War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Re.2001 serie 1

2022-04-06T09:04:07Z

U104685692: /* Usage in battles */

{{About
| about = Italian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Re.2001 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=re_2001_serie1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]]. The Re.2001 serie 1 is a lot like the [[C.202]], other than having different, slower-to-lower/retract landing gear, a different engine that overheats a bit more quickly, and worse armour. The Re.2001 is also a tad more manoeuvrable, with a turn time (upgraded) of 18 seconds, versus the C.202's upgraded turn time of 21.4 seconds. Additionally, the Re.2001 has a worse climb rate and is slower. Thanks to all of this, the Re.2001 should be played similarly to the C.202. Just be careful, as you have worse armour.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The Re.2001 is a fairly balanced fighter with more emphasis on turning performance than speed. The listed top speed of 545 km/h in realistic battles is good for its battle rating. At sea level, it can only reach about 460 km/h. As the Spitfire-esque elliptical wings might suggest, it is adept at turning and will only be exceeded by Spitfires and Japanese aircraft. The other characteristics such as climb rate, roll rate, and energy retention are good to average.

Despite using the same RC.41 engine as the [[C.202]], the Re.2001 suffers from more severe overheating. Even opening the radiators fully is not enough to stop the engine from cooking itself when running WEP continuously. Use WEP sparingly and consider using Manual Engine Controls to help keep the engine cool outside of combat.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,450 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 525 || 509 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.8 || 19.4 || 12.6 || 12.6 || rowspan="2" | 155
|-
! Upgraded
| 567 || 545 || 17.2 || 18.0 || 20.2 || 15.9
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 454 || 421 || 250 || ~12 || ~9
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 350 || < 350 || < 420 || > 312
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 8 mm Steel - Pilot's seat
* 8 mm Steel - Armoured plate behind the pilot
* Critical components located at the front of aircraft (pilot, engine, controls)
* More fuel tanks located in wings near the fuselage
* Fuel tank in the fuselage behind the pilot

The Re.2001 has enough armour to not get pilot-sniped by rifle calibre weapons from behind, but its overall survivability is poor. It has no bulletproof glass to protect the pilot from the front and the fuel tanks are scattered around the aircraft. If ignited, the results are usually fatal.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)|Breda-SAFAT (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, wing-mounted (600 rpg = 1,200 total)

The Re.2001 has typical armament for an early Italian fighter. The twin 12.7 mm heavy machine guns are underwhelming, generally considered the second worst heavy machine guns in the game. They have very poor ballistics and a mediocre rate of fire, being incapable of dealing serious damage outside of 300-400 meters. Their one redeeming quality is the availability of AP-I rounds. For best results, use the Air Targets belt, engage targets at close range, and lead generously.

The 7.7 mm machine guns are nothing special and are unlikely to take any target down by themselves. It is best to equip them with Stealth belts and focus on the heavy machine guns instead. The ballistics are similar between the two guns and they provide some supplemental damage.

== Usage in battles ==


The Re.2001's greatest strength is its turning capability and its greatest weakness is its poor armament. This means that it should be primarily used against other fighters as opposed to hunting bombers or heavy twin-engined fighters. It is best to drag opponents into extended engagements since it is unlikely that the Re.2001 will be able to destroy a target in one pass.

At the start of a match, try to climb and gain some altitude. If using MEC, open the radiators fully, set the propeller pitch to 66% and keep an eye on the engine temperatures. If things get too hot, dial back the throttle and let the engine cool off. Scan around for enemies. The best targets are those that are fragile, less manoeuvrable than the Re.2001, and at a lower energy state. If you have a significant altitude advantage over your target, dive in, make a pass, then loop around. Repeat until your target has lost significant energy, then try to jump on their tail and hose them down with the machine guns. If you can force them to constantly manoeuvre and corral them into a turnfight, the results will usually be in your favour. A faster opponent that chooses to run instead can be difficult to dispatch. In that case, let them go and start climbing to reset the engagement.

Avoid committing to head-ons since the Re.2001's complete lack of frontal armour protection, poor machine gun ballistics, and fragile liquid-cooled engine do it no favors. Fire off a burst, break off early, and observe what your target does after the merge. If they commit to a turnfight, again try to latch onto their tail. If they continue their course and are fast enough to escape, let them go and try to conserve your own energy.

Be wary of engaging targets that are as or more manoeuvrable than the Re.2001 in turning engagements. Try to obtain an altitude advantage before engaging and stick to boom-and-zoom or energy fighting tactics instead of flat turning. A Spitfire can put up a very tough fight if it has the same energy level as the Re.2001, but as with any plane, it becomes less threatening with less altitude and speed. Other targets that should be attacked with caution include planes with decent defensive armament like the [[IL-2 M-82]]. There is a very real chance that the IL-2's rear gunner can ignite or pilot-snipe the Re.2001 more quickly than it can whittle down the "flying tank" in turn. Large bombers with multiple engines and gunners are similarly hazardous. If you must engage these, try to set their engines on fire and break off.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Adept turning ability - capable of competing with [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfires]]
* Cockpit views are exceptional and has a rear-view mirror
* Decent rate of climb

'''Cons:'''

* Engine overheats rather quickly
* Low firepower compared to its peers
* Lacks an armoured windscreen so pilot is more vulnerable to being knocked out

== History ==


The [[Re.2000 serie 1|Re.2000]] "Falco I" was the Reggiane company's first successful fighter design. Taking some design notes from the Seversky P-35, the Re.2000 was a very capable design compared to other early Italian fighters like the Macchi [[C.200 serie 3|C.200]]. It did have several issues: the wing mounted fuel tanks were not self sealing and the engine was unreliable. In light of this, the Regia Aeronautica declined to order the Re.2000 for mass production and it was largely produced for export.

The Re.2000's basic design was good and its issues were solvable. After the Re.2000 first flew, the Italian government proposed that Reggiane look into equipping the Re.2000 with a R.A.1000 RC.41 inline engine, which was a license-produced version of the famous German DB601 that powered early [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109s]]. The RC.41 was more compact and mechanically reliable than the Re.2000's Piaggio radial engine. The Re.2000 design was modified to accept the engine and trim off some weight, and the resulting prototype '''Re.2001''' "Falco II" first flew in June 1940. Further development work resulted in the addition of a 7.7 Breda-SAFAT machine gun in each wing, an electric engine starter, and other minor changes. Series production of the Re.2001 began in mid 1941, but delays in obtaining the engines resulted in the orders being cut from 200 aircraft to 110.

As with other Italian fighters, a large number of Re.2001 variants were explored. The [[Re.2001 CB]] was a fighter-bomber variant equipped with bomb racks and the [[Re.2001 CN]] was a nightfighter variant with a pair of MG151/20 cannons mounted in the wings. The navalized Re.2001 OR was made in anticipation of the Italian fleet's planned aircraft carriers, though none were completed by the end of the war and the aircraft were modified back for ground-based use. The Re.2001 GV variant was capable of mounting a 630 kg bomb for attacking aircraft carriers. In its one and only operational use, a pilot managed to lob a bomb onto the deck of the carrier HMS Victorious, but it failed to fuse and bounced harmlessly into the ocean. The GV was thus abandoned. Several other photo reconnaissance and testbed variants were created.

In operational service, the Re.2001 first saw combat in 1942 over the skies of Sicily and Malta in bomber escort roles. They fared well against opposing RAF Spitfires and Hurricanes at medium to low altitudes but lagged behind above 7000 meters. In their first engagement, two Spitfires were shot down by Re.2001s for no fighter losses. They were used in intense fighting, and one notable battle in June 1942 saw 9 Re.2001s and 12 [[C.202]]s escorting an Italian naval convoy. The fighters successfully protected the fleet from RAF fighters and torpedo bombers, and the ships managed to nearly wipe out a British cargo convoy bound for Malta.

Over time, attrition dwindled the numbers of Re.2001s in Italian service. It was never produced in large numbers due to the difficulty of its construction and the limited availability of engines, which were prioritized for the C.202 instead. Only 71 Re.2001s were operational by the summer of 1943 and the Allied invasion of Sicily cut their numbers further. The Italian armistice in September 1943 saw a portion of the 33 surviving Re.2001s transferred to the new Co-Belligerent Air Force, where they fought alongside the Allies against the Italian Social Republic and Nazi Germany until the end of the war. Combat aside, they were also used on a few occasions to carry money in underslung containers.

The few Re.2001s that survived World War II were largely scrapped in the postwar era since they were long obsolete compared to the fine "''Series 5''" fighters like the Macchi [[C.205 serie 3|C.205]] and Fiat [[G.55 serie 1|G.55]] that lingered in Italian service. A few were retained for communications tasks and meteorological testing. None are known to survive today.

A contemporary of the C.202 with the same engine and armament, the Re.2001 is not as famous in the present day as the Folgore. Much of this is due to its smaller production numbers and limited role in World War II. Only 237 Re.2001s were produced compared to over 1000 C.202s and they were all deployed close to Italy. Its combat records show that it was still a formidable aircraft and a close match to the early Spitfires, especially in the hands of skilled pilots. Despite being a clean-sheet design, the [[Re.2005 serie 0|Re.2005]] "Saggitaro" can be seen as the successor to the Re.2001 with similar aerodynamic features. Though the Saggitaro was even harder to produce than the Re.2001, it had fantastic performance and could compete with the finest wartime Allied aircraft on equal terms.

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|uCO0chq-xcw|'''The Shooting Range #186''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:10 discusses the Re.2001.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5373-development-re-2000-the-italian-falcon-en|[Devblog] Re.2000: The Italian Falcon]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/436313-re-2001-serie1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Reggiane}}
{{Italy fighters}}

I-16 type 17 (China)

2022-01-31T18:47:51Z

U104685692: /* Against the I-16 */

{{About
| about = Chinese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = I-16 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=i-16_type17_china
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,400 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 444 || 423 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.6 || 18.6 || 14.8 || 14.8 || rowspan="2" | 210
|-
! Upgraded
| 480 || 461 || 15.5 || 16.5 || 23.1 || 18.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 260 || ~16 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 300 || < 240 || < 280 || > 190
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Compressor
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
! Setting 1
| 2,900 m || 700 hp || 830 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 6 mm steel behind pilot

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ShVAK (20 mm)|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm ShVAK cannons, wing-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)
* 2 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns, nose-mounted (650 rpg = 1,300 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|FAB-50 (50 kg)|FAB-100 (100 kg)|RS-82|RBS-82}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 100 kg FAB-100 bombs (200 kg total)
* 2 x 50 kg FAB-50 bombs (100 kg total)
* 6 x RS-82 rockets
* 6 x RBS-82 rockets

== Usage in battles ==


The I-16 type 17 shares a similar playstyle as its predecessors, which is turnfighting. Start off the match by climbing between 10-17 degrees to gain altitude. Although this is not a real BnZ fighter, getting some altitude will still grant you many opportunities.

Your biggest threat when flying the I-16 Type 17 comes from pretty much any fighter aircraft at this BR, since they all have a significant top speed/climb rate advantage (such as Ki-43 and Bf 109 F). A common scenario you will encounter is, you will see those planes higher than you before an engagement due to your inferior climb rate. They will always try to BnZ you, while your only effective tactic is to evade their dives and bleed their energy. Bank towards your teammates and keep climbing with WEP. As the enemy starts diving on you, wait until the distance closes to ~0.9 km, then use your great roll rate and turn rate, suddenly roll to one side and dodge under the attacker. This will usually force them to either shoot at an awkward position and miss (usually), or they will straight-up relinquish the pass and pull up. Some enemies might lose patience after a few successful dodges and chase you rather than zooming away to try and destroy you. Now again utilise your agility to perform horizontal manoeuvres such as scissors, in a combination of short vertical movements such as Immelmanns and chandelles, to force an overshoot or to get on their tail. With careful aiming, the pair of ShVAK cannons will quickly destroy a fighter.

Do not try to out-dive any monoplane as the I-16's light weight means that it is relatively slow at building up speed in a dive and also causes it to have lacklustre energy retention. However some short dives will gather you speed for more manoeuvres, or drag enemy BnZ planes to the deck. Once they are low, it is rather easy to out-manoeuvre them.

When confronting slower but more manoeuvrable planes such as Ki-27, energy tactics like BnZ are to be favoured over turning and burning. When you do not have altitude advantage over the Ki-27, the use of rolls is the most desired if not a nigh obligatory form of evasion. There is minimal chance to turn out or outrun the Ki-27, but you can out-roll it, particularly at high speeds. On the other hand, zoom climbs are a bit of a mixed bag. While the I-16 sometimes can get away with it through its superior power-to-weight ratio, the Ki-27 has a much lower stall speed which sometimes allows it to stay all the way through the zoom climb with I-16.

The I-16 Type 17 is not a very effective interceptor, not being much faster than most monoplane bombers in its rank while having both a rather weak armament and protection.

'''Simulator:'''

The I-16 can be used in turnfighting, bomber intercepting and ground pounding. However in this mode, its characteristics appear to be quite conflicting. It is excellent in turning tightly and continuously, yet when manoeuvring it easily gets into uncontrollable spins which isn't beginner friendly. Also the rather big nose blocks the visibility a lot, offering very poor over-the-nose visibility which is a disadvantage in a turn fight, because when leading a shot the enemy will always get obstructed by the engine, making the player guess the shot. More ever, there is no trim control available in a sim battle and the I-16 always pitch up and down. Although not a lot, it is still annoying when trying to get a precise aim.

It is recommended to set the convergence within 300m, with vertical convergence on, because the majority of turnfights happen at that range or closer.

Sim is different from realistic, so discard the habit of bringing the least fuel. Bring at least 30 minutes of fuel, although it decreases the plane's performance a bit, it prevents constant refuelling which saves time for patrolling and fighting.

As your I-16 roars down the runway, you will notice that it shifts severely to the side, and the nose will tip down. If you don't correct it it will eventually strike the ground, causing a failed takeoff. Thus you must put rudder input as opposed to the side it's shifting towards, and apply positive pitch to keep the propeller off the ground. You do not want to use flaps anywhere except takeoff and landing, since they are very weak and will rip at more than 260 km/h, while the average speed during a battle tends to be around 300 km/h. Once one or both flaps are gone it creates an imbalance in the roll axis, making spins more common. It also makes landing harder.

Before engaging a fight, it is better to have an altitude advantage first. When approaching the fight try to figure out which is your teammate and which is the enemy, to avoid going for a second pass, as the energy retention of the I-16 is rather slow. Also pick your target carefully. For easier aiming, you want to go for those unmanoeuvrable twin engine aircraft like [[Ju 88 (Family)|Ju 88]] or [[Ki-45 (Family)|Ki-45]], or bombers if there are any. Given the bad forward visibility of the I-16, these are the best options as they are quite slow and sluggish, and are a bigger target to hit. When dealing with fighters, it is way harder to aim. The elevator control of the I-16 is extremely sensitive, giving it good manoeuvrability, but at the same time, bad handling. The I-16 will respond in a very fast turn upon moving your stick/mouse by a little bit, which makes tracking nimble planes quite hard. But once you get used to it, try to lure every enemy into a turnfight, as that is where the I-16 shines. Several hits with the ShVAK cannon will effectively damage the enemy. If you find an enemy at your 6, utilise your great roll rate to do defensive manoeuvres like scissors to make them overshoot. Or you can simply do tight turns, most monoplanes won't be able to cut inside your turn and they might disengage. Important note: DO NOT put too much rolling and pitching input at once, as aforementioned the I-16 tend to enter spins easily.

If you are not very experienced in sim, you can also go for even bigger targets (bombers) for easier aiming. However you want to be more careful when hunting bombers, since with the Sim control (whether it be mouse joystick or a real stick) the plane will manoeuvre much more gently, making itself a great target for the bomber's gunners. DO NOT follow behind a bomber's 6 unless you are sure that its tail gunners are unconscious. Chasing behind a bomber makes yourself stationary for the tail gunners, and you will be showered with bullets. Your big radial engine will usually get damaged. Instead, before attacking, get an altitude advantage over the bomber by flying around 2 km above it. The bomber should only fill up about 1/6 of your gunsight. The best position for an attack is at the bomber's high 6 so you can adjust the lead much easier. Dive at the bomber, but not directly at it, try to predict where you two will crash by imagining yourself as a missile, that's where you should aim at (deflection shooting). To maximise the damage it is better to aim for their wings and engines, as the fuselage usually soaks up quite some bullets. Only fire when the bomber passes in front of your guns. This short window might seem inadequate to do anything, but with a accurate burst on the engine the twin ShVAK can deal quite a bit of damage. Without an engine most bombers cannot go far.

Although ground pounding ability is limited, there are still bombs and rockets to choose from. The 2 bombs can effectively destroy pillboxes or tanks while the rockets, with accurate aiming, can destroy 3 targets. Once the suspended armaments are gone, use the 2 MG for soft targets like trucks, artillery and AA cars. Save the ammo for the ShVAK in case of an unwanted dogfight.

Just like the SB 2M, the I-16 can still fly when it's extremely slow, causing it to bounce up during landing which can lead to a fatal crash. The trick is similar: slow it down more than other aircraft. Make sure you are around 1 km from the start of the runway and is no more than 300m high. When the runway fills up your gunsight, drop speed to around 210 kph and deploy landing flaps. The good thing is, the I-16 will not pitch up drastically upon using its flaps so you don't need to counter the extra lift. Make sure that you extend landing gears early as they move very slow (takes around 15 seconds to deploy). When you are about to touch down you should be flying at around 140 kph. You must control your rate of descent (I-16's gears are fragile) and make sure that you are slightly pitching upwards with the nose obstructing the horizon. This way the I-16 should land gently without having to brake for too long. Once you are sliding on the ground, fully deflect your elevators upwards to counter the momentum that can push the nose into the ground. You must release brakes once every 4 seconds, because if you only release them as the nose dips down, it's too late.

==== Against the I-16 ====
'''Turn fighter''': if you are in a biplane (eg. He 51, CR.32), you can simply choose to lure the I-16 into a turn fight with purely flat turns. But before doing so it might dive at you, perform the classical evading manoeuvre by dodging under its negative G area. The I-16 is indeed good at turning, but its monoplane configuration, small wings and weak engine leads to poor energy retention and high wing loading, causing it to bleed speed in continuous turns. Biplanes will last longer in a prolonged turn fight and will eventually end up at the I-16's tail. Monoplane turn fighters like the Spitfire and A6M2 all have superior level speed, climb rate and dive speed, although their turn rate might be slightly worse. Now with better energy retention you can choose a combination of turn fighting and BnZ fighting.

'''Jack-of-all-trades fighter''': this type of aircraft (eg. Ki-43, Bf 109 E) can find it quite easy to deal with an I-16, since they all have significantly better climb rate, acceleration, level and dive speed, despite having slower turn rate. With this superior performance, players have every advantage possible and should perform BnZ attacks on the I-16. It will most certainly dodge your dives like described above, but do not lose patience. Keep either speed or altitude advantage and never get lured down to the same height as an I-16. An experienced I-16 pilot will utilise its amazing turn rate and roll rate to force overshoots or even an ultimate reversal should you somehow bleed all your energy/speed. In Simulator, this kind of jack-of-all-trades fighter usually has much better stability and smoother handling than an I-16, and maybe better visibility too, so you can choose a combination of manoeuvres to play with it. The I-16 has very limited over-the-nose visibility, and absurdly bad stableness that it usually ends up in flatspins if its pilot is not gentle with the stick.

'''High speed BnZ fighter''': with fast fighters, the tactic is straightforward: keep up your speed at all times, even if it means trading altitude for it. Approach the I-16 fast, perform a quick and precise deflection shooting and zoom climb/shallow climb away, leaving the I-16 far behind. Its slow speed means that it will never catch up to a high speed aircraft like the He 100, P-40, Ki-61, etc. Note, as you approach a veteran I-16 pilot might dance around to mess up your shots. if you do miss, do not try and follow up for more shots, immediately zoom away. This is a very vicious trap: the slower "prey" presents its tail to an attacker to disguise as an easy target, lure it closer and closer until the BnZ becomes a face to face dogfight, then before the attacker may realise the reversal comes.

'''Attacker/bomber''': many attackers are faster than the I-16, like the B18, Hs 129, even bombers like the SBD and He 111. For the former, if an I-16 tries to get on your tail, enter a steep dive, gradually level out and gain some separation. It cannot catch up to you. The best scenario is to force a head-on with it, as it has rather weak armaments. For planes with defensive guns, keep your plane steady as the I-16 dives/approaches, then aim carefully at its huge radial engine. It will not be fast even in a dive, and with its engine damaged it will be even slower, making itself an easier target for your gunners.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

[[Ki-27 otsu|Ki-27]], [[N1K1]], [[He 51 (Family)|He 51]], [[Gladiator (Family)|Gladiator]], etc;

Those commonly seen planes are equally good at turnfights and will be a hard target to down since they are very small and agile. To deal with them you need to practice leading and deflection shots, plus manoeuvres like barrel rolls and scissors. They are easily damaged by your ShVAK.

[[He 111 H-6]]:

This bomber is not only quite durable, but also pretty fast. In level flight it can outrun the I-16 rather easily. Avoid being on its 6 as it will have at least 2x 7.92mm MG facing its tail, and their rapid firerate and good penetration is a big threat. Either go for a head-on or use deflection shooting and aim for its engines. If you cannot keep up with it, disengage. If it flies way higher than you, change your target.

[[Sunderland Mk IIIa|Sunderland]]:

This flying boat is like a low-tier [[Be-6]]. Its huge fuselage is very spacious and can absorb lots of bullets and shells. It also has lethal defensive firepower: two 7.7 mm in the nose, four forward-facing, two on the top and four at the tail, so attacking from behind, in front or above aren't the best options. Dive under it and suddenly pull up to shoot its defenceless underside. Aim at the large wings and engines, avoid shooting the fuselage.

[[He 100 D-1|He 100]], [[Bf 109 E-1|Bf 109 E]]/F, [[A6M2]]:

These planes might not be able to out-turn the I-16, but they can easily outrun it as the I-16 is very slow. These fighters will usually BnZ you, so you must constantly look above and behind you. If they are diving on you, do what you do in realistic: use your roll rate and dodge under their negative G areas. Most players will try to follow up, if not immediately losing track of you. Several dodges might make them impatient and if they really start to turn with you, they are already dead.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent turning ability- with combat flaps deployed it can out-turn any Bf 109, Fw 190 A and even turn-fighters like the [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]]
* Extreme roll rate allows it to do offensive/defensive scissors easily, which is an advantage over Bf 109 and [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]] as their roll rates aren't as good.
* Powerful twin ShVAK cannons with good fire rate, adequate velocity and accuracy, while 150 RPG capacity allows for reasonably long engagements
* Is at rank III but with a 2.7 BR, meaning it can research rank IV planes while playing at low BR matches which can be more enjoyable
* Suspended armament provides rockets and bombs, which, to an extent, allows some ground attack ability
* Is a very short and small plane, offering the enemy a harder target to hit

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely poor level speed, climb rate, dive acceleration and energy retention- will get outran, out-climbed and out-dived easily by Bf 109 E/F, Fw 190 A or [[A6M2]].
* Engine tends to overheat when diving at more than 500 km/h
* Control surfaces are unresponsive over 450 km/h
* Flaps are very weak and will break over 250 km/h, severely limiting its sharp-turning potential at higher speeds
* No manual trim controls in Simulator which makes it hard to handle
* Although manoeuvrable, it can still get out-turned by the Japanese turn-fighters
* Hard to fly in SB -- very unstable in pitch, poor over-the-nose visibility and is prone to enter flat spins

== History ==


=== From Russia with military aid ===
On the 7th July 1937, fighting broke out between Chinese and Japanese forces, starting the Second Sino-Japanese War. When the war began, the Chinese air force was using many obsolete aircraft such as the [[Hawk III]], which were no match for the Japanese A5M fighters.<ref name="PolikarpovAces">Maslov and Postlethwaite 2013</ref> China rapidly signed the Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact with the USSR, and as part of the agreement the Soviets began Operation Zet to secretly supply China with aircraft and pilots.

Between October 1937 and September 1939 the USSR delivered 885 aircraft (rising to 1,250 by 1941), including 216 Polikarpov I-16s, predominantly Type 5s and Type 10s. At first the Soviet pilots would have to fly the aircraft over 1,500 miles across China to get them to their destination of Lanzhou, however this was a risky journey and so future batches of aircraft would be disassembled and transported to Hami (closer to Lanzhou), before final assembly and delivery to Lanzhou.<ref name="PolikarpovAces" /> The first I-16s were delivered in November 1937, however rushed training of the Chinese pilots meant many were lost to crashes. In Chinese service the I-16 became known as the "Lastochka" or "Swallow".<ref name="PolikarpovAces" /> In the early years of the war the I-16 was a capable fighter, however from 1939 onwards its performance was deemed to be lacking in comparison to newer fighters.

A number Chinese aces flew the I-16; among them Lo Ying-Teh who in 1938 shot down Japanese unit leader Lt Ryohei Ushioda's A5M2 in his I-16 Type 5. Another ace to fly the I-16 was Liu Chi-Sheng who achieved 3 of his 10 kills while flying the I-16 Type 5, along with another shared kill.<ref name="ChinaAces">Cheung and Davey 2015</ref>

=== Type 17 , the "cannon bird" ===
The I-16 Type 17 is an enhanced version of I-16 Type 10 with firepower improvement. Two ShVAK 20mm autocannons replace the ShKAS machine guns mounted underwing while the other two nosemounted ShKAS machine remain unchanged. Additional armor is implemented to improve the protection and overall survivability of the aircraft. The racks under both wings can carry two 100kg FAB-100 bombs or six RS-82 series rockets.

Unlike later I-16s with M-62 engine, the Type 17 still uses the M-25V engine and weighs 145 kg heavier than the Type 10. The additional weight makes the plane about 10 km/h slower, which is considered as acceptable. But the worse manoeuvrability is annoying.

The Republic of China purchased a total of 75 I-16 Type 17 fighters from the Soviet Union in early 1941, just before the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact was signed. Those were the last military planes the USSR sold to Republic of China. The 32nd Squadon,3rd Fighter Group received 15 of these aircraft, and 5 of them crashed on May 2nd,1941 due to disorientation. The 4th Fighter Group received 35 of them. The 17th Squadron and the 26th Squadron of the 5th Fighter Group were equipped with 14 I-16 Type 17 fighters.

Those I-16 Type 17 had a rather short service life in the ROC Air Force due to multiple reasons. Although the I-16 fighter is reluctantly capable of fighting against Nakajima Ki-27 fighters mainly fielded by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Corps and A5M fighters fielded by the Imperial Navy in late 1930s, there was a huge performance gap between the outdated Russian design and the latest A6M fighter which made its first debut in 1940. Apart from their lack of performance, the I-16s in China suffered from lack of logistic supply because the Soviet Union refused to offer further support in order to comply to the non-aggression treaty signed with Japan. Later, after the outbreak of the Pacific War, those I-16 Type-17s along with other I-16 and I-15 fighters were replaced by American-made P-40 and P-43 fighters.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=china&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=i-16_type17_china Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/520554-i-16-type-10-17/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[Wikipedia:Polikarpov_I-16|[Wikipedia<nowiki>]</nowiki> Polikarpov I-16]]
* [http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/china_ying-teh.htm Biplane fighter aces China - General Lo Ying-Teh]
* [http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/china_chi-sheng.htm Biplane fighter aces China - Major General Liu Chi-Sheng]
* [http://www.century-of-flight.freeola.com/Aviation%20history/WW2/aces/Liu%20Chi-Sheng.htm Aviation during World War 2 - Major General Liu Chi-Sheng]

===Citations===
<references />

===Bibliography===
Cheung, R., & Davey, C. (2015). Aces of the Republic of China Air Force. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing.

Maslov, M., & Postlethwaite, M. (2013). Polikarpov I-15, I-16 and I-153 Aces. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing.

{{AirManufacturer Polikarpov}}
{{China fighters}}

P-38L-5-LO

2021-12-22T19:03:31Z

U104685692: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = American twin-engine fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = P-38 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=p-38l
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_p-38l.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American twin-engine fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.53 "Firestorm"]].

The P-38 Lightning is to be played primarily as an Air Superiority fighter. Boom & Zoom tactics are one of your greatest assets in this aircraft. By using your powerful armament, high speed, good manoeuvrability and good climb rate, in the hands of a skilled pilot, a P-38L is one of the greatest threats to an entire team.

The P-38L is the last Lightning in the US Aviation tech tree that is able to be researched. This plane has some of the same defining factors of prior models of the Lightning, but with greater modifications to make this variant of the P-38 among the best planes in the game. The biggest upgrade over the P-38J-15 is the presence of air brakes on the P-38L, which means you can pull out of a dive much easier than in any other prior model. In addition, you also have the ability to research the "New Boosters" module, which greatly improves your roll-rate.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 8,534 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 665 || 647 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 23.1 || 23.9 || 15.6 || 15.6 || rowspan="2" | 332
|-
! Upgraded
| 717 || 690 || 21.0 || 22.0 || 24.0 || 19.3
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 565 || 495 || 250 || ~9 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 380 || < 460 || < 500 || > 420
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,100 m || 1,415 hp || 1,550 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Cockpit windscreen
* 6.5 mm Steel - Front cockpit armour plate
* 6.5 mm Steel - Pilot's seat
* 9.5 mm Steel - Pilot's headrest

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|AN/M2 (20 mm)|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm AN/M2 cannon, nose-mounted (150 rpg)
* 4 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, nose-mounted (500 rpg = 2,000 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|HVAR|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 10 x HVAR rockets
* 4 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns (340 rpg = 1,360 total)

== Usage in battles ==

There are a few tactics to take into consideration when using the P-38L Lightning. All of them are viable, but some of them require more attention to detail, or else you can guarantee yourself a one-way ticket back to your garage.

===Air Superiority Roles===
The natural role for the P-38 is the Air Superiority role. When playing in this role, it is important to note that because the P-38L is classified as a "Heavy Fighter" but not an "Interceptor," you will often need to side-climb at the start of a match from the airfield. Once you get to an optimal altitude of roughly 4,500 meters (14,760 feet) it is paramount you keep your speed up to avoid getting jumped on by some of the better climbing aircraft. When climbing, it is best you keep your speed somewhere in the neighbourhood of roughly 210 MPH (337 KPH), to keep your energy up as well. It doesn't hurt if you climb higher, just be sure to keep your energy and speed constant. Once you have followed the steps to climb to altitude, start scanning for easier targets to support your allies. When you spot an enemy lower in altitude than you, dive down on them and line up your shots carefully- the 20 mm cannon has a good quantity of ammo, but it goes quickly in higher BR battles. Once you have lined-up your shots (preferably around 700-600 meters away,) fire a quick burst, then climb away to avoid a counter-attack. This is where the dive-brakes come in great use, as they can keep your aircraft stable when in a dive and prevents the airframe from disintegrating in a dive. The P-38's nose-mounted weaponry will act as a buzz-saw on enemy planes, providing extremely accurate fire. Once you destroy your adversary, start scanning for new targets and eliminate those of the next highest value. Just remember to keep your speed, energy and altitude high enough. The recommended ammunition type for this role is the "Universal" ammunition for the .50 cals and the "Air Target" rounds for the 20 mm cannon.

'''Note''': At your battle rating of 4.7, it is ill-advised to attack your opponents head-on- especially if it is an Fw 190, or any plane bearing the prefix "Yak." That being said, getting behind your opponents is the best course of action. This is not to say a successful head-on attack cannot be done. If you have no alternatives but to attack head-on, fire a quick burst, then quickly hit the deck. The nose-mounted weaponry in this scenario is your greatest asset, and the astonishingly good roll-rate of the P-38 can help avoid any incoming enemy fire.

It is not advised that you spend too much time in a turning engagement with this plane. While the P-38L has a phenomenal roll-rate and very powerful Allison engines, prolonged turning will bleed your energy and eliminate your greatest advantage- speed. In addition, you are a rather large target, and getting caught in a turning engagement will only render you a highly exposed target to other enemy planes.

===Ground Attack Roles===
This is the role where paying attention to details is an absolute priority. This is given that the Anti-Aircraft fire is coming from actual players, and not artificial intelligence and one small mistake can send your plane down in a fireball. Nonetheless, the P-38L has all the tools necessary to be a ferocious Close Air Support aircraft. You have the option for two 500 lb bombs suspended underneath the fuselage of the plane or you can choose ten HVAR rockets. The distinguishing part of the Lightning, when used in ground attack, is that the bombs drop independently one-by-one, which allows for a second attack run if one needs to, allowing a chance for further kills. In addition to the options of bombs or rockets, the P-38's weaponry will punish any open-topped vehicles. The tactics for a ground attack are mainly brought out in making diving attacks in Ground RB. However, as mentioned earlier, you must pay attention to your surroundings- as you have no markers for enemy aircraft, and a loss of situational awareness will be your undoing. That being said, approach the battlefield from high altitude, or come in low and fast. When you spot an enemy vehicle, line up your attack run, then drop your bomb when you are close to the ground. Using the dive brakes is extremely recommended, as you can lose control quickly or need to pull up at a moment's notice. It is paramount you do not have "Assault Fuse" for your bombs, as you will be caught in the blast radius. When you have completed your attack runs using bombs or rockets, try and strafe enemy positions to spot for your allies and possibly eliminate enemy Self Propelled Anti-Aircraft vehicles as well. You can also act still as an Air Superiority fighter to keep your friendly ground forces in the game.

===Specific enemies worth noting===

====German Aircraft====
At your battle rating of 4.7, you can (and will) get dragged into some 5.7 BR games. That being said, your greatest threats come from the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-8, given the speed and firepower it has. You also need to worry about late models of the Bf 109, such as the G-6, G-10, G-14 and the K-4 variants, which have the speed, firepower and even the manoeuvrability to tear the Lightning apart. It is plausible you will face the Fw 190 D variants, which will give you a serious run for your money, as will the Ta 152's. At 4.7, you also need to take into consideration that you will be facing Allied aircraft captured by the Germans- most notable among them are the Tempest V and the P-47 Thunderbolt. The vast majority of the German planes you will be facing have a high climb rate and are excellent energy fighters, which can leave you at a gaping deficit when facing Axis teams.

====Japanese Aircraft====
Japanese planes are notorious for their extreme turning abilities, which usually decimates Allied teams. This does not change in the higher battle ratings. The most dangerous Japanese aircraft that the P-38L-5LO Lightning will face is the Mitsubishi J2M4 Raiden, which has a top speed to rival even the Mustang. In addition, the J2M4 Raiden carries an armament of four 20 mm cannons, which will tear the Lightning to bits. Another dangerous opponent for the P-38L is the A7M1 and the A7M2 Reppu, which also have powerful armaments and a tighter turn radius than a Zero.

====Soviet Aircraft====
Any aircraft bearing the prefix "Yak" is going to give you issues. Most notable among all of these planes will be the Yak-3P, as the aircraft has very powerful nose-mounted weaponry and can turn exceptionally well. The Yak-9T will also give you some problems, as the Yak-9T's 37 mm cannon will turn your aircraft into pieces of flying debris with one well-placed hit. The La-7 will also be a viable threat, as it has powerful nose-mounted weaponry combined with amazing capabilities as an energy fighter. Do not head-on any variant of a Su-6 or IL-10, as their weaponry is mainly designed for busting open tanks and pillboxes. Do not tail either of those attackers for long either, due to their 20 mm defensive cannon.

====British Aircraft====
The British aircraft are notorious for their turning capabilities and heavy armament at this Battle-Rating. Any late variant of the Spitfire is going to give you problems, most notable among these variants are the Spitfire F. Mk.IX, the Spitfire Mk.Vc, and the Spitfire Mk.Vc/trop. Another notable adversary is the Typhoon Mk.Ib /Late, due to its heavy armament and good turning abilities.

====Counter-tactics====

With all the aspects mentioned above, the P-38L-5-LO is by no means an easy plane to kill. A P-38L pilot will play this aircraft more conservatively / reserved- mostly using it in a Boom-n'-Zoom fashion. However, a P-38L is a large target, thus making it highly exposed in a turn. That is the best way to secure a kill on a P-38L. Even if you only set the Lightning on fire, all the fuel tanks are either on the inside of the fuselage or in the wing-tips. That being said, a P-38L pilot will only be able to put out a fire if they exceed the structural integrity of the plane.

In addition, the P-38L has a bubble canopy, which offers minimal protection from incoming fire. Getting a pilot snipe on a P-38L is not totally uncommon.

If a P-38L is diving on you, try to force it to over-shoot by pulling either a Corkscrew or a Split-S. If you pull a Corkscrew and the Lightning overshoots, position yourself for a well-placed burst and try to knock-out the pilot. If you choose to pull a Split-S and the Lightning over-shoots, re-position yourself to energy-fight the P-38L.

The P-38L is also a very good energy fighter, thus rendering it able to make some very tight turns, but only for so long. If a Lightning manages to get behind you, try to out-manoeuvre it to then get behind or force it into a vertical scissors fight. In vertical scissors, a Lightning can only pull tight turns for so long before it bleeds too much energy- uses that to your advantage.

Heads-up for German, Soviet and Italian players: while you may have strong nose-mounted weaponry to attack the Lightning in a head-on engagement, the P-38L will make you pay dearly. The "Air Targets" ammunition for the AN/M2 20 mm cannons makes the Lightning an even deadlier foe- especially if you are flying a Yak. If you find yourself facing a Lightning in a head-on engagement, fire a quick burst, then quickly dive to avoid being hit from incoming enemy return-fire.

It is ill-advised to try and out-dive a P-38L. This is directly resulting from the P-38L having a set of dive-brakes that will easily allow the pilot to reduce their speed if they are approaching the speed that the plane disintegrates. Of all the defensive actions you take, do not try to out-dive this plane.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Accurate armament of 4 x 12.7 mm Browning MG's and 1 x 20 mm AN/M2 cannon (great for long-range shooting as its nose-mounted)
* Dive flaps to solve the P-38's high-speed dive recovery problem
* Dive flaps boost turn rate drastically for short durations
* Hydraulically boosted ailerons result in a higher roll rate
* Twin engines mean you can continue flying if one is damaged
* Good all-around cockpit visibly
* When spaded can out-manoeuvre even Yak's and [[Spitfire_(Family)|Spitfire]]s
* Good energy retention
* Well armoured for a head-on, although caution is still needed
* Being a heavy fighter it can choose to spawn in attackers' spawn point for AB only
* Works well with MEC
* Can carry a variety of ground attack ordnance (either bombs or rockets)
* Good high altitude performance
* Adequate ammo for 20 mm cannons
* Very responsive controls even at lower speeds
* One of the few fighter aircraft with air brakes
* The 20 mm cannon has access to "Air Target" ammunition, which will punish enemy planes
* Can mount 2 x 2 12.7 mm gun pods for increased firepower at a slight performance hit

'''Cons:'''

* High tendency to catch fire due to easy to hit fuel tanks inside wings, which means you cannot put out a fire without destroying the airframe
* Tendency to lock up at high speeds (700 kph+ or 435 mph+)
* Very poor turn rate without flaps
* Is not very durable
* Nose mounted armament, precision is required
* Large target as its a twin-engine fighter aircraft
* Gunpods are mounted on the outboard wing sections, resulting in significant convergence

== History ==


The concept of the plane was made in February 1937 when the US Army Air Corps made a requirement for a plane that had twin-engine and can act as a high-altitude interceptor that can hold a large amount of armament and ammunition. The term "interceptor" was used for the aircraft by the requirement authors, 1st Lt Benjamin S. Kelsey and Gordon P. Saville, to bypass the Air Corps' strict requirements on aircraft designs at the time. The specifications laid by this new requirements also called for a maximum speed of 360 mph (580 km/h) and able to climb to 20,000 ft altitude in six minutes, making it the toughest specifications at the time. Design proposals were made for the specifications, one of which would become the [[P-39N-0|Bell P-39 Airacobra]], but it was the Lockheed design team headed by Hall Hibbard and Clarence "Kelly" Johnson that made the final product. They made many designs with a twin-engine configuration. The prototypes made for the design used a twin-boom design to hold all the components of the aircraft. Various armaments were tested on the aircraft, from different machine gun combinations and autocannons. It was finally settled to four M2 .50 cal machine guns and one Hispano 20 mm autocannon. The aircraft armament configurations, all at the nose of the aircraft, was very unusual for American aircraft design, as most of their designs and those of their foreign contemporaries had the armament mounted on the wings angled forward. Because of this mounting, the aircraft is able to fire at a longer distance accurately than wing-mounts.

===Combat usage===
The P-38 performed very well in the Pacific and European theatres during World War II. They were used in roles such as Bombers Escorts, Escort V.I.P's, Performing reconnaissance over enemy locations, Combat Air Patrols, Ground Attack, Search and Rescue and other important and critical roles.

=== Notable pilots ===
[[File:Richard_Bong_portrait.jpg|thumb|none|250px|link=User:U64962917#Bong,_Richard_I.|Major [[User:U64962917#Bong, Richard I.|Richard Bong]] flew the P-38 fighter for the duration of his career of the war and was credited with 40 confirmed victories over Japanese aircraft.]]

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=p-38l Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Northrop [[P-61C-1]] Black Widow
* North American [[F-82E]]
* de Havilland [[Mosquito FB.Mk.26]]
* Westland [[Whirlwind Mk I]]
* Nakajima [[J5N1]]
* Savoia-Marchetti [[SM.92]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/272429-lockheed-p-38l-5-lo/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Lockheed}}
{{USA twin-engine fighters}}

Bf 109 G-2/trop

2021-12-09T19:16:58Z

U104685692: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = German fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Bf 109 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=bf-109g-2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Bf_109_G-2trop.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_bf-109g-2.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

The Bf 109 G-2/trop fulfils many roles in War Thunder: it can be used as a bomber interceptor and as a fighter bomber but where it really shines is the role of a pure fighter. The G-2 should be flown like every Bf 109 in an energy fighting style. The best climbing speed for the G-2 is 230 km/h (IAS) (alternative 270km/h (IAS) to pull of emergency manoeuvres faster) and you should climb from the start with WEP enabled to gain altitude/energy quickly.

This is the tropical variant of the "Gustav Zwei". Like the [[Bf 109 F-4/trop]] it features an engine intake dust filter, a socket for sun-umbrellas and several other accommodations versus particulate matter. While these modifications allowed for prolonged service life in harsh environments like North Africa, the Russian veld and Libya's desert, they also (marginally) cost top speed and engine performance due to increased air resistance and power diversion for the filtered aspirator.

The Gustav-2, like the [[Bf 109 F-4]], has a very accurate and deadly main armament, which is mainly achieved by the engine mounted MG 151/20 cannon. The MG 151/20 cannon operates at a rate of fire of 750 rounds per minute with a muzzle velocity of 710-785 m/s and is capable to shoot one of the most effective cannon rounds against aircraft: the mighty minengeschoß (eng. Mineshell), which contains 20 g of high explosive filler. The Minengeschoß is in game shown as "HEI - High-explosive incendiary shell (minengeschoß)" and rips wings off with only few hits. It is very likely to hit viable parts of aircraft like fuel tanks and cooling systems because of the fuse delay which allows the Minengeschoß to penetrate half through wings before the shell explodes. The MG 17 machine gun operates at a rate of fire of 1,150 rpm and was used up to the Bf 109 G-4 at which point they finally upgraded with the bigger [[MG 131 (13 mm)|MG 131]] with a calibre of 13 mm. The MG 17 was called "Luftwaffenanklopfgerät" (eng. Airforce-knock-knock-thing) derogatorily by German Luftwaffe pilots due to the small calibre and damage effect on aircraft.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 659 || 643 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.0 || 20.7 || 19.6 || 19.5 || rowspan="2" | 304
|-
! Upgraded
| 705 || 682 || 18.0 || 19.0 || 27.6 || 23.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 437 || 408 || 260 || ~13 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 450 || < 390 || < 450 || > 715
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,700 m || 1,260 hp || 1,399 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 60 mm Bulletproof glass in front of the pilot.
* 4-8 mm Steel plates on pilot seat.
* 10 mm Steel plates around the pilot's head.
* 21 mm Steel plate on the rear of the fuel tank, with 4 mm plates surrounding it on other sides.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

It is recommended to unlock all flight performance and survivability modules first, with exception of the weaponry module "Offensive 20 mm". Unlock this upgrade as soon as you can, because it gains access to the "Air Targets" ammo belt, which provides significantly larger damage effects than the default belt.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|MG 151 (20 mm)|MG 17 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon, nose-mounted (200 rpg)
* 2 x 7.92 mm MG 17 machine guns, nose-mounted (500 rpg = 1,000 total)

The two machine guns are in the upper part of the fuselage just in front of the cockpit. The 20 mm cannon is mounted to fire through the propeller shaft and out the propeller hub.

'''Recommended Ammunition Belts'''

Pilots who are really experienced with the aiming and hitting of the MG 151/20, might want to use stealth belts on the MGs and cannons, to avoid being spotted by tracers. Using stealth belts on the machine guns only is also useful for aiming the cannon more easily without the distraction provided by the light machine gun tracers.

;MG 151/20

*Air Targets: Air Targets (AP-I/HEI/HEI/HEI/HEI/IT) // Consisting of 2/3 Minengeschoße, this belt is very effective against any aircraft.
*Ground Targets: Armored Targets (APHE/APHE/APHE/IT)

;MG 17

*Air Targets: Universal (AP-T/AP/AI/AP-I)
*Ground Targets: Tracer (AP-T)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|SC50JA (50 kg)|SC250JA (250 kg)|MG 151 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 4 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (200 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg SC250JA bomb (250 kg total)
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, wing-mounted (gunpods) (135 rpg = 270 total)

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Cockpit_Bf109g2.jpg|thumbnail|A very clear setup with big gauges fitted into the instrument panel. Visibility, however, is rather dreadful, deflection shots are only possible via ''good feeling'' and rearward sight is non-existent. A step backwards from the earlier E-series which will only see improvement with the Erlenhaube like on Bf 109 G-10.]]

'''Fighter:'''

The Bf 109 G-2 was designed as a fighter aircraft and thus excels in the role of it. It reaches its maximal performance with of course no secondary weapons equipped. However, if one 20 mm MG 151/20 is not sufficient, especially against bombers, utilising two extra MG 151/20 in form of gunpods will noticeably increase firepower at the expense of a slight loss in flight performance.

'''Bomber interceptor:'''

When facing any bombers (e.g. B-25, B-17, Wellington, Yer-2) one should never simply stay behind them and spray the guns all over the bomber. To take out any bomber effectively, the best tactic is to come in with high speed out of a steep angle and focus the guns on just one wing. This will give the bombers' gunners a harder time to ward off the attacker, whilst focusing on only one wing increases greatly the chance of a critical hit, either snapping off a wing or making the bomber uncontrollable. Since it can be quite hard to snap off a wing of a bomber with "only" one MG 151/20, it is highly recommended to make use of the previously mentioned 20 mm MG 151/20 gunpods.

'''Fighter Bomber:'''

The G-2 can also be used as a fighter bomber. To fulfil this role one has the choice between either one 250 kg bomb or four 50 kg bombs, which are dropped in pairs of two. The 250 kg bomb is quite easily capable of destroying hard ground targets like pillboxes and tanks, while the 50 kg bombs can only crack such targets with a direct hit/detonation on target. Please note that only on rare occasions it is helpful to waste the G-2s fighter capabilities with ground attacking in order to achieve victory in a mission.

'''Arcade Battles'''

The G-2 in AB has a massively elevated performance. Climb rate is insane due to the lack of engine damage from overheating and performance losses from the 2 gunpods are almost nonexistent or unnoticeable.
The aforementioned gun pods greatly improve the damage output, important for the fast past action in Arcade. Although in a true one versus one against more agile opponents such as Spitfire Mk.V, one would wish to not have equipped the pods for better agility.

Flying the G-2 in a strict Boom and Zoom style is recommended for beginners in Arcade.

[[File:FighterImage Bf109G2trop001.jpg|thumbnail|right|Bf 109 landed on map Eastern Europe. M10 tank destroyer for scale in the background.]]

'''Realistic Battles/Simulator Battles'''

During a dive, redlining starts at 750 km/h (IAS) and your aircraft breaks apart around 820 km/h (IAS) and til you reach this speed you can not rip your wings off with pulling up. You have access to 20/30/45 minutes of fuel, for most maps 30 minutes of fuel is a good choice.

While in the offence against a fighter in the Bf 109 G-2/trop (i.e. with an energy advantage, ready to engage the enemy either by diving or zoom climbing), a swift pass landing 20 mm hits in the wing should suffice to take down the opponent. If the opponent avoids the attack by applying defensive manoeuvres, the energy the evading opponent lost in the process will put the attacking Bf 109 in an even larger advantage, so 'Gustav' pilots should face this situation as an advantage and handle it patiently, not wasting ammunition nor risking lengthy and risky horizontal turn fighting. The pilot should gain altitude (bear in mind that, without a comfortable distance from enemies, climbing can equate to giving an optimal shot to the enemy), get enough room to position for another strike and finally re-engage the enemy fighter, hopefully striking it down. All these precautions are of course much less necessary when no threats are nearby. In this case, aggressive dog fighting while still relying on the energy advantage can be the quickest way to take any opponent down. At speeds around 350-450 km/h (IAS) the horizontal turning ability of the G-2 is at its finest and can be further improved with the use of combat/take off flaps. The key is situational awareness to realize such opportunities.

As for situations when the Gustav-2 pilot is in the defence (i.e. with an energy disadvantage, prone to being fatally engaged by an enemy either by diving or zoom climbing), either due to not climbing optimally or by facing tough opponents such as the Spitfire F. Mk IX (known for its climb rate), (s)he will likely risk head-on engagements.
Head-ons are generally a bad idea because you risk your own machine to take damage. But with the armament of the G-2 which is very accurate and deadly (especially with gunpods), you have good chances to kill or at least damage an enemy at distances of 1.0 - 1.2 km just by firing a burst and then evade the head on with for example a simple downwards barrel roll without taking a single hit. This needs, of course, some experience to hit at these long ranges. [https://youtu.be/MYntUdGexUA?t=72 Example Video]

If the enemy owns the energy advantage, your best bet is to avoid his attacks with simple and energy efficient manoeuvres like the [http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/33818-acm-and-tactics/?p=398969 Split-S] and climb every time you have the time to. But keep in mind: Slow targets are much easier to hit than fast targets, so convert your altitude early enough to speed to avoid an incoming attack successfully. Another option can be to evade an enemy Boom and Zoom attack with a simple downwards [http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/33818-acm-and-tactics/?p=415273 barrel roll], when the enemy overshoots you and starts climbing again you have a small time window to fire a burst at him.

=====Useful air combat manoeuvres=====

* [http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/33818-acm-and-tactics/?p=398969 Hammerhead]
* [http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/33818-acm-and-tactics/?p=409059 Rope-A-Dope]
* [http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/33818-acm-and-tactics/?p=398970 High / low Yo-yo]
* [http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/33818-acm-and-tactics/?p=415273 Rolling Scissors]
* [http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/33818-acm-and-tactics/?p=398969 Split S]
* [[Guide_to_manual_engine_controls|Manual engine control]]
* Advanced energy fighting
* [[Boom & Zoom]]

====Specific enemies worth noting====

[[File:FighterImage_Bf109G-2trop002.jpg|thumbnail|left|Default camouflage. Map "Eastern Europe".]]
There are a variety of deadly opponents the Bf 109 G-2/trop may face, and one should be very careful when battling such aircraft.

✭ '''Soviet Aircraft:''' 
Against [[:Category:USSR aircraft|Soviet aircraft]], one should be careful and climb high at the start of the match, since the majority of Soviet fighters at the G-2's level outperform it in practically every aspect at low altitude, whilst losing lots of performance at medium and high altitudes. The performance of aircraft like the [[La-5FN]] or the [[Yak-3]] starts to drop at 3,000 m, whilst the Bf 109 G-2 will do perfectly well at altitudes like 6,000m. Climbing to a high altitude is key to success. At these altitudes, the G-2 pilot can Boom & Zoom Soviet fighters as well as turnfight them, the only major concern is not to lose the hard-earned altitude and become a low and slow target. One very exploitable disadvantage of Soviet aircraft is their proneness to crashing at high speeds. Either offensively or defensively, the Bf 109 G-2/trop can dive faster than all of its Soviet opponents, since it will not crash from over-speed at any less than 800 km/h (IAS), whilst most Soviet fighters struggle to reach 720 km/h (IAS). If in disadvantage at low altitude and the situation does not allow to dive away, G-2 pilots should try to lead their six towards teammates and/or friendly AAA.

✪ '''USAF Aircraft:''' 
Fighting against [[:Category:USA aircraft|American aircraft]] is a very interesting experience. First, fighters like the F4U-1c Corsair, the P-51D-5 Mustang and the P-47D-25 Thunderbolt are better divers by far than the Bf 109 G-2, reaching higher speeds, manoeuvring better at high speed, and also much more efficient in high-speed climbs, excelling at the fighting style known as Boom & Zoom. Therefore, the G-2 pilot must exploit other advantages of the plane, namely its good horizontal manoeuvrability at speeds from 350 km/h to 450 km/h (IAS) and its impressive rate of climb and acceleration thanks to a very favourable power-to-weight ratio. Meanwhile, the majority of American fighters are heavy and can neither turn well nor climb well (in a sustained climb). The priority against American fighters should be to gain an energy advantage. If these are fast, then trying to beat them in a climb is not really an option, so engaging in tight, speed-costly manoeuvres is the best choice, in order to leave the enemy at a speed where they can be out-climbed. At this point, the Bf 109 pilot can either climb to gain an advantage or continue manoeuvring aggressively in order to get the guns on the target and shoot it down. In situations of numerical inferiority, patience is important - climbing to gain an advantage is more advisable than obsessing with getting an immediate kill. There are of course some American aircraft against which the Gustav pilot will have no particular advantage in regards to climb rate and acceleration, such as the Kingcobra or the XP-50. If the pilot has no energy advantage on these aircraft, lining up for a shot is a difficult task.

♔ '''British Aircraft:''' 
As for British planes, the Spitfires will out-turn the Bf-109 G-2/trop horizontally with ease. Never forget to climb, it is often the 109s only constant advantage. However, the Spitfire F Mk. IX, at 4.3, bridges the gap in engine power and climb speed between the Mark V spitfires and the Bf-109. These aircraft are given the moniker of "spacefire" thanks to their excellent climbing abilities. Keep an eye out above you, because an experienced Spitfire F Mk IX pilot will try to dive on you from above. The biggest British threat found on a regular base is the [[Typhoon Mk Ib]]. This fighter mounts 4 x 20 mm cannons whilst having a decent climb rate, very good dive capabilities and sufficient turn rates. The best bet to counter this aircraft is in manoeuvres which rely on the roll rate of a plane (e.g. [http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/33818-acm-and-tactics/?p=415273 rolling scissors]), simply because the Typhoon's roll rate is appalling. An even bigger threat but thankfully only fighting the G-2 rarely is the [[Spitfire LF Mk IX]]. This fighter outperforms the G-2 in almost every aspect and should be always number one priority to take down.

❁ '''Japanese Aircraft:''' 
Japanese A6M and Ki-43 fighters turn horizontally even better than the Spitfires and are overall very manoeuvrable. Never engage these fighters in a dog fight. Rely on the 109s superior speed and high altitude performance instead. A big threat for the G-2 are the J2M3 and Ki-84 fighters, both climb and accelerate very good. However the J2M3 performs poor at high speeds (compression) unlike the Ki-84 which is a great diver. But you can beat both in a horizontally turn fight.

✙ '''German Aircraft:''' 
The German [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190]] is an excellent diver with also excellent maximum speeds and roll rates, but an awful horizontal turner and an average climber compared to the Bf 109 G-2. Engaging the Fw 190 horizontally is often the easiest way to win a dog fight. If you meet another Bf 109 focus it and avoid losing the energy advantage.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent climb rate at all altitudes
* Good acceleration and roll rate
* Very good energy retention
* Strongest thrust/mass ratio of all Bf 109s in War Thunder
* Not easy to rip your wings off (790 km/h)
* High agility at moderate speeds (350-450 km/h)
* Great for stall fighting: stall control is excellent
* Durable airframe: the only fuel tank is surrounded with armor plates
* Very effective armament
** All weaponry mounted in the nose, allowing easy aiming without having to worry about convergence
** Can increase firepower by 20 mm MG 151 gunpods

'''Cons:'''

* Bad dogfighting characteristics:
** High manoeuvrability often lures inexperienced users of this aircraft to engage in turn fights
** Inferior horizontal turn rate compared to most opponents at low speeds
** Flaps are sluggish to deploy and rip at low speeds (437 km/h TAS)
** Gunpods sacrifice turn rate and roll rate by a significant degree
* Bad high speed performance (locks up early)
* Bad cockpit visibility (SB)
* Only able to trim elevator (SB)
* Weaponry can be ineffective when stock
** Only two 7.92 MGs and one 20 mm cannon
** Low ammo count when not using gunpods
* Engine tends to overheat significantly
* Huge engine torque causes severe turning when taking off (SB)

== History ==

The Bf 109 is a single-seat monoplane fighter which was the back bone of the German airforce; before and during WWII. It was designed, by Wilhelm Emil Messerschmitt; in the year 1934 and was continuously improved until 1945. The German Luftwaffe used in such roles as: a fighter; interceptor; high-altitude interceptor; fighter-bomber and reconnaissance aircraft. It is also, one of the most produced fighter aircraft; with around 34,000 built from 1936 to April 1945.

The production of the Bf 109 Gustav-2 started in spring 1942 and was the first Bf 109 to arrive combat units with the new DB 605 A engine. The suffix /trop means that this 109 has a special filter mounted to prevent damaging the engine from sand and other particles, which allowed combat use in tropical areas like deserts. The German Luftwaffe used this version in Africa. The famous German fighter ace Hans-Joachim Marseille died due to a technical defect in his Bf 109 G-2/trop "Yellow 14".

=== In-game description ===
The Messerschmitt Bf 109 was a single-seat monoplane fighter used by the Luftwaffe before and during WWII. It was used as a fighter, interceptor, high-altitude interceptor, fighter-bomber and reconnaissance aircraft.

The Bf 109 G "Gustav" was the most mass-produced variant of the 109, powered by the Daimler-Benz DB 605. The 605 was basically a DB 601 with the cylinder block redesigned to increase displacement from 33.9, to 35.7 liters - which resulted in 175 extra HP with no significant change in size. The Gustav also received improved armament. Instead of the previously standard 7.62mm MG 17 machine guns, 13mm MG 131 heavy machine guns were used. The heavier guns lead to distinct cowling bulges, needed to cover the breechblocks on the new guns.

However, the increased equipment led to heavier weight on the Gustav, in fact 10% heavier than the Friedrich. Compared to the much earlier Bf 109B, the Gustav was almost 46% heavier. The new aircraft had begun to reach front-line units by May 1942. In essence, the Bf 109 design had reached its peak, and would ideally need to be replaced with newer, more modern designs. However, the troubled Me 209 replacement was still in development and things at the front were beginning to look ominous for Germany. Consequently, the {{Annotation|RLM|Reichsluftfahrtministerium}} decided to continue to further refine the 109.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=bf-109g-2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

[[File:Bf 109 G-2trop Minna-Dietlinde Wilcke.mp4|thumb|"Minna-Dietlinde Wilcke" collaboration camouflage|none]]
[[File:Bf 109 G-2trop Eila Ilmatar Juutilainen.mp4|thumb|"Eila Ilmatar Juutilainen" collaboration camouflage|none]]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|t3xD7JpnHeI|'''Best aircraft for Boom & Zoom''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:01 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* North American [[P-51 (Family)|P-51]] Mustang
* Kawasaki [[Ki-61-I hei]] / [[Ki-61-II]]
* Macchi [[C.205N2|C.205]]
* Fiat [[G.55 (Family)|G.55]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.ru/index.php?/topic/81616-pasport-bf-109-g-2/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[wikipedia:Messerschmitt_Bf_109_variants#Early_Bf_109G_models|[Wikipedia] Messerschmitt Bf 109 variants - Early Bf 109G models]]
* [http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/me109/me-109g2-trop.html <nowiki>[WWII Aircraft Performance]</nowiki> Me 109G2/trop]

{{AirManufacturer BFW}}
{{Germany fighters}}

Me 410 B-6/R3

2021-11-10T20:44:34Z

U104685692: /* Radars */

{{About
| about = German strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Me 410 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=me-410b-6_r3
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Me_410_B-6_R3.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

== General info ==
[[File:Cockpit_Me410.jpg|thumbnail|right|The Me 410's instrument panel.]]
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,900 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 598 || 582 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 32.2 || 33.2 || 8.1 || 8.1 || rowspan="2" | 520
|-
! Upgraded
| 644 || 620 || 29.9 || 31.0 || 14.0 || 10.8
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 457 || 428 || 280 || ~12 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 360 || < 360 || < 460 || > 265
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,750 m || 3,120 hp || 3,551 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 8 mm steel - front of cockpit (either side of the glass)
* 5 mm steel - wings leading edge (in front of fuel tanks)
* 8 mm steel - prop hub and gear bay
* 9 mm steel - top and bottoms of wings (around the liquid cooling system)
* 8 mm steel - plates in the tail
* 8 mm steel - bulkhead aft of gunner
* 8 mm steel - between gunner and pilot
* 12 mm steel - pilot's headrest
* 60 mm bulletproof glass - in front of the pilot (inside aircraft)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|MK 103 (30 mm)|MG 151 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm MK 103 cannons, chin-mounted (120 rpg = 240 total)
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, fuselage-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|MG 131 (13 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 13 mm MG 131 machine gun, 2 x beam turrets (450 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

The Me 410 B-6/R3, unlike its predecessors, has two 30 mm cannons in addition to the regular 20 mm cannons found on any Me 410. However, the 7.92 mm machine guns have been removed from the aircraft. With the 30 mm ammunition belts modification, the 30 mm cannons combined with HVAP-T belts make short work of light pillboxes, light and medium tanks, and even heavy tanks if hit on the side or back. Due to this, your primary goal should be unlocking the (Tier III) 30 mm ammunition belts.

The ''"Hornisse"'' is most well suited for bomber hunting due to its heavy armament. The aircraft can even use BnZ tactics against other aircraft, provided there is enough altitude. If you are planning to do aerial combat, be sure to side climb, as the 410's climb rate is far from superior to the Spitfires and Bearcats you will face. It is also equipped with airbrakes, which is quite unusual for an aircraft of its size and role. As with any plane, it is inadvisable to attack a bomber by sitting on its tail. It is advisable that you key-bind the 20 mm and 30 mm cannons separately if you are going for the CAS role it is well-suited for. Binding different buttons to fire the cannons separately can conserve a lot of ammo, as you can discriminate between which calibre to use when going after heavily-armoured or lightly-armoured targets. When choosing to go for the role of an interceptor, it is important (though you do not need too) that you cue the 30 mm and 20 mm together, as it will make much more of a difference in the 1-3 seconds worth of a good deflection.

===Radars===
{{main|FuG 202}}
The Me 410 B-6/R3 is equipped with a FuG 200 search radar, located in the nose of the aircraft; a control box which is part of the radar damage model is located behind the pilot.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | FuG 200 - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
| 20,000 m || UT || ±120° || ±60°
|-
|}

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Devastating high-velocity firepower with plentiful ammunition, is able to rip through any aircraft or vehicle in a short burst
* The defensive armament consists of two 13 mm machine guns, which can effectively chew through any aircraft's engine block
* Extremely versatile, can switch between CAP and CAS roles effectively
* The rear turrets have excellent coverage, covering almost all attacks from the rear of the aircraft
* Armour protects vital areas, such as the tail gunner, radiators, engines, and leading edges of the wing
* Has access to a target detection radar
* Is equipped with airbrakes, allowing for tighter turns and steeper dive angles
* Accelerates quite fast, especially in level flight
* Engine power is sufficient that it can fly on one engine
* Engines will cool down slowly even when the throttle is 100%
* Does not lose a significant amount of energy during manoeuvres
* Low-speed manoeuvring is impressive for the plane type due to slats
* Starts flying in a match with an air spawn

'''Cons:'''

* Large target
* Limited pilot protection, the pilot's torso and chest areas are not protected by armour
* Rate of climb is impairing
* Enters compressibility all too often when reaching 350 mph (563 km/h)
* Lacks effective ground attack without 30 mm HVAP
* No payload options
* Below mediocre maneuverabilty, especially roll rate, when compared to its rivals
* Tends to pitch up when extending flaps, can be deadly while landing

== History ==


=== In-game description ===
In addition to the main Me 410 B modifications, a number of special-purpose variants of the Hornet were created for maritime operations. The anti-ship Me 410 B-6/R3 modification was equipped with a FuG 200 Hohentwiel patrol radar system and a suspended WB 103 container with two 30 mm Rheinmetall-Borsig MK 103 cannons.

Also, several Me 410 B-2/U3 planes received a FuG 200 radar, with the nose-mounted 13 mm Rheinmetall-Borsig MG 13 machine guns removed.

The Me 410 B-5 maritime attack aircraft, with glide bombs (BT-Körper) as its main weapon, was to become the most significant Me 410 variation for sea operations. The bombs could only be suspended externally: two 400 kg BT 400s under the fuselage or up to six 200 kg BT 200s (two bombs under the fuselage and four under the wings). The aircraft was equipped with a FuG 200 radar and two 20 mm Mauser MG 151/20 cannons. The 13 mm Rheinmetall-Borsig MG 131 machine guns, both in the nose section and in the remote-controlled FDL 131 mobile mounts, were removed. The bomb bay was not used as a bomb bay and instead had an extra 650-litre fuel tank mounted inside. Instead of BT bombs, the Me 410 B-5 could carry a 900 kg LT5b aerial torpedo, a 760 kg LT5i, or a 1,800 kg SC 1800 bomb. When a SC 1800 was included, the fuel tank was removed from the bomb bay.

Other types of anti-ship weapons were also tested on the Me 410 B-5, such as the 800 kg SB 800RS bouncing bomb or the 1,000 kg SB 1000/400 bomb, with a decreased diameter designed to reduce drag. The bomb was stabilized by a braking parachute upon its being dropped.

In May 1943, the first Me 410s appeared in the front line in Tunisia. In June 1943, the Hornets took part in raids over Britain. Beginning in April 1944, they were used by the German Air Defence Force.

Although the Me 410 was superior to the Bf 110 in its performance characteristics, most of all in its speed and flight range, it was inferior as far as versatility was concerned. The Me 410's production was discontinued in September 1944. By this time, 1,160 machines were built in all versions, including bombers and scouts. It should be noted that some aircraft were redesigned Me.210s whose construction had not yet been completed.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=assault&vehicle=me-410b-6_r3 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|vhTZXYk6eao|'''Tank busters''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:03 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/227206-messerschmitt-me-410-b-6r3/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer BFW}}
{{Germany strike aircraft}}

Ju 188 A-2

2021-11-05T23:15:25Z

U104685692: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=ju-188a-2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 495 || 477 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 33.4 || 34.5 || 5.4 || 5.4 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 547 || 520 || 30.7 || 32.0 || 11.3 || 8.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 457 || 428 || 280 || ~12 || ~9
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 370 || < 360 || < 450 || > 290
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 5 mm steel in front of rearmost dorsal gunner*
* 6 mm steel on top of dorsal gun ammo
* 6 mm steel under and in front of ventral gunner*
* 6 mm steel around turret ring of dorsal gunner**
* 6 mm steel in front of dorsal gunner
* 6 mm steel in front of dorsal gunner's face
* 6 mm steel behind base of pilot's seat
* 8 mm steel - pilot's seat
* 60 mm bulletproof glass in front of rearmost dorsal gunner*
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (1 in central fuselage, 2 in each wing)

<nowiki>*</nowiki>Note that the gunner is rear-facing.

<nowiki>**</nowiki>The "dorsal gunner" and not the "rearmost dorsal gunner" is the one closer to the pilot.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|SC50JA (50 kg)|SC250JA (250 kg)|SC500K (500 kg)|SC1000L2 (1,000 kg)|SC1800B (1,800 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 10 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (500 kg total)
* 6 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 6 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs + 10 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg SC500K bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg SC500K bombs + 10 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg SC500K bombs + 2 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs + 10 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 2 x 1,000 kg SC1000L2 bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 2 x 1,000 kg SC1000L2 bombs + 2 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs + 10 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (3,000 kg total)
* 1 x 1,800 kg SC1800B bomb + 1 x 1,000 kg SC1000L2 bomb (2,800 kg total)
* 1 x 1,800 kg SC1800B bomb + 3 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs (2,550 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|MG 151 (20 mm)|MG 131 (13 mm)|MG 81 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon, nose turret (250 rpg)
* 1 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon, top dorsal turret (250 rpg)
* 1 x 13 mm MG 131 machine gun, lower dorsal turret (500 rpg)
* 2 x 7.92 mm MG 81 machine guns, ventral turret (500 rpg = 1,000 total)

== Usage in battles ==

While utilising a stock version of the aircraft, choosing the option to use the 50SC x 10 payload performs best for when rushing ground troops, of course, when possible, drop them more on one target. As soon as you have better payload options, you also have the opportunity to go for bases.

At the beginning of the match, you should always go into a shallow dive to maximise your speed, and by that the chance to get to your target before anybody else, and to cover the underside of the plane by simply flying close to the ground. Your 20 mm cannon on top of the the canopy is deadly, and as soon as you have the universal belt unlocked, you can shoot down multiple enemy fighters before going down yourself. However, try to avoid head-ons because of your glass cockpit and mind that your 20mm can't fire directly behind the plane because the rudder blocks it.

If you have all loadouts unlocked, the one with the 2x1000kg, 2x250kg and 10x50kg is the best for destroying bases. The 2x250kg drop at the same time from your wingtips and with one 1000kg bomb, they are enough to destroy one base. The other 11 bombs are enough for a second base. This is also the loadout with the most payload so you should use it for AFs as well. Concerning ground targets, you can use the loadout you prefer, just make sure you have 3 bomb drops before you get to the 50kg bombs in the bomb bay.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fast bomber, faster than the Do 217 series
* Manoeuvrable, even better with empty payload when returning to base
* Versatile payload options with 3,000 kg of maximum payload
* Defensive armament is an upgrade from the Do 217 series
* Durable, can survive hits that might down other bombers of similar size
* Rear gunners are protected by several armour plates
* Top 20 mm turret has a full circle traverse
* Powerful engines
* Fast-deploying landing gear
* WEP can be used in long periods of time

'''Cons:'''

* Doesn't have the ability to dive bomb accurately
* No armour from the front
* Abysmal stock payload

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=bomber&vehicle=ju-188a-2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|XNOyL9mH9yE|'''Ju-188 A-2 Spade Review. Good, but not worth a 5.3 BR''' - ''Joseph 2000''|SJGTWZTO8o8|'''Ju 188 A-2 - Update 1.97 Dev Server''' - ''TheEuropeanCanadian''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/479239-ju-188a-2/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Junkers}}
{{Germany bombers}}

F-82E

2021-11-02T10:09:25Z

U104685692: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = American twin-engine fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = P-51 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f-82e
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_f-82e.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American twin-engine fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.39]].

Perhaps the most distinctive feature about the F-82E "Twin Mustang" is that it literally looks like two P-51 conjoined together into a plane.

This means the F-82E Twin Mustang has nearly two of everything, two fuselages, two engines, two tails, and two pilots. The last of which makes the Twin Mustang more survivable than most other aircraft as each can work independently if the other is incapacitated.

Built with the intent of long-range escort for the B-29 Superfortress bombers, the fuel capacity in the Twin Mustang is also much higher than its contemporaries.

Unlike the preceding American planes, the Twin Mustang no longer features wing-mounted armament but instead are now centre-mounted between the fuselages, so gun convergence is no longer a big issue.

The F-82E works best as a high-altitude bomber-killer or escort plane. While its respectable payload of bombs, machine guns, and rockets make it an effective ground attacker, it is very vulnerable in that role unless the enemy's fighters have all been neutralized.

The F-82E's main assets are its destructive firepower (with the gun pod) combined with massive ammo count, its good climbing speed and its amazing escape speed. Using the tracer bullets and shooting continuously it is possible to adjust aim effectively from more than 1.5 km away. In head-ons, this means your opponent will usually be destroyed or crippled well before he gets his own target indicator. With bombers, it means one serious burst from 0.7-1.0 km will deliver a critical, and a full-second burst from less than 0.7 km should cut any bomber into several pieces.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,126 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 713 || 696 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 28.3 || 28.7 || 15.3 || 15.3 || rowspan="2" | 450
|-
! Upgraded
| 770 || 742 || 25.8 || 27.0 || 26.4 || 18.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 650 || 520 || 265 || ~11 || ~11
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 500 || < 700 || < 700 || > 450
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,000 m || 3,200 hp || 4,499 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Windshield
* 6.35 mm Steel - Fore cockpit armour plate, pilot and co-pilot
* 8 mm Steel - Armour plate, pilot and co-pilot's seats
* 11 mm Steel - Armour plate headrests, pilot and co-pilot
* 19.05 mm Steel - Engine protective plate

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M3 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 6 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns, centre-mounted (400 rpg = 2,400 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)|AN-M66A2 (2,000 lb)|HVAR|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 2 x 2,000 lb AN-M66A2 bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 10 x HVAR rockets
* 8 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, centre-mounted (gunpod) (400 rpg = 3,200 total)

== Usage in battles ==

Start play by climbing above 5,000 m while always maintaining a speed above 290 km/h. If this brings you in range of enemy fighters before you have achieved a height advantage simply turn away and let them seek other targets. Once you have achieved 5,000 m altitude with airspeed above 300 km/h you are virtually invulnerable since you will always have the option of running away with or without diving. You can seek and destroy bombers. Any fighter foolish enough to go after you should be dealt with head-on starting from more than 1.2 km away to ensure time to adjust and kill with your machine guns. If this is not an option or if you are being engaged by a pair of fighters, or if your initial pass fails to kill, keep running. Very few planes have the ability to follow you and your frame is sturdy enough to withstand the occasional long-distance hit.

As a rule, never let your airspeed drop below 300 km/h; do not go near ground level if there is more than one enemy fighter in the vicinity unless your airspeed is above 500 km/h, and never engage in furballs.

When used as a heavy fighter, keep in mind the brutally low handling capability of the F-82. Always avoid "furballs" and stay above your opponents. The climb rate makes the F-82 a capable bomber-killer. As a bomber killer, the aiming problems that many pilots face against smaller, more agile fighters evaporate. It is recommended to utilize the 8 x M2 Gun pod, due to the extremely high damage output. However, more experienced players may do away with this option, as it does hamper the handling of the craft.

Due to its high speed, it is very dangerous when used in a boom and run strategy (energy retention and a very high top speed in level flight mean it can be literally untouchable for a lot of single-engine fighters). In this case, it's very important to watch one's speed and to throttle back in dives or it can lose its wings due to high speed. For achieving the maximum straight-line speed at sea level, one should have the engine mixture set to 72%.

Remember, do not attempt to engage smaller and nimbler fighters, as most of the times you will overshoot and completely miss due to the poor handling.

Always use the tracer bullets with your six or fourteen 12.7 mm machine guns. Not only are the tracers very effective incendiaries, but they also give you the ability to see exactly where you are shooting up to 2 km away. This is invaluable in destroying bombers from far enough away to avoid their tail gunners, and in achieving incredible accuracy in head-ons well before your enemy gets a target indicator on you.

Boom and Zoom is not an ideal strategy with the F-82. At about 650 km/h you will experience extreme control stiffening. The F-82 excels in the destruction of bombers and other aircraft in head-ons.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Not controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Variety of payload options
* Good fast-firing armament (M3 Browning MGs) with a high ammo capacity
* Above average climb rate
* Fast once upgraded (can outrun pretty much every fighter in level flight)
* Excellent in head-ons (which should rather be avoided due to large profile of F-82)
* M20 API-T ammunition option
* When equipped with a gun pod the F-82 is a flying flamethrower
* Brutal acceleration in dive
* Centre-mounted armament both primary and gun pod, allowing for devastating accuracy
* Pilot and co-pilot seated offset from the centre of the aircraft, making them harder to reliably hit, especially in a head-on engagement
* Sturdy airframe

'''Cons:'''

* Poor handling
* Difficult to aim (it gets a bit better with booster upgrade)
* Elevator prone to failure when damaged
* With the gun pod installed, the continuous fire will slow the plane down significantly
* Prone to control stiffening in a dive

== History ==


Designed to provide the US forces with long-range escort capabilities over the Pacific, the F-82 bore the appearance of desperate measures taken to use surplus P-51 parts. In reality, the F-82 was purposely designed as such in order to provide a fighter plane that had fresh pilots ready to engage, despite the tedious nature of long distance flights. Each fuselage carried a pilot and a co-pilot/navigator which reduced individual fatigue over long missions.

The F-82 started development in 1944, with significant deliveries done in early 1946. Although too late for the war, the fighter still saw extensive use by Air Defense Command as an escort fighter and a night fighter. 14 F-82's were converted to winterized interceptors for use over Alaska. It also saw significant use in the Korean War with Japanese based (US planes deployed from Japan) F-82s among the first aircraft to operate over Korea. In fact, the first three North Korean aircraft shot down by US forces were done so by the Twin Mustang.

=== In-game description ===
In late 1943, North American aviation designers proposed a design project: a new long-range fighter designated the P-82 (NA-120). One two-seat machine was to be created from two P-51D aircraft. The fuselage, one wing (left or right) and the vertical empennage were taken from the production fighter. The fuselages were connected with a new central wing section and a rectangular tailplane. The result was a strong and rigid frame without a central nacelle.

The aircraft was launched into full-scale production in 1944. Several variants were based on it, including the P-82G (NA-150) night interceptor fighter, which started full-scale production in 1946.

The power unit of the P-82G consisted of two Allison V-1710-143 and V-1710-145 (to the left and to the right, respectively) twelve-cylinder, V-type, liquid-cooled engines producing a maximum power of 1,930 hp. The engines were equipped with flame arresters in their exhaust pipes.

An SCR-720C radar was housed in a large container fastened under the center wing section. The radar antenna was installed in a radar-transparent nosecone which protruded ahead of the propeller arc.

The plane's armament consisted of six 12.7 mm Colt-Browning M2.5 machine guns, with 400 rounds each, housed in the center wing section. It was possible to suspend two fuel tanks, two 1,000 lb (454 kg) bombs, or four guide rails for unguided HVAR missiles under the wing panels.

The left cockpit was occupied by the pilot, and the right one by the radar operator. The operator did not have a second control system, so an automatic pilot was installed on the aircraft to reduce the in-flight load on the pilot.

The night interceptor was fitted with extra radio electronic equipment: a blind instrument landing system, a radio altimeter, an AN/APS-13 rear attack warning radar, and an AN/APN-19 identification friend or foe transponder.

In June 1948, the US military aircraft designation system was changed. Accordingly, the P-82G was now designated the F-82G. 14 F-82G fighters were converted to a special F-82H Arctic version, to be operated in Alaska.

Production of the F-82G was discontinued in 1949, with 59 aircraft built in total. They became the last piston-engined fighters built in the USA.

F-82G night fighters participated in the Korean War. On 27 June 1950, the crew of an F-82G from the 68th Fighter Squadron (68 FS) shot down a North Korean plane. It was the first air victory in the Korean War and the first victory of the newly formed USAF.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f-82e Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|INb9VjLxKf0|'''Most unusual aircraft''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:26 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|d5k2T9FP0bQ|'''Avoid them in frontal attack!''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 0:38 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[Bf 109 Z]]
* [[SM.92]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/226962-north-american-f-82e/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer NAA}}
{{USA twin-engine fighters}}

SBD-3

2021-11-02T10:03:11Z

U104685692: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=sbd-3
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_sbd-3.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American dive bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


As a dive bomber, it has very good dive characteristics and manoeuvres decently at most speeds. Although the engine is relatively weak, it could be WEP-ed for a long time before it reaches the overheating stage. This is not an aircraft which you will want to fly at high altitudes but should remain lower where it is a capable dive bomber.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 422 || 409 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 26.6 || 27.8 || 7.9 || 7.8 || rowspan="2" | 291
|-
! Upgraded
| 456 || 439 || 24.3 || 25.5 || 14.3 || 9.8
|-
|}

[[File:Kette of SBD.jpg|thumbnail|right|A trio of Dauntlesses in formation.]]

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 490 || 469 || 320 || ~13 || ~13
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 350 || < 350 || < 380 || > 299
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,324 m || 950 hp || 1,000 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,777 m || 800 hp || 842 hp
|-
|}

====Engine performance====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine Name
! colspan="3" | Number present
|-
| colspan="3" | Wright Cyclone R-1820-52 9-cylinder || colspan="1" | 1
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine characteristics
|-
! colspan="2" | Weight (each)
! colspan="1" | Type
! colspan="1" | Cooling
|-
| colspan="2" | 907 kg || Radial || Air
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine power (Stock)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
! colspan="2" | Max
! colspan="2" | Take-off
|-
| ''Arcade'' || colspan="2" | 889 hp || colspan="2" | 939 hp
|-
| ''Realistic/Simulator'' || colspan="2" | 879 hp || colspan="2" | 930 hp
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine power (Upgraded)
|-
! Mode
! colspan="2" | Max
! colspan="2" | Take-off
|-
| ''Arcade'' || colspan="2" | 1,023 hp || colspan="2" | 1,074 hp
|-
| ''Realistic/Simulator'' || colspan="2" | 950 hp || colspan="2" | 1,000 hp
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | WEP Duration
|-
! colspan="2" | Arcade
! colspan="2" | Realistic/Simulator
|-
| colspan="2" | 25 seconds || colspan="2" | Infinite
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm bulletproof glass in the windshield
* 12.7 mm steel pilot seat
* 12.7 mm steel protecting the gunner
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (2 in each wing)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, nose-mounted (180 rpg = 360 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M30A1 (100 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)|Type A Mark I mine|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 1 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bomb + 2 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs (1,200 lb total)
* 4 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (gunpods) (340 rpg = 1,360 total)
* 1 x Type A Mark I mine

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 7.62 mm Browning machine guns, dorsal turret (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)

== Usage in battles ==

The Dauntless is an underrated aircraft, as it is viewed as a weak and sluggish bomber by a majority of tier 1 players. Use this to your advantage by catching unsuspecting bombers and fighters. Its manoeuvrability is good enough to energy fight the enemy. You should try to keep your speed higher than 200 km/h and stay at altitudes lower than 2km.

This plane is good at what it was designed for Dive Bombing. Start at a high altitude at around 4-5,000 feet, fly directly above the target, invert the plane, cut the throttle and deploy airbrakes (h key by default), dive, at 1,000-700 feet release bombs, pull the nose up, retract air brakes, push the throttle to full, then pitch up in a climb.

The small bomb load requires you pick your targets carefully and make your bombs count, choose to attack artillery positions or bases, where you have a higher chance of hitting due to their stationary position. Ships are also prime targets (it is what it was designed for), as the 1000lb bomb is plenty to sink a small ship.

Do not rely on fighter support when focusing on ground targets. After you drop your bombs, the plane should be manoeuvrable enough to dogfight enemies. You should stay on deck and manoeuvre wisely to not expose your weak underbelly. If you are caught at high altitude, go into a steep dive until you are at the deck, there is a good chance you may out dive them. If you cannot lose the enemy, try to quickly turn to your enemy's direction. your high G tolerance is equal, if not better than most enemies so you could lose them if they cant follow your turn.

'''''Realistic Mode Procedures'''''

With the gun pods attached, you could act as menacing fighter support. With a high altitude spawn, try to hunt bombers first before you consider killing fighters. climb up to 4,500 meters to get your max speed so you can dive down to the bombers. After eliminating a bomber or two, you should find that your allies are starting to engage the enemy. You could help them by catching enemies that are turning, have low speed, or attacking an ally. It should be easy to do all of this because of your energy advantage. You are still marked as a bomber, so enemies will surely consider you as an easy kill. You can not outrun them, but you can turn very well at almost every speed except stall. If they are coming from behind, a sudden reverse would be a good manoeuvre to throw them off. After that, you could either perform a head-on or fly under the enemy to avoid them. Avoid rushing upwards to maintain speed. Combine all of that with good trigger discipline, it is possible to achieve a five kill game.

'''''Simulator mode procedures'''''

Hands-off carrier take-off (Auto engine control): Start the engine, flaps: raised, elevator trim: 15%, aileron trim: 11%, rudder trim: 6%, WEP throttle, hands-off controls until you lift off the carrier.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

[[Yak-2 KABB]]: Do not think that the {{PAGENAME}} can confidently outmanoeuvre this plane just because it is twin-engined. The Yak-2 has an amazing turn rate for a heavy fighter, thus the {{PAGENAME}} must avoid turning with it, if not dogfighting with it in general. It bears a pair of ShVAK cannons that can easily damage vital parts like engine or cooling systems. It has green camo, greatly resembling an Me 410 but with an H-tail like a Bf 110's.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Gets a bomber spawn which really makes up for its performance
* Can turn with most enemy fighters on its rank
* It has two powerful machine guns that are centrally mounted, meaning you can effectively hunt down low-tier bombers and in most situations, be a quasi-fighter aircraft
* Its bombs are powerful enough to destroy packed enemy ground vehicles
* Its manoeuvrability is good enough to attack enemy bombers and support friendly fighters
* Tail gunner has excellent coverage, almost a perfect 180 degrees on a horizontal plane
* Can "pullout" from a 60-degree dive quite effectively
* Tail gun also has plenty of ammunition
* Can be used as a fighter when needed
* Can increase the total firepower to 6 .50 cals, one of the earliest plane that has six M2 Brownings
* Good firepower, enough to make quick kills on planes and ground targets alike. Extremely useful for attacking weakly armoured tanks
* Decent dive characteristics
* Will not break its wing on high G turns up to 600 km/h

'''Cons:'''

* It is still a dive bomber, so its manoeuvrability is limited by its poor energy retention
* Low ammo capacity for the nose-mounted machine guns
* The tail gunner won't do so much, because he is too exposed and the 2 x 7.62 is not powerful enough to destroy planes of its tier
* Limited selection of bombs, only one payload is available to choose from
* Slow acceleration
* Poor climb rate
* Poor energy retention
* Slow speed
* WEP only works on low altitude
* Fragile engine, tailing bombers will almost always get your engine killed or badly damaged, forcing you to RTB

== History ==


First flight recorded 1st of may 1940. Retired 1959. Produced from 1940-1944 Top speed 410 kmh/254.7 mph. 1,200 hp engine. Length 33 feet. Wing span is roughly 41 feet. Empty weight 6,404 lb/ 2,905 kg. Gross weight is 10,400 lb/ 4,245 kg. Bomb load is 1,200 lb/ 544 kg.

The SBD-3, also known as the Dauntless is an American dive-bomber from the early 1940s. It was a carrier-based aircraft which was used for scouting and bombing. This plane is most famous for it's contribution to the Battle of Midway. This battle was the first ''major'' naval victory for the Americans, of which four Japanese carriers were sunk and multiple other ships heavily damaged and sunk.

Pilots and gunners of the SBD-3 and other military personnel gave the bomber the nickname "Slow But Deadly". Although this plane was slow, it has a large wing area and thus high manoeuvrability. This aircraft is a 2-man crew, so when going into and out of a dive the pilot wouldn't have to check the altitude saving him time, though that was not the only use of the gunner/radioman he would cover the pilot, engaging any enemy fighters who would come behind the aircraft and could also double as a radioman.

These incredible planes all saw service in the United States Navy, United States Army Air Corps, United States Marine Corps and the Free French Air Force. There were 5,936 SBD-3 made; unfortunately, only four or five original US Navy planes survive today with the rest being replicas.

=== In-game description ===
A carrier-based dive-bomber/reconnaissance aircraft.

The most well-known U.S. Navy bomber, and perhaps the most significant dive-bomber of the war. Despite the fact that the decision to write off the SBD as outdated was made before the war, the bomber was still actively involved in combat, and in 1942 it sunk more enemy ships than all other Navy aircraft combined.

Originally, the series was called the XBT, and showed as many innovations as it did drawbacks. This aircraft had a revolutionary honeycomb wing structure and a reasonably small fuselage. But its wings could not be folded, and occasionally it would spontaneously go into a barrel roll, which caused a series of catastrophic accidents. After intensive research in conjunction with NACA, the dive-bomber was radically redesigned, most of its shortcomings were removed, and it was named the Scout Bomber.

The SBD-3 variant was a Scout Bomber which was finally fit for combat. It had self-sealing fuel tanks, armour, and bulletproof cockpit glass. To keep its performance characteristics, the aircraft's weight was reduced by replacing its duralumin sheeting with a much lighter material. Also, all the equipment designed to keep the plane afloat in the event of a water landing was removed.

Soldiers dubbed the SBD the "Slow But Deadly". This aircraft destroyed the pride of the Japanese carrier force at the Battle of Midway, inflicting damage from which the Japanese Imperial Navy was never able to recover.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=bomber&vehicle=sbd-3 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|rnfxWsXct9E|'''The Shooting Range #12''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 05:47 discusses the Douglas SBD Dauntless.}}

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[SB2 (Disambiguation)|SB2 dive bombers]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4442-profile-sbd-3-dauntless-slow-but-deadly-en|[Profile] SBD-3 Dauntless - Slow But Deadly]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/491957-sbd-3/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Douglas}}
{{USA bombers}}

Sunderland Mk V

2021-09-27T09:20:59Z

U104685692: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = British bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = Sunderland Mk IIIa
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=sunderland_mk5
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]].

== General info ==
[[File:Sunderland Screenshot 4.jpg|thumb]]
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The Sunderland Mk V is rather finicky in the air. Handling is not all that bad, turn time is about 20-25 seconds spaded with flaps. However, the wings can only take 3-4Gs before they snap off. Due to the low rip speed, this means you can potentially rip your wings when flying a spaded aircraft at top speed.

If there is no water available to land in, it will be necessary to belly land on the airfields. If so, take care to not let the pontoons touch the ground. However, after descending all the way for the landing, it will be necessary to continue the fight at a low altitude due to the Sunderland's atrocious climb rate forbidding any chance of reaching back to optimal bombing altitude in a timely manner.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,267 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 384 || 377 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 35.8 || 36.6 || 5.8 || 5.8 || rowspan="2" | 740
|-
! Upgraded
| 420 || 401 || 34.2 || 35.0 || 10.2 || 7.8
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 395 || 232 || 204 || ~3 || ~2
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 350 || < 350 || < 250 || > 312
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,860 m || 1,100 hp || 1,199 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,810 m || 1,000 hp || 1,090 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

There is no armour protection on this aircraft.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
[[File:Sunderland Screenshot 1.jpg|thumb|Sunderland flying away from its bombed target.]]

=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, nose-mounted (500 rpg = 2,000 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 8 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 4 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (2,000 lb total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|Browning (7.7 mm)|Vickers K (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, 2 x beam turrets (500 rpg)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, nose turret (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, dorsal turret (500 rpg = 1,000 total)
* 4 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, tail turret (1,000 rpg = 4,000 total)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Vickers K machine gun, 2 x beam turrets (600 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==


After unloading your ordnance, it's best to return to base (or wait for reload in arcade battles) and get another load. In RB/SB, taking note from the "Flight Performance" section, land appropriately and continue the fight at a lower altitude to get back quickly for another bomb drop.

At this low altitude, and with some degree of luck, the Sunderland can be used as a "gunship" fighter. It's possible to gunship manoeuvre into a furball and shoot down a plane or two. Against other bombers, attempting the "gunship" method is possible, however you must be careful of defensive weapons on the enemy bomber. The best bet is to fly just below the enemy fighter or side by side, as there are no bombers at this battle rating which have this kind of armament and the Sunderland's survivability against rifle calibre is exceptional. The forward MGs can be used, but it isn't as effective as the other turrets. The side of the aircraft is where all the main firepower is located. Knowing this, keeping your enemy in the top and rear hemisphere is advisable for maximum guns on target while being shielded from most defensive weapons.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

[[File:Sunderland Screenshot 2.jpg|thumb|Sunderland Mk V dropping its 500 lb bombs]]

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* It has many turrets, equal or more effective than even the higher rank Wellingtons, Stirlings and Lancasters
* Has 4 x offensive 7.7 mm machine guns
* Its fuselage can soak up a lot of damage, especially from low calibre machine guns
* Can land both on land (belly slide) and in the water (not on an aircraft carrier)
* Great turret coverage, especially from the front, side, top and back of the plane
* Has .50 calibre on the side which packs a punch and can obliterate enemy fighters if they hit
* Turns rather well for a four-engined bomber

'''Cons:'''

* Small bomb load
* Handles like a flying train (A.K.A. not very well)
* Due to the lack of a bomb bay, bombs are slid out from the hatches on the side of the aircraft which can make them hard to aim
* The .50 calibre only cover the side of the aircraft, making them difficult to use effectively
* No ventral turret coverage, a smart fighter will attack you from below
* No armour. The crew are vulnerable. A few good hits on the cockpit and you're going down
* Wooden fuselage means that you will catch fire easily
* Slow, even biplanes can catch you. However this doesn't need to be a con as your turrets can easily rip through biplanes.
* Does not dive well. Escaping from an enemy aircraft is difficult

== History ==

[[File:Sunderland Screenshot 5.jpg|thumb|Cockpit of the Sunderland Mark V]]

The Short S.25 Sunderland is a British designed & built flying boat, designed primarily to fulfil the role of a patrol bomber, the Sunderland was used primarily by the RAF, but also saw use with the French Navy, RAAF & SAAF just to name a few. The Mark V version of the Sunderland was initially developed due to concerns that the aircraft was underpowered, due to this the Bristol Pegasus engines used on previous models were replaced by Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp (S3C4-G) engines, these new engines offered a considerable power increase while also not causing any reductions in range or flight time, a particular benefit of the new power plant was that the Mark V could remain airborne after 2 of its 4 engines failed, this greatly improved the aircraft's survivability in comparison to earlier versions. A total of 155 Mark V airframes were produced with an additional 33 earlier Mark III's converted to Mark V standard with the updated engines.

The Mark V also featured a new centimetric ASV Mark VI C radar, this is an updated version of the air to surface radar that was also featured on later production Mark III airframes and is especially noticeable by the antenna on the underside of the wings just outboard of the floats. This radars was primarily used in the aircraft's coastal command role for detecting enemy ships.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/341983-short-sunderland-mk-v/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Short}}
{{Britain bombers}}

F.222.2

2021-09-23T14:32:26Z

U104685692: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=f_222_2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.73 "Vive la France"]].

The Farman F.222.2 is the first French bomber in the tech tree lineup. Most nations in War Thunder start with small to medium two-engined bombers which can drop a few bombs, though the Italians step it up with the three-engined S.81 bomber; however, this does not come close to the French. Showing up to dominate the early ground-pounding scene, the F.222.2 is the biggest, heaviest, least manoeuvrable, and hardest hitting bomber early in the game, at a measly battle rating of {{Specs|br|ab}}. This massive bomber's empty weight is more substantial than the Italian S.81's loaded weight!

The F.222.2 features a parasol wing setup with four radial engines set up in a push-pull configuration. This engine setup allows the pulling engines to turbocharge the wind passing through the pushing engines adding needed horsepower. This also, unfortunately, concentrates the engines into close quarters, making it easier for enemy fighters to hit them. While this aircraft has the potential to soak up a lot of 7.5 mm bullets (even some 20 mm), the wings potentially provide an Achilles heel of the aircraft. Each wing contains eight massive fuel tanks which do not self-seal when hit, and they are prone to catch on fire. A burning F.222.2 will not last long before structural fatigue sets in and the wings buckle.

With a huge target to fend off incoming fighters, the F.222.2 is not without any defences. This bomber is protected by three turrets: one ventral, one dorsal, and one in the nose. All three turrets feature a single [[Mle_33_(7.5_mm)|Darne Mle 33 7.5 mm machine gun]]. It may not seem like much, though against small fighter aircraft which lack any armour, chances are the gunners will rupture the fighter's engine, oil coolers, water coolers, fuel tanks, or even incapacitate the pilot leading to an aerial victory. Fighters looking for a fast and "free-kill" when going after the F.222.2 should think twice before just rumbling up on the bomber's doorstep, as they may find themselves on a one-way trip to the ground in a heap.

The massive F.222.2 has one purpose, and that is to drop bombs, lots of bombs! This massive aircraft initially carries 52 x 50 kg bombs. Later upgrades will include 100 kg, 200 kg, and 500 kg bombs, maxing the payload out at 2,700 kg! Payloads this size can take out columns of vehicles and, even in up-tiered situations, can do massive damage against enemy bases. This bomber works best at lower altitudes such as between 100 and 500 m, though this beast is nimble enough to bomb targets from as low as 50 m off of the deck. This huge bomber can be a bit frustrating at first, but as modules are unlocked and added, the aircraft can take more damage. It can be surprising how long it survives even though it is full of holes and is trailing smoke from several of its surfaces.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,400 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 348 || 333 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 34.2 || 35.2 || 4.1 || 4.1 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 383 || 366 || 31.9 || 33.0 || 9.3 || 6.4
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || N/A || ~5 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 250 || < 250 || < 300 || > 210
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* No armour plating
* No armour glazing
* Vulnerable fuel tanks in the wings
* Engines highly sensitive to damage
* Huge aircraft, slow and large target

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.A. MMN. 50 (50 kg)|No.1 (100 kg)|No.1 (200 kg)|No.2 (500 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 52 x 50 kg G.A. MMN. 50 bombs (2,600 kg total)
* 5 x 200 kg No.1 bombs + 7 x 100 kg No.1 bombs (1,700 kg total)
* 4 x 500 kg No.2 bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 10 x 200 kg No.1 bombs + 7 x 100 kg No.1 bombs (2,700 kg total)

[[File:BomberImage_F222.2_Carpetbombing.jpg|350px|thumb|right|An F.222.2 carpet-bombing AA vehicles with {{PAGENAME}} bombs.]]
The game style will change depending on the type of bomb payload chosen. For usage on early maps without bases, the 52 G.A.M.Mn bombs will be the payload of choice. These small bombs used from a low altitude provide a scatter effect, where they can be dropped in a column, allowing for convoys of vehicles or multiple cluster sites of artillery to be bombed in one run. Utilising the 50 kg bombs from higher altitudes against vehicles is discouraged, as they tend to scatter out of the effective explosive range of the bombs by the time they get to the ground. Low bombing runs against vehicles hits them before they have time to scatter.

Conversely, the larger bombs tend to be less effective against small vehicle targets, especially from higher altitudes which give them time to scatter and move out of the effective explosive range. The 100 kg, 200 kg, and 500 kg bombs are very effective against stationary and hardened targets such as anti-aircraft artillery sites, pillboxes, and bases. Base bombing is very effective from higher altitudes, especially if there is fighter escort which will help provide the bomber time to get to the site and drop its payload.

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|MAC 1934 (7.5 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine gun, nose turret (1,000 rpg)
* 1 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine gun, dorsal turret (720 rpg)
* 1 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine gun, ventral turret (720 rpg)

The F.222.2 has decent turret coverage when it comes to defences. With one turret in the nose of the aircraft and the other two located at the dorsal and ventral positions, the bomber is capable of defending itself from attacks from multiple angles. Early fighters typically do not have any armour protection. As such, if they approach from the rear of the F.222.2, they are likely to take critical damage. Be aware of fighters approaching from the side, since there are more blind spots from this angle. From here, they will be targeting either the engines or the wings which contain huge fuel tanks. Do not be afraid to chase or saddle up next to enemy fighters in order to give the turret gunners a chance to unload on the fighters and potentially score an aerial victory.

== Usage in battles ==


[[File:BomberImage_F222.2_BellyTurret.jpg|350px|thumb|right|A view of the bombing damage as seen from the F.222.2's ventral turret during a bombing run.]]
The F.222.2 is a heavy-hitting bomber with okay manoeuvrability at low altitude and low airspeed and can carry a staggering 52x50 kg bombs while still in stock configuration. Combined with its frequent presence in Ground Strike matches with only light vehicles, it will make short work of any (or even all) groups of armoured cars and SPAA it crosses paths with, in addition to destroying an opposing team's entire complement of AAA and artillery in short order.

Additionally, the ability to carry larger bomb loads later in its upgrade tree turns it into an exceptionally capable base killer, often time wiping out bases solo without sacrificing its heavy-hitting power against armoured columns. With some skill (and an escort from friendly fighters), the F.222.2 can wipe out an entire column of medium tank AI targets in a single pass, with enough firepower left over to seriously cripple another column.

It is important to match the altitude flown with the payload type chosen as lower altitudes (100 - 500 m or even lower) when utilising the 50 kg bombs against moving targets, whereas higher altitudes are preferred when utilising larger ordnance against stationary targets. On maps where controlling an airfield is key, do not be afraid to "carpet bomb" the runway to prevent enemy aircraft from taking over the airfield or out-right destroy those which have landed. Be aware of friendly aircraft which may also be on the runway as the bombs do not discriminate who they damage/destroy.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Impressive bomb load
* Different bomb options make this bomber very versatile
* Fuselage can absorb a lot of damage
* Once at altitude, it can be difficult to reach for reserve planes
* Can keep flying even after it loses 2 engines
* Can easily destroy bases or even airfields in air RB
* Good visibility in in simulator battles

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely slow and very heavy
* Engines are very vulnerable to enemy weapons
* Slow speed, heavyweight, and no takeoff flaps make taking off when fully loaded very difficult
* High repair cost for a rank 1 bomber
* Long takeoff distance
* Vulnerable to fast climbing, well-armed aircraft like the MiG-3
* Armament is slightly underwhelming for such a large aircraft

== History ==


Farman Aviation Works began working on the F.220 bomber design in 1925. This aircraft was based on a successful earlier design of the F.211 which was a parasol wing, four-engine monoplane utilising tractor and pusher engines. While the F.211 never entered production, it served as a base for the F.220 to be designed and built from. The first successful flight of the F.220 happened on 26 May 1932.

The F.220 was a success in of itself, however, Farman made several modifications to improve the design which included a new vertical stabilizer, rebuilding the nose and ventral turret to fully enclose them and upgrading the old V-engines to new radial versions. After these modifications, the new version of the F.220 made its maiden flight in 1933.

In 1936, another variant, the F.222 first flew and this bomber incorporated retractable landing gear which reduced drag and was not available on earlier versions. A total of twenty-four aircraft of this version where produced and began service in Armee de I'Air in 1937 and was tasked with performing night bombings raids over Germany in May and June of 1940.

The F.222.2 bomber which is featured in the game had a redesigned nose and changed out the engines from Gnome-Rhône 14Kdrs engines to Gnome-Rhône 14N-11 engines.

The later F.223 which came after the F.222 saw significant changes, not only to name as it became NC.223 after Farman was absorbed into Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Centre (SNCAC) which was the nationalisation of both Farman Aviation Works and Hanriot in 1936. The aircraft's tail section was reworked and went from a single vertical stabilizer to a twin-stabilizer setup and the fuselage was refined to be more aerodynamic. Another upgrade came in the form of changes to the ventral and dorsal turret weapons. The Mle 33 7.5 mm machine guns were replaced with the more powerful H.S. 404 20 mm autocannons.

On 7 June 1940, a variant NC 223.4 of the French Naval Aviation was the first allied bomber to fly into Germany and bomb Berlin, the flight dropped eight 250 kg and 80 x 10 kg bombs on Germany's capital. While the ordnance was not much, the psychological impact was the goal and the raid was reproduced three days later. NC 223 bombers continued to serve in bombing roles until June 1940 when they were transferred to North Africa to fulfil the role of transport aircraft.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f_222_2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
Image:f.222.2_WT_poster1.jpg|
Image:f.222.2_WT_poster2.jpg|
Image:f.222.2_WT_poster3.jpg|
Image:f.222.2_WT_poster4.jpg|
Image:f.222.2_WT_poster5.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5047-development-farman-f-222-2-big-heavy-yours-en|[News] Farman F.222.2: Big! Heavy! Yours!]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/385716-farman-2222/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Farman}}
{{France bombers}}