War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Category:Event vehicles

2024-11-22T19:04:29Z

U103335740: Added KV-7

{{Notice|Event vehicles can be used to progress in marathon events regardless of vehicle requirements}}

{{Navigation-Start|Battle Pass vehicles}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|[[wt:en/news/8996-event-battlepass-meet-skilled-marksman-the-16th-season-of-the-battle-pass-en|Season 16]]}}{{Specs-Link|pbm_5a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_sholef}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/8859-event-meet-northern-king-the-15th-season-of-the-battle-pass-en|Season 15]]}}{{Specs-Link|us_flagstaff_pgh1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51c-11-nt_china}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sw_kungstiger}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/8703-battle-pass-meet-airborne-general-the-14th-season-of-the-battle-pass-en|Season 14]]}}{{Specs-Link|fr_destroyer_le_fantasque_class_le_triomphant}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_8_1944}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m551_76}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/8536-battle-pass-meet-tropical-storm-the-13th-season-of-the-battle-pass-en|Season 13]]}}{{Specs-Link|uk_gay_class_archer}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_breda_52_autocannone}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|strikemaster_mk88}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/8370-battle-pass-meet-armour-breaking-ambusher-the-12th-season-of-battle-pass-en|Season 12]]}}{{Specs-Link|it_mc_485}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|b7a2_homare_23}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_spz_12_3}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/8209-battle-pass-meet-her-majesty-s-hussar-the-11th-season-of-battle-pass-en|Season 11]]}}{{Specs-Link|germ_s_700_s_701}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51b_7_sweden}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_centurion_mk_2}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/8067-battle-pass-meet-royal-guard-the-10th-season-of-battle-pass-en|Season 10]]}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_pr_183_egypt_bm_21}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|bf-109f-4_hungary}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_amx_50_1950}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7928-battle-pass-battle-pass-season-smell-of-victory-en|Season 9]]}}{{Specs-Link|us_lcm_zippo}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_a_22f_mk_7_churchill_crocodile}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|douglas_a_1h}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7788-battle-pass-battle-pass-season-field-testing-en|Season 8]]}}{{Specs-Link|jp_t51a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|bv-155b-1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_object_248}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7660-battle-pass-season-armored-elephant-en|Season 7]]}}{{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_battle_cadiz}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51c-10_france}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_panzerjager_tiger_P_elefant}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7530-battle-pass-season-firepower-en|Season 6]]}}{{Specs-Link|it_41m_turan_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_higgins_78ft_mtb422}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_64}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|su-8}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7396-battle-pass-season-river-hunter-en|Season 5]]}}{{Specs-Link|fr_lvt_bofors}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_higgins_78ft_pt658}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|beaufighter_mk1_40mm}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_pt_76_57}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7253-battle-pass-season-fearless-voltigeur-en|Season 4]]}}{{Specs-Link|germ_sdkfz_251_22}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_cruiser_omaha_class_detroit}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a6m6c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_panhard_ebr_1963}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7150-battle-pass-strength-athletics-season-en|Season 3]]}}{{Specs-Link|it_toldi_II_a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_cruiser_voroshilov}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-39q_25_france}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m6a2e1}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7051-special-battle-pass-new-season-steel-centurion-en|Season 2]]}}{{Specs-Link|us_t55e1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1936a_z25}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|itp_m1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_centurion_mk_5_raac}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/6967-special-battle-pass-in-war-thunder-en|Season 1]]}}{{Specs-Link|uk_matilda_hedgehog}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_g_garland}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f2g-1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_10a}}
{{Navigation-End}}

{{Navigation-Start|New event cycle (2024) events}}
{{Navigation-First-Line|[[wt:en/news/9154-event-dreams-come-true-kv-7-en|Dreams Come True]]}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_kv_7_u13}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/9108-event-get-the-boxer-mgs-in-the-mobile-sniper-event-en|Mobile Sniper]]}}{{Specs-Link|germ_boxer_3105}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/9042-event-get-hms-barham-in-the-steel-baron-event-en|Steel Baron]]}}{{Specs-Link|uk_battleship_q_elizabet_class_barham}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/9005-event-get-the-iranian-f-14a-iriaf-in-the-persian-tomcat-event-en|Persian Tomcat]]}}{{Specs-Link|f_14a_iriaf}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/8986-event-earn-alcione-in-the-flight-of-the-albatross-event-en|Flight of the Albatross]]}}{{Specs-Link|it_albatros_class_f544}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/8930-development-operation-overlord-churchill-avre-petard-en|Operation Overlord]]}}{{Specs-Link|uk_churchill_avre}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/8877-event-legend-of-victory-eremins-yak-3-en|Legend of Victory]]}}{{Specs-Link|yak-3_eremin}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/8854-event-earn-the-plz-83-130-in-the-inferno-cannon-event-en|Inferno Cannon]]}}{{Specs-Link|cn_plz_83_130}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/8788-event-earn-sms-baden-in-the-imperial-flagship-event-en|Imperial Flagship]]}}{{Specs-Link|germ_battleship_baden}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/8743-event-earn-the-jaguar-is-in-the-sword-of-justice-event-en|Sword of Justice]]}}{{Specs-Link|jaguar_is}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/8709-event-call-of-the-dragon-earn-the-object-292-en|Call of the Dragon]]}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_object_292}}
{{Navigation-End}}

{{Navigation-Start|Spring crafting events}}
{{Navigation-First-Line|[[wt:en/news/8186-event-repair-factory-en|Repair Factory]]}}{{Specs-Link|fr_amd_35_sa35}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_cruiser_shcherbakov}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_qn506}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a_7k}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7640-event-the-battle-for-arachis-en|The Battle for Arachis]]}}{{Specs-Link|uk_alecto_mk_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_destroyer_somers_davis}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_72m2_moderna}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|kfir_c2}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7107-event-future-technology-en|Future Technology]]}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_su_76d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_destroyer_yugure}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_xm_8}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-4f}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/6669-special-space-race-en|Space Race]]}}{{Specs-Link|uk_sgb_309}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_sdkfz_234_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_object_279}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f4u-6_au-1}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/6145-special-battlefield-engineer-en|Battlefield Engineer!]]}}
{{Specs-Link|i_180}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_vsw_flak_41}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_mpk_122bis}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ju-388j}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_merkava_mk_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_cruiser_tiger}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/5424-event-flying-serpent-crouching-tiger-en|Flying Serpent, Crouching Tiger]]}}{{Specs-Link|p-63c-5_kingcobra_animal_version}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_h1_tiger_animal_version}}
{{Navigation-End}}

{{Navigation-Start|Summer events}}
{{Navigation-First-Line|[[wt:en/news/8384-event-summer-extreme-en|Summer Extreme]]}}{{Specs-Link|su_25_558arz}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_amd_35_kwk}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sw_patria_amv_ctcv_105}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_battlecruiser_renown}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7796-event-summer-quest-en|Summer Quest]]}}{{Specs-Link|f4d_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_44m_zrinyi_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_leopard_2av}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_battlecruiser_haruna}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7267-event-summer-landing-en|Summer Landing]]}}{{Specs-Link|vl_myrsky_2_late}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|buccaneer_s1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_3_ka_chi}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_bmd_4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_destroyer_soldati_serie1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_type143_bussard}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/6808-special-operation-s-u-m-m-e-r-2020-en|Operation S.U.M.M.E.R. 2020]]}}{{Specs-Link|arado-196a-3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f11f_1_late}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sw_ikv_73}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_leopard_c2_mexas}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_p493_freccia}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_cruiser_maxim_gorky}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/6293-special-operation-h-e-a-t-en|Operation H.E.A.T.]]}}{{Specs-Link|bf-110c-6}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-59a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_bt_7a_f32}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_aubl_74_60_70m}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_frigate_river}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_destroyer_yuudachi}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/5698-marathon-good-old-s-u-m-m-e-r-en|Good Old S.U.M.M.E.R]]}}{{Specs-Link|f4f-4_martlet_mk4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fj_4b_agm_12b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_sdkfz_234_3}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/4868-marathon-operation-s-u-m-m-e-r-awards-together-en|Operation S.U.M.M.E.R. 2017]]}}{{Specs-Link|p-43a-1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ki_94_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_sdkfz_234_4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_type_65_aa}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/4151-special-operation-s-u-m-m-e-r-updated-03-08-2016-en|Operation S.U.M.M.E.R. 2016]]}}{{Specs-Link|fw-189a-1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f7f3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_mk1_grant}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_kv_220}}
{{Navigation-End}}

{{Navigation-Start|Fall crafting events}}
{{Navigation-First-Line|[[wt:en/news/8494-event-tokushu-heiki-assemble-and-test-an-honorable-missile-to-obtain-prizes-en|Tokushu Heiki]]}}{{Specs-Link|ki_48_2_otsu}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_armoredcruiser_kurama}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_losat_ccv}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f_100f_china}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7882-event-project-overpowered-en|Project Overpowered]]}}{{Specs-Link|po-2m}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_battleship_ostfriesland}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_ccvl}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jaguar_e}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7350-event-export-order-en|Export Order]]}}{{Specs-Link|sw_pbil_m40}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_tribal_mohawk}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_leopard_2_pt14}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-5a}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/6878-event-wargame-strategist-en|Wargame "Strategist"]]}}{{Specs-Link|germ_sdkfz_251_10}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_frigate_koln_lubeck}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_merkava_mk_3d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|bi}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/6409-special-operation-shipyard-en|Operation "Shipyard"]]}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_mbk_161_1943}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|whirlwind_p9}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_vt_1_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|h_34}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/5650-marathon-operation-s-u-m-m-e-r-assemble-a-tank-updated-en|Operation S.U.M.M.E.R.]]}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_34E}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_is_7}}
{{Navigation-End}}

{{Navigation-Start|Winter events}}
{{Navigation-First-Line|[[wt:en/news/8644-event-winter-extreme-earn-yourself-rewards-this-festive-season-en|Winter Extreme]]}}{{Specs-Link|j9_early}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|mirage_2000c_s4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_vilkas}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_battleship_mississippi}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/8021-event-winter-quest-en|Winter Quest]]}}{{Specs-Link|late_298d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|tornado_ids_de_mfg}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_80um2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_cruiser_des_moines_class_newport_news}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7469-event-operation-w-i-n-t-e-r-en|Operation W.I.N.T.E.R. 2021]]}}{{Specs-Link|mc-202_d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|mig_23mf_germany}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_ac1_sentinel}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_ags_teledyne}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_destroyer_hayanami}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_mpk_201k}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/6981-special-operation-w-i-n-t-e-r-en|Operation W.I.N.T.E.R. 2020]]}}{{Specs-Link|ro_57_quadriarma}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|mig-21_pfm}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_panhard_ebr_1954}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_th_800_bismark}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_kusen_tei_13_1942}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_cruiser_baltimore_class}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/6521-special-operation-f-r-o-s-t-en|Operation F.R.O.S.T.]]}}{{Specs-Link|tis_ma}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|j6k1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_ram_90mm_aa}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_merkava_mk_2b_late}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_pt811}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1924_jaguar1941}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/5962-special-festive-quest-en|Festive Quest 2018]]}}{{Specs-Link|mb_152c1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_su_85a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t30}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-43a-1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_a_34_comet_iron_duke}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/5224-special-festive-quest-en|Festive Quest 2017]]}}{{Specs-Link|p-40c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190a-8_france}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_armored_car_aec_mk_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_V_ersatz_m10}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fw-189a-1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_kv_2_1940}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/4416-special-war-thunder-winter-holiday-en|Winter Holiday]]}}{{Specs-Link|ki_21_1hei}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|me-262a-2a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_lvt_4_zis_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_type_62}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/3489/current|War Thunder Fulfills Your Wishes!]]}}{{Specs-Link|p-63c-5_ussr}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_VI_tiger_P}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/2736/current|Holiday War Thunder Marathon!]]}}{{Specs-Link|lagg-i-301}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m8a1}}
{{Navigation-End}}

{{Navigation-Start|World War Seasons}}
{{Navigation-First-Line|[[Season 3: Road to the West|Road to the West]]}}{{Specs-Link|il_2_m82}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m60a3_slep}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[Season 2: Attack from the Sea|Attack from the Sea]]}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_ba_11}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_destroyer_porter_1944}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[Season 1: Recon under fire|Recon under fire]]}}{{Specs-Link|fr_amx_50_surblinde}}
{{Navigation-End}}

{{Navigation-Start|Legend of Victory events}}
{{Navigation-First-Line|[[wt:en/news/8227-event-legend-of-victory-bm-31-12-andryusha-en|2023]]}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_bm_31_12}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7676-event-legend-of-victory-is-2-321-en|2022]]}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_is_2_1944_321}}
{{Navigation-End}}

{{Navigation-Start|Naval event}}
{{Navigation-First-Line|[[wt:en/news/6037-event-sea-voyage-en|Sea Voyage]]}}{{Specs-Link|pbm_3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_destroyer_leningrad}}
{{Navigation-End}}

{{Navigation-Start|WW2 chronicles events}}
{{Navigation-First-Line|[[wt:en/news/5453-special-chronicles-of-world-war-ii-in-war-thunder-en|Chronicles of World War II (2018)]]}}{{Specs-Link|tandem_mai}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|whirlwind_p9}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t18_e2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_lorraine_155}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/4648-special-war-thunder-chronicles-en|War Thunder Chronicles]]}}{{Specs-Link|pv_2d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|yak-3t}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_a_12_mk_2_matilda_2A_F96}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_a_33_excelsior}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/3681-special-event-series-chronicles-of-world-war-ii-day-28-faq-added-en|Chronicles of World War II (2016)]]}}
{{Specs-Link|mbr-2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-38j_marge}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_a_34_comet_iron_duke}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_kv_2_1940}}
{{Navigation-End}}

[[Category:Events]]

Category:Event vehicles

2024-09-23T18:12:25Z

U103335740: Added Steel Baron event

{{Notice|Event vehicles can be used to progress in marathon events regardless of vehicle requirements}}

{{Navigation-Start|Battle Pass vehicles}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|[[wt:en/news/8996-event-battlepass-meet-skilled-marksman-the-16th-season-of-the-battle-pass-en|Season 16]]}}{{Specs-Link|pbm_5a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_sholef}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/8859-event-meet-northern-king-the-15th-season-of-the-battle-pass-en|Season 15]]}}{{Specs-Link|us_flagstaff_pgh1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51c-11-nt_china}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sw_kungstiger}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/8703-battle-pass-meet-airborne-general-the-14th-season-of-the-battle-pass-en|Season 14]]}}{{Specs-Link|fr_destroyer_le_fantasque_class_le_triomphant}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_8_1944}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m551_76}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/8536-battle-pass-meet-tropical-storm-the-13th-season-of-the-battle-pass-en|Season 13]]}}{{Specs-Link|uk_gay_class_archer}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_breda_52_autocannone}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|strikemaster_mk88}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/8370-battle-pass-meet-armour-breaking-ambusher-the-12th-season-of-battle-pass-en|Season 12]]}}{{Specs-Link|it_mc_485}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|b7a2_homare_23}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_spz_12_3}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/8209-battle-pass-meet-her-majesty-s-hussar-the-11th-season-of-battle-pass-en|Season 11]]}}{{Specs-Link|germ_s_700_s_701}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51b_7_sweden}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_centurion_mk_2}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/8067-battle-pass-meet-royal-guard-the-10th-season-of-battle-pass-en|Season 10]]}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_pr_183_egypt_bm_21}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|bf-109f-4_hungary}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_amx_50_1950}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7928-battle-pass-battle-pass-season-smell-of-victory-en|Season 9]]}}{{Specs-Link|us_lcm_zippo}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_a_22f_mk_7_churchill_crocodile}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|douglas_a_1h}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7788-battle-pass-battle-pass-season-field-testing-en|Season 8]]}}{{Specs-Link|jp_t51a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|bv-155b-1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_object_248}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7660-battle-pass-season-armored-elephant-en|Season 7]]}}{{Specs-Link|uk_destroyer_battle_cadiz}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51c-10_france}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_panzerjager_tiger_P_elefant}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7530-battle-pass-season-firepower-en|Season 6]]}}{{Specs-Link|it_41m_turan_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_higgins_78ft_mtb422}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_type_64}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|su-8}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7396-battle-pass-season-river-hunter-en|Season 5]]}}{{Specs-Link|fr_lvt_bofors}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_higgins_78ft_pt658}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|beaufighter_mk1_40mm}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_pt_76_57}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7253-battle-pass-season-fearless-voltigeur-en|Season 4]]}}{{Specs-Link|germ_sdkfz_251_22}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_cruiser_omaha_class_detroit}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a6m6c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_panhard_ebr_1963}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7150-battle-pass-strength-athletics-season-en|Season 3]]}}{{Specs-Link|it_toldi_II_a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_cruiser_voroshilov}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-39q_25_france}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m6a2e1}}
{{Navigation-Line|[[wt:en/news/7051-special-battle-pass-new-season-steel-centurion-en|Season 2]]}}{{Specs-Link|us_t55e1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_destroyer_class1936a_z25}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|itp_m1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_centurion_mk_5_raac}}
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[[Category:Events]]

Armour

2024-06-04T22:22:17Z

U103335740: /* Types of armour in-game */ added a few examples some that were missing

=Armour=
'''Armour''' is the basic defense an entity has against threats. Armour can be found in both air and ground vehicles in War Thunder and plays a very important role to the vehicle's survivability.

== Types of armour in-game ==

* KE: Kinetic Energy
* CE: Chemical Energy

Armour modifier applies to both types of penetrators, unless specified.

{| class="wikitable"
! Material or Component !! Armour Modifier!! Examples
|-
! colspan="3" | Ground vehicles
|-
| '''Rolled homogeneous armour''' (RHA) || x1.00 || {{Specs-Link|us_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_2_ho_i}}
|-
| '''Modern RHA''' || x1.01 || {{Specs-Link|cn_ztz_96}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_leopard_1a5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_chieftain_mk_3}}
|-
| '''Cast homogeneous armour''' (CHA) || x0.94 || {{Specs-Link|fr_amx_elc_bis}}
|-
| '''Modern CHA''' || x0.98 || {{Specs-Link|germ_kpz_70}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_merkava_mk_3d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_64_b_1984}}
|-
| '''High hardness rolled armour''' (HHRA) || x1.25 || {{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_III_ausf_L}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_centauro_mgs_120}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sw_ikv_91}}
|-
| '''Modern HHRA''' || x1.10 || {{Specs-Link|sw_strv_122}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m1128_mgs}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_bmp_2}}
|-
| '''Tracks''' || x0.75 || {{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_IV_ausf_F2}}
|-
| '''Structural steel''' || x0.45 ||{{Specs-Link|us_t26e4_superpershing}}
|-
| '''Structural steel of chassis''' || x0.60 || {{Specs-Link|cn_cm11}}
|-
| '''Wheel''' || x0.30 ||
|-
| '''Rubber-fabric screens''' || x0.20 || {{Specs-Link|it_of_40_mk_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m901_itv}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_62m1}}
|-
| '''Composite screen''' || x0.16 KE x2.00 CE || {{Specs-Link|fr_leclerc_s2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_16}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_vickers_mk7}}
|-
| '''Air''' (Spaced armour) || x0.05 KE x0.30 CE || {{Specs-Link|fr_amx_32}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_kpz_70}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_merkava_mk_1}}
|-
| '''Aluminium''' || x0.20 || {{Specs-Link|jp_st_a1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_chieftain_mk_10}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_bmp_2m}}
|-
| '''Aluminium alloy 5083''' || x0.32 || {{Specs-Link|cn_cm_25}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|it_otobreda_sidam_25}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m3_bradley}}
|-
| '''Aluminium alloy AA7017''' || x0.50 || {{Specs-Link|uk_fv102_striker}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_stormer_hvm}}
|-
| '''Aluminium alloy 7020''' || x0.50 || {{Specs-Link|it_centauro_mgs_120}}
|-
| '''Aluminium alloy 7039''' || x0.50 || {{Specs-Link|it_oto_r3_t20_fa}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_75}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_t114}}
|-
| '''Alloy ABT-101''' || x0.38 || {{Specs-Link|ussr_bmp_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_object_685}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_object_906}}
|-
| '''Alloy ABT-102''' || x0.42 || {{Specs-Link|ussr_bmp_3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_9p157}}
|-
| '''Aluminium alloy AMS 4050A''' || x0.50 || {{Specs-Link|fr_amx_10rc}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_87}}
|-
| '''Alloy BT-6''' || x0.70 || {{Specs-Link|ussr_t_80b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_80u}}
|-
| '''External composite armour with {{Annotation|NERA|Non-Energetic Reactive Armour}} elements''' || x0.10 KE x1.70 CE || {{Specs-Link|germ_leopard_2a6}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_90b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_vickers_mk7}}
|-
| '''Wood''' || x0.05 || {{Specs-Link|cn_ztz_99}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_is_3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_object_120}}
|-
| '''{{Annotation|MEXAS|Modular Expandable Armour System}} 2''' || x0.16 || {{Specs-Link|us_m1128_mgs}}
|-
| '''MEXAS 2C''' || x0.16 || {{Specs-Link|us_m1128_mgs}}
|-
! colspan="3" | Naval vessels
|-
| '''Rolled homogeneous armour''' || x1.00 ||
|-
| '''Rolled cemented armour''' || x1.10 || Heavy cruisers, battleships
|-
| '''Structural steel''' || x0.45 ||
|-
| '''Coal bunker''' || x0.01 ||
|-
| '''Concrete''' || x0.35 || {{Specs-Link|germ_artilleriefahrprahm_typ_d1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_artilleriefahrprahm_typ_d3}}
|-
| '''Wood''' || x0.05 KE x0.00 CE ||
|-
| '''Antifragmentation armour''' || x0.90 ||
|-
| '''Hardened armour''' || x0.80 ||
|-
|}

=Aircraft=
Armour on aircraft are often minimum and focused on vital sections rather than on the overall airframe. Armour are often not taken into consideration in the design as armour constitutes more material and thus a heavier aircraft which would inhibit its performance due to weight penalty.<ref name="BismarckArmour">Bismarck 2017</ref>

Armour for pilots are thus usually never beyond the usage of bullet-resistant glass on the cockpit that could provide protection against rifle calibre ammunition. Though some armour plating are present in the back on some planes like the P-47, these were only thick enough for small calibers and serve more to slow down the incoming round so that it has little energy once it punches through. Other important areas that armour could be present on aircraft is around the engine. Important design features that dictate whether an aircraft design is more durable than others was in the airframe build quality, the airframe's ability to take damage, and adequate protections around vital components such as the engine, pilot, and fuel tanks.<ref name="BismarckArmour" />

=Tank=
==History==
===Interwar period===
Armour plays a very important role on tanks as they were conceived by it. The armour on the tanks at its inception made them invulnerable to the basic small arms fire, a trait that broke the stalemate of the trench warfare in World War I. During the interwar period, tank armour was prioritized on protection against firearms and artillery shrapnel. However, experience in the Spanish Civil War showed that this concept leaves the tank vulnerable to heavier guns. This is demonstrated when Italian tankettes and German Panzer I's, armed with only machine guns and simple 13 mm armour, went up against the Soviet [[T-26|T-26]], which had a 45 mm gun on its turret. The tank arms race increased armament and armour, evident on the German [[Pz.IV C|Panzer IV]] when armour increased from the initial 14.5 mm in 1936 to 30 mm in 1938 before World War II broke out.

===Early World War II===
During World War II, tank armour played a huge part in tank design. More armour means more weight on the tank and thus must be sparingly used to the tank mobility in acceptable margins. Tank armour in this period is separated by the three tank categories, light, medium, and heavy tanks. It was in this period that tank armour went through many technological advances. One of the perfect example is the French SOMUA S35 and the Soviet [[T-34 (1940)|T-34]]. The two vehicles made extensive usage of the concept of "sloped armour", which increased the armour effective thickness due to the difference in the line-of-sight thickness (See [[Armour#Sloped_armour|"Concepts"]] section). The Germans, which mainly used vertical-faced armour on their [[Pz.III F|Panzers]], struggled to take these vehicles out due to their strong armour against their inadequate guns. While the Battle of France did not incite Germany to quickly upgrade their armour and armament due to the small quantities of these kinds of tanks, the encounter with the T-34's in Operation Barbarossa came as a great shock due to the large number of T-34's available in Soviet inventory. The Germans, in a stage informally known as a "tank panic", rushed development to complete weapons able to destroy the T-34 and uparmour their tanks to withstand the Soviet 76 mm cannons. The Soviet T-34 and American [[M4A1|M4 Shermans]] caused great headaches in the German armoured forces due to their strong, sloped front armour in 1942, but that all changed in 1943 and beyond.

===Late World War II===
The year 1943 changed everything in the balance of tank power from the Allies with their T-34 and Shermans to the Germans. Germany introduced their newest tanks in large quantities, the [[Panther D|Panther]] and the [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]] tanks. These vehicles introduced powerful cannons and a new redefinition of the term "armour" for tanks. The Tiger I came with an astounding 100 mm armour thickness in front. Though vertical-faced and thus did not have the benefit of "sloped armour", the guns on Shermans and T-34 at the time could not penetrate the front plate at standard combat ranges, forcing the Allied medium tanks to close in for a kill. The Panther had 80 mm of frontal armour, but that armour was sloped at a 55° from vertical and caused the effective armour to instead be 140 mm thick. Thus, the Panther was basically invulnerable in the hull front from any anti-tank weapon in existence in Allied inventory at that time. The Germans also started to extensively used an armour called "Schürzen", which is a form of "spaced armour" that provided additional protection to their tank's weak side armour. The two new tanks, plus a new one in the form of the [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger II]] with 150 mm of frontal armour sloped for effective thickness of ~230 mm, caused turmoil in the Allied armoured forces as they find a way to easily destroy the new tanks. They were never able to compete against the German's in terms of armour thickness until after World War II.

===Cold War===
By the end of World War II, sloping armour had become a ubiquitous concept and every tank designed has it from the American [[M60|M60]], British [[Centurion Mk 3|Centurion]], and Soviet [[T-54 (1951)|T-54/55]] tanks. With increasing tank armour equaling to increased weight, countries try to keep their tank weight in manageable ranges while making the armour up to date with current threats. By early 1960s, anti-tank technology such as the [[Anti-tank_guided_missiles|anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM)]] has grown to the point where it requires a large amount of steel to make the armour thick enough to resist the threat, but the amount was prohibitive and made the tank too heavy. Some nations such as Germany tried to solve this by relying on mobility at the expense of armour such as the [[Leopard I]], but it became clear a new type of armour is needed. It came in the form of "composite armour", which used steel combined with a variety of material such as plastic and ceramic that can resist penetration more effectively at a lighter weight. Composite armour soon became the new standard of tank armour throughout the world. Another armour developed in the Cold War was the "explosive reactive armour", which used an explosive to deflect a penetration property. Explosive reactive armour, or ERA, was highly effective against the ubiquitous HEATFS rounds used as anti-tank weapons. These armour technology saved the tanks from becoming obsolete during the Cold War against the new anti-tank missile threat that allows a small infantry crew to destroy a tank as far as 2,000 m away. Composite armour, ERA, and the increasing lethality of tank armament helped revolutionize the tank concept from light, medium, and heavy tanks into the new, universal "main battle tank".

==Concepts==
===Sloped armour===
[[File:T-54 Training Parola Tank Museum.jpg|x200px|thumb|right|A cut-out of a [[T-54 (1951)|T-54]] to show the effectiveness of sloping armour.]]

Sloped armour is effectively angling the armour of a tank on an angle rather than placed for a flat surface.

Slope armour presents the advantage of having a much thicker effective armour on a tanks for a lighter weight due to using a thinner armour plate. The sloped nature also increases the chance of the impacting shell to simply ricochet or deflect off, doing no effect to the armour. The disadvantage of the sloped armour was its more complicated manufacturing process and a reduction in internal space.

====Calculating sloped armour effective thickness====
A simple formula to calculate a tank's effective thickness (Line Of Sight, or LOS) due to sloping armour is with this: 

[LOS Effective Thickness vs Projectile Type] = ([Armour Thickness] × [Armour Modifier vs Projectile Type]) / cos ([Armour Angle]) 
'''Note:''' This formula does not factor in the possible horizontal or vertical angle of the target's armour plate relative to the shot's origin or deviations of the shell's angle of inclination due to bullet drop at longer ranges. We assume the target is placed on an even field and shot at from straight ahead at distance where the shell will hit the armour with 0° of bullet drop. 

For example: A Panther has an 80 mm (armour thickness) front armour plate, sloped at an angle of 55° (armour angle) and made out of RHA (armour modifier), being shot at by an AP projectile (armour modifier vs projectile = 1.0 vs KE). Thus, we input the values: 

(80 mm × 1.0) / cos (55°) = 80 mm / cos (55°) = 80 mm / 0.574 = 139.4 mm ≈ 140 mm (vs Kinetic AP) 

Thus, we get the value of how thick the Panther's sloped frontal armour is in a line-of-sight angle.

===Armour angling===
Outside of sloped armour, another way to improve the effective armour thickness on tanks is simply angling the armour towards the opponent. This means instead of sloping the armour in a vertical plane, instead angle sideways.

[[File:TigerIHTank Armour Angling.png|x200px|thumb|left|An example of armour angling with the [[Tiger_H1|Tiger I]], angled towards the opponent in its most optimum degree for best all-around armour.]]

This gives another form of thickness as not only does the round have to pass through a plane of armour, but two plane of the same armour, which would boost the effective thickness. This is best seen in vertical-faced armoured tanks like the [[Tiger H1|Tiger I tank]]. Though their vertical faced 100 mm front plate would only give 100 mm effectiveness, it was recommended in the Tigerfibel crew manual that a 45 degree diamond angle position would provide a front armour of nearly 130 mm of effective thickness.<ref name="Tigerfibel">Carruthers 2011</ref> This gives tank a chance to improve their effective front armour thickness especially when against enemies that would penetrate their front with little difficulty. However, beware of angling too much towards the enemy that it exposes the weaker side armour to enemy fire, which may have a chance of penetrating.

Some tanks attempt to implement this concept into the designs itself. One example is the Soviet [[IS-3]] with its "pike nose" front armour. Due to the sloping effect not only going back, but sweeping to the sides, this improves the IS-3 front armour effectiveness and ricochet chances.

===Spaced armour===
Spaced armour helps against anti-tank rounds in a form of disruption and denial. Spaced armour was first widely used by the Germans in the form of "Schürzen", attaching metal sheets away from the base armour of their Panzers. These metal sheets were intended to disrupt the kinetic energy of the Soviet 14.5 mm anti-tank rifles, which could penetrate the weaker side armour of their tanks. It does this by forcing much of the energy on the rifle round to be expelled on the Schürzen sheets, passing through and causing negligible damage on the base side armour. The Schürzen may also disrupt tank rounds as well, but the much greater kinetic energy of tank shells means that its disruption will be ineffective to all but the most sloped shots. Though there is a belief that the Schürzen plates were meant to stop HEAT rounds from shoulder-launched weapons, the plates were not intentionally designed for this task.

Spaced armour was used in various formats in the Cold War tank designs. It was used as a form of protection against HEAT rounds from tank guns and rocket launchers, with the air separating the tank's base armour and the spaced armour acting to dissipate the HEAT's power before it reaches the hull. Spaced armour also works against kinetic penetrators by shattering the round on impact with the first layer. Though early kinetic rounds using brittle materials like tungsten were affected by this armour, better material like depleted uranium made the rounds more durable and proof against this type of armour.<ref name="MM.Spaced">M.m. 2015</ref>

===Explosive reactive armour (ERA)===
Explosive reactive armour (ERA) works by using an explosive force to disrupt an incoming armour-piercing ammunition. The construction of ERA usually takes the form of individual tiles made up of "reactive elements", which are sandwiched explosives in between sheets of metal. These tiles would be used around vulnerable points of a tank to provide protection at these locations.

Though ERA provides good protection against HEAT ammunition, high-velocity kinetic penetrators like APDS and APFSDS penetrates too quickly for the explosive force to be effective against them. This was a problem in early ERA designs, but more modern ERA types have been able to resist these ammunition. Even so, ERA still has drawbacks in that each explosive tile were one-time-use against the incoming round, leaving the exposed tank metal underneath once expended. ERA also has become vulnerable to tandem-charge ammunition, which use a two-stage detonation sequence with the first charge destroying the ERA plate and the second penetrating the armour underneath the plate. Finally, the ERA plates rarely cover the entire tank sections due to contouring and moving parts, so the armour is still exposed in various degrees to be hit and penetrated.

{| class="wikitable"
! ERA Type!! Protection Value !! Vehicles
|-
| '''"Passive" {{Annotation|ERA|Explosive Reactive Armour}}''' || 5 mm {{Annotation|KE|Kinetic Energy (AP rounds)}} 370 mm {{Annotation|CE|Chemical Energy (HEAT rounds)}} || {{Specs-Link|cn_cm11}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m60a1_rise_passive_era}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_m60a3_tts}}
|-
| '''"Blazer" ERA''' || 5 mm KE 260 mm CE || {{Specs-Link|sw_strv_104}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_centurion_shot_kal_d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_magach_3}}*
|-
| '''"CONTACT-1" ERA''' || 5 mm KE 400 mm CE || {{Specs-Link|ussr_t_64_b_1984}}*{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_72av_turms}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_72b}}
|-
| '''"CONTACT-5" INTEGRATED ERA''' || 120 mm KE 450 mm CE || {{Specs-Link|ussr_t_72b3_2011}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_80u}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_90a}}
|-
| '''"Relict" ERA''' || 20-250 mm KE 450-600 mm CE|| {{Specs-Link|ussr_t_72b3_2011}}* {{-}}{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_80bvm}}
|-
| '''FY-4 ERA''' || 140 mm KE 450 mm CE || {{Specs-Link|cn_ztz_96a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_ztz_99}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|cn_ztz_99_w}}
|-
| '''ZTZ59D1 ERA''' || 5-120 mm KE 370 mm CE || {{Specs-Link|cn_type_59d}}
|-
| '''T-69 II G ERA''' || 5 mm KE 370 mm CE || {{Specs-Link|cn_type_69_2g}}
|-
| '''"ROMOR-A" ERA''' || 30 mm KE 300 mm CE || {{Specs-Link|it_b1_centauro_romor}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_centurion_mk_5_avre_era}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_challenger_II}}*{{-}}{{Specs-Link|uk_challenger_2_dorchester}}
|-
|'''"BRENUS" ERA'''||5 mm KE 400 mm CE||{{Specs-Link|fr_amx_30_b2_brenus}}
|-
| '''Integrated ERA''' || 10 mm KE 250 mm CE || {{Specs-Link|fr_leclerc_s1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_leclerc_s2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fr_leclerc_sxxi}}
|-
|'''"DYNAS" ERA'''
|100 mm KE 550 mm CE
|{{Specs-Link|ussr_t_72m2_moderna}}
|-
! colspan="3" | <nowiki>*</nowiki>with add-on armour modification
|-
|}

====History====
The first efforts in discovering this form of protection reach back to 1949 in the Soviet Union at the Nii Stali facility, although nothing much came out of it after failed tests and it was discontinued on the belief that the current armour on their main battle tanks was good enough. The traction did not continue again until German researcher Dr.Manfred Held, a shaped charge (HEAT) specialist, traveled to Israel on the conclusion of their 1967 Six-Day War. Examining several of the destroyed tanks from the conflict, he discovered that the force from exploding ammunition slightly reduced the effect of the shaped charge used. He then developed the first working ERA plate in 1970. Though this was the first effective iteration of the ERA, Held's design required the explosive mesh to be fitted inside empty cavities, integrated into the tank armour. Held improved on the design in the same year which consisted of a tiles formed with the reactive elements. This model would become the fundamental design of modern ERA.<ref name="MM.Era">M.m. 2016</ref>

The majority of the NATO countries did not buy into the explosive reactive armour that Held presented. He did not find anyone interested until he returned back to Israel in 1974, after the 1973 Yom-Kippur War. There, the Israeli government and the Israeli Defense Force were persuaded, perhaps from their combat experiences, to adopt the ERA as a protection for their tanks. The Israelis then produced the ''Blazer ERA'' plates which followed Held's design with reactive elements. The Blazer ERA will first see usage in the 1982 Lebanon War, the tiles attached onto M60 tanks to protect the steel hull against anti-tank weaponry.<ref name="MM.Era" />

The Soviet Union was the next country to use ERA, under the name ''Kontakt ERA''. It was first introduced in 1984 and featured a tile design similar to Blazers, though using one or two reactive elements stacked together for better effectiveness. Like the Blazer, these plates were highly effective against HEAT rounds, but were generally ineffective against kinetic penetrators. Following the Soviets, the reactive armour was soon adopted by many other countries in the 1980s, from mainly Eastern bloc countries such as Czechoslovakia, Ukraine, and Poland. Today the ERA plates are still viable against modern anti-tank weaponry, especially when complemented with other tank defensive measures.<ref name="MM.Era" />

===Composite armour===
''To be filled''

===[[Add-on Armor|Add-on armor]]===
{{main|Add-on Armor}}

Add-on armour is a form of improvisation of the tank armour usually done by the crew or a maintenance unit in the front lines. Due to the rushed nature of tank technology in World War II, armour once considered adequate on tanks can quickly become obsolete with the introduction of a new gun piece in the field or a new equipment, such as the [[KwK36 (88 mm)]] on the [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]] and the Panzerfaust anti-tank launcher, both could cut through Sherman and T-34 armour with little resistance. The declining armour effectiveness against these weapons prompted the tank crews to attempt an expedient method to improve the armour quality of their tanks. Troops went and attached logs, sandbags, tracks, concrete, and metal sheets onto their tanks to improve its effective thickness. The usefulness against anti-tank rounds from tank shells and HEAT rounds are controversial. Some tankers swear by it and claim they were saved by their improvised armour while analysts say that the add-on armour has no effect at all in interfering with incoming rounds. What was universally accepted was that these add-on armour helped improve the tank crew morale when fighting the enemy, renewed in confidence with their "improved" tank armour. However, add-on armour increases the weight of the tank due to the add-on of materials and thus can cause a strain on the power train and suspension of tanks, prompting some commanders like General George S. Patton to ban the usage of improvised armour to improve tank reliability. The most useful add-on armour was the welding of additional sheets of metal onto the tank, as seen in the well-received reception of the up-armoured M4 Sherman in the form of the [[M4A3E2]] Jumbos.

From Update 1.57, a modification known as the ''Add-on Armour'' was added onto certain vehicles. The modification adds spare track links along the hull and turret of the vehicle. The track links, when added, give an average of 17 - 20 mm of additional armour where they are attached.

= Media =


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|bclVoHQIWlg|'''The Shooting Range #321''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:11 discusses the birth of composite armour.|bq_3g8lJ6M8|'''The Shooting Range #316''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:45 discusses the evolution of tank armour.|c7NXyv_vD1A|'''How to use the protection analysis tool in War Thunder''' - ''Skreezilla''|B2woWvJK4ew|'''Top 7 most armoured vehicles''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|o24D6yl_VLg|'''The Shooting Range #115''' - ''Tactics & Strategy'' section at 10:14 discusses how to maximize your armour while on the defensive.|Go91srkTM80|'''Explosive Reactive Armor and Composite Armor''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|mJO2sLI_jwU|'''The Shooting Range #19''' - ''Tactics & Strategy'' section at 04:53 discusses how to angle your armour.}}

= External links =


* [[wt:en/news/5569-development-protection-analysis-en|[Development] Protection Analysis]]

==References==

;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography

* Bismarck. "⚜ | Yes, World War 2 Planes Had Armour BUT..." YouTube. YouTube, 17 Aug. 2017. Web. 26 Sept. 2017. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-v5aMayFrRE Video].
* Carruthers, Bob. Tiger I: Official Wartime Crew Manual (the Tigerfibel). Warwickshire: Coda, 2011. Print.
* M.m. "Explosive Reactive Armor - Some History, Some Types." Below The Turret Ring. Blogger, 28 Apr. 2016. Web. 25 Sept. 2017. [https://below-the-turret-ring.blogspot.com/2016/04/explosive-reactive-armor-some-history.html Website].
* M.m. "The Truth about Spaced Armor on Modern Tanks and AFVs." Below The Turret Ring. Blogger, 31 Dec. 2015. Web. 26 Sept. 2017. [https://below-the-turret-ring.blogspot.com/2015/12/the-truth-about-spaced-armor-on-modern.html Website].

[[Category:Game mechanics]]

ELC bis

2024-06-04T22:11:32Z

U103335740: Added armour values and history section

{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_amx_elc_bis
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''AMX Engin Léger de Combat (ELC) bis''' is a prototype light tank built by the Atelier de Construction d'Issy-les-Moulineaux as part of the ELC project launched by the French Ministry of Defense in 1955. The purpose of the ELC project was to develop a lightly armoured, heavily armed combat vehicle that could be transported and deployed swiftly through airlift. The ELC concept was to mount strong anti-tank guns on a small but fully armoured tankette, resulting in a mobile, concealed light tank destroyer capable of hitting and destroying all types of enemy vehicles at a range of 1.5 kilometres. In the mid-1950s, two prototypes were designed on the Hotchkiss tankette hull, primarily differing in their primary armament; nevertheless, the running gear, engine, and mechanical components were essentially the same for both prototypes. However, towards the end of development in 1961, the ELC program was deemed unpromising, and work on the project was abandoned in favour of developing the [[AMX-13 (Family)|AMX-13 light tank family]]. The AMX ELC bis is now on display as an exhibit at the Museum of Armored Vehicles in Saumur.

Introduced in [[Update "Wind of Change"]], the AMX ELC bis is a lightweight and mobile tank destroyer. The AMX ELC bis excels at ambush and flanking manoeuvres, thus the gameplay is centred on these characteristics. Heavy machine guns, which are prevalent on the battlefield, can readily penetrate weak spots on the front turret and instantly knock out the crew. Furthermore, the reload speed is average, making engaging several enemies highly undesirable. It is recommended to take your time selecting targets and patiently waiting for the ideal opportunity to strike. If an engagement turns dangerous, retreat as quickly as possible since the slow reverse speed can be fatal; however, this can be minimized by utilizing smoke grenades at the appropriate time.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The ELC bis' armour is only sufficient to protect against small arms fire, and the 2-man crew means there is little chance of survival if shot at. In particular, while the front hull armour and parts of the front turret armour are sufficient to protect against .50 cals, there are weak spots on the front turret with an effective thickness as low as 13 mm, notably around the driver, making any encounter with vehicles equipped with .50 cals potentially deadly, even at up to 1500 m. The ELC can survive low shots however, as both the engine and transmission sit in the front of tank, and thus can absorb most of the damage if directly hit.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 40* mm (75°-79°) ''Upper glacis'' 40* mm (12°-61°) ''Lower glacis''|| 15+4** mm ''Top'' 15 mm ''Bottom'' || 15 mm (21°) ''Upper rear'' 15 mm (46°) ''Lower Rear'' ||8 mm
|-
| Turret || 30 mm (50°) ''Turret front'' 8 mm (10°) ''Left turret cheek'' 8mm (28°) ''Right turret cheek'' 15 mm (25°) + 8mm (26°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 8 mm (12°) || 8 mm (1°) ''Turret rear'' 8 mm (62°-74°) ''Upper turret rear''|| 8 mm
|-
| Cupola || 8 mm || 8 mm || 8 mm || 8 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 

 <nowiki>*</nowiki> Variable thickness cast homogeneous armour <nowiki>**</nowiki> Structural steel

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The ELC bis has a formidable top speed of 87 km/h (AB) and 80 km/h (RB/SB). However, it suffers from poor acceleration and speed retention through turns, which is particularly noticeable in RB/SB, where the ELC will in practice only reach 60 km/h at most even when fully upgraded. Thus, its mobility on the battlefield is comparable to the American [[M50]] and [[M56]], which both stand at the same BR. The reverse speed is only of -10 km/h, too slow to escape dangerous encounters, which is something players must keep in mind when engaging enemies. In contrast, the ELC bis has a particularly good power-to-weight ratio, even when compared to other light vehicles at the same BR.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=256|rbMinHp=159}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|D915 (90 mm)}}

The 90 mm D915 cannon is unsuited for long range due to the poor ballistics of the HEATFS, and fails to make up for it in close quarters due to the average reload time. In addition, stabilizing the gun after stopping takes a few seconds, making snapshots impossible.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[D915 (90 mm)|90 mm D915]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 36 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+13° || rowspan="2" | ±20° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 26.4 || 36.5 || 44.4 || 49.1 || 52.2 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 17.9 || 21.0 || 25.5 || 28.2 || 30.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:D915 (90 mm)/Ammunition|OCC 60-62, OE 90 F1, OFUM PH90-F2}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
!1st rack empty
! 2st rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''53'''
|35 (+18)|| 1 ''(+52)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* The ELC bis has two ammo racks, the first located in the turret behind the gunner and driver and the second located at the rear of the tank, just before the fuel tank.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|AAT-52 (7.5 mm)}}

The machine gun can only clear light obstacles, its primary use is to clear fences or other elements that would otherwise make your HEATFS shells detonate before reaching the target. Vehicles with exposed crew aren't particularly common at the ELC's battle rating, the main vehicles the ELC encounters where the machine gun can prove useful against are the American [[M42 Duster (Family)|M42]] and [[M56]].

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[AAT-52 (7.5 mm)|7.5 mm AAT-52]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,800 (200) || 900 || - || -
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

Despite looking like one, it is important to remember that the ELC bis is not a light tank. It is strictly a tank destroyer, a fact highlighted by the absence of the scouting ability. The ELC bis is mobile but is generally slower than other light vehicles of the same BR, thus it is not really able to capture points early-on. The ELC excels in camouflage and in taking spots normally unattainable, and the gameplay generally revolves around this. The ELC bis is best unseen: .50 cal MGs, which are common at the BR, can penetrate weak spots on the front turret and immediately knock out the crew. In addition, the reload speed being simply average makes engaging multiple enemies not desirable. But in RB and SB, that is where the ELC's top-notch camouflaging ability comes into play, as the ELC bis can take the time to choose its targets carefully and patiently wait for the right time to strike. The slow reverse speed can be deadly if an engagement turns out dangerous, but this can be alleviated with a promptly-timed usage of the smoke grenades.

HEATFS being the ELC's only available shell, large tanks can be hard to deal with, but in particular, extra care is required against the [[Centurion Mk.5 AVRE]], as its ERA armour is extremely efficient against HEATFS rounds.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Incredibly small profile, can hide in places that are simply impossible for other vehicles
* Good mobility
* Formidable top speed of 80 km/h
* HEATFS rounds with 320 mm of penetration, making enemy armour not a concern

'''Cons:'''

* Only 2 crew members, both sitting in a small turret: hits on the turret are nearly always fatal
* Front turret weak spots make the ELC vulnerable to .50 cal MGs even from the front
* Weak top armour: 20 mm cannons and 50 cal MGs found on aircraft rip right through and knock out the crew as well
* Rarely reaches its top speed in RB and SB
* Reverse speed is underwhelming for a light tank
* Cannot fully traverse the turret 360 degrees
* Low muzzle velocity on the HEATFS shells: not suited for engaging moving targets at long range
* Low gun elevation
* Tank rocks back and forth when coming to a stop, which makes aiming very hard

== History ==


'''Pre-Development'''

France first became interested in developing a lightly armoured combat vehicle capable of being airlifted in November 1946. While this project fell through, another program was launched 10 years later in 1954, the Engin Léger de Combat (ELC) "light combat vehicle" project. The ELC program was spearheaded by two main competitors, Ateliers de construction d'Issy-les-Moulineaux (AMX) and Brunon-Vallette (EVEN).<ref name=":0">(Pasholok 2015)</ref><ref name=":1">(Military 2000)</ref> The idea was to create a light combat vehicle mounting an anti-tank armament on a slightly less completely armored tank chassis and to create a mobile light tank destroyer. One that would be barely visible, capable of engaging and defeating all types of enemy tanks up to a distance of approximately 1000 meters, which was then increased to 1500 meters.<ref name=":2>(AMX 1958)</ref>

In March 1954, AMX engineers based their first design of the ELC, designated Chenillette 4-120SR, off of the Hotchkiss CC-2 transporter. While AMX envisioned a two-seat combat vehicle armed with four 120 mm recoilless rifles, this did not make it off paper (not to be confused with EVEN's similar designs of the ELC Even 120).<ref name=":3">(Pasholok 2016)</ref> 4 months later, in July 1954, another project was proposed, the Chenillette 6-105SR, armed with six 105 mm recoilless rifles. Again, this version did not make it off paper.<ref name=":1"/>

'''Development'''

The '''AMX ELC bis''' was first conceived on April 27th, 1954. Originally called the 'Chenillette biplace avec casemate tournante de 90' (2-seat wedge with a 90 mm gun mounted in a casemate turret), AMX designers placed both crew members in the turret, with the engine in the bow. This allowed for a very compact vehicle layout. However, this meant that the turret could only rotate if the vehicle was not in motion, as the driver would not have visibility and access to the controls. In December 1954, a redesign placed the driver in the wheelhouse, moving the turret forward and the engine and transmission to the back. The first prototype entered testing in 1955, with a 90 mm D914 cannon inserted in a two-man TC.901 turret developed by FAHM (Forges et Aciéries de la Marine et d'Homécourt, a.k.a. Saint-Chamond).<ref name=":1"/>

The D914 gun was capable of firing 90mm Empennée HEAT rounds, but was found to be inadequate, and thus an improved D915 cannon, capable of firing what were designated 'G shells' was created, prompting the development of a new turret. In total, 4 turrets were created, TC.901 through TC.904. TC.901 and TC.902 both were fit with the D914 gun and ANVRC 7 radio while the TC.903 and TC.904 were created and fit with the D915 gun and a different ANGRC 4 radio. In addition, the TC.902 and TC.904 were both equipped with rangefinders.<ref name=":2/> In 1957, after two years of testing, a new chassis was designed and the second and final prototype of the '''AMX ELC bis''' using the TC.904 turret and D915 gun was created. Differing from the first prototype, it included, smoke grenade launchers, redesigned observation devices, a rangefinder and an increase in road wheels to five. The gun mantlet, engine compartment roof and upper front plate were all changed, including the equipment mounted on them.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":3"/> The final '''AMX ELC bis''' prototype was equipped with a 4-cylinder SOFAM Type 4 GSr engine with a power of 180 hp, resulting in a specific power of 20 hp/t and a top speed of 80 km/h. The tank was estimated to weigh a total of 8920 kg with crew and ammunition.<ref name=":4>(AMX 1961)</ref>

Development concluded in 1958,<ref name=":2"/> and while testing continued, the ELC program was eventually closed in 1961.<ref name=":4"/> The project was discontinued in favour of improving the AMX-13 light tank.<ref name=":3"/>

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fr_amx_elc_bis Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

* [[wt:en/news/7615-development-amx-elc-bis-the-grass-crawler-en|[Devblog] AMX ELC bis: The Grass Crawler]]

=== References ===
;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography
* "French Christmas Tree." Warspot, 2015, https://warspot.ru/4780-frantsuzskaya-yolka
* Centre des hautes études de l'Armement. ''Les Ingénieurs Militaires et l'Émergence d'une Nouvelle Industrie Française de l'Armement: 1945-1960.'' CHARME, 2000
* "AMX ELC 90." Tank Archives, 2016, https://www.tankarchives.ca/2016/02/amx-elc-90.html
* AMX, "AMX ELC: General history, armament, casemate turret, mobility, turret modifications", 1958, https://archive.org/details/al-9n-zevau-0-rurc-u-h-9fzex-ufm-0-sqxgx-bg-x-4-spka-n-4-vnbc-by-74-ct-4-rwwivop
* AMX, "AMX ELC bis performance, mass, gabarites", 1961, https://archive.org/details/2022-09-18-214717589
{{TankManufacturer AMX}}
{{France tank destroyers}}

File:JGSDF AH-64D APG-78.jpg

2023-12-05T12:11:23Z

U103335740:

An AN/APG-78 "Longbow" radar mounted on a JGSDF AH-64D

AIM-7M Sparrow

2023-11-25T10:03:20Z

U103335740: /* Fixed small mistake in comparison with analogues */

== Description ==

The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is an American [[Air-to-air_missiles#Semi-Active_Radar_Homing_.28SARH.29_missiles|semi-active radar-homing air-to-air missile]]. It was introduced in [[Update "Apex Predators"]]

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|f_14b}}
* {{Specs-Link|f_16a_block_15_adf}}
* {{Specs-Link|f_16a_block_15_adf_italy}}
* {{Specs-Link|f_16a_block_20_mlu}}
* {{Specs-Link|f_16c_block_50}}
* {{Specs-Link|f_16d_block_40_barak_2}}

== General info ==


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | Missile characteristics
|-
| '''Mass''' || 231 kg
|-
| '''Guidance''' || SARH
|-
| '''Signal''' || CW
|-
| '''Lock range''' || 40 km
|-
| '''Launch range''' || 100 km
|-
| '''Maximum speed''' || 4.0 M
|-
| '''Maximum overload''' || 25 G
|-
| '''Missile guidance time''' || 75 secs
|-
| '''Explosive mass''' || 15.09 kg TNTeq
|-
|}

=== Effective damage ===
''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of missile (high explosive, splash damage, etc)''

=== Comparison with analogues ===

The AIM-7M is far superior to its previous generation of missiles (AIM-7E-2, AIM-7E, AIM-7D, etc) mainly due to its range. Unlike the previous generation of Sparrows, the AIM-7M is suited for both low and high altitude, but excels at high-altitude targets.

'''Low-altitude'''

The AIM-7M can hold its own in low-altitude fighting. Due to the lack of a guidance delay, the AIM-7M can confidently be used in close-range engagements at low-altitude in conjunction with the 25 G overload. For low-altitude targets, players can be daring and launch missiles from ~8 km (4.9 mi), but to have a higher chance of hitting the target, it's better to launch from ~5 km (3.1 mi). Launching from 5 km gives the target less time to go into the notch and evade the Sparrow.

'''High-altitude'''

The AIM-7M shines in this aspect. Players can be assured of launching missiles 12+ km out from the target due to the AIM-7Ms long burn time and manoeuvrability. The AIM-7M has the 2nd highest acceleration of any SARH missile, second only to the R-27ER. This allows for very long-range launches at high altitude. In order to achieve a high probability of kill, it's important to stay fast and stay on the target to achieve a clear lock. Staying fast allows the missile to reach a higher speed, increasing the range.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very manoeuvrable
* Exceptional range
* No guidance delay, unlike all of its contemporaries
* Very large explosive mass

'''Cons:'''

* Can be spotted for a very long time due to the motor

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the weapon;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Missiles}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

A-5C

2023-11-07T12:09:43Z

U103335740: Redone history section: made to be more in-depth and accurate with included sources

{{About
| about = Chinese strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Q-5 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=a_5c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|StoreImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|store=10408
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (known as 强-5III in the Chinese client) is the export version of the Q-5 Fantan during the early days of paid military sales in the 1980s. China was in desperate need of funding after economic reforms, and since previous aircraft exports were essentially given as aid rather than sales, military factories were also searching for a means to generate funds for their new projects. The idea for an export Q-5 came from Pakistan, which decided to expand its air force with more attackers following previous losses in war and concerns about the menacing Soviet forces in Afghanistan. Due to its impressive performance at low altitudes and relatively affordable price, the Q-5 was chosen as one of the new attackers for the PAF. However, these jets needed to be upgraded with Western avionics and weapons to ensure logistical compatibility. The new jet, known as the A-5C in PAF service, began production in the early 1980s and was exported to several countries across the Afro-Eurasian continent.

Introduced in [[Update "Direct Hit"]], the A-5C shares most of the performance, appearance, and capabilities of a [[Q-5A]], but with advanced air-to-air missiles and Western bombs which might be more familiar to French and American pilots. It retains the Q-5A's ballistic computer and can still destroy ground targets with HE rockets and unguided bombs. However, the main improvement over the tech tree Fantans lies in its ability to carry AAMs on dedicated wing hardpoints. With its excellent climb rate for an attacker, a pair of deadly [[Matra R550 Magic 1|Magic 1s]] or [[AIM-9P Sidewinder|AIM-9P]]s, and somewhat superior manoeuvrability to contemporary counterparts, it can punch above its weight in air combat, surprising opponents with what a MiG-19-based aircraft can do.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The A-5C is slightly heavier than the Q-5A, but the difference is negligible and does not meaningfully affect the flight performance. The acceleration and climb are still impressive even at a whole battle rating above the Q-5A. However the limited top speed and heavy control compression at transonic and supersonic speeds are flaws not shared by contemporary MiG-21s and Phantoms for example. While the A-5C can't effectively manoeuvre at high speeds, it does have excellent energy retention in those zones and can easily perform zoom climbs and climbing spirals. The best control authority is achieved at high subsonic speeds (~600-800 km/h IAS) if there is a need for sharp turns.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,438 || 1,434 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.4 || 25.7 || 139.8 || 130.0 || rowspan="2" | 900
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,458 || 1,447 || 24.6 || 25.0 || 186.2 || 162.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,260  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 500 || 450 || ~9 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 540 || < 650 || < 350 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Shenyang Liming WP-6A-III || 2
| colspan="2" | 6,712 kg || colspan="3" | 341 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel
|-
| 725 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 7,560 kg || 8,329 kg || 9,138 kg || 9,539 kg || 12,000 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 2,651 kgf || 3,706 kgf
| 0.98 || 0.89 || 0.81 || 0.78 || 0.62
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 2,679 kgf (1,000 km/h) || 3,783 kgf (1,000 km/h)
| 1.00 || 0.91 || 0.83 || 0.79 || 0.63
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 10 mm steel plate behind nose cone
* 60 mm bulletproof glass in cockpit front
* 8 mm steel plate underneath cockpit
* 25 mm steel armoured pilot's seat
* 10 + 16 mm steel armoured pilot's headrest
* Self-sealing fuel tanks behind cockpit and underneath engines in rear fuselage

The A-5C protects the pilot from small arms fire, but against the armaments encountered at the battle rating, this level of protection does not amount to much. Enemy cannons and missiles will make short work of the A-5C so avoiding incoming fire is paramount. The twin engines are likely to be damaged by attacks from the rear, but having two of them offers some extra survivability since it is capable of flying back to base on one engine. The aircraft also remains somewhat controllable if one of the elevators is blown off.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 23-2K (23 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 2 x 23 mm Type 23-2K cannons, wing-mounted (120 rpg = 240 total)
** 2 x 23 mm Type 23-2K cannons + 18 x countermeasures

The A-5C is equipped with the same Type 23-2K cannons as the other Fantan models. They fire rapidly and have a decent ammunition supply by Soviet/Chinese standards, but the muzzle velocity leaves something to be desired when fighting supersonic aircraft and the damage from individual shots can be inconsistent. They are not very suited for high-speed snapshots or head-ons but are still important backup weapons for when the A-5C runs out of missiles.

The ballistic computer grants CCIP functionality for the guns, which can be useful for harassing light ground targets if other ordnance is unavailable. However the AP-T rounds do not have enough penetration to threaten MBTs.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="6%" | 1 !! width="6%" | 2 !! width="6%" | 3 !! width="6%" | 4 !! width="6%" | 5 !! width="6%" | 6 !! width="6%" | 7
| rowspan="9" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[Type 250-2 (250 kg)|250 kg Type 250-2]] bombs
| || || || 4 || || ||
|-
! [[250-3 (250 kg)|250 kg 250-3]] bombs
| || || || 4 || || ||
|-
! [[250-4 (250 kg)|250 kg 250-4]] bombs
| || || || 4 || || ||
|-
! [[M117 cone 45 (750 lb)|750 lb M117 cone 45]] bombs
| || || || 4 || || ||
|-
! [[Type 90-1]] rockets
| || 7 || 7 || || 7 || 7 ||
|-
! [[Type 130-2]] rockets
| || 4 || 4 || || 4 || 4 ||
|-
! [[AIM-9P Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || || || || || || 1
|-
! [[Matra R550 Magic 1]] missiles
| 1 || || || || || || 1
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles
* 28 x Type 90-1 rockets
* 16 x Type 130-2 rockets
* 4 x 250 kg 250-3 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 4 x 250 kg 250-4 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 4 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles + 28 x Type 90-1 rockets + 4 x 250 kg 250-3 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles + 16 x Type 130-2 rockets + 4 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 16 x Type 130-2 rockets + 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 4 x 250 kg Type 250-2 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 28 x Type 90-1 rockets + 4 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (3,000 lb total)
{{Navigation-End}}

As an export model operated by Pakistan, the A-5C has different toys to play with than the PLAAF's Q-5A. It has a new pair of outboard wing hardpoints exclusively reserved for air-to-air missiles, and very potent missiles at that. The French Matra Magic 1, made famous by the [[Mirage IIIC]], is one of the most manoeuvrable missiles in War Thunder with a 35 G overload. Launching them within 2 km will generally seal the fate of non-flaring targets. The American AIM-9P, identical in performance to the AIM-9J used by the [[F-4E]] and [[F-5E]], is less manoeuvrable with a 20 G overload but tends to have a longer effective range and is thus more effective for sneak attacks. To summarize, the AIM-9P is best used at longer ranges with its longer burn time, whereas the Magic 1s should only really be used at close range.

The unguided rockets are still the Type 90-1 HEAT rockets and Type 130-2 HE rockets used by the Q-5A. There is a slight improvement in that both models can be mounted on any of the four main wing pylons, allowing for a full load of sixteen Type 130-2 rockets to be carried.

The A-5C now has access to American bombs. The 500 lb Mk 82 bombs are not much different from the Chinese 250 kg bombs, but the 750 lb M117 bombs are significantly heavier. They have a better explosive content for base bombing and require less precision when bombing ground targets.

A nice feature of the A-5C is the AAMs, rockets, and bombs all have reserved hardpoints and do not interfere with each other. A fully loaded A-5C can drop a full bombload and go on rocket runs while having a pair of AAMs for air combat at all times.

== Usage in battles ==


Although historically an attack aircraft, the A-5C is not a first-rate ground attacker in Air RB since its bombload is still not impressive compared to other jets at its battle rating. It cannot destroy a base with its four 250 kg/500 lb bombs, but this is still an option for supplementary research points: stay at low altitude, rush to a base, drop the bombs, then head towards the center of the map to join the furball. Going after AI ground vehicles with the bombs and rockets can also be successful provided that other jets do not arrive quickly to crash the party. The Type 130 HE rockets can also be unloaded into a base for additional points.

With a higher battle rating than the other Fantans, the A-5C starts to feel the limits of the MiG-19-based airframe when facing Mach 2-capable jets like the [[F-4C Phantom II]]. It can no longer count on being able to outrun its opponents, and the control compression makes it difficult to hit high-speed snapshots or make rapid high-speed turns to dodge missiles. It is then important to utilize the A-5C's strengths in acceleration, climb, and energy retention to maintain good positioning in dogfights. Use the flares and RWR to help avoid incoming missiles and carefully manage the airspeed with the throttle and airbrakes.

While its Chinese cousins lacked any form of AAM for self-defense, the A-5C comes with a pair of AIM-9Ps or Matra R550 Magics which prove very deadly at its battle rating. They are the reason why the A-5C is still effective in face of its airframe limitations; for example, the Magic's high manoeuvrability and wide seeker acquisition cone allows the A-5C to destroy manoeuvring enemy targets even if it is compressing and cannot manoeuvre much itself. Still, the pilot is responsible for using the missiles effectively: none can be used in the front aspect, they can be spoofed by flares, and only two of them are available. Use them against high-value targets that do not have enough time to react and consider returning to base once the missiles are spent. It is still possible for the A-5C to dogfight with guns, but the extended energy fighting the A-5C relies on makes for easy missile bait if other enemies are around.

Although the A-5C has access to great missiles for its battle rating, remember that other common attacker aircraft like the Soviet [[Su-25]]/[[Su-25K|K]] and the American [[A-10A]]/[[A-10A Late|Late]] have not only highly agile, but also all-aspect missiles in the form of the [[R-60M]] and [[AIM-9L Sidewinder]]. Do not engage these aircraft in head-ons and use the A-5C's superior flight performance to take them down. Because the Frogfoot and Warthog have huge flare capacities, be prepared to use guns if convenient or necessary.

'''Ground RB'''

Similar to the Q-5A, the A-5C can be quite effective in Ground RB despite having a relatively light payload. Since the A-5C has CCIP capabilities, pilots can deliver ordnance to enemy positions or vehicles with high accuracy. Once the bombs and rockets are spent, the A-5C can switch to providing air cover with its powerful AAMs, or return to base to restock.

The A-5C can carry a good amount of Type 130-2 HE rockets. With CCIP, they can be fired from several kilometres away outside of cannon SPAA range, and easily destroy thin-skinned vehicles through overpressure or shrapnel. Even MBTs can be knocked out by hits to side or roof armour, although this requires more precision and is best attempted at closer distances. The 750 lb bombs come in four drops and can conveniently destroy static targets, armoured or not, once enemy air defense has been suppressed.

Something to remember is that the A-5C's battle rating will pit it against radar-guided SAM systems. Without precision weapons like the laser-guided bombs of the tech tree [[Q-5L]], the A-5C cannot engage SAMs like the [[Roland 1]] outside of their missile range. The small countermeasure capacity also makes it difficult to drop lots of chaff for breaking radar locks. Assess the battlefield and fly cautiously if there is a significant SAM presence; either sneak around at low altitude or fly very high above their radar and unleash a rain of ordnance in a dive when they are distracted.

'''Evading IR Missiles'''

The A-5's engines produce a somewhat large heat signature compared to other aircraft at its BR, in some cases even if you shut your afterburner off and try to flare/bank away from the missile, it will ignore the flares outright and go right for your engines. At high speeds, your elevators and ailerons compress significantly, preventing you from evading the missile even if you expend all 18 flares on a single missile.

In order to evade some more-flare-resistant missiles such as the AIM-9L, a good strategy is to shut off your engines completely or reducing your throttle to 0% so your heat signature is reduced significantly, drop a flare or two, then fire up your engines again and speed off. Do not attempt to aggressively bank while your engines are off or still warming up, as you could bleed enough speed to allow whoever fired the missile at you a chance to get their guns locked on you. Once your engines are up to temperature again and producing maximum thrust, then you can bank to try to evade any future missile, this best works against slower targets like the A-10 or Su-25 which both carry 30-35 G all-aspect AAMs of the AIM-9L and R-60M/MK respectively. Avoid trying this tactic against jets like the F-4C or MiG-21s, as they can catch up to you at lower altitudes, especially at speeds approaching Mach 1.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High acceleration, great energy retention, and decent climb rate
* Good sustained manoeuvrability, can out-turn F-4 Phantoms and keep up with MiG-21s
* Can carry decent numbers of powerful HE rockets
* Excellent AIM-9P or R550 Magic missiles for air combat
* Has access to more powerful bombs than earlier Q-5 models
* CCIP for gun, rockets and bombs

'''Cons:'''

* Average roll rate, much slower than shorter-winged opponents such as [[Yak-38 (Family)|Yak-38]] and [[Jaguar GR.1|Jaguar]]
* Rudder and elevators lock up at high speeds (>1000 km/h)
* Lower top speed than many opponents
* The 23 mm cannons sometimes fall short in damage, much less lethal than J-6A's 30 mm cannons
* Ordnance capacity is still below average for its rank
* The amount of flares is quite limited

== History ==


'''Development'''

Designed to meet a 1950s requirement for a supersonic attack aircraft, the Qianjiji-5 (Q-5) first flew on 4 June 1965. The Q-5 (and later A-5 for export) is a derivative of the Shenyang F-6 (MiG-19) aircraft and was first designed in China in August 1958 at the Shenyang facility. Responsibility was later assigned to the Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing Corp. (NAMC) facility, creating the first prototype in 1960. The prototype program was cancelled in 1961, but kept alive by small team of Chinese aeronautical engineers and defence personnel, resuming officially in 1963. The first flight of the Q-5 took place on 4 June 1965, with an updated prototype flying in October 1969.<ref name=":0">(A-5C Fantan 1999)</ref><ref name=":1">(Nanchang Q-5 2010)</ref>

In view of the economy after the Cultural Revolution and the dawn of the economic reform in Mainland China, the Central Government decided that all exported weapons would be priced and handled by the newly established {{Annotation|CATIC|China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation}}. In mid-1979, Egypt became their first overseas customer with orders of new jets and engines; meanwhile, Pakistan had concluded that the main culprit for the lost of 3rd Indo-Pakistan War was because of the lack of a dedicated ground attacker, in fear of possible assaults from USSR via Afghanistan, they were in dire need for a new ground attacker.

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was originally an improved export version of the 1976 Q-5I. It was flight tested in late 1980 and certified for production on 20 October 1981. However, keen to win further orders, Nanchang offered the Q-5IA for export as the '''{{Specs|name}}''', incorporating 32 modifications onto the Q-5I plus upgraded avionics.<ref name=":0" /> These upgrades made it comparable to the Q-5III, which the '''{{Specs|name}}''' is often said to be based upon. With 3 prototypes built in 1982, the newly designated '''{{Specs|name}}''' was delivered to the Pakistan Air Force from early 1983 to 1984, with 54 of them built through out the year.

'''Design'''[[File:Q-5 Design Sketches.png|thumb|Design sketches of the Q-5/A-5 Fantan]]

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is powered by two Shenyang WP-6 turbojets, producing 25.50 kN of thrust, and 31.87 kN with afterburner. Both turbojets are mounted side by side in the rear of the fuselage.<ref name=":0" /> This allows the A-5C to climb at a rate of 103m/s with a maximum and cruise speed of 1210km/h and 910km/h respectively at a range of 2000km. The aircraft weighs around 6,375kg and its maximum take-off weight is 11,830kg.<ref name=":1" />

Armaments include two [[Type 23-2K (23 mm)|Type 23-2K (23 mm)]] autocannons fitted in the wing roots, which carry 100 rounds per gun.<ref name=":1" /> There are 10 attachment hardpoints, normally for external stores; two pairs in tandem under centre of fuselage, and three under each wing. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

'''Operational History'''
[[File:A-5C Formation.jpg|thumb|Formation of 3 Pakistan Air Force A-5Cs]]

Pakistan had sent 2 teams of staffs to Nanchang Aircraft Corporation and it was concluded that the A-5C (Q-5IA) would be a fair option, ordering 52 aircraft. Pakistan deemed it worthy as an attacker with its low-altitude performance and price, but it would also be upgraded with Western avionics, ejection seats, weaponry such as Western IR AAMs for self-defense. The original delivery to Pakistan consisted of 52 '''{{Specs|name}}'''s in 1983 which equipped the No. 16 and No. 26 Squadrons of the PAF.<ref name=":0" />

In total, about 90 '''{{Specs|name}}'''s were delivered to Pakistan between 1983-94, at the price of around $1 million per aircraft<ref name=":2">(Chawla, 66)</ref>, distributed to three different PAF squadrons (No. 7, 16 and 26).<ref name=":3">(Nanchang Q-5 Fantan 2023)</ref> Some of them were retired as early as 1999 and as of mid-1999 only 49 remained in service.<ref name=":4">(FANTAN A-5 2000)</ref>. However, Pakistan would continue to purchase more, with 6 '''{{Specs|name}}'''s acquired in 2003.<ref name=":5">(Chawla, 72)</ref> The remaining would be kept in commission until mid-2011, when the more-advanced JF-17 "Thunder" - a joint Chinese-Pakistani multi-role combat aircraft, replaced them as a multi-role fighter.

Other export variants of the A-5 remain in service with Myanmar, Bangladesh, North Korea and Sudan. As of 2023, 20 A-5Bs (based on the Q-5II) and '''{{Specs|name}}'''s are in service with the Myanmar Air Force, while less than 10 '''{{Specs|name}}'''s serve with the Bangladesh Air Force. It is unknown how many remain in service with North Korea and Sudan.<ref name=":3" /> Some sources estimate that North Korea purchased 36-50 A-5s between 1970 and 1982 with Sudan receiving around 20 in the early 2000s.<ref name=":6">(Forsgen)</ref>

Modern usages of the A-5 include during the War in Darfur, beginning in 2003, where the Sudanese Air Force used the jets for ground attack.<ref name=":7">(War in Darfur 2008)</ref> Another case, albeit accidental, occurred in March 2015, when Myanmar Air Force A-5C jets engaged in a skirmish against the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) accidentally dropped bombs on a Chinese village in Gengma County, Yunnan, killing 4 villagers within Chinese territory.<ref name=":8">(China Summons Ambassador 2015)</ref>

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=a_5c Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|qvUGjLvcJX0|'''Should You Buy The A-5C? - Premium Review''' - ''Sako Sniper''|DqgEmb5TKcg|'''Don't Sleep On The Magical A-5C''' - ''DEFYN''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Q-5 early]]
* [[Q-5A]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7284-development-new-top-tier-ztz99-iii-and-pre-order-for-a-5c-en|[Devblog] New top-tier ZTZ99-III and pre-order for A-5C]]

=== References ===

;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography

* “A-5C Fantan.” AIRCRAFTS OF THE PAKISTAN AIR FORCE, PAKISTAN AIRFORCE ONLINE, 1999, pakfizaia.tripod.com/a5.html.
* “Nanchang Q-5 Ground Attack Aircraft.” Airforce Technology, 26 Sept. 2010, www.airforce-technology.com/projects/nanchanggroundattack/?cf-view.
* Sherman, Robert. “FANTAN A-5, Q-5 (NANCHANG).” Fantan A-5, Q-5 (Nanchang) Pakistan Aircraft Special Weapons Delivery Systems, 13 Feb. 2000, nuke.fas.org/guide/pakistan/aircraft/a-5.htm.
* Chawla, Shalini. “PAKISTAN AIR FORCE: MODERNISATION TRENDS.” Air Power, vol. 14, no. 3, summer 2019, pp. 57–80.
* Nanchang Q-5 (Fantan), Military Factory, 10 Apr. 2023, www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.php?aircraft_id=568.
* Forsgren, Jan. “Jan Forsgren.” Aeroflight, 2023, www.aeroflight.co.uk/user/fleet/north-korea-af-nanchang-q-5-ia-fantan.htm.
* Feinberg, William. “China Summons Burmese Ambassador after Bomb Kills Four in Yunnan.” East by Southeast, ExSe, 14 Mar. 2015, www.eastbysoutheast.com/china-summons-burmese-ambassador-after-bomb-kills-four-in-yunnan/.
* Andersson, Hilary. “China ‘Is Fuelling War in Darfur.’” BBC News, BBC, 13 July 2008, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7503428.stm.

{{AirManufacturer Nanchang}}
{{China jet aircraft}}
{{China premium aircraft}}

File:A-5C Formation.jpg

2023-11-07T11:42:35Z

U103335740:

Formation of 3 Pakistan Air Force A-5Cs

File:Q-5 Design Sketches.png

2023-11-07T10:56:27Z

U103335740:

Design Sketches of the Q-5 Fantan

Type 23-2K (23 mm)

2023-10-30T07:38:06Z

U103335740: 900 RPM was incorrect, changed to 1150 RPM as shown in game

== Description ==

The '''23 mm Type 23-2K''' is a Chinese autocannon fitted to the [[Q-5_(Family)|Q-5s]], replacing the 30 mm from the J-6. The weapon in-game is similar to the Soviet [[NR-23 (23 mm)|NR-23]] and has sufficient firepower to destroy careless aerial targets if the shots land on the target.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|a_5c}}
* {{Specs-Link|q_5_early}}
* {{Specs-Link|q_5a}}
* {{Specs-Link|q_5l}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===


* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}
* '''Armoured targets:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}
* '''Air targets:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}
* '''Stealth:''' {{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}

It is possible to achieve penetration of American MBT's roofs (Abrams, MBT-70) with the AP-I round, although this task can prove to be difficult.

A HEF-I hitting the inner wing or central fuselage will act like a "mini-flak shell" and can cause fuel leaks, oil leaks, engine damage, and inner-wing damage.

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|HEF-I, AP-I}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==


This weapon makes for a fairly dangerous encounter, whether for you or your enemy. The slightly above average rate of fire of 1150 RPM allows for long-range tap firing or long bursts. The largest issue is that despite the large calibre, it could be frustrating with its lack of enough punch to ensure each hit will cripple the target and lower velocity than its Soviet ancestor, yet it still tends to come with a sparse supply of ammunition. Trigger-happy pilots beware! Precise aim is required!

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Decent damage per short burst of shells
* High fire rate for a gun of this calibre

'''Cons:'''

* Low velocity
* One or two shells usually won't cause critical damage or destroy an enemy (two may impact performance for a follow-up)
* Occasional sparks
* Generally low ammunition supply

== History ==


While designing China's [[Q-5 early|first ground attacker]], the Nanchang Aircraft Corporation attempted to put 2 [[NR-30 (30 mm)|NR-30]] ([[Type 30-1 (30 mm)|Type 30-1]]) cannons into the Xiongying 302 (Soaring Eagle 302) prototype (later known as Q-5) in 1965, but the ground and aerial tests showed that 2 large-calibre cannons placed in the nose of a jet attacker wasn't a good idea - as the fumes from the 30 mm autocannons caused engine stalls similar to that of the [[MiG-9 (Family)|MiG-9]], forcing chief designer Lu Xiaopeng (陆孝彭) to move its cannons to the root of the wing and downgrade to 23 mm [[NR-23 (23 mm)|NR-23]] (Type 23-1) cannons; but while the smaller calibre and repositioned guns reduced fume-caused stalling of engines, the NR-23 still could cause engine stalling.

Thus, in the later prototypes and the pre-production run of the Q-5, the Nanchang Aircraft Corporation changed the cannons to the shorter and muzzle-braked Type 23-2K cannons, reducing some of its velocity while retaining the ammo count, firepower, and preventing engine stalls caused by the aforementioned muzzle fumes.

Currently, these cannons have been decommissioned by the PLAAF and only the remaining foreign users of the A-5 still use this gun.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{China aircraft cannons}}

[[Category:Aircraft cannons]]

PL-7

2023-10-30T07:30:40Z

U103335740: Minor error replaced: PL-7 is effective at close range, exactly the same as Matra Magic 1s

== Description ==

The '''PL-7''' (Chinese: 霹雳-7), a reverse-engineered version of the [[Matra R550 Magic 1]] obtained from Pakistan, is an IR AAM exclusively for Mainland China's export jets and was introduced into the game in [[Update "Apex Predators"]].

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|j_7d}}

== General info ==


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | Missile characteristics
|-
| '''Mass''' || 89 kg
|-
| '''Guidance''' || IR
|-
| '''Aspect''' || Rear-aspect
|-
| '''Lock range (rear-aspect)''' || 5.5 km
|-
| '''Launch range''' || 10 km
|-
| '''Maximum speed''' || 3 M
|-
| '''Maximum overload''' || 35 G
|-
| '''Missile guidance time''' || 25 secs
|-
| '''Explosive mass''' || 9.6 kg TNTeq
|-
|}
The overall performance and appearance of the PL-7 is exactly like the Magic 1; all characteristics of the Magic 1 are retained, so players of French jets will soon find themselves at home.

=== Effective damage ===

The 6 kg of HBX (at 9.6 kg TNT equivalent) ensures the missile will make short work of enemy aircraft with its explosive content and shrapnel upon explosion; even if the missile doesn't hit the target dead-on, the proximity fuse will make sure the target will have a hard time returning to base.

=== Comparison with analogues ===

* [[Matra R550 Magic 1]] - the missile that the PL-7 is based on, sharing the exact same performance.
* [[AIM-9G]] - one of the most manoeuvrable missile in US service, having impressive burn time but lacking in close range combats.
* [[PL-5B]] - Chinese domestic IR AAM with impressive thrust and slightly less overload.
* [[R-60]] - Soviet IR AAM with excellent close-range manoeuvrability but lacks the range for farther targets.

== Usage in battles ==

Like its French brother, the PL-7 has high G overload and combat capability within 2.5 km. If players are already used to Magics on French jets, the combination of Warsaw Pact/Chinese jets and NATO weapons will give a unique experience: the limitation of Soviet jets (such as Fishbeds) is a lack of reliable IR AAMs for longer ranges; the PL-7 ensures otherwise, as in most cases, if the enemy doesn't notice the missile or it isn't fooled by flares, the PL-7 will make sure the enemy meets their end quickly with its 35G overload after launch.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Rather high G overload
* Able to be slaved to aircraft radar
* No pre-launch overload limit

'''Cons:'''

* Prone to flares
* Short burn time and high manoeuvrability result in lower range

== History ==

China acquired some examples of the R.550 Magic 1 around the early 1980s, likely from Pakistan who had obtained them alongside their batches of Mirage 5s in 1979 and were unable to domestically produce their own<ref>[https://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php SIPRI Arms Transfers Database]</ref>, or from Jordan who had also imported them in 1979. Reverse-engineering of the missile was started by Factory 331 (now AECC South Industry) in March 1982, and the new PL-7 missile was the produced in 1985 and passed for certification by April 1987.<ref>https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20210529A032M100</ref>

Due to its compatibility on both exported PLAAF jets and French jets, some countries such as Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Bangladesh acquired PL-7 for their jet fighters while PLAAF opted for the PL-8 (licensed Rafael Python 3) instead. Most of these countries opted for the later PL-5EII as their new missiles, as well as new jets that would eventually replace the launch platforms of PL-7; only Iran is known to still equip these missiles in service as of the late 2010s.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[Matra R550 Magic 1]] - the missile that PL-7 based on, sharing the exact same performance.

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Missiles}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

AN/APG-78

2023-10-29T20:51:27Z

U103335740: A page for the AN/APG-78 Longbow radar (found on the AH-64D and variants)

== Description ==


The '''AN/APG-78''' "Longbow" is an American [[Airborne Radars|airborne target detection (search) radar]] found on the AH-64D Apache Longbow and its variants. It has two modes, Ground-search mode (A-G) and Aerial-search (A-A) mode

=== Vehicles equipped with this radar ===


* {{Specs-Link|ah_64d}}
* {{Specs-Link|ah_mk1}}
* {{Specs-Link|ah_64d_japan}}
* {{Specs-Link|ah_64d_i_saraph}}

== General info / usage ==

''Add description about general use and more presets''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
! colspan="7" | Features
|-
! Band !! Pulse mode !! {{Annotation|PD|Pulse-Doppler}} mode !! {{Annotation|MTI|Moving target indication}} mode !! {{Annotation|IRST|Infrared search and track}} mode !! {{Annotation|TWS|Track-while-Scan}} mode !! {{Annotation|SARH|Able to guide semi-active radar-homing missiles}}
|-
| K || X || X || ✓ || X || X || X
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
! colspan="7" | Search characteristics
|-
! Mode
! {{Annotation|Max range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Effective range|The maximum range at which a target can be detected with ~100% efficiency}}
! {{Annotation|Display ranges|The available range scale settings of the radar}}
! {{Annotation|IFF|Identification friend or foe}}
|-
| A-G || rowspan="2" | 8 km || rowspan="2" | 8 km || rowspan="2" | 4 km, 8 km || rowspan="2" | X
|-
| A-A
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
! colspan="7" | Search modes
|-
! Mode
! Scan type
! {{Annotation|Azimuth|How far to each side the radar scans}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation|How far up and down the radar scans}}
! {{Annotation|Period|The time taken to complete one scan (the scan bar moving from one edge of the scan sector to the other)}}
|-
| A-G || rowspan="2" | Two-way raster || ±45° || -25°/+25° || 3 s
|-
| A-A || ±180° || -25°/+25° || 6 s
|-
|}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

The '''AN/APG-78''' has a large search zone compared to other helicopter radars, such as on the {{Specs-Link|mi_28nm}} and {{Specs-Link|ka_52}} (N-025 and RN01-Crossbow respectively). The {{Specs-Link|mi_28nm}}s N-025 has a search zone of 180° x 20°, while the {{Specs-Link|ka_52}}s nose mounted Crossbow has a search zone of 120° x 20°.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
! colspan="4" | Radars Found on Helicopters
|-
! Radar
! Search Zone
! Maximum Range
! Type
|-
| [[AN/APG-78]] || 360° x 20° || rowspan="2" | 8 km || rowspan="2" | Dome Mounted
|-
| N-025 || 180° x 20°
|-
| RN01-Crossbow || 120° x 20° || 12 km || Nose Mounted
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''
* Large search zone of 360° x 20°

'''Cons:'''
* Shorter range

== History ==


The [[AN/APG-78]] Longbow is a mast-mounted fire control radar (FCR) designated AN/APG-78. The FCR is a multimode millimetric wave (MMW) radar<ref name=":0">(Ian and Seabridge 345)</ref> The [[AN/APG-78]] FCR has four modes of operation, air-targeting mode, ground-targeting mode, terrain-profiling mode and a fourth monitoring mode that isolates electronic failures for maintenance and testing.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">(Ian and Seabridge 346)</ref>

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


== External links ==
* [[wt:en/news/6638-development-ah-64-apache-the-rotary-chieftain-en|[Development] AH-64 Apache]]

=== References ===

;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography

* Moir, Ian, and Allan Seabridge. ''Military Avionics Systems''. Wiley, 2006.

[[Category:Aircraft radars]]

AH-64D

2023-10-28T10:46:00Z

U103335740: Added a description. Fixed and added to history section, removed some errors and added a more in-depth history of design and development and operation.

{{About
| about = American attack helicopter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = AH-64 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ah_64d
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

Following studies done in the late 1980's on the AH-64A/B Apache, and funding in 1991, the US army began to look at upgrading their existing fleet of aircraft, leading to the AH-64B+ and the subsequent '''{{Specs|name}}''' "Apache Longbow". Featuring the newer AN/APG-78 "Longbow" mast-mounted fire control radar (FCR) as well as upgraded avionics and weaponry, the '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a formidable attack helicopter and successor to the AH-64A.

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American attack helicopter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]]. Although lacking the AIM-9Ls found on its predecessor, the '''{{Specs|name}}''' can carry up to 16 AGM-111K Hellfire II missiles.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Heli-Flight}}

The AH-64D Longbow, provides great manoeuvrability, incredible acceleration and overall providing a great speed of up to 319 km/h in arcade and 295 km/h in realistic and simulator game modes. It is as fast as the Japanese [[AH-64DJP]] but the title of fastest AH-64D belongs to the British Army variant called the [[AH Mk.1]]. The U.S. Army AH-64D Longbow is able to do manoeuvres other helicopters can only dream about, from barrel roles, flips to loops. Which allow it to evade enemy missiles with ease and surprise, poor enemy tankers who will be helpless to defeat it.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 1,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 271 || 253 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}}
|-
! Upgraded
| 319 || 295
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
[[File:AH-64D Armor Values.jpg|thumb|300px|Kevlar boron carbide armour on AH-64D]]
[[File:AH-64D Bulletproof Glass Stats.jpg|thumb|300px|Bulletproof glass armour rating]]
{{Specs-Heli-Armour}}

The AH-64D Apache longbow, has only limited armour protection installed with bullet proof glass only being installed on the pilot windscreen. The helicopter uses Kevlar boron carbide, composite martial which is limited only to instrument, floor and side panels around the cockpit. It does not provide the same level of protection as seen on other helicopters such as the [[Mi-28N]].

* Bullet proof glass installed only for the pilot - 22 mm thick.
* Installation of Kevlar boron carbide, composite martial only on the: Seats, cockpit side panels, Gunner floor panels and pilot instrument panel - 20 mm thick.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Heli-Armaments}}
[[File:AH-64D Defender.jpg|thumb|300px|AH-64D in Fulda]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Offensive}}

{{main|M230E-1 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 30 mm M230E-1 cannon (1,200 rpg)
** 1 x 30 mm M230E-1 cannon + 30 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Suspended}}

[[File:AH-64D Countermeasures.jpg|thumb|300px|AH-64D dispenses flare series as a countermeasure against heat-seeking missiles.]]
{{main|AGM-114K Hellfire II|APKWS II (M151)|APKWS II (M282)|ATAS (AIM-92)}}
{{main|Hydra-70 M247}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance presets:

* Without load
* 4 x ATAS (AIM-92) missiles
* 76 x Hydra-70 M247 rockets
* 28 x APKWS II (M151) missiles
* 28 x APKWS II (M282) missiles
* 4 x AGM-114K Hellfire II missiles
* 8 x AGM-114K Hellfire II missiles
* 16 x AGM-114K Hellfire II missiles
* 120 x countermeasures

==== Custom loadout options ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="7%" | 1 !! width="7%" | 2 !! width="7%" | 3 !! width="7%" | 4 !! width="7%" | 5 !! width="7%" | 6
| rowspan="7" width="25%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_AH-64A_(Israel).png]]</div>
|-
! Hydra-70 M247 rockets
| || 19 || 19 || 19 || 19 ||
|-
! AGM-114K Hellfire II missiles
| || 2, 4 || 2, 4 || 2, 4 || 2, 4 ||
|-
! APKWS II (M151) missiles
| || 7 || 7 || 7 || 7 ||
|-
! APKWS II (M282) missiles
| || 7 || 7 || 7 || 7 ||
|-
! ATAS (AIM-92) missiles
|2|| || || || ||2
|-
! Countermeasures
| 60 || || || || || 60
|-
| colspan="8" | * Both countermeasure pods must be equipped together
|}

=== Defensive systems ===

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' only has the following Defensive systems installed:

*'''Countermeasures''' - Up to 150 countermeasures can be installed.
*'''AMASE''' - Apache Modular Aircraft Survivability Equipment.
*'''AIM-92 Stinger''' - AIM 92 Stinger missiles

When unlocked, countermeasures are not installed - this requires the Flares/Chaff module (tier I) to be researched and installed, this provides up to 30 countermeasures. The next module called AMASE (tier II) provides up to 150 countermeasures, the additional 110 countermeasures are installed on the wingtips of the helicopter. Then the last module called AIM-92 Stinger (tier III) allows for the installation of a maximum of four AIM-92 Stinger missiles, which two are mounted on each wing tip.

== Usage in battles ==


'''Overview'''

The AH-64D is very similar to the [[AH-64A]] Apache. The differences are the lack of an option to carry AIM-9L missiles, the new Longbow radar, improved Hellfires, and an improved ECM package. The Apache is an excellent helicopter for attacking ground targets, and can also hold its own against many enemy aircraft. Through adequate use of cover, teamwork, and game sense, the Apache can easily dismantle enemy teams. An Apache pilot must understand all of the tools at their disposal.

The Apache has an arsenal of weapons. The most effective anti-tank weapon in the Apache's arsenal is the AGM-114 Hellfire, which uses a top attack trajectory to destroy ground vehicles. There is functionally very little difference between the AGM-114B and K variants, used on early and late Apaches respectively.

'''Staying alive:'''

Flying the Apache effectively can be more difficult than most players would imagine, processing information from optical sights, radar displays, and the radar warning receiver all at once can lead to information overload. If distracted by irrelevant information, a pilot can quickly lose situational awareness. Being successful in the Apache requires situational awareness above all else. Due to the fragility of the helicopter, any blindspot can lead to a quick and sudden death. Additionally, the mobility of the Apache is adequate but not impressive, so evasive manoeuvres are not always effective.

Using cover is a very important part of staying alive in the Apache. Always stay behind a hill or building in ground battles. When exposing yourself in order to fire on the enemy, be mindful to not gain too much altitude. Most importantly, always listen to your RWR and MAW. If you hear an alarm, take evasive action immediately.

The biggest improvement of the later Apache variants is the ability to mount the Longbow radar system. This system, if used properly, will help maintain situational awareness.

Additionally, it is important to know when to use flares. Flares are extremely effective against heat-seeking missiles, but useless against any other missiles. It is the responsibility of the Apache pilot to recognize the threat and decide whether to use flares or not. For Apaches with MAW (missile alert warning), there is an option for flares to be dispensed automatically.

'''Using the Longbow radar'''

The radar of the Apache should be used as a secondary tool when engaging ground targets. The radar is not effective in obtaining target lock for ground vehicles. The AGM-114L radar guided Hellfire is not in the game, so guidance of Hellfires should be done by using the FLIR thermal imaging camera to lase targets. However, the radar is still useful in detecting enemy aircraft. By using the multi-function menu to switch radar mode, the radar will begin to search for air rather than ground targets. Keeping track of enemy aircraft is vital to survival in the Apache, as any plane can make quick work of the Apache if the helicopter is unprepared.

'''Air-to-air (Stinger and gun)'''

The Apache is surprisingly potent in air-to-air combat. Engagements should be conducted primarily through the use of the Stinger missile. The Stinger is a simple but effective air-to-air missile. It has an excellent seeker head and can obtain all aspect lock on almost any air target within 3-5 km (even propeller aircraft with a low heat signature). However, the Stinger can be easily fooled by flares or outmanoeuvred by a fast enemy aircraft. The best way to use the Stinger against enemy aircraft is when they are heading directly towards you. If fired at the right second, most enemies will struggle to dodge a Stinger.

If the enemy gets close, the 30 mm autocannon can be extremely effective. The gun will automatically aim with optical lock, so Apache pilots can aim accurately while taking evasive manoeuvres.

'''Close-range air-to-ground (gun and rockets)'''

At close range, the Apache has excellent offensive capability. The 30 mm autocannon is incredibly accurate even at surprisingly far distances. This cannon uses a High Explosive Dual Purpose round that can engage lightly armoured targets. Rocket pods can also be used, with the CCIP computer helping maintain accuracy even at further distances. Be careful when trying to use the Hellfire missile at close range. It can do a direct attack at closer ranges (rather than its usual top attack) but if fired at an odd angle, it may not have time to manoeuvre onto the target if fired at closer ranges.

The problem with trying to engage at close range is that doing so will put the Apache in huge amounts of danger. Enemy tanks will be able to quickly destroy the Apache with their main guns or anti-aircraft machine guns.

[[File:HellfireTrajectory.png|thumb]]
'''Long-range air-to-ground (Hellfire)'''

At longer ranges, the Hellfire missile can be used to full effect. The Hellfire will guide on its target as shown in the attached diagram. This is known as top attack. Being that it takes this path to the enemy target, the Hellfire can take upward of 30 seconds to reach its target at longer ranges. Do not fire at enemies that are about to move to cover, and make sure to fire multiple missiles at once in order to deal maximum damage. Because the Hellfire is laser guided, multiple missiles can be fired at once. They should be fired at intervals of 5-10 seconds, where between missiles the Apache can switch to a new ground target. This will allow for the quick destruction of multiple enemies. This tactic can be incredibly effective. Although the time to target for the most recently fired Hellfire is available on the HUD, pilots will have to keep track of all the missiles they have fired by memory and quick calculations.
[[File:HellfireSequenceDemonstration.mp4|left]]

Combatting enemy anti-aircraft vehicles can be a challenge. Always remain in cover and move unpredictably in combat. Use the radar warning receiver to obtain the general direction of enemy AA, and then attack with a Hellfire. An effective strategy is to fire a Hellfire, break optical lock to gain cover and avoid counterfire, and then pop back up and get lock again several seconds before the Hellfire hits. This strategy if applied correctly will result in a hit, as the Hellfire is smart enough to begin following the laser designator again once the Apache re-obtains its lock.
{{Clear}}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent ground attack armaments (Hellfire missiles and 30 mm autocannon)
* Excellent air-to-air capability with the Stinger missile and radar
* Adequate speed and manoeuvrability
* Advanced countermeasure system with radar warning receiver (RWR) and Missile Alert Warning
* Longbow radar

'''Cons:'''

* Hellfire missiles have limited self-guidance abilities from certain positions
* Hellfire missiles need line-of-sight for guidance.
* Easily destroyed by main adversary ([[Ka-50]] & [[Ka-52]]) and enemy aircraft

== History ==


The '''AH-64D Apache Longbow''' (aka. Longbow Apache) is an improved version of the AH-64A/B Apache (the AH-64B was not a production designation but instead was a proposed designation), with new and upgraded avionics and weaponry.<ref name=":0">(Ian and Seabridge 345)</ref> The aircraft is powered by two T700-GE-701C engines and features many of the integrated target acquisition and designator sights as its predecessor.

'''Design and Development'''[[File:US Army AH-64D.jpg|thumb|330x202px|An AH-64D tests the AGM-179 JAGM at the Yuma Proving Ground.]]

In the late 1980s, studies were underway to upgrade the AH-64A/B. The US Army began to draft plans to upgrade the fleet, with upgrades centered around the new Northrop Grumman mast-mounted fire control radar (FCR) designated AN/APG-78, more commonly known as the Longbow fire control radar.<ref name=":0" /> With funding beginning in 1991, McDonnell Douglas converted four AH-64As in 1992 as a proof of concept. After this, production of the AH-64D and remanufacture of the original 64A/B versions, began. The US Army intended to procure a total of 227 AH-64Ds fitted with the AN/APG-78 "Longbow" FCR, and 531 of the 64C variant, which did not include the FCR but included all other avionic modifications.<ref name=":0" /> However, the C designation was dropped in 1993, as the radar could be moved from one aircraft to another, and the decision was made to designate both versions as the AH-64D.

The Longbow is a mast-mounted fire control radar (FCR) designated AN/APG-78. The FCR is a multimode millimetric wave (MMW) radar<ref name=":0" /> and it allows the usage of AGM-114L/K Hellfire 2 anti-tank guided missiles. Compared to previous Hellfire variants that required a continuous line-of-sight for the laser designator, the Hellfire 2 has fire-and-forget capability. The Longbow has four modes of operation, air-targeting mode, ground-targeting mode, terrain-profiling mode and a fourth monitoring mode that isolates electronic failures for maintenance and testing.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">(Ian and Seabridge 346)</ref>

The AH-64D also features improved electronics and avionics, including improved GPS, a new radio-frequency interferometer (RFI) - the AN/APR-48A, and improved Doppler velocity rate sensor. The RFI is used to monitor and identify threat radars and also when threat emitters are tracking the helicopter.<ref name=":1" /> In addition, the landing gear fairings and forward avionics bay are extended forward in order to accommodate the extra equipment. On each side of the cockpit, the new avionics are hosted in extended forward avionic bays (EFABs).<ref name=":2">(Ian and Seabridge 347)</ref> The Longbow can also detect, classify, and track up to 128 targets simultaneously, engaging up to 16 at once. It can "see" through fog and smoke, which can prevent the operation of infrared or TV systems.

'''Operational History'''

Originally entering service in 1995, the US Army ordered 530 more AH-64A/B variants to be upgraded to the AH-64D variant in 1999. Other nations that had purchased or shown an interest in the Longbow Apache (new and/or upgraded 64A/Bs) are: the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Singapore, Israel, Egypt and Kuwait.<ref name=":0" /> The AH-64D is in service with the United States, the United Kingdom, Egypt, Greece, Kuwait, Singapore, the UAE, Israel, and the Netherlands.

The Longbow Apache is flown by a two-person crew composed of a pilot and copilot gunner (CPG) and is capable of carrying the following weapons:<ref name=":3">(Ian and Seabridge 349)</ref>
* Up to 16 AGM-114 Hellfire missiles (the 111K variant was used with dual seeker capability: pulsed radar or semi-active laser guidance with a range of >8km (5 miles).
* Hydra 70 rocket pod
* M 320 30mm 'chain gun' that could be slaved to the pilot/CPG's helmet sight

Although there have been test firings of AIM-9 Sidewinders, AIM-28 stingers, and British Starstreaks, none have seen operational service. <ref name=":3" />

=== [[wt:en/news/6638-development-ah-64-apache-the-rotary-chieftain-en|Devblog]] ===
In the early 1970s, the US Army was keen to adopt a more powerful attack helicopter, with improved anti-tank capabilities and performance over the existing AH-1 Cobra in service at the time. As a result, the Army initiated the "Advanced Attack Helicopter" (AAH) program in November of 1972, requesting design proposals from a number of prominent American helicopter manufacturers.

Subsequently, various designs were proposed by Bell, Boeing, Hughes, Lockheed and Sikorsky. Of all the proposals, the Army picked two designs for further development - Hughes' Model 77 (YAH-64) and Bell's Model 409 (YAH-63).

After conducting their maiden flights on the 30th of September and the 1st of October, 1975, respectively, further testing of the two prototypes showed deficiencies in the fields of survivability and undercarriage stability on Bell's Model 409. As a result, Bell's design was excluded from the competition, while Hughes' design was declared as the winner of the AAH program in 1976.

Following this, work on refining the YAH-64's design continued throughout the late 1970s. As part of this further development, the YAH-64 was optimized for the use of the newly developed AGM-114 Hellfire missile, which was in development since 1974. By the end of the '70s and going into the early '80s, the AH-64 was considered ready for full scale production. In 1981, the first pre-production machines were built, while the first production models began rolling off the assembly lines in 1983. Since then, the Apache has been produced in a huge numbers, participating in virtually every scale military operation of the US Army: Panama, Iraq, Bosnia, Kosovo, etc. Israel became the first foreign operator of the Apache named AH-64 Peten, where this helicopter saw intense combat in Lebanon and Gaza strip.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ah_64d Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:AH-64D (2).jpg|
File:AH-64D (3).jpg|
File:AH-64D (1).jpg|
File:AH-64D (4).jpg|
File:AH-64D (5).jpg|
File:AH-64D (6).jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|irF2YOn8zOs|'''AH-64 Apache Ultimate Review''' - ''Bob Dickinson''|28ngW8SmkWI|'''AH-64D The Purely American Tank Buster''' - ''JustinPlaysYT''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[AH-64 (Family)]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[EC-665 Tiger UHT]]
* [[EC-665 Tiger HAD]]
* [[Mi-28N]] and [[Ka-52]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6638-development-ah-64-apache-the-rotary-chieftain-en|[Devblog] AH-64 Apache: The Rotary Chieftain]]
* [[wikipedia:Boeing_AH-64_Apache#AH-64D|[Wikipedia] AH-64D]]
* [https://asc.army.mil/web/portfolio-item/aviation_apache-ah-64e/ <nowiki>[US Army]</nowiki> Apache Attack Helicopter AH-64D/E]
* [http://www.military-today.com/helicopters/boeing_ah64d_longbow.htm <nowiki>[Military Today]</nowiki> Boeing AH-64D Longbow Apache]
* [https://www.army-technology.com/projects/apache/ <nowiki>[Army Technology]</nowiki> Apache Attack Helicopter (AH-64A/D)]

=== References ===

;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography

* Moir, Ian, and Allan Seabridge. ''Military Avionics Systems''. Wiley, 2006.

{{AirManufacturer Boeing}}
{{USA helicopters}}

File:US Army AH-64D.jpg

2023-10-28T10:09:30Z

U103335740:

An AH-64D tests the AGM-179 JAGM at the Yuma Proving Ground

F-16C

2023-10-28T08:34:48Z

U103335740: Link to F-16 (Family)

{{Specs-Card
|code=f_16c_block_50
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a major improvement over the previous variants of the F-16. The previous Block 42 aircraft weighed 3,000+ lbs (1,360 kgs) over the early F-16s. To offset the increased weight, General Electric developed the F110-GE-129 which greatly increased thrust at both low and high altitudes. The Block 50 also received the Westinghouse APG-68 radar which was much faster and generally more reliable. One of the biggest additions to the Block 50 was the ability to fire AIM-120 AMRAAMs and new ground attack munitions. It could also utilize the AGM-88 HARM which was a dedicated SEAD weapon. The USAF received the first F-16 Block 50 in late 1991 and many more were sent to foreign countries as well.

Introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]], the '''{{Specs|name}}''' is an excellent top-tier aircraft. The improved General Electric F110 greatly increases the performance of the Block 50 against enemy aircraft. It excels in dogfighting thanks to its relatively light airframe and better engine. The Fighting Falcon has access to AIM-9M Sidewinders which have a smokeless motor as well as improved IRCCM which makes them an incredibly dangerous missile, especially from rear aspect. Players should be more than satisfied with the F-16C Block 50 against both aircraft and ground targets.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 10,973 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,108 || 2,073 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.1 || 20.5 || 259.5 || 248.3 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
|2,235||2,170||18.9||19.5||344.1||300
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,555  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || - || 470 || 463 || ~12 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 680 || < 750 || < 700 || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | General Electric F110-GE-129 || 1
| colspan="2" | 9,070 kg || colspan="3" | 441 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 42m fuel
|-
| 1,805 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 10,044 kg || 10,606 kg || 11,374 kg || 12,317 kg || 17,874 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 42m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 6,960 kgf || 11,484 kgf
| 1.14 || 1.08 || 1.01 || 0.93 || 0.64
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 7,241 kgf (1,200 - 1,400 km/h) || 16,488 kgf (1,200 km/h)
| 1.64 || 1.55 || 1.45 || 1.34 || 0.92
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon, wing root-mounted (512 rpg)
* 120 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="4%" | 1 !! width="4%" | 2 !! width="4%" | 3 !! width="4%" | 4 !! width="4%" | 5 !! width="4%" | 6 !! width="4%" | 7 !! width="4%" | 8 !! width="4%" | 9 !! width="4%" | 10
| rowspan="17" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| || || 3 || 3 || || || 3 || 3 || ||
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| || || 3 || 3, 6 || || || 3, 6 || 3 || ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84]] bombs
| || || 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 1 || ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 84 Air (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 Air]] bombs
| || || 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 1 || ||
|-
! [[GBU-12 Paveway II (277 kg)|277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II]] bombs
| || || 2* || || || || || 2* || ||
|-
! [[GBU-24 Paveway III (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb GBU-24 Paveway III]] bombs
| || || 1* || 1* || || || 1* || 1* || ||
|-
! [[BLU-27/B incendiary]] bombs
| || || 2 || 2 || || || 2 || 2 || ||
|-
! [[FFAR Mighty Mouse]] rockets
| || || 57 || || || || || 57 || ||
|-
! [[Hydra-70 M247]] rockets
| || || 19 || || || || || 19 || ||
|-
! [[AGM-65D]] missiles
| || || 1, 3 || || || || || 1, 3 || ||
|-
! [[AIM-7M Sparrow]] missiles
| || || 1 || || || || || 1 || ||
|-
! [[AIM-9L Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || 1 || || || || || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! [[AIM-9M Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || 1 || || || || || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! LITENING II targeting pod
| || || || || 1* || || || || ||
|-
! 300 gal drop tanks
| || || || || || 1 || || || ||
|-
| colspan="11" | Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 2,000 kg
|-
| colspan="12" | * The LITENING II pod must be equipped when carrying guided bombs
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 1 x 300 gal drop tank
* 2 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 6 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 6 x AIM-9M Sidewinder missiles
* 2 x AIM-7M Sparrow missiles
* 114 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 38 x Hydra-70 M247 rockets
* 2 x AGM-65D missiles
* 6 x AGM-65D missiles
* 12 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 12 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 4 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 4 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 Air bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 4 x 277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II bombs (1,108 kg total)
* 4 x 2,000 lb GBU-24 Paveway III bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 8 x BLU-27/B incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Access to AIM-9M missiles
* Access to a LITENING II TGP in contrast to other F-16 variants
* Large variety of guided ground ordnance
* Better radar than previous F-16s
* Has TWS (Track While Scan)
* Upgraded F110-GE-129 engine with significantly more thrust
* Advanced AN/ALR-56M RWR that can detect a variety of threats
* Access to a voice warning system (Betty)
* Access to a helmet-mounted display (JHMCS)

'''Cons:'''

* Bad top speed manoeuvrability
* High fuel consumption
* Internal M61 cannon still has a limited ammo supply
* Worse flight performance than previous F-16s

== History ==

The Block 42 F-16 was very overweight at an astounding 3,000 lb increase over the F-16A/Bs. This was also compounded by the fact that the Block 42 was intended to carry more ordnance and didn't have any significant thrust increase. As a result, the USAF launched the Increased Performance Engine (IPE) program to increase the thrust of the F-16. The Pratt & Whitney F100 and General Electric F110 engines were both redesigned and were much more powerful compared to their predecessors. The F110, found in the Block 50, featured a thirty-percent increase in thrust at low altitudes and a ten-percent increase at higher altitudes. The Block 50 also received the Westinghouse APG-68 radar which had increased reliability and was much faster. The displays in the cockpit were also replaced and an FOV HUD was added. The Block 50 also has access to a multitude of ordnance, and thanks to the improved engine, it can also carry much more. The Block 50 can use the AGM-88 HARM, AIM-120 AMRAAM, new surface target weaponry, SAPHEI rounds (PGU-28), and bombs.
[[File:F-16c thunderbirds 2022.JPG|thumb|F-16Cs of the USAF Thunderbirds performing a Diamond Formation, October 2022.]]
The USAF began receiving the Block 50s in the early 90s and continued receiving them until 2005. After that, F-16 deliveries were exclusively for foreign customers where the F-16 also shined. Further upgrades were done on the Block 50 such as the Block 50 Plus which included more advanced electronics: the radar was improved, a better IFF system was installed, and it could be modified to have conformal fuel tanks (CFT).

In 2001, F-16C and F-16D Block 40/42 and Block 50/52 underwent an upgrade program called CCIP or Common Configuration Implementation Program. Block 50 F-16Cs modernized under this program were identified by the "bird slicer" antennas on the AN/APX-113 IFF interrogators. The CCIP program integrated newer targeting pods such as the Lockheed Martin Sniper XR targeting pod (Phase IB) and the Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing System (Phase II).

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
F-16 Viper Demo Team skin.png|F-16C Viper Demo Team skin
</gallery>

== See also ==

'''Related development'''

* [[F-16 (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer General Dynamics}}
{{USA jet aircraft}}