for modification before the M60 production line ever shut down. The "Brave Tiger" tank began testing in 1988. It officially entered service in the ROC Army on April 14th, 1990.

The Army Ordnance Industry Development Center transformed a total number of 550 turrets. After 450 M48H tanks were assembled on the CM11 "Brave Tiger", the remaining 100 turrets were assigned to the old M48A3 tanks. These upgraded M48A3 tanks are known as CM12 MBTs. The Army Ordnance Industry Development Center continued to carry out the transformation of the M48A3 tank, and a total of 250 CM12 tanks were produced.

After the Taiwan Strait Missile Crisis in 1996, in order to curb the CCP's attempt to invade Taiwan by force, the United States sold 450 M60A3 tanks to Republic of China. At present time, the armoured combat forces of the Republic of China Army are mainly equipped with CM11 "Brave Tiger" MBTs and M60A3 MBTs. Due to lack of reliability, most of the CM12 tanks are stored as reserve forces.

=== PLA's evaluation of captured ARVN M48A3 ===
After North Vietnam the Viet Cong defeated the Republic of Vietnam, the Vietnamese Defense Minister Võ Nguyên Giáp presented a personal gift of a batch of US-made weapons including M48A3 tanks and M113 APCs to Chinese Defense Minister Ye Jianying. After evaluating the M48A3 tank, the Armored Forces Technology Research Institute, which is responsible for the R&D of armoured vehicles in mainland China, believed that the M48A3 medium tank has many advantages over the Type 59 tank in service. With the advancement of the PRC's military industry, technical advantages of the M48A3 tank such as steering wheel control system, air-cooled engines, and hydraulic transmissions were rapidly absorbed by subsequently produced domestic tanks.

The captured ARVN M48A3 tank is currently on public display in the Family Courtyard No. 4, Huaishuling, Fengtai District, Beijing.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=cn_m48a1_patton_III Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:ROCA-M48A3-1.jpg|thumbnail|x150px|Retired ROCA M48A3 at Keelung.
File:ROCA-M48A3-2.jpg|thumbnail|x150px|Retired ROCA M48A3 at Keelung.
File:ROCA-M48A3-3.jpg|thumbnail|x150px|Retired ROCA M48A3 at Keelung.
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Xwid3UCLr5U|'''The Patton Family''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 7:59 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


;Related development
* [[M48 Patton (Family)]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{TankManufacturer Chrysler Defense}}
{{China medium tanks}}

CM11

2023-10-28T17:55:06Z

U104930763: /* Production and Service */ CCP, as any other political party, can't invade anywhere, that's the task of PLA

{{Specs-Card
|code=cn_cm11
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''', also known as the M48H (Hybrid) and commonly referred to as "勇虎" (Brave Tiger), has served as the MBT of the ROCA since the 1990s. The decision to acquire new tanks arose from the need to replace the ageing fleet of M48A1s. In the late 1980s, the ROCA purchased several hundred [[M60A3 TTS (China)|M60A3 TTS]], and plans were made to upgrade the existing fleet of Pattons by utilizing spare hulls obtained from the United States. The result was a hybrid tank, combining an M60A3 hull, M48A5 turret, and an M1 Abrams-equivalent FCS. Additionally, some spare M48A5 turrets were mounted on a few dozen M48A1s, resulting in the CM12 variant. The initial batches of these hybrid tanks became the spearhead of the ROCA's armored corps, particularly intended to counter potential PLA landing operations. The CM11 has faithfully served for over three decades, but may soon be replaced by the M1A2T from the United States. This particular representation of the CM11 is equipped with an experimental French GIAT ERA package, providing enhanced protection against chemical shells.

Introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]], the CM11 is a Taiwanese upgrade to the [[M60A3 TTS (China)|M60A3]], and is currently the most modern tank in active service with the Republic of China Army. It is a mating of the M60 chassis with the turret from the [[M48A1 (China)|M48 Patton]], with a unique pagoda-like ERA array on the turret sides. Though its mobility and kinetic protection are poor, it has the same 105 mm gun as the [[M1 Abrams]], so if used carefully, the CM11 can do some serious damage with its thermal sight and powerful DM63 APFSDS.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


The CM11 combines the hull of an M60 Patton with the turret of an M48 Patton, and as such, the base turret and hull armour are mostly identical to these two tanks, respectively. The M48's bulbous cupola has been replaced with a low-profile version. The armour is quite resistant to APHE rounds and autocannons, but the vast majority of opponents at its rank use HEATFS and APFSDS rounds that can cut through steel like butter. To counter the former, the CM11 is slathered with ERA and can generally survive the first shot from most HEATFS rounds. However, the ERA offers close to no protection against APFSDS rounds, which are the round of choice in top rank battles.

Post-penetration survivability is also questionable. It lacks blowout racks and ammunition is scattered around the tank, so successful penetrations can reduce the CM11 to a fiery grave.

'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Rear roof, Engine grille)
* Structural steel (Spaced armour)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 108 mm (66°) ''Front Glacis'' <br> 137 mm (55°) ''Lower Glacis''|| 36 - 70 mm || 25 mm (1°) ''Engine Grille'' <br> 40 mm (31°) ''Top'' <br> 28 mm (61°) ''Bottom'' || 36 mm ''Front'' <br> 20 mm ''Engine deck''
|-
| Turret || 140-240 mm (Variable thickness, 12-76°) ''Turret front'' <br> 152 mm (25-30°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 69-100 mm (12-36°) || 51-55 mm (2-71°) || 25-69 mm
|-
| Cupola || colspan="4" style="text-align: center;" | 25.4 mm (18-67°)
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! Explosive reactive armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides
|-
| Hull || '''Upper glacis:''' <br> 5 mm ''Kinetic'' / 370 mm ''Chemical'' <br> '''Lower glacis:''' <br> 5 mm ''Kinetic'' / 370 mm ''Chemical'' <br> '''Fenders:''' <br> 5 mm ''Kinetic'' / 370 mm ''Chemical''
!
|-
| Turret ||'''Gun mantlet:''' <br> 5 mm ''Kinetic'' / 370 mm ''Chemical'' <br> '''Cheeks:''' <br> 5 mm ''Kinetic'' / 370 mm ''Chemical'' ||'''Cheeks:''' <br> 5 mm ''Kinetic'' / 370 mm ''Chemical''
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Tracks are 20 mm thick while suspension wheels are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 19 mm in the front, 13 mm in the rear.
* There are several blocks of spaced armour on the fenders and turret that are 4 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,162|rbMinHp=663}}

The {{PAGENAME}}'s mobility is below average compared to its contemporaries. It weighs practically the same as the [[M1 Abrams]] while having less than half of the engine power. It is very slightly more mobile than the [[Chieftain Mk 10]], but that is a very low bar, and unlike the Chieftain it does not have strong armour to make up for it. Expect to be among the last to arrive on the battlefield.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M68A1 (105 mm)}}

The M68A1 is the same gun used by the [[M1 Abrams]]. It enjoys a quicker reload that tops out at 5 seconds. The gun handling is otherwise identical to the [[M60A3 TTS]], which is not great but still better than typical Soviet tanks.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M68A1 (105 mm)|105 mm M68A1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 56 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+19° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 22.8 || 31.6 || 38.4 || 42.5 || 45.2 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.3 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The stock M456 HEATFS is a standard 105 mm HEATFS round with 400 mm of penetration at any distance. At the CM11's battle rating, it is possible to face tanks with reactive or composite armour that can nullify the penetration. It will go clean through conventional armour and weaker implementations of spaced armour. While it becomes less useful for anti-tank duties after APFSDS is unlocked, it is worth keeping a few on hand for destroying light targets.

The M735 APFSDS round is a fairly good and reliable option. The high muzzle velocity makes it much easier to use than the HEATFS. The angled penetration of ~160 mm at 60 degrees leaves something to be desired, but most of the opponents that the CM11 will face are not heavily protected. M735 is sufficient against any enemy tank that does not have composite armour. MBTs with weaker composite armour like the [[XM-1 (GM)]] or [[M48 Super]] are still vulnerable. The [[MBT-70]] and [[KPz-70]] can resist M735 on the outer portions of their turret cheeks despite only having spaced armour.

The M393A2 HESH round is even more effective against light targets but has bad ballistics and low penetration. It can also be neutralized by spaced armour in addition to reactive and composite. The wide cone of damage may be helpful once in a while, so it does not hurt to take a handful, but it will generally not be useful.

For tougher targets, the unlockable DM63 APFSDS round will rarely disappoint. It has the second-highest penetration of any 105 mm APFSDS round currently in the game, exceeding 430 mm of flat penetration. This is actually enough to penetrate some portions of the [[M1 Abrams]]'s turret. However, it is overkill against most tanks the CM11 will encounter. Tanks to watch out for include the [[Chieftain Mk 10]], [[Challenger Mk.2]] and [[Challenger Mk.3]]. These all feature strong composite armour on their turret cheeks that DM63 will not be able to penetrate consistently, if at all. The DM63 will comfortably penetrate their hull armour, so shoot there instead.

{{:M68A1 (105 mm)/Ammunition|M456A2, M393A2, M735, M416, DM63}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty*
! 4th<br>rack empty*
! 5th<br>rack empty*
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''56''' || 45 ''(+11)'' || 34 ''(+22)'' || 16 ''(+40)'' || 10 ''(+46)'' || 1 ''(+55)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modelled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* The 3rd, 4th and 5th Racks serve as First-Stage ammo stowage (33 shells total).

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M240 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Commander's cupola || 1,000 (200) || 577 || -9°/+65° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M240 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M240]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Loader's cupola || 3,000 (200) || 941 || -9°/+65° || -77°/+135°
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (200) || 941 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


Like most MBTs in the Chinese tech tree, the CM11 should be played in a laid back, cautious manner since its firepower is good but its speed is not nearly sufficient for flanking quickly and catching enemies by surprise. Unfortunately, its poor armour and large profile make hull-down sniping difficult, though it does enjoy better gun depression than most PRC/Soviet tanks. It is best to stay close to cover and observe the environment. When the enemies are spotted, pop out, shoot first, and try to at least cripple them. The DM63 APFSDS has very good penetration for a 105 mm round, easily penetrating almost all targets that the CM11 is likely to encounter. The fast reload time ensures rapid follow-up shots. If the teammates do a good job distracting the enemy team or the CM11 somehow manages to flank successfully, several targets can be knocked out in rapid succession. Make good use of the thermal optics, as not all tanks at its battle rating feature them and they are very advantageous for spotting enemies early.

As a whole, the CM11 is somewhat like a tank destroyer, having a powerful gun but not much else. In a meta favouring high speed and high protection, it is rather out of place, but it can still work in the hands of a skilled player with good aim and reflexes. Trust the DM63 APFSDS, stay alert, shoot first, and avoid getting shot in return.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Access to powerful DM63 APFSDS
* Fast reload, topping out at 5 seconds like the [[M1 Abrams]]
* Heavy ERA coverage, decent resistance to chemical rounds
* Has a thermal sight for the gunner
* Low-profile cupola
* Better gun-handling than contemporary PLA tanks - better gun depression and the gun is quicker to elevate and depress

'''Cons:'''

* Large target
* Poor mobility
* ERA has negligible kinetic protection
* Vulnerable to APFSDS rounds
* At 9.0 and up the M60 chassis is starting to show its age - unremarkable armour and low reactive mobility

== History ==

=== Development ===
In 1980, the Republic of China (ROC), also known as Taiwan, created the Armoured Vehicle Development Center. It was created partially to develop the CM-11 tank. The Republic of China Army (ROCA) needed a 2nd generation main battle tank (MBT), and they wanted to acquire one without breaking any limitations placed on the ROC by the US-PRC Joint Communique. As such, they decided to create a hybrid design using the M48A3 turret and the M60A3 hull. In the ROC, it is known as the CM-11 Brave Tiger, whereas the United States designated it as the M48H for "M48 Hybrid". To create the tank, the ROC imported M60A3 hulls from the United States along with M68A1 105 mm cannons and M48A3 turrets, and commander cupolas from Israel. Two prototypes were finished in 1988 and the ROCA ordered 450 CM-11 tanks.

=== Design ===
The hull of the CM-11 is from the M60A3 tank built in the US. As such, the CM-11 uses a torsion bar suspension system and is powered by a Continental AVDS-1790-2C diesel engine producing 750 hp. The turret is from the M48A3 tank, but with the Israeli Urdan style commander's cupola with a low profile. The armament consists of an M68A1 105 mm cannon, the commander's 12.7 mm (.50 in) M2 Browning machine gun, a coaxial 7.62 mm M240 machine gun, and the loader's 7.62 mm M240 machine gun. The fire control system is the same system as used by the M1 Abrams, and the M68A1 has a two-plane stabilizer. The optics and thermal imaging are also as modern as those on the M1 Abrams, giving the CM-11 night fighting and fire-on-the-move ability. The design has a number of drawbacks though, as the Patton design of the 1960s has become outdated. The main battle tanks of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) are the 2nd generation ZTZ96 and 3rd generation ZTZ99, which mount a 125 mm gun that can reliably penetrate the armour of the CM-11. To counter this, it was attempted to put explosive reactive armour (ERA) from the French company GIAT on the CM-11, but that would tax the suspension too much, so the idea was dropped. In 2012, a CM-11 was seen at an exercise mounting ERA designed by CSIST, which featured extreme angles to increase the chance of enemy shells deflecting off of the armour.

=== Production and Service ===
After the failed attempt by the ROC Army to purchase M48A5 and "Magach III" tanks from Spain, South Africa and Israel, the imitation and transformation project for a new tank was launched again in 1984. The ROC Army's tank research and development center and General Dynamics jointly designed a second-generation main battle tank "Brave Tiger", designated as M48H (or CM11 later).

The "Brave Tiger" MBT is a hybrid of an enhanced M48 turret and an M60 chassis, equipped with a cutting-edge FCS that comes from the M1 Abrams. Therefore, "Brave Tiger" was designated as M48H (H for Hybrid). The Army Fighting Vehicle R&D Center purchased 450 M60 tank chassis for modification before the M60 production line shut down. The "Brave Tiger" tank began testing in 1988. It officially entered service in the ROC Army on April 14th, 1990.

The Army Ordnance Industry Development Center transformed a total number of 550 turrets. After 450 M48H tanks were assembled on the CM11 "Brave Tiger", the remaining 100 turrets were assigned to the old M48A3 tanks. These upgraded M48A3 tanks are known as CM12 MBTs. The Army Ordnance Industry Development Center continued to carry out the transformation of the M48A3 tank, and a total of 250 CM12 tanks were produced.

After the Taiwan Strait Missile Crisis in 1996, in order to curb the PRC's attempt to invade Taiwan by force, the United States sold 450 M60A3 tanks to the Republic of China. At the present time, the armoured combat forces of the Republic of China Army are mainly equipped with CM11 "Brave Tiger" MBTs and M60A3 MBTs. Due to lack of reliability, most of the CM12 tanks are stored as reserve forces.

=== [[wt:en/news/6366-development-cm11-when-old-meets-new-en|Devblog]] ===
During the 1980s, armed forces in Taiwan were looking for more capable AFVs. However, as some existing agreements with the USA prevented the supply with more advanced US equipment, such as later versions of the M60 and the newer M1 Abrams tanks, military production was forced to develop an indigenous design.

While still retaining access to supplies of older US equipment and components, the decision was made to create a hybrid tank from the available components and outfit it with the latest electronics. As such, Taiwanese engineers took the hull and chassis of the M60A3 and combined it with the turret of the M48, while installing the M68A1 105 mm cannon and the latest US fire control systems available.

The result of this undertaking was the CM11. In the late 1980s, two prototypes were sent to the US for comparative tests against the M60A3, where the CM11 outperformed its counterpart in gunnery trials. Shortly after these successful tests, the CM11 officially entered service in 1990.

However, as the protection was seen to be somewhat lacking, the decision was made to upgrade the CM11 with ERA packages obtained from GIAT in the early '90s. Due to substantial weight increases and associated upgrade costs however, this modernization effort was only applied to about a dozen vehicles. In total, 450 CM11s were built for the armed forces, still representing the spearhead of the country's armoured units today.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=cn_cm11 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Xwid3UCLr5U|'''The Patton Family''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 7:59 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|zoBPU0n65_A|'''The M60 family''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 5:05 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[M48 Patton (Family)]]
* [[M60 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6366-development-cm11-when-old-meets-new-en|[Devblog] CM11: When Old Meets New]]

{{TankManufacturer Ordnance Research Development Center}}
{{China medium tanks}}

M60A3 TTS (China)

2023-10-28T17:50:02Z

U104930763: /* Service in ROC armed forces */ CCP/CPC is political party, civillian organisation that can't invade anything. Also, communique was signed either by PRC and USA, or by CCP and Democrats (Carter's party)

{{About
| about = main battle tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = M60 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=cn_m60a3_tts
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

As with the previous [[M48A1 (China)|M48A1]], this M60A3 is a US medium tank operated by Taiwan. It boasts thermal sights, a two-plane stabilizer, good gun handling, and a wide selection of ammunition. It does suffer from a large profile, average mobility, and inadequate protection, but the M60A3 TTS is by and large a reliable tank that complements the contemporary [[ZTZ59D1]] quite well.

Succeeding the M60A3 is the [[CM11]], which uses the same hull but boasts better chemical protection and firepower.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


The base armour layout of the M60A3 TTS is the same as the M60A1 RISE (P). Unlike the US version, it does not have ERA panels, making chemical munitions a large threat.

The armour is similar to the layout originally featured on the [[M60A1 (AOS)]]. It consists entirely of cast and rolled homogeneous armour. The frontal hull armour and turret cheeks are fairly thick and can generally shrug off fire from Soviet APHE rounds and autocannons. The large volumetric gun mantlet has impressive thickness at some points and may be able to shrug off APDS rounds at times, though the majority of APFSDS rounds will go through. When the turret is pointed directly at a threat, the turret cheeks are also surprisingly strong against kinetic rounds. The turret ring is a notable weak zone, only 114 mm thick and fairly large in size. The commander's cupola bulges from the top of the turret and is lightly protected, making it an attractive target for APHE and high-calibre HE rounds.

With only steel armour, the M60A3's protection should not be trusted. Considering the tank's unimpressive mobility, enemy flankers are a real concern as well, and nearly every weapon at the M60A3's rank can penetrate the hull sides as well. It is practically naked against chemical or subcalibre munitions, so avoiding hits is paramount.

'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Rear roof, Engine grille)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 108 mm (66°) ''Front Glacis'' <br> 137 mm (54°) ''Lower Glacis''|| 36 - 70 mm || 25 mm (1°) ''Engine Grille'' <br> 40 mm (31°) ''Top'' <br> 28 mm (61°) ''Bottom'' || 36 mm ''Front'' <br> 20 mm ''Engine deck''
|-
| Turret || 215 + 50.8 mm (1-43°) ''Turret front left'' <br> 230 + 50.8 mm (4-50°) ''Turret front right'' <br> 127 mm (8-57°) ''Gun Mantlet''|| 215 - 49 mm || 57 mm || 48 mm ''Front'' <br> 25.4 mm ''Center''
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 127 mm || 70 mm || 50 mm || 101.6 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Tracks are 30 mm thick while suspension wheels are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 19 mm in the front, 13 mm in the rear.
* 15 mm RHA plate between the engine and crew compartment.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 1162|rbMinHp= 663}}

The M60A3 TTS's mobility is unimpressive. The power-to-weight and reverse speed are only slightly better than the ZTZ59D1 and pale in comparison to the [[Leopard A1A1]] or [[OF-40 Mk.2A]]. Do not expect to arrive on the battlefield before others and be careful not to overextend. It does have neutral steering and can turn in place, which may be a nice bonus for players used to driving Soviet/PRC tanks.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M68 (105 mm)}}

The M60A3 TTS is equipped with a 105 mm M68 rifled gun functionally identical to the ubiquitous Royal Ordnance L7. Although the gun itself is essentially the same as the ZTZ59D1's, the M60 platform offers a significantly faster reload, faster gun handling, and vastly improved gun depression. Fighting on hilly terrain is much easier and swinging the turret around during close range combat is not such a struggle.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M68 (105 mm)|105 mm M68]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 63 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 21.40 || 29.65 || 36.00 || 39.81 || 42.35 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 13.40 || 15.75 || 19.13 || 21.15 || 22.50
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M68 (105 mm)/Ammunition|M728, M393A2, M456, M416, M735}}

The stock '''M728 APDS''' has unimpressive flat penetration but good angled penetration, actually beating out a few APFSDS rounds. It works decently against most opponents but might struggle to finish off vehicles with large volumes or extremely thin armour due to the concentrated post-penetration damage. Players used to the [[Type 59]] or [[Type 69]] will be happy to know that M728 can consistently penetrate the upper glacis of the [[M60A1 (AOS)]] and [[M60A1 RISE (P)]]. The '''M456 HEATFS''' penetrates 400 mm of RHA at any distance and will have no issue enemies with steel armour. Unfortunately, it will often detonate upon impact with bushes or fences and the post-penetration damage can be inconsistent. Enemy tanks equipped with ERA like the [[M60A1 RISE (P)]] are almost frontally immune to it. The '''M393A2 HESH''' round generates a wide but shallow spray of spalling upon impact and might be useful on occasion against lightly armoured vehicles, but it has poor ballistics and is generally not worth it in normal combat.

The '''M735 APFSDS''' round is the best all-purpose offering. It improves upon the APDS round in all aspects and there are few enemies at the M60A3 TTS's rank that can resist it. The angled penetration tops out at about 160 mm at 60 degrees, which is less than the ~190 mm at 60 degrees offered by the ZTZ59D1's APFSDS, but this will typically not be a problem unless uptiered against Soviet MBTs.

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_M60A3_TTS.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! 5th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''63''' || 49 ''(+14)'' || 38 ''(+25)'' || 17 ''(+46)'' || 4 ''(+59)'' || 1 ''(+62)'' || No
|-
|}

Turret empty: 17 ''(+46)''



=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M85 (12.7 mm)|M240 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M85 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M85]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (200) || 626 || -9°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M240 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M240]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 6,000 (200) || 941 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The M60A3 TTS lacks the mobility to arrive first on the front lines or easily flank, but the unimpressive protection means that advancing steadily in the open is not a safe proposition either. It does not have ERA like its US counterpart and is even more vulnerable to enemy chemical munitions. Still, the turret can bounce incoming fire on occasion and it enjoys good gun handling relative to other tanks in the Chinese tech tree, so it is more suited to peeking over hills or brawling in urban combat than the [[ZTZ59D1]], which has less than half the gun depression and turret rotation speed.

It is best to follow teammates, stay close to cover, and take advantage of the thermal sight to scan for opponents. Large pieces of cover such as buildings or geographic features will compensate for the M60A3's large size and shorter pieces of cover might allow the M60A3 to peek its gun over while obstructing most of the tank. A quick glance through the gunner's scope can reveal hidden enemies from afar. The armour and mobility issues are less important if one can consistently catch targets off guard and shoot first, and if the rest of the team is causing a ruckus, all the better. Keep an eye out for flankers and avoid staying out of cover for long. The M60A3 has thinner side armour than the ZTZ59D1 and all IFV autocannons can penetrate it.

Thermal sights are very helpful and not quite ubiquitous at the M60A3's rank, but they are not uncommon either. IFVs like the [[Begleitpanzer 57]], [[BMP-3]], and [[Type 89]] have them and can spot the M60A3 easily. Thankfully, these targets are more reliant on ATGMs for long distance combat, which are easier to avoid than APFSDS rounds. They will still pack a huge punch upon a successful hit, so do not stand still. The premium [[AMX-30 Super]], [[Leopard A1A1 (L/44)]], and [[Type 74G]] all boast thermal sights and superior mobility, making them difficult targets indeed. The only real way to deal with them is to shoot first.

Helicopters are common at the M60A3's battle rating. The M60A3 will be easily destroyed by ATGMs and rockets since it has no dedicated HEAT protection, and it is also quite easy to spot from afar due to its large size. Smoke grenades can be helpful if caught in the open and in an emergency the commander's heavy machine gun can be used along with the main gun to harass nearby helicopters.

Overall, the M60A3 TTS is a no-frills tank that can perform well in almost any situation. It does not have any special features or outstanding strengths, but the combination of decent APFSDS, thermal sights, and good gun handling at a battle rating of 8.7 is a nice and relaxing package. The ZTZ59D1 has a more powerful APFSDS round, a lower profile, and potentially better protection but will often be let down by its abysmal gun handling and slow reload. The two tanks work well for laid-back players who prefer to hang back instead of aggressively rushing.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good quality thermal sight for the gunner
* M735 APFSDS is powerful with its good penetration, velocity, and trajectory
* Has a laser rangefinder
* -10 degrees gun depression works great in hilly maps
* Offers various other shell types other than APFSDS
* Crew members are quite spread out, sometimes reducing the chance of being knocked out by a single APDS/APFSDS round
* Has a 12.7 mm heavy MG for light vehicles/helicopters
* Default camouflage is effective in dark urban maps like Berlin
* Turret can occasionally bounce kinetic rounds

'''Cons:'''

* Not very mobile
* Is a large and tall target
* Armour is virtually useless against APFSDS/HEATFS
* Turret ring and cupola are all notable weak spots
* Unlike US equivalents, lacks ERA against chemical warheads
* Bad gun depression when aiming backwards

== History ==

{{main|M60A3 TTS#History|l1=History of the M60A3 TTS}}

=== Service in ROC armed forces ===
The August 17 Communiqué (The Announcement by China and the United States on Solving the Issue of US Arms Sales to Taiwan) signed by the PRC and the United States restricted the United States' sales of military equipment to Taiwan not exceeding the technology level of the 1980s. At that time, it was not possible for the ROC army to equip with new American-made MBTs in the close future. However, in August 1994, the US government agreed to sell 160 second-hand M60A3TTS main battle tanks to Taiwan, and in May 1996 approved the contract for a second batch of additional 300 tanks. These M60A3TTS MBTs were delivered around the 1996 Taiwan Strait Missile Crisis, and this move undoubtedly contained the PRC's further attempts to invade Taiwan by force.

Since 1995, the first batch of 160 M60A3 tanks began arriving in Taiwan, and the second delivery was completed to the end of 1997. The first unit of Armored Corps to receive M60A3 MBTs was the 780th Tank Battalion of the 249th Mechanized Infantry Division, and the subsequent M60A3 TTS tank battalions were the 771 Tank Battalion of the 249 Mechanized Infantry Division and the 781 Tank Battalion of the 109 Mechanized Infantry Division. It's worth mentioning that during the Taiwan Strait Missile Crisis in 1995-1996, the 773rd Tank Battalion of the 701st battle group (affiliated to the 284th Infantry Division) stationed in Kinmen also received 2 companies of 28 M60A3 TTS main battle tanks. The listed troops were all the units in ROC Army that were equipped with M60A3 before the program of armed forces reorganization codenamed "Lean" landed in 1998.

In view of the fact that the combat effectiveness of M60A3 main battle tanks is way inferior to their opponents serving in People's Liberation Army, the Academia Sinica in Taiwan planned to carry out a series of upgrades for the M60A3 tanks in service in 2016. The upgrade project included the installation of a devastating M256 120 mm smoothbore cannon, replacement of the fire control system, and upgrade of power components. According to the plan, a total of 300 M60A3/CM11 tanks should receive such upgrades to coordinate with the M1A2T "Abrams" MBTs sold by the United States. However, the upgrade program was too expensive for the Army to afford (the program was expected to cost 100 million NT$ each, which is even more expensive than purchasing a brand-new M1A1 Abrams MBT), the Army turned to seek a plan to extend the service life of them. The Army Ordnance Industry Development Center of the Joint Logistics Command planned to purchase a batch of new engines to replace the AVDS-1790-2 air-cooled diesel engines that would soon be discontinued from production. These modified M60A3 tanks would be equipped by units in northern Taiwan, and coordinating with the US-aided M1A2T "Abrams" MBTs to defend Taipei.

(GDLS was awarded a $358 million contract for 150 M1A1 SA Abrams tanks while the upgrade package of Taiwanese M60A3 TTS costs 3 million dollars each, far more expensive than 2.4 million M1A1 SA Abrams.)

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=cn_m60a3_tts Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|zoBPU0n65_A|'''The M60 family''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 5:05 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
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{{TankManufacturer Chrysler Defense}}
{{China medium tanks}}